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Yang L, TeSlaa T, Ng S, Nofal M, Wang L, Lan T, Zeng X, Cowan A, McBride M, Lu W, Davidson S, Liang G, Oh TG, Downes M, Evans R, Von Hoff D, Guo JY, Han H, Rabinowitz JD. Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth. MED 2022; 3:119-136. [PMID: 35425930 PMCID: PMC9004683 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Ketogenic diet is a potential means of augmenting cancer therapy. Here, we explore ketone body metabolism and its interplay with chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Methods Metabolism and therapeutic responses of murine pancreatic cancer were studied using KPC primary tumors and tumor chunk allografts. Mice on standard high-carbohydrate diet or ketogenic diet were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel, gemcitabine, cisplatin). Metabolic activity was monitored with metabolomics and isotope tracing, including 2H- and 13C-tracers, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and imaging mass spectrometry. Findings Ketone bodies are unidirectionally oxidized to make NADH. This stands in contrast to the carbohydrate-derived carboxylic acids lactate and pyruvate, which rapidly interconvert, buffering NADH/NAD. In murine pancreatic tumors, ketogenic diet decreases glucose's concentration and tricarboxylic acid cycle contribution, enhances 3-hydroxybutyrate's concentration and tricarboxylic acid contribution, and modestly elevates NADH, but does not impact tumor growth. In contrast, the combination of ketogenic diet and cytotoxic chemotherapy substantially raises tumor NADH and synergistically suppresses tumor growth, tripling the survival benefits of chemotherapy alone. Chemotherapy and ketogenic diet also synergize in immune-deficient mice, although long-term growth suppression was only observed in mice with an intact immune system. Conclusions Ketogenic diet sensitizes murine pancreatic cancer tumors to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Based on these data, we have initiated a randomized clinical trial of chemotherapy with standard versus ketogenic diet for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (NCT04631445).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Serina Ng
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michel Nofal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Taijin Lan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alexis Cowan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew McBride
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shawn Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gaoyang Liang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lead contact
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102
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Angstadt S, Zhu Q, Jaffee EM, Robinson DN, Anders RA. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cortical Mechanics and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809179. [PMID: 35174086 PMCID: PMC8843014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers due to low therapeutic response rates and poor prognoses. Majority of patients present with symptoms post metastatic spread, which contributes to its overall lethality as the 4th leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Therapeutic approaches thus far target only one or two of the cancer specific hallmarks, such as high proliferation rate, apoptotic evasion, or immune evasion. Recent genomic discoveries reveal that genetic heterogeneity, early micrometastases, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment contribute to the inefficacy of current standard treatments and specific molecular-targeted therapies. To effectively combat cancers like PDAC, we need an innovative approach that can simultaneously impact the multiple hallmarks driving cancer progression. Here, we present the mechanical properties generated by the cell’s cortical cytoskeleton, with a spotlight on PDAC, as an ideal therapeutic target that can concurrently attack multiple systems driving cancer. We start with an introduction to cancer cell mechanics and PDAC followed by a compilation of studies connecting the cortical cytoskeleton and mechanical properties to proliferation, metastasis, immune cell interactions, cancer cell stemness, and/or metabolism. We further elaborate on the implications of these findings in disease progression, therapeutic resistance, and clinical relapse. Manipulation of the cancer cell’s mechanical system has already been shown to prevent metastasis in preclinical models, but it has greater potential for target exploration since it is a foundational property of the cell that regulates various oncogenic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantel Angstadt
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Douglas N. Robinson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Douglas N. Robinson, ; Robert A. Anders,
| | - Robert A. Anders
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Douglas N. Robinson, ; Robert A. Anders,
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103
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Fu H, Sun H, Kong H, Lou B, Chen H, Zhou Y, Huang C, Qin L, Shan Y, Dai S. Discoveries in Pancreatic Physiology and Disease Biology Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:732776. [PMID: 35141228 PMCID: PMC8819087 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis is used to study gene expression in human tissues. It can promote the discovery of new therapeutic targets for related diseases by characterizing the endocrine function of pancreatic physiology and pathology, as well as the gene expression of pancreatic tumors. Compared to whole-tissue RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can detect transcriptional activity within a single cell. The scRNA-seq had an invaluable contribution to discovering previously unknown cell subtypes in normal and diseased pancreases, studying the functional role of rare islet cells, and studying various types of cells in diabetes as well as cancer. Here, we review the recent in vitro and in vivo advances in understanding the pancreatic physiology and pathology associated with single-cell sequencing technology, which may provide new insights into treatment strategy optimization for diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongru Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Lou
- Department of Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chaohao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Qin, ; Yunfeng Shan, ; Shengjie Dai,
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Qin, ; Yunfeng Shan, ; Shengjie Dai,
| | - Shengjie Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Qin, ; Yunfeng Shan, ; Shengjie Dai,
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104
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Wang M, Li Y, Wang M, Liu K, Hoover AR, Li M, Towner RA, Mukherjee P, Zhou F, Qu J, Chen WR. Synergistic interventional photothermal therapy and immunotherapy using an iron oxide nanoplatform for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:453-462. [PMID: 34757232 PMCID: PMC10960566 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy due to its high metastatic ability and poor drug permeability. Here, a synergized interventional photothermal-immunotherapy strategy was developed with imaging guidance and temperature monitoring by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, for the local treatment of metastatic PC. A tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatform was fabricated via coating of DSPE-PEG and indocyanine green (ICG) onto imiquimod (IMQ) loaded amorphous iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs). This unique nanoplatform, IMQ@IONs/ICG, served as a contrast agent for MRI, a drug delivery vehicle for IMQ and ICG, and a catalyst for TME modulation. The biodegradable IMQ@IONs/ICG was also non-toxic, and improved the penetration of the loaded drugs in PC to maximize thermal ablation of the tumor and minimize damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. For the treatment of aggressive, metastatic Panc02-H7 pancreatic tumors in mice, ION-assisted MRI was employed to guide the administration of interventional photothermal therapy (IPTT) and monitor the temperature distribution in target tumor and surrounding tissue during treatment. The local IPTT treatment induced in situ immunogenic cell death (ICD), and, in combination with released IMQ, triggered a strong antitumor immunity, leading to decreased metastases and increased CD8+ in spleen and tumors. With precise local treatment and monitoring, treated primary tumors were completely eradicated, mesentery metastases were dramatically reduced, and the survival time was significantly prolonged, without damage to normal tissue and systemic autoimmunity. Overall, this synergistic strategy represents a promising approach to treat PC with significant potential for clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies because it is non-permeable to drugs and highly metastatic. In this study, we designed a tumor microenvironment-responsive amorphous iron oxide nanoplatform (ION) to co-deliver photothermal agent (ICG) and toll-like-receptor-7 agonist (IMQ). This biodegradable nanoplatform IMQ@IONs/ICG improved the penetration of the loaded drugs in pancreatic tumor. With MR imaging guidance and temperature monitoring, the precise interventional photothermal therapy on mouse Panc02-H7 orthotopic tumors releases tumor antigens to initiate tumor-special immune responses, amplified by the released IMQ. Our results demonstrate that IMQ@IONs/ICG overcomes the obstacle of drug delivery to pancreatic tumors, and when combined with photothermal therapy, induces a systemic antitumor immunity to control metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Li
- Interventional Therapy Department, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ashley R Hoover
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Feifan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Wei R Chen
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Rodriguez E, Boelaars K, Brown K, Madunić K, van Ee T, Dijk F, Verheij J, Li RJE, Schetters STT, Meijer LL, Le Large TYS, Driehuis E, Clevers H, Bruijns SCM, O'Toole T, van Vliet SJ, Bijlsma MF, Wuhrer M, Kazemier G, Giovannetti E, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. Analysis of the glyco-code in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies glycan-mediated immune regulatory circuits. Commun Biol 2022; 5:41. [PMID: 35017635 PMCID: PMC8752754 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Despite the fact that changes in glycosylation patterns during tumour progression have been reported, no systematic approach has been conducted to evaluate its potential for patient stratification. By analysing publicly available transcriptomic data of patient samples and cell lines, we identified here two specific glycan profiles in PDAC that correlated with progression, clinical outcome and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. These different glycan profiles, confirmed by glycomics, can be distinguished by the expression of O-glycan fucosylated structures, present only in epithelial cells and regulated by the expression of GALNT3. Moreover, these fucosylated glycans can serve as ligands for DC-SIGN positive tumour-associated macrophages, modulating their activation and inducing the production of IL-10. Our results show mechanisms by which the glyco-code contributes to the tolerogenic microenvironment in PDAC. Rodriguez et al. present a transcriptomic analysis of glycosylation associated gene profiles, including bulk patient sequencing, sc-RNA seq, cell lines and organoids, to examine glycosylation in PDAC. They find 2 specific glycan profiles correlating with progression, clinical outcome and EMT, and conclude that the glyco-code contributes to the tolerogenic microenvironment in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rodriguez
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Boelaars
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kari Brown
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Ee
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J Eveline Li
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Y S Le Large
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Else Driehuis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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106
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Martínez-Bosch N, Cristóbal H, Iglesias M, Gironella M, Barranco L, Visa L, Calafato D, Jiménez-Parrado S, Earl J, Carrato A, Manero-Rupérez N, Moreno M, Morales A, Guerra C, Navarro P, García de Frutos P. Soluble AXL is a novel blood marker for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and differential diagnosis from chronic pancreatitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103797. [PMID: 34973624 PMCID: PMC8724936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis is crucial for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is proteolytically processed releasing a soluble form (sAXL) into the blood stream. Here we explore the use of sAXL as a biomarker for PDAC. Methods AXL was analysed by immunohistochemistry in human pancreatic tissue samples. RNA expression analysis was performed using TCGA/GTEx databases. The plasma concentrations of sAXL, its ligand GAS6, and CA19-9 were studied in two independent cohorts, the HMar cohort (n = 59) and the HClinic cohort (n = 142), including healthy controls, chronic pancreatitis (CP) or PDAC patients, and in a familial PDAC cohort (n = 68). AXL expression and sAXL release were studied in PDAC cell lines and murine models. Findings AXL is increased in PDAC and precursor lesions as compared to CP or controls. sAXL determined in plasma from two independent cohorts was significantly increased in the PDAC group as compared to healthy controls or CP patients. Patients with high levels of AXL have a lower overall survival. ROC analysis of the plasma levels of sAXL, GAS6, or CA19-9 in our cohorts revealed that sAXL outperformed CA19-9 for discriminating between CP and PDAC. Using both sAXL and CA19-9 increased the diagnostic value. These results were validated in murine models, showing increased sAXL specifically in animals developing PDAC but not those with precursor lesions or acinar tumours. Interpretation sAXL appears as a biomarker for early detection of PDAC and PDAC–CP discrimination that could accelerate treatment and improve its dismal prognosis. Funding This work was supported by grants PI20/00625 (PN), RTI2018-095672-B-I00 (AM and PGF), PI20/01696 (MG) and PI18/01034 (AC) from MICINN-FEDER and grant 2017/SGR/225 (PN) from Generalitat de Catalunya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Cristóbal
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Hospital del Mar, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD); Hospital Clínic of Barcelona and IDIBAPS; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Barranco
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Visa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domenico Calafato
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Jiménez-Parrado
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumour Markers Group, Medical Oncology Research Laboratory, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. CIBERONC
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Molecular Epidemiology and Predictive Tumour Markers Group, Medical Oncology Research Laboratory, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. CIBERONC
| | - Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Unidad Asociada IMIM/IIBB-CSIC; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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107
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Chen J, Qiu M, Zhang S, Li B, Li D, Huang X, Qian Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Tang D. A calcium phosphate drug carrier loading with 5-fluorouracil achieving a synergistic effect for pancreatic cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 605:263-273. [PMID: 34332405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcium based biomaterials were widely used for drug delivery application due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high drug loading capacity. Herein, amino-capped polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer was applied as a macromolecular template to form amino-modified calcium phosphate hollow sphere (CaPO-NH2). After loading with 5-fluorouracil (5Fu), this system performed synergistic cancer chemotherapy. In this study, the 5Fu/CaPO-NH2 particles could be efficiently uptaken by cancer cells, and then decompose into Ca2+ and release 5Fu drug in the cytoplasm; therefore calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were found in PSN1 cells that could induce cell membrane damage and elicit cell apoptosis through a series of biochemical reactions including endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial apoptosis. In the PSN1 pancreatic cancer xenograft model, the 5Fu/CaPO-NH2 system performed high tumor inhibition via chemotherapy and calcium overload induced apoptosis. Comparingly, the normal cells and organs were insensitive to this synergistic therapy, which indicated the well biocompatibility of delivery system. Thus, this study provided a promising CaPO-NH2 drug delivery platform for enhanced 5Fu chemotherapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzong Chen
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Binbin Li
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dong Li
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiuyu Huang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhirong Qian
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Di Tang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Han H, Li S, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Wang K, Jin Q, Ji J, Yao K. Emerging pro-drug and nano-drug strategies for gemcitabine-based cancer therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:35-52. [PMID: 35261643 PMCID: PMC8888143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless, the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivation mainly because of its rapid deamination, deficiencies in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and alterations in nucleoside transporter. On this account, repeated injections with a high concentration of gemcitabine are adopted, leading to severe systemic toxicity to healthy cells. Accordingly, it is highly crucial to fabricate efficient gemcitabine delivery systems to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. A large number of gemcitabine pro-drugs were synthesized by chemical modification of gemcitabine to improve its biostability and bioavailability. Besides, gemcitabine-loaded nano-drugs were prepared to improve the delivery efficiency. In this review article, we introduced different strategies for improving the therapeutic performance of gemcitabine by the fabrication of pro-drugs and nano-drugs. We hope this review will provide new insight into the rational design of gemcitabine-based delivery strategies for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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109
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Fan YF, Shang WT, Lu GH, Guo KX, Deng H, Zhu XH, Wang CC, Tian J. Decreasing hyaluronic acid combined with drug-loaded nanoprobes improve the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:1-9. [PMID: 34530049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and its clinical treatment is still very challenging. Most of the pancreatic cancer chemotherapeutic drugs have poor plasma stability, low cell uptake efficiency, and are prone to developing drug resistance and toxic side effects. Besides, pancreatic cancer often has a dense extracellular matrix, which consists of collagens, hyaluronic acid, and other proteoglycans. Among them, hyaluronic acid is a key component of the dense matrix, which results in vascular compression and insufficient perfusion, and hinders the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we explore using hyaluronidase in tumor-bearing mice to eliminate the hyaluronic acid barrier, to reduce blood vessel compression and reshape the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we evaluate using doxorubicin-loaded nanoprobes to improve the stability and local tumor-killing effect of the drug. The nanoprobes have the characteristics of near-infrared optical imaging, which are used to monitor the tumor size in real-time during the treatment process, and dynamically observe the tumor inhibitory effect. The results show that elimination of the hyaluronic acid barrier combined with the doxorubicin-loaded nanoprobes can greatly increase drug penetration into tumor tissue and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. This study provides a novel strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guan-Hua Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China; Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kun-Xiong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Han Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xin-Hong Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cun-Chuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China; Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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110
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Rajagopal MU, Bansal S, Kaur P, Jain SK, Altadil T, Hinzman CP, Li Y, Moulton J, Singh B, Bansal S, Chauthe SK, Singh R, Banerjee PP, Mapstone M, Fiandaca MS, Federoff HJ, Unger K, Smith JP, Cheema AK. TGFβ Drives Metabolic Perturbations during Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer: TGFβ Induced EMT in PDAC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246204. [PMID: 34944824 PMCID: PMC8699757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with most patients diagnosed at late stages resulting in poor outcomes. While it is known that pancreatic tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition, the metabolic alterations accompanying that transition are not characterized. This study leveraged a metabolomics approach to understand the small molecule and biochemical perturbations that can be targeted for designing strategies for improving outcomes in pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy wherein a majority of patients present metastatic disease at diagnosis. Although the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), in imparting an aggressive phenotype to PDAC is well documented, the underlying biochemical pathway perturbations driving this behaviour have not been elucidated. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) based molecular phenotyping approach in order to delineate metabolic changes concomitant to TGFβ-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cells. Strikingly, we observed robust changes in amino acid and energy metabolism that may contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis. Somewhat unexpectedly, TGFβ treatment resulted in an increase in intracellular levels of retinoic acid (RA) that in turn resulted in increased levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including fibronectin (FN) and collagen (COL1). These findings were further validated in plasma samples obtained from patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Taken together, these observations provide novel insights into small molecule dysregulation that triggers a molecular cascade resulting in increased EMT-like changes in pancreatic cancer cells, a paradigm that can be potentially targeted for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena U. Rajagopal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Prabhjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143002, India; (P.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Shreyans K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Tatiana Altadil
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynaecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Charles P. Hinzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.P.H.); (P.P.B.)
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Joanna Moulton
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Siddheshwar Kisan Chauthe
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 380054, India;
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143002, India; (P.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Partha P. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.P.H.); (P.P.B.)
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.M.); (M.S.F.); (H.J.F.)
| | - Massimo S. Fiandaca
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.M.); (M.S.F.); (H.J.F.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.M.); (M.S.F.); (H.J.F.)
| | - Keith Unger
- Radiation Medicine, Med-Star Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (M.U.R.); (S.B.); (Y.L.); (J.M.); (B.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (C.P.H.); (P.P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-687-2756; Fax: +1-202-687-8860
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111
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Opitz FV, Haeberle L, Daum A, Esposito I. Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246188. [PMID: 34944807 PMCID: PMC8699458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive neoplasm with a poor survival rate. This is mainly due to late detection, which substantially limits therapy options. A better understanding of the early phases of pancreatic carcinogenesis is fundamental for improving patient prognosis in the future. In this article, we focused on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which provides the biological niche for the development of PDAC from its most common precursor lesions, PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias). Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. A characteristic of PDAC is the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates bypassing of the immune surveillance. The TME consists of a desmoplastic stroma, largely composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immunosuppressive immune cells, immunoregulatory soluble factors, neural network cells, and endothelial cells with complex interactions. PDAC develops from various precursor lesions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN), and possibly, atypical flat lesions (AFL). In this review, we focus on the composition of the TME in PanINs to reveal detailed insights into the complex restructuring of the TME at early time points in PDAC progression and to explore ways of modifying the TME to slow or even halt tumor progression.
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112
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Malinova A, Veghini L, Real FX, Corbo V. Cell Lineage Infidelity in PDAC Progression and Therapy Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:795251. [PMID: 34926472 PMCID: PMC8675127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infidelity to cell fate occurs when differentiated cells lose their original identity and either revert to a more multipotent state or transdifferentiate into a different cell type, either within the same embryonic lineage or in an entirely different one. Whilst in certain circumstances, such as in wound repair, this process is beneficial, it can be hijacked by cancer cells to drive disease initiation and progression. Cell phenotype switching has been shown to also serve as a mechanism of drug resistance in some epithelial cancers. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the role of lineage infidelity and phenotype switching is still unclear. Two consensus molecular subtypes of PDAC have been proposed that mainly reflect the existence of cell lineages with different degrees of fidelity to pancreatic endodermal precursors. Indeed, the classical subtype of PDAC is characterised by the expression of endodermal lineage specifying transcription factors, while the more aggressive basal-like/squamous subtype is defined by epigenetic downregulation of endodermal genes and alterations in chromatin modifiers. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of mechanisms (genetic and epigenetic) of cell fate switching in PDAC and discuss how pancreatic organoids might help increase our understanding of both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors governing lineage infidelity during the distinct phases of PDAC evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Malinova
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lisa Veghini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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113
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Li C, Teixeira AF, Zhu HJ, Ten Dijke P. Cancer associated-fibroblast-derived exosomes in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:154. [PMID: 34852849 PMCID: PMC8638446 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel cancer therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has received a lot of attention in recent years in particular with the advent of clinical successes achieved by targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The TME consists of multiple cell types that are embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), including immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which communicate with cancer cells and each other during tumor progression. CAFs are a dominant and heterogeneous cell type within the TME with a pivotal role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. CAFs mediate their effects in part by remodeling the ECM and by secreting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various biomolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. The biomolecules in exosomes can be transmitted from one to another cell, and thereby affect the behavior of the receiving cell. As exosomes are also present in circulation, their contents can also be explored as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we concentrate on the role of CAFs-derived exosomes in the communication between CAFs and cancer cells and other cells of the TME. First, we introduce the multiple roles of CAFs in tumorigenesis. Thereafter, we discuss the ways CAFs communicate with cancer cells and interplay with other cells of the TME, and focus in particular on the role of exosomes. Then, we elaborate on the mechanisms by which CAFs-derived exosomes contribute to cancer progression, as well as and the clinical impact of exosomes. We conclude by discussing aspects of exosomes that deserve further investigation, including emerging insights into making treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Maneshi P, Mason J, Dongre M, Öhlund D. Targeting Tumor-Stromal Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer: Impact of Collagens and Mechanical Traits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:787485. [PMID: 34901028 PMCID: PMC8656238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst outcomes among cancers with a 5-years survival rate of below 10%. This is a result of late diagnosis and the lack of effective treatments. The tumor is characterized by a highly fibrotic stroma containing distinct cellular components, embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). This ECM-abundant tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and resistance to treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), being a dominant cell type of the stroma, are in fact functionally heterogeneous populations of cells within the TME. Certain subtypes of CAFs are the main producer of the ECM components of the stroma, with the most abundant one being the collagen family of proteins. Collagens are large macromolecules that upon deposition into the ECM form supramolecular fibrillar structures which provide a mechanical framework to the TME. They not only bring structure to the tissue by being the main structural proteins but also contain binding domains that interact with surface receptors on the cancer cells. These interactions can induce various responses in the cancer cells and activate signaling pathways leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ultimately metastasis. In addition, collagens are one of the main contributors to building up mechanical forces in the tumor. These forces influence the signaling pathways that are involved in cell motility and tumor progression and affect tumor microstructure and tissue stiffness by exerting solid stress and interstitial fluid pressure on the cells. Taken together, the TME is subjected to various types of mechanical forces and interactions that affect tumor progression, metastasis, and drug response. In this review article, we aim to summarize and contextualize the recent knowledge of components of the PDAC stroma, especially the role of different collagens and mechanical traits on tumor progression. We furthermore discuss different experimental models available for studying tumor-stromal interactions and finally discuss potential therapeutic targets within the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parniyan Maneshi
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - James Mason
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mitesh Dongre
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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115
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Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling behind neural invasion linked with lymphatic and vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21197. [PMID: 34707166 PMCID: PMC8551178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a typical poor prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The mechanisms linking PNI to poor prognosis remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify what changes occurred alongside PNI in PDAC. A 128-patient cohort undergoing surgery for early-stage PDAC was evaluated. Subdivided into two groups, according to pathological state, a pancreatic nerve invasion (ne) score of less than three (from none to moderate invasion) was designated as the low-grade ne group. The high-grade (marked invasion) ne group (74 cases, 57.8%) showed a higher incidence of lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.002), a higher incidence of early recurrence (P = 0.004), decreased RFS (P < 0.001), and decreased DSS (P < 0.001). The severity of lymphatic (r = 0.440, P = 0.042) and venous (r = 0.610, P = 0.002) invasions was positively correlated with the ne score. Tumors having abundant stroma often displayed severe ne. Proteomics identified eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling as the most significantly enriched pathway in high-grade ne PDAC. Additionally, EIF2 signaling-related ribosome proteins decreased according to severity. Results showed that PNI is linked with lymphatic and vascular invasion in early-stage PDAC. Furthermore, the dysregulation of proteostasis and ribosome biogenesis can yield a difference in PNI severity.
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116
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Efficient nano-enabled therapy for gastrointestinal cancer using silicasome delivery technology. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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117
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Perales S, Torres C, Jimenez-Luna C, Prados J, Martinez-Galan J, Sanchez-Manas JM, Caba O. Liquid biopsy approach to pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1263-1287. [PMID: 34721766 PMCID: PMC8529923 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to pose a major clinical challenge. There has been little improvement in patient survival over the past few decades, and it is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer mortality by 2030. The dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 10% after the diagnosis is attributable to the lack of early symptoms, the absence of specific biomarkers for an early diagnosis, and the inadequacy of available chemotherapies. Most patients are diagnosed when the disease has already metastasized and cannot be treated. Cancer interception is vital, actively intervening in the malignization process before the development of a full-blown advanced tumor. An early diagnosis of PC has a dramatic impact on the survival of patients, and improved techniques are urgently needed to detect and evaluate this disease at an early stage. It is difficult to obtain tissue biopsies from the pancreas due to its anatomical position; however, liquid biopsies are readily available and can provide useful information for the diagnosis, prognosis, stratification, and follow-up of patients with PC and for the design of individually tailored treatments. The aim of this review was to provide an update of the latest advances in knowledge on the application of carbohydrates, proteins, cell-free nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells, metabolome compounds, exosomes, and platelets in blood as potential biomarkers for PC, focusing on their clinical relevance and potential for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Perales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Cristina Jimenez-Luna
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Joaquina Martinez-Galan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18011, Spain
| | | | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
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Tsujii S, Serada S, Fujimoto M, Uemura S, Namikawa T, Nomura T, Murakami I, Hanazaki K, Naka T. Glypican-1 Is a Novel Target for Stroma and Tumor Cell Dual-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2495-2505. [PMID: 34583978 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a stroma-rich cancer. Extracellular matrix proteins produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) found in tumor stroma that impedes effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents results in poor response in patients with PDAC. Previously, our group reported that glypican-1 (GPC1) was overexpressed in human PDAC and negatively correlated with patient survival. Immunohistochemical analysis of 25 patients with PDAC tumor specimens revealed elevated expression of GPC1 in stromal cells and pancreatic cancer cells in 80% of patients. Interestingly, GPC1 was expressed on CAFs in PDAC. We generated a GPC1 antibody-drug conjugate conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E [GPC1-ADC(MMAE)] and evaluated its preclinical antitumor activity by targeting GPC1-positive CAF and cancer cells in PDAC. GPC1-ADC(MMAE) inhibited the growth of GPC1-positive PDAC cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, GPC1-ADC(MMAE) showed a potent antitumor effect in the PDAC patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model against GPC1-positive CAF and heterogeneous GPC1-expressing cancer cells. Notably, GPC1-ADC(MMAE) showed robust preclinical efficacy against GPC1 in a stroma-positive/cancer-negative PDAC PDX model. GPC1-ADC(MMAE) was delivered and internalized to CAFs. Although apoptosis was not observed in CAFs, the released MMAE from CAFs via MDR-1 induced apoptosis of cancer cells neighboring CAFs and efficiently inhibited PDAC tumor growth. GPC1-ADC(MMAE) exhibited potent and unique antitumor activity in GPC1-positive PDAC PDX models, which suggests that GPC1 is a novel therapeutic target in PDAC and other stromal GPC1-positive solid tumors. These findings show that targeting GPC1 on CAF using GPC1-ADC(MMAE) is a useful approach in case of stroma-rich tumors such as PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Tsujii
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.,Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Sunao Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Namikawa
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Taisei Nomura
- Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hanazaki
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan.,Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
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Lu T, Prakash J. Nanomedicine Strategies to Enhance Tumor Drug Penetration in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6313-6328. [PMID: 34552327 PMCID: PMC8450289 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors with one of the worst survival rates due to its insidious onset and resistance to therapies. Most therapeutics show a desired anticancer effect in vitro; however, very poor efficacy in vivo because of the limited drug delivery and penetration into pancreatic tumors attributed to the abundance of the tumor stroma, ie, the fibrotic tumor microenvironment surrounding the cancer cells. For a better understanding of the challenges posed by the pancreatic tumor stroma, we outline the key features of the tumor microenvironment. Then we highlight major strategies used to tackle the challenges to improve drug penetration into the tumor and achieve enhanced efficacy (pre)clinically. Furthermore, we describe nanomedicine strategies to modulate the tumor stroma, degrade the extracellular matrix, and co-deliver multi-functional drugs, to improve the chemotherapeutics delivery and penetration into pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Engineered Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Engineered Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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120
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Fan Y, Sun Q, Li X, Feng J, Ao Z, Li X, Wang J. Substrate Stiffness Modulates the Growth, Phenotype, and Chemoresistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718834. [PMID: 34504843 PMCID: PMC8421636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical factors in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in response to a variety of cellular activities in cancer cells. Here, we utilized polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying physical parameters simulating tumor and metastatic target tissues to investigate the effect of substrate stiffness on the growth, phenotype, and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer cells (OCCs). We found that increasing the substrate stiffness promoted the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells, an OCC cell line. This proliferation coincided with the nuclear translocation of the oncogene Yes-associated protein. Additionally, we found that substrate softening promoted elements of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including mesenchymal cell shape changes, increase in vimentin expression, and decrease in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. Growing evidence demonstrates that apart from contributing to cancer initiation and progression, EMT can promote chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated tumor response to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and found antiproliferation effects to be directly proportional to the stiffness of the substrate. Nanomechanical studies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have revealed that chemosensitivity and chemoresistance are related to cellular mechanical properties. The results of cellular elastic modulus measurements determined by AFM demonstrated that Young's modulus of SKOV-3 cells grown on soft substrates was less than that of cells grown on stiff substrates. Gene expression analysis of SKOV-3 cells showed that mRNA expression can be greatly affected by substrate stiffness. Finally, immunocytochemistry analyses revealed an increase in multidrug resistance proteins, namely, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 and member 4 (ABCB1 and ABCB4), in the cells grown on the soft gel resulting in resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, our study may help in identification of effective targets for cancer therapy and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer progression and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Fan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hospital of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Feng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Acier A, Godard M, Gassiot F, Finetti P, Rubis M, Nowak J, Bertucci F, Iovanna JL, Tomasini R, Lécorché P, Jacquot G, Khrestchatisky M, Temsamani J, Malicet C, Vasseur S, Guillaumond F. LDL receptor-peptide conjugate as in vivo tool for specific targeting of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Commun Biol 2021; 4:987. [PMID: 34413441 PMCID: PMC8377056 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical advances in diagnosis and treatment, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the third leading cause of cancer death, and is still associated with poor prognosis and dismal survival rates. Identifying novel PDAC-targeted tools to tackle these unmet clinical needs is thus an urgent requirement. Here we use a peptide conjugate that specifically targets PDAC through low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). We demonstrate by using near-infrared fluorescence imaging the potential of this conjugate to specifically detect and discriminate primary PDAC from healthy organs including pancreas and from benign mass-forming chronic pancreatitis, as well as detect metastatic pancreatic cancer cells in healthy liver. This work paves the way towards clinical applications in which safe LDLR-targeting peptide conjugate promotes tumor-specific delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents, thereby leading to substantial improvements of the PDAC patient’s outcome. Acier et al. investigated a peptide cargo system, the Fc(A680)-VH4127, that targets PDAC through the LDLR cell-surface receptor. The Fc(A680)-VH4127 was found to specifically target spontaneous pancreatic tumors in KICmice, as well as metastatic pancreatic tumors in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélina Acier
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.,Vect-Horus, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Finetti
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | | | - François Bertucci
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Vasseur
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- CRCM, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France. .,CRCM U1068 - Pancreatic Cancer Team, 163 avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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Sun Y, Cao J, Wang X, Zhang C, Luo J, Zeng Y, Zhang C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Xu W, Zhang T, Huang P. Hypoxia-Adapted Sono-chemodynamic Treatment of Orthotopic Pancreatic Carcinoma Using Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks Loaded with an Ultrasound-Induced Free Radical Initiator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38114-38126. [PMID: 34357760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is largely dependent upon oxygen availability to generate deleterious reactive oxygen species, and as such, hypoxic microenvironments greatly constrain the efficacy of SDT. Development of free radical generators that are not dependent on oxygen and related combination treatment strategies thus have the potential to enhance the antitumor potential of SDT. Combined treatment strategies are expected to improve the efficacy of sonodynamic antitumor therapy. As metal-organic framework (MOF) platforms are highly amenable to integration with other therapeutic approaches, we herein report the development of tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoparticles constructed by embedding the azo initiator 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride (AIPH) into hypoxia-triggered copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) nanovectors to achieve synergistic sono-chemodynamic therapy in an orthotopic murine pancreatic carcinoma model system. When exposed to hypoxic conditions within the TME, this Cu-MOF structure underwent degradation, leading to the release of Cu2+ and AIPH. Cu2+ was then able to deplete local glutathione stores, resulting in the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+, which then reacts with endogenous H2O2 in a Fenton-like reaction to yield cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy. When exposed to ultrasound irradiation, AIPH further degraded in an oxygen-independent manner to yield nitrogen bubbles and alkyl radicals, the former of which enhanced the ability of these nanoparticles to penetrate deeply into the tumor. The resultant radicals induced substantial DNA damage and apoptotic cell death within target tumors under different levels of oxygen availability. As such, this hypoxic TME-responsive synergistic sono-chemodynamic approach offers an ideal means of achieving oxygen-independent free radical generation and enhanced treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Luo
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, P.R. China
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Ren B, Yang J, Wang C, Yang G, Wang H, Chen Y, Xu R, Fan X, You L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. High-resolution Hi-C maps highlight multiscale 3D epigenome reprogramming during pancreatic cancer metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:120. [PMID: 34348759 PMCID: PMC8336101 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer’s poor prognosis is caused by distal metastasis, which is associated with epigenetic changes. However, the role of the 3D epigenome in pancreatic cancer biology, especially its metastasis, remains unclear. Methods Here, we developed high-resolution 3D epigenomic maps of cells derived from normal pancreatic epithelium, primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer by in situ Hi-C, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq to identify key genes involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis Results We found that A/B compartments, contact domains, and chromatin loops changed significantly in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells, which are associated with epigenetic state alterations. Moreover, we found that upregulated genes, which were located in switched compartments, changed contact domains, and metastasis-specific enhancer-promoter loops, were related to cancer metastasis and poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. We also found that transcription factors in specific enhancer-promoter loop formation were also associated with metastasis. Finally we demonstrated that LIPC, looped to metastasis-specific enhancers, could promote pancreatic cancer metastasis. Conclusions These results highlight the multiscale 3D epigenome reprogramming during pancreatic cancer metastasis and expand our knowledge of mechanisms of gene regulation during pancreatic cancer metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-021-01131-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuning Fan
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, People's Republic of China.
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Park E, Yoo JE, Hwang HK, Kang CM, Lee CK, Kim MH, Bang S, Park YN. Combined tumor epithelial and stromal histopathology with keratin 81 expression predicts prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 29:250-261. [PMID: 34318617 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of a pragmatic pathologic classifier of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that reflects biological behavior is needed. METHODS The tumor epithelial and stromal features of PDAC and molecular subtype-related markers were evaluated in three independent cohorts. RESULTS In the non-neoadjuvant therapy cohort (n = 108), regarding tumor-epithelial feature, non-gland-forming type showed worse prognosis compared to gland-forming type (P < .001). For tumor-stromal feature, in gland-forming type, the prognosis was good in order of inactivated stroma-rich, stroma-poor, and activated stroma-rich (P = .027). Whereas, non-gland-forming type revealed no difference of prognosis according to tumor stroma. Of molecular subtype-related markers, keratin 81 expression was correlated with non-gland-forming type and poor prognosis (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Other markers (HNF1A, c-MET, and p53) showed no significant differences in prognosis. In the neoadjuvant therapy cohort (n = 68), non-gland-forming type was correlated with high residual tumor volume (≥20%) (P < .001) and gland-forming/stroma-poor type was not present. In the next-generation sequencing cohort (n = 55), non-gland-forming type was correlated with a higher number of the KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 mutations (P = .038). CONCLUSION Combined tumor epithelial and stromal histopathology with keratin 81 expression is suggested to be useful for predicting prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong-Kun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungmin Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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HGF/MET Axis Induces Tumor Secretion of Tenascin-C and Promotes Stromal Rewiring in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143519. [PMID: 34298732 PMCID: PMC8305254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been previously shown that activation of the MET receptor by its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), modulates the tumor-stroma cross-talk in models of pancreatic cancer. We now wish to cast light on the molecular mechanisms by which this ligand/receptor pair sustains the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenviroment. To this end, we compared data obtained by large-scale analysis of gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells grown in the presence of HGF versus cells grown in the presence of HGF and treated with specific inhibitors of HGF/MET signaling. By clustering differentially expressed genes according to functional groups, we identified candidate genes involved in the process. Among these, tenascin C was selected due to its activity in sustaining the malignant phenotype. Our results highlight a new role for tenascin C, which could represent the operative arm through which MET promotes activation of the stromal compartment in pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumor characterized by the presence of an abundant stromal compartment contributing significantly to the malignant phenotype. Pancreatic stellate cells are peculiar fibroblasts present in the stroma and represent the predominant source of extracellular matrix proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Exploiting a co-culture system of human pancreatic stellate cells and cancer cells, we demonstrated that fibroblast activation was reduced upon HGF/MET axis inhibition. To unveil the signaling pathways sustaining stroma modulation orchestrated by MET activation in the tumor, we analyzed the gene expression profile in pancreatic cancer cells stimulated with HGF and treated with HGF/MET inhibitors. Transcriptome analysis showed that, among all the genes modulated by HGF, a subset of 125 genes was restored to the basal level following treatment with the inhibitors. By examining these genes via ingenuity pathway analysis, tenascin C emerged as a promising candidate linking MET signaling and tumor microenvironment. MET-dependent tenascin C modulation in pancreatic cancer cells was validated at RNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this work identifies tenascin C as a gene modulated by MET activation, suggesting a role in MET-mediated tumor-stroma interplay occurring during pancreatic tumor progression.
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Mao M, Ling H, Lin Y, Chen Y, Xu B, Zheng R. Construction and Validation of an Immune-Based Prognostic Model for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Based on Public Databases. Front Genet 2021; 12:702102. [PMID: 34335699 PMCID: PMC8318842 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.702102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly lethal and aggressive tumor with poor prognoses. The predictive capability of immune-related genes (IRGs) in PAAD has yet to be explored. We aimed to explore prognostic-related immune genes and develop a prediction model for indicating prognosis in PAAD. Methods The messenger (m)RNA expression profiles acquired from public databases were comprehensively integrated and differentially expressed genes were identified. Univariate analysis was utilized to identify IRGs that related to overall survival. Whereafter, a multigene signature in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort was established based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Moreover, a transcription factors regulatory network was constructed to reveal potential molecular processes in PAAD. PAAD datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were applied for the validations. Finally, correlation analysis between the prognostic model and immunocyte infiltration was investigated. Results Totally, 446 differentially expressed immune-related genes were screened in PAAD tissues and normal tissues, of which 43 IRGs were significantly related to the overall survival of PAAD patients. An immune-based prognostic model was developed, which contained eight IRGs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk score model was an independent prognostic indicator in PAAD (HR > 1, P < 0.001). Besides, the sensitivity of the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, immunocyte infiltration analysis revealed that the eight-gene signature possibly played a pivotal role in the status of the PAAD immune microenvironment. Conclusion A novel prognostic model based on immune genes may serve to characterize the immune microenvironment and provide a basis for PAAD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaobin Mao
- The Graduate School, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Union Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Ling
- The Graduate School, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Union Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- The Graduate School, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Union Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Benhua Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Union Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Union Clinical Medicine College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Belhabib I, Zaghdoudi S, Lac C, Bousquet C, Jean C. Extracellular Matrices and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34298680 PMCID: PMC8303391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancer progression is dictated by neoplastic cell features and pro-tumoral crosstalks with their microenvironment. Stroma modifications, such as fibroblast activation into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, are now recognized as critical events for cancer progression and as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. The recent appreciation of the key, complex and multiple roles of the ECM in cancer and of the CAF diversity, has revolutionized the field and raised innovative but challenging questions. Here, we rapidly present CAF heterogeneity in link with their specific ECM remodeling features observed in cancer, before developing each of the impacts of such ECM modifications on tumor progression (survival, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche, chemoresistance, etc.), and on patient prognosis. Finally, based on preclinical studies and recent results obtained from clinical trials, we highlight key mechanisms or proteins that are, or may be, used as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets, and we report and discuss benefits, disappointments, or even failures, of recently reported stroma-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Jean
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; (I.B.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (C.B.)
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128
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Aghamiri S, Raee P, Talaei S, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Bayat S, Rezaee D, Ghavidel AA, Teymouri A, Roshanzamiri S, Farhadi S, Ghanbarian H. Nonviral siRNA delivery systems for pancreatic cancer therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3669-3690. [PMID: 34170520 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The serious drawbacks of the conventional treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) such as nonspecific toxicity and high resistance to chemo and radiation therapy, have prompted the development and application of countless small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics. Recent advances in drug delivery systems hold great promise for improving siRNA-based therapeutics and developing a new class of drugs, known as nano-siRNA drugs. However, many fundamental questions, regarding toxicity, immunostimulation, and poor knowledge of nano-bio interactions, need to be addressed before clinical translation. In this review, we provide recent achievements in the design and development of various nonviral delivery vehicles for pancreatic cancer therapy. More importantly, codelivery of conventional anticancer drugs with siRNA as a new revolutionary pancreatic cancer combinational therapy is completely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aghamiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sam Talaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Bayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin A Ghavidel
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Teymouri
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Roshanzamiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Farhadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adjuto-Saccone M, Soubeyran P, Garcia J, Audebert S, Camoin L, Rubis M, Roques J, Binétruy B, Iovanna JL, Tournaire R. TNF-α induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition promoting stromal development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:649. [PMID: 34172716 PMCID: PMC8233393 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which facilitates tumour progression. PDAC is characterised by abundant CAFs and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Here, we show that TNF-α strongly induces human endothelial cells to undergo EndMT. Interestingly, TNF-α strongly downregulates the expression of the endothelial receptor TIE1, and reciprocally TIE1 overexpression partially prevents TNF-α-induced EndMT, suggesting that TNF-α acts, at least partially, through TIE1 regulation in this process. We also show that TNF-α-induced EndMT is reversible. Furthermore, TNF-α treatment of orthotopic mice resulted in an important increase in the stroma, including CAFs. Finally, secretome analysis identified TNFSF12, as a regulator that is also present in PDAC patients. With the aim of restoring normal angiogenesis and better access to drugs, our results support the development of therapies targeting CAFs or inducing the EndMT reversion process in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Adjuto-Saccone
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille Protéomique, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Marseille Protéomique, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Binétruy
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Roselyne Tournaire
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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CT Abnormalities of the Pancreas Associated With the Subsequent Diagnosis of Clinical Stage I Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma More Than One Year Later: A Case-Control Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:1353-1364. [PMID: 34161128 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.26014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal, partly due to challenges in early diagnosis. However, the prognosis for earlier stages (carcinoma in situ or stage T1a invasive carcinoma) is relatively favorable. Objective: To investigate findings of an earlier diagnosis of PDAC on pre-diagnostic CT examinations performed at least one year before the diagnosis of clinical stage I PDAC. Methods: This retrospective study included 103 patients with clinical stage I PDAC and a pre-diagnostic CT at least one year before the CT that detected PDAC, as well as 103 control patients without PDAC on CT examinations separated by at least 10 years. The frequency and temporal characteristics of focal pancreatic abnormalities (pancreatic mass, main pancreatic duct (MPD) change, parenchymal atrophy, faint parenchymal enhancement, cyst, and parenchymal calcification) on pre-diagnostic CT examinations were determined. Results: A focal pancreatic abnormality was present on the most recent pre-diagnostic CT in 55/103 (53.4%) patients with PDAC versus 21/103 (20.4%) control patients (p<.001). In patients with PDAC, the most common focal abnormalities on pre-diagnostic CT were atrophy (39/103, 37.9%), faint enhancement (17/65, 26.2%), and MPD change (14/103, 13.6%), which were all more frequent in patients with PDAC than in control patients (p<.05). In 54/55 (98.2%) patients with PDAC, the PDAC corresponded with the site of a focal abnormality (exact location or the abnormality's upstream or downstream edge) on pre-diagnostic CT. Frequency of focal abnormalities decreased with increasing time before the CT that detected PDAC (1-2 years before diagnosis, 64.9%; 2-3 years, 49.2%; 3-5 years, 41.8%; 5-7 years, 29.7%; 7-10 years, 18.5%; over 10 years, 0%). Mean duration from the finding's initial appearance to diagnosis of PDAC was 4.6 years for atrophy, 3.3 years for faint enhancement, and 1.1 years for MPD change. Conclusion: Most patients with clinical stage I PDAC demonstrated focal pancreatic abnormalities on pre-diagnostic CT obtained at least one year before diagnosis. Focal MPD change exhibited the shortest duration from its development to subsequent diagnosis, where atrophy and faint enhancement exhibited a relatively prolonged course. Clinical impact: These findings could facilitate earlier PDAC diagnosis and thus improve prognosis.
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Ahmad RS, Eubank TD, Lukomski S, Boone BA. Immune Cell Modulation of the Extracellular Matrix Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060901. [PMID: 34204306 PMCID: PMC8234537 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a five-year survival rate of only 9%. PDAC is characterized by a dense, fibrotic stroma composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This desmoplastic stroma is a hallmark of PDAC, representing a significant physical barrier that is immunosuppressive and obstructs penetration of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, dense ECM promotes hypoxia, making tumor cells refractive to radiation therapy and alters their metabolism, thereby supporting proliferation and survival. In this review, we outline the significant contribution of fibrosis to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the cross talk between immune cells and pancreatic stellate cells that contribute to ECM deposition. We emphasize the cellular mechanisms by which neutrophils and macrophages, specifically, modulate the ECM in favor of PDAC-progression. Furthermore, we investigate how activated stellate cells and ECM influence immune cells and promote immunosuppression in PDAC. Finally, we summarize therapeutic strategies that target the stroma and hinder immune cell promotion of fibrogenesis, which have unfortunately led to mixed results. An enhanced understanding of the complex interactions between the pancreatic tumor ECM and immune cells may uncover novel treatment strategies that are desperately needed for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiz S. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.D.E.); (S.L.)
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.D.E.); (S.L.)
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (T.D.E.); (S.L.)
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence:
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Fibroblasts Influence the Efficacy, Resistance, and Future Use of Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060634. [PMID: 34200702 PMCID: PMC8230410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of not only epithelial cells but also many other cell types that contribute to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within this space, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent cell type, and these cells are connected to an increase in tumor progression as well as alteration of the immune landscape present in and around the tumor. This is accomplished in part by their ability to alter the presence of both innate and adaptive immune cells as well as the release of various chemokines and cytokines, together leading to a more immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, new research implicates CAFs as players in immunotherapy response in many different tumor types, typically by blunting their efficacy. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), two major CAF proteins, are associated with the outcome of different immunotherapies and, additionally, have become new targets themselves for immune-based strategies directed at CAFs. This review will focus on CAFs and how they alter the immune landscape within tumors, how this affects response to current immunotherapy treatments, and how immune-based treatments are currently being harnessed to target the CAF population itself.
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic Opportunities and Clinical Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122860. [PMID: 34201127 PMCID: PMC8226457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a major component of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and their increased abundance is associated with poor patient survival. Given the multi-faceted role of macrophages in promoting pancreatic tumor development and progression, these cells represent promising targets for anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Macrophages are one of the earliest infiltrating cells in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and are associated with an increased risk of disease progression, recurrence, metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated an unequivocal role of macrophages in PDAC by contributing to chronic inflammation, cancer cell stemness, desmoplasia, immune suppression, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Several macrophage-targeting therapies have also been investigated in pre-clinical models, and include macrophage depletion, inhibiting macrophage recruitment, and macrophage reprogramming. However, the effectiveness of these drugs in pre-clinical models has not always translated into clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that underpin macrophage heterogeneity within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and examine the contribution of macrophages at various stages of PDAC progression. We also provide a comprehensive update of macrophage-targeting therapies that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, and discuss clinical challenges associated with these treatment modalities in human PDAC patients.
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Alzhrani R, Alsaab HO, Vanamal K, Bhise K, Tatiparti K, Barari A, Sau S, Iyer AK. Overcoming the Tumor Microenvironmental Barriers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas for Achieving Better Treatment Outcomes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000262. [PMID: 34212073 PMCID: PMC8240487 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with the lowest survival rate among all solid tumors. The lethality of PDAC arises from late detection and propensity of the tumor to metastasize and develop resistance against chemo and radiation therapy. A highly complex tumor microenvironment composed of dense stroma, immune cells, fibroblast, and disorganized blood vessels, is the main obstacle to current PDAC therapy. Despite the tremendous success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancers, PDAC remains one of the poorest responders of ICIs therapy. The immunologically "cold" phenotype of PDAC is attributed to the low mutational burden, high infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regs, contributing to a significant immunotherapy resistance mechanism. Thus, the development of innovative strategies for turning immunologically "cold" tumor into "hot" ones is an unmet need to improve the outcome of PDAC ICIs therapies. Other smart strategies, such as nanomedicines, sonic Hedgehog inhibitor, or smoothened inhibitor, are discussed to enhance chemotherapeutic agents' efficiency by disrupting the PDAC stroma. This review highlights the current challenges and various preclinical and clinical strategies to overcome current PDAC therapy difficulties, thus significantly advancing PDAC research knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Alzhrani
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kushal Vanamal
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Ayatakshi Barari
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Preclinical autophagy modulatory nanomedicines: big challenges, slow advances. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1415-1434. [PMID: 34030559 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1933428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is a critical housekeeping pathway to remove toxic protein aggregates, damaged organelles, providing cells with bioenergetic substrates needed to survive under adverse conditions. Since altered autophagy is associated with diverse diseases, its pharmacological modulation is considered of therapeutic interest. Nanomedicines may reduce the toxicity and improve the activity of toxic autophagy modulatory drugs (amd). AREAS COVERED The status of the most relevant anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious treatments mediated by autophagy modulatory nanomedicines (amN) published in the last 5 years is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatments may be improved by administering amN for selective, massive, and targeted delivery of amd to diseased tissues. The use of amN as antimicrobial agent remains almost underexploited. Assessing the effect of amN on the complex autophagy machinery operating under different basal diseases, however, is not a trivial task. Besides structural reproducibility, nanomedicines must grant higher efficiency, and lower adverse effects than conventional medication. Simplicity of design, carefully chosen (scalable) preparation techniques, and rigorous monitoring of preclinical efficacy and nanotoxicity will improve the chances of clinical success. Currently, available data are not sufficient to envisage a fast-succeeding translation. Application of quality by design criteria would help to reach such milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lilia Romero
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanomedicines Research and Development Center, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu L, Kshirsagar P, Christiansen J, Gautam SK, Aithal A, Gulati M, Kumar S, Solheim JC, Batra SK, Jain M, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Polyanhydride nanoparticles stabilize pancreatic cancer antigen MUC4β. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:893-902. [PMID: 32776461 PMCID: PMC8100985 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies and represents an increasing and challenging threat, especially with an aging population. The identification of immunogenic PC-specific upregulated antigens and an enhanced understanding of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have provided opportunities to enable the immune system to recognize cancer cells. Due to its differential upregulation and functional role in PC, the transmembrane mucin MUC4 is an attractive target for immunotherapy. In the current study we characterized the antigen stability, antigenicity and release kinetics of a MUC4β-nanovaccine to guide further optimization and, in vivo evaluation. Amphiphilic polyanhydride copolymers based on 20 mol % 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane and 80 mol % 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane were used to synthesize nanoparticles. Structurally stable MUC4β protein was released from the particles in a sustained manner and characterized by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Modest levels of protein degradation were observed upon release. The released protein was also analyzed by MUC4β-specific monoclonal antibodies using ELISA and showed no significant loss of epitope availability. Further, mice immunized with multiple formulations of combination vaccines containing MUC4β-loaded nanoparticles generated MUC4β-specific antibody responses. These results indicate that polyanhydride nanoparticles are viable MUC4β vaccine carriers, laying the foundation for evaluation of this platform for PC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Prakash Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - John Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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137
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Jena BC, Rout L, Dey A, Mandal M. Active autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts: Recent advances in understanding the novel mechanism of tumor progression and therapeutic response. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7887-7902. [PMID: 34008184 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is primarily a homeostatic and catabolic process that is increasingly being recognized to have a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of cancer cells, as well as in the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Moreover, in the tumor microenvironment (TME) autophagy plays a crucial and sometimes dichotomous role in tumor progression. Recent studies show that during the early stages of tumor initiation, autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in the advanced stage of tumorigenesis, autophagy promotes cancer progression by protecting cancer cells against stressful conditions and therapeutic assault. Specifically, in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), autophagy promotes tumorigenesis not only by providing nutrients to the cancerous cells but also by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, and metastatic dissemination of the cancer cells, whereas in the immune cells, autophagy induces the tumor-localized immune response. In the TME, CAFs play a crucial role in cancer cell metabolism, immunoreaction, and growth. Therefore, targeting autophagy in CAFs by several pharmacological inducers like rapamycin or the inhibitor such as chloroquine has gained importance in preclinical and clinical trials. In the present review, we summarized the basic mechanism of autophagy in CAFs along with its role in driving tumorigenic progression through several emerging as well as classical hallmarks of cancer. We also addressed various autophagy inducers as well as inhibitors of autophagy for more efficient cancer management. Eventually, we prioritized some of the outstanding issues that must be addressed with utmost priority in the future to elucidate the role of autophagy in CAFs on tumor progression and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Lipsa Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha'O'Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- Cancer Biology Lab, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Kokkinos J, Jensen A, Sharbeen G, McCarroll JA, Goldstein D, Haghighi KS, Phillips PA. Does the Microenvironment Hold the Hidden Key for Functional Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102427. [PMID: 34067833 PMCID: PMC8156664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers and no significant improvement in patient survival has been seen in the past three decades. Treatment options are limited and selection of chemotherapy in the clinic is usually based on the performance status of a patient rather than the biology of their disease. In recent years, research has attempted to unlock a personalised treatment strategy by identifying actionable molecular targets in tumour cells or using preclinical models to predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy. However, these approaches rely on the biology of PDAC tumour cells only and ignore the importance of the microenvironment and fibrotic stroma. In this review, we highlight the importance of the microenvironment in driving the chemoresistant nature of PDAC and the need for preclinical models to mimic the complex multi-cellular microenvironment of PDAC in the precision medicine pipeline. We discuss the potential for ex vivo whole-tissue culture models to inform precision medicine and their role in developing novel therapeutic strategies that hit both tumour and stromal compartments in PDAC. Thus, we highlight the critical role of the tumour microenvironment that needs to be addressed before a precision medicine program for PDAC can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kokkinos
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Anya Jensen
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Joshua A. McCarroll
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Koroush S. Haghighi
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Phoebe A. Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.K.); (G.S.); (D.G.)
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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139
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Wang Y, Gao Z, Du X, Chen S, Zhang W, Wang J, Li H, He X, Cao J, Wang J. Co-inhibition of the TGF-β pathway and the PD-L1 checkpoint by pH-responsive clustered nanoparticles for pancreatic cancer microenvironment regulation and anti-tumor immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:5121-5132. [PMID: 32820750 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00916d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding tumor cells to sequester CD8+ T cell infiltration and prevent drug penetration. Concomitant inhibition of both the TGF-β pathway and the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint is a viable strategy to increase T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity. Here, we used an acidic tumor extracellular pH (pHe) responsive clustered nanoparticle (LYiClustersiPD-L1) to deliver TGF-β receptor inhibitors (LY2157299) and siRNA targeting PD-L1 (siPD-L1) for PDAC stroma microenvironment regulation and antitumor immunotherapy. LY2157299 encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of the nanoparticle can effectively inhibit the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and result in a reduction in type I collagen. siPD-L1 adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticle was released with small size poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) at the surface of LYiClustersiPD-L1 under pHe and penetrated into the tumors to silence PD-L1 gene expression in tumor cells. Compared to monotherapy, LYiClustersiPD-L1 significantly increased tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and provoked antitumor immunity to synergistically suppress tumor growth in both a subcutaneous Panc02 xenograft model and an orthotopic tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuxin Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Du
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Senbiao Chen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wangcheng Zhang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jilong Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu He
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China and Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, P.R. China
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140
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Pan H, Diao H, Zhong W, Wang T, Wen P, Wu C. A Cancer Cell Cluster Marked by LincRNA MEG3 Leads Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656564. [PMID: 34055623 PMCID: PMC8155708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly devastating disease with poor prognosis and rising incidence worldwide. Late detection and particularly aggressive characteristics are the major challenges that lead to therapeutic failure of this disease. A well described gene program and core regulators are yet to be discovered to drive the metastasis of the PDAC cells. As the development of single cell omics technologies including single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), detailed characterization of the cellular composition of solid tumors and their microenvironments are well elaborated. In the current study, we accessed a recently published scRNA-seq dataset on primary and metastatic PDAC tissues and subset the tumor cells. By comparative analysis, we profiled the differentially expressed gene programs of primary and metastatic PDAC and found several long intergenic non-coding RNAs (LincRNAs) in top genes. The PDAC cancer cells showed some heterogeneity and were divided into four major subclusters based on gene profiles, one of which was mostly contributed by metastatic PDAC. Interestingly, this subcluster was remarkably marked by one of the above LincRNAs, MEG3, and exhibited significantly increased Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) signatures. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) on the signature genes of this subcluster gave multiple cancer metastasis associated and EMT signaling pathways, suggesting a critical role of this cluster in leading tumor cell metastasis. Taken together, this study displayed a PDAC cancer subcluster and its marker gene, biologically targeting of which might significantly attenuate the metastasis of tumor and might be a potential strategy for the therapeutic treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunli Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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141
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Wang Y, Wang D, Dai Y, Kong X, Zhu X, Fan Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Jin J, Yao W, Gao J, Wang K, Xu H. Positive Crosstalk Between Hedgehog and NF-κB Pathways Is Dependent on KRAS Mutation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652283. [PMID: 34046348 PMCID: PMC8144522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways plays an important role in the pancreatic carcinogenesis, and KRAS mutation is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Until now, the role of KRAS mutation in the context of crosstalk between Hh and NF-κB signaling pathways in PDAC has not been investigated. This study was to determine whether the crosstalk between the Hh and NF-κB pathways is dependent on KRAS mutation in PDAC. The correlation between Gli1, Shh, NF-κB p65 expression and KRAS mutation in PDAC tissues was firstly examined by immunohistochemistry. Next, Western blotting, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were conducted to examine the biological effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as NF-κB signaling agonists, Shh as an Hh ligand alone or in combination with KRAS small interfering RNA (si-KRAS) in KRAS-mutant PDAC cells (MT-KRAS; SW1990 and Panc-1), wild-type KRAS PDAC cells (WT-KRAS; BxPC-3) and mutant KRAS knock-in BxPC-3 cells in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. KRAS mutation-dependent crosstalk between Hh and NF-κB in PDAC cells was further assessed by Ras activity and luciferase reporter assays. The aberrant Hh and NF-κB pathway activation was found in PDAC tissues with KRAS mutation. The same findings were confirmed in MT-KRAS PDAC cells and MT-KRAS knock-in BxPC-3 cells, whereas this activation was not observed in WT-KRAS PDAC cells. However, the activation was significantly down-regulated by KRAS silencing in MT-KRAS PDAC cells. Furthermore, MT-KRAS cancer cell proliferation and survival in vitro and tumor growth after inoculation with MT-KRAS cells in vivo were promoted by NF-κB and Hh signaling activation. The pivotal factor for co-activation of NF-κB and Hh signaling is MT-KRAS protein upregulation, showing that positive crosstalk between Hh and NF-κB pathways is dependent upon KRAS mutation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Hospital of 92608 People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) Troops, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanmiao Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhu Yao
- Bureau of headmaster, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
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Ahmad IM, Dafferner AJ, O’Connell KA, Mehla K, Britigan BE, Hollingsworth MA, Abdalla MY. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibition Potentiates the Effects of Nab-Paclitaxel-Gemcitabine and Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2264. [PMID: 34066839 PMCID: PMC8125955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Tumor hypoxia plays an active role in promoting tumor progression, malignancy, and resistance to therapy in PDAC. We present evidence that nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine (NPG) and/or a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), providing a survival advantage for tumors. Using PDAC cells in vitro and a PDAC mouse model, we found that NPG chemotherapy up-regulated expression of HO-1 in PDAC cells and increased its nuclear translocation. Inhibition of HO-1 with ZnPP and SnPP sensitized PDAC cells to NPG-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, HO-1 expression was increased in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells (p < 0.05), and HO-1 inhibition increased GEM-resistant PDAC sensitivity to NPG (p < 0.05). NPG combined with HO-1 inhibitor inhibited tumor size in an orthotopic model. In parallel, HO-1 inhibition abrogated the influx of macrophages and FoxP3+ cells, while increasing the proportion of CD8+ infiltration in the pancreatic tumors. These effects were mediated primarily by reducing expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Ahmad
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Alicia J. Dafferner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Kelly A. O’Connell
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Bradley E. Britigan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Nebraska Western Iowa, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Service, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Maher Y. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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Li S, Zhang W, Xing R, Yuan C, Xue H, Yan X. Supramolecular Nanofibrils Formed by Coassembly of Clinically Approved Drugs for Tumor Photothermal Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100595. [PMID: 33876464 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies, compromises the performance of traditional therapeutic regimens in the clinic because of stromal resistance to systemic drug delivery and poor prognosis caused by tumor metastasis. Therefore, a biocompatible therapeutic paradigm that can effectively inhibit pancreatic tumor growth while simultaneously eliminating tumor metastasis is urgently needed. Herein, supramolecular nanofibrils are fabricated through coassembly of clinically approved immunomodulatory thymopentin and near-infrared indocyanine green for localized photothermal immunotherapy of pancreatic tumors. The resulting long-range ordered fibrous nanodrugs show improved photophysical capabilities for fluorescence imaging and photothermal conversion and significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of antitumor immune cells. Hence, the integration of rapid photothermal therapy and moderate immunomodulation for inhibiting tumor growth and eliminating tumor metastasis is promising. The utilization of clinically approved molecules to construct nanodrugs administered via localized injection amplifies the complementary photothermal immunotherapeutic effects of the components, creating opportunities for clinical translation as a treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruirui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengqian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huadan Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Pfohl U, Pflaume A, Regenbrecht M, Finkler S, Graf Adelmann Q, Reinhard C, Regenbrecht CRA, Wedeken L. Precision Oncology Beyond Genomics: The Future Is Here-It Is Just Not Evenly Distributed. Cells 2021; 10:928. [PMID: 33920536 PMCID: PMC8072767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease with increasing incidence. There are more than 100 different cancer types, defined by location, cell of origin, and genomic alterations that influence oncogenesis and therapeutic response. This heterogeneity between tumors of different patients and also the heterogeneity within the same patient's tumor pose an enormous challenge to cancer treatment. In this review, we explore tumor heterogeneity on the longitudinal and the latitudinal axis, reviewing current and future approaches to study this heterogeneity and their potential to support oncologists in tailoring a patient's treatment regimen. We highlight how the ideal of precision oncology is reaching far beyond the knowledge of genetic variants to inform clinical practice and discuss the technologies and strategies already available to improve our understanding and management of heterogeneity in cancer treatment. We will focus on integrating multi-omics technologies with suitable in vitro models and their proficiency in mimicking endogenous tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfohl
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 1, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alina Pflaume
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Manuela Regenbrecht
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sabine Finkler
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Quirin Graf Adelmann
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reinhard
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Wedeken
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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146
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Chen X, An Y, Zhang Y, Xu D, Chen T, Yang Y, Chen W, Wu D, Zhang X. CCL26 is upregulated by nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts and promotes PDAC invasiveness through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:612-619. [PMID: 33764366 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the combined use of FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin and fluorouracil plus irinotecan and oxaliplatin) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. However, there is still a high proportion of patients who develop metastatic pancreatic cancer in the course of chemotherapy or within a short period after chemotherapy. Previous reports have shown that chemotherapy-driven cytokine storms or the direct effects of certain chemotherapeutics on stromal and/or immune cells collectively change the microenvironment of the primary tumor, thus indirectly promoting metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying chemotherapy-induced metastasis in the course of chemotherapy, and afterwards, remains elusive in pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we aimed to determine the expression of CCL26 in the pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) after nab-paclitaxel treatment and to explore the role of CCL26 in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) invasion. Our results showed that nab-paclitaxel increased CCL26 mRNA and protein expression levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, PDAC cell lines were treated with recombinant CCL26 for 48 h. The transwell migration assay showed that recombinant CCL26 enhanced the invasion of PDAC cells. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of phospho-(p-)PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were increased by CCL26 in PDAC cells. CCL26 expressions in 95 PDAC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. CCL26 was found to be overexpressed in PDAC samples, and upregulated CCL26 expression was significantly associated with advanced perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor differentiation. In summary, our results showed that nab-paclitaxel increased the expression of CCL26 in CAFs, and CCL26 enhanced the invasive potential of pancreatic cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Thus, CCL26 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Yong An
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun Branch, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Tongbing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Weibo Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China
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147
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Rahnamay Farnood P, Danesh Pazhooh R, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in pancreatic cancer development and therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 103:103116. [PMID: 33882393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among fatal malignancies, with a dismal prognosis and a low survival rate of 5-10%. In both sporadic and inherited PC, gene alterations, such as BRCA1/2, PALB2, and ATM, can occur frequently. Currently, surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy are the most common therapeutic strategies for treating this cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) establishes multiple pathways that eliminate DNA damage sites to maintain genomic integrity. Various types of cancers and age-related diseases are associated with DDR machinery defects. According to the severity of the damage, DDR pathways respond appropriately to lesions through repairing damage, arresting the cell cycle, or apoptosis. Recently, novel agents, particularly those targeting DDR pathways, are being utilized to improve the response of many cancers to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this paper, we briefly reviewed DDR processes and their components, including DDR sensors, DDR mediators, and DDR transducers in the progression, prognosis, and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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148
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Qiu YA, Xiong J, Yu T. Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Digestive System Carcinomas: A Minireview. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2611-2622. [PMID: 33888991 PMCID: PMC8055353 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s291896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system carcinomas are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), a novel estrogen receptor, has been recognized as an important mediator in numerous cancer types. Recently, the function and clinical significance of GPER in digestive system carcinomas has been a subject of interest. Increasing evidence has revealed that GPER plays an important role as a potential biomarker in digestive system carcinomas. This work summarizes the recent literature and focuses on the emerging functional role of GPER in digestive system carcinomas, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. The potential application of GPER in novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system carcinomas is discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang University Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
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149
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Rai ZL, Feakins R, Pallett LJ, Manas D, Davidson BR. Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Current Clinical Outcomes, Mechanism of Action and Opportunities for Synergistic Therapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1609. [PMID: 33920118 PMCID: PMC8068938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) accounts for 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel cancer treatment that may improve survival and quality of life in LAPC. This narrative review will provide a perspective on the clinical experience of pancreas IRE therapy, explore the evidence for the mode of action, assess treatment complications, and propose strategies for augmenting IRE response. A systematic search was performed using PubMed regarding the clinical use and safety profile of IRE on pancreatic cancer, post-IRE sequential histological changes, associated immune response, and synergistic therapies. Animal data demonstrate that IRE induces both apoptosis and necrosis followed by fibrosis. Major complications may result from IRE; procedure related mortality is up to 2%, with an average morbidity as high as 36%. Nevertheless, prospective and retrospective studies suggest that IRE treatment may increase median overall survival of LAPC to as much as 30 months and provide preliminary data justifying the well-designed trials currently underway, comparing IRE to the standard of care treatment. The mechanism of action of IRE remains unknown, and there is a lack of data on treatment variables and efficiency in humans. There is emerging data suggesting that IRE can be augmented with synergistic therapies such as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab L. Rai
- Centre of Surgical Innovation, Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK;
- Wellcome/EPSRC Center for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Roger Feakins
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Derek Manas
- Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
| | - Brian R. Davidson
- Centre of Surgical Innovation, Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK;
- Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK;
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150
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Hu X, Xia F, Lee J, Li F, Lu X, Zhuo X, Nie G, Ling D. Tailor-Made Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002545. [PMID: 33854877 PMCID: PMC8025024 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to its aggressiveness and the challenge to early diagnosis and treatment. In recent decades, nanomaterials have received increasing attention for diagnosis and therapy of PDAC. However, these designs are mainly focused on the macroscopic tumor therapeutic effect, while the crucial nano-bio interactions in the heterogeneous microenvironment of PDAC remain poorly understood. As a result, the majority of potent nanomedicines show limited performance in ameliorating PDAC in clinical translation. Therefore, exploiting the unique nature of the PDAC by detecting potential biomarkers together with a deep understanding of nano-bio interactions that occur in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal to the design of PDAC-tailored effective nanomedicine. This review will introduce tailor-made nanomaterials-enabled laboratory tests and advanced noninvasive imaging technologies for early and accurate diagnosis of PDAC. Moreover, the fabrication of a myriad of tailor-made nanomaterials for various PDAC therapeutic modalities will be reviewed. Furthermore, much preferred theranostic multifunctional nanomaterials for imaging-guided therapies of PDAC will be elaborated. Lastly, the prospects of these nanomaterials in terms of clinical translation and potential breakthroughs will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Hu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Researchthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Fan Xia
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Clinical PharmacyZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Researchthe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyNo.11 Zhongguancun BeiyitiaoBeijing100190China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510700China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of PharmaceuticsZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug ResearchHangzhou Institute of Innovative MedicineCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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