101
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Yoon D, Chae S, Kim W, Lee D, Choi D. Superhydrophobic plasmonic nanoarchitectures based on aluminum hydroxide nanotemplates. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17125-17130. [PMID: 30182097 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04873h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The combined characteristics of non-wettabililty and strong plasmonic resonances make superhydrophobic plasmonic nanostructures an appealing tool for ultrasensitive detection in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, inducing superhydrophobic surfaces on originally hydrophilic metals (e.g., gold, silver) while achieving high plasmonic enhancement requires sophisticated surface engineering and often involves complex fabrication processes. In this article, we design and fabricate cost effective and scalable plasmonic nanostructures with both superhydrophobicity (a water contact angle >160°) and high SERS signal (enhancement factor ≈106). Silver-coated aluminum hydroxide nanotemplates are obtained from a simple wet process, followed by thermal evaporation of silver nanoparticles. We find that the largest SERS enhancement is obtained when the contact angle is maximum. This confirms that the control of surface wettability is an effective way to improve detection sensitivity in SERS measurements. The nanotemplates developed in this study could be applied further in various applications, including microfluidic biomolecular optical sensors, photocatalysts, and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daesung Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 17104 Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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102
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Wang G, Yi R, Zhai X, Bian R, Gao Y, Cai D, Liu J, Huang X, Lu G, Li H, Huang W. A flexible SERS-active film for studying the effect of non-metallic nanostructures on Raman enhancement. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16895-16901. [PMID: 30175361 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the choice of SERS-active materials has been limited mainly to metals, especially gold and silver in the visible spectrum. Although non-metals can also be SERS-active by forming nanostructures or composite structures with SERS-active materials, the mechanism behind it is still unclear and there is no perfect technique to study it. In this work, by constructing a SERS structure on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane film, we provide a way to study the effect of non-metallic nanostructures on Raman enhancement by attaching the above film onto flat and nanostructured surfaces. It was found that a nanoporous silicon surface contributes to an additional, up to five times, Raman enhancement. The pore depth and pore size also influence the observed Raman enhancement. These findings will help us not only to understand the mechanism of SERS involving non-metallic nanostructures, but also to design more efficient SERS structures for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
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103
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Tunable Multipolar Fano Resonances and Electric Field Enhancements in Au Ring-Disk Plasmonic Nanostructures. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091576. [PMID: 30200419 PMCID: PMC6165175 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically research the characteristics of tunable multipolar Fano resonances in novel-designed Au ring-disk plasmonic nanostructures. We systematically study some structural parameters that influence the multipolar Fano resonances of the nanostructures. Adjustment of the radius (R1 and R2) of the Au ring, the radius (R3) of the Au disk and the thickness (H) of the Au ring-disk can effectively adjust the multipolar Fano resonances. The complex field distributions excited by a Au ring-disk can produce dark resonance modes. At the frequency of the multipolar Fano resonances, strong localized field distributions can be obtained. The Fano resonances exhibit strong light-extinction properties in Au ring-disk nanostructures, which can be applied to an optical tunable filter and optical switch.
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104
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Zhan C, Chen XJ, Yi J, Li JF, Wu DY, Tian ZQ. From plasmon-enhanced molecular spectroscopy to plasmon-mediated chemical reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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105
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Park DJ, Shin JH, Park KH, Ryu HC. Electrically controllable THz asymmetric split-loop resonator with an outer square loop based on VO 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17397-17406. [PMID: 30119551 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose an asymmetric split-loop resonator with an outer square loop (ASLR-OSL) based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) which can actively control the transmission characteristics of a terahertz wave while maintaining a high quality factor of the asymmetric split-loop resonator (ASLR) by adding an outer square loop. The proposed ASLR-OSL demonstrated transmission characteristics similar to those of ASLR, and the transmission characteristics of ASLR-OSL were successfully controlled by directly applying a bias voltage. These results show a simple method for imposing active properties on a common metamaterial having a high quality factor by adding a loop structure.
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106
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Ren J, Wang W, Qiu W, Qiu P, Wang Z, Lin Z, Wang JX, Kan Q, Pan JQ. Dynamic tailoring of electromagnetic behaviors of graphene plasmonic oligomers by local chemical potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16695-16703. [PMID: 29877522 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) regime, graphene supports tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) by controlling the chemical potential, which promotes light-matter interaction at the selected wavelength, showing exceptional promise for optoelectronic applications. In this article, we show that the electromagnetic (EM) response of graphene oligomers can be substantially modified by the modification of the local chemical potential, strengthening or reducing the intrinsic plasmonic modes. The effect mechanism is corroborated by a graphene nanocluster composed of 13 nanodisks with D6h symmetry; by transforming to D3h symmetry, the effect mechanism was retained and more available plasmonic resonance modes appeared. The intriguing properties open a new way to design nanodevices made of graphene oligomers with highly efficient photoresponse enhancement and tunable spectral selectivity for highly accurate photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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107
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Simoncelli S, Li Y, Cortés E, Maier SA. Imaging Plasmon Hybridization of Fano Resonances via Hot-Electron-Mediated Absorption Mapping. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3400-3406. [PMID: 29715431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of radiative losses in dark plasmon modes allows storing electromagnetic energy more efficiently than in far-field excitable bright-plasmon modes. As such, processes benefiting from the enhanced absorption of light in plasmonic materials could also take profit of dark plasmon modes to boost and control nanoscale energy collection, storage, and transfer. We experimentally probe this process by imaging with nanoscale precision the hot-electron driven desorption of thiolated molecules from the surface of gold Fano nanostructures, investigating the effect of wavelength and polarization of the incident light. Spatially resolved absorption maps allow us to show the contribution of each element of the nanoantenna in the hot-electron driven process and their interplay in exciting a dark plasmon mode. Plasmon-mode engineering allows control of nanoscale reactivity and offers a route to further enhance and manipulate hot-electron driven chemical reactions and energy-conversion and transfer at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simoncelli
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London , London SE1 1UL , United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80799 München , Germany
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108
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Srivastava YK, Manjappa M, Cong L, Krishnamoorthy HNS, Savinov V, Pitchappa P, Singh R. A Superconducting Dual-Channel Photonic Switch. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801257. [PMID: 29870580 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of Cooper pair formation and its underlying physics has long occupied the investigation into high temperature (high-Tc ) cuprate superconductors. One of the ways to unravel this is to observe the ultrafast response present in the charge carrier dynamics of a photoexcited specimen. This results in an interesting approach to exploit the dissipation-less dynamic features of superconductors to be utilized for designing high-performance active subwavelength photonic devices with extremely low-loss operation. Here, dual-channel, ultrafast, all-optical switching and modulation between the resistive and the superconducting quantum mechanical phase is experimentally demonstrated. The ultrafast phase switching is demonstrated via modulation of sharp Fano resonance of a high-Tc yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) superconducting metamaterial device. Upon photoexcitation by femtosecond light pulses, the ultrasensitive cuprate superconductor undergoes dual dissociation-relaxation dynamics, with restoration of superconductivity within a cycle, and thereby establishes the existence of dual switching windows within a timescale of 80 ps. Pathways are explored to engineer the secondary dissociation channel which provides unprecedented control over the switching speed. Most importantly, the results envision new ways to accomplish low-loss, ultrafast, and ultrasensitive dual-channel switching applications that are inaccessible through conventional metallic and dielectric based metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manukumara Manjappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Longqing Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Harish N S Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Vassili Savinov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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109
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Moridsadat M, Golmohammadi S, Baghban H. Tunable multiband plasmonic response of indium antimonide touching microrings in the terahertz range. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:4368-4375. [PMID: 29877380 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.004368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a terahertz (THz) plasmonic structure that supports three resonance modes, including the charge transfer plasmon (CTP), the bonding dipole-dipole plasmon, and the antibonding dipole-dipole plasmon, which can be strongly tuned by geometrical parameters, passively, and the temperature, actively. The structure exhibits a considerable thermal sensitivity of more than 0.01 THz/K. The introduced multiband and tunable THz plasmonic structures offer important applications in thermal switches, thermo-optical modulators, broadband filters, design of multifunctional molecules originating from the multiband specification of the proposed structure, and improvement in plasmonic sensor applications stemming from a detailed study of the CTP mode.
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110
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Mesch M, Weiss T, Schäferling M, Hentschel M, Hegde RS, Giessen H. Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic Nanoantennas-Utilization of Optimal Spectral Detuning of Fano Resonances. ACS Sens 2018; 3:960-966. [PMID: 29708330 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We analyze and optimize the performance of coupled plasmonic nanoantennas for refractive index sensing. The investigated structure supports a sub- and super-radiant mode that originates from the weak coupling of a dipolar and quadrupolar mode, resulting in a Fano-type spectral line shape. In our study, we vary the near-field coupling of the two modes and particularly examine the influence of the spectral detuning between them on the sensing performance. Surprisingly, the case of matched resonance frequencies does not provide the best sensor. Instead, we find that the right amount of coupling strength and spectral detuning allows for achieving the ideal combination of narrow line width and sufficient excitation strength of the subradiant mode, and therefore results in optimized sensor performance. Our findings are confirmed by experimental results and first-order perturbation theory. The latter is based on the resonant state expansion and provides direct access to resonance frequency shifts and line width changes as well as the excitation strength of the modes. Based on these parameters, we define a figure of merit that can be easily calculated for different sensing geometries and agrees well with the numerical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mesch
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schäferling
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ravi S. Hegde
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis North, Singapore 138632
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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111
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Wu Z, Chen X, Wang M, Dong J, Zheng Y. High-Performance Ultrathin Active Chiral Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5030-5041. [PMID: 29708728 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin active chiral metamaterials with dynamically tunable and responsive optical chirality enable new optical sensors, modulators, and switches. Herein, we develop ultrathin active chiral metamaterials of highly tunable chiroptical responses by inducing tunable near-field coupling in the metamaterials and exploit the metamaterials as ultrasensitive sensors to detect trace amounts of solvent impurities. To demonstrate the active chiral metamaterials mediated by tunable near-field coupling, we design moiré chiral metamaterials (MCMs) as model metamaterials, which consist of two layers of identical Au nanohole arrays stacked upon one another in moiré patterns with a dielectric spacer layer between the Au layers. Our simulations, analytical fittings, and experiments reveal that spacer-dependent near-field coupling exists in the MCMs, which significantly enhances the spectral shift and line shape change of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the MCMs. Furthermore, we use a silk fibroin thin film as the spacer layer in the MCM. With the solvent-controllable swelling of the silk fibroin thin films, we demonstrate actively tunable near-field coupling and chiroptical responses of the silk-MCMs. Impressively, we have achieved the spectral shift over a wavelength range that is more than one full width at half-maximum and the sign inversion of the CD spectra in a single ultrathin (1/5 of wavelength in thickness) MCM. Finally, we apply the silk-MCMs as ultrasensitive sensors to detect trace amounts of solvent impurities down to 200 ppm, corresponding to an ultrahigh sensitivity of >105 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) and a figure of merit of 105/RIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Jianwen Dong
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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112
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Haran G, Chuntonov L. Artificial Plasmonic Molecules and Their Interaction with Real Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5539-5580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Haran
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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113
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Chen JD, Xiang J, Jiang S, Dai QF, Tie SL, Lan S. Radiation of the high-order plasmonic modes of large gold nanospheres excited by surface plasmon polaritons. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9153-9163. [PMID: 29725675 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02099j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large metallic nanoparticles with sizes comparable to the wavelength of light are expected to support high-order plasmon modes exhibiting resonances in the visible to near infrared spectral range. However, the radiation behavior of high-order plasmon modes, including scattering spectra and radiation patterns, remains unexplored. Here, we report on the first observation and characterization of the high-order plasmon modes excited in large gold nanospheres by using the surface plasmon polaritons generated on the surface of a thin gold film. The polarization-dependent scattering spectra were measured by inserting a polarization analyzer in the collection channel and the physical origins of the scattering peaks observed in the scattering spectra were clearly identified. More interestingly, the radiation of electric quadrupoles and octupoles was resolved in both frequency and spatial domains. In addition, the angular dependences of the radiation intensity for all plasmon modes were extracted by fitting the polarization-dependent scattering spectra with multiple Lorentz line shapes. A significant enhancement of the electric field was found in the gap plasmon modes and it was employed to generate hot-electron intraband luminescence. Our findings pave the way for exploiting the high-order plasmon modes of large metallic nanoparticles in the manipulation of light radiation and light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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114
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Li Y, Su Y, Lin Q, Zhai X, Wang LL. Active control of an edge-mode-based plasmon-induced absorption sensor. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:2698-2703. [PMID: 29714262 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.002698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation and evolution of plasmon-induced absorption (PIA) effect in a three-dimensional graphene waveguide structure. The PIA window is formed by near-field coupling of the graphene edge mode, the extremely destructive interference between the radiative mode and sub-radiative mode of graphene nanoribbons. The resonance intensity has a significant dependence on the coupling distance between the graphene nanoribbons. At the same time, it is particularly sensitive to the refractive index of the environment, which is promising for sensing devices. In addition, the resonant wavelength can be actively controlled by changing the Fermi energy of graphene. Moreover, it can be seen that the group time delay of the PIA window reaches -0.28 ps, which is a good candidate for ultrafast light application. Finally, additional graphene nanoribbons can also form a double-channel PIA window. Our work may provide an excellent platform for controlling the optical transmission of highly integrated plasmonic components.
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115
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Tunable Nanosensor Based on Fano Resonances Created by Changing the Deviation Angle of the Metal Core in a Plasmonic Cavity. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041026. [PMID: 29596341 PMCID: PMC5949047 DOI: 10.3390/s18041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a type of tunable plasmonic refractive index nanosensor based on Fano resonance is proposed and investigated. The sensor comprises a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanocavity with a center-deviated metal core and two side-coupled waveguides. By carefully adjusting the deviation angle and distance of the metal core in the cavity, Fano resonances can be obtained and modulated. The Fano resonances can be considered as results induced by the symmetry-breaking or geometric effect that affects the field distribution intensity at the coupling region between the right waveguide and the cavity. Such a field-distribution pattern change can be regarded as being caused by the interference between the waveguide modes and the cavity modes. The investigations demonstrate that the spectral positions and modulation depths of Fano resonances are highly sensitive to the deviation parameters. Furthermore, the figure of merit (FOM) value is calculated for different deviation angle. The result shows that this kind of tunable sensor has compact structure, high transmission, sharp Fano lineshape, and high sensitivity to the change in background refractive index. This work provides an effective method for flexibly tuning Fano resonance, which has wide applications in designing on-chip plasmonic nanosensors or other relevant devices, such as information modulators, optical filters, and ultra-fast switches.
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116
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Abstract
The interaction between light and matter can be controlled efficiently by structuring materials at a length scale shorter than the wavelength of interest. With the goal to build optical devices that operate at the nanoscale, plasmonics has established itself as a discipline, where near-field effects of electromagnetic waves created in the vicinity of metallic surfaces can give rise to a variety of novel phenomena and fascinating applications. As research on plasmonics has emerged from the optics and solid-state communities, most laboratories employ top-down lithography to implement their nanophotonic designs. In this review, we discuss the recent, successful efforts of employing self-assembled DNA nanostructures as scaffolds for creating advanced plasmonic architectures. DNA self-assembly exploits the base-pairing specificity of nucleic acid sequences and allows for the nanometer-precise organization of organic molecules but also for the arrangement of inorganic particles in space. Bottom-up self-assembly thus bypasses many of the limitations of conventional fabrication methods. As a consequence, powerful tools such as DNA origami have pushed the boundaries of nanophotonics and new ways of thinking about plasmonic designs are on the rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
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117
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Cetin AE, Iyidogan P, Hayashi Y, Wallen M, Vijayan K, Tu E, Nguyen M, Oliphant A. Plasmonic Sensor Could Enable Label-Free DNA Sequencing. ACS Sens 2018; 3:561-568. [PMID: 29488377 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a proof-of-principle concept of a label-free platform that enables nucleic acid sequencing by binding methodology. The system utilizes gold surfaces having high fidelity plasmonic nanohole arrays which are very sensitive to minute changes of local refractive indices. Our novel surface chemistry approach ensures accurate identification of correct bases at individual positions along a targeted DNA sequence on the gold surface. Binding of the correct base on the gold sensing surface triggers strong spectral variations within the nanohole optical response, which provides a high signal-to-noise ratio and accurate sequence data. Integrating our label-free sequencing platform with a lens-free imaging-based device, we reliably determined targeted DNA sequences by monitoring the changes within the plasmonic diffraction images. Consequently, this new label-free surface chemistry technique, integrated with plasmonic lens-free imaging platform, will enable monitoring multiple biomolecular binding events, which could initiate new avenues for high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif E. Cetin
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pinar Iyidogan
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Wallen
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kandaswamy Vijayan
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eugene Tu
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Arnold Oliphant
- Omniome, Inc., 10575 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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118
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Generalized Fano lineshapes reveal exceptional points in photonic molecules. Nat Commun 2018; 9:396. [PMID: 29374174 PMCID: PMC5786102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical behavior of coupled systems, in which the breaking of parity and time-reversal symmetry occurs, is drawing increasing attention to address the physics of the exceptional point singularity, i.e., when the real and imaginary parts of the normal-mode eigenfrequencies coincide. At this stage, fascinating phenomena are predicted, including electromagnetic-induced transparency and phase transitions. To experimentally observe the exceptional points, the near-field coupling to waveguide proposed so far was proved to work only in peculiar cases. Here, we extend the interference detection scheme, which lies at the heart of the Fano lineshape, by introducing generalized Fano lineshapes as a signature of the exceptional point occurrence in resonant-scattering experiments. We investigate photonic molecules and necklace states in disordered media by means of a near-field hyperspectral mapping. Generalized Fano profiles in material science could extend the characterization of composite nanoresonators, semiconductor nanostructures, and plasmonic and metamaterial devices. Fano lineshapes are found in many photonic systems where discrete and extended spectra interfere. Here, the authors extend this description and introduce generalized Fano lineshapes to describe the results from hyperspectral mapping around an exceptional point in a coupled-cavity system.
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Anti-Hermitian photodetector facilitating efficient subwavelength photon sorting. Nat Commun 2018; 9:316. [PMID: 29358626 PMCID: PMC5778063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to split an incident light beam into separate wavelength bands is central to a diverse set of optical applications, including imaging, biosensing, communication, photocatalysis, and photovoltaics. Entirely new opportunities are currently emerging with the recently demonstrated possibility to spectrally split light at a subwavelength scale with optical antennas. Unfortunately, such small structures offer limited spectral control and are hard to exploit in optoelectronic devices. Here, we overcome both challenges and demonstrate how within a single-layer metafilm one can laterally sort photons of different wavelengths below the free-space diffraction limit and extract a useful photocurrent. This chipscale demonstration of anti-Hermitian coupling between resonant photodetector elements also facilitates near-unity photon-sorting efficiencies, near-unity absorption, and a narrow spectral response (∼ 30 nm) for the different wavelength channels. This work opens up entirely new design paradigms for image sensors and energy harvesting systems in which the active elements both sort and detect photons.
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120
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Zhang J, Chen S, Wang J, Mu K, Fan C, Liang E, Ding P. An engineered CARS substrate with giant field enhancement in crisscross dimer nanostructure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:740. [PMID: 29335467 PMCID: PMC5768707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optical properties of a nanostructure consisting of the two identical and symmetrically arranged crisscrosses. A plasmonic Fano resonance is induced by a strong interplay between bright mode and dark modes, where the bright mode is due to electric dipole resonance while dark modes originate from the magnetic dipole induced by LC resonances. In this article, we find that the electric field "hotspots" corresponding to three different wavelengths can be positioned at the same spatial position, and its spectral tunability is achieved by changing geometric parameters. The crisscrosses system can be designed as a plasmonic substrate for enhancing Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) signal. This discovery provides a new method to achieve single molecule detection. At the same time, it also has many important applications for multi-photon imaging and other nonlinear optical processes, such as four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shu Chen
- School of Physical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Kaijun Mu
- School of Physical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunzhen Fan
- School of Physical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Erjun Liang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, Zhengzhou, 450015, China
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121
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Liang Y, Li L, Lu M, Yuan H, Long Z, Peng W, Xu T. Comparative investigation of sensing behaviors between gap and lattice plasmon modes in a metallic nanoring array. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:548-555. [PMID: 29185577 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures have become the most promising candidates for biosensing applications because of their miniature sizes, ease of integration, and high-throughput detection. Both propagating and localized surface plasmon modes in the nanostructures have been used for sensing and biomolecular detection. However, to maximize the biosensing potential of nanostructures, the choice of an optimized sensing detection strategy among two plasmon modes depends on the relationship between the biomolecule sizes and field decay length of plasmon modes. Here, we propose and investigate plasmonic coupling on a single-crystalline gold film, wherein there are two distinct optical modes, a gap mode (localized surface plasmon) originating from the parallel coupling of a nanoring and a surface lattice mode (propagating surface plasmon) originating from the anti-parallel coupling of a nanoring in an array. The sensing performances of the above two modes are thoroughly investigated and compared by considering two aspects, i.e., bulk and surface sensitivities. It is demonstrated that there is a reciprocal relationship between bulk and surface sensitivities for two modes, which also illustrates that the surface sensitivity is indispensable to fully describe the sensing performance of nanostructures. Furthermore, due to their different decay lengths, the gap and surface lattice modes on a single optical substrate can achieve simultaneous detection of target analytes with various sizes. Therefore, we can provide a high performance sensing platform based on a metallic nanoring array for a broad range of biomolecules with various sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhang Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Xu S, Bai X, Wang L. Exploration of photothermal sensors based on photothermally responsive materials: a brief review. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal sensors have emerged as a new type of sensor platform in recent decades and this brief review has summarized different types of photothermally responsive materials and their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xilin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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123
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Zhu W, Agrawal A, Lezec H, Li L, Peng W, Zou Y, Lu Y, Xu T. Subradiant Dipolar Interactions in Plasmonic Nanoring Resonator Array for Integrated Label-Free Biosensing. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1796-1804. [PMID: 29139285 PMCID: PMC5834653 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the development of advanced nanofabrication technologies over the past decade, plasmonic nanostructures have attracted wide attention for their potential in label-free biosensing applications. However, the sensing performance of nanostructured plasmonic sensors is primarily limited by the broad-line-width features with low peak-to-dip signal ratio in the extinction spectra that result from strong radiative damping. Here, we propose and systematically investigate the in-plane and out-of-plane dipolar interactions in an array of plasmonic nanoring resonators that are from the spatial combination of classic nanohole and nanodisk structures. Originating from the strong coupling of the dipolar modes from parent nanohole and nanodisk structures, the subradiant lattice plasmon resonance in the nanoring resonator array exhibits narrow-line width spectral features with high peak-to-dip signal ratio and strong near-field electromagnetic enhancement, making it an ideal platform for high-sensitivity chemical and biomedical sensing. We experimentally demonstrate that the plasmonic nanoring resonator array can be used for high-sensitivity refractive index sensing and real-time monitoring of biomolecular specific binding interactions at nanomolar concentration. Moreover, due to its simple normal incident illumination scheme and polarization independent optical response, we further transfer the plasmonic nanoring resonator array onto the optical fiber tip to demonstrate an integrated and miniaturized platform for label-free remote biosensing, which implies that the plasmonic nanoring resonator array may be a potential candidate for developing high performance and highly integrated photonic biosensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhang Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Henri Lezec
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ting Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Liu JN, Huang Q, Liu KK, Singamaneni S, Cunningham BT. Nanoantenna-Microcavity Hybrids with Highly Cooperative Plasmonic-Photonic Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7569-7577. [PMID: 29078049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoantennas offer the ultimate spatial control over light by concentrating optical energy well below the diffraction limit, whereas their quality factor (Q) is constrained by large radiative and dissipative losses. Dielectric microcavities, on the other hand, are capable of generating a high Q-factor through an extended photon storage time but have a diffraction-limited optical mode volume. Here we bridge the two worlds, by studying an exemplary hybrid system integrating plasmonic gold nanorods acting as nanoantennas with an on-resonance dielectric photonic crystal (PC) slab acting as a low-loss microcavity and, more importantly, by synergistically combining their advantages to produce a much stronger local field enhancement than that of the separate entities. To achieve this synergy between the two polar opposite types of nanophotonic resonant elements, we show that it is crucial to coordinate both the dissipative loss of the nanoantenna and the Q-factor of the low-loss cavity. In comparison to the antenna-cavity coupling approach using a Fabry-Perot resonator, which has proved successful for resonant amplification of the antenna's local field intensity, we theoretically and experimentally show that coupling to a modest-Q PC guided resonance can produce a greater amplification by at least an order of magnitude. The synergistic nanoantenna-microcavity hybrid strategy opens new opportunities for further enhancing nanoscale light-matter interactions to benefit numerous areas such as nonlinear optics, nanolasers, plasmonic hot carrier technology, and surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Nung Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Qinglan Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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125
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Electrically Tunable Fano Resonance from the Coupling between Interband Transition in Monolayer Graphene and Magnetic Dipole in Metamaterials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17117. [PMID: 29215032 PMCID: PMC5719391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fano resonance modulated effectively by external perturbations can find more flexible and important applications in practice. We theoretically study electrically tunable Fano resonance with asymmetric line shape over an extremely narrow frequency range in the reflection spectra of metamaterials. The metamaterials are composed of a metal nanodisk array on graphene, a dielectric spacer, and a metal substrate. The near-field plasmon hybridization between individual metal nanodisks and the metal substrate results into the excitation of a broad magnetic dipole. There exists a narrow interband transition dependent of Fermi energy Ef, which manifests itself as a sharp spectral feature in the effective permittivity εg of graphene. The coupling of the narrow interband transition to the broad magnetic dipole leads to the appearance of Fano resonance, which can be electrically tuned by applying a bias voltage to graphene to change Ef. The Fano resonance will shift obviously and its asymmetric line shape will become more pronounced, when Ef is changed for the narrow interband transition to progressively approach the broad magnetic dipole.
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126
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Wu Y, Li G, Camden JP. Probing Nanoparticle Plasmons with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2994-3031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Guoliang Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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127
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Abstract
In this work, we address the ubiquitous phenomenon of Fano resonances in bilayer graphene. We consider that this phenomenon is as exotic as other phenomena in graphene because it can arise without an external extended states source or elaborate nano designs. However, there are not theoretical and/or experimental studies that report the impact of Fano resonances on the transport properties. Here, we carry out a systematic assessment of the contribution of the Fano resonances on the transport properties of bilayer graphene superlattices. Specifically, we find that by changing the number of periods, adjusting the barriers height as well as modifying the barriers and wells width it is possible to identify the contribution of Fano resonances on the conductance. Particularly, the coupling of Fano resonances with the intrinsic minibands of the superlattice gives rise to specific and identifiable changes in the conductance. Moreover, by reducing the angular range for the computation of the transport properties it is possible to obtain conductance curves with line-shapes quite similar to the Fano profile and the coupling profile between Fano resonance and miniband states. In fact, these conductance features could serve as unequivocal characteristic of the existence of Fano resonances in bilayer graphene.
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128
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Qin M, Wang L, Zhai X, Chen D, Xia S. Generating and Manipulating High Quality Factors of Fano Resonance in Nanoring Resonator by Stacking a Half Nanoring. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:578. [PMID: 29098493 PMCID: PMC5668229 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of Fano resonance spectral response in a system of nanoscale plasmonic resonant ring stacked by means of a half nanoring. Our proposed scheme exploits the stacked method under normal incidence to excite the subradiant mode. The nanostructure, which utilizes the combination of Fano resonance and polarization-resolved, has a new rotation mode and high tunability, providing a dynamic control of plasmonic spectral response. High-quality resonant line shapes corresponding to the different order modes of Fano structures are readily achieved at near-infrared wavelengths, which is a benefit to the application for nanosensor in highly integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dechao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shengxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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129
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Yan Z, Wen X, Gu P, Zhong H, Zhan P, Chen Z, Wang Z. Double Fano resonances in an individual metallic nanostructure for high sensing sensitivity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:475203. [PMID: 29086757 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the design and observation of double Fano resonances (DFRs) in an individual symmetry-reduced nanostructure and the induced high sensing sensitivity. Such a plasmonic nanostructure consists of a partially overlapped double-metallic nanotriangles with unequal sizes fabricated by using fast and low-cost angle-resolved nanosphere lithography. Symmetry breaking generates two narrow quadrupolar dark modes, which further enhance the coupling with fundamental bright dipole modes within the same structure, manifesting the effect of DFRs. The resonance wavelength and line shape of DFRs can be tailored by changing the degree of asymmetry as well as the size of the designed nanostructure. Based on DFRs, a high sensitivity to dielectric environment with a maximum figure of merit of 35 is measured. Due to a fast manufacturing process with high reproducibility and high structural tunability, the fabricated individual metallic nanostructure provides an opportunity for significant potential applications in localized surface plasmon resonance based single or double-wavelength sensors in the near-infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yan
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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130
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A low lasing threshold and widely tunable spaser based on two dark surface plasmons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13590. [PMID: 29051503 PMCID: PMC5648854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a low threshold and widely tunable spaser based on a plasmonic nanostructure consisting of two sets of disk-rings (TSDR). The TSDR nanostructure supports two dark surface plasmons (SPs), which are excited simultaneously by two bright SPs at Fano dips. The two dark SPs support lower effective mode volume, higher quality factor and higher Purcell factors. When the dark SPs serve as the pumping and lasing mode of a spaser, the spaser has a lower lasing threshold, a higher pump absorption efficiency and a lower threshold absorbed pump power than the spaser based on a bright SP. In addition, the lasing and pumping wavelengths of the spaser proposed in this article can each be tuned over a very wide wavelength range. Our results should be significant for the development of spasers.
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131
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Zhou Z, Yu Y, Sun N, Möhwald H, Gu P, Wang L, Zhang W, König TAF, Fery A, Zhang G. Broad-Range Electrically Tunable Plasmonic Resonances of a Multilayer Coaxial Nanohole Array with an Electroactive Polymer Wrapper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35244-35252. [PMID: 28925685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic assemblies featuring high sensitivity that can be readily shifted by external fields are the key for sensitive and versatile sensing devices. In this paper, a novel fast-responsive plasmonic nanocomposite composed of a multilayer nanohole array and a responsive electrochromic polymer is proposed with the plasmonic mode appearance vigorously cycled upon orthogonal electrical stimuli. In this nanocomposite, the coaxially stacked plasmonic nanohole arrays can induce multiple intense Fano resonances, which result from the crosstalk between a broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the designed discrete transmission peaks with ultrahigh sensitivity; the polymer wrapper could provide the sensitive nanohole array with real-time-varied surroundings of refractive indices upon electrical stimuli. Therefore, a pronounced pure electroplasmonic shift up to 72 nm is obtained, which is the largest pure electrotuning SPR range to our knowledge. The stacked nanohole arrays here are also directly used as a working electrode, and they ensure sufficient contact between the working electrode (plasmonic structure) and the electroactive polymer, thus providing considerably improved response speed (within 1 s) for real-time sensing and switching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Yu
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tobias A F König
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Technische Universitat Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V , Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED), Technische Universitat Dresden , D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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132
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Liu SD, Wang ZX, Wang WJ, Chen JD, Chen ZH. High Q-factor with the excitation of anapole modes in dielectric split nanodisk arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:22375-22387. [PMID: 29041549 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous realization of high Q-factor resonances and strong near-field enhancements around and inside of dielectric nanostructures is important for many applications in nanophotonics. However, the incident fields are often confined within dielectric nanoparticles, which results in poor optical interactions with external environment. Near-field enhancements can be extended outside of dielectric nanostructures with proper design, but the Q-factor is often reduced caused by additional radiation losses. This paper shows that the obstacles to achieve high Q-factor, that is, the radiative losses can be effectively suppressed by using dielectric nanodisk arrays, where the Q-factor is about one order larger than that of the single disks associated with the nonradiating anapole modes and the collective oscillations of the arrays. When the resonance energies of the electric dipole mode and the subradiant mode are degenerate with each other, the destructive interference produces an effect analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency. Furthermore, the Q-factor can be extremely enlarged with dielectric split nanodisk arrays, where the present of the split gap does not induce additional losses. Instead, the coupling between the two interfering modes is modified by adjusting the gap width, which makes it possible to achieve high Q-factor and strong near-field enhancements around and inside of the split disks simultaneously. It is shown that the Q-factor is approaching to 106 when the gap width is about 110 nm, and the near-field enhancements around and inside of the split disks are about two orders stronger than that of the single disk.
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133
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Zhao J, Fu Y, Liu Z, Zhou J. Optical chirality breaking in a bilayered chiral metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:23051-23059. [PMID: 29041609 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a planar optical bilayered chiral metamaterial, which consists of periodic metallic arrays of two L-shaped structures and a nanorod twisted on both sides of a dielectric slab, to investigate the optical chirality breaking effect by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Even the metamaterial is with chiral symmetry, an optical chirality breaking window in the asymmetric transmission pass band is obtained in chiral metamaterial structure. We analyze the plasmonic mode properties and attribute the mechanism of the optical chirality breaking effect to the plasmonic analogue of EIT. The optical chirality breaking window can be modulated by changing the geometric parameters of the nanorods in the structure.
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134
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Qin F, Lai Y, Yang J, Cui X, Ma H, Wang J, Lin HQ. Deep Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence in gold nanoplate-nanosphere heterodimers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13222-13234. [PMID: 28853475 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic Fano resonance arises from the destructive interference between a superradiant and a subradiant plasmon mode that overlap spectrally with each other. Because of its importance in revealing many physical phenomena and its applications in sensing, metamaterials, photoswitching and spectroscopy, a variety of metal nanostructures have been fabricated to generate Fano resonance. However, few metal nanostructures can support deep Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence. Herein, we report on the observation of deep Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence in Au nanoplate-nanosphere heterodimers. Experiments and simulations reveal that the presence of a nanosphere at one side edge or one vertex of the nanoplate causes distinct Fano resonance. With increasing nanosphere sizes, the shape of the scattering spectrum becomes more asymmetric, with the Fano dip getting deeper correspondingly. When the nanosphere diameter reaches 68 nm, the Fano dip almost reaches the spectral background. Moreover, the heterodimers with the nanosphere attached to one vertex of the nanoplate exhibit Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence. Such heterodimers are very attractive for constructing polarization-controlled plasmonic Fano switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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135
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Liu W, Li L, Yang S, Gao J, Wang R. Self‐Assembly of Heterogeneously Shaped Nanoparticles into Plasmonic Metamolecules on DNA Origami. Chemistry 2017; 23:14177-14181. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- Center for Research in Energy and Environment Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
| | - Risheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 USA
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136
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Ren Y, Hu S, Ji B, Zou P, Liu L, Li Y. Fano resonance in Al nano-dolmen plasmonic structure for enhanced biosensing. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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137
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Ren J, Wang G, Qiu W, Lin Z, Chen H, Qiu P, Wang JX, Kan Q, Pan JQ. Optimization of the Fano Resonance Lineshape Based on Graphene Plasmonic Hexamer in Mid-Infrared Frequencies. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7090238. [PMID: 28846593 PMCID: PMC5618349 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the lineshape of Fano-like resonance of graphene plasmonic oligomers is investigated as a function of the parameters of the nanostructures, such as disk size, chemical potential and electron momentum relaxation time in mid-infrared frequencies. Also, the mechanism of the optimization is discussed. Furthermore, the environmental index sensing effect of the proposed structure is revealed, and a figure of merit of 25.58 is achieved with the optimized graphene oligomer. The proposed nanostructure could find applications in the fields of chemical or biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Guangqing Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Weibin Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Zhili Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Houbo Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Pingping Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jia-Xian Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Qiang Kan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China.
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China.
| | - Jiao-Qing Pan
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China.
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China.
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138
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Q-factor enhancement of Fano resonance in all-dielectric metasurfaces by modulating meta-atom interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8128. [PMID: 28811516 PMCID: PMC5557801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We numerically investigated the effects of meta-atom interactions on the Fano resonance in all-dielectric metasurfaces by introducing alternately flipped asymmetric paired bars (APBs) and split asymmetric paired bars (SAPBs). With alternately flipped configurations, the Q-factor of the Fano resonance is significantly enhanced up to one order of magnitude, and the electric field is strengthened by more than twice. Abnormally, the Q-factor increases with gap size in the alternately flipped SAPBs. These are attributed to the destructive interaction among nearest-neighbor dipole resonators. The Q-factor of 108 and Raman enhancement factor of 109 in the gap can be realized with the alternately flipped SAPBs made of Si. Our study provides a way to improve performance of practical devices such as ultrasensitive sensors, nonlinear optics, and quantum emitters.
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139
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Li Z, Liu W, Li Z, Cheng H, Chen S, Tian J. Fano-resonance-based mode-matching hybrid metasurface for enhanced second-harmonic generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3117-3120. [PMID: 28809887 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures have been considered as potential candidates for enhancing the nonlinear upconversion rate at nanoscale levels due to their strong near-field enhancement. Here, we propose a Fano-resonance-based mode-matching hybrid metasurface that combines the advantages of Fano resonances and mode-matching for boosting second-harmonic conversion. A confined and strong near-field intensity is generated by gold nanoantennas within the volume of polycrystalline zinc sulfide nanoparticles, thus resulting in a larger effective second-harmonic coefficient. The combination of the abovementioned features allows for the realization of a second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency of 5.55×10-8, and the SHG signal is twice that obtained with dipole hybrid metasurfaces. Our designed metasurface may pave the way for optimizing nonlinear light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
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140
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Wang Y, Sun C, Li H, Gong Q, Chen J. Self-reference plasmonic sensors based on double Fano resonances. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11085-11092. [PMID: 28741643 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity plasmonic refractive index sensors show great applications in the areas of biomedical diagnostics, healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring, homeland security, and chemical reactions. However, the unstable and complicated environments considerably limit their practical applications. By employing the independent double Fano resonances in a simple metallic grating, we experimentally demonstrate a self-reference plasmonic sensor, which significantly reduces the error contributions of the light intensity fluctuations in the long-distance propagation and local temperature variations at the metallic grating, and the detection accuracy is guaranteed. The numerical simulation shows that the two Fano resonances have different origins and are independent of each other. As a result, the left Fano resonance is quite sensitive to the refractive index variations above the metal surface, while the right Fano resonance is insensitive to that. Experimentally, a high figure of merit (FOM) of 31 RIU-1 and a FOM* of 860 RIU-1 are realized by using the left Fano resonance. More importantly, by using the right Fano resonance as a reference signal, the influence of the light intensity fluctuations and local temperature variations is monitored and eliminated in the experiment. This simple self-reference plasmonic sensor based on the double Fano resonances may find important applications in highly-sensitive and accurate sensing under unstable and complicated environments, as well as multi-parameter sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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141
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Tobing LYM, Goh GY, Mueller AD, Ke L, Luo Y, Zhang DH. Polarization invariant plasmonic nanostructures for sensing applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7539. [PMID: 28790439 PMCID: PMC5548906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optics-based sensing platform working under unpolarized light illumination is of practical importance in the sensing applications. For this reason, sensing platforms based on localized surface plasmons are preferred to their integrated optics counterparts for their simple mode excitation and inexpensive implementation. However, their optical response under unpolarized light excitation is typically weak due to their strong polarization dependence. Herein, the role of rotational symmetry for realizing robust sensing platform exhibiting strong optical contrast and high sensitivity is explored. Specifically, gammadion and star-shaped gold nanostructures with different internal and external rotational symmetries are fabricated and studied in detail, from which their mode characteristics are demonstrated as superposition of their constituent longitudinal plasmons that are in conductive coupling with each other. We demonstrate that introducing and increasing internal rotational symmetry would lead to the enhancement in optical contrast up to ~3x under unpolarized light illumination. Finally, we compare the sensing performances of rotationally symmetric gold nanostructures with a more rigorous figure-of-merit based on sensitivity, Q-factor, and spectral contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landobasa Y M Tobing
- Nanophotonics Lab, School of EEE, OPTIMUS, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Geat-Yee Goh
- Nanophotonics Lab, School of EEE, OPTIMUS, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Aaron D Mueller
- Nanophotonics Lab, School of EEE, OPTIMUS, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Ke
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, Agency of Science, Technology (A*Star), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
| | - Yu Luo
- Nanophotonics Lab, School of EEE, OPTIMUS, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dao-Hua Zhang
- Nanophotonics Lab, School of EEE, OPTIMUS, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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142
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Hajebifard A, Berini P. Fano resonances in plasmonic heptamer nano-hole arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:18566-18580. [PMID: 29041055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.018566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of gold heptamer nanohole arrays have been investigated theoretically and numerically. This structure support pronounced Fano resonances with high transmittance (~50%) and narrow bandwidths (down to 12 nm). The Fano features arise from the interference between light directly transmitted through the holes, and light indirectly scattered through the excitation of localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs), propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), or/and waves related to Wood's anomaly (WA). The mechanisms behind the generation of these resonances are revealed by observing near-field distributions, altering the structural parameters and applying the Bloch wave model. Furthermore, it is shown that Fano resonances associated with LSPPs exhibit high surface (2 nm/nm) and bulk sensitivities (400 nm/RIU). However, the highest figure of merit (~24 RIU-1) occurs for a Fano resonance involving a WA and SPP mode.
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143
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Luo W, Cai W, Xiang Y, Wu W, Shi B, Jiang X, Zhang N, Ren M, Zhang X, Xu J. In-Plane Electrical Connectivity and Near-Field Concentration of Isolated Graphene Resonators Realized by Ion Beams. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701083. [PMID: 28605072 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene plasmons provide great opportunities in light-matter interactions benefiting from the extreme confinement and electrical tunability. Structured graphene cavities possess enhanced confinements in 3D and steerable plasmon resonances, potential in applications for sensing and emission control at the nanoscale. Besides graphene boundaries obtained by mask lithography, graphene defects engineered by ion beams have shown efficient plasmon reflections. In this paper, near-field responses of structured graphene achieved by ion beam direct-writing are investigated. Graphene nanoresonators are fabricated easily and precisely with a spatial resolution better than 30 nm. Breathing modes are observed in graphene disks. The amorphous carbons around weaken the response of edge modes in the resonators, but meanwhile render the isolated resonators in-plane electrical connections, where near-fields are proved gate-tunable. The realization of gate-tunable near-fields of graphene 2D resonators opens up tunable near-field couplings with matters. Moreover, graphene nonconcentric rings with engineered near-field confinement distributions are demonstrated, where the quadrupole plasmon modes are excited. Near-field mappings reveal concentrations at the scale of 3.8×10-4λ02 within certain zones which can be engineered. The realization of electrically tunable graphene nanoresonators by ion beam direct-writing is promising for active manipulation of emission and sensing at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yinxiao Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Bin Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaojie Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Mengxin Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
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144
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Metamaterials and Metasurfaces for Sensor Applications. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081726. [PMID: 28749422 PMCID: PMC5579738 DOI: 10.3390/s17081726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs) and metasurfaces (MSs) are artificial media and surfaces with subwavelength separations of meta-atoms designed for anomalous manipulations of light properties. Owing to large scattering cross-sections of metallic/dielectric meta-atoms, it is possible to not only localize strong electromagnetic fields in deep subwavelength volume but also decompose and analyze incident light signal with ultracompact setup using MMs and MSs. Hence, by probing resonant spectral responses from extremely boosted interactions between analyte layer and optical MMs or MSs, sensing the variation of refractive index has been a popular and practical application in the field of photonics. Moreover, decomposing and analyzing incident light signal can be easily achieved with anisotropic MSs, which can scatter light to different directions according to its polarization or wavelength. In this paper, we present recent advances and potential applications of optical MMs and MSs for refractive index sensing and sensing light properties, which can be easily integrated with various electronic devices. The characteristics and performances of devices are summarized and compared qualitatively with suggestions of design guidelines.
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145
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Zhao Z, Cao Y, Cai Y, Yang J, He X, Nordlander P, Cremer PS. Oblique Colloidal Lithography for the Fabrication of Nonconcentric Features. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6594-6604. [PMID: 28704035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of oblique colloidal lithography (OCL) and establish a systematic patterning strategy for creating libraries of nanosized nonconcentric plasmonic structures. This strategy combines OCL, capillary force lithography, and several wet and ion etching steps. Hexagonal arrays of nonconcentric gold features were created on glass substrates with highly controllable geometric parameters. The size, geometry, and eccentricity of the gold features could be independently tuned by controlling the experimental conditions. Gaps within surface elements could be shrunk to as small as 30 nm, while the total patterned area was about l cm2. The goal was to devise a method that offers a high degree of control over the resolution and morphology of asymmetric structures without the need to resort to electron beam lithography. This technique also enabled the development of numerous surface patterns through the stepwise fabrication of separate elements. Complex features, including dots-surrounded nonconcentric targets, nonconcentric hexagram-disks, and nonconcentric annular aperture arrays, were demonstrated, and their optical properties were characterized. Indeed, spectroscopic studies and FDTD simulations demonstrated that Fano resonances could readily be generated by the nonconcentric gold features. Consequently, our patterning strategy should enable the high-throughput investigation of plasmonic coupling and Fano resonances as a function of the physical parameters of the elements within the nanopattern array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , 781 E. Terrace Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Yangjun Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Ximin He
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , 781 E. Terrace Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Paul S Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
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146
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McPolin CPT, Olivier N, Bouillard JS, O'Connor D, Krasavin AV, Dickson W, Wurtz GA, Zayats AV. Universal switching of plasmonic signals using optical resonator modes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16237. [PMID: 30167256 PMCID: PMC6062243 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose and investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, a novel mechanism for switching and modulating plasmonic signals based on a Fano interference process, which arises from the coupling between a narrow-band optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) source. The SPP wave emitted from the cavity is actively modulated in the vicinity of the cavity resonances by altering the cavity Q-factor and/or resonant frequencies. We experimentally demonstrate dynamic SPP modulation both by mechanical control of the cavity length and all-optically by harnessing the ultrafast nonlinearity of the Au mirrors that form the cavity. An electro-optical modulation scheme is also proposed and numerically illustrated. Dynamic operation of the switch via mechanical means yields a modulation in the SPP coupling efficiency of ~80%, while the all-optical control provides an ultrafast modulation with an efficiency of 30% at a rate of ~0.6 THz. The experimental observations are supported by both analytical and numerical calculations of the mechanical, all-optical and electro-optical modulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian PT McPolin
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Nicolas Olivier
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Jean-Sebastien Bouillard
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Wayne Dickson
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Gregory A Wurtz
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Present address: University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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147
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Fano resonance with high local field enhancement under azimuthally polarized excitation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1049. [PMID: 28432309 PMCID: PMC5430847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Being an enabling technology for applications such as ultrasensitive biosensing and surface enhanced spectroscopy, enormous research interests have been focused on further boosting the local field enhancement at Fano resonance. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic Fano resonance resulting from the interference between a narrow magnetic dipole mode and a broad electric dipole mode in a split-ring resonator (SRR) coupled to a nanoarc structure. Strikingly, when subjected to an azimuthally polarized beam (APB) excitation, the intensity enhancement becomes more than 60 times larger than that for a linearly polarized beam (LPB). We attribute this intensity enhancement to the improved conversion efficiency between the excitation and magnetic dipole mode along with improved near-field coupling. The APB excited Fano structure is further used as a nanoruler and beam misalignment sensor, due to the high sensitivity of intensity enhancement and scattering spectra to structure irregularities and excitation beam misalignment. Interestingly, we find that, regardless of the presence of structural translations, the proposed structure still maintains over 60 times better intensity enhancement under APB excitation compared to LPB excitation. Moreover, even if the APB excitation is somewhat misaligned, our Fano structure still manages to give a larger intensity enhancement than its counterpart excited by LPB.
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148
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Qian Z, Ginger DS. Reversibly Reconfigurable Colloidal Plasmonic Nanomaterials. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5266-5276. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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149
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Huang LC, Wang Z, Clark JK, Ho YL, Delaunay JJ. Plasmonic tooth-multilayer structure with high enhancement field for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:125206. [PMID: 28170345 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5ebf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The significant enhancement seen in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) heavily relies on the ability of plasmonic structures to strongly confine light. Current techniques used to fabricate plasmonic nanostructures have been limited in their reproducibility for bottom-up techniques or their feature size for top-down techniques. Here, we propose a tooth multilayer structure that can be fabricated by using physical vapor deposition and selective wet etching, achieving extremely small feature sizes and high reproducibility. A multilayer structure composed of two alternating materials whose thicknesses can be controlled accurately in the nanometer range is deposited on a flat substrate using ion-beam sputtering. Subsequent selective wet etching is used to form nanogaps in one of the materials constituting the multilayer, with the depth of the nanogaps being controlled by the wet etching time. Combining both techniques can allow the nanogap dimensions to be controlled at sub 10 nm length scale, thus achieving a tooth multilayer structure with high enhancement and tunability of the resonance mode over a broad range, ideal for SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Huang
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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150
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Coherent selection of invisible high-order electromagnetic excitations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44488. [PMID: 28295021 PMCID: PMC5353631 DOI: 10.1038/srep44488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-field spectroscopy and mapping of electromagnetic near-field distribution are the two dominant tools for analysis and characterization of the electromagnetic response in nanophotonics. Despite the widespread use, these methods can fail at identifying weak electromagnetic excitations masked by stronger neighboring excitations. This is particularly problematic in ultrafast nanophotonics, including optical sensing, nonlinear optics and nanolasers, where the broad resonant modes can overlap to a significant degree. Here, using plasmonic metamaterials, we demonstrate that coherent spectroscopy can conveniently isolate and detect such hidden high-order photonic excitations. Our results establish that the coherent spectroscopy is a powerful new tool. It complements the conventional methods for analysis of the electromagnetic response, and provides a new route to designing and characterizing novel photonic devices and materials.
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