101
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Padmaja A, Rajasekhar C, Muralikrishna A, Padmavathi V. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of oxazolyl/thiazolylsulfonylmethyl pyrazoles and isoxazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5034-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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102
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Vorobyeva DV, Karimova NM, Odinets IL, Röschenthaler GV, Osipov SN. Click-chemistry approach to isoxazole-containing α-CF3-substituted α-aminocarboxylates and α-aminophosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7335-42. [PMID: 21887453 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient strategy for the synthesis of isoxazole-containing α-CF(3)-substituted α-aminocarboxylates and α-aminophosphonates have been developed. The method is based on copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of different aromatic nitrile oxides to functionalized acetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Vorobyeva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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103
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Tiwari V, Parvez A, Meshram J. Benign methodology and improved synthesis of 5-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoline using acetic acid aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:911-916. [PMID: 21227731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we have executed the synthesis of substituted 5-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazolines via the reactions of substituted 3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium acetate in aqueous acetic acid solution in 72-90% yields at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. This method provides several advantages such as operational simplicity, higher yield, safety and environment friendly protocol. The resulting substituted isoxazolines were characterized on the basis of (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, IR, elemental analysis, and mass spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Rashtasant Tukadoji Maharaj, Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.
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104
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Lopes S, Nunes CM, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Pinho e Melo TMVD, Fausto R. Photochemistry and Vibrational Spectra of Matrix-Isolated Methyl 4-Chloro-5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxylate. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1199-209. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susy Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M. Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (Conicet La Plata, UNLP), RA-1900, Argentina
| | | | - Rui Fausto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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105
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Jawalekar AM, Reubsaet E, Rutjes FPJT, van Delft FL. Synthesis of isoxazoles by hypervalent iodine-induced cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3198-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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106
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Jiang B, Zhang G, Ma N, Shi F, Tu SJ, Kaur P, Li G. A new rapid multicomponent domino reaction for the formation of functionalized benzo[h]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3834-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05034f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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107
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Lee SK, Kim JN, Min JH, Yoon KS, Shin KD, Kwon BM, Han DC. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of KRIBB3 Analogues on a Proliferation of HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.12.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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108
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Yoon YJ, Kim JA, Shin KD, Shin DS, Han YM, Lee YJ, Lee JS, Kwon BM, Han DC. KRIBB11 inhibits HSP70 synthesis through inhibition of heat shock factor 1 function by impairing the recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b to the hsp70 promoter. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1737-47. [PMID: 21078672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.179440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master switch for heat shock protein (HSP) expression in eukaryotes. A synthetic chemical library was screened to identify inhibitors of HSF1 using a luciferase reporter under the control of a heat shock element. A compound named KRIBB11 (N(2)-(1H-indazole-5-yl)-N(6)-methyl-3-nitropyridine-2,6-diamine) was identified for its activity in abolishing the heat shock-induced luciferase activity with an IC(50) of 1.2 μmol/liter. When the cells were exposed to heat shock in the presence of KRIBB11, the induction of HSF1 downstream target proteins such as HSP27 and HSP70 was blocked. In addition, treatment of HCT-116 cells with KRIBB11 induced growth arrest and apoptosis. Markers of apoptosis, such as cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, were detected after KRIBB11 treatment. Biotinyl-KRIBB11 was synthesized as an affinity probe for the identification of KRIBB11 target proteins. Using affinity chromatography and competition assays, KRIBB11 was shown to associate with HSF1 in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that KRIBB11 inhibited HSF1-dependent recruitment of p-TEFb (positive transcription elongation factor b) to the hsp70 promoter. Finally, intraperitoneal treatment of nude mice with KRIBB11 at 50 mg/kg resulted in a 47.4% (p < 0.05) inhibition of tumor growth without body weight loss. Immunoblotting assays showed that the expression of HSP70 was lower in KRIBB11-treated tumor tissue than in control tissues. Because HSPs are expressed at high levels in a wide range of tumors, these results strengthen the rationale for targeting HSF1 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Yoon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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109
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) belongs to a Ser/Thr kinase family containing four members, RSK1 - 4, which play an essential role in a number of cellular functions including cell cycle, survival and proliferation. Recent advances reveal a crucial role of RSK2 in oncogenesis and tumor progression, making RSK2 an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. AREA COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Recent findings identifying the role of RSK2 in human cancers, including hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors. Therapeutic implications of targeting RSK2 are also discussed with regard to clinical circumstance. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying RSK2 activation and its contribution to human cancers and also insight into the development of novel targeted cancer therapy. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The significance of RSK2 in cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion and tumor metastasis varies amongst human malignancies and depends on the signaling properties of the oncogenes and cellular microenvironment of the transformed cells. Thus, further exploitation of RSK2 signaling and its dynamic interaction with other crucial oncogenic and pro-metastatic pathways in different human malignancies is needed for more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kang
- Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ;
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110
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Reddy VM, Reddy KR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel-3-(5-substituted benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-arylisoxazolines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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111
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Kang S, Elf S, Lythgoe K, Hitosugi T, Taunton J, Zhou W, Xiong L, Wang D, Muller S, Fan S, Sun SY, Marcus AI, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Chen ZG, Khuri FR, Shin DM, Chen J. p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 promotes invasion and metastasis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:1165-77. [PMID: 20234090 DOI: 10.1172/jci40582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer and frequently metastasizes to LNs. Identifying metastasis-promoting factors is of immense clinical interest, as the prognosis for patients with even a single unilateral LN metastasis is extremely poor. Here, we report that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) promotes human HNSCC cell invasion and metastasis. We determined that RSK2 was overexpressed and activated in highly invasive HNSCC cell lines compared with poorly invasive cell lines. Expression of RSK2 also correlated with metastatic progression in patients with HNSCC. Ectopic expression of RSK2 substantially enhanced the invasive capacity of HNSCC cells, while inhibition of RSK2 activity led to marked attenuation of invasion in vitro. Additionally, shRNA knockdown of RSK2 substantially reduced the invasive and metastatic potential of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft mouse model, respectively. Mechanistically, we determined that cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and Hsp27 are phosphorylated and activated by RSK2 and are important for the RSK2-mediated invasive ability of HNSCC cells. Our findings suggest that RSK2 is involved in the prometastatic programming of HNSCC cells, through phosphorylation of proteins in a putative signaling network. Moreover, targeting RSK2 markedly attenuates in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of HNSCC cells, suggesting that RSK2 may represent a therapeutic target in the treatment of metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kang
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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112
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Savant MM, Pansuriya AM, Bhuva CV, Kapuriya N, Patel AS, Audichya VB, Pipaliya PV, Naliapara YT. Water Mediated Construction of Trisubstituted Pyrazoles/Isoxazoles Library Using Ketene Dithioacetals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 12:176-80. [DOI: 10.1021/cc900148q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M. Savant
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Akshay M. Pansuriya
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Chirag V. Bhuva
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Naval Kapuriya
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Anil S. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Vipul B. Audichya
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Piyush V. Pipaliya
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Yogesh T. Naliapara
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
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113
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Altuğ C, Dürüst Y, Elliott MC. Reactions of alkylidenepyrrolidines with α-chlorooximes and α-chlorohydrazones. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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114
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Kostenko S, Moens U. Heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation: kinases, phosphatases, functions and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3289-307. [PMID: 19593530 PMCID: PMC11115724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein Hsp27 or its murine homologue Hsp25 acts as an ATP-independent chaperone in protein folding, but is also implicated in architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, metabolism, cell survival, growth/differentiation, mRNA stabilization, and tumor progression. A variety of stimuli induce phosphorylation of serine residues 15, 78, and 82 in Hsp27 and serines 15 and 86 in Hsp25. This post-translational modification affects some of the cellular functions of Hsp25/27. As a consequence of the functional importance of Hsp25/27 phosphorylation, aberrant Hsp27 phosphorylation has been linked to several clinical conditions. This review focuses on the different Hsp25/27 kinases and phosphatases that regulate the phosphorylation pattern of Hsp25/27, and discusses the recent findings of the biological implications of these phosphorylation events in physiological and pathological processes. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring anomalous Hsp27 phosphorylation in human diseases will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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115
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Hsp-27 expression at diagnosis predicts poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer independent of ETS-gene rearrangement. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1137-44. [PMID: 19707199 PMCID: PMC2768089 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to test the hypothesis that expression of small heat shock protein Hsp-27 is, at diagnosis, a reliable predictive biomarker of clinically aggressive prostate cancer. METHODS A panel of tissue microarrays constructed from a well-characterised cohort of 553 men with conservatively managed prostate cancer was stained immunohistochemically to detect Hsp-27 protein. Hsp-27 expression was compared with a series of pathological and clinical parameters, including outcome. RESULTS Hsp-27 staining was indicative of higher Gleason score (P<0.001). In tissue cores having a Gleason score >7, the presence of Hsp-27 retained its power to independently predict poor clinical outcome (P<0.002). Higher levels of Hsp-27 staining were almost entirely restricted to cancers lacking ERG rearrangements (chi2 trend=31.4, P<0.001), although this distribution did not have prognostic significance. INTERPRETATION This study has confirmed that, in prostate cancers managed conservatively over a period of more than 15 years, expression of Hsp-27 is an accurate and independent predictive biomarker of aggressive disease with poor clinical outcome (P<0.001). These findings suggest that apoptotic and cell-migration pathways modulated by Hsp-27 may contain targets susceptible to the development of biologically appropriate chemotherapeutic agents that are likely to prove effective in treating aggressive prostate cancers.
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116
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García-Castillo J, Pedersen K, Angelini PD, Bech-Serra JJ, Colomé N, Cunningham MP, Parra-Palau JL, Canals F, Baselga J, Arribas J. HER2 carboxyl-terminal fragments regulate cell migration and cortactin phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25302-13. [PMID: 19589785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of breast cancer patients with a higher probability of developing metastasis expresses a series of carboxyl-terminal fragments (CTFs) of the tyrosine kinase receptor HER2. One of these fragments, 611-CTF, is a hyperactive form of HER2 that constitutively establishes homodimers maintained by disulfide bonds, making it an excellent model to study overactivation of HER2 during tumor progression and metastasis. Here we show that expression of 611-CTF increases cell motility in a variety of assays. Since cell motility is frequently regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, we looked for phosphoproteins mediating the effect of 611-CTF using two alternative proteomic approaches, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture and difference gel electrophoresis, and found that the latter is particularly well suited to detect changes in multiphosphorylated proteins. The difference gel electrophoresis screening identified cortactin, a cytoskeleton-binding protein involved in the regulation of cell migration, as a phosphoprotein probably regulated by 611-CTF. This result was validated by characterizing cortactin in cells expressing this HER2 fragment. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of cortactin impairs 611-CTF-induced cell migration. These results suggest that cortactin is a target of 611-CTF involved in the regulation of cell migration and, thus, in the metastatic behavior of breast tumors expressing this CTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Research Program, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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117
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Zhang LX, Zhang XH, Yan S. 4-(4-Methoxy-phen-yl)-3-methyl-1,6-di-oxa-2,8-diaza-s-indacen-5(7H)-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1054. [PMID: 21583871 PMCID: PMC2977735 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809013373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the molecule of the title compound, C16H12N2O4, the pyridine ring is oriented at the same dihedral angle of 2.92 (3)° with respect to the furan and isoxazole rings, while the dihedral angle between furan and isoxazole rings is 1.34 (3)°. The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 53.23 (3)°. In the crystal structure, intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions link the molecules into chains. Weak π–π contacts between isoxazole and benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.969 (3) Å] may further stabilize the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
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118
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Tu SJ, Zhang XH, Han ZG, Cao XD, Wu SS, Yan S, Hao WJ, Zhang G, Ma N. Synthesis of Isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines by Microwave-Assisted Multi-Component Reactions in Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:428-32. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800212v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Guo Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P. R. China
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119
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Kostenko S, Johannessen M, Moens U. PKA-induced F-actin rearrangement requires phosphorylation of Hsp27 by the MAPKAP kinase MK5. Cell Signal 2009; 21:712-8. [PMID: 19166925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways can play a role in F-actin dynamics. In particular, the p38 MAPK/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2)/heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) pathway is involved in F-actin alternations. Previously, we showed that MK5 is implicated in F-actin rearrangement induced by the cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells, while others found Hsp27 to be a good in vitro MK5 substrate. Here we demonstrate that MK5 can specifically interact with Hsp27 in vivo and can induce phosphorylation at serine residues 78 and 82 in cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of Hsp27 protein levels, as well as overexpression of the non-phosphorylatable Hsp27-3A mutant prevented forskolin-induced F-actin reorganization. While ectopic expression of a constitutive active MK5 mutant was sufficient to induce F-actin rearrangement in PC12 cells, co-expression of Hsp27-3A could ablate this process. Our results imply that MK5 is involved in Hsp27-controlled F-actin dynamics in response to activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway. These findings render the MK5/Hsp27 connection into a putative therapeutic target for conditions with aberrant Hsp27 phosphorylation such as metastasis, cardiovascular diseases, muscle atrophy, autoimmune skin disease and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Kostenko
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Virology, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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120
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Romanucci M, Bastow T, Della Salda L. Heat shock proteins in animal neoplasms and human tumours--a comparison. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:253-62. [PMID: 18335321 PMCID: PMC2673947 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are implicated in all phases of cancer from proliferation, impaired apoptosis and sustained angiogenesis to invasion and metastasis. The presence of abnormal HSP levels in several human tumours suggests that these proteins could be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, whilst the direct correlation between HSP expression and drug resistance in neoplastic tissues means they could also be used to predict cancer response to specific treatment. HSPs have also been successfully targeted in clinical trials modifying their expression or chaperone activity. Preliminary studies in veterinary medicine have also demonstrated the presence of altered HSP expression in neoplasms, and the study of carcinogenesis and the role of HSPs in animal models will surely be an additional source of information for clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Tania Bastow
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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121
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Leslie BJ, Hergenrother PJ. Identification of the cellular targets of bioactive small organic molecules using affinity reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1347-60. [PMID: 18568161 DOI: 10.1039/b702942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of molecular targets of bioactive small organic molecules remains a significant challenge in modern biomedical research and drug discovery. This tutorial review summarizes strategies for the derivatization of bioactive small molecules and their use as affinity probes to identify cellular binding partners. Special emphasis is placed on logistical concerns as well as common problems encountered during such target identification experiments. The roadmap provided is a guide through the process of affinity probe selection, target identification, and downstream target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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122
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HSP27 regulates cell adhesion and invasion via modulation of focal adhesion kinase and MMP-2 expression. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:377-87. [PMID: 18472181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27), a member of the small heat-shock protein family, is a molecule involved in cellular protection in response to a variety of stresses such as heat shock, toxicants, and oxidative stress. HSP27 is also known to modulate cell functions via interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. To elucidate the functions of HSP27 in adhesion and invasion in more detail, we examined NIH3T3 cells overexpressing HSP27. HSP27 overexpression affected FAK phosphorylation and focal adhesion formation, depending on integrin-mediated actin cytoskeleton polymerization. In addition, the HSP27-overexpressing cells showed a retarded cell migration and invasion in wound-healing assays. Such HSP27-mediated retarded wound healing was correlated with reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. The transcription factor for MMP-2 expression, signal transducer and activator or transcription 3 (STAT3), was correspondingly less phosphorylated. When a phosphomimetic form of HSP27 was transiently transfected, migration and invasion were similarly decreased via the regulation of the FAK/STAT3/MMP-2 signaling pathway, whereas a non-phosphorylatable form of HSP27 blocked HSP27-mediated phenotypes probably due to a dominant-negative effect on phosphorylation of endogenous HSP27. Altogether, our results suggest that HSP27 can enhance cell adhesion and modulate cell migration and invasion via the coordination of FAK-dependent actin organization and STAT3-dependent MMP-2 expression, and that phosphorylation of HSP27 is indispensable to regulate this signal pathway.
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Bauer A, Stockwell B. Neurobiological applications of small molecule screening. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1774-86. [PMID: 18447397 DOI: 10.1021/cr0782372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bauer
- Columbia University, Department of Biological Sciences, 614 Fairchild Center, New York, New York 10027, USA
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124
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Yuan J, Rozengurt E. PKD, PKD2, and p38 MAPK mediate Hsp27 serine-82 phosphorylation induced by neurotensin in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:648-62. [PMID: 17570131 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that Hsp27 is a downstream substrate of the p38 MAPK cascade whereas the role of PKD family members in mediating receptor-stimulated Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation has not been evaluated. Here, we show that neurotensin induced a rapid and striking increase in Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation in PANC-1 cells, which was closely correlated with stimulation of activation loop phosphorylation of PKDs and p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 phosphorylation. Treatment of PANC-1 cells with either the selective PKC inhibitor GF-I or the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 partially reduced neurotensin-induced Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation. However, treatment of the cells with a combination of GF-I and SB202190 virtually abolished neurotensin-induced Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation. Overexpression of PKD in stably transfected PANC-1 cells increased the magnitude and prolonged the duration of Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation in response to neurotensin. Either PKD or PKD2 gene silencing utilizing siRNAs targeting distinct PKD or PKD2 sequences reduced neurotensin-stimulated Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation, but cotransfection of siRNAs targeting both, PKD and PKD2, markedly decreased neurotensin-induced Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation. Knockdown of PKD and PKD2 abolished Hsp27 phosphorylation in cells treated with SB202190. Thus, neurotensin induces Hsp27 Ser-82 phosphorylation through p38 MAPK- and PKC/PKD-dependent pathways in PANC-1 cells. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that neurotensin induces a striking increase in Hsp27 phosphorylation on Ser-82 in PANC-1 cells through convergent p38 MAPK, PKD, and PKD2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yuan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine; CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Azarifar D, Maleki B, Setayeshnazar M. Silica Sulfuric Acid-Activated Poly-1,3,- dichloro-5-methyl-5-(4’-vinylphenyl)hydantoin (PDCVH) as an Effective Reagent for Oxidation of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted 2-Pyrazolines Both under Microwave Irradiation and Thermal Conditions. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved and inhabit nearly all subcellular locations where they perform a variety of chaperoning functions including folding and unfolding of nascent polypeptides, proteins, transport of proteins, and support of antigen presentation processes. Apart from their intracellular location Hsps with a molecular weight of 70 kDa (Hsp70) also have been found on the plasma membrane of malignantly transformed cells, on virally/bacterial infected cells and in the extracellular space. Depending on their intra- and extracellular location Hsps exert either protection against environmental stress or act as potent stimulators of the immune response. In this review we address the dual function of intracellular and extracellular located small Hsps and members of the Hsp70 family and its immunological consequences for cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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127
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Shi B, Grahn JC, Reilly DA, Dizon TC, Isseroff RR. Responses of the 27-kDa heat shock protein to UVB irradiation in human epidermal melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2007; 17:108-14. [PMID: 18031542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental hazard for the skin, and UVB (280-320 nm) has been proposed to be a main factor for melanoma development. In response to sunlight exposure, the skin has adapted a number of innate resistance mechanisms. Among them is the small heat shock protein of 27 kDa (HSP27) known to play a role in the protection of cells from variety of environmental insults including UV irradiation. In this study, we demonstrated that UVB irradiation of cultured normal epidermal melanocytes initiates changes in HSP27 phosphorylation and localization. In unstressed melanocytes, HSP27 was present as the non-phosphorylated isoform. UVB irradiation with a physiological dose (7-25 mJ/cm(2)) resulted in the formation of a mono-phosphorylated isoform and sometimes a bi-phosphorylated isoform. The UVB-induced HSP27 phosphorylation was inhibited when melanocytes were treated with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine or inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase prior to UVB exposure, suggesting that UVB induced HSP27 phosphorylation through reactive oxygen species/p38 MAP kinase pathway. In response to UBV irradiation, HSP27 in melanocytes translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The HSP27 responses may provide some protective role against UVB-induced cell damage in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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128
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Id-1 promotes TGF-beta1-induced cell motility through HSP27 activation and disassembly of adherens junction in prostate epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:3983-99. [PMID: 17916352 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Id-1 (inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding-1) has been positively associated with cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and invasiveness during tumorigenesis. In addition, Id-1 has been shown to modulate cellular sensitivity to TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor beta1). Here we demonstrate a novel role of Id-1 in promoting TGF-beta1-induced cell motility in a non-malignant prostate epithelial cell line, NPTX. We found that Id-1 promoted F-actin stress fiber formation in response to TGF-beta1, which was associated with increased cell-substrate adhesion and cell migration in NPTX cells. In addition, this positive effect of Id-1 on TGF-beta1-induced cell motility was mediated through activation of MEK-ERK signaling pathway and subsequent phosphorylation of HSP27 (heat shock protein 27). Furthermore, Id-1 disrupted the adherens junction complex in TGF-beta1-treated cells through down-regulation of E-cadherin, redistribution of beta-catenin, along with up-regulation of N-cadherin. These lines of evidence reveal a novel tumorigenic role of Id-1 through reorganization of actin cytoskeleton and disassembly of cell-cell adhesion in response to TGF-beta1 in human prostate epithelial cells, and suggest that intracellular Id-1 levels might be a determining factor for switching TGF-beta1 from a growth inhibitor to a tumor promoter during prostate carcinogenesis.
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129
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Shin KD, Yoon YJ, Kang YR, Son KH, Kim HM, Kwon BM, Han DC. KRIBB3, a novel microtubule inhibitor, induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:383-94. [PMID: 17915194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
KRIBB3 (5-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) isoxazole) inhibited cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry studies showed that KRIBB3 caused cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase and subsequent apoptosis. This was confirmed as accumulation of Cyclin B1 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were detected. While transient inhibition by KRIBB3 led to reversible mitotic arrest, prolonged exposure to KRIBB3-induced apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that KRIBB3 initially induced association of inhibitory Mad2 with p55CDC (mammalian homologue of CDC20), an activator of APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome), suggesting that the mitotic spindle checkpoint was activated by KRIBB3. However, the level of this inhibitory complex of Mad2 with p55CDC was gradually decreased 24 h after KRIBB3 treatment, and was hardly detectable after 48 h, indicating some slipping of the mitotic checkpoint. Consistent with these observations, KRIBB3 activated the mitotic spindle checkpoint by disrupting the microtubule cytoskeleton. KRIBB3 was proven to be a tubulin inhibitor using in vitro polymerization assays and in vivo indirect immunofluorescence staining. The temporal pattern of Bax activation by KRIBB3 was similar to PARP cleavage, suggesting that Bax is a mediator of KRIBB3-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, when KRIBB3 was administered intraperitoneally into nude mice at 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, it inhibited 49.5 or 70.3% of tumor growth, respectively. These results suggest that KRIBB3 is a good drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Deok Shin
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoeun-dong Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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130
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Zhang D, Wong LL, Koay ESC. Phosphorylation of Ser78 of Hsp27 correlated with HER-2/neu status and lymph node positivity in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:52. [PMID: 17697330 PMCID: PMC1976621 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal amplification/expression of HER-2/neu oncogene has been causally linked with tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer and associated with shortened overall survival of patients. Recently, heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) was reported to be highly expressed in HER-2/neu positive tumors and cell lines. However, putative functional links between phosphorylation of Hsp27 with HER-2/neu status and other clinicopathological features remain to be elucidated. Results Comparative phosphoproteomic studies of HER-2/neu positive and -negative breast tumors revealed that Hsp27, one of the identified phosphoproteins, was highly phosphorylated in HER-2/neu positive tumors. The extent of Hsp27 phosphorylation at its Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82 residues were further evaluated with site-specific antibodies in tumor samples by tissue lysate array- and tissue microarray-based analyses, and in the BT474 breast cancer cell line treated with heregulin α1 (HRG α1) or the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. The tissue lysate array study indicated that only the level of pSer78 in HER-2/neu positive tumors was more than 2-fold that in HER-2/neu negative tumors. Treatment of BT474 cells with HRG α1 and SB203580 indicated that Ser78 phosphorylation was mainly regulated by the HER-2/neu-p38 MAPK pathway. Immunohistochemical staining of sections from a tissue microarray with 97 breast tumors showed that positive staining of pSer78 significantly correlated with HER-2/neu (p = 0.004) and lymph node positivity (p = 0.026). Conclusion This investigation demonstrated the significant correlation of enhanced phosphorylation of the Ser78 residue of Hsp27 with HER-2/neu and lymph node positivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Lee Lee Wong
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Evelyn SC Koay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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131
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Arrigo AP. The cellular "networking" of mammalian Hsp27 and its functions in the control of protein folding, redox state and apoptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 594:14-26. [PMID: 17205671 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-39975-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells possess effective mechanisms to cope with chronic or acute disturbance of homeostasis. Key roles in maintaining or restoring homeostasis are played by the various heat shock or stress proteins (Hsps). Among the Hsps, the group of proteins characterized by low molecular masses (between 20 to 30 kDa) and homology to alpha-crystallin are called small stress proteins (denoted sHsps). The present chapter summarizes the actual knowledge of the protective mechanisms generated by the expression of mammalian Hsp27 (also denoted HspB1 in human) against the cytotoxicity induced by heat shock and oxidative stress. It also describes the anti-apoptotic properties of Hsp27 and their putative consequences in different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-Patrick Arrigo
- Laboratoire Stress Oxydant, Chaperons et Apoptose, CNRS UMR 5534, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard, 16 rue Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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132
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Nomura N, Nomura M, Sugiyama K, Hamada JI. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells is mediated via p38MAPK/Hsp27 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:690-701. [PMID: 17640620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells focusing on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) pathway. PMA-induced cell migration and activation of p38MAPK in A172 glioblastoma cells. PMA-induced formation of lamellipodia and focal complexes was blocked by inhibiting p38MAPK with SB203580 or small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, activation of p38MAPK resulted in phosphorylation of an F-actin polymerization regulator, Hsp27. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that upon PMA stimulation, both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated Hsp27 were translocated to the lamellipodia. SB203580 or p38MAPK siRNA blocked these phenomena, indicating that Hsp27 phosphorylation and translocation from cytosol to membrane were mediated by p38MAPK. To address the question of whether endogenous Hsp27 participates in PMA-induced migration, we inhibited the expression of Hsp27 using Hsp27 siRNA. Although knockdown of Hsp27 by siRNA had little effect on p38MAPK activation, lamellipodia and focal complex formation was markedly inhibited. Migration was also abolished in Hsp27 siRNA-transfected cells. In conclusion, p38MAPK activation followed by Hsp27 phosphorylation was required for PMA-induced migration. Furthermore, Hsp27 itself played critical roles in PMA-induced migration. Our data provide substantial evidence for a model elucidating the molecular mechanisms of regulation of actin dynamics and migration by PMA-activated protein kinase C in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-0935, Japan
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133
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Li G, Kakarla R, Gerritz SW. A fast and efficient bromination of isoxazoles and pyrazoles by microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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134
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Casado P, Zuazua-Villar P, Prado MA, Valle ED, Iglesias JM, Martínez-Campa C, Lazo PS, Ramos S. Characterization of HSP27 phosphorylation induced by microtubule interfering agents: Implication of p38 signalling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 461:123-9. [PMID: 17367746 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine and paclitaxel are widely used antitumoral drugs that interfere with microtubule dynamics. We have previously demonstrated that vincristine induces phosphorylation of HSP27 at serine 82 in MCF-7 cells. In this report, we show that vincristine also causes phosphorylation of serines 78 and 15. Moreover, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of this chaperone is induced by the p38 signalling pathway while the JNK pathway is not implicated. Differences between vincristine and paclitaxel treatments are also appreciated. Thus, while vincristine induces a strong phosphorylation of the three serines, paclitaxel induces a weak phosphorylation of serine 78 and has no effect over serines 82 and 15 phosphorylation. Interestingly, pre-treatment of cells with a ten-fold excess of paclitaxel abolishes vincristine-induced phosphorylation of HSP27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Casado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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135
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Shi B, Han B, Schwab IR, Isseroff RR. UVB Irradiation-Induced Changes in the 27-kd Heat Shock Protein (HSP27) in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Cornea 2006; 25:948-55. [PMID: 17102673 DOI: 10.1097/01.ico.0000224643.43601.5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the presence of the 27-kd heat shock protein (HSP27) and its responses to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation in human corneal epithelium and in cultured corneal epithelial cells. METHODS Human corneal epithelial cells including presumed corneal epithelial stem cells were cultured in vitro. HSP27 expression and intracellular localization in normal corneas or cultured corneal cells were examined using immunofluorescence staining. The expression of HSP27 in cultured corneal cells was also detected using western blotting, and the phosphorylated isoforms of HSP27 were identified using isoelectric focusing. RESULTS In normal corneal tissue, HSP27 was present in limbal basal and suprabasilar epithelial cells. In cultured epithelial corneal cells, HSP27 expression was heterogeneous: Some cells expressed virtually no HSP27 and others showed relatively strong expression. HSP27 was localized to the cytoplasm in nonstressed cells and translocated to the perinuclear and nuclear areas after UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation also induced the phosphorylation of HSP27, resulting in the increase in monophosphorylated isoform and formation of biphosphorylated isoform. UV induced the phosphorylation of HSP27 apparently through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSION HSP27 is present mainly as a nonphosphorylated isoform in corneal epithelium and cultured corneal epithelial cells under nonstressed conditions. The constitutional expression of HSP27 suggests that it plays a physiologic role in the cornea. After UVB irradiation, HSP27 undergoes rapid phosphorylation and translocation. This stress response may be related to a protective role of HSP27 for survival of UVB-exposed corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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136
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Casado P, Zuazua-Villar P, del Valle E, Martínez-Campa C, Lazo PS, Ramos S. Vincristine regulates the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein HSP27 in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2006; 247:273-82. [PMID: 16843591 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine is an antitumor drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, causes G2/M arrest and induces apoptosis. 2D-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of vincristine effects on MCF7 cells, revealed a vincristine upregulated form and a vincristine downregulated form of the antiapoptotic protein HSP27. These findings linked to the lack of vincristine effect over HSP27 mRNA, suggest a protein post-translational modification. Further assays indicated the presence of a phosphorylated peptide, containing serine 82, only in the vincristine upregulated form. Serine 82 phosphorylation was confirmed using specific antibodies. Thus, phosphorylation of HSP27 may play a role in the cellular response to vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Casado
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Romanucci M, Marinelli A, Sarli G, Salda LD. Heat shock protein expression in canine malignant mammary tumours. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:171. [PMID: 16803633 PMCID: PMC1525201 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal levels of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been observed in many human neoplasms including breast cancer and it has been demonstrated that they have both prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, we evaluated immunohistochemical expression of HSPs in normal and neoplastic canine mammary glands and confronted these results with overall survival (OS), in order to understand the role of HSPs in carcinogenesis and to establish their potential prognostic and/or therapeutic value. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 was evaluated in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 30 malignant mammary tumours (10 in situ carcinomas, 10 invasive carcinomas limited to local structures without identifiable invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels, 10 carcinomas with invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels and/or metastases to regional lymph nodes). A semi-quantitative method was used for the analysis of the results. Results Widespread constitutive expression of Hsp73 and Hsp90 was detected in normal tissue, Hsp72 appeared to be focally distributed and Hsp27 showed a negative to rare weak immunostaining. In mammary tumours, a significant increase in Hsp27 (P < 0.01), Hsp72 (P < 0.05) and Hsp90 (P < 0.01) expression was observed as well as a significant reduction in Hsp73 (P < 0.01) immunoreactivity compared to normal mammary gland tissue. Hsp27 demonstrated a strong positivity in infiltrating tumour cells and metaplastic squamous elements of invasive groups. High Hsp27 expression also appeared to be significantly correlated to a shorter OS (P = 0.00087). Intense immunolabelling of Hsp72 and Hsp73 was frequently detected in infiltrative or inflammatory tumour areas. Hsp90 expression was high in all tumours and, like Hsp73, it also showed an intense positivity in lymphatic emboli. Conclusion These results suggest that Hsp27, Hsp72 and Hsp90 are involved in canine mammary gland carcinogenesis. In addition, Hsp27 appears to be implicated in tumour invasiveness and its high immunodetection in invasive tumours is indicative of a poorer clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Marinelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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NAKAGAWA SHINYA, MATSUDA KEIJI, NAKANO TOMOYA, JAGETIA GANESHCHANDRA, ASAUMI JUNICHI, KAWASAKI SHOJI. A Benzylidene Lactam, KNK437 Inhibits the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Oral Cancer Cell Lines Exposed to Hyperthermia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3191/thermalmedicine.22.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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