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Crock LW, Baldridge MT. A role for the microbiota in complex regional pain syndrome? NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2020; 8:100054. [PMID: 33305068 PMCID: PMC7708695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating neuroinflammatory condition of unknown etiology. Symptoms include excruciating pain and trophic changes in the limbs as defined by the Budapest criteria. The severity and functional recovery of CRPS, unlike most pain conditions, is quantifiable using a variation of the Budapest criteria known as the CRPS severity score. Like many chronic pain conditions, CRPS is difficult to treat once pain has been present for more than 12 months. However, previous work has demonstrated that a subset of patients with new-onset CRPS (~50%) improve if treated within one year, while the rest have minimal to no symptom improvement. Unfortunately, this leads to permanent disability and often requires invasive and costly treatments such as spinal cord stimulation or long-term opioid therapy. Because the etiology is unknown, treatment is multimodal, and often supportive. Biomarkers that predict severity or resolution of symptoms would significantly change treatment but have not yet been identified. Interestingly, there are case reports of remission or resolution of CRPS symptoms with the use of antibiotics known to affect the gut flora. Mouse studies have demonstrated that modulation of the gut microbiome is anti-nociceptive in visceral, inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. We hypothesize that the variable clinical potential for recovery and response to therapy in CRPS may be secondary to or reflected in changes in the gut microbiota. We suggest that the microbiota may mediate or reflect clinical status via the metabolome, activation of the immune system and/or microglial activation. We hypothesize that the gut microbiome is a potential mediator in development and persistence of CRPS symptoms and propose that the clinical condition of CRPS could provide a unique opportunity to identify biomarkers of the microbiota and potential therapies to prevent pain chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara W. Crock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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102
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Qu Y, Zhang K, Pu Y, Chang L, Wang S, Tan Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Ohnishi T, Yoshikawa T, Hashimoto K. Betaine supplementation is associated with the resilience in mice after chronic social defeat stress: a role of brain-gut-microbiota axis. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:66-76. [PMID: 32379622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-gut-microbiota axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders; however, its role in the resilience versus susceptibility after stress remains unclear. Dietary nutrient betaine is suggested to affect the gut microbiome. Here, we examined whether betaine supplementation can affect anhedonia-like phenotype in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). METHODS CSDS was performed during betaine supplementation. Sucrose preference test and 16S rRNA analysis of fecal samples were performed. RESULTS CSDS did not produce an anhedonia-like phenotype in the betaine-treated mice, but did induce an anhedonia-like phenotype in water-treated mice. Furthermore, CSDS treatment did not alter the plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) of betaine-treated mice whereas CSDS caused higher plasma levels of IL-6 in water-treated mice. Betaine supplementation ameliorated the abnormal diversity and composition of the microbiota in the host gut after CSDS. At the genus level, CSDS caused marked increases in the several bacteria of water-treated mice, but not betaine-treated mice. CSDS increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (i.e., succinic acid and acetic acid) in feces from water-treated mice, but not betaine-treated mice. Interestingly, there are positive correlations between short-chain fatty acids (i.e., succinic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid) and several bacteria among the groups. LIMITATIONS Specific microbiome were not determined. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that betaine supplementation contributed to resilience to anhedonia in mice subjected to CSDS through anti-inflammation action. Therefore, it is likely that betaine could be a prophylactic nutrient to prevent stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Siming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xingming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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103
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Molecular mechanisms of the rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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104
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Chinna Meyyappan A, Forth E, Wallace CJK, Milev R. Effect of fecal microbiota transplant on symptoms of psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:299. [PMID: 32539741 PMCID: PMC7294648 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gut-Brain-Axis is a bidirectional signaling pathway between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain. The hundreds of trillions of microorganisms populating the gastrointestinal tract are thought to modulate this connection, and have far reaching effects on the immune system, central and autonomic nervous systems, and GI functioning. These interactions Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders have also been linked to various psychiatric illnesses such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, autism spectrum disorder, and eating disorders. It is hypothesized that techniques aimed at strengthening and repopulating the gut microbiome, such as Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT), may be useful in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric illnesses. METHODS A systematic search of five databases was conducted using key terms related to FMT and psychiatric illnesses. All results were then evaluated based on specific eligibility criteria. RESULTS Twenty-one studies met the eligibility criteria and were analysed for reported changes in mood and behavioural measures indicative of psychiatric wellbeing. The studies included were either entirely clinical (n = 8), preclinical with human donors (n = 9), or entirely preclinical (n = 11). All studies found a decrease in depressive and anxiety-like symptoms and behaviours resulting from the transplantation of healthy microbiota. The inverse was also found, with the transmission of depressive and anxiety-like symptoms and behaviours resulting from the transplantation of microbiota from psychiatrically ill donors to healthy recipients. CONCLUSION There appears to be strong evidence for the treatment and transmission of psychiatric illnesses through FMT. Further research with larger sample sizes and stronger scientific design is warranted in order to fully determine the efficacy and safety of this potential treatment. Registered on PROSPERO, IRD: CRD42019126795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Chinna Meyyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON, K7L 4X3, Canada. .,Providence Care Hospital, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON, K7L 4X3, Canada. .,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Evan Forth
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3 Canada ,Providence Care Hospital, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3 Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Caroline J. K. Wallace
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3 Canada ,Providence Care Hospital, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3 Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3 Canada ,Providence Care Hospital, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON K7L 4X3 Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, 62 Arch St., Kingston, K7L 3L3 ON Canada
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105
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Zhang J, Ma L, Chang L, Pu Y, Qu Y, Hashimoto K. A key role of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in the depression-like phenotype and abnormal composition of gut microbiota in mice after lipopolysaccharide administration. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:186. [PMID: 32518376 PMCID: PMC7283282 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve plays a role in the cross talk between the brain and gut microbiota, which could be involved in depression. The subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve serves as a major modulatory pathway between the brain and gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) on the depression-like phenotype and the abnormal composition of gut microbiota in mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. LPS caused a depression-like phenotype, inflammation, increase in spleen weight, and downregulation of synaptic proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the sham-operated mice. In contrast, LPS did not produce a depression-like phenotype and downregulated synaptic proteins in the mPFC after SDV. The spleen weight and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the SDV + LPS group were lower than those of the sham + LPS group. Interestingly, there were positive correlations between the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and spleen weight, suggesting a relationship between inflammatory events and spleen weight. Furthermore, LPS led to significant alterations in gut microbiota diversity in sham-operated mice, but not SDV-operated mice. In an unweighted UniFrac PCoA, the dots representing the sham + LPS group were located far away from the dots representing the other three groups. Our results suggest that LPS produces a depression-like phenotype, increases spleen weight, triggers inflammation, downregulates synaptic proteins in the mPFC, and leads to abnormal composition of gut microbiota via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve. It is likely that the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in the brain-gut-microbiota axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 PR China
| | - Li Ma
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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106
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Du Y, Gao XR, Peng L, Ge JF. Crosstalk between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04097. [PMID: 32529075 PMCID: PMC7276434 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional and microbiological psychiatry, especially the contribution of the gut microbiota to depression, has become a promising research field over the past several decades. An imbalance in the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", which reflects the constant bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, has been used as a hypothesis to interpret the pathogenesis of depression. Alterations in gut microbiota composition could increase the permeability of the gut barrier, activate systemic inflammation and immune responses, regulate the release and efficacy of monoamine neurotransmitters, alter the activity and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and modify the abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), eventually leading to depression. In this article, we review changes in gut microbiota in depressive states, the association between these changes and depression-like behavior, the potential mechanism linking gut microbiota disruptions and depression, and preliminary attempts at using gut microbiota intervention for the treatment of depression. In summary, although the link between gut microbiota and depression and the potential mechanism have been discussed, a more detailed mechanistic understanding is needed to fully realize the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression. Future efforts should aim to determine the potential causative mechanisms, which will require further animal and clinical research as well as the development of analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Ran Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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107
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Du HX, Liu Y, Zhang LG, Zhan CS, Chen J, Zhang M, Chen XG, Zhang L, Liang CZ. Abnormal gut microbiota composition is associated with experimental autoimmune prostatitis-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Prostate 2020; 80:663-673. [PMID: 32255522 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are found in approximately 78% of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) patients, but the pathological mechanisms remain unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal gut microbiota may play an important role in depression. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota contributes to CP/CPPS-associated depression by using a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). METHODS Male nonobese diabetic mice were immunized twice by subcutaneous injection of prostate antigen and adjuvant. Behavioral tests consisted of an open field test, sucrose preference test, forced swimming tests, and tail suspension test was used to confirm the depression-like symptoms that were induced by EAP. Then, fecal samples were collected, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed to detect differences in gut microbiota composition between control and EAP group. Additionally, fecal bacteria from the control and EAP mice were transplanted into antibiotics-induced pseudo-germ-free mice to investigate the effects on host behaviors and the composition of gut bacteria. RESULTS EAP was successfully established and exhibited depressive-like behaviors in mice. The 16S rRNA analysis of fecal samples indicated the abnormal composition of gut microbiota in the EAP mice compared to the control mice. In the fecal microbiota transplant study, antibiotics-treated pseudo-germ-free mice presented depressive states as compared to naïve mice. Fecal bacteria transplant from EAP mice, but not from control mice, into the pseudo-germ-free mice, significantly exaggerated host depression-like behaviors. Moreover, fecal bacteria transplants from control and EAP mice induced distinct alterations in α-diversity and β-diversity indices. In all, 24 bacteria at six phylogenetic levels were remarkably changed by the fecal bacteria transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal gut microbiota composition after EAP induction may contribute to the development of depression in mice. A therapeutic strategy that targets gut microbiota may provide an alternative treatment for alleviating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Xi Du
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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108
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Guida F, De Gregorio D, Palazzo E, Ricciardi F, Boccella S, Belardo C, Iannotta M, Infantino R, Formato F, Marabese I, Luongo L, de Novellis V, Maione S. Behavioral, Biochemical and Electrophysiological Changes in Spared Nerve Injury Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093396. [PMID: 32403385 PMCID: PMC7246983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a pathological condition induced by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system, with symptoms like allodynia and hyperalgesia. It has a multifaceted pathogenesis as it implicates several molecular signaling pathways involving peripheral and central nervous systems. Affective and cognitive dysfunctions have been reported as comorbidities of neuropathic pain states, supporting the notion that pain and mood disorders share some common pathogenetic mechanisms. The understanding of these pathophysiological mechanisms requires the development of animal models mimicking, as far as possible, clinical neuropathic pain symptoms. Among them, the Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) model has been largely characterized in terms of behavioral and functional alterations. This model is associated with changes in neuronal firing activity at spinal and supraspinal levels, and induces late neuropsychiatric disorders (such as anxious-like and depressive-like behaviors, and cognitive impairments) comparable to an advanced phase of neuropathy. The goal of this review is to summarize current findings in preclinical research, employing the SNI model as a tool for identifying pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain and testing pharmacological agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A1A1, Canada;
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Flavia Ricciardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Federica Formato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Vito de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (F.R.); (S.B.); (C.B.); (M.I.); (R.I.); (F.F.); (I.M.); (L.L.); (V.d.N.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (S.M.)
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Esquerre N, Basso L, Defaye M, Vicentini FA, Cluny N, Bihan D, Hirota SA, Schick A, Jijon HB, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, Sharkey KA, Altier C, Nasser Y. Colitis-Induced Microbial Perturbation Promotes Postinflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:225-244. [PMID: 32289500 PMCID: PMC7301239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite achieving endoscopic remission, more than 20% of inflammatory bowel disease patients experience chronic abdominal pain. These patients have increased rectal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor (TRPV1) expression, a key transducer of inflammatory pain. Because inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission exhibit dysbiosis and microbial manipulation alters TRPV1 function, our goal was to examine whether microbial perturbation modulated transient receptor potential function in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis and were allowed to recover. The microbiome was perturbed by using antibiotics as well as fecal microbial transplant (FMT). Visceral and somatic sensitivity were assessed by recording visceromotor responses to colorectal distention and using hot plate/automated Von Frey tests, respectively. Calcium imaging of isolated dorsal root ganglia neurons was used as an in vitro correlate of nociception. The microbiome composition was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene variable region V4 amplicon sequencing, whereas fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by using targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS Postinflammatory DSS mice developed visceral and somatic hyperalgesia. Antibiotic administration during DSS recovery induced visceral, but not somatic, hyperalgesia independent of inflammation. FMT of postinflammatory DSS stool into antibiotic-treated mice increased visceral hypersensitivity, whereas FMT of control stool reversed antibiotics' sensitizing effects. Postinflammatory mice exhibited both increased SCFA-producing species and fecal acetate/butyrate content compared with controls. Capsaicin-evoked calcium responses were increased in naive dorsal root ganglion neurons incubated with both sodium butyrate/propionate alone and with colonic supernatants derived from postinflammatory mice. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome plays a central role in postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. Microbial-derived SCFAs can sensitize nociceptive neurons and may contribute to the pathogenesis of postinflammatory visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Lilian Basso
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Nina Cluny
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Microbiology, Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Christophe Altier
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary.
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110
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Abstract
Although the gut and brain are separate organs, they communicate with each other via trillions of intestinal bacteria that collectively make up one's gut microbiome. Findings from both humans and animals support a critical role of gut microbes in regulating brain function, mood, and behavior. Gut bacteria influence neural circuits that are notably affected in addiction-related behaviors. These include circuits involved in stress, reward, and motivation, with substance use influencing gut microbial abnormalities, suggesting significant gut-brain interactions in drug addiction. Given the overwhelming rates of opioid overdose deaths driven by abuse and addiction, it is essential to characterize mechanisms mediating the abuse potential of opioids. We discuss in this review the role of gut microbiota in factors that influence opioid addiction, including incentive salience, reward, tolerance, withdrawal, stress, and compromised executive function. We present clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and opioid-related behaviors by highlighting the effects of opioid use on gut bacteria, and the effects of gut bacteria on behavioral responses to opioids. Further, we discuss possible mechanisms of this gut-brain communication influencing opioid use. By clarifying the relationship between the gut microbiome and opioid-related behaviors, we improve understanding on mechanisms mediating reward-, motivation-, and stress-related behaviors and disorders, which may contribute to the development of effective, targeted therapeutic interventions in opioid dependence and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
| | - Shahrdad Lotfipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
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111
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Vendrik KEW, Ooijevaar RE, de Jong PRC, Laman JD, van Oosten BW, van Hilten JJ, Ducarmon QR, Keller JJ, Kuijper EJ, Contarino MF. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:98. [PMID: 32266160 PMCID: PMC7105733 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies suggested an important role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, implying that alteration of the gut microbiota might serve as a treatment strategy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently the most effective gut microbiota intervention and an accepted treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. To evaluate indications of FMT for patients with neurological disorders, we summarized the available literature on FMT. In addition, we provide suggestions for future directions. Methods: In July 2019, five main databases were searched for studies and case descriptions on FMT in neurological disorders in humans or animal models. In addition, the ClinicalTrials.gov website was consulted for registered planned and ongoing trials. Results: Of 541 identified studies, 34 were included in the analysis. Clinical trials with FMT have been performed in patients with autism spectrum disorder and showed beneficial effects on neurological symptoms. For multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, several animal studies suggested a positive effect of FMT, supported by some human case reports. For epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, and diabetic neuropathy some studies suggested a beneficial effect of FMT, but evidence was restricted to case reports and limited numbers of animal studies. For stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Guillain-Barré syndrome only studies with animal models were identified. These studies suggested a potential beneficial effect of healthy donor FMT. In contrast, one study with an animal model for stroke showed increased mortality after FMT. For Guillain-Barré only one study was identified. Whether positive findings from animal studies can be confirmed in the treatment of human diseases awaits to be seen. Several trials with FMT as treatment for the above mentioned neurological disorders are planned or ongoing, as well as for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Conclusions: Preliminary literature suggests that FMT may be a promising treatment option for several neurological disorders. However, available evidence is still scanty and some contrasting results were observed. A limited number of studies in humans have been performed or are ongoing, while for some disorders only animal experiments have been conducted. Large double-blinded randomized controlled trials are needed to further elucidate the effect of FMT in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna E W Vendrik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rogier E Ooijevaar
- Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter R C de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bob W van Oosten
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Quinten R Ducarmon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Josbert J Keller
- Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Eduard J Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Fiorella Contarino
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
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112
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An Q, Li C, Chen Y, Yang Y, Song R, Zhou L, Li J, Tong A, Luo Y. Scaffold hopping of agomelatine leads to enhanced antidepressant effects by modulation of gut microbiota and host immune responses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 192:172910. [PMID: 32194087 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of depression remain elusive, and the development of novel, effective antidepressant drugs remains necessary. A dihydroquinoline analog of agomelatine (AGO), N-(2-(7-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)ethyl)acetamide hydrochloride (NMDEA), was synthesized by employing a scaffold-hopping strategy in our previous study. In this study, NMDEA was demonstrated to attenuate depression-related behaviors in mice models of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), using a sucrose preference test, a forced swimming test, and a tail suspension test. However, the antidepressant mechanism of NMDEA appears to differ from that for AGO. Based on the analysis of fecal microbiota from mice, stress can alter the richness of the gut bacterial community, increasing the expression of immune-modulating microbiota, such as Clostridia, and decreasing the expression of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Treatment with NMDEA was able to recover the richness and to regulate the dysbiosis among bacterial species. Several studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota population can induce inflammatory processes. To explore the effects of NMDEA on the suppression of pro-inflammatory factors, we used Western blotting to analyze the levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), p65, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NMDEA suppressed the activation of IL-1β and IL-6, in the hippocampus, and IL-1β, IL-6, p65, and iNOS, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells. These results suggested that NMDEA may affect the microbiota-inflammasome-brain axis, regulating relevant neuro-inflammatory markers and gut microbiota. Our data also suggested that using small molecules to modify the gut microbiota population or alter inflammasome signaling may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for the mitigation of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chungen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - LiangXue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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113
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Hakim JD, Chami J, Keay KA. μ-Opioid and dopamine-D2 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens of male Sprague-Dawley rats whose sucrose consumption, but not preference, decreases after nerve injury. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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114
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Wei Y, Chang L, Hashimoto K. A historical review of antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 190:172870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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115
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-TrkB signaling and the mechanism of antidepressant activity by ketamine in mood disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:137-138. [PMID: 32008067 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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116
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van der Eijk JAJ, Rodenburg TB, de Vries H, Kjaer JB, Smidt H, Naguib M, Kemp B, Lammers A. Early-life microbiota transplantation affects behavioural responses, serotonin and immune characteristics in chicken lines divergently selected on feather pecking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2750. [PMID: 32066789 PMCID: PMC7026165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota influences host behaviour and physiology, such as anxiety, stress, serotonergic and immune systems. These behavioural and physiological characteristics are related to feather pecking (FP), a damaging behaviour in chickens that reduces animal welfare and productivity. Moreover, high FP (HFP) and low FP (LFP) lines differed in microbiota composition. However, it is unknown whether microbiota can influence the development of FP. For the first time, we identified the effects of microbiota transplantation on FP, and behavioural and physiological characteristics related to FP. HFP and LFP chicks received sterile saline (control), HFP or LFP microbiota transplantation during the first two weeks post-hatch. Microbiota transplantation influenced behavioural responses of the HFP line during treatment and of the LFP line after treatment. In both lines, homologous microbiota transplantation (i.e., receiving microbiota from their line) resulted in more active behavioural responses. Furthermore, microbiota transplantation influenced immune characteristics (natural antibodies) in both lines and peripheral serotonin in the LFP line. However, limited effects on microbiota composition, stress response (corticosterone) and FP were noted. Thus, early-life microbiota transplantation had immediate and long-term effects on behavioural responses and long-term effects on immune characteristics and peripheral serotonin; however, the effects were dependent on host genotype. Since early-life microbiota transplantation influenced behavioural and physiological characteristics that are related to FP, it could thus influence the development of FP later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerine A J van der Eijk
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - T Bas Rodenburg
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joergen B Kjaer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Naguib
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aart Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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117
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Kremer M, Becker LJ, Barrot M, Yalcin I. How to study anxiety and depression in rodent models of chronic pain? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:236-270. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Léa J. Becker
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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118
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Wang S, Qu Y, Chang L, Pu Y, Zhang K, Hashimoto K. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion is associated with resilience in mice after chronic social defeat stress. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:448-457. [PMID: 31539679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-gut axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders such as depression. However, the role of brain-gut axis in the resilience versus susceptibility after stress remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion on an anhedonia-like phenotype in adult mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). METHODS Using CSDS paradigm, we investigated the effects of antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion on the resilience versus susceptibility in mice. RESULTS Treatment with an antibiotic cocktail for 14 days significantly decreased the diversity and composition of the microbiota in the host gut. Proteobacteria were markedly increased after treatment with the antibiotic cocktail. At the genus and species levels, the antibiotic-treated group exhibited marked alterations in the microbiota compared with a control group. CSDS was shown to significantly improve the abnormal composition of gut microbiota in the antibiotic-treated group. CSDS did not produce an anhedonia-like phenotype in the antibiotic-treated mice, but did induce an anhedonia-like phenotype in control mice, suggesting that gut bacteria are essential for the development of CSDS-induced anhedonia. CSDS treatment did not alter the plasma levels of interleukin-6 or the expression of synaptic proteins, such as PSD-95 and GluA1, in the prefrontal cortex of antibiotic-treated mice. LIMITATIONS Specific microbiome were not determined. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion contributed to resilience to anhedonia in mice subjected to CSDS. Therefore, it is likely that the brain-gut axis plays a role in resilience versus susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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119
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Li S, Hua D, Wang Q, Yang L, Wang X, Luo A, Yang C. The Role of Bacteria and Its Derived Metabolites in Chronic Pain and Depression: Recent Findings and Research Progress. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 23:26-41. [PMID: 31760425 PMCID: PMC7064053 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is frequently comorbid with depression in clinical practice. Recently, alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites derived therefrom have been found to potentially contribute to abnormal behaviors and cognitive dysfunction via the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. METHODS PubMed was searched and we selected relevant studies before October 1, 2019. The search keyword string included "pain OR chronic pain" AND "gut microbiota OR metabolites"; "depression OR depressive disorder" AND "gut microbiota OR metabolites". We also searched the reference lists of key articles manually. RESULTS This review systematically summarized the recent evidence of gut microbiota and metabolites in chronic pain and depression in animal and human studies. The results showed the pathogenesis and therapeutics of chronic pain and depression might be partially due to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Importantly, bacteria-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived metabolites, and secondary bile acids, offer new insights into the potential linkage between key triggers in gut microbiota and potential mechanisms of depression. CONCLUSION Studying gut microbiota and its metabolites has contributed to the understanding of comorbidity of chronic pain and depression. Consequently, modulating dietary structures or supplementation of specific bacteria may be an available strategy for treating chronic pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Correspondence: Chun Yang, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (; )
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120
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Abnormal gut microbiota composition contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in db/db mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10454-10467. [PMID: 31760385 PMCID: PMC6914402 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an age-related metabolic disease, emerging gradually as a major global health burden that has gained public attention. Meanwhile, increasing attention is paid to the crucial role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of metabolic disorders, especially T2DM. In this study, we used C57 BL/KS db/db male mice as a T2DM murine model. We found that the β-diversity and relative abundances of gut bacteria were obviously altered in db/db mice, associated with a significant increase in Verrucomicrobia at six levels (phylum, class, order, etc.) and family S24-7 and a significant decrease in Bacteroidaceae at family, genus, and species levels, as well as Prevotellaceae at family and genus levels. Furthermore, fecal bacteria from db/db and m/m mice transplanted into pseudo-germ-free mice showed a significant change in the metabolic parameters, including the body weight, fasting blood glucose, fluid and food intake, and alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Taken together, these findings suggest that abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiota might contribute to the development of T2DM and that potential therapeutic strategies improving gut microbiota might provide beneficial effects for individuals with T2DM and age-related glucose intolerance.
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121
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Hashimoto K. Rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:613-627. [PMID: 31215725 PMCID: PMC6851782 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders. Approximately one-third of the patients with MDD are treatment resistant to the current antidepressants. There is also a significant therapeutic time lag of weeks to months. Furthermore, depression in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is typically poorly responsive to antidepressants. Therefore, there exists an unmet medical need for rapidly acting antidepressants with beneficial effects in treatment-resistant patients with MDD or BD. Accumulating evidence suggests that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine produces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients with MDD or BD. Ketamine is a racemic mixture comprising equal parts of (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) and (S)-ketamine (or esketamine). Because (S)-ketamine has higher affinity for NMDAR than (R)-ketamine, esketamine was developed as an antidepressant. On 5 March 2019, esketamine nasal spray was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, preclinical data suggest that (R)-ketamine exerts greater potency and longer-lasting antidepressant effects than (S)-ketamine in animal models of depression and that (R)-ketamine has less detrimental side-effects than (R,S)-ketamine or (S)-ketamine. In this article, the author reviews the historical overview of the antidepressant actions of enantiomers of ketamine and its major metabolites norketamine and hydroxynorketamine. Furthermore, the author discusses the other potential rapid-acting antidepressant candidates (i.e., NMDAR antagonists and modulators, low-voltage-sensitive T-type calcium channel inhibitor, potassium channel Kir4.1 inhibitor, negative modulators of γ-aminobutyric acid, and type A [GABAA ] receptors) to compare them with ketamine. Moreover, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ketamine's antidepressant effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
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123
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Pain regulation by gut microbiota: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:637-654. [PMID: 31551115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain, has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral pain, whereas recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota may also play a critical role in many other types of chronic pain, including inflammatory pain, headache, neuropathic pain, and opioid tolerance. We present a narrative review of the current understanding on the role of gut microbiota in pain regulation and discuss the possibility of targeting gut microbiota for the management of chronic pain. Numerous signalling molecules derived from gut microbiota, such as by-products of microbiota, metabolites, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, act on their receptors and remarkably regulate the peripheral and central sensitisation, which in turn mediate the development of chronic pain. Gut microbiota-derived mediators serve as critical modulators for the induction of peripheral sensitisation, directly or indirectly regulating the excitability of primary nociceptive neurones. In the central nervous system, gut microbiota-derived mediators may regulate neuroinflammation, which involves the activation of cells in the blood-brain barrier, microglia, and infiltrating immune cells, to modulate induction and maintenance of central sensitisation. Thus, we propose that gut microbiota regulates pain in the peripheral and central nervous system, and targeting gut microbiota by diet and pharmabiotic intervention may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the management of chronic pain.
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Zhang K, Fujita Y, Chang L, Qu Y, Pu Y, Wang S, Shirayama Y, Hashimoto K. Abnormal composition of gut microbiota is associated with resilience versus susceptibility to inescapable electric stress. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:231. [PMID: 31530799 PMCID: PMC6748977 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that abnormalities in the composition of gut microbiota might play a role in stress-related disorders. In the learned helplessness (LH) paradigm, ~60-70% rats are susceptible to LH in the face of inescapable electric stress. The role of gut microbiota in susceptibility in the LH paradigm is unknown. In this study, male rats were exposed to inescapable electric stress under the LH paradigm. The compositions of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids were assessed in fecal samples from control rats, non-LH (resilient) rats, and LH (susceptible) rats. Members of the order Lactobacillales were present at significantly higher levels in the susceptible rats than in control and resilient rats. At the family level, the number of Lactobacillaceae in the susceptible rats was significantly higher than in control and resilient rats. At the genus level, the numbers of Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster III, and Anaerofustis in susceptible rats were significantly higher than in control and resilient rats. Levels of acetic acid and propionic acid in the feces of susceptible rats were lower than in those of control and resilient rats; however, the levels of lactic acid in the susceptible rats were higher than those of control and resilient rats. There was a positive correlation between lactic acid and Lactobacillus levels among these three groups. These findings suggest that abnormal composition of the gut microbiota, including organisms such as Lactobacillus, contributes to susceptibility versus resilience to LH in rats subjected to inescapable electric foot shock. Therefore, it appears likely that brain-gut axis plays a role in stress susceptibility in the LH paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 238000 Hefei, China
| | - Yuko Fujita
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Siming Wang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan ,0000 0004 0467 0888grid.412406.5Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Chiba, 299-0111 Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Pu Y, Chang L, Qu Y, Wang S, Zhang K, Hashimoto K. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion protects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6915-6929. [PMID: 31479418 PMCID: PMC6756889 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the brain-gut axis appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, the precise mechanisms underlying the actions of gut microbiota in this disease are unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate whether antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion affects dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the mouse brain after administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP significantly decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoreactivity in the striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of water-treated mice. However, MPTP did not decrease DAT or TH immunoreactivity in the brains of mice treated with an antibiotic cocktail. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment significantly decreased the diversity and altered the composition of the host gut microbiota at the genus and species levels. Interestingly, MPTP also altered microbiome composition in antibiotic-treated mice. These findings suggest that antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion might protect against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the brain via the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Pu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Siming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Sun J, Xu J, Ling Y, Wang F, Gong T, Yang C, Ye S, Ye K, Wei D, Song Z, Chen D, Liu J. Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer's disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:189. [PMID: 31383855 PMCID: PMC6683152 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the elderly. Treatment for AD is still a difficult task in clinic. AD is associated with abnormal gut microbiota. However, little is known about the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in AD. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of FMT for the treatment of AD. We used an APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. Cognitive deficits, brain deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylation of tau, synaptic plasticity as well as neuroinflammation were assessed. Gut microbiota and its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results showed that FMT treatment could improve cognitive deficits and reduce the brain deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mice. These improvements were accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of tau protein and the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42. We observed an increases in synaptic plasticity in the Tg mice, showing that postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synapsin I expression were increased after FMT. We also observed the decrease of COX-2 and CD11b levels in Tg mice after FMT. We also found that FMT treatment reversed the changes of gut microbiota and SCFAs. Thus, FMT may be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- 0000 0004 1764 2632grid.417384.dDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- 0000 0004 1764 2632grid.417384.dDepartment of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Yi Ling
- 0000 0004 1764 2632grid.417384.dDepartment of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Tianyu Gong
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Changwei Yang
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Shiqing Ye
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Keyue Ye
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Dianhui Wei
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Ziqing Song
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Danna Chen
- 0000 0001 0348 3990grid.268099.cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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Wiss DA. A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health. Front Public Health 2019; 7:193. [PMID: 31338359 PMCID: PMC6629782 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid crisis has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with rising overdose death rates. Identifying the underlying factors that contribute to addiction vulnerability may lead to more effective prevention strategies. Supply side environmental factors are a major contributing component. Psychosocial factors such as stress, trauma, and adverse childhood experiences have been linked to emotional pain leading to self-medication. Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with brain reward pathways and impulsivity are known predictors of addiction vulnerability. This review attempts to present a biopsychosocial approach that connects various social and biological theories related to the addiction crisis. The emerging role of nutrition therapy with an emphasis on gastrointestinal health in the treatment of opioid use disorder is presented. The biopsychosocial model integrates concepts from several disciplines, emphasizing multicausality rather than a reductionist approach. Potential solutions at multiple levels are presented, considering individual as well as population health. This single cohesive framework is based on the interdependency of the entire system, identifying risk and protective factors that may influence substance-seeking behavior. Nutrition should be included as one facet of a multidisciplinary approach toward improved recovery outcomes. Cross-disciplinary collaborative efforts, new ideas, and fiscal resources will be critical to address the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wiss
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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