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Pianca N, Sacchi F, Umansky KB, Chirivì M, Iommarini L, Da Pra S, Papa V, Bongiovanni C, Miano C, Pontis F, Braga L, Tassinari R, Pantano E, Patnala RS, Mazzeschi M, Cenacchi G, Porcelli AM, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Giacca M, Rizzi R, Tzahor E, D'Uva G. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonization propels endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:617-633. [PMID: 39196236 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the physiological activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by glucocorticoids (GCs) promotes the maturation of cardiomyocytes during late gestation, but the effect on postnatal cardiac growth and regenerative plasticity is unclear. Here we demonstrate that the GC-GR axis restrains cardiomyocyte proliferation during postnatal development. Cardiomyocyte-specific GR ablation in conditional knockout (cKO) mice delayed the postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit, hypertrophic growth and cytoarchitectural maturation. GR-cKO hearts showed increased expression of genes involved in glucose catabolism and reduced expression of genes promoting fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Accordingly, oxygen consumption in GR-cKO cardiomyocytes was less dependent on fatty acid oxidation, and glycolysis inhibition reverted GR-cKO effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation. GR ablation or transient pharmacological inhibition after myocardial infarction in juvenile and/or adult mice facilitated cardiomyocyte survival, cell cycle re-entry and division, leading to cardiac muscle regeneration along with reduced scar formation. Thus, GR restrains heart regeneration and may represent a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pianca
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Kfir Baruch Umansky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotors Sciences, Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pontis
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elvira Pantano
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotors Sciences, Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy.
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102
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Li D, Pi W, Sun Z, Liu X, Jiang J. Ferroptosis and its role in cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113279. [PMID: 35738177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiomyopathy is a disease characterized by the heart muscle damage, resulting heart in a structurally and functionally change, as well as heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The key pathogenic factor of cardiomyopathy is the loss of cardiomyocytes, but the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered regulated form of cell death, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation during cell death. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of many heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the systemic association of ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy remains largely unknown and needs to be elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in individual cardiomyopathies, highlight that targeting ferroptosis maybe a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiomyopathy therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology of Taizhou, Radiation Oncology Institute of Enze Medical Health Academy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Taizhou hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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103
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Yi W, Zhu R, Hou X, Wu F, Feng R. Integrated Analysis Reveals S100a8/a9 Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis through the MAPK and PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway in the Early Stage of Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121911. [PMID: 35741040 PMCID: PMC9221389 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a type of coronary heart disease, has had a significantly increased incidence in recent years. The balance of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy after MI is one of the main determinants of patient prognosis. Both affect myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling and regulate cell survival. However, there are few studies on the regulation mechanism of cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis in the early stage after MI. In this study, based on analyzing the scRNA-seq and mRNA-seq data of mice in the early stage of MI, we found that the expression of S100a8 and S100a9 increased first and then decreased in the early stage of MI, and their expression level changed with the number of neutrophils. Further, through the functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes, we found that S100a8 and S100a9 were simultaneously associated with autophagy and apoptosis and could regulate autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes through MAPK or PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. This study provides valuable insights for clarifying the pathogenesis of early stage MI and improving its early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13386840836; Fax: +86-024-31939448
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104
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Metabolic Determinants in Cardiomyocyte Function and Heart Regenerative Strategies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060500. [PMID: 35736435 PMCID: PMC9227827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The associated pathology is characterized by a loss of cardiomyocytes that leads, eventually, to heart failure. In this context, several cardiac regenerative strategies have been developed, but they still lack clinical effectiveness. The mammalian neonatal heart is capable of substantial regeneration following injury, but this capacity is lost at postnatal stages when cardiomyocytes become terminally differentiated and transit to the fetal metabolic switch. Cardiomyocytes are metabolically versatile cells capable of using an array of fuel sources, and the metabolism of cardiomyocytes suffers extended reprogramming after injury. Apart from energetic sources, metabolites are emerging regulators of epigenetic programs driving cell pluripotency and differentiation. Thus, understanding the metabolic determinants that regulate cardiomyocyte maturation and function is key for unlocking future metabolic interventions for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of metabolism and nutrient signaling in cardiomyocyte function and repair, as well as whether exploiting this axis could potentiate current cellular regenerative strategies for the mammalian heart.
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105
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Xie Y, Guan Q, Guo J, Chen Y, Yin Y, Han X. Hydrogels for Exosome Delivery in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060328. [PMID: 35735672 PMCID: PMC9223116 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, which are hydrophilic polymer networks, have attracted great attention, and significant advances in their biological and biomedical applications, such as for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and models for medical studies, have been made. Due to their similarity in physiological structure, hydrogels are highly compatible with extracellular matrices and biological tissues and can be used as both carriers and matrices to encapsulate cellular secretions. As small extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all mammalian cells to mediate cell–cell interactions, exosomes play very important roles in therapeutic approaches and disease diagnosis. To maintain their biological activity and achieve controlled release, a strategy that embeds exosomes in hydrogels as a composite system has been focused on in recent studies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the use of composite hydrogels for embedding exosomes in medical applications, including the resources for making hydrogels and the properties of hydrogels, and strategies for their combination with exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qiuyue Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, People’s Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jiusi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yijia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (J.G.); (Y.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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106
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Zhou H, Zhang F, Wu Y, Liu H, Duan R, Liu Y, Wang Y, He X, Zhang Y, Ma X, Guan Y, Liu Y, Liang D, Zhou L, Chen Y. LRP5 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and neonatal heart regeneration by the AKT/P21 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2981-2994. [PMID: 35429093 PMCID: PMC9097834 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Fulei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yahan Wu
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Jinzhou Medical University Liaoning Jinzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Jinzhou Medical University Liaoning Jinzhou China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiue Ma
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi‐Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shanghai China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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107
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Katwa LC, Mendoza C, Clements M. CVD and COVID-19: Emerging Roles of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081316. [PMID: 35455995 PMCID: PMC9031661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Current data suggest that patients with cardiovascular diseases experience more serious complications with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) than those without CVD. In addition, severe COVID-19 appears to cause acute cardiac injury, as well as long-term adverse remodeling of heart tissue. Cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, being crucial in response to injury, may play a pivotal role in both contributing to and healing COVID-19-induced cardiac injury. The role of cardiac myofibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis has been well-established in the literature for decades. However, with the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, new cardiac complications are arising. Bursts of inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of TGF-β1 and angiotensin (AngII) are common in severe COVID-19 patients. Cytokines, TGF-β1, and Ang II can induce cardiac fibroblast differentiation, potentially leading to fibrosis. This review details the key information concerning the role of cardiac myofibroblasts in CVD and COVID-19 complications. Additionally, new factors including controlling ACE2 expression and microRNA regulation are explored as promising treatments for both COVID-19 and CVD. Further understanding of this topic may provide insight into the long-term cardiac manifestations of the COVID-19 pandemic and ways to mitigate its negative effects.
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108
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Wang X, Ansari A, Pierre V, Young K, Kothapalli CR, von Recum HA, Senyo SE. Injectable Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Promote Heart Regeneration in Mice with Post-ischemic Heart Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102265. [PMID: 35118812 PMCID: PMC9035118 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart injury causes permanent cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis impairing cardiac function. Tissue derived biomaterials have shown promise as an injectable treatment for the post-ischemic heart. Specifically, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a protein rich suspension that forms a therapeutic hydrogel once injected and improves the heart post-injury response in rodents and pig models. Current dECM-derived biomaterials are delivered to the heart as a liquid dECM hydrogel precursor or colloidal suspension, which gels over several minutes. To increase the functionality of the dECM therapy, an injectable solid dECM microparticle formulation derived from heart tissue to control sizing and extend stability in aqueous conditions is developed. When delivered into the infarcted mouse heart, these dECM microparticles protect cardiac function promote vessel density and reduce left ventricular remodeling by sustained delivery of biomolecules. Longer retention, higher stiffness, and slower protein release of dECM microparticles are noted compared to liquid dECM hydrogel precursor. In addition, the dECM microparticle can be developed as a platform for macromolecule delivery. Together, the results suggest that dECM microparticles can be developed as a modular therapy for heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ali Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Valinteshley Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kathleen Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Horst A. von Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Samuel E. Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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109
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Comparison of Protective Effects of Shenmai Injections Produced by Medicinal Materials from Different Origins on Cardiomyocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7205476. [PMID: 35341144 PMCID: PMC8956391 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7205476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Shenmai injection is mainly used for the treatment of heart-related diseases, including coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis, chronic cor pulmonale, and shock in Asia. Medicinal materials from different origins produce Shenmai injections for clinical use, and their protective effects on cardiomyocytes may vary with the choice of raw materials. In this study, we compared the protective effects of Shenmai injections produced from different raw materials on cardiomyocytes. Results showed that the protective effects of various Shenmai injections on hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury were mainly attributed to total ginsenosides extract, with few differences between them. However, the protective effects of different Shenmai injections on doxorubicin and oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury were significantly different; the protective effects of Shenmai injection with Zhejiang Ophiopogon japonicus as raw material were significantly better than those with Sichuan Ophiopogon japonicus, consistent with our previous research results. Our study reveals the different cardiomyocyte protective effects of Shenmai injections produced by medicinal materials from different origins, laying a scientific foundation for their clinical selection.
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110
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Regulation of Epicardial Cell Fate during Cardiac Development and Disease: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063220. [PMID: 35328640 PMCID: PMC8950551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardium is the outermost cell layer in the vertebrate heart that originates during development from mesothelial precursors located in the proepicardium and septum transversum. The epicardial layer plays a key role during cardiogenesis since a subset of epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) undergo an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); migrate into the myocardium; and differentiate into distinct cell types, such as coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and presumably a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes, thus contributing to complete heart formation. Furthermore, the epicardium is a source of paracrine factors that support cardiac growth at the last stages of cardiogenesis. Although several lineage trace studies have provided some evidence about epicardial cell fate determination, the molecular mechanisms underlying epicardial cell heterogeneity remain not fully understood. Interestingly, seminal works during the last decade have pointed out that the adult epicardium is reactivated after heart damage, re-expressing some embryonic genes and contributing to cardiac remodeling. Therefore, the epicardium has been proposed as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the previous knowledge regarding the regulation of epicardial cell contribution during development and the control of epicardial reactivation in cardiac repair after damage.
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111
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Tan J, Yang M, Wang H, Shen C, Wu M, Xu H, Wu Y, Li Y, Li X, Huang T, Deng S, Yang Z, Gao S, Li H, Zhou J, Chen H, Cao N, Cai W. Moderate heart rate reduction promotes cardiac regeneration through stimulation of the metabolic pattern switch. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110468. [PMID: 35263588 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a biological pump, the heart needs to consume a substantial amount of energy to maintain sustained beating. Myocardial energy metabolism was recently reported to be related to the loss of proliferative capacity in cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the intrinsic relationship between beating rate and proliferation in CMs and whether energy metabolism can regulate this relationship remains unclear. In this study, we find that moderate heart rate reduction (HRR) induces CM proliferation under physiological conditions and promotes cardiac regenerative repair after myocardial injury. Mechanistically, moderate HRR induces G1/S transition and increases the expression of glycolytic enzymes in CMs. Furthermore, moderate HRR induces a metabolic pattern switch, activating glucose metabolism and increasing the relative proportion of ATP production by the glycolytic pathway for biosynthesis of substrates needed for proliferative CMs. These results highlight the potential therapeutic role of HRR in not only acute myocardial protection but also long-term CM restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Conghui Shen
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Maoxiong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - He Xu
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yandi Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanlong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tongsheng Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Saifei Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaguo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Nan Cao
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Weibin Cai
- Laboratory Animal Center and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Xia L, Wang X, Yao W, Wang M, Zhu J. Lipopolysaccharide increases exosomes secretion from endothelial progenitor cells by toll-like receptor 4 dependent mechanism. Biol Cell 2022; 114:127-137. [PMID: 35235701 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can exert angiogenic effects by a paracrine mechanism, where exosomes work as an important mediator. Recent studies reported functional expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 on human EPCs and dose-dependent effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on EPC angiogenic properties. To study on the effects of TLR4/LPS signaling on EPC-derived exosomes (Exo) and involved mechanisms, we investigated the effect of LPS on exosomes secretion from human EPC and tested Exo functions by senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related H2 DCF-DA assay. To clarify the mechanism, we examined the changes in intracellular calcium levels and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) development in EPC. We employed the inhibitors of the plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA), endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (ERCA), PLC-IP3 pathway and store-operated calcium entry to assess the effects of LPS on calcium signalings which critical for exosome secretion. LPS induced the release of Exo in a TLR4-dependent manner in vitro, which effect can be partly abrogated by the membrane-permeable IP 3 R antagonist, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), but not PLC inhibitor, U-73122. The LPS can significantly delay the fallback of [Ca 2+ ]i after isolating the cellular PMCA activity, and disturb PMCA 1/4 expression. The distribution of elevated intracellular calcium seemed coincident with the development of MVBs. Furthermore, the LPS-induced Exo maintained valid anti-oxidation/senescence properties. The PMCA and ER Ca 2+ release mechanism may contribute to the pro-exosomal effects of LPS on EPC, which is valuable for potential pro-regenerative application in future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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113
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Cai J, Yang J, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z. Melatonin ameliorates trimethyltin chloride-induced cardiotoxicity: The role of nuclear xenobiotic metabolism and Keap1-Nrf2/ARE axis-mediated pyroptosis. Biofactors 2022; 48:481-497. [PMID: 34570919 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride plastics that causes serious health hazards in nontarget organisms. Melatonin (MT) exhibits powerful protective effects in cardiac diseases. As a new environmental pollutant, TMT-induced cardiotoxicity and the protective effects of MT remain unclear. To explore this, the mice were treated with TMT (2.8 mg/kg) and/or MT (10 mg/kg) for 7 days. Firstly, the histopathological and ultrastructural evaluation showed that TMT induced cardiac damage, tumescent rupture and nuclear pyknosis. Moreover, TMT elevated the expressions of pyroptosis genes NLRP3, ASC and Cas1 and inflammation factors IL-6, IL-17 and TNFα. Secondly, TMT reduced antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT and T-AOC) via decreasing the expression of genes associated with the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway to increase oxidative stress. Thirdly, TMT decreased the expression of genes associated with the ARE-driven drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), including Akr7a3, Akr1b8, and Akr1b10. Besides, TMT upregulated the mRNA expression of nuclear Xenobiotic metabolism on cytochrome P450s enzymes via increasing the expression of CAR, PXP, and AHR genes. Furthermore, MT treatment mitigated the aforementioned adverse changes induced by TMT. Overall, these results demonstrated that TMT caused pyroptosis and inflammation to aggravate cardiac damage via inducing excessive oxidative stress, imbalance of DMEs homeostasis, and nuclear Xenobiotic metabolism disorder, which could be alleviated by MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Harbin, P.R. China
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114
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Tang J, Cui X, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Guo J, Soliman BG, Lu Y, Qin Z, Wang Q, Zhang H, Lim KS, Woodfield TBF, Zhang J. Injection-Free Delivery of MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100312. [PMID: 34310068 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As emerging therapeutic factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer significant potential for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment. Current delivery approaches for EVs involve either intra-myocardial or intravenous injection, where both have inherent limitations for downstream clinical applications such as secondary tissue injury and low delivery efficiency. Herein, an injection-free approach for delivering EVs onto the heart surface to treat MI is proposed. By spraying a mixture of EVs, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) precursors, and photoinitiators followed by visible light irradiation for 30 s, EVs are physically entrapped within the GelMA hydrogel network covering the surface of the heart, resulting in an enhanced retention rate. Moreover, EVs are gradually released from the hydrogel network through a combination of diffusion and/or enzymatic degradation of the hydrogel, and they are effectively taken up by the sprayed tissue area. More importantly, the released EVs further migrate deep into myocardium tissue, which exerts an improved therapeutic effect. In an MI-induced mice model, the group treated with EVs-laden GelMA hydrogels shows significant recovery in cardiac function after 4 weeks. The work demonstrates a new strategy for delivering EVs into cardiac tissues for MI treatment in a localized manner with high retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Bram G Soliman
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 61004 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences Keck Graduate Institute Claremont CA 91711 USA
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Otago Christchurch 8011 New Zealand
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China
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Paoletti C, Marcello E, Melis ML, Divieto C, Nurzynska D, Chiono V. Cardiac Tissue-like 3D Microenvironment Enhances Route towards Human Fibroblast Direct Reprogramming into Induced Cardiomyocytes by microRNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050800. [PMID: 35269422 PMCID: PMC8909733 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of cardiac functionality after myocardial infarction represents a major clinical challenge. Recently, we found that transient transfection with microRNA combination (miRcombo: miR-1, miR-133, miR-208 and 499) is able to trigger direct reprogramming of adult human cardiac fibroblasts (AHCFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) in vitro. However, achieving efficient direct reprogramming still remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cardiac tissue-like biochemical and biophysical stimuli on direct reprogramming efficiency. Biomatrix (BM), a cardiac-like extracellular matrix (ECM), was produced by in vitro culture of AHCFs for 21 days, followed by decellularization. In a set of experiments, AHCFs were transfected with miRcombo and then cultured for 2 weeks on the surface of uncoated and BM-coated polystyrene (PS) dishes and fibrin hydrogels (2D hydrogel) or embedded into 3D fibrin hydrogels (3D hydrogel). Cell culturing on BM-coated PS dishes and in 3D hydrogels significantly improved direct reprogramming outcomes. Biochemical and biophysical cues were then combined in 3D fibrin hydrogels containing BM (3D BM hydrogel), resulting in a synergistic effect, triggering increased CM gene and cardiac troponin T expression in miRcombo-transfected AHCFs. Hence, biomimetic 3D culture environments may improve direct reprogramming of miRcombo-transfected AHCFs into iCMs, deserving further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Paoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Luna Melis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Divieto
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Division of Advanced Materials and Life Sciences, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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116
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Gokce C, Gurcan C, Delogu LG, Yilmazer A. 2D Materials for Cardiac Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:802551. [PMID: 35224044 PMCID: PMC8873146 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.802551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have a massive impact on human health. Due to the limited regeneration capacity of adult heart tissue, CVDs are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Even though there are surgical and pharmacological treatments for CVDs, regenerative strategies are the most promising approaches and have the potential to benefit millions of people. As in any other tissue engineering approach, the repair and regeneration of damaged cardiac tissues generally involve scaffolds made up of biodegradable and biocompatible materials, cellular components such as stem cells, and growth factors. This review provides an overview of biomaterial-based tissue engineering approaches for CVDs with a specific focus on the potential of 2D materials. It is essential to consider both physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties for evaluating the applicability of 2D materials in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration. As new members of the 2D materials will be explored, they will quickly become part of cardiac tissue engineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Gokce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Gurcan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Acelya Yilmazer
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117
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.
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118
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Li Y, Yang M, Tan J, Shen C, Deng S, Fu X, Gao S, Li H, Zhang X, Cai W. Targeting ACSL1 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. Life Sci 2022; 294:120371. [PMID: 35122795 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hearts have considerable regenerative potential within 7 days post birth (P7), but the rate of regeneration is extremely low after P7. Interestingly, lipid metabolism increases dramatically after P7. The similarities in these age profiles suggests a possible link between cardiac regeneration and lipid metabolism. Acyl CoA synthase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1) is the key enzyme that regulates lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify the role of ACSL1 in the regeneration of cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The uptake of fatty acids in hearts increased after P7; however, myocardial regeneration was decreased. We profiled an RNA-sequence array of hearts from mice of different ages, including E10.5 (embryonic stage)-, 3-, 7-, 21-, 30-, and 60-day-old mice, and found that the expression of ACSL1 was significantly increased after P7. By establishing ACSL1 knockdown mice with adeno-associated virus (AAV9). Then, we verified that knockdown of ACSL1 enhanced the capacity for myocardial regeneration both in mice and in primary cardiomyocytes. Indeed, ACSL1 knockdown in primary cardiomyocytes promoted the cell cycle progression from G0 to G2 phase by regulating specific factors, which may correlate with the activation of AKT by ACSL1 and withdrawal of FOXO1 from the nucleus. In vivo, knockdown of ACSL1 effectively restored cardiac function and myocardial regeneration in adult mice with myocardial infarction (MI). CONCLUSIONS ACSL1 possibly induces the loss of the myocardial regenerative potential beginning at P7 in mice, and inhibition of ACSL1 effectively promoted myocardial repair after MI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Conghui Shen
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinlu Fu
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Saifei Gao
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital & Guangdong Provincial Emergency Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weibin Cai
- Institute of Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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119
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Garry GA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Direct reprogramming as a route to cardiac repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 122:3-13. [PMID: 34246567 PMCID: PMC8738780 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide due to an inability of the heart to regenerate following injury. Thus, novel heart failure therapies aimed at promoting cardiomyocyte regeneration are desperately needed. In recent years, direct reprogramming of resident cardiac fibroblasts to induced cardiac-like myocytes (iCMs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to repurpose the fibrotic response of the injured heart toward a functional myocardium. Direct cardiac reprogramming was initially achieved through the overexpression of the transcription factors (TFs) Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT). However, this combination of TFs and other subsequent cocktails demonstrated limited success in reprogramming adult human and mouse fibroblasts, constraining the clinical translation of this therapy. Over the past decade, significant effort has been dedicated to optimizing reprogramming cocktails comprised of cardiac TFs, epigenetic factors, microRNAs, or small molecules to yield efficient cardiac cell fate conversion. Yet, efficient reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts remains a significant challenge. Underlying mechanisms identified to accelerate this process have been centered on epigenetic remodeling at cardiac gene regulatory regions. Further studies to achieve a refined understanding and directed means of overcoming epigenetic barriers are merited to more rapidly translate these promising therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glynnis A. Garry
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Correspondence: Eric N. Olson, Ph.D. 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9148, Tel: 214-648-1187,
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Cao GY, Yang C, Jin ZT, Wei HW, Xin C, Zheng CR, Xu JB, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Hu TH. FNDC5/irisin reduces ferroptosis and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic cardiomyocytes by Nrf2/HO-1 Axis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:723-736. [PMID: 35032153 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is characterized by cardiomyocyte death and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, has been found to play critical roles under ischemic conditions. Recently, several studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, protect the heart against injury. However, its protective effect on ferroptosis and mitochondrial impairments is still unclear. Thus, our aim was to investigate the role of irisin in ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. Cardiomyocytes were treated with FNDC5 overexpression and/or irisin under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Reactive oxygen species production was evaluated by dihydroethidium staining. In addition, the intracellular ferrous iron level (Fe2+ ) and the relative concentration of MDA and ATP content were determined using an iron assay kit, lipid peroxidation assay kit and ATP bioluminescent assay kit. The SOD level in cells was measured using an ELISA kit. Furthermore, an immunoblotting assay was used to determine ferroptosis-related mitochondrial proteins. Hypoxia promoted cell death, increased ferroptosis and caused mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, FNDC5 overexpression and/or irisin administration elevated cell viability, decreased ferroptosis and reversed mitochondrial impairments induced by hypoxia. Mechanistically, FNDC5/irisin reduced ferroptosis and reversed mitochondrial impairments by Nrf2/HO-1 axis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Thus, we have demonstrated that FNDC5/irisin plays a protective role in ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ying Cao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu,China; PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China.,Anshun People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Jin
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Wen Wei
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu,China; PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xin
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ji-Bing Xu
- Anshun People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Anshun People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao-Hong Hu
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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121
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Schoger E, Lelek S, Panáková D, Zelarayán LC. Tailoring Cardiac Synthetic Transcriptional Modulation Towards Precision Medicine. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:783072. [PMID: 35097003 PMCID: PMC8795974 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.783072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and genetic differences between individual cells within tissues underlie cellular heterogeneities defining organ physiology and function in homeostasis as well as in disease states. Transcriptional control of endogenous gene expression has been intensively studied for decades. Thanks to a fast-developing field of single cell genomics, we are facing an unprecedented leap in information available pertaining organ biology offering a comprehensive overview. The single-cell technologies that arose aided in resolving the precise cellular composition of many organ systems in the past years. Importantly, when applied to diseased tissues, the novel approaches have been immensely improving our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of common human diseases. With this information, precise prediction of regulatory elements controlling gene expression upon perturbations in a given cell type or a specific context will be realistic. Simultaneously, the technological advances in CRISPR-mediated regulation of gene transcription as well as their application in the context of epigenome modulation, have opened up novel avenues for targeted therapy and personalized medicine. Here, we discuss the fast-paced advancements during the recent years and the applications thereof in the context of cardiac biology and common cardiac disease. The combination of single cell technologies and the deep knowledge of fundamental biology of the diseased heart together with the CRISPR-mediated modulation of gene regulatory networks will be instrumental in tailoring the right strategies for personalized and precision medicine in the near future. In this review, we provide a brief overview of how single cell transcriptomics has advanced our knowledge and paved the way for emerging CRISPR/Cas9-technologies in clinical applications in cardiac biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schoger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sara Lelek
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Panáková
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Daniela Panáková
| | - Laura Cecilia Zelarayán
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells”, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Laura Cecilia Zelarayán
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Neef K, Drey F, Lepperhof V, Wahlers T, Hescheler J, Choi YH, Šarić T. Co-transplantation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Damage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:794690. [PMID: 35071360 PMCID: PMC8770928 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.794690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, survival and functional integration of transplanted iPS-CM is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. We hypothesized that paracrine effects of co-transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) augment the retention and therapeutic efficacy of iPS-CM in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). To test this, either iPS-CM, MSC, or both cell types were transplanted into the cryoinfarction border zone of syngeneic mice immediately after injury. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of iPS-CM did not confirm enhanced retention by co-application of MSC during the 28-day follow-up period. However, histological analyses of hearts 28 days after cell transplantation showed that MSC increased the fraction of animals with detectable iPS-CM by 2-fold. Cardiac MRI analyses showed that from day 14 after transplantation on, the animals that have received cells had a significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to the placebo group. There was no statistically significant difference in LVEF between animals transplanted only with iPS-CM or only with MSC. However, combined iPS-CM and MSC transplantation resulted in higher LVEF compared to transplantation of single-cell populations during the whole observation period. Histological analyses revealed that MSC increased the capillarization in the myocardium when transplanted alone or with iPS-CM and decreased the infarct scar area only when transplanted in combination with iPS-CM. These results indicate that co-transplantation of iPS-CM and MSC improves cardiac regeneration after cardiac damage, demonstrating the potential of combining multiple cell types for increasing the efficacy of future cardiac cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Drey
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Lepperhof
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wahlers
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yeong-Hoon Choi
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Kerckhoff Clinic Bad Nauheim, Kerckhoff Campus, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tomo Šarić
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tomo Šarić
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Sakabe M, Thompson M, Chen N, Verba M, Hassan A, Lu R, Xin M. Inhibition of β1-AR/Gαs signaling promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in juvenile mice through activation of RhoA-YAP axis. eLife 2022; 11:74576. [PMID: 36479975 PMCID: PMC9767473 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration potential of the mammalian heart is incredibly limited, as cardiomyocyte proliferation ceases shortly after birth. β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blockade has been shown to improve heart functions in response to injury; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we inhibited β-AR signaling in the heart using metoprolol, a cardio-selective β blocker for β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) to examine its role in heart maturation and regeneration in postnatal mice. We found that metoprolol enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation and promoted cardiac regeneration post myocardial infarction, resulting in reduced scar formation and improved cardiac function. Moreover, the increased cardiomyocyte proliferation was also induced by the genetic deletion of Gnas, the gene encoding G protein alpha subunit (Gαs), a downstream effector of β-AR. Genome wide transcriptome analysis revealed that the Hippo-effector YAP, which is associated with immature cardiomyocyte proliferation, was upregulated in the cardiomyocytes of β-blocker treated and Gnas cKO hearts. Moreover, the increased YAP activity is modulated by RhoA signaling. Our pharmacological and genetic studies reveal that β1-AR-Gαs-YAP signaling axis is involved in regulating postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. These results suggest that inhibiting β-AR-Gαs signaling promotes the regenerative capacity and extends the cardiac regenerative window in juvenile mice by activating YAP-mediated transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Sakabe
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Michael Thompson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Nong Chen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Mark Verba
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Aishlin Hassan
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
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Johnston PV, Raval AN, Henry TD, Traverse JH, Pepine CJ. Dare to dream? Cell-based therapies for heart failure after DREAM-HF: Review and roadmap for future clinical study. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:100118. [PMID: 38560073 PMCID: PMC10978179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Clinical trials of cell-based therapies for heart failure have resulted in significant strides forward in our understanding of the potential the failing heart has for regeneration and repair. Yet, two decades on, the need for novel cell-based therapies for heart failure has never been greater. The DREAM-HF trial, which was presented as a late-breaking trial at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021 did not meet the primary heart failure outcome, but did show a large, clinically significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients receiving cells, an effect that was most pronounced in patients with evidence of maladaptive inflammation. These results represent an important step forward in our understanding of how cell-based therapies can exert beneficial effects in patients with heart failure and should serve as a guide for future clinical efforts. In light of the results of DREAM-HF, this review serves to provide an understanding of the current state of cell-based therapies for heart failure, as well as to highlight major knowledge gaps and suggest guiding principles for clinical trials of cell therapy going forward. Using the knowledge gained from DREAM-HF along with the trials that preceded it, the potential for breakthrough cell-based therapies for heart failure in the coming decade is immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Amish N. Raval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jay H. Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbot Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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von Bibra C, Shibamiya A, Geertz B, Querdel E, Köhne M, Stuedemann T, Starbatty J, Schmidt FN, Hansen A, Hiebl B, Eschenhagen T, Weinberger F. Human engineered heart tissue transplantation in a guinea pig chronic injury model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Buja LM, Mitchell RN. Basic pathobiology of cell-based therapies and cardiac regenerative medicine. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ma S, Yan J, Chen L, Zhu Y, Chen K, Zheng C, Shen M, Liao Y. A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Cardiac Regeneration Over a 20-Year Period. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:789503. [PMID: 34966800 PMCID: PMC8710530 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.789503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent research has suggested that cardiac regeneration may have the widely applicable potential of treating heart failure (HF). A comprehensive understanding of the development status of this field is conducive to its development. However, no bibliometric analysis has summarized this field properly. We aimed to analyze cardiac regeneration-related literature over 20 years and provide valuable insights. Methods: Publications were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and alluvial generator were used to analyze and present the data. Results: The collected 11,700 publications showed an annually increasing trend. The United States and Harvard University were the leading force among all the countries and institutions. The majority of articles were published in Circulation Research, and Circulation was the most co-cited journal. According to co-citation analysis, burst detection and alluvial flow map, cardiomyocyte proliferation, stem cells, such as first-and second-generation, extracellular vesicles especially exosomes, direct cardiac reprogramming, macrophages, microRNAs, and inflammation have become more and more popular recently. Conclusions: Cardiac regeneration remains a research hotspot and develops rapidly. How to modify cardiac regeneration endogenously and exogenously may still be the hotspot in the future and should be discussed more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zou Y, Li L, Li Y, Chen S, Xie X, Jin X, Wang X, Ma C, Fan G, Wang W. Restoring Cardiac Functions after Myocardial Infarction-Ischemia/Reperfusion via an Exosome Anchoring Conductive Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56892-56908. [PMID: 34823355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both myocardial infarction (MI) and the follow-up reperfusion will lead to an inevitable injury to myocardial tissues, such as cardiac dysfunctions, fibrosis, and reduction of intercellular cell-to-cell interactions. Recently, exosomes (Exo) derived from stem cells have demonstrated a robust capability to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair. However, the short half-life of Exo and rapid clearance lead to insufficient therapeutic doses in the lesion area. Herein, an injectable conductive hydrogel is constructed to bind Exo derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to treat myocardial injuries after myocardial infarction-ischemia/reperfusion (MI-I/R). To this end, a hyperbranched epoxy macromer (EHBPE) grafted by an aniline tetramer (AT) was synthesized to cross-link thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) and thiolated Exo anchoring a CP05 peptide via an epoxy/thiol "click" reaction. The resulting Gel@Exo composite system possesses multiple features, such as controllable gelation kinetics, shear-thinning injectability, conductivity matching the native myocardium, soft and dynamic stability adapting to heartbeats, and excellent cytocompatibility. After being injected into injured hearts of rats, the hydrogel effectively prolongs the retention of Exo in the ischemic myocardium. The cardiac functions have been considerably improved by Gel@Exo administration, as indicated by the enhancing ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and reducing fibrosis area. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results demonstrate that the expression of cardiac-related proteins (Cx43, Ki67, CD31, and α-SMA) and genes (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, vWF, TGF-β1, MMP-9, and Serca2a) are remarkably upregulated. The conductive Gel@Exo system can significantly improve cell-to-cell interactions, promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and result in a prominent therapeutic effect on MI-I/R, providing a promising therapeutic method for injured myocardial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xianhua Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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Yu H, Commander CW, Stavas JM. Stem Cell-Based Therapies: What Interventional Radiologists Need to Know. Semin Intervent Radiol 2021; 38:523-534. [PMID: 34853498 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the basic units of biological organization, stem cells and their progenitors are essential for developing and regenerating organs and tissue systems using their unique self-renewal capability and differentiation potential into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are consistently present throughout the entire human development, from the zygote to adulthood. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in biology, genetics, and biotechnology to develop stem cell-based therapies using embryonic and adult autologous or allogeneic stem cells for diseases without therapies or difficult to treat. Stem cell-based therapies require optimum administration of stem cells into damaged organs to promote structural regeneration and improve function. Maximum clinical efficacy is highly dependent on the successful delivery of stem cells to the target tissue. Direct image-guided locoregional injections into target tissues offer an option to increase therapeutic outcomes. Interventional radiologists have the opportunity to perform a key role in delivering stem cells more efficiently using minimally invasive techniques. This review discusses the types and sources of stem cells and the current clinical applications of stem cell-based therapies. In addition, the regulatory considerations, logistics, and potential roles of interventional Radiology are also discussed with the review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,ProKidney LLC, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Clayton W Commander
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph M Stavas
- Department of Radiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
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Wang Q, Fu W, Yu X, Xu H, Sui D, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg2 alleviates myocardial fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:106-113. [PMID: 33535854 PMCID: PMC8871615 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1867197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) has cardioprotective effects. Ginsenosides are responsible for most of the pharmacological activities of ginseng. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on myocardial fibrosis in myocardial ischaemia rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control, isoproterenol, ginsenoside Rg2 (5, 20 mg/kg) groups (n = 8). The rats were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (5 mg/kg) or normal saline (control group) once daily for 7 days. The animals were intragastrically treated with ginsenoside Rg2 or 0.5% CMC-Na (control and isoproterenol groups) daily for 28 days. At day 28, cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with myocardial ischaemic rats, ginsenoside Rg2 at doses of 5, 20 mg/kg abated partially the augment of LVEDP (8.9 ± 1.3 vs. 7.5 ± 0.7, 7.2 ± 1.0 mmHg) and the decreases of the LVSP (96.75 ± 13.2 vs. 118.3 ± 19.4, 124.3 ± 21.3 mmHg), the + dp/dt (2142.8 ± 309.3 vs. 2598.6 ± 404.0, 2661.5 ± 445.2 mmHg/s), and the -dp/dt (1996.3 ± 306.3 vs. 2476.6 ± 289.7, 2509.6 ± 353.1 mmHg/s). Ginsenoside Rg2 (9.2 ± 0.9%, 8.5 ± 0.8%) alleviated myocardial fibrosis when compared with the isoproterenol group (10.1 ± 1.0%), which was accompanied by suppressed TGF-β1/Smad signalling in heart tissues. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenosides from ginseng possess the property of alleviating myocardial fibrosis, improving cardiac function after myocardial ischaemia. Ginsenosides may be promising agents for improving the outcomes of patients with myocardial ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yeling Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Isosteviol improves cardiac function and promotes angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in rats. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:275-285. [PMID: 34820705 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol has been indicated as a cardiomyocyte protector. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we sought to confirm the protective effect of isosteviol after myocardial infarction in a model of permanent coronary artery occlusion and investigate the potential proangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. A 4-week permanent coronary artery occlusion rat model was generated, and the protective effect of isosteviol was evaluated by echocardiographic imaging and hemodynamics assays. The coronary capillary density was tested by immunochemistry and micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging. The effect of isosteviol on endothelial cells was determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and Tg (kdrl: EGFP) zebrafish in vivo. We also examined the expression of related transcription factors by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Isosteviol increased ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), cardiac systolic index (CI), maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (Max dp/dt), and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) by 32%, 40%, 25%, 26%, and 10%, respectively, in permanent coronary artery occlusion rats. Interestingly, it also promoted coronary capillary density by 2.5-fold. In addition, isosteviol promoted the proliferation and branching of HUVECs in vitro. It also rescued intersegmental vessel (ISV) development and improved endothelial cell proliferation by approximately fivefold (4-6) in zebrafish embryos in vivo. Isosteviol also upregulated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in zebrafish by fourfold and 3.5-fold, respectively. Our findings suggest that isosteviol is a proangiogenic agent and that this activity is related to its protective effects against myocardial ischemia. After using the permanent coronary artery occlusion model, we demonstrated that isosteviol promotes angiogenesis directly and increases capillary density in myocardial ischemia rats. Isosteviol promotes angiogenesis in zebrafish in vivo and increases vascular endothelial cell proliferation in HUVECs and zebrafish. The angiogenesis activity of isosteviol may be correlated with VEGFA and HIF-1α signaling.
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Ding Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Han X, Chen Y, Ge Y, Mao Z, Wang W. Cell-derived extracellular vesicles and membranes for tissue repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:368. [PMID: 34789267 PMCID: PMC8600774 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have a limited postinjury regenerative ability. Therefore, cell-derived biomaterials have long been utilized for tissue repair. Cells with multipotent differentiation potential, such as stem cells, have been administered to patients for the treatment of various diseases. Researchers expected that these cells would mediate tissue repair and regeneration through their multipotency. However, increasing evidence has suggested that in most stem cell therapies, the paracrine effect but not cell differentiation or regeneration is the major driving force of tissue repair. Additionally, ethical and safety problems have limited the application of stem cell therapies. Therefore, nonliving cell-derived techniques such as extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy and cell membrane-based therapy to fulfil the unmet demand for tissue repair are important. Nonliving cell-derived biomaterials are safer and more controllable, and their efficacy is easier to enhance through bioengineering approaches. Here, we described the development and evolution from cell therapy to EV therapy and cell membrane-based therapy for tissue repair. Furthermore, the latest advances in nonliving cell-derived therapies empowered by advanced engineering techniques are emphatically reviewed, and their potential and challenges in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu H, Cai A, Li Z, Ma H, Fan L, Ma J, Zhao D. MicroRNA-204 Attenuates Oxidative Damage in Cardiac Stem Cell Through Regulation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell (BMSC) Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (exo) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are known to promote cell growth through delivering multiple kinds of bioactive molecule including microRNAs (miR-NAs). This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying miR-204 secreted by exo interacting oxidative
damage of cardiac stem cell (CSCs). Exosomes were extracted from BMSCs (BMSC-exo) and characterized by immunofluorescence and electron microscope, while BMSC-exo were internalized by CSCs. ARS and ALP staining confirmed the mineralization of BMSCs and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation
of BMSCs. Then BMSCs were cultured in ordinary culture medium (OM) and normal medium. RT-qPCR identified miR-204 level in BMSCs disposed by OM was about five times as that of controls. miR-204 was up-regulated in the osteogenic differentiation of CSCs. Functional experiment revealed up-regulation
of miR-204 inhibited the BMSC adipogenic differentiation with decreased ROS and MDA expression and elevated SOD level in the CSCs. Treatment with BMSC-exos or miR-204 up-regulation alleviated oxidative damage of CSCs. Collectively, miR-204 attenuates the oxidative damage of CSCs through regulating
BMSC adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Ansheng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Haifang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Limiung Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
| | - Danhua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, 056000, China
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Hemin enhances the cardioprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against infarction via amelioration of cardiomyocyte senescence. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:332. [PMID: 34674708 PMCID: PMC8532335 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction (MI). Our previous study showed that pretreatment with hemin, a potent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer, enhanced the cardioprotective effects of MSCs in a mouse model of MI. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of EXO derived from hemin-pretreated MSCs (Hemin-MSC-EXO) in MI and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS MSC-EXO and Hemin-MSC-EXO were collected and characterized. MSC-EXO and Hemin-MSC-EXO were intramuscularly injected into the peri-infarct region in a mouse model of MI. Heart function of mice was assessed by echocardiography. The mitochondrial morphology of neonatal mice cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) under serum deprivation and hypoxic (SD/H) conditions was examined by Mitotracker staining. The cellular senescence of NMCMs was determined by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase assay. A loss-of-function approach was adopted to determine the role of Hemin-MSC-exosomal-miR-183-5p in the regulation of cardiomyocyte senescence RESULTS: EXO were successfully isolated from the supernatant of MSCs and Hemin-pretreated MSCs. Compared with MSC-EXO, injection of Hemin-MSC-EXO significantly improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis. Both MSC-EXO and Hemin-MSC-EXO ameliorated cardiomyocyte senescence and mitochondrial fission in vitro and in vivo, and the latter exhibited better protective effects. MicroRNA sequencing revealed a higher level of miR-183-5p in Hemin-MSC-EXO than in MSC-EXO. MiR-183-5p knockdown partially abrogated the protective effects of Hemin-MSC-EXO in attenuating mitochondrial fission and cellular senescence of cardiomyocytes induced by SD/H. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) abundance was lower in Hemin-MSC-EXO-treated than MSC-EXO-treated mouse hearts, and HMGB1 was identified as one of the potential target genes of miR-183-5p. Mechanistically, Hemin-MSC-EXO inhibited SD/H-induced cardiomyocyte senescence partially by delivering miR-183-5p into recipient cardiomyocytes via regulation of the HMGB1/ERK pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-183-5p reduced the Hemin-MSC-EXO-mediated cardioprotective effects in a mouse model of MI. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that Hemin-MSC-EXO are superior to MSC-EXO in treating MI. Exosomal miR-183-5p mediates, at least partially, the cardioprotective effects of Hemin-MSC-EXO by inhibiting cardiomyocyte senescence via regulation of the HMGB1/ERK pathway. This study highlights that MSC-EXO have high translational value in repairing cardiac dysfunction following infarction.
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Li M, zheng H, Han Y, Chen Y, Li B, Chen G, Chen X, Huang S, He X, Wei G, Xu T, Feng X, Liao W, Liao Y, Chen Y, Bin J. LncRNA Snhg1-driven self-reinforcing regulatory network promoted cardiac regeneration and repair after myocardial infarction. Theranostics 2021; 11:9397-9414. [PMID: 34646377 PMCID: PMC8490501 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Most current cardiac regeneration approaches result in very limited cell division and little new cardiomyocyte (CM) mass. Positive feedback loops are vital for cell division, but their role in CM regeneration remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether the lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 Snhg1 (Snhg1) could form a positive feedback loop with c-Myc to induce cardiac regeneration. Methods: Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization experiments were performed to determine the Snhg1 expression patterns in fetal and myocardial infarction (MI) hearts. Gain- and Loss-of-function assays were conducted to explore the effect of Snhg1 on cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and cardiac repair following MI. We further constructed CM-specific Snhg1 knockout mice to confirm the proliferative effect exerted by Snhg1 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. RNA sequencing and RNA pulldown were performed to explore how Snhg1 mediated cardiac regeneration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were used to demonstrate the positive feedback loop between Snhg1 and c-Myc. Results: Snhg1 expression was increased in human and mouse fetal and myocardial infarction (MI) hearts, particularly in CMs. Overexpression of Snhg1 promoted CM proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibited CM apoptosis after myocardial infarction, which further improved post-MI cardiac function. Antagonism of Snhg1 in early postnatal mice inhibited CM proliferation and impaired cardiac repair after MI. Mechanistically, Snhg1 directly bound to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and induced PTEN degradation, activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway to promote CM proliferation. The c-Myc protein, one of downstream targets of PI3K/AKT signaling, functioned as a transcription factor by binding to the promoter regions of Snhg1. Perturbation of the positive feedback between Snhg1 and c-Myc by mutation of the binding sequence significantly affected Snhg1-induced CM proliferation. Conclusions: Snhg1 effectively elicited CM proliferation and improved cardiac function post-MI by forming a positive feedback loop with c-Myc to sustain PI3K/Akt signaling activation, and thus may be a promising cardiac regeneration strategy in treating heart failure post-MI.
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METTL3 improves cardiomyocyte proliferation upon myocardial infarction via upregulating miR-17-3p in a DGCR8-dependent manner. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:291. [PMID: 34645805 PMCID: PMC8514505 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), one of the most severe types of heart attack, exerts a strong negative effect on heart muscle by causing a massive and rapid loss of cardiomyocytes. However, the existing therapies do little to improve cardiac regeneration. Due to the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in the physiological proliferation of cardiomyocytes, we aimed to determine whether METTL3 could also promote cardiomyocyte proliferation under pathological conditions and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The effects of METTL3 on cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis were investigated in an in vivo rat model of MI and in an in vitro model of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) exposed to hypoxia. We found that METTL3 expression was downregulated in hypoxia-exposed NRCMs and MI-induced rats. Furthermore, METTL3 pretreatment enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxic or MI conditions, and silencing METTL3 had the opposite effects. Additionally, METTL3 overexpression upregulated miR-17-3p expression. The miR-17-3p agomir mimicked the pro-proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of METTL3 in hypoxia-exposed cells or rats with MI, while the miR-17-3p antagomir blocked these effects. Additionally, pretreatment with the RNA-binding protein DGCR8 also hampered the protective role of METTL3 in hypoxia-exposed cells. Overall, the current study indicated that METTL3 could improve cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequently ameliorate MI in rats by upregulating proliferation-related miR-17-3p in a DGCR8-dependent pri-miRNA-processing manner.
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Li T, Shi C, Jin F, Yang F, Gu L, Wang T, Dong W, Feng ZQ. Cell activity modulation and its specific function maintenance by bioinspired electromechanical nanogenerator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2350. [PMID: 34559554 PMCID: PMC8462902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as a three-dimensional (3D) network and bioelectricity, have a profound influence on cell development, migration, function expression, etc. Here, inspired by these biophysical cues of ECM, we develop an electromechanical coupling bio-nanogenerator (bio-NG) composed of highly discrete piezoelectric fibers. It can generate surface piezopotential up to millivolts by cell inherent force and thus provide in situ electrical stimulation for the living cells. Besides, the unique 3D space in the bio-NGs provides an ECM-like growth microenvironment for cells. As a result, our bio-NGs effectively promote cell viability and development and, more importantly, maintain its specific functional expression. These advanced in vitro bio-NGs are expected to fill the gap between the inaccurate 2D systems and the expensive and time-consuming animal models, mimicking the complexity of the ECM and the physiological relevance of an in vivo biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chuanmei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Long Gu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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Huang F, Yang R, Xiao Z, Xie Y, Lin X, Zhu P, Zhou P, Lu J, Zheng S. Targeting Ferroptosis to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases: A New Continent to Be Explored. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737971. [PMID: 34527678 PMCID: PMC8435746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, vascular injury, stroke, and arrhythmia, are correlated with cardiac and vascular cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death which is characterized by an iron-driven accumulation of lethal lipid hydroperoxides. The initiation and execution of ferroptosis are under the control of several mechanisms, including iron metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and lipid peroxidation. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that ferroptosis can play an essential role in the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Recent researches have shown the ferroptosis inhibitors, iron chelators, genetic manipulations, and antioxidants can alleviate myocardial injury by blocking ferroptosis pathway. In this review, we systematically described the mechanisms of ferroptosis and discussed the role of ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangze Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Valizadeh A, Asghari S, Mansouri P, Alemi F, Majidinia M, Mahmoodpoor A, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in cardiac regeneration. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2142-2166. [PMID: 34521319 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge of cardiac regeneration mechanisms has dramatically expanded. Regeneration can replace lost parts of organs, common among animal species. The heart is commonly considered an organ with terminal development, which has no reparability potential during post-natal life; however, some intrinsic regeneration capacity has been reported for cardiac muscle, which opens novel avenues in cardiovascular disease treatment. Different endogenous mechanisms were studied for cardiac repairing and regeneration in recent decades. Survival, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell-cell communication, cardiomyogenesis, and anti-aging pathways are the most important mechanisms that have been studied in this regard. Several in vitro and animal model studies focused on proliferation induction for cardiac regeneration reported promising results. These studies have mainly focused on promoting proliferation signaling pathways and demonstrated various signaling pathways such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt, IGF-1, TGF-β, Hippo, and VEGF signaling cardiac regeneration. Therefore, in this review, we intended to discuss the connection between different critical signaling pathways in cardiac repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Samira Asghari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Parinaz Mansouri
- Students Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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Employing Extracellular Matrix-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Age-Dependent Tissue Degenerations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179367. [PMID: 34502277 PMCID: PMC8431718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues and organs are not composed of solely cellular components; instead, they converge with an extracellular matrix (ECM). The composition and function of the ECM differ depending on tissue types. The ECM provides a microenvironment that is essential for cellular functionality and regulation. However, during aging, the ECM undergoes significant changes along with the cellular components. The ECM constituents are over- or down-expressed, degraded, and deformed in senescence cells. ECM aging contributes to tissue dysfunction and failure of stem cell maintenance. Aging is the primary risk factor for prevalent diseases, and ECM aging is directly or indirectly correlated to it. Hence, rejuvenation strategies are necessitated to treat various age-associated symptoms. Recent rejuvenation strategies focus on the ECM as the basic biomaterial for regenerative therapies, such as tissue engineering. Modified and decellularized ECMs can be used to substitute aged ECMs and cell niches for culturing engineered tissues. Various tissue engineering approaches, including three-dimensional bioprinting, enable cell delivery and the fabrication of transplantable engineered tissues by employing ECM-based biomaterials.
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Kim Y, Zharkinbekov Z, Sarsenova M, Yeltay G, Saparov A. Recent Advances in Gene Therapy for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9206. [PMID: 34502115 PMCID: PMC8431496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for enormous socio-economic impact and the highest mortality globally. The standard of care for CVDs, which includes medications and surgical interventions, in most cases, can delay but not prevent the progression of disease. Gene therapy has been considered as a potential therapy to improve the outcomes of CVDs as it targets the molecular mechanisms implicated in heart failure. Cardiac reprogramming, therapeutic angiogenesis using growth factors, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic therapies are the modalities of cardiac gene therapy that have led to promising results in preclinical studies. Despite the benefits observed in animal studies, the attempts to translate them to humans have been inconsistent so far. Low concentration of the gene product at the target site, incomplete understanding of the molecular pathways of the disease, selected gene delivery method, difference between animal models and humans among others are probable causes of the inconsistent results in clinics. In this review, we discuss the most recent applications of the aforementioned gene therapy strategies to improve cardiac tissue regeneration in preclinical and clinical studies as well as the challenges associated with them. In addition, we consider ongoing gene therapy clinical trials focused on cardiac regeneration in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.K.); (Z.Z.); (M.S.); (G.Y.)
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Nobiletin Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction via Activating PPAR γ and PGC1 α. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:9947656. [PMID: 34422028 PMCID: PMC8373512 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9947656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods C57BL/6 mice were treated with coronary artery ligation to generate an MI model, followed by treatment for 3 weeks with NOB (50 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (50 mg/kg/d), with or without the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor T0070907 (1 mg/kg/d). Cardiac function (echocardiography, survival rate, Evans blue, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining), fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot (WB)), hypertrophy (haematoxylin-eosin staining, wheat germ agglutinin staining, and qRT-PCR), and apoptosis (WB and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining) were evaluated. Hypoxia-induced apoptosis (TUNEL, WB) and phenylephrine- (PE-) induced pathological hypertrophy (immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR) models were established in primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). The effects of NOB with or without T0070907 were examined for the expression of PPARγ and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) by WB in mice and NRVMs. The potential downstream effectors of PPARγ were further analyzed by WB in mice. Results Following MI in mice, NOB intervention enhanced cardiac function across three predominant dimensions of pathological cardiac remodeling, which reflected in decreasing cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy decompensation. NOB intervention also alleviated apoptosis and hypertrophy in NRVMs. NOB intervention upregulated PPARγ and PGC1α in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the PPARγ inhibitor abolished the protective effects of NOB against pathological cardiac remodeling during the progression from MI to CHF. The potential downstream effectors of PPARγ were nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Conclusions Our findings suggested that NOB alleviates pathological cardiac remodeling after MI via PPARγ and PGC1α upregulation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure remains a major public health concern with high burden of morbidity and mortality despite advances in pharmacotherapy, device therapy, and surgical and percutaneous techniques. Cardiac regeneration may have a role to play in these patients with a huge unmet need for these therapies in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, post-infarct heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we focus on the pre-clinical and translational basis for different modes of cardiac regenerative medicine and then critically appraise the clinical evidence amassed from pivotal clinical trials focused on cardiac regeneration for ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Cardiac regenerative medicine is rapidly evolving with novel approaches involving cell-based, cell-free, tissue engineering, and hybrid therapies to achieve myocardial regeneration and repair. Further studies are warranted with a robust comparison arm with optimal contemporary medical therapy to translate regenerative therapies to a clinical reality.
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144
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Roshanbinfar K, Esser TU, Engel FB. Stem Cells and Their Cardiac Derivatives for Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:143-162. [PMID: 32993354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Heart failure is among the leading causes of morbidity worldwide with a 5-year mortality rate of ∼50%. Therefore, major efforts are invested to reduce heart damage upon injury or maintain and at best restore heart function. Recent Advances: In clinical trials, acellular constructs succeeded in improving cardiac function by stabilizing the infarcted heart. In addition, strategies utilizing stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes have been developed to improve heart function postmyocardial infarction in small and large animal models. These strategies range from injection of cell-laden hydrogels to unstructured hydrogel-based and complex biofabricated cardiac patches. Importantly, novel methods have been developed to promote differentiation of stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes to prevascularized cardiac patches. Critical Issues: Despite substantial progress in vascularization strategies for heart-on-the-chip technologies, little advance has been made in generating vascularized cardiac patches with clinically relevant dimensions. In addition, proper electrical coupling between engineered and host tissue to prevent and/or eliminate arrhythmia remains an unresolved issue. Finally, despite advanced approaches to include hierarchical structures in cardiac tissues, engineered tissues do not generate forces in the range of native adult cardiac tissue. Future Directions: It involves utilizing novel materials and advancing biofabrication strategies to generate prevascularized three-dimensional multicellular constructs of clinical relevant size; inclusion of hierarchical structures, electroconductive materials, and biologically active factors to enhance cardiomyocyte differentiation for optimized force generation and vascularization; optimization of bioreactor strategies for tissue maturation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 143-162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilman U Esser
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, MURCE, Erlangen, Germany
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145
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Bae J, Paltzer WG, Mahmoud AI. The Role of Metabolism in Heart Failure and Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:702920. [PMID: 34336958 PMCID: PMC8322239 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.702920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. The inability of the adult mammalian heart to regenerate following injury results in the development of systolic heart failure. Thus, identifying novel approaches toward regenerating the adult heart has enormous therapeutic potential for adult heart failure. Mitochondrial metabolism is an essential homeostatic process for maintaining growth and survival. The emerging role of mitochondrial metabolism in controlling cell fate and function is beginning to be appreciated. Recent evidence suggests that metabolism controls biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, which has profound implications during development and regeneration. The regenerative potential of the mammalian heart is lost by the first week of postnatal development when cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated. This inability to regenerate following injury is correlated with the metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation that occurs during heart maturation in the postnatal heart. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate cardiac metabolism is key to unlocking metabolic interventions during development, disease, and regeneration. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of metabolism in cardiac development and regeneration and discuss the potential of targeting metabolism for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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146
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Kharbikar BN, Chendke GS, Desai TA. Modulating the foreign body response of implants for diabetes treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:87-113. [PMID: 33484736 PMCID: PMC8217111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels due to patients' inability to produce sufficient insulin. Current interventions often require implants that can detect and correct high blood glucose levels with minimal patient intervention. However, these implantable technologies have not reached their full potential in vivo due to the foreign body response and subsequent development of fibrosis. Therefore, for long-term function of implants, modulating the initial immune response is crucial in preventing the activation and progression of the immune cascade. This review discusses the different molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions involved in the activation and progression of foreign body response (FBR) and fibrosis, specifically for implants used in diabetes. We also highlight the various strategies and techniques that have been used for immunomodulation and prevention of fibrosis. We investigate how these general strategies have been applied to implants used for the treatment of diabetes, offering insights on how these devices can be further modified to circumvent FBR and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gauree S Chendke
- University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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147
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Standardized Methodologies to Utilize Exosome Treatment as Potential Nano Substances in Hearing Loss. JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEARING AND BALANCE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ohbm2020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies on the mechanism and clinical application of stem cell-derived exosomes have increased. Although the number of patients with hearing loss is increasing, there is no ideal therapy for the recovery of auditory cells of an independent organ in humans. In this review, we proposed the use of stem cell-derived exosomes for treating hearing loss and summarized the exosome research strategy platform for preclinical studies. It is necessary to select a research direction to assess direct or indirect effects on recipients based on the physiological mechanisms of exosomes that deliver useful molecules (called payloads) to recipient cells or tissues. To apply exosomes in the auditory field, researchers should select a model for assessing the toxicity to the auditory cells and analyzing their mechanisms in the recipient tissue. Such in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models have been designed and reported in previous studies. The analytical strategies in various models can evaluate the mechanism of exosomes based on exosome surface markers or the payload, thus helping the researchers in finding evidence regarding the efficacy of exosomes. Here, we propose three strategies for exosome application research in the auditory field.
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148
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Sakaguchi A, Kimura W. Metabolic regulation of cardiac regeneration: roles of hypoxia, energy homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 70:54-60. [PMID: 34130066 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart cannot regenerate after myocardial injury because most cardiomyocytes lack the ability to proliferate. In contrast, cardiomyocytes of vertebrates such as zebrafish and urodele amphibians, but also those of fetal and early neonatal mammals, maintain the ability to proliferate and therefore support regeneration of injured tissue and recovery of cardiac function. Whether evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanisms of cardiomyocyte proliferation exist and, if so, whether they are modifiable to allow cardiac regeneration in adult mammals are questions of great scientific and medical interest. Environmental hypoxia, hypoxia-induced cellular signaling, and mitochondrial metabolism have recently emerged as key regulators of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle and cardiac regeneration in vertebrates. In this review, we address the cardiac regenerative capacity of several model animals and discuss potential strategies related to hypoxia and mitochondrial metabolism for induction of therapeutic heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Sakaguchi
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystem Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0043, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystem Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0043, Japan.
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149
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Chingale M, Zhu D, Cheng K, Huang K. Bioengineering Technologies for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:681705. [PMID: 34150737 PMCID: PMC8209515 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.681705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative medicine faces big challenges such as a lack of adult cardiac stem cells, low turnover of mature cardiomyocytes, and difficulty in therapeutic delivery to the injured heart. The interaction of bioengineering and cardiac regenerative medicine offers innovative solutions to this field. For example, cell reprogramming technology has been applied by both direct and indirect routes to generate patient-specific cardiomyocytes. Various viral and non-viral vectors have been utilized for gene editing to intervene gene expression patterns during the cardiac remodeling process. Cell-derived protein factors, exosomes, and miRNAs have been isolated and delivered through engineered particles to overcome many innate limitations of live cell therapy. Protein decoration, antibody modification, and platelet membranes have been used for targeting and precision medicine. Cardiac patches have been used for transferring therapeutics with better retention and integration. Other technologies such as 3D printing and 3D culture have been used to create replaceable cardiac tissue. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in bioengineering and biotechnologies for cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Chingale
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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150
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Park DJ, Seo YJ. Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Payload Changes for Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:485-497. [PMID: 34050888 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of tissue regeneration and tissue engineering, many years ago, various nano to macroscopic-sized materials have been used to reduce inflammation and restore damaged tissue. Whether it is safe to study the regeneration of all tissues based on the biological mechanisms of an organism composed of cells is still debated, and studies using extracellular vesicles derived from cells have become popular in the past decade. It has been reported that exosomes with a size of 100 nm or less, which plays an important role in cell-cell communication, contain various factors, such as proliferation, anti-inflammatory, and growth factors. In addition, the payload of exosomes varies depending on the parent cell and the recipient cell, and a technology to differentiate the selective payload must treat specific diseases. In this review, we examined the current trends in research using exosomes derived from cells or tissues and analyzed various research reports on factors that can affect tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 212 Dickinson Street, MC 8236, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea.,Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea. .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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