101
|
Kolev M, West EE, Kunz N, Chauss D, Moseman EA, Rahman J, Freiwald T, Balmer ML, Lötscher J, Dimeloe S, Rosser EC, Wedderburn LR, Mayer-Barber KD, Bohrer A, Lavender P, Cope A, Wang L, Kaplan MJ, Moutsopoulos NM, McGavern D, Holland SM, Hess C, Kazemian M, Afzali B, Kemper C. Diapedesis-Induced Integrin Signaling via LFA-1 Facilitates Tissue Immunity by Inducing Intrinsic Complement C3 Expression in Immune Cells. Immunity 2020; 52:513-527.e8. [PMID: 32187519 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic complement C3 activity is integral to human T helper type 1 (Th1) and cytotoxic T cell responses. Increased or decreased intracellular C3 results in autoimmunity and infections, respectively. The mechanisms regulating intracellular C3 expression remain undefined. We identified complement, including C3, as among the most significantly enriched biological pathway in tissue-occupying cells. We generated C3-reporter mice and confirmed that C3 expression was a defining feature of tissue-immune cells, including T cells and monocytes, occurred during transendothelial diapedesis, and depended on integrin lymphocyte-function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) signals. Immune cells from patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) had reduced C3 transcripts and diminished effector activities, which could be rescued proportionally by intracellular C3 provision. Conversely, increased C3 expression by T cells from arthritis patients correlated with disease severity. Our study defines integrins as key controllers of intracellular complement, demonstrates that perturbations in the LFA-1-C3-axis contribute to primary immunodeficiency, and identifies intracellular C3 as biomarker of severity in autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erin E West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Chauss
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Ashley Moseman
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jubayer Rahman
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria L Balmer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Programme, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCHL and GOSH, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation Programme, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCHL and GOSH, London WC1N 1EH, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Lavender
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew Cope
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Luopin Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian McGavern
- Viral Immunology & Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Merle NS, Singh P, Rahman J, Kemper C. Integrins meet complement: The evolutionary tip of an iceberg orchestrating metabolism and immunity. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2754-2770. [PMID: 32562277 PMCID: PMC8359198 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologists have recently realized that there is more to the classic innate immune sensor systems than just mere protection against invading pathogens. It is becoming increasingly clear that such sensors, including the inflammasomes, toll-like receptors, and the complement system, are heavily involved in the regulation of basic cell physiological processes and particularly those of metabolic nature. In fact, their "non-canonical" activities make sense as no system directing immune cell activity can perform such task without the need for energy. Further, many of these ancient immune sensors appeared early and concurrently during evolution, particularly during the developmental leap from the single-cell organisms to multicellularity, and therefore crosstalk heavily with each other. Here, we will review the current knowledge about the emerging cooperation between the major inter-cell communicators, integrins, and the cell-autonomous intracellularly and autocrine-active complement, the complosome, during the regulation of single-cell metabolism. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non-canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jubayer Rahman
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Bain W, Li H, van der Geest R, Moore SR, Olonisakin TF, Ahn B, Papke E, Moghbeli K, DeSensi R, Rapport S, Saul M, Hulver M, Xiong Z, Mallampalli RK, Ray P, Morris A, Ma L, Doi Y, Zhang Y, Kitsios GD, Kulkarni HS, McVerry BJ, Ferreira VP, Nouraie M, Lee JS. Increased Alternative Complement Pathway Function and Improved Survival during Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:230-240. [PMID: 32374177 PMCID: PMC7365364 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201910-2083oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Complement is crucial for host defense but may also drive dysregulated inflammation. There is limited understanding of alternative complement function, which can amplify all complement activity, during critical illness.Objectives: We examined the function and key components of the alternative complement pathway in a series of critically ill patients and in a mouse pneumonia model.Methods: Total classical (CH50) and alternative complement (AH50) function were quantified in serum from 321 prospectively enrolled critically ill patients and compared with clinical outcomes. Alternative pathway (AP) regulatory factors were quantified by ELISA (n = 181) and examined via transcriptomics data from external cohorts. Wild-type, Cfb-/-, and C3-/- mice were infected intratracheally with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and assessed for extrapulmonary dissemination.Measurements and Main Results: AH50 greater than or equal to median, but not CH50 greater than or equal to median, was associated with decreased 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.91]), independent of chronic liver disease. One-year survival was improved in patients with AH50 greater than or equal to median (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.59 [95% CI, 0.41-0.87]). Patients with elevated AH50 had increased levels of AP factors B, H, and properdin, and fewer showed a "hyperinflammatory" subphenotype (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.18-0.49]). Increased expression of proximal AP genes was associated with improved survival in two external cohorts. AH50 greater than or equal to median was associated with fewer bloodstream infections (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.45-0.98). Conversely, depletion of AP factors, or AH50 less than median, impaired in vitro serum control of KP that was restored by adding healthy serum. Cfb-/- mice demonstrated increased extrapulmonary dissemination and serum inflammatory markers after intratracheal KP infection compared with wild type.Conclusions: Elevated AP function is associated with improved survival during critical illness, possibly because of enhanced immune capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Bain
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Veterans Health Administration Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rick van der Geest
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sara R. Moore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Tolani F. Olonisakin
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Brian Ahn
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Erin Papke
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kaveh Moghbeli
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rebecca DeSensi
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sarah Rapport
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Melissa Saul
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mei Hulver
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Prabir Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Alison Morris
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
| | - Lina Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Viviana P. Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Linking Complement C3 and B Cells in Nasal Polyposis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:4832189. [PMID: 32724828 PMCID: PMC7366218 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4832189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal polyposis often is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa, disease recurrence after medical or surgical intervention, and asthma comorbidity. Dysregulated complement activation may contribute to immunologic alterations and disease. To date, there is only scattered knowledge on the source and regulation of the central complement factors in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Here, we aim to study complement signatures, especially the C3-C3aR axis, and focus on cellular sources and targets in nasal polyps. Expression of complement factors, including C3, C5, and the anaphylatoxin receptors, was analyzed in nasal polyp tissue samples, the corresponding inferior turbinates, and healthy controls using transcriptomic methods and protein measurements. Distinct patterns of complement expression were found in nasal polyps compared to controls, characterized by an increased C3 activation and an increase in C3aR-bearing cells. In contrast, no difference was shown for epithelial-dependent C3 production. Besides low intracellular C3-expression levels for lymphocytes in general, we could identify an enlarged B lymphocyte population in nasal polyps displaying high amounts of intracellular C3. Our data suggest a prominent role for the C3-C3aR-axis in nasal polyps and, for the first time, describe a B cell population containing high levels of intracellular C3, suggesting a new role of B cells in the maintenance of the inflammation by complement.
Collapse
|
105
|
Agrawal P, Sharma S, Pal P, Ojha H, Mullick J, Sahu A. The imitation game: a viral strategy to subvert the complement system. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2518-2542. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Agrawal
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Samriddhi Sharma
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Pradipta Pal
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Hina Ojha
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Jayati Mullick
- Microbial Containment Complex ICMR‐National Institute of Virology Pune 411021 India
| | - Arvind Sahu
- Complement Biology Laboratory National Centre for Cell Science S. P. Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
West EE, Kunz N, Kemper C. Complement and human T cell metabolism: Location, location, location. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:68-81. [PMID: 32166778 PMCID: PMC7261501 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The complement system represents one of the evolutionary oldest arms of our immune system and is commonly recognized as a liver-derived and serum-active system critical for providing protection against invading pathogens. Recent unexpected findings, however, have defined novel and rather "uncommon" locations and activities of complement. Specifically, the discovery of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-and its key role in the regulation of cell metabolic pathways that underly normal human T cell responses have taught us that there is still much to be discovered about this system. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the emerging functions of the complosome in T cell metabolism. We further place complosome activities among the non-canonical roles of other intracellular innate danger sensing systems and argue that a "location-centric" view of complement evolution could logically justify its close connection with the regulation of basic cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Frid MG, Thurman JM, Hansen KC, Maron BA, Stenmark KR. Inflammation, immunity, and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension; Evidence for complement involvement? Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2020; 2020:e202001. [PMID: 32478115 PMCID: PMC7232865 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2020.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary (arterial) hypertension (PH/PAH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary disorder. Experimental evidence suggests involvement of inflammatory and autoimmune processes in pathogenesis of PH/PAH, however the triggering and disease-promoting mechanisms remain unknown. The complement system is a key arm of innate immunity implicated in various pro-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, yet, surprisingly little is known about the role of complement in PH/PAH pathogenesis. The preponderance of the existing data associates complement with PH/PAH via analysis of plasma and does not study the lung directly. Therefore, we aimed to resolve this by analyzing both the mechanisms of local lung-specific complement activation and the correlation of dysregulated plasma complement to clinical outcome in PAH patients. In our recent studies, reviewed herein, we show, for the first time, that immunoglobulin-driven activation of the complement cascade, specifically its alternative pathway, in the pulmonary perivascular areas, is a key mechanism initiating pro-inflammatory processes in the early stage of experimental hypoxic PH (a form of "sterile inflammation"). In human patients with end-stage PAH, we have demonstrated that perivascular deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and activation of the complement cascade are "longitudinally" persistent in the disease. We also showed, using unbiased network analysis, that plasma complement signaling, including again the Alternative pathway, is a prognostic factor of survival in patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Based on these initial findings, we suggest that vascular-specific, immunoglobulin-driven dysregulated complement signaling triggers and maintains pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH. Future experiments in this area would facilitate discoveries on whether complement signaling can serve both as a biomarker and therapeutic target in PH/PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Frid
- University of Colorado, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | | | - Kirk C. Hansen
- University of Colorado, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
A genome-wide association study identifies key modulators of complement factor H binding to malondialdehyde-epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9942-9951. [PMID: 32321835 PMCID: PMC7211993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913970117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway due to impaired binding of complement factor H (CFH) to self-ligands or altered self-ligands (e.g. malondialdehyde [MDA]-modified molecules) involved in homeostasis can promote the development of complement-related diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We identified, in an unbiased GWAS approach, that common genetic variants within the CFH gene family (rs1061170 and the deletion of the complement factor H-related protein 1 and 3 genes [CFHR3 and CFHR1]) act as major modulators of CFH recruitment and its ability to regulate complement on MDA-epitopes. These findings demonstrate the importance of the genetic status within the CFH/CFHR3/CFHR1 locus in tissue homeostasis and provide a mechanistic explanation as to why deletion of CFHR3/CFHR1 is protective in AMD development. Genetic variants within complement factor H (CFH), a major alternative complement pathway regulator, are associated with the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other complementopathies. This is explained with the reduced binding of CFH or its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) to self-ligands or altered self-ligands (e.g., malondialdehyde [MDA]-modified molecules) involved in homeostasis, thereby causing impaired complement regulation. Considering the critical role of CFH in inhibiting alternative pathway activation on MDA-modified surfaces, we performed an unbiased genome-wide search for genetic variants that modify the ability of plasma CFH to bind MDA in 1,830 individuals and characterized the mechanistic basis and the functional consequences of this. In a cohort of healthy individuals, we identified rs1061170 in CFH and the deletion of CFHR3 and CFHR1 as dominant genetic variants that modify CFH/FHL-1 binding to MDA. We further demonstrated that FHR1 and FHR3 compete with CFH for binding to MDA-epitopes and that FHR1 displays the highest affinity toward MDA-epitopes compared to CFH and FHR3. Moreover, FHR1 bound to MDA-rich areas on necrotic cells and prevented CFH from mediating its cofactor activity on MDA-modified surfaces, resulting in enhanced complement activation. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation as to why the deletion of CFHR3 and CFHR1 is protective in AMD and highlight the importance of genetic variants within the CFH/CFHR3/CFHR1 locus in the recognition of altered-self in tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
|
109
|
Viret C, Rozières A, Duclaux-Loras R, Boschetti G, Nancey S, Faure M. Regulation of anti-microbial autophagy by factors of the complement system. MICROBIAL CELL 2020; 7:93-105. [PMID: 32274388 PMCID: PMC7136756 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.04.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of innate immunity that participates in the defense of the host against a myriad of pathogenic microorganisms. Activation of complement allows for both local inflammatory response and physical elimination of microbes through phagocytosis or lysis. The system is highly efficient and is therefore finely regulated. In addition to these well-established properties, recent works have revealed that components of the complement system can be involved in a variety of other functions including in autophagy, the conserved mechanism that allows for the targeting and degradation of cytosolic materials by the lysosomal pathway after confining them into specialized organelles called autophagosomes. Besides impacting cell death, development or metabolism, the complement factors-autophagy connection can greatly modulate the cell autonomous, anti-microbial activity of autophagy: xenophagy. Both surface receptor-ligand interactions and intracellular interactions are involved in the modulation of the autophagic response to intracellular microbes by complement factors. Here, we review works that relate to the recently discovered connections between factors of the complement system and the functioning of autophagy in the context of host-pathogen relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Autophagy Infection Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Rozières
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Autophagy Infection Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Autophagy Infection Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Autophagy Infection Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Nancey
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Autophagy Infection Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Autophagy Infection Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Bilibio JP, Gama TB, Nascimento ICM, Meireles AJC, Aguiar ASC, Nascimento FC, Lorenzzoni PL. Causes of recurrent miscarriage after spontaneous pregnancy and after in vitro fertilization. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 83:e13226. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- João Paolo Bilibio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
- Clinica de Reprodução Assistida Pronatus Belém Pará Brazil
- Post doctoral Program of the Programa de Pós Graduação de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Su Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Thiago Belém Gama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Magalhães Nascimento
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Arivaldo José Conceição Meireles
- Clinica de Reprodução Assistida Pronatus Belém Pará Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Ariene Simona Cohen Aguiar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
- Programa de Residência Médica em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hospital Bettina Ferro de Souza Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Fábio Costa Nascimento
- Clinica de Reprodução Assistida Pronatus Belém Pará Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Pânila Longhi Lorenzzoni
- Clinica de Reprodução Assistida Pronatus Belém Pará Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa Bilibio Universidade Federal do Pará Belém Pará Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Magdalon J, Mansur F, Teles E Silva AL, de Goes VA, Reiner O, Sertié AL. Complement System in Brain Architecture and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:23. [PMID: 32116493 PMCID: PMC7015047 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that certain immune molecules such as components of the complement system are directly involved in neurobiological processes related to brain development, including neurogenesis, neuronal migration, synaptic remodeling, and response to prenatal or early postnatal brain insults. Consequently, complement system dysfunction has been increasingly implicated in disorders of neurodevelopmental origin, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Rett syndrome. However, the mechanistic evidence for a causal relationship between impaired complement regulation and these disorders varies depending on the disease involved. Also, it is still unclear to what extent altered complement expression plays a role in these disorders through inflammation-independent or -dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, pathogenic mutations in specific complement components have been implicated in the etiology of 3MC syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder. The aims of this review are to discuss the current knowledge on the roles of the complement system in sculpting brain architecture and function during normal development as well as after specific inflammatory insults, such as maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy, and to evaluate the existing evidence associating aberrant complement with developmental brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Magdalon
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mansur
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Teles E Silva
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Abreu de Goes
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andréa Laurato Sertié
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Pham MH, Haugen HJ, Reseland JE. Fluoride Modification of Titanium Surfaces Enhance Complement Activation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E684. [PMID: 32028745 PMCID: PMC7040644 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immediately after dental implant insertion, blood will be in direct contact and interact with the implant surface and activates inflammatory responses and complement cascades within seconds. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of fluoride-modified titanium surfaces to activate complement cascades using the human buffy coat as model. The buffy coats were exposed to hydrofluoric acid-modified surfaces for a short time and its responses were compared to controls. Identification and quantification of complement cascade biomarkers were conducted using ELISA kits and multianalyte profiling using Luminex. A lower level of C3 at 30 min and increased levels of C4, MIP-4, CRP, and pigment epithelium-derived factor at 360 min were found on modified surfaces as compared to controls. We found no significant differences in the levels of C3a, C5a, C Factor H, α2M, ApoA1, ApoC3, ApoE, Prealbumin, α1AT, and SAP in modified surfaces in the buffy coats. We conclude that titanium surfaces treated with hydrofluoric acid modify the levels of specific biomarkers related to the complement cascade and angiogenesis and, thus, tissue growth, remodeling and repair, as this may play a role in the enhanced clinical performance of fluoride-modified Ti dental implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janne E. Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Su JB, Wu YY, Xu F, Wang X, Cai HL, Zhao LH, Zhang XL, Chen T, Huang HY, Wang XQ. Serum complement C3 and islet β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 4.6-year prospective follow-up study. Endocrine 2020; 67:321-330. [PMID: 31786774 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum complement C3 has been shown to contribute to the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but how serum complement C3 affects islet β-cell function throughout the course of T2D is unclear. This study explored whether serum complement C3 is independently associated with changes in islet β-cell function over time in patients with T2D. METHODS Serum complement C3 was measured, and endogenous β-cell function was evaluated by area under the C-peptide curve (AUCcp) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 411 patients with T2D at baseline from 2011 to 2015. Next, 347 of those patients with available data were pooled for a final follow-up analysis from 2014 to 2018. Changes in islet β-cell function at follow-up were evaluated by AUCcp percentage changes (ΔAUCcp%). In addition, other possible clinical risks for diabetes were also examined. RESULTS The 347 patients included in the analysis had a diabetes duration of 4.84 ± 3.63 years at baseline. Baseline serum complement C3 (baseline C3) levels were positively correlated with baseline natural logarithm of AUCcp (lnAUCcp) (n = 347, r = 0.288, p < 0.001), and baseline C3 was independently associated with baseline lnAUCcp (β = 0.17, t = 3.52, p < 0.001) after adjustment for baseline glycemic status and other clinical confounders by multivariate liner regression analysis. Compared with the baseline values, complement C3 changes (ΔC3) and ΔAUCcp% was -0.15 ± 0.28 mg/ml and -17.2 ± 18.4%, respectively, at a follow-up visit 4.57 ± 0.78 years later. Moreover, ΔC3 was positively correlated with ΔAUCcp% (n = 347, r = 0.302, p < 0.001). Furthermore, each 0.1 mg/ml increase in ΔC3 was associated with a higher ΔAUCcp% (1.41% [95% CI, 0.82-2.00%]) after adjusting for changes in glycemic status and other clinical confounders at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In addition to serum complement C3 being independently associated with islet β-cell function at baseline, its changes were also independently associated with changes in islet β-cell function over time in patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yun-Yu Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, No. 19, Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hong-Li Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Haierxiang Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6, Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Lee JD, Coulthard LG, Woodruff TM. Complement dysregulation in the central nervous system during development and disease. Semin Immunol 2019; 45:101340. [PMID: 31708347 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade is an important arm of the immune system that plays a key role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from infection. Recently, it has also become clear that complement proteins have fundamental roles in the developing and aging CNS that are distinct from their roles in immunity. During neurodevelopment, complement signalling is involved in diverse processes including neural tube closure, neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation, neuronal migration, and synaptic pruning. In acute neurotrauma and ischamic brain injury, complement drives inflammation and neuronal death, but also neuroprotection and regeneration. In diseases of the aging CNS including dementias and motor neuron disease, chronic complement activation is associated with glial activation, and synapse and neuron loss. Proper regulation of complement is thus essential to allow for an appropriately developed CNS and prevention of excessive damage following neurotrauma or during neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence for functional roles of complement in brain formation, and its dysregulation during acute and chronic disease. We also provide working models for how complement can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism, and either protect, or propagate neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Kumar V. Sepsis roadmap: What we know, what we learned, and where we are going. Clin Immunol 2019; 210:108264. [PMID: 31655168 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition originating as a result of systemic blood infection causing, one or more organ damage due to the dysregulation of the immune response. In 2017, the world health organization (WHO) declared sepsis as a disease of global health priority, needing special attention due to its high prevalence and mortality around the world. Most of the therapeutics targeting sepsis have failed in the clinics. The present review highlights the history of the sepsis, its immunopathogenesis, and lessons learned after the failure of previously used immune-based therapies. The subsequent section, where to go describes in details the importance of the complement system (CS), autophagy, inflammasomes, and microbiota along with their targeting to manage sepsis. These systems are interconnected to each other, thus targeting one may affect the other. We are in an urgent need for a multi-targeting therapeutic approach for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Reichhardt MP, Lundin K, Lokki AI, Recher G, Vuoristo S, Katayama S, Tapanainen JS, Kere J, Meri S, Tuuri T. Complement in Human Pre-implantation Embryos: Attack and Defense. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2234. [PMID: 31620138 PMCID: PMC6759579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential for early human life that mucosal immunological responses to developing embryos are tightly regulated. An imbalance of the complement system is a common feature of pregnancy complications. We hereby present the first full analysis of the expression and deposition of complement molecules in human pre-implantation embryos. Thus, far, immunological imbalance has been considered in stages of pregnancy following implantation. We here show that complement activation against developing human embryos takes place already at the pre-implantation stage. Using confocal microscopy, we observed deposition of activation products on healthy developing embryos, which highlights the need for strict complement regulation. We show that embryos express complement membrane inhibitors and bind soluble regulators. These findings show that mucosal complement targets human embryos, and indicate potential adverse pregnancy outcomes, if regulation of activation fails. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed cellular expression of complement activators. This shows that the embryonic cells themselves have the capacity to express and activate C3 and C5. The specific local embryonic expression of complement components, regulators, and deposition of activation products on the surface of embryos suggests that complement has immunoregulatory functions and furthermore may impact cellular homeostasis and differentiation at the earliest stages of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Reichhardt
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karolina Lundin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Inkeri Lokki
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gaëlle Recher
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Sanna Vuoristo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Van Avondt K, Nur E, Zeerleder S. Mechanisms of haemolysis-induced kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:671-692. [PMID: 31455889 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular haemolysis is a fundamental feature of chronic hereditary and acquired haemolytic anaemias, including those associated with haemoglobinopathies, complement disorders and infectious diseases such as malaria. Destabilization of red blood cells (RBCs) within the vasculature results in systemic inflammation, vasomotor dysfunction, thrombophilia and proliferative vasculopathy. The haemoprotein scavengers haptoglobin and haemopexin act to limit circulating levels of free haemoglobin, haem and iron - potentially toxic species that are released from injured RBCs. However, these adaptive defence systems can fail owing to ongoing intravascular disintegration of RBCs. Induction of the haem-degrading enzyme haem oxygenase 1 (HO1) - and potentially HO2 - represents a response to, and endogenous defence against, large amounts of cellular haem; however, this system can also become saturated. A frequent adverse consequence of massive and/or chronic haemolysis is kidney injury, which contributes to the morbidity and mortality of chronic haemolytic diseases. Intravascular destruction of RBCs and the resulting accumulation of haemoproteins can induce kidney injury via a number of mechanisms, including oxidative stress and cytotoxicity pathways, through the formation of intratubular casts and through direct as well as indirect proinflammatory effects, the latter via the activation of neutrophils and monocytes. Understanding of the detailed pathophysiology of haemolysis-induced kidney injury offers opportunities for the design and implementation of new therapeutic strategies to counteract the unfavourable and potentially fatal effects of haemolysis on the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Avondt
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Erfan Nur
- Department of Haematology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Haematology and Central Haematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Zelek WM, Xie L, Morgan BP, Harris CL. Compendium of current complement therapeutics. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:341-352. [PMID: 31446305 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is well known for its role in innate immunity and in maintenance of tissue homeostasis, providing a first line of defence against infection and playing a key role in flagging apoptotic cells and debris for disposal. Unfortunately, complement also contributes to pathogenesis of many diseases, in some cases driving pathology, and in others amplifying or exacerbating the inflammatory and damaging impact of non-complement disease triggers. The driving role of complement in a single disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), provoked the development and eventual FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) approval of eculizumab (Soliris™), an anti-C5 antibody, for therapy. Although PNH is very rare, eculizumab provided clinical validation and demonstrated that inhibiting the complement system was not only well-tolerated, but also provided rapid therapy and saved lives. This clinical validation, together with advances in genetic analyses that demonstrated strong associations between complement and common diseases, drove new drug discovery programmes in both academic laboratories and large pharmaceutical companies. Numerous drugs have entered clinical development and several are in phase 3 trials; however, many have fallen by the wayside. Despite this high attrition rate, crucial lessons have been learnt and hurdles to development have become clear. These insights have driven development of next generation anti-complement drugs designed to avoid pitfalls and facilitate patient access. In this article, we do not set out to provide a text-heavy review of complement therapeutics but instead will simply highlight the targets, modalities and current status of the plethora of drugs approved or in clinical development. With such a fast-moving drug development landscape, such a compendium will inevitably become out-dated; however, we provide a snapshot of the current field and illustrate the increased choice that clinicians might enjoy in the future in selecting the best drug for their application, decisions based not only on efficacy but also cost, mechanistic target, modality and route of delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta M Zelek
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Long Xie
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Claire L Harris
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Building 26, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Regal JF, Lund JM, Wing CR, Root KM, McCutcheon L, Bemis LT, Gilbert JS, Fleming SD. Interactions between the complement and endothelin systems in normal pregnancy and following placental ischemia. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:10-18. [PMID: 31326653 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is characterized by new onset hypertension and fetal growth restriction and is associated with aberrant activation of the innate immune complement system and stressed or ischemic placenta. Previous studies have suggested a role for both endothelin and complement system activation products in new onset hypertension in pregnancy, but inter-relationships of the pathways are unclear. We hypothesized that complement activation following placental ischemia stimulates the endothelin pathway to cause hypertension and impair fetal growth. The Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) model results in hypertension and fetal growth restriction in a pregnant rat due to placental ischemia caused by mechanical obstruction of blood flow to uterus and placenta. The effect of inhibitor of complement activation soluble Complement Receptor 1 (sCR1) and endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonist atrasentan on hypertension, fetal weight, complement activation (systemic circulating C3a and local C3 placental deposition) and endothelin [circulating endothelin and message for preproendothelin (PPE), ETA and endothelin B receptor (ETB) in placenta] in the RUPP rat model were determined. Following placental ischemia, sCR1 attenuated hypertension but increased message for PPE and ETA in placenta, suggesting complement activation causes hypertension via an endothelin independent pathway. With ETA antagonism the placental ischemia-induced increase in circulating C3a was unaffected despite inhibition of hypertension, indicating systemic C3a alone is not sufficient. In normal pregnancy, inhibiting complement activation increased plasma endothelin but not placental PPE message. Atrasentan treatment increased fetal weight, circulating endothelin and placental ETA message, and unexpectedly increased local complement activation in placenta (C3 deposition) but not C3a in circulation, suggesting endothelin controls local placental complement activation in normal pregnancy. Atrasentan also significantly decreased message for endogenous complement regulators Crry and CD55 in placenta and kidney in normal pregnancy. Results of our study indicate that complement/endothelin interactions differ in pregnancies complicated with placental ischemia vs normal pregnancy, as well as locally vs systemically. These data clearly illustrate the complex interplay between complement and endothelin indicating that perturbations of either pathway may affect pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Jenna M Lund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Cameron R Wing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Kate M Root
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Luke McCutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Lynne T Bemis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1035 University Dr., University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, 55812, USA.
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, 18 Ackert, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Rd, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Complement C3 Inhibitor Pegcetacoplan for Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial. Ophthalmology 2019; 127:186-195. [PMID: 31474439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Geographic atrophy (GA), a late stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a major cause of blindness. Even while central visual acuity remains relatively well preserved, GA often causes considerable compromise of visual function and quality of life. No treatment currently exists. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of pegcetacoplan, a complement C3 inhibitor, for treatment of GA. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled phase 2 study. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred forty-six patients with GA. METHODS Patients with GA were assigned randomly in a 2:2:1:1 ratio to receive intravitreal injections of 15 mg pegcetacoplan monthly or every other month (EOM) or sham intravitreal injections monthly or EOM for 12 months with follow-up at months 15 and 18. Area and growth of GA were measured using fundus autofluorescence imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary efficacy end point was mean change in square root GA lesion area from baseline to month 12. Secondary outcome measures included mean change from baseline in GA lesion area without the square root transformation, distance of GA lesion from the fovea, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low-luminance BCVA, and low-luminance visual acuity deficit. The primary safety end point was the number and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events. RESULTS In patients receiving pegcetacoplan monthly or EOM, the GA growth rate was reduced by 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9-49; P = 0.008) and 20% (95% CI, 0-40; P = 0.067) compared with the sham treatment group. Post hoc analysis showed that the effect was greater in the second 6 months of treatment, with observed reductions of 45% (P = 0.0004) and 33% (P = 0.009) for pegcetacoplan monthly and EOM, respectively. Two cases of culture-positive endophthalmitis and 1 case of culture-negative endophthalmitis occurred in the pegcetacoplan monthly group. New-onset investigator-determined exudative AMD was reported more frequently in pegcetacoplan-treated eyes (18/86 eyes [20.9%] and 7/79 eyes [8.9%] in monthly and EOM groups, respectively) than in sham-treated eyes (1/81 eyes [1.2%]). CONCLUSIONS Local C3 inhibition with pegcetacoplan resulted in statistically significant reductions in the growth of GA compared with sham treatment. Phase 3 studies will define the efficacy and safety profile further.
Collapse
|
122
|
Parker SE, Hanton AM, Stefanou SN, Noakes PG, Woodruff TM, Lee JD. Revisiting the role of the innate immune complement system in ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
123
|
Zhou H, Hara H, Cooper DK. The complex functioning of the complement system in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12517. [PMID: 31033064 PMCID: PMC6717021 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of complement in xenotransplantation is well-known and is a topic that has been reviewed previously. However, our understanding of the immense complexity of its interaction with other constituents of the innate immune response and of the coagulation, adaptive immune, and inflammatory responses to a xenograft is steadily increasing. In addition, the complement system plays a function in metabolism and homeostasis. New reviews at intervals are therefore clearly warranted. The pathways of complement activation, the function of the complement system, and the interaction between complement and coagulation, inflammation, and the adaptive immune system in relation to xenotransplantation are reviewed. Through several different mechanisms, complement activation is a major factor in contributing to xenograft failure. In the organ-source pig, the detrimental influence of the complement system is seen during organ harvest and preservation, for example, in ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the recipient, the effect of complement can be seen through its interaction with the immune, coagulation, and inflammatory responses. Genetic-engineering and other therapeutic methods by which the xenograft can be protected from the effects of complement activation are discussed. The review provides an updated source of reference to this increasingly complex subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K.C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Sabherwal S, Föcking M, English JA, Fitzsimons S, Hryniewiecka M, Wynne K, Scaife C, Healy C, Cannon M, Belton O, Zammit S, Cagney G, Cotter DR. ApoE elevation is associated with the persistence of psychotic experiences from age 12 to age 18: Evidence from the ALSPAC birth cohort. Schizophr Res 2019; 209:141-147. [PMID: 31080155 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins, which play important roles in lipid metabolism, innate immunity and synaptic signalling, have been implicated in first episode psychosis and schizophrenia. This is the first study to investigate plasma apolipoprotein expression in children with psychotic experiences that persist into adulthood. Here, using semi-targeted proteomic analysis we compared plasma apolipoprotein expression levels in age 12 subjects who reported psychotic experiences at both age 12 and age 18 (n = 37) with age-matched subjects who only experienced psychotic experiences (PEs) at age 12 (n = 38). Participants were recruited from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort who participated in psychiatric assessment interviews at ages 12 and 18. We identified apoE, a protein with significant regulatory activity on cholesterol metabolism in the brain, to be significantly up regulated (p < 0.003) in those with persistent psychotic experiences. We confirmed this finding in these samples using ELISA. Our findings indicate elevated plasma apoE in age 12 children who experience PEs is associated with persistence psychotic experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sabherwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Fitzsimons
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Hryniewiecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Scaife
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orina Belton
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stanley Zammit
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gerard Cagney
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Yohannes E, Kazanjian AA, Lindsay ME, Fujii DT, Ieronimakis N, Chow GE, Beesley RD, Heitmann RJ, Burney RO. The human tubal lavage proteome reveals biological processes that may govern the pathology of hydrosalpinx. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8980. [PMID: 31222072 PMCID: PMC6586608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrosalpinx, the blockage of fallopian tubes, can result from pelvic inflammatory disease. Hydrosalpinx is a cause of infertility and negatively impacts in vitro fertilization. To better understand the pathobiology of hydrosalpinx, we compared the proteome of lavages from disease vs. healthy fallopian tubes. Results indicate a disruption of redox homeostasis and activation of the complement system, immune cell infiltration, and phagocytosis; pathways that may drive tubal injury. To our surprise among the most prominent proteins with hydrosalpinx was mesothelin (MSLN), which until now has only been associated with epithelial malignancies. Analogous to mesothelioma and ovarian carcinoma, a significant increase of MSLN was detected in plasma from patients with hydrosalpinx. This finding suggests MSLN may provide clinical diagnosis in lieu of the current approaches that require invasive imaging. Importantly, these findings implicate MSLN in a benign disease, indicating that the activation and role of MSLN is not restricted to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yohannes
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Division of Graduate Medical Education, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA.
| | - Avedis A Kazanjian
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Division of Graduate Medical Education, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Morgan E Lindsay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Dennis T Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Nicholas Ieronimakis
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Division of Graduate Medical Education, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Gregory E Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Ronald D Beesley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Ryan J Heitmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| | - Richard O Burney
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Division of Graduate Medical Education, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA, 98431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Luchini LSG, Pidde G, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Tambourgi DV. Complement System Inhibition Modulates the Pro-Inflammatory Effects of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1137. [PMID: 31231362 PMCID: PMC6558526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by Bothrops snakes causes prominent local effects, including pain, oedema, local bleeding, blistering and necrosis, and systemic manifestations, such as hemorrhage, hypotension, shock and acute renal failure. These snake venoms are able to activate the complement system and induce the generation of anaphylatoxins, whose mechanisms include the direct cleavage of complement components by snake venom metalloproteinases and serine proteinases present in the venoms. A metalloproteinase able to activate the three complement pathways and generate active anaphylatoxins, named C-SVMP, was purified from the venom of Bothrops pirajai. Considering the inflammatory nature of Bothrops venoms and the complement-activation property of C-SVMP, in the present work, we investigated the inflammatory effects of C-SVMP in a human whole blood model. The role of the complement system in the inflammatory process and its modulation by the use of compstatin were also investigated. C-SVMP was able to activate the complement system in the whole blood model, generating C3a/C3a desArg, C5a/C5a desArg and SC5b-9. This protein was able to promote an increase in the expression of CD11b, CD14, C3aR, C5aR1, TLR2, and TLR4 markers in leukocytes. Inhibition of component C3 by compstatin significantly reduced the production of anaphylatoxins and the Terminal Complement Complex (TCC) in blood plasma treated with the toxin, as well as the expression of CD11b, C3aR, and C5aR on leukocytes. C-SVMP was able to induce increased production of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and the chemokines CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, and CXCL9/MIG in the human whole blood model. The addition of compstatin to the reactions caused a significant reduction in the production of IL-1β, CXCL8/IL-8, and CCL2/MCP-1 in cells treated with C-SVMP. We therefore conclude that C-SVMP is able to activate the complement system, which leads to an increase in the inflammatory process. The data obtained with the use of compstatin indicate that complement inhibition may significantly control the inflammatory process initiated by Bothrops snake venom toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Kumar V. The complement system, toll-like receptors and inflammasomes in host defense: three musketeers’ one target. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:131-156. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1609962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children’s Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Geiger SS, Curtis AM, O'Neill LAJ, Siegel RM. Daily variation in macrophage phagocytosis is clock-independent and dispensable for cytokine production. Immunology 2019; 157:122-136. [PMID: 30773630 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses vary in a circadian manner, and more recent investigations aim to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytokine production varies significantly over the course of a day depending on the time of stimulation by pathogens or Toll-like receptor ligands, and multiple signaling pathways linked to the cell-autonomous circadian clock modulate innate immunity. Recognition of foreign material, especially by innate immune cells, engages a myriad of receptors, which trigger inflammatory responses, as well as endocytosis and degradation and/or processing for antigen presentation. Because of the close connection between particle engulfment and inflammation, it has been proposed that phagocytic uptake may drive cytokine production in phagocytes. Here we show that bacterial particle ingestion by mouse peritoneal macrophages displays temporal variation, but is independent of the cell-intrinsic circadian clock in an ex vivo setting. Although cytokine production is dependent on phagocytosis, uptake capacity across 12 hr does not translate into 24-hr rhythms in cytokine production. In vivo, time-of-day variations in phagocytic capacity are not found, whereas a time of day and clock-dependent cytokine response is maintained. These data show that efficiency of bacterial phagocytosis and the 24-hr rhythmicity of cytokine production by macrophages are independent of one another and should be studied separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Immune Clock Laboratory, Tissue and Engineering Regenerative Group and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Ilinskaya AN, Shah A, Enciso AE, Chan KC, Kaczmarczyk JA, Blonder J, Simanek EE, Dobrovolskaia MA. Nanoparticle physicochemical properties determine the activation of intracellular complement. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:266-275. [PMID: 30794962 PMCID: PMC6520145 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity. The traditional understanding of this system comes from studies investigating complement proteins produced by the liver and present in plasma to "complement" the immune cell-mediated response to invading pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that immune cells including, but not limited to, T-cells and monocytes, express complement proteins. This complement is referred to as intracellular (IC) and implicated in the regulation of T-cell activation. The mechanisms and the structure-activity relationship between nanomaterials and IC, however, are currently unknown. Herein, we describe a structure-activity relationship study demonstrating that under in vitro conditions, only polymeric materials with cationic surfaces activate IC in T-cells. The effect also depends on particle size and occurs through a mechanism involving membrane damage, thereby IC on the cell surface serves as a self-opsonization marker in response to the nanoparticle-triggered danger affecting the cell integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Ankit Shah
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - King C Chan
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Jan A Kaczmarczyk
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Josip Blonder
- Antibody Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Guéguinou N, Jeandel J, Kaminski S, Baatout S, Ghislin S, Frippiat JP. Modulation of Iberian Ribbed Newt Complement Component C3 by Stressors Similar to those Encountered during a Stay Onboard the International Space Station. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071579. [PMID: 30934839 PMCID: PMC6479312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, as well as homeostasis. Despite these functions, the effects of spaceflight conditions on the complement system have not yet been intensively studied. Consequently, we investigated the effects of five types of chronic stressors, similar to those encountered during a stay onboard the International Space Station, on C3 expression in larvae of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. We focused on C3 because it is a critical component of this system. These studies were completed by the analysis of adult mice exposed to two models of inflight stressors. Our data show that simulating space radiation, or combining a modification of the circadian rhythm with simulated microgravity, affects the amount of C3 proteins. These results suggest that C3 expression could be modified under real spaceflight conditions, potentially increasing the risk of inflammation and associated tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Guéguinou
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jérémy Jeandel
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sandra Kaminski
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK·CEN, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Stéphanie Ghislin
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Laboratory, EA 7300, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Yin C, Ackermann S, Ma Z, Mohanta SK, Zhang C, Li Y, Nietzsche S, Westermann M, Peng L, Hu D, Bontha SV, Srikakulapu P, Beer M, Megens RTA, Steffens S, Hildner M, Halder LD, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J, Herms J, Roeber S, Arzberger T, Borodovsky A, Habenicht L, Binder CJ, Weber C, Zipfel PF, Skerka C, Habenicht AJR. ApoE attenuates unresolvable inflammation by complex formation with activated C1q. Nat Med 2019; 25:496-506. [PMID: 30692699 PMCID: PMC6420126 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ApoE has been implicated in Alzheimer´s disease, atherosclerosis,
and other unresolvable inflammatory conditions but a common mechanism of action
remains elusive. We found in ApoE-deficient mice that oxidized lipids activated
the classical complement cascade (CCC) resulting in leukocyte infiltration of
the choroid plexus (ChP). All human ApoE isoforms attenuated CCC activity via
high-affinity binding to the activated CCC-initiating C1q protein
(KD~140-580 pM) in vitro; and C1q-ApoE
complexes emerged as markers for ongoing complement activity of diseased ChPs,
Aβ plaques, and atherosclerosis in vivo. C1q-ApoE
complexes in human ChPs, Aβ plaques, and arteries correlated with
cognitive decline and atherosclerosis, respectively. Treatment with siRNA
against C5 which is formed by all complement pathways, attenuated murine ChP
inflammation, Aβ-associated microglia accumulation, and atherosclerosis.
Thus, ApoE is a direct checkpoint inhibitor of unresolvable inflammation and
reducing C5 attenuates disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Ackermann
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhe Ma
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo K Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chuankai Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael Beer
- Department of Information Technology, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Hildner
- Institute for Anatomy II, University Clinic Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Luke D Halder
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Livia Habenicht
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna and Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F Zipfel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.,Friedrich-Schiller-University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Skerka
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas J R Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Abstract
The classical complement system is engrained in the mind of scientists and clinicians as a blood-operative key arm of innate immunity, critically required for the protection against invading pathogens. Recent work, however, has defined a novel and unexpected role for an intracellular complement system-the complosome-in the regulation of key metabolic events that underlie peripheral human T cell survival as well as the induction and cessation of their effector functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the emerging vital role of the complosome in T cell metabolism and discusses how viewing the evolution of the complement system from an "unconventional" vantage point could logically account for the development of its metabolic activities.
Collapse
|
133
|
Hansen CB, Willer A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Kemper C, Garred P. Expression of complement C3, C5, C3aR and C5aR1 genes in resting and activated CD4 + T cells. Immunobiology 2018; 224:307-315. [PMID: 30612786 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation is traditionally thought to occur in the extracellular space. However, it has been suggested that complement proteins are activated and function at additional locations. T cells contain intracellular stores of C3 and C5 that can be cleaved into C3a and C5a and bind to intracellular receptors, which have been shown to be of vital importance for the differentiation and function of these cells. However, whether the origin of the complement proteins located within T cells is derived from endogenous produced complement or from an uptake dependent mechanism is unknown. The presence of intracellular C3 in T cells from normal donors was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of several genes encoding for complement proteins with primary focus on C3, C3aR, C5 and C5aR1 during resting state and upon activation of CD4+ T cells were investigated by a quantitative PCR technique. Furthermore, the gene expression level was evaluated at different time points. We confirmed the presence of intracellular C3 protein in normal T-cells. However, we could not see any increase in mRNA levels using any activation strategy tested. On the contrary, we observed a slight increase in C3 and C5aR1 mRNA only in the non-activated T-cells compared to the activated T cells, and a decrease in the activated T-cells at different incubation time points. Our results show that there is a baseline intracellular expression of the complement C3, C5, C3aR and C5aR1 genes in normal CD4+ T cells, but that expression is not increased during T-cell activation, but rather down regulated. Thus, the pool of intracellular complement in CD4+ T cells may either be due to accumulated complement due low-grade expression or arise from the circulation from an uptake dependent mechanism, but these possibilities are not mutually exclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton Willer
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology Section 7631, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Gurung S, Williams S, Deane JA, Werkmeister JA, Gargett CE. The Transcriptome of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under TGFβR Inhibition Reveals Improved Potential for Cell-Based Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:164. [PMID: 30564575 PMCID: PMC6288489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with favorable properties for cell therapies and regenerative medicine. Human endometrium harbors a small population of perivascular, clonogenic MSCs (eMSCs) identified by the SUSD2 marker. As for other MSCs, eMSCs require extensive in vitro expansion to generate clinically relevant numbers of cells, resulting in spontaneous differentiation, replicative senescence and cell death, decreasing therapeutic potency. We previously demonstrated that A83-01, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, maintained eMSC clonogenicity, promoted proliferation, prevented apoptosis and maintained MSC function in vitro. Here we compare the transcriptome of passaged eMSCs from six women cultured with and without A83-01 for 7 days. We identified 1206 differentially expressed genes (DEG) using a false discovery rate cut-off at 0.01 and fold change >2. Significant enrichment of genes involved in anti-inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, and collagen fibril and extracellular matrix organization were revealed. TGF-β, Wnt and Akt signaling pathways were decreased. Anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic genes were induced, and fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast related genes were downregulated. We found increased MSC potency genes (TWIST1, TWIST2, JAG1, LIFR, and SLIT2) validating the enhanced potency of A83-01-treated eMSCs, and importantly no pluripotency gene expression. We also identified eMSCs’ potential for secreting exosomes, possibly explaining their paracrine properties. Angiogenic and cytokine protein arrays confirmed the angiogenic, anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory phenotype of A83-01-treated eMSCs, and increased angiogenic activity was functionally demonstrated in vitro. eMSCs culture expanded with A83-01 have enhanced clinically relevant properties, suggesting their potential for cell-therapies and regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Williams
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerome A Werkmeister
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD20892, USA; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562Lübeck, Germany; School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, King's College London, LondonSE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Guo DB, Zhu XQ, Li QQ, Liu GMY, Ruan GP, Pang RQ, Chen YH, Wang Q, Wang JX, Liu JF, Chen Q, Pan XH. Efficacy and mechanisms underlying the effects of allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on acute radiation injury in tree shrews. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1447-1468. [PMID: 30066056 PMCID: PMC6214845 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) exert strong immunomodulatory effects and can repair organs. However, their roles in radiation injury remain unclear. We show that in tree shrews with acute radiation injury, injected UC-MSCs significantly improved survival rates, reduced lung inflammation and apoptosis, prevented pulmonary fibrotic processes, recovered hematopoiesis, and increased blood counts. A protein microarray analysis showed that serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and the growth factors BMP-5, BMP-7, HGF, insulin, NT-4, VEGFR3, and SCF were significantly higher, while those of the inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TIMP-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1ra, and IL-8 and the fibrosis-related factors PDGF-BB, PDGF-AA, TGF-β1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-4 were significantly lower in UC-MSC-injected animals. A transcriptome analysis of PBMCs showed that the mRNA expression of C1q was upregulated, while that of HLA-DP was downregulated after UC-MSC injection. These results confirm the immunohistochemistry results. eGFP-labeled UC-MSCs were traced in vivo and found in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus, small intestine and bone marrow. Our findings suggest that UC-MSC transplantation may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating acute radiation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Bin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Gao-Mi-Yang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guang-Ping Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rong-Qing Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ju-Fen Liu
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xing-Hua Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital, Army Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
- Cell Biological Therapy Center of Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Katayama H. Development of psoriasis by continuous neutrophil infiltration into the epidermis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1084-1091. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
138
|
Mohlin FC, Gros P, Mercier E, Gris JCR, Blom AM. Analysis of C3 Gene Variants in Patients With Idiopathic Recurrent Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1813. [PMID: 30131807 PMCID: PMC6090058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy. Approximately 1% of couples trying to conceive will experience recurrent miscarriages, defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses and many of these cases remain idiopathic. Complement is implicated both in the physiology and pathology of pregnancy. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations in the C3 gene could potentially predispose to this disorder. We performed full Sanger sequencing of all exons of C3, in 192 childless women, with at least two miscarriages and without any known risk factors. All exons carrying non-synonymous alterations found in the patients were then sequenced in a control group of 192 women. None of the identified alterations were significantly associated with the disorder. Thirteen identified non-synonymous alterations (R102G, K155Q, L302P, P314L, Y325H, V326A, S327P, V330I, K633R, R735W, R1591G, G1606D, and S1619R) were expressed recombinantly, upon which C3 expression and secretion were determined. The L302P and S327P were not secreted from the cells, likely due to misfolding and intracellular degradation. Y325H, V326A, V3301I, R1591G, and G1606D yielded approximately half C3 concentration in the cell media compared with wild type (WT). We analyzed the hemolytic activity of the secreted C3 variants by reconstituting C3-depleted serum. In this assay, R1591G had impaired hemolytic activity while majority of remaining mutants instead had increased activity. R1591G also yielded more factor B activation in solution compared with WT. R1591G and G1606D showed impaired degradation by factor I, irrespectively if factor H, CD46, or C4b-binding protein were used as cofactors. These two C3 mutants showed impaired binding of the cofactors and/or factor I. Taken together, several alterations in C3 were identified and some of these affected the secretion and/or the function of the protein, which might contribute to the disorder but the degree of association must be evaluated in larger cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frida C. Mohlin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Mercier
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | | | - Anna M. Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Zhang C, Yu Y, Yu JF, Li BD, Zhou CF, Yang XD, Wang X, Wu C, Shen T, Zhu QX. Viral mimic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid potentiates liver injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice - Viral-chemical interaction as a novel mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 155:101-108. [PMID: 29510304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Occupational trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure can induce hypersensitivity dermatitis and severe liver injury. Recently, several clinical investigations indicate that viral infection, such as human herpesvirus-6, is associated with hepatic dysfunction in patients with TCE-related generalized skin disorders. However, whether viral infection potentiates TCE-induced liver injury remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the contribution of viral infection to the development of TCE-sensitization-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four groups: solvent control group (n = 20), TCE group (n = 80), poly(I:C) group (n = 20) and combination of TCE and poly(I:C) (poly(I:C)+TCE) group (n = 80). Poly(I:C) (50 μg) was i.p. administrated. TCE and poly(I:C)+TCE groups were further divided into sensitization and non-sensitization subgroup. Complement 3 and C3a protein levels, and complement factors were measured. Combination treatment significantly enhanced TCE-induced liver injury, decreased complement 3, but increased C3a in serum and liver tissues in sensitization group. These changes were not correlated with the hepatic complement 3 transcription. Moreover, combination treatment specifically promoted complement factor B, but not factor D and factor H expressions. These data provide first evidence that poly(I:C) potentiates liver injury in BALB/c mouse model of TCE-sensitization. Upregulated C3a and factor B contributes to the poly(I:C) action in TCE-induced liver injury. This new mode of action may explain increased risk of chemical-sensitization induced tissue damage by viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 118 Henan Road, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bo-Dong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Fan Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Tong Shen
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Zhang L, Sorensen MD, Kristensen BW, Reifenberger G, McIntyre TM, Lin F. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate Is an Intercellular Mediator in IDH-Mutant Gliomas Inhibiting Complement and T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5381-5391. [PMID: 30006485 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Somatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 and -2 genes are remarkably penetrant in diffuse gliomas. These highly effective gain-of-function mutations enable mutant IDH to efficiently metabolize isocitrate to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D 2-HG) that accumulates to high concentrations within the tumor microenvironment. D 2-HG is an intracellular effector that promotes tumor growth through widespread epigenetic changes in IDH-mutant tumor cells, but its potential role as an intercellular immune regulator remains understudied.Experimental Design: Complement activation and CD4+, CD8+, or FOXP3+ T-cell infiltration into primary tumor tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry using sections from 72 gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III and IV with or without IDH mutations. Ex vivo experiments with D 2-HG identified immune inhibitory mechanisms.Results: IDH mutation associated with significantly reduced complement activation and decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with comparable FOXP3+/CD4+ ratios. D 2-HG potently inhibited activation of complement by the classical and alternative pathways, attenuated complement-mediated glioma cell damage, decreased cellular C3b(iC3b) opsonization, and impaired complement-mediated phagocytosis. Although D 2-HG did not affect dendritic cell differentiation or function, it significantly inhibited activated T-cell migration, proliferation, and cytokine secretion.Conclusions: D 2-HG suppresses the host immune system, potentially promoting immune escape of IDH-mutant tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5381-91. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mia D Sorensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ma H, Liu C, Shi B, Zhang Z, Feng R, Guo M, Lu L, Shi S, Gao X, Chen W, Sun L. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Control Complement C5 Activation by Factor H in Lupus Nephritis. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:21-30. [PMID: 29885865 PMCID: PMC6020800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) caused by uncontrolled activation of the complement system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit clinical efficacy for severe LN in our previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms of MSCs regulating complement activation remain largely unknown. Here we show that significantly elevated C5a and C5b-9 were found in patients with LN, which were notably correlated with proteinuria and different renal pathological indexes of LN. MSCs suppressed systemic and intrarenal activation of C5, increased the plasma levels of factor H (FH), and ameliorated renal disease in lupus mice. Importantly, MSCs transplantation up-regulated the decreased FH in patients with LN. Mechanistically, interferon-α enhanced the secretion of FH by MSCs. These data demonstrate that MSCs inhibit the activation of pathogenic C5 via up-regulation of FH, which improves our understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihai Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Complement links platelets to innate immunity. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
143
|
Kolev M, Markiewski MM. Targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:85-97. [PMID: 29454575 PMCID: PMC5984681 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement was initially discovered as an assembly of plasma proteins "complementing" the cytolytic activity of antibodies. However, our current knowledge places this complex system of several plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators in the center of innate immunity as a bridge between the initial innate responses and adaptive immune reactions. Consequently, complement appears to be pivotal for elimination of pathogens, not only as an early response defense, but by directing the subsequent adaptive immune response. The discovery of functional intracellular complement and its roles in cellular metabolism opened novel avenues for research and potential therapeutic implications. The recent studies demonstrating immunoregulatory functions of complement in the tumor microenvironment and the premetastatic niche shifted the paradigm on our understanding of functions of the complement system in regulating immunity. Several complement proteins, through their interaction with cells in the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis-targeted organs, contribute to modulating tumor growth, antitumor immunity, angiogenesis, and therefore, the overall progression of malignancy and, perhaps, responsiveness of cancer to different therapies. Here, we focus on recent progress in our understanding of immunostimulatory vs. immunoregulatory functions of complement and potential applications of these findings to the design of novel therapies for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
West EE, Afzali B, Kemper C. Unexpected Roles for Intracellular Complement in the Regulation of Th1 Responses. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:35-70. [PMID: 29731006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is generally recognized as an evolutionarily ancient and critical part of innate immunity required for the removal of pathogens that have breached the protective host barriers. It was originally defined as a liver-derived serum surveillance system that induces the opsonization and killing of invading microbes and amplifies the general inflammatory reactions. However, studies spanning the last four decades have established complement also as a vital bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, recent work on complement, and in particular its impact on human T helper 1 (Th1) responses, has led to the unexpected findings that the complement system also functions within cells and that it participates in the regulation of basic processes of the cell, including metabolism. These recent new insights into the unanticipated noncanonical activities of this ancient system suggest that the functions of complement extend well beyond mere host protection and into cellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Neutrophils from Both Susceptible and Resistant Mice Efficiently Kill Opsonized Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00085-18. [PMID: 29426040 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00085-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbred mouse strains differ in their susceptibility to infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, largely due to delayed or deficient innate immune responses. Previous antibody depletion studies suggested that neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) were particularly important for clearance in the liver, but the ability of PMN from susceptible and resistant mice to directly kill L. monocytogenes has not been examined. In this study, we showed that PMN infiltrated the livers of BALB/c/By/J (BALB/c) and C57BL/6 (B6) mice in similar numbers and that both cell types readily migrated toward leukotriene B4 in an in vitro chemotaxis assay. However, CFU burdens in the liver were significantly higher in BALB/c mice than in other strains, suggesting that PMN in the BALB/c liver might not be able to clear L. monocytogenes as efficiently as B6 PMN. Unprimed PMN harvested from either BALB/c or B6 bone marrow killed L. monocytogenes directly ex vivo, and pretreatment with autologous serum significantly enhanced killing efficiency for both. L. monocytogenes were internalized within 10 min and rapidly triggered intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. However, PMN from gp91phox-deficient mice also readily killed L. monocytogenes, which suggested that nonoxidative killing mechanisms may be sufficient for bacterial clearance. Together, these results indicate that there is not an intrinsic defect in the ability of PMN from susceptible BALB/c mice to kill L. monocytogenes and further suggest that if PMN function is impaired in BALB/c mice, it is likely due to locally produced modulating factors present in the liver during infection.
Collapse
|
147
|
Blazina Š, Debeljak M, Košnik M, Simčič S, Stopinšek S, Markelj G, Toplak N, Kopač P, Zakotnik B, Pokorn M, Avčin T. Functional Complement Analysis Can Predict Genetic Testing Results and Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Complement Deficiencies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:500. [PMID: 29619023 PMCID: PMC5871747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of complement deficiencies (CDs) is markedly higher in Slovenian primary immunodeficiency (PID) registry in comparison to other national and international PID registries. Objective The purposes of our study were to confirm CD and define complete and partial CD in registered patients in Slovenia, to evaluate frequency of clinical manifestations, and to assess the risk for characteristic infections separately for subjects with complete and partial CD. Methods CD was confirmed with genetic analyses in patients with C2 deficiency, C8 deficiency, and hereditary angioedema or with repeated functional complement studies and measurement of complement components in other CD. Results of genetic studies (homozygous subjects vs. heterozygous carriers) and complement functional studies were analyzed to define complete (complement below the level of heterozygous carriers) and partial CD (complement above the level of homozygous patients). Presence of characteristic infections was assessed separately for complete and partial CD. Results Genetic analyses confirmed markedly higher prevalence of CD in Slovenian PID registry (26% of all PID) than in other national and international PID registries (0.5–6% of all PID). Complement functional studies and complement component concentrations reliably distinguished between homozygous and heterozygous CD carriers. Subjects with partial CD had higher risk for characteristic infections than previously reported. Conclusion Results of our study imply under-recognition of CD worldwide. Complement functional studies and complement component concentrations reliably predicted risk for characteristic infections in patients with complete or partial CD. Vaccination against encapsulated bacteria should be advocated also for subjects with partial CD and not limited to complete CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Blazina
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- Department of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Košnik
- University Clinic of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Simčič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Stopinšek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Markelj
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Toplak
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kopač
- University Clinic of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Breda Zakotnik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Pokorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Avčin
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Ke F, Gui JF, Chen ZY, Li T, Lei CK, Wang ZH, Zhang QY. Divergent transcriptomic responses underlying the ranaviruses-amphibian interaction processes on interspecies infection of Chinese giant salamander. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:211. [PMID: 29558886 PMCID: PMC5861657 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ranaviruses (family Iridoviridae, nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses) have been reported as promiscuous pathogens of cold-blooded vertebrates. Rana grylio virus (RGV, a ranavirus), from diseased frog Rana grylio with a genome of 105.79 kb and Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV), from diseased Chinese giant salamander (CGS) with a genome of 106.73 kb, contains 99% homologous genes. Results To uncover the differences in virus replication and host responses under interspecies infection, we analyzed transcriptomes of CGS challenged with RGV and ADRV in different time points (1d, 7d) for the first time. A total of 128,533 unigenes were obtained from 820,858,128 clean reads. Transcriptome analysis revealed stronger gene expression of RGV than ADRV at 1 d post infection (dpi), which was supported by infection in vitro. RGV replicated faster and had higher titers than ADRV in cultured CGS cell line. RT-qPCR revealed the RGV genes including the immediate early gene (RGV-89R) had higher expression level than that of ADRV at 1 dpi. It further verified the acute infection of RGV in interspecies infection. The number of differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways from RGV were lower than that from ADRV, which reflected the variant host responses at transcriptional level. No obvious changes of key components in pathway “Antigen processing and presentation” were detected for RGV at 1 dpi. Contrarily, ADRV infection down-regulated the expression levels of MHC I and CD8. The divergent host immune responses revealed the differences between interspecies and natural infection, which may resulted in different fates of the two viruses. Altogether, these results revealed the differences in transcriptome responses among ranavirus interspecies infection of amphibian and new insights in DNA virus-host interactions in interspecies infection. Conclusion The DNA virus (RGV) not only expressed self-genes and replicated quickly after entry into host under interspecies infection, but also avoided the over-activation of host responses. The strategy could gain time for the survival of interspecies pathogen, and may provide opportunity for its adaptive evolution and interspecies transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4596-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Cun-Ke Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zi-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Karsten CM, Beckmann T, Holtsche MM, Tillmann J, Tofern S, Schulze FS, Heppe EN, Ludwig RJ, Zillikens D, König IR, Köhl J, Schmidt E. Tissue Destruction in Bullous Pemphigoid Can Be Complement Independent and May Be Mitigated by C5aR2. Front Immunol 2018; 9:488. [PMID: 29599777 PMCID: PMC5862877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most frequent autoimmune bullous disorder, is a paradigmatic autoantibody-mediated disease associated with autoantibodies against BP180 (type XVII collagen, Col17). Several animal models have been developed that reflect important clinical and immunological features of human BP. Complement activation has been described as a prerequisite for blister formation, however, the recent finding that skin lesions can be induced by anti-Col17 F(ab')2 fragments indicates complement-independent mechanisms to contribute to blister formation in BP. Here, C5-/- mice injected with anti-Col17 IgG showed a reduction of skin lesions by about 50% associated with significantly less skin-infiltrating neutrophils compared to wild-type mice. Reduction of skin lesions and neutrophil infiltration was seen independently of the employed anti-Col17 IgG dose. Further, C5ar1-/- mice were protected from disease development, whereas the extent of skin lesions was increased in C5ar2-/- animals. Pharmacological inhibition of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) by PMX53 led to reduced disease activity when applied in a prophylactic setting. In contrast, PMX-53 treatment had no effect when first skin lesions had already developed. While C5aR1 was critically involved in neutrophil migration in vitro, its role for Col17-anti-Col17 IgG immune complex-mediated release of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils was less pronounced. Our data demonstrate that complement-dependent and -independent mechanisms coexist in anti-Col17-autoantibody-mediated tissue destruction. C5aR1 and C5aR2 seem to play opposing roles in this process with C5aR1 exerting its primary effect in recruiting inflammatory cells to the skin during the early phase of the disease. Further studies are required to fully understand the role of C5aR2 in autoantibody-mediated skin inflammation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/genetics
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Complement C5/genetics
- Complement C5/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Non-Fibrillar Collagens/genetics
- Non-Fibrillar Collagens/immunology
- Pemphigoid, Bullous/chemically induced
- Pemphigoid, Bullous/genetics
- Pemphigoid, Bullous/immunology
- Pemphigoid, Bullous/pathology
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/immunology
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/genetics
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/immunology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Collagen Type XVII
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Beckmann
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Tillmann
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sabrina Tofern
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franziska S. Schulze
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Nina Heppe
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Abstract
From its discovery in the late nineteenth century, as a 'complement' to the cellular immune response, the complement system has been widely affirmed as a powerful controller of innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent decades however, new roles for complement have been discovered, with multiple complement proteins now known to function in a broad array of non-immune systems. This includes during development, where complement exerts control over stem cell populations from fertilization and implantation throughout embryogenesis and beyond post-natal development. It is involved in processes as diverse as cell localisation, tissue morphogenesis, and the growth and refinement of the brain. Such physiological actions of complement have also been described in adult stem cell populations, with roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. With such a broad range of complement functions now described, it is likely that current research only describes a fraction of the full reach of complement proteins. Here, we review how complement control of physiological cell processes has been harnessed in stem cell populations throughout both development and in adult physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|