101
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Sasaki F, Koga T, Saeki K, Okuno T, Kazuno S, Fujimura T, Ohkawa Y, Yokomizo T. Biochemical and immunological characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody against mouse leukotriene B4 receptor 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185133. [PMID: 28922396 PMCID: PMC5602668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in various leukocyte subsets; however, the precise expression of mouse BLT1 (mBLT1) has not been reported because a mBLT1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has not been available. In this study, we present the successful establishment of a hybridoma cell line (clone 7A8) that produces a high-affinity mAb for mBLT1 by direct immunization of BLT1-deficient mice with mBLT1-overexpressing cells. The specificity of clone 7A8 was confirmed using mBLT1-overexpressing cells and mouse peripheral blood leukocytes that endogenously express BLT1. Clone 7A8 did not cross-react with human BLT1 or other G protein-coupled receptors, including human chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4. The 7A8 mAb binds to the second extracellular loop of mBLT1 and did not affect LTB4 binding or intracellular calcium mobilization by LTB4. The 7A8 mAb positively stained Gr-1-positive granulocytes, CD11b-positive granulocytes/monocytes, F4/80-positive monocytes, CCR2-high and CCR2-low monocyte subsets in the peripheral blood and a CD4-positive T cell subset, Th1 cells differentiated in vitro from naïve CD4-positive T cells. This mAb was able to detect Gr-1-positive granulocytes and monocytes in the spleens of naïve mice by immunohistochemistry. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of 7A8 mAb depleted granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood. We have therefore succeeded in generating a high-affinity anti-mBLT1 mAb that is useful for analyzing mBLT1 expression in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Granulocytes/immunology
- Leukotriene B4/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/immunology
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/chemistry
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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102
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Jala VR, Maturu P, Bodduluri SR, Krishnan E, Mathis S, Subbarao K, Wang M, Jenson AB, Proctor ML, Rouchka EC, Knight R, Haribabu B. Leukotriene B 4-receptor-1 mediated host response shapes gut microbiota and controls colon tumor progression. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1361593. [PMID: 29209564 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1361593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and infection are key promoters of colon cancer but the molecular interplay between these events is largely unknown. Mice deficient in leukotriene B4 receptor1 (BLT1) are protected in inflammatory disease models of arthritis, asthma and atherosclerosis. In this study, we show that BLT1-/- mice when bred onto a spontaneous tumor (ApcMin/+) model displayed an increase in the rate of intestinal tumor development and mortality. A paradoxical increase in inflammation in the tumors from the BLT1-/-ApcMin/+ mice is coincidental with defective host response to infection. Germ-free BLT1-/-ApcMin/+ mice are free from colon tumors that reappeared upon fecal transplantation. Analysis of microbiota showed defective host response in BLT1-/- ApcMin/+ mice reshapes the gut microbiota to promote colon tumor development. The BLT1-/-MyD88-/- double deficient mice are susceptible to lethal neonatal infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment eliminated neonatal lethality in BLT1-/-MyD88-/- mice and the BLT1-/-MyD88-/-ApcMin+ mice are protected from colon tumor development. These results identify a novel interplay between the Toll-like receptor mediated microbial sensing mechanisms and BLT1-mediated host response in the control of colon tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatakrishna R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sobha R Bodduluri
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Elangovan Krishnan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven Mathis
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Krishnaprasad Subbarao
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Min Wang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alfred B Jenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mary L Proctor
- Research Resources Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Computer Engineering & Computer Science, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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103
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Chen X, Stout S, Mueller U, Boykow G, Visconti R, Siliphaivanh P, Spencer K, Presland J, Kavana M, Basso AD, McLaren DG, Myers RW. Label-Free, LC-MS-Based Assays to Quantitate Small-Molecule Antagonist Binding to the Mammalian BLT1 Receptor. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1131-1141. [PMID: 28763622 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217719748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and validated label-free, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based equilibrium direct and competition binding assays to quantitate small-molecule antagonist binding to recombinant human and mouse BLT1 receptors expressed in HEK 293 cell membranes. Procedurally, these binding assays involve (1) equilibration of the BLT1 receptor and probe ligand, with or without a competitor; (2) vacuum filtration through cationic glass fiber filters to separate receptor-bound from free probe ligand; and (3) LC-MS analysis in selected reaction monitoring mode for bound probe ligand quantitation. Two novel, optimized probe ligands, compounds 1 and 2, were identified by screening 20 unlabeled BLT1 antagonists for direct binding. Saturation direct binding studies confirmed the high affinity, and dissociation studies established the rapid binding kinetics of probe ligands 1 and 2. Competition binding assays were established using both probe ligands, and the affinities of structurally diverse BLT1 antagonists were measured. Both binding assay formats can be executed with high specificity and sensitivity and moderate throughput (96-well plate format) using these approaches. This highly versatile, label-free method for studying ligand binding to membrane-associated receptors should find broad application as an alternative to traditional methods using labeled ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Stout
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Uwe Mueller
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - George Boykow
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Visconti
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kerrie Spencer
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jeremy Presland
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Kavana
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea D Basso
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - David G McLaren
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Robert W Myers
- Discovery, Preclinical and Early Development, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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104
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Abstract
As the largest receptor gene family in the human genome, with >800 members, the signal-transducing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in nearly all conceivable physiological processes, ranging from the sensing of photons and odorants to metabolic homeostasis and migration of leukocytes. Unfortunately, an exhaustive review of the several hundred GPCRs expressed by myeloid cells/macrophages (P.J. Groot-Kormelink, L .Fawcett, P.D. Wright, M. Gosling, and T.C. Kent, BMC Immunol 12:57, 2012, doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-57) is beyond the scope of this chapter; however, we will endeavor to cover the GPCRs that contribute to the major facets of macrophage biology, i.e., those whose expression is restricted to macrophages and the GPCRs involved in macrophage differentiation/polarization, microbial elimination, inflammation and resolution, and macrophage-mediated pathology. The chemokine receptors, a major group of myeloid GPCRs, will not be extensively covered as they are comprehensively reviewed elsewhere.
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105
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Oi N, Yamamoto H, Langfald A, Bai R, Lee MH, Bode AM, Dong Z. LTA4H regulates cell cycle and skin carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:728-737. [PMID: 28575166 PMCID: PMC6248358 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), a bifunctional zinc metallo-enzyme, is reportedly overexpressed in several human cancers. Our group has focused on LTA4H as a potential target for cancer prevention and/or therapy. In the present study, we report that LTA4H is a key regulator of cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase acting by negatively regulating p27 expression in skin cancer. We found that LTA4H is overexpressed in human skin cancer tissue. Knocking out LTA4H significantly reduced skin cancer development in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted two-stage skin cancer mouse model. LTA4H depletion dramatically decreased anchorage-dependent and -independent skin cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, our findings showed that depletion of LTA4H enhanced p27 protein stability, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of CDK2 at Thr160 and inhibition of the CDK2/cyclin E complex, resulting in down-regulated p27 ubiquitination. These findings indicate that LTA4H is critical for skin carcinogenesis and is an important mediator of cell cycle and the data begin to clarify the mechanisms of LTA4H's role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Oi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Alyssa Langfald
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ruihua Bai
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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106
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Abstract
The severity and course of inflammatory processes differ between women and men, but the biochemical mechanisms underlying these sex differences are elusive. Prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) are lipid mediators linked to inflammation. We demonstrated superior LT biosynthesis in human neutrophils and monocytes, and in mouse macrophages from females, and we confirmed these sex differences in vivo where female mice produced more LTs during zymosan-induced peritonitis versus males. Here, we report sex differences in PG production in neutrophils during acute inflammation. In the late phase (4–8 hrs) of mouse zymosan-induced peritonitis and rat carrageenan-induced pleurisy, PG levels in males were higher versus females, seemingly due to higher PG production in infiltrated neutrophils. Accordingly, human neutrophils from males produced more PGE2 than cells from females. Increased PG biosynthesis in males was accompanied by elevated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression connected to increased nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and was abolished when LT synthesis was pharmacologically blocked, suggesting that elevated PG production in males might be caused by increased COX-2 expression and by shunting phenomena due to suppressed LT formation. Conclusively, our data reveal that the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory PGs and LTs is conversely regulated by sex with consequences for the inflammatory response.
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107
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Bronchoprotective mechanisms for specialized pro-resolving mediators in the resolution of lung inflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:44-56. [PMID: 28455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bronchi are exposed daily to irritants, microbes and allergens as well as extremes of temperature and acid. The airway mucosal epithelium plays a pivotal role as a sentinel, releasing alarmins when danger is encountered. To maintain homeostasis, an elaborate counter-regulatory network of signals and cellular effector mechanisms are needed. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are chemical mediators that enact resolution programs in response to injury, infection or allergy. SPMs are enzymatically derived from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with potent cell-type specific immunoresolvent properties. SPMs signal by engaging cell-based receptors to turn off acute inflammatory responses and restore tissue homeostasis. Several common lung diseases involving the airways, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are characterized by unresolved bronchial inflammation. In preclinical murine models of lung disease, SPMs carry potent bronchoprotective actions. Here, we review cellular and molecular effects for SPM-initiated catabasis in the lung and their human translation.
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108
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Takeda T, Komiya Y, Koga T, Ishida T, Ishii Y, Kikuta Y, Nakaya M, Kurose H, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T, Uchi H, Furue M, Yamada H. Dioxin-induced increase in leukotriene B4 biosynthesis through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its relevance to hepatotoxicity owing to neutrophil infiltration. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10586-10599. [PMID: 28487374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxin and related chemicals alter the expression of a number of genes by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR) to produce a variety of disorders including hepatotoxicity. However, it remains largely unknown how these changes in gene expression are linked to toxicity. To address this issue, we initially examined the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachrolodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a most toxic dioxin, on the hepatic and serum metabolome in male pubertal rats and found that TCDD causes many changes in the level of fatty acids, bile acids, amino acids, and their metabolites. Among these findings was the discovery that TCDD increases the content of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), an inducer of inflammation due to the activation of leukocytes, in the liver of rats and mice. Further analyses suggested that an increase in LTB4 comes from a dual mechanism consisting of an induction of arachidonate lipoxygenase-5, a rate-limiting enzyme in LTB4 synthesis, and the down-regulation of LTC4 synthase, an enzyme that converts LTA4 to LTC4. The above changes required AHR activation, because the same was not observed in AHR knock-out rats. In agreement with LTB4 accumulation, TCDD caused the marked infiltration of neutrophils into the liver. However, deleting LTB4 receptors (BLT1) blocked this effect. A TCDD-produced increase in the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers, including tumor-necrosis factor and hepatic damage, was also suppressed in BLT1-null mice. The above observations focusing on metabolomic changes provide novel evidence that TCDD accumulates LTB4 in the liver by an AHR-dependent induction of LTB4 biosynthesis to cause hepatotoxicity through neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuji Ishii
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences and
| | - Yasushi Kikuta
- the Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- the Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- the Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.,the Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- the Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- the Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,the Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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109
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Sezin T, Krajewski M, Wutkowski A, Mousavi S, Chakievska L, Bieber K, Ludwig RJ, Dahlke M, Rades D, Schulze FS, Schmidt E, Kalies K, Gupta Y, Schilf P, Ibrahim SM, König P, Schwudke D, Zillikens D, Sadik CD. The Leukotriene B4 and its Receptor BLT1 Act as Critical Drivers of Neutrophil Recruitment in Murine Bullous Pemphigoid-Like Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1104-1113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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110
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Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 16:48. [PMID: 27333777 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids are critical regulators of inflammation. Over the last 75 years, these diverse compounds have emerged as clinically-relevant mediators of allergic disease pathophysiology. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid mediators in the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Lipids are critical participants in cell signaling events which influence key physiologic (bronchoconstriction) and immune phenomena (degranulation, chemotaxis, sensitization). Lipid-mediated cellular mechanisms including: (1) formation of structural support platforms (lipid rafts) for receptor signaling complexes, (2) activation of a diverse family of G-protein coupled receptors, and (3) mediating intracellular signaling cascades by acting as second messengers. Here, we review four classes of bioactive lipids (platelet activating factor, the leukotrienes, the prostanoids, and the sphingolipids) with special emphasis on lipid synthesis pathways and signaling, atopic disease pathology, and the ongoing development of atopy treatments targeting lipid mediator pathways.
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111
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Generation and characterization of a human-mouse chimeric high-affinity antibody that detects the DYKDDDDK FLAG peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:1077-1082. [PMID: 28377223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DYKDDDDK peptide (FLAG) is a useful tool for investigating the function and localization of proteins whose antibodies (Abs) are not available. We recently established a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) for FLAG (clone 2H8). The 2H8 Ab is highly sensitive for detecting FLAG-tagged proteins by flowcytometry and immunoprecipitation, but it can yield nonspecific signals in immunohistochemistry of mouse tissues because it is of mouse origin. In this study, we reduced nonspecific signals by generating a chimeric 2H8 Ab with Fc fragments derived from human immunoglobulin. We fused a 5' terminal cDNA fragments for the Fab region of 2H8 mAb with 3' terminal cDNA fragments for Fc region of human IgG1. We transfected both chimeric plasmids and purified the resulting human-mouse chimeric 2H8. The chimeric 2H8 Ab successfully detected FLAG-tagged proteins in flowcytometry with anti-human IgG secondary Ab with comparable sensitivity to 2H8 mAb. Importantly, chimeric 2H8 detected specific FLAG peptide signals without nonspecific signals in immunohistochemical analysis with mouse tissues. This human-mouse chimeric high-affinity anti-FLAG Ab will prove useful for future immunohistochemical analysis of mouse tissues.
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112
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Zinn S, Sisignano M, Kern K, Pierre S, Tunaru S, Jordan H, Suo J, Treutlein EM, Angioni C, Ferreiros N, Leffler A, DeBruin N, Offermanns S, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. The leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 form an antagonistic sensitizing system in peripheral sensory neurons. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6123-6134. [PMID: 28242764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of the heat-activated ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) through lipids is a fundamental mechanism during inflammation-induced peripheral sensitization. Leukotriene B4 is a proinflammatory lipid mediator whose role in peripheral nociceptive sensitization is not well understood to date. Two major G-protein-coupled receptors for leukotriene B4 have been identified: the high-affinity receptor BLT1 and the low-affinity receptor BLT2. Transcriptional screening for the expression G-protein-coupled receptors in murine dorsal root ganglia showed that both receptors were among the highest expressed in dorsal root ganglia. Calcium imaging revealed a sensitization of TRPV1-mediated calcium increases in a relative narrow concentration range for leukotriene B4 (100-200 nm). Selective antagonists and neurons from knock-out mice demonstrated a BLT1-dependent sensitization of TRPV1-mediated calcium increases. Accordingly, leukotriene B4-induced thermal hyperalgesia was mediated through BLT1 and TRPV1 as shown using the respective knock-out mice. Importantly, higher leukotriene B4 concentrations (>0.5 μm) and BLT2 agonists abolished sensitization of the TRPV1-mediated calcium increases. Also, BLT2 activation inhibited protein kinase C- and protein kinase A-mediated sensitization processes through the phosphatase calcineurin. Consequently, a selective BLT2-receptor agonist increased thermal and mechanical withdrawal thresholds during zymosan-induced inflammation. In accordance with these data, immunohistochemical analysis showed that both leukotriene B4 receptors were expressed in peripheral sensory neurons. Thus, the data show that the two leukotriene B4 receptors have opposing roles in the sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons forming a self-restricting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zinn
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Holger Jordan
- the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Jing Suo
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elsa-Marie Treutlein
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreiros
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- the Department for Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natasja DeBruin
- the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- the Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Klaus Scholich
- From the Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany,
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113
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Ying W, Wollam J, Ofrecio JM, Bandyopadhyay G, El Ouarrat D, Lee YS, Oh DY, Li P, Osborn O, Olefsky JM. Adipose tissue B2 cells promote insulin resistance through leukotriene LTB4/LTB4R1 signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1019-1030. [PMID: 28192375 DOI: 10.1172/jci90350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inflammation is a key component of obesity-induced insulin resistance, with a variety of immune cell types accumulating in adipose tissue. Here, we have demonstrated increased numbers of B2 lymphocytes in obese adipose tissue and have shown that high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) insulin resistance is mitigated in B cell-deficient (Bnull) mice. Adoptive transfer of adipose tissue B2 cells (ATB2) from wild-type HFD donor mice into HFD Bnull recipients completely restored the effect of HFD to induce insulin resistance. Recruitment and activation of ATB2 cells was mediated by signaling through the chemokine leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and its receptor LTB4R1. Furthermore, the adverse effects of ATB2 cells on glucose homeostasis were partially dependent upon T cells and macrophages. These results demonstrate the importance of ATB2 cells in obesity-induced insulin resistance and suggest that inhibition of the LTB4/LTB4R1 axis might be a useful approach for developing insulin-sensitizing therapeutics.
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114
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Okuno T, Koutsogiannaki S, Ohba M, Chamberlain M, Bu W, Lin FY, Eckenhoff RG, Yokomizo T, Yuki K. Intravenous anesthetic propofol binds to 5-lipoxygenase and attenuates leukotriene B 4 production. FASEB J 2017; 31:1584-1594. [PMID: 28069825 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601095r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic that produces its anesthetic effect, largely via the GABAA receptor in the CNS, and also reduces the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced neutrophil respiratory burst. Because fMLP-stimulated neutrophils produce leukotriene (LT)B4, we examined the effect of propofol on LTB4 production in vivo and in vitro Cecal ligation and puncture surgery was performed in mice, with or without exposure to propofol. Propofol attenuated the production of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-related arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives in the peritoneal fluid. Also, in the in vitro experiments on fMLP-stimulated neutrophils and 5-LOX-transfected human embryonic kidney cells, propofol attenuated the production of 5-LOX-related AA derivatives. Based on these results, we hypothesized that propofol would directly affect 5-LOX function. Using meta-azi-propofol (AziPm), we photolabeled stable 5-LOX protein, which had been used to solve the X-ray crystallographic structure of 5-LOX, and examined the binding site(s) of propofol on 5-LOX. Two propofol binding pockets were identified near the active site of 5-LOX. Alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed for the residues of 5-LOX in the vicinity of propofol, and we evaluated the functional role of these pockets in LTB4 production. We demonstrated that these pockets were functionally important for 5-LOX activity. These two pockets can be used to explore a novel 5-LOX inhibitor in the future.-Okuno, T., Koutsogiannaki, S., Ohba, M., Chamberlain, M., Bu, W., Lin, F.-Y., Eckenhoff, R. G., Yokomizo T., Yuki, K. Intravenous anesthetic propofol binds to 5-lipoxygenase and attenuates leukotriene B4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Matthew Chamberlain
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiming Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Fu-Yan Lin
- Immune Disease Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roderic G Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA; .,Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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115
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Zhang Y, Olson RM, Brown CR. Macrophage LTB 4 drives efficient phagocytosis of Borrelia burgdorferi via BLT1 or BLT2. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:494-503. [PMID: 28053185 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved experimental Lyme arthritis in C3H 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-/- mice is associated with impaired macrophage phagocytosis of Borrelia burgdorferi In the present study, we further investigated the effects of the 5-LOX metabolite, leukotriene (LT)B4 on phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from 5-LOX-/- mice were defective in the uptake and killing of B. burgdorferi from the earliest stages of spirochete internalization. BMDMs from mice deficient for the LTB4 high-affinity receptor (BLT1-/-) were also unable to efficiently phagocytose B. burgdorferi Addition of exogenous LTB4 augmented the phagocytic capability of BMDMs from both 5-LOX-/- and BLT1-/- mice, suggesting that the low-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT2, might be involved. Blocking BLT2 activity with the specific antagonist, LY255283, inhibited phagocytosis in LTB4-stimulated BLT1-/- BMDMs, demonstrating a role for BLT2. However, the lack of a phagocytic defect in BLT2-/- BMDMs suggested that this was a compensatory effect. In contrast, 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid, a natural BLT2-specific high-affinity ligand, and resolvin E1, a BLT1 agonist, were both unable to boost phagocytosis in BMDMs from either 5-LOX-/- or BLT1-/- mice, suggesting a specific role for LTB4 in mediating phagocytosis in murine macrophages. This study demonstrates that LTB4 promotes macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria via BLT1, and that BLT2 can fulfill this role in the absence of BLT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Rachel M Olson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Charles R Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
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116
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Luo L, Tanaka R, Kanazawa S, Lu F, Hayashi A, Yokomizo T, Mizuno H. A synthetic leukotriene B 4 receptor type 2 agonist accelerates the cutaneous wound healing process in diabetic rats by indirect stimulation of fibroblasts and direct stimulation of keratinocytes. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:13-20. [PMID: 27742551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The synthetic leukotriene B4 receptor type 2 (BLT2) agonist CAY10583 (CAY) accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice by promoting keratinocyte migration. However, its effects on fibroblast activity and granulation are unknown. We investigated the mechanisms by which CAY promotes wound healing. METHODS CAY was applied to wounds on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and wound closure, granulation thickness, and epithelialization gaps were analyzed. BLT2 expression was examined by RT-PCR. Migration and proliferation were studied by scratch assays and MTS assays. Keratinocyte supernatants with CAY were applied to fibroblasts, and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS CAY significantly accelerated wound healing in diabetic rats (CAY, 78.05±12.22% vs. control, 59.84±11.09%; p=0.0222), with increased re-epithelialization and granulation compared to controls. BLT2 was expressed in keratinocytes, but not in fibroblasts. Keratinocyte treatment with the CAY supernatant enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration (fibroblast scratch closure: CAY, 75.95±4.09% vs. control, 49.69±4.49%; p<0.0001). CAY-treated keratinocytes exhibited increased TGF-β1 and bFGF expression. CONCLUSIONS CAY directly promotes keratinocyte migration and indirectly enhances fibroblast proliferation by increasing keratinocyte production of TGF-β1 and bFGF, accelerating wound closure. CAY is a promising pharmaceutical agent for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Rica Tanaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Kanazawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ayato Hayashi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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117
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Hijioka M, Anan J, Ishibashi H, Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Seki T, Koga T, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T, Katsuki H. Inhibition of Leukotriene B4 Action Mitigates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Associated Pathological Events in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:399-408. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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118
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Moreno JJ. Eicosanoid receptors: Targets for the treatment of disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:7-19. [PMID: 27940058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways and the consequent eicosanoid synthesis in the physiology and pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelium is currently being established. Each eicosanoid (prostanoid, leukotriene, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) preferentially recognizes one or more receptors coupled to one or more signal-transduction processes. This overview focuses on the role of eicosanoid receptors in the maintenance of intestinal epithelium physiology through the control of proliferation/differentiation/apoptosis processes. Furthermore, it is reported that the role of these receptors on the regulation of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium have arisen through the regulation of absorption/secretion processes, tight-junction state and the control of the intestinal immune response. Also, this review considers the implication of AA cascade in the disruption of epithelial homeostasis during inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer as well as the therapeutic values and potential of the eicosanoid receptors as novel targets for the treatments of the pathologies above mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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119
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Lütkecosmann S, Warsinke A, Tschöpe W, Eichler R, Hanack K. A novel monoclonal antibody suitable for the detection of leukotriene B4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1054-1059. [PMID: 27913298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 as an inflammatory mediator is an important biomarker for different respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic lung fibrosis. Therefore the detection of LTB4 is helpful in the diagnosis of these pulmonary diseases. However, until now its determination in exhaled breath condensates suffers from problems of accuracy. Reasons for that could be improper sample collection and preparation methods of condensates and the lack of consistently assay specificity and reproducibility of the used immunoassay detection system. In this study we describe the development and the characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody (S27BC6) against LTB4, its use as molecular recognition element for the development of an enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect LTB4 and discuss possible future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Lütkecosmann
- Chair of Immunotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Warsinke
- FILT GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Katja Hanack
- Chair of Immunotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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120
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Bouchareychas L, Grössinger EM, Kang M, Qiu H, Adamopoulos IE. Critical Role of LTB4/BLT1 in IL-23-Induced Synovial Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:452-460. [PMID: 27895169 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 activates the synthesis and production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in myeloid cells, which modulate inflammatory arthritis. In this study we investigated the role of LTB4 and its receptor LTB4R1 (BLT1) in synovial inflammation and osteoclast differentiation. Specifically, we used IL-23 in vivo gene transfer to induce arthritis in mice and showed that elevated serum LTB4 and synovial expression of 5-lipoxygenase correlated with increased disease severity by histological evaluation and paw swelling compared with GFP gene transfer controls. To further investigate the effect of the LTB4 pathway in bone loss, we performed osteoclast differentiation assays by stimulating with M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand bone marrow cells derived from BLT1+/+ and/or BLT1-/- mice and used quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis in terminally differentiated osteoclasts. Deficiency in BLT1 resulted in the upregulation of osteoclast-related genes and an increase in the formation of giant, multinucleated TRAP+ cells capable of F-actin ring formation. Additionally, BLT1 deficiency showed an increase of phosphorylated NF-κB and phosphorylated IκB levels in osteoclasts. We also performed real-time calcium imaging to study the effect of BLT1 deficiency in receptor activator of NF-κ-B ligand-induced activation of intracellular calcium flux in vitro. Our data show that LTB4 and its receptor BLT1 exacerbate synovial inflammation in vivo and bone resorption in vitro, suggesting that LTB4 and BLT1 could be effectively targeted for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bouchareychas
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Eva M Grössinger
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Mincheol Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Hong Qiu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and .,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817
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121
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Ichiki T, Koga T, Yokomizo T. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Regulates Leukotriene B 4 Receptor 1 Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:747-750. [PMID: 27830944 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), a high-affinity G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), plays important roles in inflammatory and immune reactions. Although the LTB4-BLT1 axis is known to promote inflammation, the binding proteins that modulate LTB4-BLT1 signaling have not been identified. Recently, we discovered that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) interacts with BLT1 and modulates LTB4-BLT1 signaling. We propose RAGE as a new class of GPCR modulator and a new target of future GPCR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Ichiki
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan .,2 Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Program for Leading Graduate Schools, "Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program," Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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122
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Kobayashi Y, Morita M, Ogawa N, Kondo D, Tojo T. Asymmetric synthesis of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid and its 5,6-dihydro- and 14,15-dehydro-derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10667-10673. [PMID: 27786324 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) with an S configuration was synthesised by a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of C10-C17 iodo alcohol with C1-C9 vinylborane. The iodo alcohol was synthesised by utilising Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of the corresponding trimethylsilyl alcohol. The method yielded more than 100 mg of 12-HHT. Similarly, syntheses of 5,6-dihydro- and 14,15-dehydro derivatives of 12-HHT, known as HHD and HHTE, respectively, were completed in a stereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kobayashi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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123
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Okada S. The pathophysiological role of acute inflammation after spinal cord injury. Inflamm Regen 2016; 36:20. [PMID: 29259693 PMCID: PMC5725917 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-016-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes irreparable severe motor and sensory dysfunction. Mechanical trauma rapidly leads to blood-spinal cord barrier disruption, neural cell death, axonal damage, and demyelination, followed by a cascade of secondary injury that expands the additional inflammatory reaction at the lesion site. Although the role of inflammation in this phase is complex, a number of studies have suggested that inflammatory responses spread the damage to the surrounding tissue, induce apoptotic cell death, and impair spontaneous regeneration and functional recovery. However, recent advances in experimental technology, such as the depletion antibodies for a specific fraction of inflammatory cells and the genetically engineered mice deficient only in specific cells, suggest the beneficial aspects of inflammatory cells, such as a neuroprotective effect, the removal of cellular debris, and the attenuation of the inflammatory reaction in general. In this review, I summarize our recent findings about the biological role of inflammatory cells, especially infiltrating neutrophils and activated microglia after SCI. A better understanding of the pathophysiological role of inflammation in the acute phase of SCI will aid in the development of therapeutic strategy to enhance the functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Okada
- Department of Advanced Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan.,Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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124
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Tavares LP, Teixeira MM, Garcia CC. The inflammatory response triggered by Influenza virus: a two edged sword. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:283-302. [PMID: 27744631 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a relevant respiratory tract pathogen leading to a great number of deaths and hospitalizations worldwide. Secondary bacterial infections are a very common cause of IAV associated morbidity and mortality. The robust inflammatory response that follows infection is important for the control of virus proliferation but is also associated with lung damage, morbidity and death. The role of the different components of immune response underlying protection or disease during IAV infection is not completely elucidated. Overall, in the context of IAV infection, inflammation is a 'double edge sword' necessary to control infection but causing disease. Therefore, a growing number of studies suggest that immunomodulatory strategies may improve disease outcome without affecting the ability of the host to deal with infection. This review summarizes recent aspects of the inflammatory responses triggered by IAV that are preferentially involved in causing severe pulmonary disease and the anti-inflammatory strategies that have been suggested to treat influenza induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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125
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Ye ZN, Zhuang Z, Wu LY, Liu JP, Chen Q, Zhang XS, Zhou ML, Zhang ZH, Li W, Wang XL, Hang CH. Expression and cell distribution of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 in the rat brain cortex after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res 2016; 1652:127-134. [PMID: 27725151 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Convincing evidence supports that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-meditated inflammation contributes to the adverse prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and pathologic neutrophil accumulation after SAH in the brain parenchyma enhances the inflammatory process. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a highly potent lipid chemoattractant of neutrophils, and its biological effects are mediated primarily through the high-affinity LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1). It is verified that NF-κB-dependent BLT1 mediates LTB4 signaling and LTB4 stimulates NF-κB-dependent inflammation via BLT1. This study aimed to determine the expression and cell distribution of BLT1 in the brain cortex after SAH and investigate the potential relationship between protein expressions of BLT1 and NF-κB. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into sham group and SAH groups at 6h, 12h and on day 1, day 2 and day 3 (n=6 for each subgroup). SAH groups suffered experimental SAH by injecting 0.3ml autologous blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. BLT1 expression was measured by real-time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Nuclear expression of p65 protein, the major subunit of NF-κB, was also detected by western blot. Our data showed that the expression levels of BLT1 and nuclear p65 protein were both markedly increased after SAH. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between BLT1 and nuclear p65 protein expressions in the same specific time course. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that BLT1 were mainly expressed in neurons, microglia and endothelial cells rather than astrocytes after SAH. These results suggest that BLT1 may participate in the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response after SAH, and there might be important implications for further studies using specific BLT1 antagonists to attenuate the NF-κB-mediated inflammation after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongdu Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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126
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Shigematsu M, Koga T, Ishimori A, Saeki K, Ishii Y, Taketomi Y, Ohba M, Jo-Watanabe A, Okuno T, Harada N, Harayama T, Shindou H, Li JD, Murakami M, Hoka S, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B 4 receptor type 2 protects against pneumolysin-dependent acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34560. [PMID: 27703200 PMCID: PMC5050523 DOI: 10.1038/srep34560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pneumococcal infection is a serious problem worldwide and has a high mortality rate, the molecular mechanisms underlying the lethality caused by pneumococcus remain elusive. Here, we show that BLT2, a G protein-coupled receptor for leukotriene B4 and 12(S)-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT), protects mice from lung injury caused by a pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin (PLY). Intratracheal injection of PLY caused lethal acute lung injury (ALI) in BLT2-deficient mice, with evident vascular leakage and bronchoconstriction. Large amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), classically known as a slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis, were detected in PLY-treated lungs. PLY-dependent vascular leakage, bronchoconstriction, and death were markedly ameliorated by treatment with a CysLT1 receptor antagonist. Upon stimulation by PLY, mast cells produced cysLTs that activated CysLT1 expressed in vascular endothelial cells and bronchial smooth muscle cells, leading to lethal vascular leakage and bronchoconstriction. Treatment of mice with aspirin or loxoprofen inhibited the production of 12-HHT and increased the sensitivity toward PLY, which was also ameliorated by the CysLT1 antagonist. Thus, the present study identifies the molecular mechanism underlying PLY-dependent ALI and suggests the possible use of CysLT1 antagonists as a therapeutic tool to protect against ALI caused by pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Shigematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Airi Jo-Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Harayama
- Lipid Signaling Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Lipid Signaling Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Hoka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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127
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The proinflammatory LTB4/BLT1 signal axis confers resistance to TGF-β1-induced growth inhibition by targeting Smad3 linker region. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41650-66. [PMID: 26497676 PMCID: PMC4747179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent pro-inflammatory eicosanoid that is derived from arachidonic acid, and its signaling is known to have a tumor-promoting role in several cancer types. In this study, we investigated whether enhanced LTB4 signaling confers resistance to the cytostatic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) response. We found that LTB4 pretreatment or ectopic expression of BLT1, a high affinity LTB4 receptor, fully abrogated TGF-β1-induced cell cycle arrest and expression of p15INK4B and p27KIP1. Mechanism study revealed that LTB4-mediated suppression of TGF-β1-induced Smad3 activation and growth inhibition was due to enhanced phosphorylation of Smad3 linker region (pSmad3L) through activation of BLT1-NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)-extracellular signal-activated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)-linked signaling cascade. Furthermore, the LTB4/BLT1 signaling pathway leading to pSmad3L was constitutively activated in breast cancer cells and was correlated with TGF-β1-resistant growth of the cells in vitro and in vivo. In human breast cancer tissues, the expression level of pSmad3L (Thr179) had a positive correlation with BLT1 expression. Collectively, our data demonstrate for the first time that the induction of pSmad3L through BLT1-NOX-ROS-EGFR-PI3K-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is a key mechanism by which LTB4 blocks the anti-proliferative responses of TGF-β1, providing a novel mechanistic insight into the connection between enhanced inflammatory signal and cancer cell growth.
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128
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Smith KJ, Skelton H. Arachidonic Acid-Derived Bioactive Lipids: Their Role and the Role for Their Inhibitors in Dermatology. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347540200600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: In addition to corticosteroids, there are increasing numbers of anti-inflammatory agents that specifically target bioactive lipids generated from arachidonic acid. Knowledge of the diverse mechanisms of action of these different bioactive lipids holds promise in the therapy of a wide spectrum of cutaneous and systemic disorders. Objective: Therapeutic manipulations of these lipid molecules through inhibition, stimulation, or direct replacement have broad physiologic effects. These therapeutic strategies not only modulate inflammation, pain, and hemostatic parameters, they also play a role in cardiac, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal function and disease, as well as in angiogenesis and in factors that control cell growth and apoptosis important in carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Newer drug discovery methods, including combinatorial chemistry with molecular modeling, have made it possible to develop inhibitors and analogs with increasing specificity and bioactivity and decreasing toxicity. Although the application of these analogs and inhibitors for cutaneous disease is limited today, either as primary agents or adjuvant therapy, these drugs will have a place in our therapeutic regimes of the future. We present a review of the therapeutic agents now available from manipulation of these bioactive lipids, and their role and future in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. Smith
- The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense
| | - Henry Skelton
- The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense
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129
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BLT1 signalling protects the liver against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by preventing excessive accumulation of hepatic neutrophils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29650. [PMID: 27404729 PMCID: PMC4939602 DOI: 10.1038/srep29650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. Signalling of LTB4 receptor type 1 (BLT1) has pro-inflammatory functions through neutrophil recruitment. In this study, we investigated whether BLT1 signalling plays a role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury by affecting inflammatory responses including the accumulation of hepatic neutrophils. BLT1-knockout (BLT1−/−) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were subjected to a single APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), and various parameters compared within 24 h after treatment. Compared with WT mice, BLT1−/− mice exhibited exacerbation of APAP-induced liver injury as evidenced by enhancement of alanine aminotransferase level, necrotic area, hepatic neutrophil accumulation, and expression of cytokines and chemokines. WT mice co-treated with APAP and ONO-0457, a specific antagonist for BLT1, displayed amplification of the injury, and similar results to those observed in BLT1−/− mice. Hepatic neutrophils in BLT1−/− mice during APAP hepatotoxicity showed increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Administration of isolated BLT1-deficient neutrophils into WT mice aggravated the liver injury elicited by APAP. These results demonstrate that BLT1 signalling dampens the progression of APAP hepatotoxicity through inhibiting an excessive accumulation of activated neutrophils. The development of a specific agonist for BLT1 could be useful for the prevention of APAP hepatotoxicity.
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130
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Chiba T, Nakahara T, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Yokomizo T, Uchi H, Furue M. The leukotriene B4receptor BLT2 protects barrier function via actin polymerization with phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 in human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:532-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Chiba
- Department of Dermatology; Kyushu University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology; Kyushu University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry; Juntendo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology; Kyushu University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology; Kyushu University School of Medicine; Fukuoka Japan
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131
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Chu J, Praticò D. The 5-Lipoxygenase as modulator of Alzheimer's γ-secretase and therapeutic target. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:207-212. [PMID: 27005438 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment with memory loss, extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides aggregation, and intracellular hyper-phosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) accumulation. Although the 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) protein enzyme is well known as an important modulators of oxidation and inflammation, recent work has highlighted the new hypothesis that this pathway may play a direct role in AD pathogenesis. In this review article, we will discuss how the 5LO via the γ-secretase influences Aβ peptides formation, and other molecular pathologies including neuroinflammation, synaptic integrity, and cognitive functions, and provide an assessment of how targeting this protein could lead to novel therapeutics for AD and other related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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132
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Hassan AI, Ghoneim MAM, Mahmoud MG, Asker MMS, Mohamed SS. Efficacy of polysaccharide from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans MSA3 administration as protection against γ-radiation in female rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:189-200. [PMID: 26712796 PMCID: PMC4795946 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Damage to normal tissues is a consequence of both therapeutic and accidental exposures to ionizing radiation. A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide called AXEPS, composed of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and glucouronic acid in a molar ratio of nearly 1.0:1.6:0.4:2.3, respectively, was isolated from culture medium of strain Alcaligenes xylosoxidans MSA3 by ethanol precipitation followed by freeze-drying. Chemical analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and chromatographic studies revealed that the molecular weight was 1.6 × 10(4) g mol(-1). This study was designed to investigate the radioprotective and biological effects of AXEPS in alleviating the toxicity of ionizing radiation in female albino rats. A total of 32 female albino rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, rats were administered vehicle by tube for four weeks. The second group was administered AXEPS (100 mg/kg) orally by gavage for four weeks. Animals in the third group were exposed to whole-body γ-rays (5 Gy) and remained for 2 weeks without treatment. The fourth group received AXEPS (100 mg/kg) orally by gavage for two weeks before being exposed to whole-body γ-rays (5 Gy), then 24 h post γ-rays, they received AXEPS (100 mg/kg) in a treatment continuing till the end of the experiment (15 days after the whole-body γ-irradiation). Oral administration of AXEPS (100 mg/kg) significantly reversed the oxidative stress effects of radiation, as evidenced by the decrease in DNA damage in the bone marrow. Assessment of apoptosis and cell proliferation markers revealed that caspase-3 significantly increased in the irradiated group. Moreover, a significant decrease in the hematological constituents of peripheral blood, the chemotactic index and CD8+ T cells were observed in animals in the irradiation-only group, whereas an increase in the lymphocyte index was observed in animals in that group. In contrast, AXEPS treatment prevented these alterations. From our results, we conclude that AXEPS is a potent antioxidant and treatment agent for protection from γ-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal I Hassan
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Mona A M Ghoneim
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohsen M S Asker
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Saher S Mohamed
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
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133
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Oh DY, Olefsky JM. G protein-coupled receptors as targets for anti-diabetic therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:161-72. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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134
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Ichiki T, Koga T, Okuno T, Saeki K, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Sakaguchi M, Yokomizo T. Modulation of leukotriene B
4
receptor 1 signaling by receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). FASEB J 2016; 30:1811-22. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Ichiki
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular BiologyKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaJapan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell BiologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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135
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Dong R, Xie L, Zhao K, Zhang Q, Zhou M, He P. Cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in COPD mediated via LTB4/BLT1/SOCS1 pathway. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 11:31-41. [PMID: 26730186 PMCID: PMC4694688 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s96412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is crucial for the negative regulation of inflammation. We investigated the relationship between smoking, SOCS1, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in vitro and in clinical samples of COPD; besides which we detected the impact of LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) antagonist on inflammation. METHODS SOCS1 expression in bronchial mucosa was determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also detect SOCS1 and BLT1 expression in alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by real time-PCR, in addition to measuring the level of cytokines in BALF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, we investigated the expression of SOCS1 in cigarette smoke extract-induced mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and detected the level of cytokines in the supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, we investigated the effects of BLT1 antagonist U-75302 on SOCS1 expression in these cells. RESULTS We obtained endobronchial biopsies (15 COPD patients and 12 non-COPD control subjects) and BALF (20 COPD patients and 20 non-COPD control subjects), and our results showed that SOCS1 expression significantly decreased in lung tissues from COPD patients. Inflammatory cytokines in BALF were higher in COPD and these inflammatory cytokines negatively correlate with SOCS1 levels. Further, the BLT1 antagonist restored SOCS1 expression and in turn inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro. CONCLUSION Long-term cigarette smoke exposure induced SOCS1 degradation and LTB4 accumulation, which was associated with emphysema and inflammation. A BLT1 antagonist might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaishun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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136
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Differential Contribution of BLT1 and BLT2 to Leukotriene B4-Induced Human NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Migration. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:389849. [PMID: 26696753 PMCID: PMC4678237 DOI: 10.1155/2015/389849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) via its receptors BLT1 and/or BLT2 (BLTRs) could have an important role in regulating infection, tumour progression, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we showed that LTB4 not only augments cytotoxicity by NK cells but also induces their migration. We found that approximately 30% of fresh NK cells express BLT1, 36% express BLT2, and 15% coexpress both receptors. The use of selective BLTR antagonists indicated that BLT1 was involved in both LTB4-induced migration and cytotoxicity, whereas BLT2 was involved exclusively in NK cell migration, but only in response to higher concentrations of LTB4. BLT1 and BLT2 expression increased after activation of NK cells with IL-2 and IL-15. These changes of BLTR expression by cytokines were reflected in enhanced NK cell responses to LTB4. Our findings suggest that BLT1 and BLT2 play differential roles in LTB4-induced modulation of NK cell activity.
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137
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Duvall MG, Levy BD. DHA- and EPA-derived resolvins, protectins, and maresins in airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:144-155. [PMID: 26546247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids can serve as important regulators of inflammation. A new window into mechanisms for the resolution of inflammation was opened with the identification and structural elucidation of mediators derived from these fatty acids with pro-resolving capacity. Inflammation is necessary to ensure the continued health of the organism after an insult or injury; however, unrestrained inflammation can lead to injury "from within" and chronic changes that may prove both morbid and fatal. The resolution phase of inflammation, once thought to be a passive event, is now known to be a highly regulated, active, and complex program that terminates the inflammatory response once the threat has been contained. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are biosynthesized from omega-3 essential fatty acids to resolvins, protectins, and maresins and from omega-6 fatty acids to lipoxins. Through cell-specific actions mediated through select receptors, these SPMs are potent regulators of neutrophil infiltration, cytokine and chemokine production, and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, promoting a return to tissue homeostasis. This process appears to be defective in several common human lung diseases, such as asthma and COPD, which are characterized by chronic unrestrained inflammation and significant associated morbidity. Here, we highlight translational research in animal models of disease and with human subjects that sheds light on this rapidly evolving area of science and review the molecular and cellular components of the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody G Duvall
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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138
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Ishii Y, Saeki K, Liu M, Sasaki F, Koga T, Kitajima K, Meno C, Okuno T, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B
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receptor type 2 (BLT2) enhances skin barrier function by regulating tight junction proteins. FASEB J 2015; 30:933-47. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ishii
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Research Institute for Diseases of the ChestKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Kitajima
- Department of Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Medical BiochemistryKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of BiochemistryJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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139
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Lämmermann T. In the eye of the neutrophil swarm-navigation signals that bring neutrophils together in inflamed and infected tissues. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 100:55-63. [PMID: 26416718 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1mr0915-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are sentinel cells that express in higher vertebrates >30 chemokine and chemoattractant receptors to sense and quickly react to tissue damage signals. Intravital microscopy studies in mouse models of wounding, inflammation, and infection have revealed that neutrophils form cell swarms at local sites of tissue injury and cell death. This swarming response is choreographed by chemokines, lipids, and other chemoattractants, controlling sequential phases of highly coordinated chemotaxis, intercellular signal relay, and cluster formation among neutrophils. This review will give a brief overview about the basic principles and key molecules that have led to the refined multistep model of how neutrophils come together to isolate sites of tissue injury and microbial invasion from healthy tissue. Whereas auto- and paracrine signaling among neutrophils during later phases of swarming can provide a level of self-organization for robust navigation in diverse inflammatory settings, guidance factors from primary tissue lesions, resident bystander cells, and dying cells regulate the initial phases of the swarming response. This review will discuss how the specific environmental context and mixture of attractants at the locally inflamed site can lead to variants of the multistep attraction model and influence the extent of neutrophil swarming, ranging from accumulations of only few individual cells to the aggregation of several hundreds of neutrophils, as found in abscesses. Given the critical roles of neutrophils in both host protection and tissue destruction, novel insights on neutrophil swarming might provide useful for the therapeutic modulation of neutrophil-dependent inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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140
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O’Dwyer CA, O’Brien ME, Wormald MR, White MM, Banville N, Hurley K, McCarthy C, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. The BLT1 Inhibitory Function of α-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Disrupts Leukotriene B4Neutrophil Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3628-41. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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141
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Kiyoyuki Y, Taniguchi W, Okubo M, Yamanaka H, Kobayashi K, Nishio N, Nakatsuka T, Noguchi K. Leukotriene enhances NMDA-induced inward currents in dorsal horn neurons of the rat spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Pain 2015; 11:53. [PMID: 26353783 PMCID: PMC4563829 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LTB4 is classified as a leukotriene (LT), a group of lipid mediators that are derived from arachidonic acid. It is recognized that leukotrienes are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including peripheral inflammatory pain. However, little is known about the effects of leukotrienes on the spinal dorsal horn during neuropathic pain. Previously, we reported that there was increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) at spinal microglia, and the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), a high affinity receptor of LTB4, in spinal neurons in spared nerve injury (SNI) model rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of LTB4 on spinal dorsal horn neurons in both naïve and SNI model rats using patch-clamp methods. RESULTS Bath application of LTB4 did not change AMPA receptor-mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or membrane potentials. However, we found that LTB4 enhanced the amplitude of NMDA receptor-mediated sEPSCs and significantly increased exogenous NMDA-induced inward currents in SNI model rats. This increase of inward currents could be inhibited by a selective LTB4 antagonist, U75302, as well as a GDP-β-S, a G-protein inhibitor. These results indicate that both increased LTB4 from spinal microglia or increased BLT1 in spinal neurons after peripheral nerve injury can enhance the activity of NMDA receptors through intracellular G-proteins in spinal dorsal horn neurons. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that LTB4, which may originate from microglia, can activate BLT1 receptors which are expressed on the membrane of spinal dorsal horn neurons during neuropathic pain. This glia-neuron interaction induces the enhancement of NMDA currents through intracellular G-proteins. The enhancement of NMDA receptor sensitivity of dorsal horn neurons may lead to central sensitization, leading to mechanical pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukuni Kiyoyuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan. .,Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1 Wakaba Kumatori-cho, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan.
| | - Wataru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Mimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Okubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nishio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Mimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Nakatsuka
- Pain Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1 Wakaba Kumatori-cho, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan.
| | - Koichi Noguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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142
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in VTI1A Gene Contribute to the Susceptibility of Chinese Population to Non-Small Cell Lung cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e286-93. [PMID: 25744365 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have determined a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) called VTI1A (rs7086803) that induces lung cancer susceptibility in nonsmoking women in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the VTI1A gene and the susceptibility of Chinese patients to lung cancer; it was also conducted to investigate the relationship between VTI1A SNP and adiponectin receptor 1 expression. Methods A total of 887 subjects were enrolled in this study. VTI1A (rs7086803) genotypes were determined by genotyping. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test. Results Multivariate regression analysis results indicated that the AA genotype of VTI1A (rs7086803) polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of developing non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) compared with the GG genotype (AA vs. GG: odds ratio [OR] = 2.020; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.033-3.949, p = 0.037). The AA genotype of VTI1A (rs7086803) in smokers predicted significantly shorter OS (median survival time [MST]: AA 9.8 months, AG 19.3 months, GG 12.2 months, p = 0.017). Adiponectin receptor 1 expression in tumor tissues with the AA genotype was significantly lower than that for other genotypes (mean rank: AA 18.55, AG 25, GG 45.76, p = 0.001). Conclusions The presence of the allele A of VTI1A (rs7086803) may be the allele contributing to the risk of lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese population. Smoking lung cancer patients with the AA genotype of VTI1A gene (rs7086803) had a poor survival rate. Adiponectin receptor 1 expression may be correlated with the susceptibility of the allele A of VTI1A.
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143
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Rousseau M, Naika GS, Perron J, Jacques F, Gelb MH, Boilard E. Study of the role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha in eicosanoid generation and thymocyte maturation in the thymus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126204. [PMID: 25969996 PMCID: PMC4430275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, home of maturation and selection of thymocytes for generation of functional T-cells. Multiple factors are involved throughout the different stages of the maturation process to tightly regulate T-cell production. The metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and specific isomerases generates eicosanoids, lipid mediators capable of triggering cellular responses. In this study, we determined the profile of expression of the eicosanoids present in the mouse thymus at different stages of thymocyte development. As the group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids, thereby generating arachidonic acid, we further verified its contribution by including cPLA2α deficient mice to our investigations. We found that a vast array of eicosanoids is expressed in the thymus, which expression is substantially modulated through thymocyte development. The cPLA2α was dispensable in the generation of most eicosanoids in the thymus and consistently, the ablation of the cPLA2α gene in mouse thymus and the culture of thymuses from human newborns in presence of the cPLA2α inhibitor pyrrophenone did not impact thymocyte maturation. This study provides information on the eicosanoid repertoire present during thymocyte development and suggests that thymocyte maturation can occur independently of cPLA2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gajendra S. Naika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, the United States of America
| | - Jean Perron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic Jacques
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, the United States of America
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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144
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Viola J, Soehnlein O. Atherosclerosis - A matter of unresolved inflammation. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:184-93. [PMID: 25865626 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is commonly looked upon as a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall arising from an unbalanced lipid metabolism and a maladaptive inflammatory response. However, atherosclerosis is not merely an inflammation of the vessel wall. In fact, the cardinal signs of unstable atherosclerotic lesions are primarily characteristics of failed resolution of a chronic inflammation. In contrast to acute inflammatory events which are typically self-limiting, atherosclerosis is an unresolved inflammatory condition, lacking the switch from the pro-inflammatory to the pro-resolving phase, the latter characterized by termination of inflammatory cell recruitment, removal of inflammatory cells from the site of inflammation by apoptosis and dead cell clearance, reprogramming of macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype, and finally egress of effector cells and tissue regeneration. Here we present an overview on mechanisms of failed resolution contributing to atheroprogression and deliver a summary of novel therapeutic strategies to restore resolution in inflamed arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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145
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Asahara M, Ito N, Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T, Yamada Y. The absence of the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 attenuates peripheral inflammation and spinal nociceptive processing following intraplantar formalin injury. Mol Pain 2015; 11:11. [PMID: 25889478 PMCID: PMC4363055 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation, and its biological effects are mediated primarily through the high affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1. Although numerous studies have reported that LTB4-BLT1 signaling is involved in inflammatory diseases, the role of BLT1 signaling in pain remains undefined. To clarify the role of LTB4-BLT1 signaling in acute inflammatory pain induced by tissue injury, we performed pain behavioral analysis and assessment of local inflammation induced by peripheral formalin injections in BLT1 knockout mice. We examined the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the spinal cord both in wild-type and BLT1 knockout mice because phosphorylation of CREB in spinal cord neurons is important for nociceptive sensitization following peripheral injury. We also examined the effect of a BLT1 antagonist on formalin-induced pain responses in mice. RESULTS BLT1 knockout mice exhibited markedly attenuated nociceptive responses induced by intraplantar formalin injections. Edema formation and neutrophil infiltration in the paw were significantly decreased in BLT1 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Phosphorylation of CREB in the spinal cord after the intraplantar formalin injection was decreased in BLT1 knockout mice. In addition, mice pretreated with a BLT1 antagonist showed reduced nociception and attenuated CREB phosphorylation in the spinal cord after the formalin injection. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LTB4-BLT1 axis contributes not only to the peripheral inflammation but also to the neuronal activation in the spinal cord induced by intraplantar formalin injections. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling is a potential target for therapeutic intervention of acute and persistent pain induced by tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Asahara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuko Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling Project, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Lipidomics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitsugu Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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146
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Okuno T, Ishitani T, Yokomizo T. Biochemical characterization of three BLT receptors in zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117888. [PMID: 25738285 PMCID: PMC4349892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a high affinity receptor for LTB4, a chemotactic and inflammatory eicosanoid. The LTB4 receptor 2 (BLT2) was originally identified as a low affinity receptor for LTB4, and, more recently, as a high affinity receptor for 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT). The zebrafish BLT receptors have not been previously identified and the in vivo functions of these receptors have been unknown. In this paper, we describe one zebrafish BLT1-like receptor, Blt1, and two zebrafish BLT2-like receptors, Blt2a and Blt2b. Cells expressing Blt1 exhibited LTB4-induced intracellular [Ca2+] increases, inhibition of cAMP production, ligand-dependent [35S]GTPγS binding, and transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) shedding activity in a dose-dependent manner, similar to human BLT1. Cells expressing Blt2a and Blt2b exhibited 12-HHT- and LTB4-induced intracellular [Ca2+] increases, inhibition of cAMP production, [35S]GTPγS binding, and TGFα shedding activity, with a dose-dependency similar to human BLT2. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis and whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that blt1, blt2a, blt2b, zebrafish LTA4 hydrolase (lta4h), and zebrafish 5-lipoxiganase (5lo) are expressed in zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of blt1 by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides resulted in delayed epiboly at gastrulation. Consistently, knockdown of lta4h, an enzyme mediating LTB4 production, induced a phenotype similar to knockdown of blt1. These results suggest that the LTB4-BLT1 axis is involved in epiboly in zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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147
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Hansen AK, Indrevik JT, Figenschau Y, Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Sveinbjörnsson B. Human articular chondrocytes express functional leukotriene B4 receptors. J Anat 2015; 226:268-77. [PMID: 25677035 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant associated with the development of osteoarthritis (OA), while its receptors BLT1 and BLT2 have been found in synovium and subchondral bone. In this study, we have investigated whether these receptors are also expressed by human cartilage cells and their potential effects on cartilage cells. The expression of LTB4 receptors in native tissue and cultured cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. The functional significance of the LTB4 receptor expression was studied by Western blotting, using phospho-specific antibodies in the presence or absence of receptor antagonists. In further studies, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and metalloproteinases by LTB4-stimulated chondrocytes was measured by multiplex protein assays. The effects of LTB4 in cartilage signature gene expression in cultured cells were assessed by quantitative PCR, whereas the LTB4-promoted matrix synthesis was determined using 3D pellet cultures. Both receptors were present in cultured chondrocytes, as was confirmed by immunolabelling and PCR. The relative quantification by PCR demonstrated a higher expression of the receptors in cells from healthy joints compared with OA cases. The stimulation of cultured chondrocytes with LTB4 resulted in a phosphorylation of downstream transcription factor Erk 1/2, which was reduced after blocking BLT1 signalling. No alteration in the secretion of cytokine and metalloproteinases was recorded after challenging cultured cells with LTB4; likewise, cartilage matrix gene expression and 3D tissue synthesis were unaffected. Chondrocytes express BLT1 and BLT2 receptors, and LTB4 activates the downstream Erk 1/2 pathway by engaging the high-affinity receptor BLT1. However, any putative role in cartilage biology could not be revealed, and remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Hansen
- Department of Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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148
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Liu M, Yokomizo T. The role of leukotrienes in allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2015; 64:17-26. [PMID: 25572555 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs), both LTB4 and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, are implicated in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders. These lipid mediators are generated from arachidonic acid via multistep enzymatic reactions through which arachidonic acid is liberated from membrane phospholipids through the action of phospholipase A2. LTB4 and CysLTs exert their biological effects by binding to cognate receptors, which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. LTB4 is widely considered to be a potent chemoattractant for most subsets of leukocytes, whereas CysLTs are potent bronchoconstrictors that have effects on airway remodeling. LTs play a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma and many other inflammatory diseases. This review will provide an update on the synthesis, biological function, and relevance of LTs to the pathobiology of allergic diseases, and examine the current and future therapeutic prospects of LT modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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149
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Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent inflammatory mediator derived from arachidonic acid. Two G protein-coupled receptors for LTB4 have been identified: a high-affinity receptor, BLT1, and a low-affinity receptor, BLT2. Both receptors mainly couple to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi-like G proteins and induce cell migration. 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) was identified to bind BLT2 with higher affinity than LTB4. Expression of BLT1 was confirmed in type 1 helper T cells, type 2 helper T cells, type 17 helper T cells, effector CD8(+) T cells, dendritic cells and osteoclasts in addition to granulocytes, eosinophils and macrophages, and BLT1-deficient mice showed greatly reduced phenotypes in models of various inflammatory diseases, such as peritonitis, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. In mice, BLT2 expression is restricted to intestinal epithelial cells and epidermal keratinocytes. BLT2-deficient mice showed enhanced colitis after administration of dextran sulfate, possibly due to reduced intestinal barrier function. An aspirin-dependent reduction in 12-HHT production was responsible for delayed skin wound healing, showing that the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis also plays an important role in skin biology. BLT1 and BLT2 are therefore potential targets for the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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150
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Horn T, Adel S, Schumann R, Sur S, Kakularam KR, Polamarasetty A, Redanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 57:13-39. [PMID: 25435097 PMCID: PMC7112624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saubashya Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
| | - Pallu Redanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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