101
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Zhang S, Cao L, Li Z, Qu D. Metabolic reprogramming links chronic intestinal inflammation and the oncogenic transformation in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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102
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Abstract
There are hundreds of rare orphan lung diseases. We have highlighted five of them, one from each of the five major categories of pulmonary disorders: pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (a rare diffuse parenchymal lung disease), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (a rare autoimmune and diffuse parenchymal lung disease), lymphangioleiomyomatosis (a rare cystic lung disease), yellow nail syndrome (a rare pleural disease), and Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (a rare airway disorder). The pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and prognosis of each disorder is discussed. This review is by no means exhaustive and further research is needed to improve our understanding of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajawal Ali
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, HUB for Collaborative Medicine, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Uzair Khan Ghori
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, HUB for Collaborative Medicine, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ali I Musani
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Academic Office 1, 12631 East 17th Avenue, M/S C323, Office # 8102, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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103
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Li T, Liu X, Gong X, E Q, Zhang X, Zhang X. microRNA 92b-3p regulates primordial follicle assembly by targeting TSC1 in neonatal mouse ovaries. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:824-833. [PMID: 30880550 PMCID: PMC6527271 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1593648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The primordial follicle pool, providing all oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life, is established perinatally. The formation of primordial follicle pool is regulated by precise transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Recent studies have identified several microRNAs as post-transcriptional regulatory factors in the process of primordial follicle assembly. Here, we showed that miR-92b-3p was significantly upregulated in the stage of primordial follicle assembly in newborn mouse ovaries. Inhibiting miR-92b-3p suppressed the formation of primordial follicles, while overexpression of miR-92b-3p accelerated the processes of cyst breakdown and the following primordial follicle assembly. Accordingly, the expression of follicular development-related genes was reduced upon inhibiting of miR-92b-3p and increased under miR-92b-3p overexpression. Mechanistic studies identified TSC1 as a direct target of miR-92b-3p. miR-92b-3p could activate mTOR/Rps6 signaling through targeting and inhibiting TSC1 expression. In addition, knockdown of TSC1 showed an identical phenotype with that of miR-92b-3p overexpression in accelerating processes of cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. Thus, our work demonstrates that miR-92b-3p is a novel regulator of primordial follicle assembly by negatively regulating TSC1 in mTOR/Rps6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiukai E
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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104
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The Circadian Protein Period2 Suppresses mTORC1 Activity via Recruiting Tsc1 to mTORC1 Complex. Cell Metab 2019; 29:653-667.e6. [PMID: 30527742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although emerging evidence indicates an important role of the circadian clock in modulating the diurnal oscillation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that Period2 (Per2), a core clock protein, functions as a scaffold protein to tether tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1), Raptor, and mTOR together to specifically suppress the activity of mTORC1 complex. Due to the loss of its inhibition of mTORC1, Per2 deficiency significantly enhances protein synthesis and cell proliferation but reduces autophagy. Furthermore, we find that the glucagon-Creb/Crtc2 signaling cascade induces Per2 expression, which mediates the suppression of mTORC1 in mouse liver during fasting. Our study not only uncovers a novel role of Per2 in regulating the mTORC1 pathway, but also sheds new light on the mechanism of fasting inhibition on mTORC1 in the liver.
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105
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Choi JC, Wu W, Phillips E, Plevin R, Sera F, Homma S, Worman HJ. Elevated dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 in cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation is primarily ERK1/2-dependent and its depletion improves cardiac function and survival. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2290-2305. [PMID: 29668927 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) encoding the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A and C cause a group of tissue-selective diseases, the most common of which is dilated cardiomyopathy (herein referred to as LMNA cardiomyopathy) with variable skeletal muscle involvement. We previously showed that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is involved in the pathogenesis of LMNA cardiomyopathy. However, how mutations in LMNA activate Dusp4 expression and whether it is necessary for the development of LMNA cardiomyopathy are currently unknown. We now show that female LmnaH222P/H222P mice, a model for LMNA cardiomyopathy, have increased Dusp4 expression and hyperactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 with delayed kinetics relative to male mice, consistent with the sex-dependent delay in the onset and progression of disease. Mechanistically, we show that the H222P amino acid substitution in lamin A enhances its binding to ERK1/2 and increases sequestration at the nuclear envelope. Finally, we show that genetic deletion of Dusp4 has beneficial effects on heart function and prolongs survival in LmnaH222P/H222P mice. These results further establish Dusp4 as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of LMNA cardiomyopathy and a potential target for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Choi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Fusako Sera
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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106
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Zeng W, Qi W, Mu J, Wei Y, Yang LL, Zhang Q, Wu Q, Tang JY, Feng B. MG132 protects against renal dysfunction by regulating Akt-mediated inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2049. [PMID: 30765727 PMCID: PMC6375942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To date, mounting evidence has shown that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of DN. Recent reports have shown that proteasome inhibitors display cytoprotection by reducing the phosphorylation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a critical role in cellular survival and metabolism and can crosstalk with inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that MG132, specific proteasome inhibitor, could provide renoprotection by suppressing Akt-mediated inflammation in DN. In vivo, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic nephropathy group (DN), DN model plus MG132 treatment group (MG132), and DN model plus deguelin treatment group (Deguelin)(deguelin, a specific inhibitor of Akt). In vitro, a human glomerular mesangial cell lines (HMCs) was exposed to 5.5 mmol/L glucose (CON), 30 mmol/L glucose (HG), 30 mmol/L glucose with 0.5 umol/L MG132 (MG132) and 30 mmol/L glucose with 5 umol/L deguelin (Deguelin). Compared with NC, DN showed a significant increase in the urinary protein excretion rate and inflammatory cytokines, as well as p-Akt. Compared with CON, HMCs co-cultured with HG was notably proliferated, which is in accord with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. These alterations were inhibited by administration of MG132 or deguelin. In conclusion, MG132 significantly inhibits the development of DN by regulating Akt phosphorylation-mediated inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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107
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog -mutant colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1106-1121. [PMID: 30362665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play critical roles in colorectal cancer (CRC). These alterations, which correlate to KRAS mutations, have been identified as energy metabolism signatures. This review summarizes the relationship between colorectal tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism, especially for the deregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review will concentrate on the role of metabolic genes, factors and signaling pathways, which are coupled with the primary energy source connected with the KRAS mutation that induces metabolic alterations. Strategies for targeting energy metabolism in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, deregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with KRAS mutations in colorectal tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors, agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling, may be clinically useful for colorectal tumor treatment through a patient-personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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108
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Huang J, Gu S, Chen M, Zhang SJ, Jiang Z, Chen X, Jiang C, Liu G, Radu RA, Sun X, Vollrath D, Du J, Yan B, Zhao C. Abnormal mTORC1 signaling leads to retinal pigment epithelium degeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1170-1180. [PMID: 30867823 PMCID: PMC6401408 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of several retinal degenerative diseases. mTORC1 signaling is shown as a crucial regulator of many biological processes and disease progression. In this study, we aimed at investigating the role of mTORC1 signaling in RPE degeneration. Methods: Western blots were conducted to detect mTORC1 expression pattern during RPE degeneration. Cre-loxP system was used to generate RPE-specific mTORC1 activation mice. Fundus, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, and targeted metabolomic analysis were conducted to determine the effects of mTORC1 activation on RPE degeneration in vivo. Electroretinography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and histological experiments were conducted to determine the effects of mTORC1 activation on choroidal and retinal function in vivo. Results: RPE-specific activation of mTORC1 led to RPE degeneration as shown by the loss of RPE-specific marker, compromised cell junction integrity, and intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets. RPE degeneration further led to abnormal choroidal and retinal function. The inhibition of mTORC1 signaling with rapamycin could partially reverse RPE degeneration. Targeted metabolomics analysis further revealed that mTORC1 activation affected the metabolism of purine, carboxylic acid, and niacin in RPE. Conclusion: This study revealed that abnormal activation of mTORC1 signaling leads to RPE degeneration, which could provide a promising target for the treatment of RPE dysfunction-related diseases.
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109
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Estrada CC, Maldonado A, Mallipattu SK. Therapeutic Inhibition of VEGF Signaling and Associated Nephrotoxicities. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:187-200. [PMID: 30642877 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling is a common therapeutic strategy in oncology, with new drugs continuously in development. In this review, we consider the experimental and clinical evidence behind the diverse nephrotoxicities associated with the inhibition of this pathway. We also review the renal effects of VEGF inhibition's mediation of key downstream signaling pathways, specifically MAPK/ERK1/2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Direct VEGFA inhibition via antibody binding or VEGF trap (a soluble decoy receptor) is associated with renal-specific thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Reports also indicate that tyrosine kinase inhibition of the VEGF receptors is preferentially associated with glomerulopathies such as minimal change disease and FSGS. Inhibition of the downstream pathway RAF/MAPK/ERK has largely been associated with tubulointerstitial injury. Inhibition of mTOR is most commonly associated with albuminuria and podocyte injury, but has also been linked to renal-specific TMA. In all, we review the experimentally validated mechanisms by which VEGFA-VEGFR2 inhibitors contribute to nephrotoxicity, as well as the wide range of clinical manifestations that have been reported with their use. We also highlight potential avenues for future research to elucidate mechanisms for minimizing nephrotoxicity while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea C Estrada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; and
| | - Alejandro Maldonado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; and
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; and .,Renal Section, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York
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110
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Genetic alteration of Exon 5 of the PTEN gene in Indian patients with ameloblastoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 127:225-230. [PMID: 30598407 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of the signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. The phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homologue controls cell migration and proliferation. It monitors the level of Akt and maintains cellular integrity. The aim of the present study was to study the genetic alteration of Exon 5 of the PTEN gene in Indian patients with ameloblastoma. STUDY DESIGN Total DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 20 cases with solid multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA) and from 10 cases with normal tooth germ. Exon 5 of the PTEN gene, was assessed for its role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma. RESULTS Five of 20 cases of SMA showed genetic alteration. Of these cases 3 (15%) showed silent mutation, 1 (5%) showed change in amino acid sequence from valine to glutamic acid, and 1 (5%) showed nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed 25% somatic mutational frequency in exonic region 5 of the PTEN gene. This may indicate its role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma.
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111
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Ubiquitination of Rheb governs growth factor-induced mTORC1 activation. Cell Res 2018; 29:136-150. [PMID: 30514904 PMCID: PMC6355928 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a key role in the integration of various environmental signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. mTORC1 is recruited to the lysosome where it is activated by its interaction with GTP-bound Rheb GTPase. However, the regulatory mechanism of Rheb activity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that ubiquitination governs the nucleotide-bound status of Rheb. Lysosome-anchored E3 ligase RNF152 catalyzes Rheb ubiquitination and promotes its binding to the TSC complex. EGF enhances the deubiquitination of Rheb through AKT-dependent USP4 phosphorylation, leading to the release of Rheb from the TSC complex. Functionally, ubiquitination of Rheb is linked to mTORC1-mediated signaling and consequently regulates tumor growth. Thus, we propose a mechanistic model whereby Rheb–mediated mTORC1 activation is dictated by a dynamic opposing act between Rheb ubiquitination and deubiquitination that are catalyzed by RNF152 and USP4 respectively.
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112
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K, Wang YZ, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategies to target energy metabolism in consensus molecular subtype 3 along with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5601-5612. [PMID: 30341899 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular energy metabolism play a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has been identified as the definition of consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), and CMS3 tumors exhibit energy metabolism signatures along with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-activating mutations. This review summarizes the relationship between CMS3 tumors associated with mutated KRAS and energy metabolism in CRC, especially for the dysregulated energy metabolism that affects tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, this review concentrates on the role of metabolic genes and factors and signaling pathways, which coupled with a primary energy source connected with the CMS3 associated with mutated KRAS, induce metabolic alterations. The strategies to target energy metabolism for the metabolic alterations in mutated KRAS CRC are also introduced. In conclusion, dysregulated energy metabolism has a close relationship with mutated KRAS in CMS3 tumors. Therefore, selective inhibitors or agents against metabolic targets or KRAS signaling may be clinically useful for CMS3 tumor treatment through a personalized approach for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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113
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First Intracardiac Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma in an Infant Resolved With Sirolimus: A Case Report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:536-540. [PMID: 30067556 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare and aggressive vascular tumor that can be associated with a consumptive coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia (Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon). Only one case of an intracardiac KHE has been reported which was treated with surgical excision and then expectant management. CASE PRESENTATION We present a patient with an intracardiac KHE which presented as a large mass surrounding the atria, pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, and infiltrating the atrial septum with moderate compression of the superior vena cava and mild compression of the pulmonary veins. This tumor clinically presented as persistent tachypnea and was unresponsive to conventional therapy with vincristine and steroids but responded dramatically to Sirolimus with almost complete regression on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS None of the current treatments for KHE, alone or in combination therapy have been found to be effective in a uniform or reproducible manner. Well designed, preferably randomized trials are required for a better understanding of the appropriate dosage and duration as well as response to treatment and a consensus of first and second line therapies.
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114
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Zhu Q, Wang H, Jiang B, Ni X, Jiang L, Li C, Wang X, Zhang F, Ke B, Lu L. Loss of ATF3 exacerbates liver damage through the activation of mTOR/p70S6K/ HIF-1α signaling pathway in liver inflammatory injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:910. [PMID: 30185770 PMCID: PMC6125320 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays important roles in regulating immune and metabolic homeostasis. Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors are crucial for the regulation of immune cell function. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which the ATF3/mTOR/HIF-1 axis regulates immune responses in a liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Deletion of ATF3 exacerbated liver damage, as evidenced by increased levels of serum ALT, intrahepatic macrophage/neutrophil trafficking, hepatocellular apoptosis, and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. ATF3 deficiency promoted mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation, activated high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and TLR4, inhibited prolyl-hydroxylase 1 (PHD1), and increased HIF-1α activity, leading to Foxp3 downregulation and RORγt and IL-17A upregulation in IRI livers. Blocking mTOR or p70S6K in ATF3 knockout (KO) mice or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) downregulated HMGB1, TLR4, and HIF-1α and upregulated PHD1, increasing Foxp3 and decreasing IL-17A levels in vitro. Silencing of HIF-1α in ATF3 KO mice ameliorated IRI-induced liver damage in parallel with the downregulation of IL-17A in ATF3-deficient mice. These findings demonstrated that ATF3 deficiency activated mTOR/p70S6K/HIF-1α signaling, which was crucial for the modulation of TLR4-driven inflammatory responses and T cell development. The present study provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver IRI followed by liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhao Ni
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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115
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Wang H, Zhang H, Sun Q, Yang J, Zeng C, Ding C, Cai D, Liu A, Bai X. Chondrocyte mTORC1 activation stimulates miR‐483‐5p via HDAC4 in osteoarthritis progression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2730-2740. [PMID: 30145794 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical CollegeHaikou China
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsAcademy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Qiuyi Sun
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMaterials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University ParkPA USA
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of OrthopedicsAcademy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of OrthopedicsAcademy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Anling Liu
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou China
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Shu Y, Xia J, Yu Q, Wang G, Zhang J, He J, Wang H, Zhang L, Wu H. Integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles reveals muscle growth differences between adult female and male Chinese concave-eared frogs (Odorrana tormota). Gene 2018; 678:241-251. [PMID: 30103010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese concave-eared torrent frog (Odorrana tormota) is the first known non-mammalian vertebrate that can communicate using ultrasound. In this species, females are approximately four times as large as males, in which the female growth rate is obviously higher than that of male. Until now, the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle growth development differences between male and female frogs have not been reported. Here, we integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiles to reveal growth differences in the hindlimb muscles of 2-year-old frogs. Among 569 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 69 were associated with muscle growth and regeneration. Fifty-one up-regulated genes in females were potentially involved in promoting muscle growth and regeneration, whereas 18 up-regulated genes in males may lead to muscle growth inhibition and fast-twitch muscle fiber contraction. 244 DEGs were enriched in mTOR and other protein synthesis signaling pathways, and protein degradation pathways, including lysosomal protease, calpain, caspase, and ubiquitin-proteasome system pathways. It may interpret why female muscles grow faster than males. Based on expression differences of genes involved in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism, we speculated that the proportion of slow muscle fiber was higher and that of fast muscle fiber was lower in female compared with male muscle. Additionally, 767 miRNAs were identified, including 217 new miRNAs, and 6248 miRNA-negatively regulated mRNAs were predicted. The miRNA target genes were enriched in pathways related to muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation. Thus, in addition to the identified mRNA differential expressions, miRNAs may play other important roles in the differential regulation of hindlimb muscle growth between female and male O. tormota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jinquan Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Hailong Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Wuhu 241000, China; College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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117
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Göktuna Sİ. IKBKE inhibits TSC1 to activate the mTOR/S6K pathway for oncogenic transformation. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:268-278. [PMID: 30814890 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1801-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IKBKE (IKKε) has emerged as a key modulator of multiple substrates, controlling oncogenic pathways in various malignancies. mTOR signaling, required for cellular growth, proliferation, and vascular angiogenesis in cancer, is potentially one of the pathways regulated by IKKε. Upon activation by various stimuli, PI3K/AKT or similar effectors can relieve the inhibitory effect of the TSC1/TSC2 complex through their phosphorylation to favor mTOR/S6K activation in the downstream. Therefore, any activity that interferes with PI3K/AKT or their downstream targets, such as TSC1/2 or GSK3α/β, may activate the mTOR/S6K pathway for oncogenic transformation in normal cells. Previous studies have shown that PI3K/AKT can be directly phosphoregulated by IKKε. Here, we propose a new regulatory function for IKKε in the mTOR/S6K pathway through its direct interaction with TSC1, leading to TSC1 phosphorylation, which is vital to suppress its inhibitory role in mTOR activation. Experimentally, upon IKKε deficiency in colorectal cancer cells, we observed that S6K activity was diminished while TSC1 levels were found to be stabilized. We hypothesized that these observations may result from direct interaction between IKKε and TSC1. Indeed, the interaction of these two proteins involves the phosphoregulation of TSC1 in various cell lines. Therefore, we propose a mechanism where IKKε, through regulating TSC1 stability in cancer cells, may create an alternative regulatory loop for the activation of mTOR signaling. These results can potentially be important for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan İsmail Göktuna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.,Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Genomics and Genoproteomics Research Center (GIGA), University of Liege , Liege , Belgium.,National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey
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118
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Okhlopkov VA, Zykova EA, Pravdina OV. Tuberous sclerosis syndrome: a typical case of a rare disease. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2018. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2018-94-4-49-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The article is devoted to a rare hereditary disease from the group of phak omatoses with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance — Pringle — Burnevill disease. The questions of the prevalence of the disease, the variability of the clinical picture, the timeliness of the clinical diagnosis are considered. Particular attention is paid to skin manifestations and their differential diagnosis. A clinical case of this disease is described.
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119
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Le Bourgeois T, Strauss L, Aksoylar HI, Daneshmandi S, Seth P, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Targeting T Cell Metabolism for Improvement of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:237. [PMID: 30123774 PMCID: PMC6085483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in utilizing our immune system against cancer, mainly by checkpoint blockade and T cell-mediated therapies. The field of cancer immunotherapy is growing rapidly but durable clinical benefits occur only in a small subset of responding patients. It is currently recognized that cancer creates a suppressive metabolic microenvironment, which contributes to ineffective immune function. Metabolism is a common cellular feature, and although there has been significant progress in understanding the detrimental role of metabolic changes of the tumor microenvironment (TEM) in immune cells, there is still much to be learned regarding unique targetable pathways. Elucidation of cancer and immune cell metabolic profiles is critical for identifying mechanisms that regulate metabolic reprogramming within the TEM. Metabolic targets that mediate immunosuppression and are fundamental in sustaining tumor growth can be exploited therapeutically for the development of approaches to increase the efficacy of immunotherapies. Here, we will highlight the importance of metabolism on the function of tumor-associated immune cells and will address the role of key metabolic determinants that might be targets of therapeutic intervention for improvement of tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Le Bourgeois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Halil-Ibrahim Aksoylar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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120
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Hollstein
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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121
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Xie Y, Li B, Bu W, Gao L, Zhang Y, Lan X, Hou J, Xu Z, Chang S, Yu D, Xie B, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhu W, Shi J. Dihydrocelastrol exerts potent antitumor activity in mantle cell lymphoma cells via dual inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:823-834. [PMID: 29901111 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct and highly aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Dihydrocelastrol (DHCE) is a dihydro-analog of celastrol, which is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of DHCE treatment on MCL cells, and to determine the mechanism underlying its potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo using the Cell Counting kit-8 assay, clonogenic assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and tumor xenograft models. The results demonstrated that DHCE treatment exerted minimal cytotoxic effects on normal cells, but markedly suppressed MCL cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibited MCL cell viability by stimulating apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In addition, the results revealed that DHCE suppressed cell growth and proliferation by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1-mediated phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein. Simultaneously, DHCE induced apoptosis and inhibited cell survival by suppressing mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase B and nuclear factor-κB activity. In addition to in vitro findings, DHCE treatment reduced the MCL tumor burden in a xenograft mouse model, without indications of toxicity. Furthermore, combined treatment with DHCE and bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, induced a synergistic cytotoxic effect on MCL cells. These findings indicated that DHCE may have the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MCL through dually inhibiting mTORC1 and mTORC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Bu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiucai Lan
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shuaikang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Bingqian Xie
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Houcai Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Abstract
Celastrol is a highly investigated anticancer moiety. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, isolated several decades ago with promising role in chemoprevention. Celastrol has been found to target multiple proinflammatory, angiogenic and metastatic proteins. Inhibition of these targets results in significant reduction of cancer growth, survival and metastasis. This review summarizes the varied molecular targets of celastrol along with insight into the various recently published clinical, preclinical and industrial patents (2011-2017).
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123
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Drosophila larvae fed palm fruit juice (PFJ) delay pupation via expression regulation of hormetic stress response genes linked to ageing and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:198-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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124
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Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Differentially Regulate Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051540. [PMID: 29786666 PMCID: PMC5983733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some dopamine receptor subtypes were reported to participate in autophagy regulation, but their exact functions and mechanisms are still unclear. Here we found that dopamine receptors D2 and D3 (D2-like family) are positive regulators of autophagy, while dopamine receptors D1 and D5 (D1-like family) are negative regulators. Furthermore, dopamine and ammonia, the two reported endogenous ligands of dopamine receptors, both can induce dopamine receptor internalization and degradation. In addition, we found that AKT (protein kinase B)-mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathways are involved in DRD3 (dopamine receptor D3) regulated autophagy. Moreover, autophagy machinery perturbation inhibited DRD3 degradation and increased DRD3 oligomer. Therefore, our study investigated the functions and mechanisms of dopamine receptors in autophagy regulation, which not only provides insights into better understanding of some dopamine receptor-related neurodegeneration diseases, but also sheds light on their potential treatment in combination with autophagy or mTOR pathway modulations.
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125
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that senses and integrates environmental information into cellular regulation and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has suggested a master role of mTOR signalling in many fundamental aspects of cell biology and organismal development. mTOR deregulation is implicated in a broad range of pathological conditions, including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, myopathies, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune conditions. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of mTOR signalling in mammalian physiology. We also discuss the impact of mTOR alteration in human diseases and how targeting mTOR function can treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Hiani
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Eroume-A Egom
- b Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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126
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Electroacupuncture Reduces Weight in Diet-Induced Obese Rats via Hypothalamic Tsc1 Promoter Demethylation and Inhibition of the Activity of mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3039783. [PMID: 29853949 PMCID: PMC5944273 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3039783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Subject The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture reducing weight via tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) promoter methylation, inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Materials and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into chow-fed group (chow group) or high-fat diet group (HF group) for 14 weeks. The obesity rats in HF group were randomly divided into electroacupuncture group (EA group) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) group, which received EA stimulation on bilateral ST25, RN12, SP6, and ST36 for 4 weeks or no further treatment, respectively. Methylation of the Tsc1 gene promoter and expression of agouti-related protein (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and proopiomelanocortin (PoMC) were detected at the 18th week. Results At week 18, weight, body fat, and the body fat rate in DIO group were significantly higher than those of the chow and EA group. Compared with the chow group, the DIO group had increased methylation of the Tsc1 gene promoter and expression of mTORC1, AgRP, and NPY gene and decreased PoMC in the hypothalamus; after EA, methylation of the Tsc1 gene promoter, mRNA, and protein of the mTORC1 and expression of AgRP and NPY gene decreased and PoMC increased significantly. Conclusions Our study could shed light on the potential pathway where EA exerts effects on the mechanism of EA treatment for obesity through the hypothalamic Tsc1 promoter demethylation and inhibition of the activity of mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Li G, Wang X, Luo Q, Gan C. Identification of key genes and long non‑coding RNAs in celecoxib‑treated lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line by RNA‑sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6456-6464. [PMID: 29512696 PMCID: PMC5928627 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, a gene that is often aberrantly expressed in the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSQCC). The present study aims to provide novel insight into chemoprevention by celecoxib treatment. The human LSQCC cell line SK‑MES‑1 was treated with or without celecoxib and RNA‑sequencing (RNA‑seq) was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Expression levels of genes or long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were calculated by Cufflinks software. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE‑LNRs) between the two groups were selected using the limma package and LNCipedia 3.0, respectively; followed by co‑expression analysis based on their expression correlation coefficient (CC). Enrichment analysis for the DEGs and co‑expressed DE‑LNRs were performed. Protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network analysis for DEGs was performed using STRING database. A set of 317 DEGs and 25 DE‑LNRs were identified between celecoxib‑treated and non‑treated cell lines. A total of 12 pathways were enriched by the DEGs, including 'protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum' for activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), 'mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway' for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and 'ECM‑receptor interaction' for fibronectin 1 (FN1). Genes such as VEGFA, ATF4 and FN1 were highlighted in the PPI network. VEGFA was linked with lnc‑AP000769.1‑2:10 (CC= ‑0.99227), whereas ATF4 and FN1 were closely correlated with lnc‑HFE2‑2:1 (CC=0.996159 and ‑0.98714, respectively). lncRNAs were also enriched in pathways such as 'mTOR signaling pathway' for lnc‑HFE2‑2:1. Several important molecules were identified in celecoxib‑treated LSQCC cell lines, such as VEGFA, ATF4, FN1, lnc‑AP000769.1‑2:10 and lnc‑HFE2‑2:1, which may enhance the anti‑cancer effects of celecoxib on LSQCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xuehai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Chongzhi Gan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Di Cristo G, Awad PN, Hamidi S, Avoli M. KCC2, epileptiform synchronization, and epileptic disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 162:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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129
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Liu D, Gao L, Zhang Z, Tao S, Pang Q, Li A, Deng H, Yu H. Lithium promotes the production of reactive oxygen species via GSK-3β/TSC2/TOR signaling in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:854-863. [PMID: 29291576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism that lithium (Li) promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)/target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling was investigated in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio). After the zebrafish were treated by 25 and 50 mg/L Li+, the mRNA expression of GSK-3β and TSC2 was inhibited, but the expression of TOR was induced in the gill of zebrafish. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2·-), and hydroxy radical (·OH) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased, while the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and peroxidase (POD) were decreased by 25 and 50 mg/L Li+ treatments. In the ZF4 cells, the mRNA expression of GSK-3β and TSC2 was inhibited, but TOR expression was induced by 1, 5, and 10 mmol/L Li+ treatments. To further confirm that lithium promoted ROS production via GSK-3β inhibition, GSK-3β RNA was interfered. It was found that the interference of GSK-3β RNA induced the TSC2/TOR signaling. The levels of H2O2, O2·-, and ·OH were increased, but the activities of CAT, GSH-PX, and POD were decreased by GSK-3β RNA interference. In addition, lithium decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with Rhodamine-123 assay, but increased the levels of ROS by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The present results indicated that lithium promoted the ROS production through the GSK-3β/TSC2/TOR signaling in the gill of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Shiyi Tao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Ao Li
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
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Romano FJ, Guadagno E, Solari D, Borrelli G, Pignatiello S, Cappabianca P, Del Basso De Caro M. ATM and p53 combined analysis predicts survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients: A clinicopathologic study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4867-4877. [PMID: 29369420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant cancers, with a distinguishing dismal prognosis: surgery followed by chemo- and radiotherapy represents the current standard of care, and chemo- and radioresistance underlie disease recurrence and short overall survival of patients suffering from this malignancy. ATM is a kinase activated by autophosphorylation upon DNA doublestrand breaks arising from errors during replication, byproducts of metabolism, chemotherapy or ionizing radiations; TP53 is one of the most popular tumor suppressor, with a preeminent role in DNA damage response and repair. To study the effects of the immunohistochemical expression of p-ATM and p53 in glioblastoma patients, 21 cases were retrospectively examined. In normal brain tissue, p-ATM was expressed only in neurons; conversely, in tumors cells, the protein showed a variable cytoplasmic expression (score: +,++,+++), with being completely undetectable in three cases. Statistical analysis revealed that high p-ATM score (++/+++) strongly correlated to shorter survival (P = 0.022). No difference in overall survival was registered between p53 normally expressed (NE) and overexpressed (OE) glioblastoma patients (P = 0.669). Survival analysis performed on the results from combined assessment of the two proteins showed that patients with NE p53 /low pATM score had longer overall survival than the NE p53/ high pATM score counterpart. Cox-regression analysis confirmed this finding (HR = 0.025; CI 95% = 0.002-0.284; P = 0.003). Our study outlined the immunohistochemical expression of p-ATM/p53 in glioblastomas and provided data on their possible prognostic/predictive of response role. A "non-oncogene addiction" to ATM for NEp53 glioblastoma could be postulated, strengthening the rationale for development of ATM inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elia Guadagno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Solari
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Borrelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatiello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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131
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Gabor KM, Sapi Z, Tiszlavicz LG, Fige A, Bereczki C, Bartyik K. Sirolimus therapy in the treatment of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65. [PMID: 28843050 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a rare, mostly indolent vascular tumor. Extensive cases are treated with amputation as chemotherapy seems to be ineffective. Recently, promising results were published using mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in tumors of vascular origin. Here, we present a case of a child with advanced PMH relapsing after surgery and chemotherapy. Sirolimus achieved significant clinical improvement and stabilization of the lesions without any remarkable toxicity. This case contributes to the growing evidence regarding the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors, such as sirolimus, in multifocal PMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Mita Gabor
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Sapi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Gyorgyi Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Fige
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bereczki
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Bartyik
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Care Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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132
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Zhao L, Wang X, Yu Y, Deng L, Chen L, Peng X, Jiao C, Gao G, Tan X, Pan W, Ge X, Wang P. OTUB1 protein suppresses mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity by deubiquitinating the mTORC1 inhibitor DEPTOR. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4883-4892. [PMID: 29382726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates various environmental signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. DEPTOR, also termed DEPDC6, is an endogenous inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities. The abundance of DEPTOR centrally orchestrates the mTOR signaling network. However, the mechanisms by which DEPTOR stability is regulated are still elusive. Here, we report that OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 (OTUB1) specifically deubiquitinates DEPTOR in a deubiquitination assay. We found that OTUB1 directly interacted with DEPTOR via its N-terminal domain, deubiquitinated DEPTOR, and thereby stabilized DEPTOR in a Cys-91-independent but Asp-88-dependent manner, suggesting that OTUB1 targets DEPTOR for deubiquitination via a deubiquitinase activity-independent non-canonical mechanism. The interaction between OTUB1 and DEPTOR was enhanced when the cells were treated with amino acids. Moreover, OTUB1 suppressed amino acid-induced activation of mTORC1 in a DEPTOR-dependent manner and thereby ultimately controlled cellular autophagy, cell proliferation, and size. Our findings reveal a mechanism that stabilizes the mTORC1 inhibitor DEPTOR via OTUB1's deubiquitinase activity. Our insights may inform research into various mTOR activity-related diseases, such as cancer, and may contribute to the identification of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenchen Jiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guoli Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weijuan Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Guo Q, Yu C, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang T, Huang Z, Wang X, Zhou W, Li Y, Qin Z, Wang C, Gao R, Nie Y, Ma Y, Shi Y, Zheng J, Yang S, Fan Y, Xiang R. Highly Selective, Potent, and Oral mTOR Inhibitor for Treatment of Cancer as Autophagy Inducer. J Med Chem 2018; 61:881-904. [PMID: 29308895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of novel pyrazino[2,3-c]quinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold, we designed and identified a highly selective, potent and oral mTOR inhibitor, 9m. Compound 9m showed low nanomolar activity against mTOR (IC50 = 7 nM) and greater selectivity over the related PIKK family kinases, which demonstrated only modest activity against 3 out of the 409 protein kinases. In vitro assays, compound 9m exhibited high potency against human breast and cervical cancer cells and induced tumor cell cycle arrest and autophagy. 9m inhibited cellular phosphorylation of mTORC1 (pS6 and p4E-BP1) and mTORC2 (pAKT (S473)) substrates. In T-47D xenograft mouse model, oral administration of compound 9m led to significant tumor regression without obvious toxicity. In addition, this compound showed good pharmacokinetics. Collectively, due to its high potency and selectivity, compound 9m could be used as a mTOR drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenhua Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongxiang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongwei Nie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yakun Ma
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Fan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Biomedicine of the Ministry of Education , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy of Ministry of Education , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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134
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Metformin Increases E-cadherin in Tumors of Diabetic Patients With Endometrial Cancer and Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 26:1213-21. [PMID: 27643646 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process for cancer metastasis and recurrence. Metformin, an effective oral antidiabetic drug, has been associated with decreased cancer risk and mortality. In this pilot study, we started to evaluate the effect of metformin on EMT in vivo and in vitro in endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS Endometrial cancer cell lines and freshly isolated EC tumor specimens were used to assess EMT after metformin treatment. Cell lines were subjected to wound healing and AlamarBlue assays to determine cell migration and cell proliferation; messenger RNA levels were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein levels were measured by Western blots to detect EMT marker expression. RESULTS Protein expression and messenger RNA of E-cadherin was found to be increased (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively) in 30 EC tumor specimens of diabetic patients treated with metformin compared with 20 EC tumor specimens of diabetic patients treated with other antidiabetic agents. In vitro, metformin reduced cell migration at 5 mM for 48 hours, as determined by the wound healing assay in EC cell lines (Ishikawa, 45% reduction; HEC50, 40% reduction), whereas more than 90% of the cells remained viable on the AlamarBlue assay. Metformin reduced EMT in the cell lines and regulated the expression of the EMT-related epithelial markers, E-cadherin and Pan-keratin; the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin; and the EMT drivers, Twist-1, snail-1, and ZEB-1. CONCLUSIONS Tumors of patients on metformin have increased E-cadherin expression, and metformin decreases EMT in EC cell lines in vitro, suggesting clinical biological relevance of metformin in women with EC.
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135
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Involved in the Effects of Metformin in the Human Endometrial Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 26:1667-1672. [PMID: 27654259 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a well-tolerated biguanide drug used for decades to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, long-term administration of metformin has been found to reduce carcinogenic risk for cancers derived from various tissues. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of anticancer action in the endometrial cancer (EC) have not yet been fully elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty patients diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma were grouped into (n = 30) and non-treatment mixed (n = 30) for analysis. Thirty healthy donors are control groups. We attempt to investigate the interaction of metformin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). RESULTS We found that high IGF-1 plasma concentrations in women with EC were reversed by conventional antidiabetic doses of metformin in the present work. In parallel, the activation of AMPK and suppression of mTOR seemed to play an important role for the effect of metformin in patients with EC. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial presents biological evidence consistent with antiproliferative effects of metformin in women with EC in the clinical setting.
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136
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Yu L, Chen X, Wang L, Chen S. The sweet trap in tumors: aerobic glycolysis and potential targets for therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38908-38926. [PMID: 26918353 PMCID: PMC5122440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic change is one of the hallmarks of tumor, which has recently attracted a great of attention. One of main metabolic characteristics of tumor cells is the high level of glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. The energy production is much less in glycolysis pathway than that in tricarboxylic acid cycle. The molecular mechanism of a high glycolytic flux in tumor cells remains unclear. A large amount of intermediates derived from glycolytic pathway could meet the biosynthetic requirements of the proliferating cells. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, and many other factors, such as oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, drive cancer cells to favor glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidation. Several small molecules targeting glycolytic pathway exhibit promising anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will focus on the latest progress in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis and discuss the potential targets for the tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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137
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li K, Tan K, Liang K, Shen J, Cai D, Jin D, Li M, Xiao G, Xu J, Jiang Y, Bai X. TSC1 regulates osteoclast podosome organization and bone resorption through mTORC1 and Rac1/Cdc42. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1549-1566. [PMID: 29358671 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the podosome into the sealing zone is crucial for osteoclasts (OCLs) to resorb bone, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) functions centrally in OCLs to promote podosome organization and bone resorption through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the small GTPases Rac1/Cdc42. During osteoclastogenesis, enhanced expression of TSC1 downregulates mTORC1 activity. TSC1 deletion in OCLs reduced podosome belt formation in vitro and sealing zone formation in vivo, leading to bone resorption deficiency and osteopetrosis. Mechanistically, TSC1 promoted podosome superstructure assembly by releasing mTORC1-dependent negative feedback inhibition of Rac1/Cdc42. Rapamycin and active Rac1/Cdc42 restore podosome organization and bone resorption and alleviate osteopetrotic phenotypes in mutant mice. Our findings reveal an essential role of TSC1 signaling in the regulation of bone resorption. Targeting TSC1 represents a novel strategy to inhibit bone resorption and prevent bone loss-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Arthroplasty, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Arthroplasty, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kang Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kangyan Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dadi Jin
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mangmang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, M504, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15260, USA
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Arthroplasty, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, low-grade, metastasizing neoplasm that arises from an unknown source, spreads via the lymphatics, and targets the lungs. All pulmonary structures become infiltrated with benign-appearing spindle and epithelioid cells (LAM cells) that express smooth-muscle and melanocyte-lineage markers, harbor mTOR-activating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, and recruit abundant stromal cells. Elaboration of lymphangiogenic growth factors and matrix remodeling enzymes by LAM cells enables their access to lymphatic channels and likely drives the cystic lung remodeling that often culminates in respiratory failure. Dysregulated cellular signaling results in a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis as the preferred mode of energy generation, to allow for the accumulation of biomass required for cell growth and tolerance of nutrient-poor, anaerobic environments. Symptomatic LAM occurs almost exclusively in females after menarche, highlighting the central but as yet poorly understood role for sex-restricted anatomical structures and/or hormones in disease pathogenesis. LAM is an elegant model of malignancy because biallelic mutations at a single genetic locus confer all features that define cancer upon the LAM cell-metabolic reprogramming and proliferative signals that drive uncontrolled growth and inappropriate migration and invasion, the capacity to exploit the lymphatic circulation as a vehicle for metastasis and access to the lungs, and destruction of remote tissues. The direct benefit of the study of this rare disease has been the rapid identification of an effective FDA-approved therapy, and the collateral benefits have included elucidation of the pivotal roles of mTOR signaling in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera P Krymskaya
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Francis X McCormack
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267;
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Scharfman HE, Kanner AM, Friedman A, Blümcke I, Crocker CE, Cendes F, Diaz-Arrastia R, Förstl H, Fenton AA, Grace AA, Palop J, Morrison J, Nehlig A, Prasad A, Wilcox KS, Jette N, Pohlmann-Eden B. Epilepsy as a Network Disorder (2): What can we learn from other network disorders such as dementia and schizophrenia, and what are the implications for translational research? Epilepsy Behav 2018; 78:302-312. [PMID: 29097123 PMCID: PMC5756681 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is common agreement that many disorders of the central nervous system are 'complex', that is, there are many potential factors that influence the development of the disease, underlying mechanisms, and successful treatment. Most of these disorders, unfortunately, have no cure at the present time, and therapeutic strategies often have debilitating side effects. Interestingly, some of the 'complexities' of one disorder are found in another, and the similarities are often network defects. It seems likely that more discussions of these commonalities could advance our understanding and, therefore, have clinical implications or translational impact. With this in mind, the Fourth International Halifax Epilepsy Conference and Retreat was held as described in the prior paper, and this companion paper focuses on the second half of the meeting. Leaders in various subspecialties of epilepsy research were asked to address aging and dementia or psychosis in people with epilepsy (PWE). Commonalities between autism, depression, aging and dementia, psychosis, and epilepsy were the focus of the presentations and discussion. In the last session, additional experts commented on new conceptualization of translational epilepsy research efforts. Here, the presentations are reviewed, and salient points are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Scharfman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Physiology, and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Andres M Kanner
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Room #1324, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Neuropathological Institute, University Hospitals Erlangen, Germany
| | - Candice E Crocker
- Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program, Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, 13083-888 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Centre for Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Hans Förstl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Strabe 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - André A Fenton
- Centre for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Anthony A Grace
- University of Pittsburgh, 456 Langley Hall, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15269, USA
| | - Jorge Palop
- Department of Neurology, Gladstone Institute, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2261, USA
| | - Jason Morrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Astrid Nehlig
- INSERM U 1129, Hôpital Necker, Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Asuri Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nathalie Jette
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernd Pohlmann-Eden
- Brain Repair Center, Life Science Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Room 229, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada.
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Yang F, Yang L, Wataya-Kaneda M, Yoshimura T, Tanemura A, Katayama I. Uncoupling of ER/Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in mTORC1 Hyperactivation-Associated Skin Hypopigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:669-678. [PMID: 29080681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has described the involvement of mTORC1 signaling in pigmentation regulation; however, the precise mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we generated mice with conditional deletion of the mTORC1 suppressor Tsc2 in melanocytes. It resulted in constitutive hyperactivation of mTORC1 and reduced skin pigmentation. Mechanistically, neither the number of melanocytes nor the expression of melanogenesis-related enzymes was decreased; however, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial oxidative stress and lower melanization in melanosomes were observed. By contrast, abrogation of mTORC1 by rapamycin completely reversed the reduced pigmentation, and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by SMER28 or 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) or alleviation of mitochondrial oxidative stress by administration of adenosine triphosphate partially reversed the reduced pigmentation in these mice. In addition, we showed that these mechanisms were involved in reduced pigmentation of TSC2 small interfering RNA-transfected cultured human primary melanocytes and skin lesions of patients with the TSC gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lingli Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Wataya-Kaneda
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takuji Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Engineering, The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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141
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Gait disturbance and lower limb pain in a patient with PIK3CA -related disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:655-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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142
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Lai IC, Lai GM, Chow JM, Lee HL, Yeh CF, Li CH, Yan JL, Chuang SE, Whang-Peng J, Bai KJ, Yao CJ. Active fraction (HS7) from Taiwanofungus camphoratus inhibits AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways and induces CDK inhibitors in CL1-0 human lung cancer cells. Chin Med 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 29177004 PMCID: PMC5688709 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In NSCLC, the oncogenic AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways are commonly dysregulated and have emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic developments. In a relatively limited subset of NSCLC, these pathways driven by mutant EGFR can be treated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-mediated targeted therapy. However, for the most NSCLC, more novel targeted agents are imperatively needed. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the active fraction HS7 from Taiwanofungus camphoratus, a unique medicinal fungus in Taiwan, on these pathways in CL1-0 EGFR wild-type human NSCLC cells. Methods The active fraction HS7 was prepared by n-hexane extraction of T. camphoratus followed by silica gel chromatography. Its effects on the cell viabilities were determined by sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis induction. The changes in cellular protein levels were examined by Western blot. Results The active fraction HS7 vigorously inhibits AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in CL1-0 cells. At dose of 25 μg/mL, these signaling pathways were almost completely inhibited by HS7, accompanied with induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p15, p21 and p27. Accordingly, the AKT-mTOR downstream targets p-p70S6K and HIF-1α were also suppressed as well. At this dose, the cell proliferation was profoundly suppressed to 23.4% of control and apoptosis induction was observed. Conclusions The active fraction HS7 from n-hexane extract of T. camphoratus exerts multi-targeting activity on the suppression of AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways and induction of p15, p21 and p27 in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cells. This multi-targeting activity of HS7 suggests its potential as an alternative medicine for the treatment of EGFR TKIs resistant NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-017-0154-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Feng Yeh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Long Yan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
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143
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Yang F, Yang L, Wataya-Kaneda M, Hasegawa J, Yoshimori T, Tanemura A, Tsuruta D, Katayama I. Dysregulation of autophagy in melanocytes contributes to hypopigmented macules in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:155-164. [PMID: 29146131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) gene mutations lead to constitutive activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, resulting in a broad range of symptoms. Hypopigmented macules are the earliest sign. Although we have already confirmed that topical rapamycin treatment (an mTOR inhibitor) protects patients with TSC against macular hypopigmentation, the pathogenesis of such lesions remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Recently emerging evidence supports a role for autophagy in skin pigmentation. Herein, we investigated the impact of autophagic dysregulation on TSC-associated hypopigmentation. METHODS Skin samples from 10 patients with TSC, each bearing characteristic hypopigmented macules, and 6 healthy donors were subjected to immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analyses. In addition, TSC2-knockdown (KD) was investigated in human epidermal melanocytes by melanin content examination, real-time PCR, western blotting analyses, and intracellular immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway decreased melanocytic pigmentation in hypopigmented macules of patients with TSC and in TSC2-KD melanocytes. In addition, LC3 expression (a marker of autophagy) and autophagosome counts increased, whereas, intracellular accumulation of autophagic degradative substrates (p62 and ubiquitinated proteins) was evident in TSC2-KD melanocytes. Furthermore, depigmentation in TSC2-KD melanocytes was accelerated by inhibiting autophagy (ATG7-KD or bafilomycin A1-pretreatment) and was completely reversed by induction of autophagy via mTOR-dependent (rapamycin) or mTOR-independent (SMER28) exposure. Finally, dysregulation of autophagy, marked by increased LC3 expression and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, was also observed in melanocytes of TSC-related hypopigmented macules. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that melanocytes of patients with TSC display autophagic dysregulation, which thereby reduced pigmentation, serving as the basis for the hypomelanotic macules characteristic of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lingli Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Wataya-Kaneda
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Junya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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144
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Ren P, Ren X, Cheng L, Xu L. Frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils suppress tumor progression through the regulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:129-137. [PMID: 29115548 PMCID: PMC5783593 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BC (BC), as the most common malignancy in women worldwide, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, chemoresistance and toxicity are the main causes that limit the success of treatment in aggressive BC cases. Thus, there is a vital need to identify and develop novel therapeutic agents. Frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils have been reported to play critical biological activities in cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge whether frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils have any effect on the progression of BC in MCF-7 cells remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed the possible effects of frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils on cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion as well as the possible mechanisms. MCF-7 cells were treated with oils, and associations with BC were investigated. In the present study, we clearly revealed that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in human BC MCF-7 cells. Further data demonstrated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils induced apoptosis, but did not affect cell cycle progression. Consistent with the in vitro activities, frankincense essential oil was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in a human BC mouse model. In addition, these 3 essential oils modulated the activity of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study indicated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils were involved in the progression of BC cells possibly through the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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145
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Molinaro E, Romei C, Biagini A, Sabini E, Agate L, Mazzeo S, Materazzi G, Sellari-Franceschini S, Ribechini A, Torregrossa L, Basolo F, Vitti P, Elisei R. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: from clinicopathology to genetics and advanced therapies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:644-660. [PMID: 28707679 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare malignancy, accounting for 1-2% of all thyroid cancers. Although rare, ATC accounts for the majority of deaths from thyroid carcinoma. ATC often originates in a pre-existing thyroid cancer lesion, as suggested by the simultaneous presence of areas of differentiated or poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. ATC is characterized by the accumulation of several oncogenic alterations, and studies have shown that an increased number of oncogenic alterations equates to an increased level of dedifferentiation and aggressiveness. The clinical management of ATC requires a multidisciplinary approach; according to recent American Thyroid Association guidelines, surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should be considered. In addition to conventional therapies, novel molecular targeted therapies are the most promising emerging treatment modalities. These drugs are often multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, several of which have been tested in clinical trials with encouraging results so far. Accordingly, clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of these new agents. This Review describes the updated clinical and pathological features of ATC and provides insight into the molecular biology of this disease. The most recent literature regarding conventional, newly available and future therapies for ATC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Molinaro
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Cristina Romei
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Agnese Biagini
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Elena Sabini
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Laura Agate
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Salvatore Mazzeo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa
| | | | | | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa
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146
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Umekawa M, Ujihara M, Nakai D, Takematsu H, Wakayama M. Ecm33 is a novel factor involved in efficient glucose uptake for nutrition-responsive TORC1 signaling in yeast. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3721-3729. [PMID: 29029364 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake is crucial for providing both an energy source and a signal that regulates cell proliferation. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanisms underlying glucose uptake and its transmission to intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we searched for a novel regulatory factor involved in glucose-induced signaling by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a eukaryotic model. Requirement of the extracellular protein Ecm33 in efficient glucose uptake and full activation of the nutrient-responsive TOR kinase complex 1 (TORC1) signaling pathway is shown. Cells lacking Ecm33 elicit a series of starvation-induced pathways even in the presence of extracellular high glucose concentration. This results in delayed cell proliferation, reduced ATP, induction of autophagy, and dephosphorylation of the TORC1 substrates Atg13 and Sch9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masato Ujihara
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakai
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Shiga, Japan
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147
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Wang L, Ni D, Zhong L, Wang J. Familial genetic tuberous sclerosis complex associated with bilateral giant renal angiomyolipoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7099-7106. [PMID: 29344140 PMCID: PMC5754900 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease involving multiple organs, but there are a limited number of reports on family TSC. In the present report, a case of a 52-year-old female with a familial genetic TSC, associated with bilateral giant renal angiomyolipoma, was described. The mother, second elder brother and daughter of the patient all exhibited TSC, but the clinical manifestations, and therapeutic prognosis between the family members were not the same. The present case report aimed at identifying an effective diagnostic method and treatment through additional study of familial genetic TSC, in order to prolong and improve the quality of life for patients with TSC. According to the present case and relevant literature reviews, it is suggested that fetal gene detection during pregnancy could prevent the passing of this disease onto further generations. Furthermore, early application of drug treatment may control the development of the disease in diagnosed patients. The combination of classical treatments with a small dose of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors is the typical recommendation, which may control the development of the disease more effectively and decrease adverse side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Ni
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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148
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Sun D, Liu H, Dai X, Zheng X, Yan J, Wei R, Fu X, Huang M, Shen A, Huang X, Ding J, Geng M. Aspirin disrupts the mTOR-Raptor complex and potentiates the anti-cancer activities of sorafenib via mTORC1 inhibition. Cancer Lett 2017; 406:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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149
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Ou-Yang L, Zhang XF, Wu M, Li XL. Node-based learning of differential networks from multi-platform gene expression data. Methods 2017; 129:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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150
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Torre O, Elia D, Caminati A, Harari S. New insights in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/145/170042. [PMID: 28954765 PMCID: PMC9488980 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0042-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) are rare diseases that lead to progressive cystic destruction of the lungs. Despite their distinctive characteristics, these diseases share several features. Patients affected by LAM or PLCH have similar radiological cystic patterns, a similar age of onset, and the possibility of extrapulmonary involvement. In this review, the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, as well as the current and most promising biomarkers and therapeutic approaches, are described. Understanding of LAM/PLCH pathogenesis has improved over the past years, leading to new therapeutic approacheshttp://ow.ly/7wjR30erSJY
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Torre
- U.O. di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria, Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare, Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Elia
- U.O. di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria, Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare, Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Caminati
- U.O. di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria, Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare, Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Harari
- U.O. di Pneumologia e Terapia Semi-Intensiva Respiratoria, Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria ed Emodinamica Polmonare, Ospedale San Giuseppe, MultiMedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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