101
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Mocking RJT, Naviaux JC, Li K, Wang L, Monk JM, Bright AT, Figueroa CA, Schene AH, Ruhé HG, Assies J, Naviaux RK. Metabolic features of recurrent major depressive disorder in remission, and the risk of future recurrence. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33431800 PMCID: PMC7801396 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) is a relapsing-remitting disease with high morbidity and a 5-year risk of recurrence of up to 80%. This was a prospective pilot study to examine the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of targeted plasma metabolomics in the care of patients with rMDD in remission. We used an established LC-MS/MS platform to measure 399 metabolites in 68 subjects with rMDD (n = 45 females and 23 males) in antidepressant-free remission and 59 age- and sex-matched controls (n = 40 females and 19 males). Patients were then followed prospectively for 2.5 years. Metabolomics explained up to 43% of the phenotypic variance. The strongest biomarkers were gender specific. 80% of the metabolic predictors of recurrence in both males and females belonged to 6 pathways: (1) phospholipids, (2) sphingomyelins, (3) glycosphingolipids, (4) eicosanoids, (5) microbiome, and (6) purines. These changes traced to altered mitochondrial regulation of cellular redox, signaling, energy, and lipid metabolism. Metabolomics identified a chemical endophenotype that could be used to stratify rrMDD patients at greatest risk for recurrence with an accuracy over 0.90 (95%CI = 0.69-1.0). Power calculations suggest that a validation study of at least 198 females and 198 males (99 cases and 99 controls each) will be needed to confirm these results. Although a small study, these results are the first to show the potential utility of metabolomics in assisting with the important clinical challenge of prospectively identifying the patients at greatest risk of recurrence of a depressive episode and those who are at lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - A Taylor Bright
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Colt Neck Labs, 838 E High St 202., Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Caroline A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Assies
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
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102
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Anderson G, Maes M. Mitochondria and immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109976. [PMID: 32470498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the pathophysiology and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could be considerably improved. The heterogeneity of ME/CFS and the confusion over its classification have undoubtedly contributed to this, although this would seem a consequence of the complexity of the array of ME/CFS presentations and high levels of diverse comorbidities. This article reviews the biological underpinnings of ME/CFS presentations, including the interacting roles of the gut microbiome/permeability, endogenous opioidergic system, immune cell mitochondria, autonomic nervous system, microRNA-155, viral infection/re-awakening and leptin as well as melatonin and the circadian rhythm. This details not only relevant pathophysiological processes and treatment options, but also highlights future research directions. Due to the complexity of interacting systems in ME/CFS pathophysiology, clarification as to its biological underpinnings is likely to considerably contribute to the understanding and treatment of other complex and poorly managed conditions, including fibromyalgia, depression, migraine, and dementia. The gut and immune cell mitochondria are proposed to be two important hubs that interact with the circadian rhythm in driving ME/CFS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, UK.
| | - M Maes
- Dept Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dept Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.; IMPACT Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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103
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Lo CJ, Ko YS, Chang SW, Tang HY, Huang CY, Huang YC, Ho HY, Lin CM, Cheng ML. Metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss in an elderly Taiwanese population. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:944-956. [PMID: 33410783 PMCID: PMC7834982 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify the association between metabolites and muscle mass in 305 elderly Taiwanese subjects, we conducted a multivariate analysis of 153 plasma samples. Based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) quartiles, female and male participants were divided into four groups. Quartile 4 (Men: 5.67±0.35, Women: 4.70±0.32 Kg/m2) and quartile 1 (Men: 7.60±0.29, Women: 6.56±0.53 Kg/m2) represented low muscle mass and control groups, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, except for physical function, we found that blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and age were associated with ASMI in men. However, only triglyceride level was related to ASMI in women. The multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze in each baseline characteristic and metabolite concentration. After the adjustment, we identify amino acid-related metabolites and show that glutamate levels in women and alpha-aminoadipate, Dopa, and citrulline/ornithine levels in men are gender-specific metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shien Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Su-Wei Chang
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Division of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.,Department of Health Management, Chang Gung Health and Culture Village, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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104
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The Prospects of the Two-Day Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) in ME/CFS Patients: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124040. [PMID: 33327624 PMCID: PMC7765094 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is problematic due to the lack of established objective measurements. Postexertional malaise (PEM) is a hallmark of ME/CFS, and the two-day cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has been tested as a tool to assess functional impairment in ME/CFS patients. This study aimed to estimate the potential of the CPET. METHODS We reviewed studies of the two-day CPET and meta-analyzed the differences between ME/CFS patients and controls regarding four parameters: volume of oxygen consumption and level of workload at peak (VO2peak, Workloadpeak) and at ventilatory threshold (VO2@VT, Workload@VT). RESULTS The overall mean values of all parameters were lower on the 2nd day of the CPET than the 1st in ME/CFS patients, while it increased in the controls. From the meta-analysis, the difference between patients and controls was highly significant at Workload@VT (overall mean: -10.8 at Test 1 vs. -33.0 at Test 2, p < 0.05), which may reflect present the functional impairment associated with PEM. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the potential of the two-day CPET to serve as an objective assessment of PEM in ME/CFS patients. Further clinical trials are required to validate this tool compared to other fatigue-inducing disorders, including depression, using well-designed large-scale studies.
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105
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Associations between untargeted plasma metabolomic signatures and gut microbiota composition in the Milieu Intérieur population of healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:982-992. [PMID: 33298217 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Host-microbial co-metabolism products are being increasingly recognised to play important roles in physiological processes. However, studies undertaking a comprehensive approach to consider host-microbial metabolic relationships remain scarce. Metabolomic analysis yielding detailed information regarding metabolites found in a given biological compartment holds promise for such an approach. This work aimed to explore the associations between host plasma metabolomic signatures and gut microbiota composition in healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur study. For 846 subjects, gut microbiota composition was profiled through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in stools. Metabolomic signatures were generated through proton NMR analysis of plasma. The associations between metabolomic variables and α- and β-diversity indexes and relative taxa abundances were tested using multi-adjusted partial Spearman correlations, permutational ANOVA and multivariate associations with linear models, respectively. A multiple testing correction was applied (Benjamini-Hochberg, 10 % false discovery rate). Microbial richness was negatively associated with lipid-related signals and positively associated with amino acids, choline, creatinine, glucose and citrate (-0·133 ≤ Spearman's ρ ≤ 0·126). Specific associations between metabolomic signals and abundances of taxa were detected (twenty-five at the genus level and nineteen at the species level): notably, numerous associations were observed for creatinine (positively associated with eleven species and negatively associated with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). This large-scale population-based study highlights metabolites associated with gut microbial features and provides new insights into the understanding of complex host-gut microbiota metabolic relationships. In particular, our results support the implication of a 'gut-kidney axis'. More studies providing a detailed exploration of these complex interactions and their implications for host health are needed.
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106
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Raijmakers RPH, Roerink ME, Jansen AFM, Keijmel SP, Gacesa R, Li Y, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Netea MG, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Xu CJ. Multi-omics examination of Q fever fatigue syndrome identifies similarities with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Transl Med 2020; 18:448. [PMID: 33243243 PMCID: PMC7690002 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) is characterised by a state of prolonged fatigue that is seen in 20% of acute Q fever infections and has major health-related consequences. The molecular mechanisms underlying QFS are largely unclear. In order to better understand its pathogenesis, we applied a multi-omics approach to study the patterns of the gut microbiome, blood metabolome, and inflammatory proteome of QFS patients, and compared these with those of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods The study population consisted of 31 QFS patients, 50 CFS patients, and 72 HC. All subjects were matched for age, gender, and general geographical region (South-East part of the Netherlands). The gut microbiome composition was assessed by Metagenomic sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq platform. A total of 92 circulating inflammatory markers were measured using Proximity Extension Essay and 1607 metabolic features were assessed with a high-throughput non-targeted metabolomics approach. Results Inflammatory markers, including 4E-BP1 (P = 9.60–16 and 1.41–7) and MMP-1 (P = 7.09–9 and 3.51–9), are significantly more expressed in both QFS and CFS patients compared to HC. Blood metabolite profiles show significant differences when comparing QFS (319 metabolites) and CFS (441 metabolites) patients to HC, and are significantly enriched in pathways like sphingolipid (P = 0.0256 and 0.0033) metabolism. When comparing QFS to CFS patients, almost no significant differences in metabolome were found. Comparison of microbiome taxonomy of QFS and CFS patients with that of HC, shows both in- and decreases in abundancies in Bacteroidetes (with emphasis on Bacteroides and Alistiples spp.), and Firmicutes and Actinobacteria (with emphasis on Ruminococcus and Bifidobacterium spp.). When we compare QFS patients to CFS patients, there is a striking resemblance and hardly any significant differences in microbiome taxonomy are found. Conclusions We show that QFS and CFS patients are similar across three different omics layers and 4E-BP1 and MMP-1 have the potential to distinguish QFS and CFS patients from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud P H Raijmakers
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Megan E Roerink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne F M Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan P Keijmel
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
- Division of Infectious Diseases 463, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Expertise Center for Q Fever, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, A Joint Venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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107
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Smith AK, Ratanatharathorn A, Maihofer AX, Naviaux RK, Aiello AE, Amstadter AB, Ashley-Koch AE, Baker DG, Beckham JC, Boks MP, Bromet E, Dennis M, Galea S, Garrett ME, Geuze E, Guffanti G, Hauser MA, Katrinli S, Kilaru V, Kessler RC, Kimbrel NA, Koenen KC, Kuan PF, Li K, Logue MW, Lori A, Luft BJ, Miller MW, Naviaux JC, Nugent NR, Qin X, Ressler KJ, Risbrough VB, Rutten BPF, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Vermetten E, Vinkers CH, Wang L, Youssef NA, Uddin M, Nievergelt CM. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of PTSD across 10 military and civilian cohorts identifies methylation changes in AHRR. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5965. [PMID: 33235198 PMCID: PMC7686485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic differences may help to distinguish between PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Here, we describe the results of the largest DNA methylation meta-analysis of PTSD to date. Ten cohorts, military and civilian, contribute blood-derived DNA methylation data from 1,896 PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Four CpG sites within the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) associate with PTSD after adjustment for multiple comparisons, with lower DNA methylation in PTSD cases relative to controls. Although AHRR methylation is known to associate with smoking, the AHRR association with PTSD is most pronounced in non-smokers, suggesting the result was independent of smoking status. Evaluation of metabolomics data reveals that AHRR methylation associated with kynurenine levels, which are lower among subjects with PTSD. This study supports epigenetic differences in those with PTSD and suggests a role for decreased kynurenine as a contributor to immune dysregulation in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Smith
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Adam X Maihofer
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- University of California, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pathology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dewleen G Baker
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jean C Beckham
- VA Mid-Atlantic, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Durham Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marco P Boks
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Epidemiology Research Group, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Dennis
- VA Mid-Atlantic, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Ministry of Defence, Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guia Guffanti
- McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seyma Katrinli
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Varun Kilaru
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nathan A Kimbrel
- VA Mid-Atlantic, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Durham Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- University of California, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- University of California, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Neuroscience, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Brown University, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Department of Pediatric Research, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xuejun Qin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Murray B Stein
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Vermetten
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Defense Department, Research Center, Utrecht, UT, The Netherlands
- Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Wang
- University of California, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nagy A Youssef
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Office of Academic Affairs, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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108
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Role of mitochondria, oxidative stress and the response to antioxidants in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A possible approach to SARS-CoV-2 'long-haulers'? Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 7:14-26. [PMID: 33251031 PMCID: PMC7680046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic patients have developed chronic symptoms lasting weeks or months which are very similar to those described for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. This study reviews the current literature and understanding of the role that mitochondria, oxidative stress and antioxidants may play in the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic fatigue. It describes what is known about the dysfunctional pathways which can develop in mitochondria and their relationship to chronic fatigue. It also reviews what is known about oxidative stress and how this can be related to the pathophysiology of fatigue, as well as examining the potential for specific therapy directed at mitochondria for the treatment of chronic fatigue in the form of antioxidants. This study identifies areas which require urgent, further research in order to fully elucidate the clinical and therapeutic potential of these approaches.
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109
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Narayan V, Shivapurkar N, Baraniuk JN. Informatics Inference of Exercise-Induced Modulation of Brain Pathways Based on Cerebrospinal Fluid Micro-RNAs in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2020; 3:142-158. [PMID: 33274349 PMCID: PMC7703497 DOI: 10.1089/nsm.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The post-exertional malaise of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) was modeled by comparing micro-RNA (miRNA) in cerebrospinal fluid from subjects who had no exercise versus submaximal exercise. Materials and Methods: Differentially expressed miRNAs were examined by informatics methods to predict potential targets and regulatory pathways affected by exercise. Results: miR-608, miR-328, miR-200a-5p, miR-93-3p, and miR-92a-3p had higher levels in subjects who rested overnight (nonexercise n=45) compared to subjects who had exercised before their lumbar punctures (n=15). The combination was examined in DIANA MiRpath v3.0, TarBase, Cytoscape, and Ingenuity software® to select the intersection of target mRNAs. DIANA found 33 targets that may be elevated after exercise, including TGFBR1, IGFR1, and CDC42. Adhesion and adherens junctions were the most frequent pathways. Ingenuity selected seven targets that had complementary mechanistic pathways involving GNAQ, ADCY3, RAP1B, and PIK3R3. Potential target cells expressing high levels of these genes included choroid plexus, neurons, and microglia. Conclusion: The reduction of this combination of miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid after exercise suggested upregulation of phosphoinositol signaling pathways and altered adhesion during the post-exertional malaise of ME/CFS. Clinical Trial Registration Nos.: NCT01291758 and NCT00810225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Narayan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - James N. Baraniuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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110
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Gómez-Mora E, Carrillo J, Urrea V, Rigau J, Alegre J, Cabrera C, Oltra E, Castro-Marrero J, Blanco J. Impact of Long-Term Cryopreservation on Blood Immune Cell Markers in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications for Biomarker Discovery. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582330. [PMID: 33329554 PMCID: PMC7732598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex neuroimmune disorder characterized by numerous symptoms of unknown etiology. The ME/CFS immune markers reported so far have failed to generate a clinical consensus, perhaps partly due to the limitations of biospecimen biobanking. To address this issue, we performed a comparative analysis of the impact of long-term biobanking on previously identified immune markers and also explored additional potential immune markers linked to infection in ME/CFS. A correlation analysis of marker cryostability across immune cell subsets based on flow cytometry immunophenotyping of fresh blood and frozen PBMC samples collected from individuals with ME/CFS (n = 18) and matched healthy controls (n = 18) was performed. The functionality of biobanked samples was assessed on the basis of cytokine production assay after stimulation of frozen PBMCs. T cell markers defining Treg subsets and the expression of surface glycoprotein CD56 in T cells and the frequency of the effector CD8 T cells, together with CD57 expression in NK cells, appeared unaltered by biobanking. By contrast, NK cell markers CD25 and CD69 were notably increased, and NKp46 expression markedly reduced, by long-term cryopreservation and thawing. Further exploration of Treg and NK cell subsets failed to identify significant differences between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls in terms of biobanked PBMCs. Our findings show that some of the previously identified immune markers in T and NK cell subsets become unstable after cell biobanking, thus limiting their use in further immunophenotyping studies for ME/CFS. These data are potentially relevant for future multisite intervention studies and cooperative projects for biomarker discovery using ME/CFS biobanked samples. Further studies are needed to develop novel tools for the assessment of biomarker stability in cryopreserved immune cells from people with ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Gómez-Mora
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Víctor Urrea
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - José Alegre
- Division of Rheumatology, ME/CFS Clinical Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elisa Oltra
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Marrero
- Division of Rheumatology, ME/CFS Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Chair in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia (UVic–UCC), Vic, Spain
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111
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Deep phenotyping of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in Japanese population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19933. [PMID: 33199820 PMCID: PMC7669873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex and debilitating disease with no molecular diagnostics and no treatment options. To identify potential markers of this illness, we profiled 48 patients and 52 controls for standard laboratory tests, plasma metabolomics, blood immuno-phenotyping and transcriptomics, and fecal microbiome analysis. Here, we identified a set of 26 potential molecular markers that distinguished ME/CFS patients from healthy controls. Monocyte number, microbiome abundance, and lipoprotein profiles appeared to be the most informative markers. When we correlated these molecular changes to sleep and cognitive measurements of fatigue, we found that lipoprotein and microbiome profiles most closely correlated with sleep disruption while a different set of markers correlated with a cognitive parameter. Sleep, lipoprotein, and microbiome changes occur early during the course of illness suggesting that these markers can be examined in a larger cohort for potential biomarker application. Our study points to a cluster of sleep-related molecular changes as a prominent feature of ME/CFS in our Japanese cohort.
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112
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Palombo T, Campos A, Vernon SD, Roundy S. Accurate and objective determination of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome disease severity with a wearable sensor. J Transl Med 2020; 18:423. [PMID: 33168001 PMCID: PMC7653873 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 2.5 million people in the U.S. suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This disease negatively impacts patients' ability to function, often resulting in difficulty maintaining employment, sustaining financial independence, engaging socially with others, and in particularly severe cases, consistently and adequately performing activities of daily living. The focus of this research was to develop a sensor-based method to measure upright activity defined as time with feet on the floor and referred to as UpTime, as an indicator of ME/CFS disease severity. METHODS A commercially available inertial measurement unit (IMU), the Shimmer, was selected for this research. A Kalman filter was used to convert IMU data collected by the Shimmer to angle estimates. Angle estimate accuracy was confirmed by comparison to a motion capture system. Leg angle estimates were then converted to personalized daily UpTime scores using a critical angle of 39º from vertical to differentiate between upright (feet on the floor) and not upright. A 6-day, case-control study with 15 subjects (five healthy controls, five moderate-level ME/CFS, and five severe-level ME/CFS) was conducted to determine the utility of UpTime for assessing disease severity. RESULTS UpTime was found to be a significant measure of ME/CFS disease severity. Severely ill ME/CFS patients spend less than 20% of each day with feet on the floor. Moderately ill ME/CFS patients spend between 20-30% of each day with feet on the floor. Healthy controls have greater than 30% UpTime. IMU-measured UpTime was more precise than self-reported hours of upright activity which were over-estimated by patients. CONCLUSIONS UpTime is an accurate and objective measure of upright activity, a measure that can be used to assess disease severity in ME/CFS patients. Due to its ability to accurately monitor upright activity, UpTime can also be used as a reliable endpoint for evaluating ME/CFS treatment efficacy. Future studies with larger samples and extended data collection periods are required to fully confirm the use of UpTime as a measure of disease severity in ME/CFS. With the added perspective of large-scale studies, this sensor-based platform could provide a recovery path for individuals struggling with ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turner Palombo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrea Campos
- Bateman Horne Center, 24 S 1100 E Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - Suzanne D Vernon
- Bateman Horne Center, 24 S 1100 E Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - Shad Roundy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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113
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Mandarano AH, Maya J, Giloteaux L, Peterson DL, Maynard M, Gottschalk CG, Hanson MR. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients exhibit altered T cell metabolism and cytokine associations. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1491-1505. [PMID: 31830003 DOI: 10.1172/jci132185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease with no known cause or mechanism. There is an increasing appreciation for the role of immune and metabolic dysfunction in the disease. ME/CFS has historically presented in outbreaks, often has a flu-like onset, and results in inflammatory symptoms. Patients suffer from severe fatigue and postexertional malaise. There is little known about the metabolism of specific immune cells in patients with ME/CFS. To investigate immune metabolism in ME/CFS, we isolated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 53 patients with ME/CFS and 45 healthy controls. We analyzed glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in resting and activated T cells, along with markers related to cellular metabolism and plasma cytokines. We found that ME/CFS CD8+ T cells had reduced mitochondrial membrane potential compared with those from healthy controls. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with ME/CFS had reduced glycolysis at rest, whereas CD8+ T cells also had reduced glycolysis following activation. Patients with ME/CFS had significant correlations between measures of T cell metabolism and plasma cytokine abundance that differed from correlations seen in healthy control subjects. Our data indicate that patients have impaired T cell metabolism consistent with ongoing immune alterations in ME/CFS that may illuminate the mechanism behind this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Mandarano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Maya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ludovic Giloteaux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Marco Maynard
- Simmaron Research Institute, Incline Village, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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114
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Zhao P, Hou K, Yang S, Xia X. Characterization of small metabolites alteration in mice brain tissues after infected by rabies virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104571. [PMID: 32980577 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases. Host metabolomic changes against RABV infection has not yet been fully understood. We performed untargeted metabolomics to discover the metabolites associated with RABV infection. The brain tissues from 20 RABV infected mice and 10 mock infected mice were used for this method. A total of 1352 differential metabolites were identified after the first-run screen, and the number reduced to 75 after second-run screen. Multivariate analysis using PLS-DA and OPLS-DA clearly discriminated the RABV infected samples from controls. Pathways enrichment analysis revealed that most differential metabolites were associated with metabolism of nucleotide and amino acid, and aminoacyl - tRNA biosynthesis and purine metabolism were the most active pathways. The findings presented in our study would promote the understanding of metabolomics changes in brains of mice after RABV infection as well as a new perspective to study the relationship between RABV and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shaoguan 512025, China.
| | - Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
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115
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MMEASE: Online meta-analysis of metabolomic data by enhanced metabolite annotation, marker selection and enrichment analysis. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104023. [PMID: 33130111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale and long-term metabolomic studies have attracted widespread attention in the biomedical studies yet remain challenging despite recent technique progresses. In particular, the ineffective way of experiment integration and limited capacity in metabolite annotation are known issues. Herein, we constructed an online tool MMEASE enabling the integration of multiple analytical experiments with an enhanced metabolite annotation and enrichment analysis (https://idrblab.org/mmease/). MMEASE was unique in capable of (1) integrating multiple analytical blocks; (2) providing enriched annotation for >330 thousands of metabolites; (3) conducting enrichment analysis using various categories/sub-categories. All in all, MMEASE aimed at supplying a comprehensive service for large-scale and long-term metabolomics, which might provide valuable guidance to current biomedical studies. SIGNIFICANCE: To facilitate the studies of large-scale and long-term metabolomic analysis, MMEASE was developed to (1) achieve the online integration of multiple datasets from different analytical experiments, (2) provide the most diverse strategies for marker discovery, enabling performance assessment and (3) significantly amplify metabolite annotation and subsequent enrichment analysis. MMEASE aimed at supplying a comprehensive service for long-term and large-scale metabolomics, which might provide valuable guidance to current biomedical studies.
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116
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Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a highly debilitating disease with heterogeneous constitutional and neurological complaints. Infection-like symptoms often herald disease onset, but no pathogen or immune defect has been conclusively linked. In this issue of the JCI, Mandarano et al. illuminate bioenergetic derangements of ME/CFS T cell subsets. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells had impaired resting glycolysis. CD8+ cells additionally showed activation-related metabolic remodeling deficits and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential; a subset had increased resting mitochondrial mass. Immune senescence and exhaustion paradigms offer only partial explanations. Hence, unique mechanisms of disrupted immunometabolism may underlie the complex neuroimmune dysfunction of ME/CFS.
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117
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Tomas C, Elson JL, Newton JL, Walker M. Substrate utilisation of cultured skeletal muscle cells in patients with CFS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18232. [PMID: 33106563 PMCID: PMC7588462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients often suffer from severe muscle pain and an inability to exercise due to muscle fatigue. It has previously been shown that CFS skeletal muscle cells have lower levels of ATP and have AMP-activated protein kinase dysfunction. This study outlines experiments looking at the utilisation of different substrates by skeletal muscle cells from CFS patients (n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 11) using extracellular flux analysis. Results show that CFS skeletal muscle cells are unable to utilise glucose to the same extent as healthy control cells. CFS skeletal muscle cells were shown to oxidise galactose and fatty acids normally, indicating that the bioenergetic dysfunction lies upstream of the TCA cycle. The dysfunction in glucose oxidation is similar to what has previously been shown in blood cells from CFS patients. The consistency of cellular bioenergetic dysfunction in different cell types supports the hypothesis that CFS is a systemic disease. The retention of bioenergetic defects in cultured cells indicates that there is a genetic or epigenetic component to the disease. This is the first study to use cells derived from skeletal muscle biopsies in CFS patients and healthy controls to look at cellular bioenergetic function in whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Tomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Julia L Newton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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118
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Evans ED, Duvallet C, Chu ND, Oberst MK, Murphy MA, Rockafellow I, Sontag D, Alm EJ. Predicting human health from biofluid-based metabolomics using machine learning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17635. [PMID: 33077825 PMCID: PMC7572502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofluid-based metabolomics has the potential to provide highly accurate, minimally invasive diagnostics. Metabolomics studies using mass spectrometry typically reduce the high-dimensional data to only a small number of statistically significant features, that are often chemically identified—where each feature corresponds to a mass-to-charge ratio, retention time, and intensity. This practice may remove a substantial amount of predictive signal. To test the utility of the complete feature set, we train machine learning models for health state-prediction in 35 human metabolomics studies, representing 148 individual data sets. Models trained with all features outperform those using only significant features and frequently provide high predictive performance across nine health state categories, despite disparate experimental and disease contexts. Using only non-significant features it is still often possible to train models and achieve high predictive performance, suggesting useful predictive signal. This work highlights the potential for health state diagnostics using all metabolomics features with data-driven analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Evans
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claire Duvallet
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Biobot Analytics, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Chu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael K Oberst
- CSAIL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Murphy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,CSAIL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Isaac Rockafellow
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Superpedestrian, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Sontag
- CSAIL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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119
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Abstract
Für kritisch kranke COVID-19-Patienten könnte das Überleben der Akutphase evtl. nur die Bewältigung der ersten Etappe eines insgesamt langen und herausfordernden Weges sein. Körperliche, kognitive und psychologische Folgen sind realistisch. Aber stellen residuale Symptome bei Patienten mit mikrobiologischer Normalisierung tatsächlich ein „Post-COVID-Syndrom“ dar, und welche Symptome sind in diesem Zusammenhang prinzipiell denkbar und in der Lage, dieses zu begründen? Dass kritisch kranke Patienten oftmals über einen längeren Zeitraum nach ihrer Krankenhausentlassung noch funktionelle Einschränkungen erleben, ist nicht neu. Für die Diagnose eines Post-COVID-Syndroms ist es aber in den meisten Fällen bei COVID-19 jetzt noch zu früh. Dafür müssen die Symptome mindestens 6 Monate anhalten. Aktuell kann man daher wohl nur von postinfektiöser Fatigue sprechen. Und selbst wenn sich Betroffene körperlich wieder erholen, so sind sie evtl. besonders gefährdet, an lang anhaltenden mentalen Gesundheitsproblemen zu leiden bzw. eine reduzierte Lebensqualität zu empfinden. Solche Beobachtungen gibt es jedoch nicht nur nach einem ARDS („acute respiratory distress syndrome“), viele Intensivpatienten verzeichnen lange anhaltende Beschwerden, die auch als „post-intensive care syndrome“ (PICS) bezeichnet werden. In Summe bestehen jedenfalls ausreichend Hinweise für die mögliche Existenz eines „Post-COVID-Syndroms“ bzw. für die Berechtigung, die denkbaren Folgeerscheinungen mit persistierenden Symptomen so zu bezeichnen. Es sind alle Anstrengungen gerechtfertigt, die eine vollständige funktionelle Wiederherstellung und eine Rückkehr in ein Leben nach Corona ermöglichen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lamprecht
- Klinik für Lungenheilkunde, Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Österreich
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120
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Dibble JJ, McGrath SJ, Ponting CP. Genetic risk factors of ME/CFS: a critical review. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:R117-R124. [PMID: 32744306 PMCID: PMC7530519 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex multisystem illness that lacks effective therapy and a biomedical understanding of its causes. Despite a prevalence of ∼0.2-0.4% and its high public health burden, and evidence that it has a heritable component, ME/CFS has not yet benefited from the advances in technology and analytical tools that have improved our understanding of many other complex diseases. Here we critically review existing evidence that genetic factors alter ME/CFS risk before concluding that most ME/CFS candidate gene associations are not replicated by the larger CFS cohort within the UK Biobank. Multiple genome-wide association studies of this cohort also have not yielded consistently significant associations. Ahead of upcoming larger genome-wide association studies, we discuss how these could generate new lines of enquiry into the DNA variants, genes and cell types that are causally involved in ME/CFS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Dibble
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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121
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Sweetman E, Kleffmann T, Edgar C, de Lange M, Vallings R, Tate W. A SWATH-MS analysis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction. J Transl Med 2020; 18:365. [PMID: 32972442 PMCID: PMC7512220 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious and complex physical illness that affects all body systems with a multiplicity of symptoms, but key hallmarks of the disease are pervasive fatigue and 'post-exertional malaise', exacerbation after physical and/or mental activity of the intrinsic fatigue and other symptoms that can be highly debilitating and last from days to months. Although the disease can vary widely between individuals, common symptoms also include pain, cognitive deficits, sleep dysfunction, as well as immune, neurological and autonomic symptoms. Typically, it is a very isolating illness socially, carrying a stigma because of the lack of understanding of the cause and pathophysiology. METHODS To gain insight into the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, we examined the proteomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by SWATH-MS analysis in a small well-characterised group of patients and matched controls. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to stratify groups based on protein abundance patterns, which clearly segregated the majority of the ME/CFS patients (9/11) from the controls. This majority subgroup of ME/CFS patients was then further compared to the control group. RESULTS A total of 60 proteins in the ME/CFS patients were differentially expressed (P < 0.01, Log10 (Fold Change) > 0.2 and < -0.2). Comparison of the PCA selected subgroup of ME/CFS patients (9/11) with controls increased the number of proteins differentially expressed to 99. Of particular relevance to the core symptoms of fatigue and post-exertional malaise experienced in ME/CFS, a proportion of the identified proteins in the ME/CFS groups were involved in mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain complexes, and redox regulation. A significant number were also involved in previously implicated disturbances in ME/CFS, such as the immune inflammatory response, DNA methylation, apoptosis and proteasome activation. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study support a model of deficient ATP production in ME/CFS, compensated for by upregulation of immediate pathways upstream of Complex V that would suggest an elevation of oxidative stress. This study and others have found evidence of a distinct pathology in ME/CFS that holds promise for developing diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiren Sweetman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Christina Edgar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Michel de Lange
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Warren Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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Nacul L, O'Boyle S, Palla L, Nacul FE, Mudie K, Kingdon CC, Cliff JM, Clark TG, Dockrell HM, Lacerda EM. How Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Progresses: The Natural History of ME/CFS. Front Neurol 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32849252 PMCID: PMC7431524 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a framework for understanding and interpreting the pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) that considers wider determinants of health and long-term temporal variation in pathophysiological features and disease phenotype throughout the natural history of the disease. As in other chronic diseases, ME/CFS evolves through different stages, from asymptomatic predisposition, progressing to a prodromal stage, and then to symptomatic disease. Disease incidence depends on genetic makeup and environment factors, the exposure to singular or repeated insults, and the nature of the host response. In people who develop ME/CFS, normal homeostatic processes in response to adverse insults may be replaced by aberrant responses leading to dysfunctional states. Thus, the predominantly neuro-immune manifestations, underlined by a hyper-metabolic state, that characterize early disease, may be followed by various processes leading to multi-systemic abnormalities and related symptoms. This abnormal state and the effects of a range of mediators such as products of oxidative and nitrosamine stress, may lead to progressive cell and metabolic dysfunction culminating in a hypometabolic state with low energy production. These processes do not seem to happen uniformly; although a spiraling of progressive inter-related and self-sustaining abnormalities may ensue, reversion to states of milder abnormalities is possible if the host is able to restate responses to improve homeostatic equilibrium. With time variation in disease presentation, no single ME/CFS case description, set of diagnostic criteria, or molecular feature is currently representative of all patients at different disease stages. While acknowledging its limitations due to the incomplete research evidence, we suggest the proposed framework may support future research design and health care interventions for people with ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Nacul
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shennae O'Boyle
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Palla
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Flavio E. Nacul
- Pro-Cardiaco Hospital and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kathleen Mudie
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline C. Kingdon
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M. Cliff
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taane G. Clark
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eliana M. Lacerda
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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123
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Environmental, Neuro-immune, and Neuro-oxidative Stress Interactions in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4598-4607. [PMID: 32761353 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS) is a complex, multisystem disease that is characterized by long-term fatigue, exhaustion, disabilities, pain, neurocognitive impairments, gastrointestinal symptoms, and post-exertional malaise, as well as lowered occupational, educational, and social functions. The clinical and biomarker diagnosis of this disorder is hampered by the lack of validated diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests with adequate figures of merit, although there are now many disease biomarkers indicating the pathophysiology of CFS. Here, we review multiple factors, such as immunological and environmental factors, which are associated with CFS and evaluate current concepts on the involvement of immune and environmental factors in the pathophysiology of CFS. The most frequently reported immune dysregulations in CFS are modifications in immunoglobulin contents, changes in B and T cell phenotypes and cytokine profiles, and decreased cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. Some of these immune aberrations display a moderate diagnostic performance to externally validate the clinical diagnosis of CFS, including the expression of activation markers and protein kinase R (PKR) activity. Associated with the immune aberrations are activated nitro-oxidative pathways, which may explain the key symptoms of CFS. This review shows that viral and bacterial infections, as well as nutritional deficiencies, may further aggravate the immune-oxidative pathophysiology of CFS. Targeted treatments with antioxidants and lipid replacement treatments may have some clinical efficacy in CFS. We conclude that complex interactions between immune and nitro-oxidative pathways, infectious agents, environmental factors, and nutritional deficiencies play a role in the pathophysiology of CFS.
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Holden S, Maksoud R, Eaton-Fitch N, Cabanas H, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. A systematic review of mitochondrial abnormalities in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome/systemic exertion intolerance disease. J Transl Med 2020; 18:290. [PMID: 32727475 PMCID: PMC7392668 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID) present with a constellation of symptoms including debilitating fatigue that is unrelieved by rest. The pathomechanisms underlying this illness are not fully understood and the search for a biomarker continues, mitochondrial aberrations have been suggested as a possible candidate. The aim of this systematic review is to collate and appraise current literature on mitochondrial changes in ME/CFS/SEID patients compared to healthy controls. Methods Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Medline (EBSCO host) were systematically searched for articles assessing mitochondrial changes in ME/CFS/SEID patients compared to healthy controls published between January 1995 and February 2020. The list of articles was further refined using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality and bias were measured using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Control Studies. Results Nineteen studies were included in this review. The included studies investigated mitochondrial structural and functional differences in ME/CFS/SEID patients compared with healthy controls. Outcomes addressed by the papers include changes in mitochondrial structure, deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid, respiratory function, metabolites, and coenzymes. Conclusion Based on the included articles in the review it is difficult to establish the role of mitochondria in the pathomechanisms of ME/CFS/SEID due to inconsistencies across the studies. Future well-designed studies using the same ME/CFS/SEID diagnostic criteria and analysis methods are required to determine possible mitochondrial involvement in the pathomechanisms of ME/CFS/SEID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Holden
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Rebekah Maksoud
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Natalie Eaton-Fitch
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Hélène Cabanas
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Donald Staines
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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125
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Lim EJ, Son CG. Review of case definitions for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). J Transl Med 2020; 18:289. [PMID: 32727489 PMCID: PMC7391812 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease with unknown causes. From the perspectives on the etiology and pathophysiology, ME/CFS has been labeled differently, which influenced changes in case definitions and terminologies. This review sought to feature aspects of the history, developments, and differential symptoms in the case definitions. METHODS A search was conducted through PubMed published to February 2020 using the following search keywords: case definition AND chronic fatigue syndrome [MeSH Terms]. All reference lists of the included studies were checked. Of the included studies, the number of citations and the visibility in the literatures of the definitions were considered for comparisons of the criteria. RESULTS Since the first 'ME' case definition was developed in 1986, 25 case definitions/diagnostic criteria were created based on three conceptual factors (etiology, pathophysiology, and exclusionary disorders). These factors can be categorized into four categories (ME, ME/CFS, CFS, and SEID) and broadly characterized according to primary disorder (ME-viral, CFS-unknown, ME/CFS-inflammatory, SEID-multisystemic), compulsory symptoms (ME and ME/CFS-neuroinflammatory, CFS and SEID-fatigue and/or malaise), and required conditions (ME-infective agent, ME/CFS, CFS, SEID-symptoms associated with fatigue, e.g., duration of illness). ME and ME/CFS widely cover all symptom categories, while CFS mainly covers neurologic and neurocognitive symptoms. Fatigue, cognitive impairment, PEM, sleep disorder, and orthostatic intolerance were the overlapping symptoms of the 4 categories, which were included as SEID criteria. CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively described the journey of the development of case definitions and compared the symptom criteria. This review provides broader insights and explanations to understand the complexity of ME/CFS for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lim
- Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Department of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Department of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Milivojevic M, Che X, Bateman L, Cheng A, Garcia BA, Hornig M, Huber M, Klimas NG, Lee B, Lee H, Levine S, Montoya JG, Peterson DL, Komaroff AL, Lipkin WI. Plasma proteomic profiling suggests an association between antigen driven clonal B cell expansion and ME/CFS. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236148. [PMID: 32692761 PMCID: PMC7373296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an unexplained chronic, debilitating illness characterized by fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, orthostatic intolerance and gastrointestinal problems. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we analyzed the plasma proteomes of 39 ME/CFS patients and 41 healthy controls. Logistic regression models, with both linear and quadratic terms of the protein levels as independent variables, revealed a significant association between ME/CFS and the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) region 3-23/30. Stratifying the ME/CFS group based on self-reported irritable bowel syndrome (sr-IBS) status revealed a significant quadratic effect of immunoglobulin lambda constant region 7 on its association with ME/CFS with sr-IBS whilst IGHV3-23/30 and immunoglobulin kappa variable region 3-11 were significantly associated with ME/CFS without sr-IBS. In addition, we were able to predict ME/CFS status with a high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.774-0.838) using a panel of proteins selected by 3 different machine learning algorithms: Lasso, Random Forests, and XGBoost. These algorithms also identified proteomic profiles that predicted the status of ME/CFS patients with sr-IBS (AUC = 0.806-0.846) and ME/CFS without sr-IBS (AUC = 0.754-0.780). Our findings are consistent with a significant association of ME/CFS with immune dysregulation and highlight the potential use of the plasma proteome as a source of biomarkers for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milivojevic
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lucinda Bateman
- Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Aaron Cheng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Manuel Huber
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nancy G. Klimas
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
- Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bohyun Lee
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hyoungjoo Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Susan Levine
- Levine Clinic, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jose G. Montoya
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Jack S. Remington Laboratory for Specialty Diagnostics of Toxoplasmosis, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Peterson
- Sierra Internal Medicine at Incline Village, Incline Village, NV, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. Komaroff
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
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127
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Menzies V, Starkweather A, Yao Y, Kelly DL, Garrett TJ, Yang G, Booker S, Swift-Scanlan T, Mahmud I, Lyon DE. Exploring Associations Between Metabolites and Symptoms of Fatigue, Depression and Pain in Women With Fibromyalgia. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 23:119-126. [PMID: 32677448 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420941109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic noncommunicable disorder characterized by a constellation of symptoms that include fatigue, depression and chronic pain. FM affects 2%-8% of the U.S. population, 2% of the global population, with 61%-90% of FM diagnoses attributed to women. Key causal factors leading to the development and severity of FM-related symptoms have not yet been identified. The purpose of this article is to report relationships among identified metabolites and levels of fatigue, depression, pain severity, and pain interference in a sample of 20 women with FM. In this secondary analysis, we conducted global metabolomic analysis and examined the data for relationships of metabolite levels with self-reported symptoms of fatigue, depression, pain severity, and pain interference. Results revealed six metabolites (6-deoxy-hexose; pantothenic acid; ergothioneine; l-carnitine; n-acetylserotonin; butyrobetaine) and their associated metabolic pathways such as carnitine synthesis, lipid oxidation, tryptophan metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism and pantothenic and Coenzyme-A biosynthesis that were either positively or inversely related to pain severity, pain interference, or both. The preliminary data presented suggest that metabolites representing energy, amino acid, or lipid classification may be associated with pain symptom severity and interference in women with FM. Future work will confirm these findings in a large, comparative cohort, targeting metabolites and metabolite pathways to better understand the relationships of metabolites and symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Menzies
- 3463University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Yingwei Yao
- 3463University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - GeeSu Yang
- 3463University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Staja Booker
- 3463University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Iqbal Mahmud
- 3463University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Debra E Lyon
- 3463University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
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128
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Huth TK, Eaton-Fitch N, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. A systematic review of metabolomic dysregulation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID). J Transl Med 2020; 18:198. [PMID: 32404171 PMCID: PMC7222338 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID) is a complex illness that has an unknown aetiology. It has been proposed that metabolomics may contribute to the illness pathogenesis of CFS/ME/SEID. In metabolomics, the systematic identification of measurable changes in small molecule metabolite products have been identified in cases of both monogenic and heterogenic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if there is any evidence of metabolomics contributing to the pathogenesis of CFS/ME/SEID. Methods PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOHost (Medline) and EMBASE were searched using medical subject headings terms for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, metabolomics and metabolome to source papers published from 1994 to 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to identify studies reporting on metabolites measured in blood and urine samples from CFS/ME/SEID patients compared with healthy controls. The Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist was used to complete a quality assessment for all the studies included in this review. Results 11 observational case control studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The primary outcome of metabolite measurement in blood samples of CFS/ME/SEID patients was reported in ten studies. The secondary outcome of urine metabolites was measured in three of the included studies. No studies were excluded from this review based on a low-quality assessment score, however there was inconsistency in the scientific research design of the included studies. Metabolites associated with the amino acid pathway were the most commonly impaired with significant results in seven out of the 10 studies. However, no specific metabolite was consistently impaired across all of the studies. Urine metabolite results were also inconsistent. Conclusion The findings of this systematic review reports that a lack of consistency with scientific research design provides little evidence for metabolomics to be clearly defined as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of CFS/ME/SEID. Further research using the same CFS/ME/SEID diagnostic criteria, metabolite analysis method and control of the confounding factors that influence metabolite levels are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teilah Kathryn Huth
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Natalie Eaton-Fitch
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Donald Staines
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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129
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Tian C, Zhang B, Liang W, Yang Q, Xiong Q, Jin Q, Xiang S, Zhao J, Ying C, Zuo X. Fatigue in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and an Exploration of Contributing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 59:1074-1081.e2. [PMID: 31866487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.12.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fatigue is a common and detrimental symptom in dialysis patients; however, our understanding of it and investigation of its contributing factors is still very limited, especially in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. OBJECTIVES To assess fatigue in PD patients and identify contributing factors. METHODS One hundred eight PD patients in a comprehensive hospital in China were recruited. The fatigue severity of the participants was assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale 11. Demographic factors and results of physiological tests were collected. Quality of sleep, mental health, and social support were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Symptom Checklist 90, and Social Support Rating Scale, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were conducted with candidate variables with a P-value of less than 0.1 on univariate analysis and variables that were clinically relevant to identify contributing factors for fatigue. RESULTS The fatigue level in PD patients was significantly higher than the community population, and 78.7% of them were suffering from fatigue. The factors that were significantly associated with fatigue were quality of sleep, normalized protein nitrogen appearance, transferrin, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol (adjusted R squared 0.86). Among them, quality of sleep, transferrin, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol were significant contributors for physical fatigue, whereas the quality of sleep and normalized protein nitrogen appearance were contributing factors for mental fatigue. CONCLUSION Fatigue is a common symptom in PD patients, suggesting that increased awareness of this symptom is required. The identification of correlates by extensive exploration of multidimensional factors in this study may help practitioners to identify patients at higher risk and to develop a multidimensional and targeted intervention plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tian
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wangqun Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiman Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siyun Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenjiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhi Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Rekeland IG, Fosså A, Lande A, Ktoridou-Valen I, Sørland K, Holsen M, Tronstad KJ, Risa K, Alme K, Viken MK, Lie BA, Dahl O, Mella O, Fluge Ø. Intravenous Cyclophosphamide in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. An Open-Label Phase II Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:162. [PMID: 32411717 PMCID: PMC7201056 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disease with high symptom burden, of unknown etiology, with no established treatment. We observed patients with long-standing ME/CFS who got cancer, and who reported improvement of ME/CFS symptoms after chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, forming the basis for this prospective trial. Materials and methods: This open-label phase II trial included 40 patients with ME/CFS diagnosed by Canadian criteria. Treatment consisted of six intravenous infusions of cyclophosphamide, 600-700 mg/m2, given at four-week intervals with follow-up for 18 months, extended to 4 years. Response was defined by self-reported improvements in symptoms by Fatigue score, supported by Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores, physical activity measures and other instruments. Repeated measures of outcome variables were assessed by General linear models. Responses were correlated with specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles. Results: The overall response rate by Fatigue score was 55.0% (22 of 40 patients). Fatigue score and other outcome variables showed significant improvements compared to baseline. The SF-36 Physical Function score increased from mean 33.0 at baseline to 51.5 at 18 months (all patients), and from mean 35.0 to 69.5 among responders. Mean steps per 24 h increased from mean 3,199 at baseline to 4,347 at 18 months (all patients), and from 3,622 to 5,589 among responders. At extended follow-up to 4 years 68% (15 of 22 responders) were still in remission. Patients positive for HLA-DQB1*03:03 and/or HLA-C*07:04 (n = 12) had significantly higher response rate compared to patients negative for these alleles (n = 28), 83 vs. 43%, respectively. Nausea and constipation were common grade 1-2 adverse events. There were one suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction (aggravated POTS) and 11 serious adverse events in eight patients. Conclusion: Intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment was feasible for ME/CFS patients and associated with an acceptable toxicity profile. More than half of the patients responded and with prolonged follow-up, a considerable proportion of patients reported ongoing remission. Without a placebo group, clinical response data must be interpreted with caution. We nevertheless believe a future randomized trial is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02444091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid G Rekeland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Fosså
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asgeir Lande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irini Ktoridou-Valen
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Sørland
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Holsen
- Clinical Research Unit, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl J Tronstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Risa
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kine Alme
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marte K Viken
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Mella
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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131
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Miller JS, Rodriguez-Saona L, Hackshaw KV. Metabolomics in Central Sensitivity Syndromes. Metabolites 2020; 10:E164. [PMID: 32344505 PMCID: PMC7240948 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Central sensitization syndromes are a collection of frequently painful disorders that contribute to decreased quality of life and increased risk of opiate abuse. Although these disorders cause significant morbidity, they frequently lack reliable diagnostic tests. As such, technologies that can identify key moieties in central sensitization disorders may contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and more precise treatment options. The analysis of small molecules in biological samples through metabolomics has improved greatly and may be the technology needed to identify key moieties in difficult to diagnose diseases. In this review, we discuss the current state of metabolomics as it relates to central sensitization disorders. From initial literature review until Feb 2020, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for applicable studies. We included cohort studies, case series, and interventional studies of both adults and children affected by central sensitivity syndromes. The majority of metabolomic studies addressing a CSS found significantly altered metabolites that allowed for differentiation of CSS patients from healthy controls. Therefore, the published literature overwhelmingly supports the use of metabolomics in CSS. Further research into these altered metabolites and their respective metabolic pathways may provide more reliable and effective therapeutics for these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dublin, OH 43016, USA;
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Kevin V. Hackshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1701 Trinity St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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132
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Tomas C, Elson JL, Strassheim V, Newton JL, Walker M. The effect of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) severity on cellular bioenergetic function. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231136. [PMID: 32275686 PMCID: PMC7147788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/ Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has been associated with abnormalities in mitochondrial function. In this study we have analysed previous bioenergetics data in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using new techniques in order to further elucidate differences between ME/CFS and healthy control cohorts. We stratified our ME/CFS cohort into two individual cohorts representing moderately and severely affected patients in order to determine if disease severity is associated with bioenergetic function in PBMCs. Both ME/CFS cohorts showed reduced mitochondrial function when compared to a healthy control cohort. This shows that disease severity does not correlate with mitochondrial function and even those with a moderate form of the disease show evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Equations devised by another research group have enabled us to calculate ATP-linked respiration rates and glycolytic parameters. Parameters of glycolytic function were calculated by taking into account respiratory acidification. This revealed severely affected ME/CFS patients to have higher rates of respiratory acidification and showed the importance of accounting for respiratory acidification when calculating parameters of glycolytic function. Analysis of previously published glycolysis data, after taking into account respiratory acidification, showed severely affected patients have reduced glycolysis compared to moderately affected patients and healthy controls. Rates of ATP-linked respiration were also calculated and shown to be lower in both ME/CFS cohorts. This study shows that severely affected patients have mitochondrial and glycolytic impairments, which sets them apart from moderately affected patients who only have mitochondrial impairment. This may explain why these patients present with a more severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Tomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna L. Elson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Victoria Strassheim
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Nilsson I, Palmer J, Apostolou E, Gottfries CG, Rizwan M, Dahle C, Rosén A. Metabolic Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Not Due to Anti-mitochondrial Antibodies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:108. [PMID: 32296708 PMCID: PMC7136523 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling studies have recently indicated dysfunctional mitochondria in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This includes an impaired function of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), possibly driven by serum factor(s), which leads to inadequate adenosine triphosphate generation and excessive lactate accumulation. A reminiscent energy blockade is likely to occur in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), caused by anti-PDC autoantibodies, as recently proposed. PBC is associated with fatigue and post-exertional malaise, also signifying ME/CFS. We herein have investigated whether ME/CFS patients have autoreactive antibodies that could interfere with mitochondrial function. We found that only 1 of 161 examined ME/CFS patients was positive for anti-PDC, while all PBC patients (15/15) presented significant IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-PDC reactivity, as previously shown. None of fibromyalgia patients (0/14), multiple sclerosis patients (0/29), and healthy blood donors (0/44) controls showed reactivities. Anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (inner and outer membrane) were negative in ME/CFS cohort. Anti-cardiolipin antibody levels in patients did not differ significantly from healthy blood donors. In conclusion, the impaired mitochondrial/metabolic dysfunction, observed in ME/CFS, cannot be explained by presence of circulating autoantibodies against the tested mitochondrial epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Nilsson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Palmer
- The Medical School, The University Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Apostolou
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Rosén
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Wang H, Tian Q, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang X, Cao W, Zhang J, Anto EO, Li X, Wang X, Liu D, Zheng Y, Guo Z, Wu L, Song M, Wang Y, Wang W. Population-based case-control study revealed metabolomic biomarkers of suboptimal health status in Chinese population-potential utility for innovative approach by predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:147-160. [PMID: 32549914 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a subclinical stage of chronic diseases, and the identification of SHS provides an opportunity for the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) of chronic diseases. Previous studies have reported the associations between metabolic signatures and early signs of chronic diseases. Methods This study aimed to detect the metabolic biomarkers for the identification of SHS in a case-control study. SHS questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) was used in a population-based health survey to measure the SHS levels of participants. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted on plasma samples collected from 50 SHS participants and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results After adjusting for the confounders, 24 significantly differential metabolites, such as sphingomyelin, sphingosine, sphinganine, progesterone, pregnanolone, and bilirubin, were identified as the candidate biomarkers for SHS. Pathway analysis revealed that sphingolipid metabolism, taurine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis are the disturbed metabolic pathways related to SHS. A combination of four metabolic biomarkers (sphingosine, pregnanolone, taurolithocholate sulfate, cervonyl carnitine) can distinguish SHS individuals from the controls with a sensitivity of 94.0%, a specificity of 90.0%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.977. Conclusion Plasma metabolites are valuable biomarkers for SHS identification, and meanwhile, SHSQ-25 can be used as an alternative health screening tool in the population-based health survey. SHS-related metabolic disturbances could be detected at the early onset of SHS, and SHS-related metabolites could create a window opportunity for PPPM of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- Student Health Center, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Xueqing Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Di Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Zheng
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manshu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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135
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Li K, Naviaux JC, Monk JM, Wang L, Naviaux RK. Improved Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics: A Targeted, Broad-Spectrum, Single-Injection Method. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030082. [PMID: 32120852 PMCID: PMC7143494 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) have proven to be a powerful sampling and storage method for newborn screening and many other applications. However, DBS methods have not yet been optimized for broad-spectrum targeted metabolomic analysis. In this study, we developed a robust, DBS-based, broad-spectrum, targeted metabolomic method that was able to measure over 400 metabolites from a 6.3 mm punch from standard Whatman 903TM filter paper cards. The effects of blood spot volumes, hematocrit, vacutainer chemistry, extraction methods, carryover, and comparability with plasma and fingerstick capillary blood samples were analyzed. The stability of over 400 metabolites stored under varying conditions over one year was also tested. No significant impacts of blood volume and hematocrit variations were observed when the spotted blood volume was over 60 µL and the hematocrit was between 31% and 50%. The median area under the curve (AUC) of metabolites in the DBS metabolome declined by 40% in the first 3 months and then did not decline further for at least 1 year. All originally detectable metabolites remained within detectable limits. The optimal storage conditions for metabolomic analysis were -80 °C with desiccants and without an O2 scavenger. The method was clinically validated for its potential utility in the diagnosis of the mitochondrial disease mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Our method provides a convenient alternative to freezing, storing, and shipping liquid blood samples for comparative metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (J.C.N.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA;
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (R.K.N.)
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (J.C.N.); (L.W.)
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Monk
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA;
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (J.C.N.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA;
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; (J.C.N.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (R.K.N.)
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136
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Bax K, Isackson PJ, Moore M, Ambrus JL. Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Deficiency in a University Immunology Practice. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:8. [PMID: 32067119 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-0879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This report describes the clinical manifestations of 35 patients sent to a University Immunology clinic with a diagnosis of fatigue and exercise intolerance who were identified to have low carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity on muscle biopsies. RECENT FINDINGS All of the patients presented with fatigue and exercise intolerance and many had been diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Their symptoms responded to treatment of the metabolic disease. Associated symptoms included bloating, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal reflux symptoms, recurrent infections, arthritis, dyspnea, dry eye, visual loss, and hearing loss. Associated medical conditions included Hashimoto thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome, seronegative arthritis, food hypersensitivities, asthma, sleep apnea, and vasculitis. This study identifies clinical features that should alert physicians to the possibility of an underlying metabolic disease. Treatment of the metabolic disease leads to symptomatic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley Bax
- Department of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Isackson
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Molly Moore
- Department of Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Department of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Room 8030C, Center for Translational Research, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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137
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Missailidis D, Sanislav O, Allan CY, Annesley SJ, Fisher PR. Cell-Based Blood Biomarkers for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031142. [PMID: 32046336 PMCID: PMC7037777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a devastating illness whose biomedical basis is now beginning to be elucidated. We reported previously that, after recovery from frozen storage, lymphocytes (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) from ME/CFS patients die faster in culture medium than those from healthy controls. We also found that lymphoblastoid cell lines (lymphoblasts) derived from these PBMCs exhibit multiple abnormalities in mitochondrial respiratory function and signalling activity by the cellular stress-sensing kinase Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1). These differences were correlated with disease severity, as measured by the Richardson and Lidbury weighted standing test. The clarity of the differences between these cells derived from ME/CFS patient blood and those from healthy controls suggested that they may provide useful biomarkers for ME/CFS. Here, we report a preliminary investigation into that possibility using a variety of analytical classification tools, including linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We found that results from three different tests—lymphocyte death rate, mitochondrial respiratory function and TORC1 activity—could each individually serve as a biomarker with better than 90% sensitivity but only modest specificity vís a vís healthy controls. However, in combination, they provided a cell-based biomarker with sensitivity and specificity approaching 100% in our sample. This level of sensitivity and specificity was almost equalled by a suggested protocol in which the frozen lymphocyte death rate was used as a highly sensitive test to triage positive samples to the more time consuming and expensive tests measuring lymphoblast respiratory function and TORC1 activity. This protocol provides a promising biomarker that could assist in more rapid and accurate diagnosis of ME/CFS.
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Missailidis D, Annesley SJ, Allan CY, Sanislav O, Lidbury BA, Lewis DP, Fisher PR. An Isolated Complex V Inefficiency and Dysregulated Mitochondrial Function in Immortalized Lymphocytes from ME/CFS Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031074. [PMID: 32041178 PMCID: PMC7036826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by exacerbation of symptoms after exertion (post-exertional malaise or “PEM”), and by fatigue whose severity and associated requirement for rest are excessive and disproportionate to the fatigue-inducing activity. There is no definitive molecular marker or known underlying pathological mechanism for the condition. Increasing evidence for aberrant energy metabolism suggests a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in ME/CFS. Our objective was therefore to measure mitochondrial function and cellular stress sensing in actively metabolizing patient blood cells. We immortalized lymphoblasts isolated from 51 ME/CFS patients diagnosed according to the Canadian Consensus Criteria and an age- and gender-matched control group. Parameters of mitochondrial function and energy stress sensing were assessed by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis, proteomics, and an array of additional biochemical assays. As a proportion of the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), the rate of ATP synthesis by Complex V was significantly reduced in ME/CFS lymphoblasts, while significant elevations were observed in Complex I OCR, maximum OCR, spare respiratory capacity, nonmitochondrial OCR and “proton leak” as a proportion of the basal OCR. This was accompanied by a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, chronically hyperactivated TOR Complex I stress signaling and upregulated expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, fatty acid transporters, and enzymes of the β-oxidation and TCA cycles. By contrast, mitochondrial mass and genome copy number, as well as glycolytic rates and steady state ATP levels were unchanged. Our results suggest a model in which ME/CFS lymphoblasts have a Complex V defect accompanied by compensatory upregulation of their respiratory capacity that includes the mitochondrial respiratory complexes, membrane transporters and enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. This homeostatically returns ATP synthesis and steady state levels to “normal” in the resting cells, but may leave them unable to adequately respond to acute increases in energy demand as the relevant homeostatic pathways are already activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Missailidis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (D.M.); (S.J.A.); (C.Y.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Sarah J. Annesley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (D.M.); (S.J.A.); (C.Y.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Claire Y. Allan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (D.M.); (S.J.A.); (C.Y.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Oana Sanislav
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (D.M.); (S.J.A.); (C.Y.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Brett A. Lidbury
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | | | - Paul R. Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (D.M.); (S.J.A.); (C.Y.A.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9479-2229
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Eguchi A, Fukuda S, Kuratsune H, Nojima J, Nakatomi Y, Watanabe Y, Feldstein AE. Identification of actin network proteins, talin-1 and filamin-A, in circulating extracellular vesicles as blood biomarkers for human myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:106-114. [PMID: 31759091 PMCID: PMC7010541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious, debilitating disorder with a wide spectrum of symptoms, including pain, depression, and neurocognitive deterioration. Over 17 million people around the world have ME/CFS, predominantly women with peak onset at 30-50 years. Given the wide spectrum of symptoms and unclear etiology, specific biomarkers for diagnosis and stratification of ME/CFS are lacking. Here we show that actin network proteins in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer specific non-invasive biomarkers for ME/CFS. We found that circulating EVs were significantly increased in ME/CFS patients correlating to C-reactive protein, as well as biological antioxidant potential. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for circulating EVs was 0.80, allowing correct diagnosis in 90-94% of ME/CFS cases. From two independent proteomic analyses using circulating EVs from ME/CFS, healthy controls, idiopathic chronic fatigue, and depression, proteins identified from ME/CFS patients are involved in focal adhesion, actin skeletal regulation, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Epstein-Barr virus infection. In particular, talin-1, filamin-A, and 14-3-3 family proteins were the most abundant proteins, representing highly specific ME/CFS biomarkers. Our results identified circulating EV number and EV-specific proteins as novel biomarkers for diagnosing ME/CFS, providing important information on the pathogenic mechanisms of ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; JST, PRETO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Sanae Fukuda
- Department of Health Welfare Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, 582-0026, JAPAN.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 545-8586, JAPAN.,RIKEN, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, JAPAN
| | - Hirohiko Kuratsune
- Department of Health Welfare Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, 582-0026, JAPAN.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 545-8586, JAPAN
| | - Junzo Nojima
- Department of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, JAPAN
| | | | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 545-8586, JAPAN.,RIKEN, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, JAPAN.,RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, 650-0047, JAPAN
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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140
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Germain A, Barupal DK, Levine SM, Hanson MR. Comprehensive Circulatory Metabolomics in ME/CFS Reveals Disrupted Metabolism of Acyl Lipids and Steroids. Metabolites 2020; 10:E34. [PMID: 31947545 PMCID: PMC7023305 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest worldwide prevalence rate projects that over 65 million patients suffer from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), an illness with known effects on the functioning of the immune and nervous systems. We performed an extensive metabolomics analysis on the plasma of 52 female subjects, equally sampled between controls and ME/CFS patients, which delivered data for about 1750 blood compounds spanning 20 super-pathways, subdivided into 113 sub-pathways. Statistical analysis combined with pathway enrichment analysis points to a few disrupted metabolic pathways containing many unexplored compounds. The most intriguing finding concerns acyl cholines, belonging to the fatty acid metabolism sub-pathway of lipids, for which all compounds are consistently reduced in two distinct ME/CFS patient cohorts. We compiled the extremely limited knowledge about these compounds and regard them as promising in the quest to explain many of the ME/CFS symptoms. Another class of lipids with far-reaching activity on virtually all organ systems are steroids; androgenic, progestin, and corticosteroids are broadly reduced in our patient cohort. We also report on lower dipeptides and elevated sphingolipids abundance in patients compared to controls. Disturbances in the metabolism of many of these molecules can be linked to the profound organ system symptoms endured by ME/CFS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Germain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- UC Davis Genome Center—Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Susan M. Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Maureen R. Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.G.); (S.M.L.)
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141
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Fosså A, Smeland KH, Fluge Ø, Tronstad KJ, Loge JH, Midttun Ø, Ueland PM, Kiserud CE. Metabolic analysis of amino acids and vitamin B6 pathways in lymphoma survivors with cancer related chronic fatigue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227384. [PMID: 31923274 PMCID: PMC6953873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cancer-related fatigue (CF) is a common and distressing condition in a subset of cancer survivors and common also after successful treatment of malignant lymphoma. The etiology and pathogenesis of CF is unknown, and lack of biomarkers hampers development of diagnostic tests and successful therapy. Recent studies on the changes of amino acid levels and other metabolites in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalopathy (CFS/ME) have pointed to possible central defects in energy metabolism. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of serum concentrations of amino acids, including metabolites of tryptophan, the kynurenine pathway and vitamin B6 in a well characterized national Norwegian cohort of lymphoma survivors after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Among the 20 standard amino acids in humans, only tryptophan levels were significantly lower in both males and females with CF compared to non-fatigued survivors, a strikingly different pattern than seen in CFS/ME. Markers of tryptophan degradation by the kynurenine pathway (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) and activation of vitamin B6 catabolism (pyridoxic acid/(pyridoxal + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate), PAr index) differed in survivors with or without CF and correlated with known markers of immune activation and inflammation, such as neopterin, C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6. Among personal traits and clinical findings assessed simultaneously in participating survivors, higher neuroticism score, obesity and higher PAr index were significantly associated with increased risk of CF. Collectively, these data point to low grade immune activation and inflammation as a basis for CF in lymphoma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fosså
- Department of Oncology, National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for B-cell malignancies, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Knut Halvor Smeland
- Department of Oncology, National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jon Håvard Loge
- Regional Centre for Excellence in Palliative Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Per Magne Ueland
- Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Essholt Kiserud
- Department of Oncology, National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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142
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Kim DY, Lee JS, Park SY, Kim SJ, Son CG. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). J Transl Med 2020; 18:7. [PMID: 31906979 PMCID: PMC6943902 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although medical requirements are urgent, no effective intervention has been proven for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). To facilitate the development of new therapeutics, we systematically reviewed the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for CFS/ME to date. METHODS RCTs targeting CFS/ME were surveyed using two electronic databases, PubMed and the Cochrane library, through April 2019. We included only RCTs that targeted fatigue-related symptoms, and we analyzed the data in terms of the characteristics of the participants, case definitions, primary measurements, and interventions with overall outcomes. RESULTS Among 513 potentially relevant articles, 55 RCTs met our inclusion criteria; these included 25 RCTs of 22 different pharmacological interventions, 28 RCTs of 18 non-pharmacological interventions and 2 RCTs of combined interventions. These studies accounted for a total of 6316 participants (1568 males and 4748 females, 5859 adults and 457 adolescents). CDC 1994 (Fukuda) criteria were mostly used for case definitions (42 RCTs, 76.4%), and the primary measurement tools included the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS, 36.4%) and the 36-item Short Form health survey (SF-36, 30.9%). Eight interventions showed statistical significance: 3 pharmacological (Staphypan Berna, Poly(I):poly(C12U) and CoQ10 + NADH) and 5 non-pharmacological therapies (cognitive-behavior-therapy-related treatments, graded-exercise-related therapies, rehabilitation, acupuncture and abdominal tuina). However, there was no definitely effective intervention with coherence and reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review integrates the comprehensive features of previous RCTs for CFS/ME and reflects on their limitations and perspectives in the process of developing new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Young Kim
- Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel-Young Park
- Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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143
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Li R, Dai Z, Hu D, Zeng H, Fang Z, Zhuang Z, Xu H, Huang Q, Cui Y, Zhang H. Mapping the Alterations of Glutamate Using Glu-Weighted CEST MRI in a Rat Model of Fatigue. Front Neurol 2020; 11:589128. [PMID: 33250853 PMCID: PMC7673456 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.589128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glutamate dysregulation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of fatigue. Glutamate weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (Glu-weighted CEST) MRI is a recently developed technology which enables measuring glutamate in vivo with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The purpose of this study is to map the alternations of brain glutamate in a rat model of fatigue. Methods: Rats were subjected to 10 days fatigue loading procedure (fatigue group) or reared without any fatigue loading (control group). Spontaneous activities of rats in the fatigue group were recorded from 3 days before fatigue loading to 4 days after the end of fatigue loading. Glu-weighted CEST were performed following 10-day fatigue loading. Results: Rats in the fatigue group exhibited significant reduced spontaneous activities after 10-day fatigue loading. The glutamate level in the whole brain increased significantly in the fatigue group compared to that in the control group. Further analysis of glutamate in the sub-regions of brain including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum revealed a trend of increment, although statistical significance was not reached. Significance: The increase of glutamate level in the brain may be a crucial process involved in the pathophysiology of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Di Hu
- Laboratory for Biofunction Dynamic Imaging, RIkagaku KENkyusho/Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Systems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Mental Health Center, Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeman Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiyun Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- Mental Health Center, Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Handi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Handi Zhang
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144
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Naviaux RK. Perspective: Cell danger response Biology-The new science that connects environmental health with mitochondria and the rising tide of chronic illness. Mitochondrion 2019; 51:40-45. [PMID: 31877376 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper is written for non-specialists in mitochondrial biology to provide access to an important area of science that has broad implications for all people. The cell danger response (CDR) is a universal response to environmental threat or injury. Once triggered, healing cannot be completed until the choreographed stages of the CDR are returned to an updated state of readiness. Although the CDR is a cellular response, it has the power to change human thought and behavior, child development, physical fitness and resilience, fertility, and the susceptibility of entire populations to disease. Mitochondria regulate the CDR by monitoring and responding to the physical, chemical, and microbial conditions within and around the cell. In this way, mitochondria connect cellular health to environmental health. Over 7,000 chemicals are now made or imported to the US for industrial, agricultural, and personal care use in amounts ranging from 25,000 to over 1 million pounds each year, and plastic waste now exceeds 83 billion pounds/year. This chemical load creates a rising tide of manmade pollutants in the oceans, air, water, and food chain. Fewer than 5% of these chemicals have been tested for developmental toxicity. In the 1980s, 5-10% of children lived with a chronic illness. As of 2018, 40% of children, 50% of teens, 60% of adults under age 65, and 90% of adults over 65 live with a chronic illness. Several studies now report the presence of dozens to hundreds of manmade chemicals and pollutants in placenta, umbilical cord blood, and newborn blood spots. New methods in metabolomics and exposomics allow scientists to measure thousands of chemicals in blood, air, water, soil, and the food chain. Systematic measurements of environmental chemicals can now be correlated with annual and regional patterns of childhood illness. These data can be used to prepare a prioritized list of molecules for congressional action, ranked according to their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Naviaux
- Professor of Genetics, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson Street, Building CTF, Room C107, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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145
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Comhaire F, Deslypere JP. News and views in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): The role of co-morbidity and novel treatments. Med Hypotheses 2019; 134:109444. [PMID: 31669858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Though affecting many thousands of patients, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) should be considered an orphan disease, since the cause remains elusive and no treatment is available that can provide complete cure. There is reasonable insight into the pathogenesis of signs and symptoms, and treatments specifically directed to immunological, inflammatory and metabolic processes offer relief to an increasing number of patients. Particular attention is given to the importance of co-morbidity requiring appropriate therapy. Promising results are obtained by treatment with Metformin, or possibly Momordica charantia extract, which will correct insulin resistance, with Meldonium improving the transportation of glucose into the mitochondria, with sodium dichloroacetate activating pyruvate dehydrogenase, and with nutraceutical support reducing oxidative and inflammatory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Comhaire
- Emeritus Professor of Internal Medicine, Endrocrinology and Metabolic diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
| | - J P Deslypere
- Managing Director Aesculape CRO BVBA, Belseledorp, 116; B9111 Belsele, Belgium
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146
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104450. [PMID: 31509764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling condition with a paucity of effective and evidence-based therapies, reflecting a major unmet need. Cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise are of modest benefit for only some ME/CFS patients, and many sufferers report aggravation of symptoms of fatigue with exercise. The presence of a multiplicity of pathophysiological abnormalities in at least the subgroup of people with ME/CFS diagnosed with the current international consensus "Fukuda" criteria, points to numerous potential therapeutic targets. Such abnormalities include extensive data showing that at least a subgroup has a pro-inflammatory state, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, disruption of gut mucosal barriers and mitochondrial dysfunction together with dysregulated bioenergetics. In this paper, these pathways are summarised, and data regarding promising therapeutic options that target these pathways are highlighted; they include coenzyme Q10, melatonin, curcumin, molecular hydrogen and N-acetylcysteine. These data are promising yet preliminary, suggesting hopeful avenues to address this major unmet burden of illness.
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147
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Komaroff
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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148
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Abstract
Mitochondrial psychobiology is the study of the interactions between psychological states and the biological processes that take place within mitochondria. It also examines how mitochondrial behavior influence neural, endocrine, and immune systems known to transduce psychological experiences into health outcomes. Unlike traditional biological outcomes and mediators, mitochondria are dynamic and multifunctional living organisms. By leveraging a variety of laboratory tools including omics, scientists can now map mitochondrial behavior at multiple levels of complexity - from isolated molecular markers to dynamic functional and signaling outcomes. Here we discuss current efforts to develop relevant measures of mitochondrial behavior in accessible human tissues, increase their biological specificity by applying precise measurements in defined cell populations, create composite indices reflecting mitochondrial health, and integrate these approaches with psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune outcomes. This systematic inter-disciplinary effort will help move the field of mitochondrial psychobiology towards a predictive science explaining how, and to what extent, mitochondria contribute to the biological embedding of stress and other psychological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yan Burelle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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149
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Naviaux RK, Naviaux JC, Li K, Wang L, Monk JM, Bright AT, Koslik HJ, Ritchie JB, Golomb BA. Metabolic features of Gulf War illness. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219531. [PMID: 31348786 PMCID: PMC6660083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 230,000 veterans-about 1/3 of US personnel deployed in the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War-developed chronic, multi-symptom health problems now called "Gulf War illness" (GWI), for which mechanisms and objective diagnostic signatures continue to be sought. METHODS Targeted, broad-spectrum serum metabolomics was used to gain insights into the biology of GWI. 40 male participants, included 20 veterans who met both Kansas and CDC diagnostic criteria for GWI and 20 nonveteran controls without similar symptoms that were 1:1 matched to GWI cases by age, sex, and ethnicity. Serum samples were collected and archived at -80° C prior to testing. 358 metabolites from 46 biochemical pathways were measured by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Veterans with GWI, compared to healthy controls, had abnormalities in 8 of 46 biochemical pathways interrogated. Lipid abnormalities accounted for 78% of the metabolic impact. Fifteen ceramides and sphingomyelins, and four phosphatidylcholine lipids were increased. Five of the 8 pathways were shared with the previously reported metabolic phenotype of males with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). However, 4 of the 5 shared pathways were regulated in opposite directions; key pathways that were up-regulated in GWI were down-regulated in ME/CFS. The single pathway regulated in the same direction was purines, which were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that despite heterogeneous exposure histories, a metabolic phenotype of GWI was clearly distinguished from controls. Metabolomic differences between GWI and ME/CFS show that common clinical symptoms like fatigue can have different chemical mechanisms and different diagnostic implications. Larger studies will be needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - A. Taylor Bright
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hayley J. Koslik
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Janis B. Ritchie
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Beatrice A. Golomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
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150
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Kashi AA, Davis RW, Phair RD. The IDO Metabolic Trap Hypothesis for the Etiology of ME/CFS. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E82. [PMID: 31357483 PMCID: PMC6787624 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating noncommunicable disease brandishing an enormous worldwide disease burden with some evidence of inherited genetic risk. Absence of measurable changes in patients' standard blood work has necessitated ad hoc symptom-driven therapies and a dearth of mechanistic hypotheses regarding its etiology and possible cure. A new hypothesis, the indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolic trap, was developed and formulated as a mathematical model. The historical occurrence of ME/CFS outbreaks is a singular feature of the disease and implies that any predisposing genetic mutation must be common. A database search for common damaging mutations in human enzymes produces 208 hits, including IDO2 with four such mutations. Non-functional IDO2, combined with well-established substrate inhibition of IDO1 and kinetic asymmetry of the large neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1, yielded a mathematical model of tryptophan metabolism that displays both physiological and pathological steady-states. Escape from the pathological one requires an exogenous perturbation. This model also identifies a critical point in cytosolic tryptophan abundance beyond which descent into the pathological steady-state is inevitable. If, however, means can be discovered to return cytosolic tryptophan below the critical point, return to the normal physiological steady-state is assured. Testing this hypothesis for any cell type requires only labelled tryptophan, a means to measure cytosolic tryptophan and kynurenine, and the standard tools of tracer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Kashi
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ronald W Davis
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert D Phair
- Integrative Bioinformatics Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041, USA.
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