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Bravo-Osuna I, Vicario-de-la-Torre M, Andrés-Guerrero V, Sánchez-Nieves J, Guzmán-Navarro M, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, de Las Heras B, Argüeso P, Ponchel G, Herrero-Vanrell R, Molina-Martínez IT. Novel Water-Soluble Mucoadhesive Carbosilane Dendrimers for Ocular Administration. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2966-76. [PMID: 27149661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the potential use of water-soluble anionic and cationic carbosilane dendrimers (generations 1-3) as mucoadhesive polymers in eyedrop formulations. Cationic carbosilane dendrimers decorated with ammonium -NH3(+) groups were prepared by hydrosylilation of Boc-protected allylamine and followed by deprotection with HCl. Anionic carbosilane dendrimers with terminal carboxylate groups were also employed in this study. In vitro and in vivo tolerance studies were performed in human ocular epithelial cell lines and rabbit eyes respectively. The interaction of dendrimers with transmembrane ocular mucins was evaluated with a surface biosensor. As proof of concept, the hypotensive effect of a carbosilane dendrimer eyedrop formulation containing acetazolamide (ACZ), a poorly water-soluble drug with limited ocular penetration, was tested after instillation in normotensive rabbits. The methodology used to synthesize cationic dendrimers avoids the difficulty of obtaining neutral -NH2 dendrimers that require harsher reaction conditions and also present high aggregation tendency. Tolerance studies demonstrated that both prototypes of water-soluble anionic and cationic carbosilane dendrimers were well tolerated in a range of concentrations between 5 and 10 μM. Permanent interactions between cationic carbosilane dendrimers and ocular mucins were observed using biosensor assays, predominantly for the generation-three (G3) dendrimer. An eyedrop formulation containing G3 cationic carbosilane dendrimers (5 μM) and ACZ (0.07%) (289.4 mOsm; 5.6 pH; 41.7 mN/m) induced a rapid (onset time 1 h) and extended (up to 7 h) hypotensive effect, and led to a significant increment in the efficacy determined by AUC0(8h) and maximal intraocular pressure reduction. This work takes advantage of the high-affinity interaction between cationic carbosilane dendrimers and ocular transmembrane mucins, as well as the tensioactive behavior observed for these polymers. Our results indicate that low amounts of cationic carbosilane dendrimers are well tolerated and able to improve the hypotensive effect of an acetazolamide solution. Our results suggest that carbosilane dendrimers can be used in a safe range of concentrations to enhance the bioavailability of drugs topically administered in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bravo-Osuna
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III , Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vicario-de-la-Torre
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III , Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Andrés-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III , Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alcalá , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M Guzmán-Navarro
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá de Henares , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - F J de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alcalá , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - R Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alcalá , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Plaza San Diego, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - B de Las Heras
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - G Ponchel
- CNRS UMR 8612, Université de Paris Sud, Laboratoire de Physicochimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud 5 , rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92 296 Châtenay-Malabry, Paris, France
| | - R Herrero-Vanrell
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III , Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I T Molina-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Pharmaceutical Innovation in Ophthalmology Research Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) and the Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III , Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense , Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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102
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Kaga S, Arslan M, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Dendrimers and Dendrons as Versatile Building Blocks for the Fabrication of Functional Hydrogels. Molecules 2016; 21:497. [PMID: 27092481 PMCID: PMC6273238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as a versatile class of polymeric materials with a wide range of applications in biomedical sciences. The judicious choice of hydrogel precursors allows one to introduce the necessary attributes to these materials that dictate their performance towards intended applications. Traditionally, hydrogels were fabricated using either polymerization of monomers or through crosslinking of polymers. In recent years, dendrimers and dendrons have been employed as well-defined building blocks in these materials. The multivalent and multifunctional nature of dendritic constructs offers advantages in either formulation or the physical and chemical properties of the obtained hydrogels. This review highlights various approaches utilized for the fabrication of hydrogels using well-defined dendrimers, dendrons and their polymeric conjugates. Examples from recent literature are chosen to illustrate the wide variety of hydrogels that have been designed using dendrimer- and dendron-based building blocks for applications, such as sensing, drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Kaga
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova 77100, Turkey.
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.
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103
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Ghobril C, Rodriguez EK, Nazarian A, Grinstaff MW. Recent Advances in Dendritic Macromonomers for Hydrogel Formation and Their Medical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1235-52. [PMID: 26978246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels represent one of the most important classes of biomaterials and are of interest for various medical applications including wound repair, tissue engineering, and drug release. Hydrogels possess tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and similarity to natural soft tissues. The need for hydrogels with specific properties, based on the design requirements of the in vitro, in vivo, or clinical application, motivates researchers to develop new synthetic approaches and cross-linking methodologies to form novel hydrogels with unique properties. The use of dendritic macromonomers represents one elegant strategy for the formation of hydrogels with specific properties. Specifically, the uniformity of dendrimers combined with the control of their size, architecture, density, and surface groups make them promising cross-linkers for hydrogel formation. Over the last two decades, a large variety of dendritic-based hydrogels are reported for their potential use in the clinic. This review describes the state of the art with these different dendritic hydrogel formulations including their design requirements, the synthetic routes, the measurement and determination of their properties, the evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo performances, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Ghobril
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Medicine, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Edward K Rodriguez
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Medicine, Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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104
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Parker J, Mitrousis N, Shoichet MS. Hydrogel for Simultaneous Tunable Growth Factor Delivery and Enhanced Viability of Encapsulated Cells in Vitro. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:476-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly
Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Mitrousis
- Donnelly
Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly
Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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105
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Zhao F, Yao D, Guo R, Deng L, Dong A, Zhang J. Composites of Polymer Hydrogels and Nanoparticulate Systems for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:2054-2130. [PMID: 28347111 PMCID: PMC5304774 DOI: 10.3390/nano5042054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique structures and properties, three-dimensional hydrogels and nanostructured particles have been widely studied and shown a very high potential for medical, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, hydrogels and nanoparticulate systems have respective disadvantages that limit their widespread applications. Recently, the incorporation of nanostructured fillers into hydrogels has been developed as an innovative means for the creation of novel materials with diverse functionality in order to meet new challenges. In this review, the fundamentals of hydrogels and nanoparticles (NPs) were briefly discussed, and then we comprehensively summarized recent advances in the design, synthesis, functionalization and application of nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced mechanical, biological and physicochemical properties. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities for the use of these promising materials in the biomedical sector, especially the nanocomposite hydrogels produced from hydrogels and polymeric NPs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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106
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Park CG, Kim YK, Kim MJ, Park M, Kim MH, Lee SH, Choi SY, Lee WS, Chung YJ, Jung YE, Park KH, Choy YB. Mucoadhesive microparticles with a nanostructured surface for enhanced bioavailability of glaucoma drug. J Control Release 2015; 220:180-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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107
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Delplace V, Payne S, Shoichet M. Delivery strategies for treatment of age-related ocular diseases: From a biological understanding to biomaterial solutions. J Control Release 2015; 219:652-668. [PMID: 26435454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Age-related ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, result in life-long functional deficits and enormous global health care costs. As the worldwide population ages, vision loss has become a major concern for both economic and human health reasons. Due to recent research into biomaterials and nanotechnology major advances have been gained in the field of ocular delivery. This review provides a summary and discussion of the most recent strategies employed for the delivery of both drugs and cells to the eye to treat a variety of age-related diseases. It emphasizes the current challenges and limitations to ocular delivery and how the use of innovative materials can overcome these issues and ultimately provide treatment for age-related degeneration and regeneration of lost tissues. This review also provides critical considerations and an outlook for future studies in the field of ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Delplace
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Samantha Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Molly Shoichet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
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108
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Lai JY, Luo LJ. Antioxidant Gallic Acid-Functionalized Biodegradable in Situ Gelling Copolymers for Cytoprotective Antiglaucoma Drug Delivery Systems. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2950-63. [PMID: 26248008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In clinical ophthalmology, oxidative stress has been proposed as the initiating cause of ocular hypertension, which is one of the risk factors for glaucomatous damage and disease progression. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic efficacy of intracamerally administered pilocarpine, herein, a cytoprotective antiglaucoma drug delivery system composed of antioxidant gallic acid (GA)-functionalized gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GN) biodegradable in situ gelling copolymer was developed for the first time. Analyses by UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies showed the formation of biopolymer-antioxidant covalent linkages in GNGA structures through a radical reaction in the presence of water-soluble redox initiators. The synthesized GNGA polymers with strong free radical scavenging effectiveness exhibited appropriate phase transition temperature and degradation rate as injectable bioerodible depots for minimally invasive pilocarpine delivery to the ocular anterior chamber. During the 2-week in vitro study, the sustained releases of sufficient amounts of pilocarpine for a therapeutic action in alleviating ocular hypertension could be achieved under physiological conditions. Results of cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, and intracellular calcium concentration indicated that the incorporation of antioxidant GA into GN structure can enhance cytoprotective effects of carrier materials against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in lens epithelial cultures. Effective pharmacological responses (i.e., reduction of intraocular pressure and preservation of corneal endothelial cell morphology and density) in rabbits receiving intracameral GNGA injections containing pilocarpine were evidenced by clinical observations. The findings of in vivo studies also support the hypothesis that the GNGA carriers are more advantageous over their GN counterparts for the improvement of total antioxidant status in glaucomatous eyes with chronic ocular hypertension. The synthesized multifunctional molecules may be further used as potential polymer therapeutics for intraocular delivery of bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan, Taiwan 33305, Republic of China
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109
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Beack S, Choi JS, Lee JH, Kim H, Kim KH, Joo CK, Hahn SK. Two-photon microscopy of a Flt1 peptide-hyaluronate conjugate. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2315-24. [PMID: 26228271 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Two-photon microscopy was performed to visualize ocular distribution of Flt1 peptide-hyaluronate (HA) conjugate micelles for eye drop treatment of corneal neovascularization. MATERIALS & METHODS Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate micelles were topically administered to the eye for two-photon microscopy and antiangiogenic effect assessment after silver nitrate cauterization. RESULTS In vivo two-photon microscopy revealed that Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate micelles were absorbed and remained on the corneal epithelia with an increased residence time, facilitating the corneal delivery of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) as a model drug. Furthermore, repeated eye drops of Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate micelles showed comparable therapeutic effect to the subconjunctival injection on the corneal neovascularization. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION We confirmed the feasibility of Flt1 peptide-HA conjugate micelles for eye drop treatment of corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songeun Beack
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Seoul St., Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Division of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Division of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Seoul St., Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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110
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Shen HH, Chan EC, Lee JH, Bee YS, Lin TW, Dusting GJ, Liu GS. Nanocarriers for treatment of ocular neovascularization in the back of the eye: new vehicles for ophthalmic drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2093-107. [PMID: 26096379 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic neovascularization of the retina is a major cause of substantial and irreversible loss of vision. Drugs are difficult to deliver to the lesions in the back of the eye and this is a major obstacle for the therapeutics. Current pharmacological approach involves an intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents to prevent aberrant growth of blood vessels, but it has limitations including therapeutic efficacy and side-effects associated with systemic exposure and invasive surgery. Nanotechnology provides novel opportunities to overcome the limitations of conventional delivery system to reach the back of the eye through fabrication of nanostructures capable of encapsulating and delivering small molecules. This review article introduces various forms of nanocarrier that can be adopted by ocular drug delivery systems to improve current therapy. The application of nanotechnology in medicine brings new hope for ocular drug delivery in the back of the eye to manage the major causes of blindness associated with ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Hui Lee
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Youn-Shen Bee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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111
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A simple method for the subnanomolar quantitation of seven ophthalmic drugs in the rabbit eye. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3567-78. [PMID: 25749792 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development and validation of a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method capable of simultaneous quantitation of seven ophthalmic drugs-pilocarpine, lidocaine, atropine, proparacaine, timolol, prednisolone, and triamcinolone acetonide-within regions of the rabbit eye. The complete validation of the method was performed using an Agilent 1100 series high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a 4000 QTRAP MS/MS detector in positive TurboIonSpray mode with pooled drug solutions. The method sensitivity, evaluated by the lower limit of quantitation in two simulated matrices, yielded lower limits of quantitation of 0.25 nmol L(-1) for most of the drugs. The precision in the low, medium, and high ranges of the calibration curves, the freeze-thaw stability over 1 month, the intraday precision, and the interday precision were all within a 15% limit. The method was used to quantitate the different drugs in the cornea, aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and remaining eye tissues of the rabbit eye. It was validated to a concentration of up to 1.36 ng/g in humors and 5.43 ng/g in tissues. The unprecedented low detection limit of the present method and its ease of implementation allow easy, robust, and reliable quantitation of multiple drugs for rapid in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the local pharmacokinetics of these compounds.
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112
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Csaba N, Alonso MJ, de la Fuente M. Nanotherapies for the treatment of ocular diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:279-93. [PMID: 25725262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The topical route is the most frequent and preferred way to deliver drugs to the eye. Unfortunately, the very low ocular drug bioavailability (less than 5%) associated with this modality of administration, makes the efficient treatment of several ocular diseases a significant challenge. In the last decades, it has been shown that specific nanocarriers can interact with the ocular mucosa, thereby increasing the retention time of the associated drug onto the eye, as well as its permeability across the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. In this review, we comparatively analyze the mechanism of action and specific potential of the most studied nano-drug delivery carriers. In addition, we present the success achieved until now using a number of nanotherapies for the treatment of the most prevalent ocular pathologies, such as infections, inflammation, dry eye, glaucoma, and retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nano-oncologicals Lab, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-oncologicals Lab, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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113
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Current nanotechnology approaches for the treatment and management of diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 95:307-22. [PMID: 25536109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a consequence of diabetes mellitus at the ocular level, leading to vision loss, and contributing to the decrease of patient's life quality. The biochemical and anatomic abnormalities that occur in DR are discussed in this review to better understand and manage the development of new therapeutic strategies. The use of new drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles (e.g. liposomes, dendrimers, cationic nanoemulsions, lipid and polymeric nanoparticles) is discussed along with the current traditional treatments, pointing out the advantages of the proposed nanomedicines to target this ocular disease. Despite the multifactorial nature of DR, which is not entirely understood, some strategies based on nanoparticles are being exploited for a more efficient drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. On the other hand, the use of some nanoparticles also seems to contribute to the development of DR symptoms (e.g. retinal neovascularization), which are also discussed in light of an efficient management of this ocular chronic disease.
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114
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Kannan RM, Nance E, Kannan S, Tomalia DA. Emerging concepts in dendrimer-based nanomedicine: from design principles to clinical applications. J Intern Med 2014; 276:579-617. [PMID: 24995512 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are discrete nanostructures/nanoparticles with 'onion skin-like' branched layers. Beginning with a core, these nanostructures grow in concentric layers to produce stepwise increases in size that are similar to the dimensions of many in vivo globular proteins. These branched tree-like concentric layers are referred to as 'generations'. The outer generation of each dendrimer presents a precise number of functional groups that may act as a monodispersed platform for engineering favourable nanoparticle-drug and nanoparticle-tissue interactions. These features have attracted significant attention in medicine as nanocarriers for traditional small drugs, proteins, DNA/RNA and in some instances as intrinsically active nanoscale drugs. Dendrimer-based drugs, as well as diagnostic and imaging agents, are emerging as promising candidates for many nanomedicine applications. First, we will provide a brief survey of recent nanomedicines that are either approved or in the clinical approval process. This will be followed by an introduction to a new 'nanoperiodic' concept which proposes nanoparticle structure control and the engineering of 'critical nanoscale design parameters' (CNDPs) as a strategy for optimizing pharmocokinetics, pharmocodynamics and site-specific targeting of disease. This paradigm has led to the emergence of CNDP-directed nanoperiodic property patterns relating nanoparticle behaviour to critical in vivo clinical translation issues such as cellular uptake, transport, elimination, biodistribution, accumulation and nanotoxicology. With a focus on dendrimers, these CNDP-directed nanoperiodic patterns are used as a strategy for designing and optimizing nanoparticles for a variety of drug delivery and imaging applications, including a recent dendrimer-based theranostic nanodevice for imaging and treating cancer. Several emerging preclinical dendrimer-based nanotherapy concepts related to inflammation, neuro-inflammatory disorders, oncology and infectious and ocular diseases are reviewed. Finally we will consider challenges and opportunities anticipated for future clinical translation, nanotoxicology and the commercialization of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kannan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Nanomedicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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115
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Tavazzi S, Ferraro L, Cozza F, Pastori V, Lecchi M, Farris S, Borghesi A. Hydrogen peroxide mechanosynthesis in siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19606-19612. [PMID: 25356999 DOI: 10.1021/am503940p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug-loaded contact lenses are emerging as the preferred treatment method for several ocular diseases, and efforts are being directed to promote extended and controlled delivery. One strategy is based on delivery induced by environmental triggers. One of these triggers can be hydrogen peroxide, since many platforms based on drug-loaded nanoparticles were demonstrated to be hydrogen-peroxide responsive. This is particularly interesting when hydrogen peroxide is the result of a specific pathophysiological condition. Otherwise, an alternative route to induce drug delivery is here proposed, namely the mechano-synthesis. The present work represents the proof-of-concept of the mechanosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses as a consequence of the cleavage of siloxane bonds at the interface between the polymer and water in aqueous phase. Their spongy morphology makes contact lenses promising systems for mechanical-to-chemical energy conversion, since the amount of hydrogen peroxide is expected to scale with the interfacial area between the polymer and water. The eyelid pressure during wear is sufficient to induce the hydrogen peroxide synthesis with concentrations which are biocompatible and suitable to trigger the drug release through hydrogen-peroxide-responsive platforms. For possible delivery on demand, the integration of piezoelectric polymers in the siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses could be designed, whose mechanical deformation could be induced by an applied wireless-controlled voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tavazzi
- Materials Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milan, Italy
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116
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Colherinhas G, Fileti E. Molecular dynamics study of surfactant-like peptide based nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:12215-22. [PMID: 25264942 DOI: 10.1021/jp5082593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant-like peptide (SLP) based nanostructures are investigated using all-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We report structure properties of nanostructures belonging to the ANK peptide group. In particular, the mathematical models for the two A3K membranes, A6K nanotube, and A9K nanorod were developed. Our MD simulation results are consistent with the experimental data, indicating that A3K membranes are stable in two different configurations: (1) SLPs are tilted relative to the normal membrane plane; (2) SLPs are interdigitated. The former configuration is energetically more stable. The cylindrical nanostructures feature a certain order of the A6K peptides. In turn, the A9K nanorod does not exhibit any long-range ordering. Both nanotube and nanorod structure contain large amounts of water inside. Consequently, these nanostructures behave similar to hydrogels. This property may be important in the context of biotechnology. Binding energy analysis-in terms of Coulomb and van der Waals contributions-unveils an increase as the peptide size increases. The electrostatic interaction constitutes 70-75% of the noncovalent attraction energy between SLPs. The nanotubular structures are notably stable, confirming that A6K peptides preferentially form nanotubes and A9K peptides preferentially form nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Colherinhas
- Departamento de Física, CEPAE, Universidade Federal de Goiás , CP. 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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117
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Suresh PK, Sah AK. Nanocarriers for ocular delivery for possible benefits in the treatment of anterior uveitis: focus on current paradigms and future directions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1747-68. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.938045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti K Suresh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University,
Raipur-492010, (C.G.), India
| | - Abhishek K Sah
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, University Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology,
Raipur-492010, (C.G.), India
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118
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Ameeduzzafar, Ali J, Fazil M, Qumbar M, Khan N, Ali A. Colloidal drug delivery system: amplify the ocular delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:710-26. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.923065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ameeduzzafar
- Pharmaceutics PhD Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Pharmaceutics PhD Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Fazil
- Pharmaceutics PhD Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Qumbar
- Pharmaceutics PhD Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nazia Khan
- Pharmaceutics PhD Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Pharmaceutics PhD Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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119
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Rowe-Rendleman CL, Durazo SA, Kompella UB, Rittenhouse KD, Di Polo A, Weiner AL, Grossniklaus HE, Naash MI, Lewin AS, Horsager A, Edelhauser HF. Drug and gene delivery to the back of the eye: from bench to bedside. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:2714-30. [PMID: 24777644 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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120
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Peng LH, Xu SY, Shan YH, Wei W, Liu S, Zhang CZ, Wu JH, Liang WQ, Gao JQ. Sequential release of salidroside and paeonol from a nanosphere-hydrogel system inhibits ultraviolet B-induced melanogenesis in guinea pig skin. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1897-908. [PMID: 24790432 PMCID: PMC3998849 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is the one of most important pigments for skin color in mammals. Excessive biosynthesis of melanin induces various pigment disorders. Much effort has been made to develop regulators to minimize skin pigmentation abnormalities. However, only a few of them are used, primarily because of safety concerns and low efficiency. In this study, we aimed to construct a novel nanosphere-gel for sequential delivery of salidroside and paeonol, to investigate the synergistic effects of these drugs in anti-melanogenesis, and to decrease their potential for toxicity in high dosage. Nanospheres were prepared and characterized for their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphological properties. The optimized nanospheres were incorporated in carbomer hydrogel with both paeonol and salidroside entrapped to form a dual drug-releasing nanosphere-gel. With this nanosphere-gel, rapid release of salidroside from the hydrogel followed by sustained release of paeonol from the nanosphere was achieved. Using a classical model of the melanogenesis response to ultraviolet exposure, it was shown that the anti-melanogenesis effects of the dual drug-releasing system, in which the doses of the individual drugs were decreased by half, was obviously enhanced when compared with the effects of the single drug preparations. Mechanistically, the burst release of salidroside from the hydrogel may enable prompt suppression of melanocyte proliferation on exposure to ultraviolet B radiation, while the paeonol released in a sustained manner can provide continuous inhibition of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes. Combined delivery of salidroside and paeonol was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these agents in anti-melanogenesis and reducing their toxicity, so may have great potential in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen-Yao Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Shan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-He Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Liang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Novel Transdermal Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
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121
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Kim HJ, Zhang K, Moore L, Ho D. Diamond nanogel-embedded contact lenses mediate lysozyme-dependent therapeutic release. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2998-3005. [PMID: 24506583 PMCID: PMC4004290 DOI: 10.1021/nn5002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Temporarily implanted devices, such as drug-loaded contact lenses, are emerging as the preferred treatment method for ocular diseases like glaucoma. Localizing the delivery of glaucoma drugs, such as timolol maleate (TM), can minimize adverse effects caused by systemic administration. Although eye drops and drug-soaked lenses allow for local treatment, their utility is limited by burst release and a lack of sustained therapeutic delivery. Additionally, wet transportation and storage of drug-soaked lenses result in drug loss due to elution from the lenses. Here we present a nanodiamond (ND)-embedded contact lens capable of lysozyme-triggered release of TM for sustained therapy. We find that ND-embedded lenses composed of enzyme-cleavable polymers allow for controlled and sustained release of TM in the presence of lysozyme. Retention of drug activity is verified in primary human trabecular meshwork cells. These results demonstrate the translational potential of an ND-embedded lens capable of drug sequestration and enzyme activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kangyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Laura Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Institute for Biotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Address correspondence to
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122
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Wu X, Yu G, Luo C, Maeda A, Zhang N, Sun D, Zhou Z, Puntel A, Palczewski K, Lu ZR. Synthesis and evaluation of a nanoglobular dendrimer 5-aminosalicylic Acid conjugate with a hydrolyzable schiff base spacer for treating retinal degeneration. ACS NANO 2014; 8:153-61. [PMID: 24350906 PMCID: PMC4060971 DOI: 10.1021/nn4054107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible dendrimers with well-defined nanosizes are increasingly being used as carriers for drug delivery. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an FDA-approved therapeutic agent recently found effective in treating retinal degeneration of animal models. Here, a water-soluble dendrimer conjugate of 5-ASA (AGFB-ASA) was designed to treat such retinal degeneration. The drug was conjugated to a generation 2 (G2) lysine dendrimer with a silsesquioxane core (nanoglobule) by using a hydrolyzable Schiff base spacer. Incubation of nanoglobular G2 dendrimer conjugates containing a 4-formylbenzoate (FB) Schiff base spacer in pH 7.4 phosphate buffers at 37 °C gradually released 5-ASA. Drug release from the dendrimer conjugate was significantly slower than from the low molecular weight free Schiff base of 5-ASA (FB-ASA). 5-ASA release from the dendrimer conjugate was dependent on steric hindrance around the spacer. After intraperitoneal injection, the nanoglobular 5-ASA conjugate provided more effective 7-day protection against light-induced retinal degeneration at a reduced dose than free 5-ASA in Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice. The dendrimer 5-ASA conjugate with a degradable spacer could be a good candidate for controlled delivery of 5-ASA to the eye for treatment of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guanping Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chengcai Luo
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Da Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Puntel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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123
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Chan N, An SY, Oh JK. Dual location disulfide degradable interlayer-crosslinked micelles with extended sheddable coronas exhibiting enhanced colloidal stability and rapid release. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00852e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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124
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Godsey ME, Suryaprakash S, Leong KW. Materials innovation for co-delivery of diverse therapeutic cargos. RSC Adv 2013; 3:24794-24811. [PMID: 24818000 PMCID: PMC4012692 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-delivery is a rapidly growing sector of drug delivery that aspires to enhance therapeutic efficacy through controlled delivery of diverse therapeutic cargoes with synergistic activities. It requires the design of carriers capable of simultaneously transporting to and releasing multiple therapeutics at a disease site. Co-delivery has arisen from the emerging trend of combination therapy, where treatment with two or more therapeutics at the same time can succeed where single therapeutics fail. However, conventional combination therapy offers little control over achieving an optimized therapeutic ratio at the target site. Co-delivery via inclusion of multiple therapeutic cargos within the same carrier addresses this issue by not only ensuring delivery of both therapeutics to the same cell, but also offering a platform for control of the delivery process, from loading to release. Co-delivery systems have been formulated using a number of carriers previously developed for single-therapeutic delivery. Liposomes, polymeric micelles, PLGA nanoparticles, and dendrimers have all been adapted for co-delivery. Much of the effort focuses on dealing with drugs having dissimilar properties, increasing loading efficiencies, and controlling loading and release ratios. In this review, we highlight the innovations in carrier designs and formulations to deliver combination cargoes of drug/drug, drug/siRNA, and drug/pDNA toward disease therapy. With rapid advances in mechanistic understanding of interrelating molecular pathways and development of molecular medicine, the future of co-delivery will become increasingly promising and prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Godsey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Smruthi Suryaprakash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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125
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Yavuz B, Bozdağ Pehlivan S, Ünlü N. Dendrimeric systems and their applications in ocular drug delivery. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:732340. [PMID: 24396306 PMCID: PMC3874982 DOI: 10.1155/2013/732340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most attractive and challenging research area for pharmaceutical scientists and ophthalmologists. Absorption of an ophthalmic drug in conventional dosage forms is seriously limited by physiological conditions. The use of nonionic or ionic biodegradable polymers in aqueous solutions and colloidal dosage forms such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, microspheres, microcapsules, microemulsions, and dendrimers has been studied to overcome the problems mentioned above. Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. The unique nanostructured architecture of dendrimers has been studied to examine their role in delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents. Dendrimers can enhance drug's water solubility, bioavailability, and biocompatibility and can be applied for different routes of drug administration successfully. Permeability enhancer properties of dendrimers were also reported. The use of dendrimers can also reduce toxicity versus activity and following an appropriate application route they allow the delivery of the drug to the targeted site and provide desired pharmacokinetic parameters. Therefore, dendrimeric drug delivery systems are of interest in ocular drug delivery. In this review, the limitations related to eye's unique structure, the advantages of dendrimers, and the potential applications of dendrimeric systems to ophthalmology including imaging, drug, peptide, and gene delivery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Yavuz
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Ünlü
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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126
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Kim NJ, Harris A, Gerber A, Tobe LA, Amireskandari A, Huck A, Siesky B. Nanotechnology and glaucoma: a review of the potential implications of glaucoma nanomedicine. Br J Ophthalmol 2013; 98:427-31. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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127
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Dongargaonkar AA, Bowlin GL, Yang H. Electrospun blends of gelatin and gelatin-dendrimer conjugates as a wound-dressing and drug-delivery platform. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4038-45. [PMID: 24127747 DOI: 10.1021/bm401143p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new nanofiber construct based on electrospun blends of gelatin and gelatin-dendrimer conjugates. Highly branched star-shaped polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5 was covalently conjugated to gelatin via EDC/NHS chemistry. Blends of gelatin and gelatin-dendrimer conjugates mixed with various loading levels of silver acetate (0, 0.83, 1.65, and 3.30% w/w) were successfully electrospun into nanofiber constructs (NCs). The NCs were further converted into semi-interpenetrating networks (sIPNs) with photoreactive polyethylene glycol diacrylate (Mn = 575 g mol(-1)) (PEG DA575). They were characterized in terms of fiber morphology, diameter, pore size, permeability, degradation, and mechanical properties. The resulting sIPN NCs retained nanofiber morphology, possessed similar fiber diameters to counterpart NCs, and gained improved structural stability. The sIPN NCs also showed good swelling capacity owing to porous structures and were permeable to aqueous solutions. Silver-containing sIPN NCs allowed sustained silver release and showed antimicrobial activity against two common types of pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Incorporation of dendrimers into the gelatin nanofibers through covalent conjugation not only expands drug loading capacity of nanofiber constructs but also provides tremendous flexibility for developing multifunctional electrospun dressing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana A Dongargaonkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University , 401 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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128
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Jang SC, Kim OY, Yoon CM, Choi DS, Roh TY, Park J, Nilsson J, Lötvall J, Kim YK, Gho YS. Bioinspired exosome-mimetic nanovesicles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to malignant tumors. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7698-710. [PMID: 24004438 DOI: 10.1021/nn402232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the endogenous nanocarriers that can deliver biological information between cells, were recently introduced as new kind of drug delivery system. However, mammalian cells release relatively low quantities of exosomes, and purification of exosomes is difficult. Here, we developed bioinspired exosome-mimetic nanovesicles that deliver chemotherapeutics to the tumor tissue after systemic administration. The chemotherapeutics-loaded nanovesicles were produced by the breakdown of monocytes or macrophages using a serial extrusion through filters with diminishing pore sizes (10, 5, and 1 μm). These cell-derived nanovesicles have similar characteristics with the exosomes but have 100-fold higher production yield. Furthermore, the nanovesicles have natural targeting ability of cells by maintaining the topology of plasma membrane proteins. In vitro, chemotherapeutic drug-loaded nanovesicles induced TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, experiments in mice showed that the chemotherapeutic drug-loaded nanovesicles traffic to tumor tissue and reduce tumor growth without the adverse effects observed with equipotent free drug. Furthermore, compared with doxorubicin-loaded exosomes, doxorubicin-loaded nanovesicles showed similar in vivo antitumor activity. However, doxorubicin-loaded liposomes that did not carry targeting proteins were inefficient in reducing tumor growth. Importantly, removal of the plasma membrane proteins by trypsinization eliminated the therapeutic effects of the nanovesicles both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these studies suggest that the bioengineered nanovesicles can serve as novel exosome-mimetics to effectively deliver chemotherapeutics to treat malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chul Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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129
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Chowdhury S, Guha R, Trivedi R, Kompella UB, Konar A, Hazra S. Pirfenidone nanoparticles improve corneal wound healing and prevent scarring following alkali burn. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70528. [PMID: 23940587 PMCID: PMC3734236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effects of pirfenidone nanoparticles on corneal re-epithelialization and scarring, major clinical challenges after alkali burn. Methods Effect of pirfenidone on collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) synthesis by TGFβ induced primary corneal fibroblast cells was evaluated by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Pirfenidone loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared, characterized and their cellular entry was examined in primary corneal fibroblast cells by fluorescence microscopy. Alkali burn was induced in one eye of Sprague Dawley rats followed by daily topical treatment with free pirfenidone, pirfenidone nanoparticles or vehicle. Corneal re-epithelialization was assessed daily by flourescein dye test; absence of stained area indicated complete re-epithelialization and the time for complete re-epithelialization was determined. Corneal haze was assessed daily for 7 days under slit lamp microscope and graded using a standard method. After 7 days, collagen I deposition in the superficial layer of cornea was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results Pirfenidone prevented (P<0.05) increase in TGF β induced collagen I and α-SMA synthesis by corneal fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner. Pirfenidone could be loaded successfully within PLGA nanoparticles, which entered the corneal fibroblasts within 5 minutes. Pirfenidone nanoparticles but not free pirfenidone significantly (P<0.05) reduced collagen I level, corneal haze and the time for corneal re-epithelialization following alkali burn. Conclusion Pirfenidone decreases collagen synthesis and prevents myofibroblast formation. Pirfenidone nanoparticles improve corneal wound healing and prevent fibrosis. Pirfenidone nanoparticles are of potential value in treating corneal chemical burns and other corneal fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushovan Chowdhury
- Department of Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Department of Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ruchit Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Aditya Konar
- Department of Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarbani Hazra
- Deptartment of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Maran A, Dadsetan M, Buenz CM, Shogren KL, Lu L, Yaszemski MJ. Hydrogel-PLGA delivery system prolongs 2-methoxyestradiol-mediated anti-tumor effects in osteosarcoma cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2491-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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131
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Zhou HY, Hao JL, Wang S, Zheng Y, Zhang WS. Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:390-6. [PMID: 23826539 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug transport barriers pose a challenge for drug delivery comprising the ocular surface epithelium, the tear film and internal barriers of the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barriers. Ocular drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Traditional drug administration reduces the clinical efficacy especially for poor water soluble molecules and for the posterior segment of the eye. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administrations in lower doses without any toxicity compared to the conventional eye drops. With the aid of high specificity and multifunctionality, DNA NPs can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. NPs could target at cornea, retina and choroid by surficial applications and intravitreal injection. This review is concerned with recent findings and applications of NPs drug delivery systems for the treatment of different eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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132
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Novel Topical Ophthalmic Formulations for Management of Glaucoma. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2818-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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133
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Kompella UB, Amrite AC, Pacha Ravi R, Durazo SA. Nanomedicines for back of the eye drug delivery, gene delivery, and imaging. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 36:172-98. [PMID: 23603534 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and management of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye such as diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and choroidal neovascularization is a challenging task due to the anatomy and physiology of ocular barriers. For instance, traditional routes of drug delivery for therapeutic treatment are hindered by poor intraocular penetration and/or rapid ocular elimination. One possible approach to improve ocular therapy is to employ nanotechnology. Nanomedicines, products of nanotechnology, having at least one dimension in the nanoscale include nanoparticles, micelles, nanotubes, and dendrimers, with and without targeting ligands. Nanomedicines are making a significant impact in the fields of ocular drug delivery, gene delivery, and imaging, the focus of this review. Key applications of nanotechnology discussed in this review include a) bioadhesive nanomedicines; b) functionalized nanomedicines that enhance target recognition and/or cell entry; c) nanomedicines capable of controlled release of the payload; d) nanomedicines capable of enhancing gene transfection and duration of transfection; f) nanomedicines responsive to stimuli including light, heat, ultrasound, electrical signals, pH, and oxidative stress; g) diversely sized and colored nanoparticles for imaging, and h) nanowires for retinal prostheses. Additionally, nanofabricated delivery systems including implants, films, microparticles, and nanoparticles are described. Although the above nanomedicines may be administered by various routes including topical, intravitreal, intravenous, transscleral, suprachoroidal, and subretinal routes, each nanomedicine should be tailored for the disease, drug, and site of administration. In addition to the nature of materials used in nanomedicine design, depending on the site of nanomedicine administration, clearance and toxicity are expected to differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday B Kompella
- Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Kambhampati SP, Kannan RM. Dendrimer nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 29:151-65. [PMID: 23410062 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye is a unique organ of perfection and complexity, and is a microcosm of the body in many ways. It represents a great opportunity for nanomedicine, since it is readily accessible-allowing for direct drug/gene delivery to maximize the therapeutic effect and minimize side effects. The development of appropriate delivery systems that can sustain and deliver therapeutics to the target tissues is a key challenge that can be addressed by nanotechnology. Dendrimers are tree-like, nanostructured polymers that have received significant attention as ocular drug delivery systems, due to their well-defined size, tailorable structure, and potentially favorable ocular biodistribution. In this review, we highlight recent developments in dendrimer-based ocular therapies for both anterior and posterior segment diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva P Kambhampati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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135
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Kulkarni SS, Kompella UB. Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery in Treating Diseases of the Eye. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2013_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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136
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Yang H, Leffler CT. Hybrid dendrimer hydrogel/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle platform: an advanced vehicle for topical delivery of antiglaucoma drugs and a likely solution to improving compliance and adherence in glaucoma management. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 29:166-72. [PMID: 23249385 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma therapy typically begins with topical medications, of which there are 4 major classes in common use in the United States: beta-adrenergic antagonists, alpha-agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogs. Unfortunately, all 4 classes require at least daily dosing, and 3 of the 4 classes are approved to be administered 2 or 3 times daily. This need for frequent dosing with multiple medications makes compliance difficult. Longer-acting formulations and combinations that require less frequent administration might improve compliance and therefore medication effectiveness. Recently, we developed an ocular drug delivery system, a hybrid dendrimer hydrogel/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle platform for delivering glaucoma therapeutics topically. This platform is designed to deliver glaucoma drugs to the eye efficiently and release the drug in a slow fashion. Furthermore, this delivery platform is designed to be compatible with many of the glaucoma drugs that are currently approved for use. In this article, we review this new delivery system with in-depth discussion of its structural features, properties, and preclinical application in glaucoma treatment. In addition, future directions and translational efforts for marketing this technology are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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