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Rowland L, Zaragoza‐Castells J, Bloomfield KJ, Turnbull MH, Bonal D, Burban B, Salinas N, Cosio E, Metcalfe DJ, Ford A, Phillips OL, Atkin OK, Meir P. Scaling leaf respiration with nitrogen and phosphorus in tropical forests across two continents. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1064-1077. [PMID: 27159833 PMCID: PMC5412872 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) represents an important component controlling the carbon balance in tropical forests. Here, we test how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) affect Rdark and its relationship with photosynthesis using three widely separated tropical forests which differ in soil fertility. Rdark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Guiana, Peru and Australia. The variation in Rdark was examined in relation to leaf N and P content, leaf structure and maximum photosynthetic rates at ambient and saturating atmospheric CO2 concentration. We found that the site with the lowest fertility (French Guiana) exhibited greater rates of Rdark per unit leaf N, P and photosynthesis. The data from Australia, for which there were no phylogenetic overlaps with the samples from the South American sites, yielded the most distinct relationships of Rdark with the measured leaf traits. Our data indicate that no single universal scaling relationship accounts for variation in Rdark across this large biogeographical space. Variability between sites in the absolute rates of Rdark and the Rdark : photosynthesis ratio were driven by variations in N- and P-use efficiency, which were related to both taxonomic and environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JNUK
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterAmory BuildingExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Joana Zaragoza‐Castells
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JNUK
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterAmory BuildingExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - Keith J. Bloomfield
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
| | - Matthew H. Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag4800ChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRAUMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie ForestieresChampenoux54280France
| | - Benoit Burban
- INRA UMR‐ECOFOGCampus agronomique ‐ BP 31697379KourouFrench GuianaFrance
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Eric Cosio
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica del PeruSeccion QuimicaAv Universitaria 1801, San MiguelLimaPeru
| | - Daniel J. Metcalfe
- CSIROLand and WaterTropical Forest Research CentreAthertonQLD4883Australia
| | - Andrew Ford
- CSIROLand and WaterTropical Forest Research CentreAthertonQLD4883Australia
| | | | - Owen K. Atkin
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyDivision of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
| | - Patrick Meir
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterAmory BuildingExeterEX4 4RJUK
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberra2601ACTAustralia
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102
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Teardo E, Carraretto L, Wagner S, Formentin E, Behera S, De Bortoli S, Larosa V, Fuchs P, Lo Schiavo F, Raffaello A, Rizzuto R, Costa A, Schwarzländer M, Szabò I. Physiological Characterization of a Plant Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Vitro and in Vivo. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1355-1370. [PMID: 28031475 PMCID: PMC5291028 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the recent years, several proteins that make up the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) mediating Ca2+uptake into the mitochondrial matrix have been identified in mammals, including the channel-forming protein MCU. Although six MCU gene homologs are conserved in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in which mitochondria can accumulate Ca2+, a functional characterization of plant MCU homologs has been lacking. Using electrophysiology, we show that one isoform, AtMCU1, gives rise to a Ca2+-permeable channel activity that can be observed even in the absence of accessory proteins implicated in the formation of the active mammalian channel. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that AtMCU1 activity is sensitive to the mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitors Ruthenium Red and Gd3+, as well as to the Arabidopsis protein MICU, a regulatory MCUC component. AtMCU1 is prevalently expressed in roots, localizes to mitochondria, and its absence causes mild changes in Ca2+ dynamics as assessed by in vivo measurements in Arabidopsis root tips. Plants either lacking or overexpressing AtMCU1 display root mitochondria with altered ultrastructure and show shorter primary roots under restrictive growth conditions. In summary, our work adds evolutionary depth to the investigation of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, indicates that AtMCU1, together with MICU as a regulator, represents a functional configuration of the plant mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake complex with differences to the mammalian MCUC, and identifies a new player of the intracellular Ca2+ regulation network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Teardo
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.);
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.);
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Luca Carraretto
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Elide Formentin
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Smrutisanjita Behera
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Sara De Bortoli
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Véronique Larosa
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Philippe Fuchs
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Fiorella Lo Schiavo
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.)
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Ildiko Szabò
- Department of Biology (E.T., L.C., E.F., S.D.B., V.L., F.L.S., I.S.) and Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.R., R.R.), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy (E.T., I.S.);
- Plant Energy Biology Lab, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany (S.W., P.F., M.S.);
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy (S.B., A.C.); and
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy (A.C.)
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103
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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104
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Xiong J, Tao T, Luo Z, Yan S, Liu Y, Yu X, Liu G, Xia H, Luo L. RNA Editing Responses to Oxidative Stress between a Wild Abortive Type Male-Sterile Line and Its Maintainer Line. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2023. [PMID: 29234339 PMCID: PMC5712406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA editing of mitochondrial gene transcripts plays a central role during plant development and evolutionary adaptation. RNA editing has previously been reported to differ between the rice cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line and its maintainer line, which has been suggested as a cause for their different performances under environmental stress. To specifically test this hypothesis, a wild abortive (WA) CMS line (Huhan-1A) and its maintainer line (Huhan-1B) were utilized to investigate performances in response to oxidative stress, as well as RNA editing efficiencies on transcripts of six selected mitochondrial genes. Compared to the maintainer line, Huhan-1A represented both lower plant height and total antioxidant capacity, possessed higher total soluble protein and chlorophyll contents, accumulated less H2O2 content on the 3rd day after treatment (DAT), and exhibited higher survival ratio after re-watering. Furthermore, a total of 90 editing sites were detected on transcripts of six mitochondrial genes (atp9, nad2, nad7, nad9, ccmB, and ccmC) in both Huhan-1A and Huhan-1B on the 0, 1st, and 3rd DAT. Forty-eight sites were furthermore determined as stress-responsive sites (SRS). Generally, in response to oxidative stress, SRS in Huhan-1A increased the resulting editing efficiencies, while SRS in Huhan-1B decreased the resulting editing efficiencies. In addition, 33 and 22 sites at ccmB and ccmC were differentially edited between Huhan-1A and Huhan-1B, respectively, on the 0, 1st, and 3rd DAT. Editing efficiencies of ccmB and ccmC were generally lower in Huhan-1A (ccmB, 37.3-47.8%; ccmC, 41.2-52.3%) than those in Huhan-1B (ccmB, 82.6-86.5%; ccmC, 81.0-82.9%). Deficiencies of RNA editing in Huhan-1A at ccmB and ccmC could lead to the loss of transmembrane domains in their protein structures. Consequently, differences in RNA editing at ccmB and ccmC between the WA-CMS line and its maintainer line partially explained their different performances under stress. Moreover, we detected differences in expressions of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) genes between both lines, as well as significant correlations with RNA editing. Our study indicated potential associations of RNA editing and PPR genes in rice tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of stress-adaptation, which are attributed to RNA editing on transcripts of mitochondrial genes, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tao
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaigang Yan
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqiao Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolan Liu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xia
| | - Lijun Luo
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
- Lijun Luo
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105
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Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Li M, López R, Cano FJ, Oleksyn J, Atkin OK, Pita P, Aranda I, Gil L. Drought-induced shoot dieback starts with massive root xylem embolism and variable depletion of nonstructural carbohydrates in seedlings of two tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:597-610. [PMID: 27575435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Combining hydraulic- and carbon-related measurements helps to understand drought-induced plant mortality. Here, we investigated the role that plant respiration (R) plays in determining carbon budgets under drought. We measured the hydraulic conductivity of stems and roots, and gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of leaves, stems and roots of seedlings of two resprouting species exposed to drought or well-watered conditions: Ulmus minor (riparian tree) and Quercus ilex (dryland tree). With increasing water stress (occurring more rapidly in larger U. minor), declines in leaf, stem and root R were less pronounced than that in leaf net photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Pn ). Daytime whole-plant carbon gain was negative below -4 and -6 MPa midday xylem water potential in U. minor and Q. ilex, respectively. Relative to controls, seedlings exhibiting shoot dieback suffered c. 80% loss of hydraulic conductivity in both species, and reductions in NSC concentrations in U. minor. Higher drought-induced depletion of NSC reserves in U. minor was related to higher plant R, faster stomatal closure, and premature leaf-shedding. Differences in drought resistance relied on the ability to maintain hydraulic conductivity during drought, rather than tolerating conductivity loss. Root hydraulic failure elicited shoot dieback and precluded resprouting without root NSC reserves being apparently limiting for R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Meng Li
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Rosana López
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, UWS, Science Road, Richmond, 2753, NSW, Australia
| | - Francisco Javier Cano
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, UWS, Science Road, Richmond, 2753, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Pilar Pita
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Forest Research Centre, INIA, Avda. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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106
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Antollini SS, Barrantes FJ. Fatty Acid Regulation of Voltage- and Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Function. Front Physiol 2016; 7:573. [PMID: 27965583 PMCID: PMC5124694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA) are essential components of the cell, where they play a key role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and most particularly in cell membranes, where they are central actors in shaping the physicochemical properties of the lipid bilayer and the cellular adaptation to the environment. FFA are continuously being produced and degraded, and a feedback regulatory function has been attributed to their turnover. The massive increase observed under some pathological conditions, especially in brain, has been interpreted as a protective mechanism possibly operative on ion channels, which in some cases is of stimulatory nature and in other cases inhibitory. Here we discuss the correlation between the structure of FFA and their ability to modulate protein function, evaluating the influence of saturation/unsaturation, number of double bonds, and cis vs. trans isomerism. We further focus on the mechanisms of FFA modulation operating on voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channel function, contrasting the still conflicting evidence on direct vs. indirect mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Antollini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (CONICET-UNS)Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del SurBahía Blanca, Argentina
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107
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Perdomo JA, Carmo-Silva E, Hermida-Carrera C, Flexas J, Galmés J. Acclimation of Biochemical and Diffusive Components of Photosynthesis in Rice, Wheat, and Maize to Heat and Water Deficit: Implications for Modeling Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1719. [PMID: 27920782 PMCID: PMC5118457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the combined effects of heat stress, increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and water deficit on the physiology of major crops needs to be better understood to help identifying the expected negative consequences of climate change and heat waves on global agricultural productivity. To address this issue, rice, wheat, and maize plants were grown under control temperature (CT, 25°C, VPD 1.8 kPa), and a high temperature (HT, 38°C, VPD 3.5 kPa), both under well-watered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. Gas-exchange measurements showed that, in general, WD conditions affected the leaf conductance to CO2, while growth at HT had a more marked effect on the biochemistry of photosynthesis. When combined, HT and WD had an additive effect in limiting photosynthesis. The negative impacts of the imposed treatments on the processes governing leaf gas-exchange were species-dependent. Wheat presented a higher sensitivity while rice and maize showed a higher acclimation potential to increased temperature. Rubisco and PEPC kinetic constants determined in vitro at 25°C and 38°C were used to estimate Vcmax, Jmax, and Vpmax in the modeling of C3 and C4 photosynthesis. The results here obtained reiterate the need to use species-specific and temperature-specific values for Rubisco and PEPC kinetic constants for a precise parameterization of the photosynthetic response to changing environmental conditions in different crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Perdomo
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Hermida-Carrera
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
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108
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Turner KG, Nurkowski KA, Rieseberg LH. Gene expression and drought response in an invasive thistle. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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109
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Smith NG, Pold G, Goranson C, Dukes JS. Characterizing the drivers of seedling leaf gas exchange responses to warming and altered precipitation: indirect and direct effects. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw066. [PMID: 27658816 PMCID: PMC5091920 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic forces are projected to lead to warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns globally. The impact of these climatic changes on the uptake of carbon by the land surface will, in part, determine the rate and magnitude of these changes. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to climate in the future. Here, we used a fully factorial warming (four levels) by precipitation (three levels) manipulation experiment in an old-field ecosystem in the northeastern USA to examine the impact of climatic changes on leaf carbon exchange in five species of deciduous tree seedlings. We found that photosynthesis generally increased in response to increasing precipitation and decreased in response to warming. Respiration was less sensitive to the treatments. The net result was greater leaf carbon uptake in wetter and cooler conditions across all species. Structural equation modelling revealed the primary pathway through which climate impacted leaf carbon exchange. Net photosynthesis increased with increasing stomatal conductance and photosynthetic enzyme capacity (Vcmax), and decreased with increasing respiration of leaves. Soil moisture and leaf temperature at the time of measurement most heavily influenced these primary drivers of net photosynthesis. Leaf respiration increased with increasing soil moisture, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic supply of substrates. Counter to the soil moisture response, respiration decreased with increasing precipitation amount, indicating that the response to short- (i.e. soil moisture) versus long-term (i.e. precipitation amount) water stress differed, possibly as a result of changes in the relative amounts of growth and maintenance demand for respiration over time. These data (>500 paired measurements of light and dark leaf gas exchange), now publicly available, detail the pathways by which climate can impact leaf gas exchange and could be useful for testing assumptions in land surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grace Pold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Carol Goranson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Purdue Climate Change Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
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110
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Cryopreservation of lipid bilayers by LEA proteins from Artemia franciscana and trehalose. Cryobiology 2016; 73:240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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111
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Shinde S, Villamor JG, Lin W, Sharma S, Verslues PE. Proline Coordination with Fatty Acid Synthesis and Redox Metabolism of Chloroplast and Mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1074-1088. [PMID: 27512016 PMCID: PMC5047111 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proline (Pro) accumulation is one of the most prominent changes in plant metabolism during drought and low water potential; however, the regulation and function of Pro metabolism remain unclear. We used a combination of forward genetic screening based on a Proline Dehydrogenase1 (PDH1) promoter-luciferase reporter (PDH1pro:LUC2) and RNA sequencing of the Pro synthesis mutant p5cs1-4 to identify multiple loci affecting Pro accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Two mutants having high PDH1pro:LUC2 expression and increased Pro accumulation at low water potential were found to be alleles of Cytochrome P450, Family 86, Subfamily A, Polypeptide2 (CYP86A2) and Long Chain Acyl Synthetase2 (LACS2), which catalyze two successive steps in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis. Reverse genetic experiments found additional VLCFA and lipid metabolism-related mutants with increased Pro accumulation. Altered cellular redox status is a key factor in the coordination of Pro and VLCFA metabolism. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) induced high levels of Pro accumulation and strongly repressed PDH1pro:LUC2 expression. cyp86a2 and lacs2 mutants were hypersensitive to diphenyleneiodonium but could be reverted to wild-type Pro and PDH1pro:LUC2 expression by reactive oxygen species scavengers. The coordination of Pro and redox metabolism also was indicated by the altered expression of chloroplast and mitochondria electron transport genes in p5cs1-4 These results show that Pro metabolism is both influenced by and influences cellular redox status via previously unknown coordination with several metabolic pathways. In particular, Pro and VLCFA synthesis share dual roles to help buffer cellular redox status while producing products useful for stress resistance, namely the compatible solute Pro and cuticle lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Shinde
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Joji Grace Villamor
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wendar Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Paul E Verslues
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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112
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Vanlerberghe GC, Martyn GD, Dahal K. Alternative oxidase: a respiratory electron transport chain pathway essential for maintaining photosynthetic performance during drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 157:322-37. [PMID: 27080742 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and respiration are the hubs of energy metabolism in plants. Drought strongly perturbs photosynthesis as a result of both diffusive limitations resulting from stomatal closure, and in some cases biochemical limitations that are associated with a reduced abundance of key photosynthetic components. The effects of drought on respiration, particularly respiration in the light (RL ), are less understood. The plant mitochondrial electron transport chain includes a non-energy conserving terminal oxidase called alternative oxidase (AOX). Several studies have shown that drought increases AOX transcript, protein and maximum capacity. Here we review recent studies comparing wild-type (WT) tobacco to transgenic lines with altered AOX protein amount. Specifically during drought, RL was compromised in AOX knockdown plants and enhanced in AOX overexpression plants, compared with WT. Significantly, these differences in RL were accompanied by dramatic differences in photosynthetic performance. Knockdown of AOX increased the susceptibility of photosynthesis to drought-induced biochemical limitations, while overexpression of AOX delayed the development of such biochemical limitations, compared with WT. Overall, the results indicate that AOX is essential to maintaining RL during drought, and that this non-energy conserving respiration maintains photosynthesis during drought by promoting energy balance in the chloroplast. This review also outlines several areas for future research, including the possibility that enhancement of non-energy conserving respiratory electron sinks may be a useful biotechnological approach to increase plant performance during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
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113
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Hartmann H, Trumbore S. Understanding the roles of nonstructural carbohydrates in forest trees - from what we can measure to what we want to know. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:386-403. [PMID: 27061438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Contents 386 I. 386 II. 388 III. 392 IV. 392 V. 396 VI. 399 399 References 399 SUMMARY: Carbohydrates provide the building blocks for plant structures as well as versatile resources for metabolic processes. The nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), mainly sugars and starch, fulfil distinct functional roles, including transport, energy metabolism and osmoregulation, and provide substrates for the synthesis of defence compounds or exchange with symbionts involved in nutrient acquisition or defence. At the whole-plant level, NSC storage buffers the asynchrony of supply and demand on diel, seasonal or decadal temporal scales and across plant organs. Despite its central role in plant function and in stand-level carbon cycling, our understanding of storage dynamics, its controls and response to environmental stresses is very limited, even after a century of research. This reflects the fact that often storage is defined by what we can measure, that is, NSC concentrations, and the interpretation of these as a proxy for a single function, storage, rather than the outcome of a range of NSC source and sink functions. New isotopic tools allow direct quantification of timescales involved in NSC dynamics, and show that NSC-C fixed years to decades previously is used to support tree functions. Here we review recent advances, with emphasis on the context of the interactions between NSC, drought and tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Susan Trumbore
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
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114
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Pires MV, Pereira Júnior AA, Medeiros DB, Daloso DM, Pham PA, Barros KA, Engqvist MKM, Florian A, Krahnert I, Maurino VG, Araújo WL, Fernie AR. The influence of alternative pathways of respiration that utilize branched-chain amino acids following water shortage in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1304-19. [PMID: 26616144 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During dark-induced senescence isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVDH) and D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D-2HGDH) act as alternate electron donors to the ubiquinol pool via the electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) pathway. However, the role of this pathway in response to other stresses still remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that this alternative pathway is associated with tolerance to drought in Arabidopsis. In comparison with wild type (WT) and lines overexpressing D-2GHDH, loss-of-function etfqo-1, d2hgdh-2 and ivdh-1 mutants displayed compromised respiration rates and were more sensitive to drought. Our results demonstrated that an operational ETF/ETFQO pathway is associated with plants' ability to withstand drought and to recover growth once water becomes replete. Drought-induced metabolic reprogramming resulted in an increase in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and total amino acid levels, as well as decreases in protein, starch and nitrate contents. The enhanced levels of the branched-chain amino acids in loss-of-function mutants appear to be related to their increased utilization as substrates for the TCA cycle under water stress. Our results thus show that mitochondrial metabolism is highly active during drought stress responses and provide support for a role of alternative respiratory pathways within this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel V Pires
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adilson A Pereira Júnior
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Phuong Anh Pham
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kallyne A Barros
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Martin K M Engqvist
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Developmental and Molecular Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göterborg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ina Krahnert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Developmental and Molecular Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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115
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Song X, Zhou G, Xu Z, Lv X, Wang Y. A self-photoprotection mechanism helps Stipa baicalensis adapt to future climate change. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25839. [PMID: 27161934 PMCID: PMC4861908 DOI: 10.1038/srep25839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the photosynthetic responses of Stipa baicalensis to relative long-term exposure (42 days) to the predicted elevated temperature and water availability changes to determine the mechanisms through which the plant would acclimate to future climate change. Two thermal regimes (ambient and +4 °C) and three irrigation levels (partial, normal and excess) were used in environmental control chambers. The gas exchange parameters, light response curves and A/Ci curves were determined. The elevated temperature and partial irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate due to a limitation in the photosynthetic capacity instead of the intercellular CO2 concentration. Partial irrigation decreased Rubisco activation and limited RuBP regeneration. The reduction in Vcmax increased with increasing temperature. Excess irrigation offset the negative effect of drought and led to a partial recovery of the photosynthetic capacity. Although its light use efficiency was restricted, the use of light and dark respiration by Stipa baicalensis was unchanged. We concluded that nonstomatal limitation was the primary reason for photosynthesis regulation in Stipa baicalensis under relative long-term climate change conditions. Although climate change caused reductions in the light use efficiency and photosynthetic rate, a self-photoprotection mechanism in Stipa baicalensis resulted in its high ability to maintain normal live activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, 46 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
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116
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Yoshimura K, Saiki ST, Yazaki K, Ogasa MY, Shirai M, Nakano T, Yoshimura J, Ishida A. The dynamics of carbon stored in xylem sapwood to drought-induced hydraulic stress in mature trees. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24513. [PMID: 27079677 PMCID: PMC4832204 DOI: 10.1038/srep24513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-induced forest die-off is widespread in multiple biomes, strongly affecting the species composition, function and primary production in forest ecosystems. Hydraulic failure and carbon starvation in xylem sapwood are major hypotheses to explain drought-induced tree mortality. Because it is difficult to obtain enough field observations on drought-induced mortality in adult trees, the current understanding of the physiological mechanisms for tree die-offs is still controversial. However, the simultaneous examination of water and carbon uses throughout dehydration and rehydration processes in adult trees will contribute to clarify the roles of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation in tree wilting. Here we show the processes of the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) of distal branches in woody plants with contrasting water use strategy. Starch was converted to soluble sugar during PLC progression under drought, and the hydraulic conductivity recovered following water supply. The conversion of NSCs is strongly associated with PLC variations during dehydration and rehydration processes, indicating that stored carbon contributes to tree survival under drought; further carbon starvation can advance hydraulic failure. We predict that even slow-progressing drought degrades forest ecosystems via carbon starvation, causing more frequent catastrophic forest die-offs than the present projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Yoshimura
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Mayumi Y. Ogasa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Makoto Shirai
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government. Fuji-Yoshida, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa, Chiba 299-5502, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY13210, USA
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
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117
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Lyon D, Castillejo MA, Mehmeti-Tershani V, Staudinger C, Kleemaier C, Wienkoop S. Drought and Recovery: Independently Regulated Processes Highlighting the Importance of Protein Turnover Dynamics and Translational Regulation in Medicago truncatula. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1921-37. [PMID: 27001437 PMCID: PMC5083093 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change in conjunction with population growth necessitates a systems biology approach to characterize plant drought acclimation as well as a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stress recovery. Plants are exposed to a continuously changing environment. Extremes such as several weeks of drought are followed by rain. This requires a molecular plasticity of the plant enabling drought acclimation and the necessity of deacclimation processes for recovery and continuous growth. During drought stress and subsequent recovery, the metabolome and proteome are regulated through a sequence of molecular processes including synthesis and degradation and molecular interaction networks are part of this regulatory process. In order to study this complex regulatory network, a comprehensive analysis is presented for the first time, investigating protein turnover and regulatory classes of proteins and metabolites during a stress recovery scenario in the model legume Medicago truncatula. The data give novel insights into the molecular capacity and differential processes required for acclimation and deacclimation of severe drought stressed plants. Functional cluster and network analyses unraveled independent regulatory mechanisms for stress and recovery with different dynamic phases that during the course of recovery define the plants deacclimation from stress. The combination of relative abundance levels and turnover analysis revealed an early transition phase that seems key for recovery initiation through water resupply and is independent from renutrition. Thus, a first indication for a metabolite and protein-based load capacity was observed necessary for the recovery from drought, an important but thus far ignored possible feature toward tolerance. The data indicate that apart from the plants molecular stress response mechanisms, plasticity may be related to the nutritional status of the plant prior to stress initiation. A new perspective and possible new targets as well as metabolic mechanisms for future plant-bioengineering toward enhanced drought stress tolerance are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lyon
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Vlora Mehmeti-Tershani
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kleemaier
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- From the ‡Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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118
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Sperlich D, Barbeta A, Ogaya R, Sabaté S, Peñuelas J. Balance between carbon gain and loss under long-term drought: impacts on foliar respiration and photosynthesis in Quercus ilex L. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:821-33. [PMID: 26552882 PMCID: PMC4737074 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial carbon exchange is a key process of the global carbon cycle consisting of a delicate balance between photosynthetic carbon uptake and respiratory release. We have, however, a limited understanding how long-term decreases in precipitation induced by climate change affect the boundaries and mechanisms of photosynthesis and respiration. We examined the seasonality of photosynthetic and respiratory traits and evaluated the adaptive mechanism of the foliar carbon balance of Quercus ilex L. experiencing a long-term rainfall-exclusion experiment. Day respiration (Rd) but not night respiration (Rn) was generally higher in the drought treatment leading to an increased Rd/Rn ratio. The limitation of mesophyll conductance (gm) on photosynthesis was generally stronger than stomatal limitation (gs) in the drought treatment, reflected in a lower gm/gs ratio. The peak photosynthetic activity in the drought treatment occurred in an atypical favourable summer in parallel with lower Rd/Rn and higher gm/gs ratios. The plant carbon balance was thus strongly improved through: (i) higher photosynthetic rates induced by gm; and (ii) decreased carbon losses mediated by Rd. Interestingly, photosynthetic potentials (Vc,max, Jmax, and TPU) were not affected by the drought treatment, suggesting a dampening effect on the biochemical level in the long term. In summary, the trees experiencing a 14-year-long drought treatment adapted through higher plasticity in photosynthetic and respiratory traits, so that eventually the atypical favourable growth period was exploited more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sperlich
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Barbeta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Sabaté
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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119
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Vigani G, Briat JF. Impairment of Respiratory Chain under Nutrient Deficiency in Plants: Does it Play a Role in the Regulation of Iron and Sulfur Responsive Genes? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1185. [PMID: 26779219 PMCID: PMC4700279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant production and plant product quality strongly depend on the availability of mineral nutrients. Among them, sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) play a central role, as they are needed for many proteins of the respiratory chain. Plant mitochondria play essential bioenergetic and biosynthetic functions as well as they have an important role in signaling processes into the cell. Here, by comparing several transcriptomic data sets from plants impaired in their respiratory function with the genes regulated under Fe or S deficiencies obtained from other data sets, nutrient-responsive genes potentially regulated by hypothetical mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway are evidenced. It leads us to hypothesize that plant mitochondria could be, therefore, required for regulating the expression of key genes involved both in Fe and S metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Jean-François Briat
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/UM2Montpellier, France
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120
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Carvalho LC, Coito JL, Gonçalves EF, Chaves MM, Amâncio S. Differential physiological response of the grapevine varieties Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira to combined heat, drought and light stresses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18 Suppl 1:101-11. [PMID: 26518605 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, extensive agricultural losses are attributed to drought, often in combination with heat in Mediterranean climate regions, where grapevine traditionally grows. The available scenarios for climate change suggest increases in aridity in these regions. Under natural conditions plants are affected by a combination of stresses, triggering synergistic or antagonistic physiological, metabolic or transcriptomic responses unique to the combination. However the study of such stresses in a controlled environment can elucidate important mechanisms by allowing the separation of the effects of individual stresses. To gather those effects, cuttings of two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN) and Trincadeira (TR), were grown under controlled conditions and subjected to three abiotic stresses (drought - WS, heat - HS and high light - LS) individually and in combination two-by-two (WSHS, WSLS, HSLS) or all three (WSHSLS). Photosynthesis, water status, contents of H2 O2 , abscisic acid and metabolites of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were measured in the leaves. Common and distinct response features were identified in the different stress combinations. Photosynthesis was not hindered in TN by LS, while even individual stresses severely affect photosynthesis in TR. Abscisic acid may be implicated in grapevine osmotic responses since it is correlated with tolerance parameters, especially in combined stresses involving drought. Overall, the responses to drought-including treatments were clearly distinct to those without drought. From the specific behaviours of the varieties, it can be concluded that TN shows a higher capacity for heat dissipation and for withstanding high light intensities, indicating better adjustment to warm conditions, provided that water supply is plentiful.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Carvalho
- DRAT, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J L Coito
- DRAT, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E F Gonçalves
- DCEB, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M M Chaves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S Amâncio
- DRAT, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Rowland L, Lobo‐do‐Vale RL, Christoffersen BO, Melém EA, Kruijt B, Vasconcelos SS, Domingues T, Binks OJ, Oliveira AAR, Metcalfe D, da Costa ACL, Mencuccini M, Meir P. After more than a decade of soil moisture deficit, tropical rainforest trees maintain photosynthetic capacity, despite increased leaf respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:4662-72. [PMID: 26179437 PMCID: PMC4989466 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Determining climate change feedbacks from tropical rainforests requires an understanding of how carbon gain through photosynthesis and loss through respiration will be altered. One of the key changes that tropical rainforests may experience under future climate change scenarios is reduced soil moisture availability. In this study we examine if and how both leaf photosynthesis and leaf dark respiration acclimate following more than 12 years of experimental soil moisture deficit, via a through-fall exclusion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest. We find that experimentally drought-stressed trees and taxa maintain the same maximum leaf photosynthetic capacity as trees in corresponding control forest, independent of their susceptibility to drought-induced mortality. We hypothesize that photosynthetic capacity is maintained across all treatments and taxa to take advantage of short-lived periods of high moisture availability, when stomatal conductance (gs ) and photosynthesis can increase rapidly, potentially compensating for reduced assimilate supply at other times. Average leaf dark respiration (Rd ) was elevated in the TFE-treated forest trees relative to the control by 28.2 ± 2.8% (mean ± one standard error). This mean Rd value was dominated by a 48.5 ± 3.6% increase in the Rd of drought-sensitive taxa, and likely reflects the need for additional metabolic support required for stress-related repair, and hydraulic or osmotic maintenance processes. Following soil moisture deficit that is maintained for several years, our data suggest that changes in respiration drive greater shifts in the canopy carbon balance, than changes in photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Bradley O. Christoffersen
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Earth and Environmental SciencesLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosCAUSA
| | | | - Bart Kruijt
- AlterraWageningen URWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Tomas Domingues
- Departamento de BiologiaFFCLRP ‐ Universidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoBrasil
| | | | | | - Daniel Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- ICREA at CREAF08193 Cerdanyola del VallésBarcelonaSpain
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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Dahal K, Martyn GD, Vanlerberghe GC. Improved photosynthetic performance during severe drought in Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing a nonenergy conserving respiratory electron sink. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:382-95. [PMID: 26032897 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts have means to manage excess reducing power but these mechanisms may become restricted by rates of ATP turnover. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a mitochondrial terminal oxidase that uncouples the consumption of reducing power from ATP synthesis. Physiological and biochemical analyses were used to compare respiration and photosynthesis of Nicotiana tabacum wild-type (WT) plants with that of transgenic lines overexpressing AOX, under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. With increasing drought severity, AOX overexpression acted to increase respiration in the light (RL ) relative to WT. CO2 and light response curves indicated that overexpression also improved photosynthetic performance relative to WT, as drought severity increased. This was not due to an effect of AOX amount on leaf water status or the development of the diffusive limitations that occur due to drought. Rather, AOX overexpression dampened photosystem stoichiometry adjustments and losses of key photosynthetic components that occurred in WT. The results indicate that AOX amount influences RL , particularly during severe drought, when cytochrome pathway respiration may become increasingly restricted. This impacts the chloroplast redox state, influencing how the photosynthetic apparatus responds to increasing drought severity. In particular, the development of biochemical limitations to photosynthesis are dampened in plants with increased nonenergy conserving RL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
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Perdomo JA, Conesa MÀ, Medrano H, Ribas-Carbó M, Galmés J. Effects of long-term individual and combined water and temperature stress on the growth of rice, wheat and maize: relationship with morphological and physiological acclimation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:149-165. [PMID: 25348109 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the long-term individual and combined effects of high temperature (HT) and water deficit (WD) stress on plant growth, leaf gas-exchange and water use efficiency in cultivars of the three most important crops worldwide, rice, wheat and maize. Total plant biomass (Bt ) accumulation decreased under all treatments, being the combined HT-WD treatment the most detrimental in all three species. Although decreases in Bt correlated with adjustments in biomass allocation patterns (i.e. the leaf area ratio), most of the variation observed in Bt was explained by changes in leaf gas exchange parameters. Thus, integrated values of leaf carbon balance obtained from daily course measurements of photosynthesis and respiration were better predictors of plant growth than the instantaneous measurements of leaf gas exchange. Leaf water use efficiency, assessed both by gas exchange and carbon isotope measurements, was negatively correlated with Bt under WD, but not under the combined WD and HT treatment. A comparative analysis of the negative effects of single and combined stresses on the main parameters showed an additive component for WD and HT in rice and maize, in contrast to wheat. Overall, the results of the specific cultivars included in the study suggest that the species native climate plays a role shaping the species acclimation potential to the applied stresses. In this regard, wheat, originated in a cold climate, was the most affected species, which foretells a higher affectation of this crop due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alejandro Perdomo
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel À Conesa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Hipólito Medrano
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, 07122, Spain
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Bonal D, Burban B, Stahl C, Wagner F, Hérault B. The response of tropical rainforests to drought-lessons from recent research and future prospects. ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE 2015; 73:27-44. [PMID: 27069374 PMCID: PMC4810888 DOI: 10.1007/s13595-015-0522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We review the recent findings on the influence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mechanisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three continents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. CONTEXT Tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex. AIMS Herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. RESULTS This review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted under extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosystems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. CONCLUSION The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bonal
- />INRA, UMR « Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières », Université de Lorraine-INRA, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Benoit Burban
- />INRA, UMR «Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane», AgroParisTech-CIRAD-INRA-CNRS-Université de Guyane-Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, 97387 Kourou, Guyane Française France
| | - Clément Stahl
- />CIRAD, UMR « Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane », AgroParisTech- CIRAD-INRA-CNRS-Université de Guyane-Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, 97387 Kourou, Guyane Française France
- />University of Antwerpen, Campus Agronomique, 97387 Kourou, Guyane Française France
| | - Fabien Wagner
- />National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010 Brazil
| | - Bruno Hérault
- />CIRAD, UMR « Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane », AgroParisTech- CIRAD-INRA-CNRS-Université de Guyane-Université des Antilles, Campus Agronomique, 97387 Kourou, Guyane Française France
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Yang J, Fleisher DH, Sicher RC, Kim J, Baligar VC, Reddy VR. Effects of CO2 enrichment and drought pretreatment on metabolite responses to water stress and subsequent rehydration using potato tubers from plants grown in sunlit chambers. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 189:126-136. [PMID: 26600557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed using naturally sunlit Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Research chambers that provided ambient or twice ambient CO2. Potato plants were grown in pots that were water sufficient (W), water insufficient for 12-18 days during both vegetative and tuber development stages (VR), or water insufficient solely during tuber development (R). In the ambient CO2 treatment, a total of 17 and 20 out of 31 tuber metabolites differed when comparing the W to the R and VR treatments, respectively. Hexoses, raffinose, mannitol, branched chain amino acids, phenylalanine and proline increased, although most organic acids remained unchanged or decreased in response to drought. Osmolytes, including glucose, branched chain amino acids and proline, remained elevated following 2 weeks of rehydration in both the ambient and elevated CO2 treatments, whereas fructose, raffinose, mannitol and some organic acids reverted to control levels. Failure of desiccated plant tissues to mobilize specific osmolytes after rehydration was unexpected and was likely because tubers function as terminal sinks. Tuber metabolite responses to single or double drought treatments were similar under the same CO2 levels but important differences were noted when CO2 level was varied. We also found that metabolite changes to water insufficiency and/or CO2 enrichment were very distinct between sink and source tissues, and total metabolite changes to stress were generally greater in leaflets than tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Yang
- U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Room 342, Bldg. 001, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - David H Fleisher
- U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Room 342, Bldg. 001, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Richard C Sicher
- U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Room 342, Bldg. 001, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joonyup Kim
- U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Room 207, Bldg. 006, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville 20705 MD, USA
| | - Virupax C Baligar
- U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, Room 223, Bldg. 001, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, 20705 MD, USA
| | - Vangimalla R Reddy
- U.S.D.A., Agricultural Research Service, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Room 342, Bldg. 001, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-west, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Frank D, Reichstein M, Bahn M, Thonicke K, Frank D, Mahecha MD, Smith P, van der Velde M, Vicca S, Babst F, Beer C, Buchmann N, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Cramer W, Ibrom A, Miglietta F, Poulter B, Rammig A, Seneviratne SI, Walz A, Wattenbach M, Zavala MA, Zscheischler J. Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:2861-80. [PMID: 25752680 PMCID: PMC4676934 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Extreme droughts, heat waves, frosts, precipitation, wind storms and other climate extremes may impact the structure, composition and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and thus carbon cycling and its feedbacks to the climate system. Yet, the interconnected avenues through which climate extremes drive ecological and physiological processes and alter the carbon balance are poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on carbon cycle relevant responses of ecosystems to extreme climatic events. Given that impacts of climate extremes are considered disturbances, we assume the respective general disturbance-induced mechanisms and processes to also operate in an extreme context. The paucity of well-defined studies currently renders a quantitative meta-analysis impossible, but permits us to develop a deductive framework for identifying the main mechanisms (and coupling thereof) through which climate extremes may act on the carbon cycle. We find that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle. The expected regional impacts of future climate extremes will depend on changes in the probability and severity of their occurrence, on the compound effects and timing of different climate extremes, and on the vulnerability of each land-cover type modulated by management. Although processes and sensitivities differ among biomes, based on expert opinion, we expect forests to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks. At the global scale, we presume that droughts have the strongest and most widespread effects on terrestrial carbon cycling. Comparing impacts of climate extremes identified via remote sensing vs. ground-based observational case studies reveals that many regions in the (sub-)tropics are understudied. Hence, regional investigations are needed to allow a global upscaling of the impacts of climate extremes on global carbon-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Frank
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry07745, Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: Dorothea Frank, tel. + 49 3641 576284, fax + 49 3641 577200, e-mail:
| | | | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) e.V.14773, Potsdam, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Frank
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of BernCH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Marijn van der Velde
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Biology Department, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium
| | - Flurin Babst
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) e.V.14773, Potsdam, Germany
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, The University of Arizona1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christian Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere FlagshipGPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- IPSL – Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon UniversitéAix-en-Provence, France
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Franco Miglietta
- IBIMET-CNRVia Caproni, 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
- FoxLab, Fondazione E.MachVia Mach 1, 30158, San Michele a/Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Ben Poulter
- IPSL – Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Anja Rammig
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of BernCH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | | | - Ariane Walz
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wattenbach
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre For Geosciences14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Universidad de AlcaláAlcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Fischer S, Hanf S, Frosch T, Gleixner G, Popp J, Trumbore S, Hartmann H. Pinus sylvestris switches respiration substrates under shading but not during drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:542-550. [PMID: 25944481 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduced carbon (C) assimilation during prolonged drought forces trees to rely on stored C to maintain vital processes like respiration. It has been shown, however, that the use of carbohydrates, a major C storage pool and apparently the main respiratory substrate in plants, strongly declines with decreasing plant hydration. Yet no empirical evidence has been produced to what degree other C storage compounds like lipids and proteins may fuel respiration during drought. We exposed young scots pine trees to C limitation using either drought or shading and assessed respiratory substrate use by monitoring the respiratory quotient, δ(13) C of respired CO2 and concentrations of the major storage compounds, that is, carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. Only shaded trees shifted from carbohydrate-dominated to lipid-dominated respiration and showed progressive carbohydrate depletion. In drought trees, the fraction of carbohydrates used in respiration did not decline but respiration rates were strongly reduced. The lower consumption and potentially allocation from other organs may have caused initial carbohydrate content to remain constant during the experiment. Our results suggest that respiratory substrates other than carbohydrates are used under carbohydrate limitation but not during drought. Thus, respiratory substrate shift cannot provide an efficient means to counterbalance C limitation under natural drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fischer
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Hanf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Susan Trumbore
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Snider JL, Chastain DR, Meeks CD, Collins GD, Sorensen RB, Byrd SA, Perry CD. Predawn respiration rates during flowering are highly predictive of yield response in Gossypium hirsutum when yield variability is water-induced. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 183:114-120. [PMID: 26125121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory carbon evolution by leaves under abiotic stress is implicated as a major limitation to crop productivity; however, respiration rates of fully expanded leaves are positively associated with plant growth rates. Given the substantial sensitivity of plant growth to drought, it was hypothesized that predawn respiration rates (RPD) would be (1) more sensitive to drought than photosynthetic processes and (2) highly predictive of water-induced yield variability in Gossypium hirsutum. Two studies (at Tifton and Camilla Georgia) addressed these hypotheses. At Tifton, drought was imposed beginning at the onset of flowering (first flower) and continuing for three weeks (peak bloom) followed by a recovery period, and predawn water potential (ΨPD), RPD, net photosynthesis (AN) and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were measured throughout the study period. At Camilla, plants were exposed to five different irrigation regimes throughout the growing season, and average ΨPD and RPD were determined between first flower and peak bloom for all treatments. For both sites, fiber yield was assessed at crop maturity. The relationships between ΨPD, RPD and yield were assessed via non-linear regression. It was concluded for field-grown G. hirsutum that (1) RPD is exceptionally sensitive to progressive drought (more so than AN or Fv/Fm) and (2) average RPD from first flower to peak bloom is highly predictive of water-induced yield variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA.
| | - Daryl R Chastain
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Calvin D Meeks
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Guy D Collins
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Upper Coastal Plains Research Station, 2811 Nobles Mill Pond Road, Rocky Mount, NC 27801, USA
| | - Ronald B Sorensen
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Drive, Dawson, GA 39842, USA
| | - Seth A Byrd
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Calvin D Perry
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Stripling Irrigation Research Park, Camilla, GA 31730, USA
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Limousin J, Yepez EA, McDowell NG, Pockman WT. Convergence in resource use efficiency across trees with differing hydraulic strategies in response to ecosystem precipitation manipulation. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Marc Limousin
- Department of Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131‐0001 USA
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université de Montpellier Université Paul‐Valéry EPHE 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - Enrico A. Yepez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y del Medio Ambiente Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora Ciudad Obregon Sonora 85000 Mexico
| | - Nate G. McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - William T. Pockman
- Department of Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131‐0001 USA
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130
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Otten ABC, Smeets HJM. Evolutionary defined role of the mitochondrial DNA in fertility, disease and ageing. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:671-89. [PMID: 25976758 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endosymbiosis of an alpha-proteobacterium and a eubacterium a billion years ago paved the way for multicellularity and enabled eukaryotes to flourish. The selective advantage for the host was the acquired ability to generate large amounts of intracellular hydrogen-dependent adenosine triphosphate. The price was increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the eukaryotic cell, causing high mutation rates of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). According to the Muller's ratchet theory, this accumulation of mutations in asexually transmitted mtDNA would ultimately lead to reduced reproductive fitness and eventually extinction. However, mitochondria have persisted over the course of evolution, initially due to a rapid, extreme evolutionary reduction of the mtDNA content. After the phylogenetic divergence of eukaryotes into animals, fungi and plants, differences in evolution of the mtDNA occurred with different adaptations for coping with the mutation burden within these clades. As a result, mitochondrial evolutionary mechanisms have had a profound effect on human adaptation, fertility, healthy reproduction, mtDNA disease manifestation and transmission and ageing. An understanding of these mechanisms might elucidate novel approaches for treatment and prevention of mtDNA disease. METHODS The scientific literature was investigated to determine how mtDNA evolved in animals, plants and fungi. Furthermore, the different mechanisms of mtDNA inheritance and of balancing Muller's ratchet in these species were summarized together with the consequences of these mechanisms for human health and reproduction. RESULTS Animal, plant and fungal mtDNA have evolved differently. Animals have compact genomes, little recombination, a stable number of genes and a high mtDNA copy number, whereas plants have larger genomes with variable gene counts, a low mtDNA copy number and many recombination events. Fungal mtDNA is somewhere in between. In plants, the mtDNA mutation rate is kept low by effective ROS defence and efficient recombination-mediated mtDNA repair. In animal mtDNA, these mechanisms are not or less well-developed and the detrimental mutagenesis events are controlled by a high mtDNA copy number in combination with a genetic bottleneck and purifying selection during transmission. The mtDNA mutation rates in animals are higher than in plants, which allow mobile animals to adapt more rapidly to various environmental conditions in terms of energy production, whereas static plants do not have this need. Although at the level of the species, these mechanisms have been extremely successful, they can have adverse effects for the individual, resulting, in humans, in severe or unpredictably segregating mtDNA diseases, as well as fertility problems and unhealthy ageing. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the forces and processes that underlie mtDNA evolution among different species increases our knowledge on the detrimental consequences that individuals can have from these evolutionary end-points. Alternative outcomes in animals, fungi and plants will lead to a better understanding of the inheritance of mtDNA disorders and mtDNA-related fertility problems. These will allow the development of options to ameliorate, cure and/or prevent mtDNA diseases and mtDNA-related fertility problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auke B C Otten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Unit Clinical Genomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO box 616 (box 16), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Unit Clinical Genomics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO box 616 (box 16), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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131
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Del Valle-Echevarria AR, Kiełkowska A, Bartoszewski G, Havey MJ. The Mosaic Mutants of Cucumber: A Method to Produce Knock-Downs of Mitochondrial Transcripts. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2015; 5:1211-21. [PMID: 25873637 PMCID: PMC4478549 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.017053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic effects on plant performance are well-documented and result from the intimate interaction between organellar and nuclear gene products. In plants, deletions, mutations, or chimerism of mitochondrial genes are often associated with deleterious phenotypes, as well as economically important traits such as cytoplasmic male sterility used to produce hybrid seed. Presently, genetic analyses of mitochondrial function and nuclear interactions are limited because there is no method to efficiently produce mitochondrial mutants. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) possesses unique attributes useful for organellar genetics, including differential transmission of the three plant genomes (maternal for plastid, paternal for mitochondrial, and bi-parental for nuclear), a relatively large mitochondrial DNA in which recombination among repetitive motifs produces rearrangements, and the existence of strongly mosaic (MSC) paternally transmitted phenotypes that appear after passage of wild-type plants through cell cultures and possess unique rearrangements in the mitochondrial DNA. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA from three independently produced MSC lines and revealed under-represented regions and reduced transcription of mitochondrial genes carried in these regions relative to the wild-type parental line. Mass spectrometry and Western blots did not corroborate transcriptional differences in the mitochondrial proteome of the MSC mutant lines, indicating that post-transcriptional events, such as protein longevity, may compensate for reduced transcription in MSC mitochondria. Our results support cucumber as a model system to produce transcriptional "knock-downs" of mitochondrial genes useful to study mitochondrial responses and nuclear interactions important for plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Kiełkowska
- Faculty of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartoszewski
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael J Havey
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USDA Agricultural Research Service, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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132
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Atkin OK, Bloomfield KJ, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Asner GP, Bonal D, Bönisch G, Bradford MG, Cernusak LA, Cosio EG, Creek D, Crous KY, Domingues TF, Dukes JS, Egerton JJG, Evans JR, Farquhar GD, Fyllas NM, Gauthier PPG, Gloor E, Gimeno TE, Griffin KL, Guerrieri R, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, Ishida FY, Kattge J, Lambers H, Liddell MJ, Lloyd J, Lusk CH, Martin RE, Maksimov AP, Maximov TC, Malhi Y, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Mercado LM, Mirotchnick N, Ng D, Niinemets Ü, O'Sullivan OS, Phillips OL, Poorter L, Poot P, Prentice IC, Salinas N, Rowland LM, Ryan MG, Sitch S, Slot M, Smith NG, Turnbull MH, VanderWel MC, Valladares F, Veneklaas EJ, Weerasinghe LK, Wirth C, Wright IJ, Wythers KR, Xiang J, Xiang S, Zaragoza-Castells J. Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 206:614-36. [PMID: 25581061 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark . Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8-28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark (25) ) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark (25) at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax (25) ) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark (25) values at any given Vcmax (25) or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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133
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Elkonin LA, Gerashchenkov GA, Domanina IV, Rozhnova NA. Inheritance of reversions to male fertility in male-sterile sorghum hybrids with 9E male-sterile cytoplasm induced by environmental conditions. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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134
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Hasibeder R, Fuchslueger L, Richter A, Bahn M. Summer drought alters carbon allocation to roots and root respiration in mountain grassland. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1117-1127. [PMID: 25385284 PMCID: PMC4303983 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought affects the carbon (C) source and sink activities of plant organs, with potential consequences for belowground C allocation, a key process of the terrestrial C cycle. The responses of belowground C allocation dynamics to drought are so far poorly understood. We combined experimental rain exclusion with (13)C pulse labelling in a mountain meadow to analyse the effects of summer drought on the dynamics of belowground allocation of recently assimilated C and how it is partitioned among different carbohydrate pools and root respiration. Severe soil moisture deficit decreased the ecosystem C uptake and the amounts and velocity of C allocated from shoots to roots. However, the proportion of recently assimilated C translocated belowground remained unaffected by drought. Reduced root respiration, reflecting reduced C demand under drought, was increasingly sustained by C reserves, whilst recent assimilates were preferentially allocated to root storage and an enlarged pool of osmotically active compounds. Our results indicate that under drought conditions the usage of recent photosynthates is shifted from metabolic activity to osmotic adjustment and storage compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hasibeder
- Institute of Ecology, University of InnsbruckSternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, University of ViennaAlthanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Chemical Ecology and Ecosystem Research, University of ViennaAlthanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of InnsbruckSternwartestraße 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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135
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Abd El-Moneim D, Contreras R, Silva-Navas J, Gallego FJ, Figueiras AM, Benito C. On the consequences of aluminium stress in rye: repression of two mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase mRNAs. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:123-33. [PMID: 24946232 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed several external and internal aluminium (Al) tolerance mechanisms. The external mechanism best characterised is the exudation of organic acids induced by Al. Rye (Secale cereale L.), one of the most Al-tolerant cereal crops, secretes both citrate and malate from its roots in response to Al. However, the role of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) genes in Al-induced stress has not been studied in rye. We have isolated the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes, encoding two different mitochondrial MDH isozymes, in three Al-tolerant rye cultivars (Ailés, Imperial and Petkus) and one sensitive inbred rye line (Riodeva). These genes, which have seven exons and six introns, were located on the 1R (ScMDH1) and 3RL (ScMDH2) chromosomes. Exon 1 of ScMDH1 and exon 7 of ScMDH2 were the most variable among the different ryes. The hypothetical proteins encoded by these genes were classified as putative mitochondrial MDH isoforms. The phylogenetic relationships obtained using both cDNA and protein sequences indicated that the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 proteins are orthologous to mitochondrial MDH1 and MDH2 proteins of different Poaceae species. The expression studies of the ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 genes indicate that it is more intense in roots than in leaves. Moreover, the amount of their corresponding mRNAs in roots from plants treated and not treated with Al was higher in the tolerant cultivar Petkus than in the sensitive inbred line Riodeva. In addition, ScMDH1 and ScMDH2 mRNA levels decreased in response to Al stress (repressive behaviour) in the roots of both the tolerant Petkus and the sensitive line Riodeva.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abd El-Moneim
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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136
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Gauthier PPG, Crous KY, Ayub G, Duan H, Weerasinghe LK, Ellsworth DS, Tjoelker MG, Evans JR, Tissue DT, Atkin OK. Drought increases heat tolerance of leaf respiration in Eucalyptus globulus saplings grown under both ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2] and temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6471-85. [PMID: 25205579 PMCID: PMC4246183 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in increasing atmospheric [CO2], rising growth temperature (T), and greater frequency/severity of drought, with each factor having the potential to alter the respiratory metabolism of leaves. Here, the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2], sustained warming, and drought on leaf dark respiration (R(dark)), and the short-term T response of R(dark) were examined in Eucalyptus globulus. Comparisons were made using seedlings grown under different [CO2], T, and drought treatments. Using high resolution T-response curves of R(dark) measured over the 15-65 °C range, it was found that elevated [CO2], elevated growth T, and drought had little effect on rates of R(dark) measured at T <35 °C and that there was no interactive effect of [CO2], growth T, and drought on T response of R(dark). However, drought increased R(dark) at high leaf T typical of heatwave events (35-45 °C), and increased the measuring T at which maximal rates of R(dark) occurred (Tmax) by 8 °C (from 52 °C in well-watered plants to 60 °C in drought-treated plants). Leaf starch and soluble sugars decreased under drought and elevated growth T, respectively, but no effect was found under elevated [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] increased the Q 10 of R(dark) (i.e. proportional rise in R(dark) per 10 °C) over the 15-35 °C range, while drought increased Q 10 values between 35 °C and 45 °C. Collectively, the study highlights the dynamic nature of the T dependence of R dark in plants experiencing future climate change scenarios, particularly with respect to drought and elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P G Gauthier
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gohar Ayub
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Honglang Duan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia Institute of Ecology & Environmental Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, No. 289 Tianxiang Road, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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137
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Dahal K, Wang J, Martyn GD, Rahimy F, Vanlerberghe GC. Mitochondrial alternative oxidase maintains respiration and preserves photosynthetic capacity during moderate drought in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1560-74. [PMID: 25204647 PMCID: PMC4226348 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain includes an alternative oxidase (AOX) that is hypothesized to aid photosynthetic metabolism, perhaps by acting as an additional electron sink for photogenerated reductant or by dampening the generation of reactive oxygen species. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystem I (PSI) absorbance, and biochemical and protein analyses were used to compare respiration and photosynthesis of Nicotiana tabacum 'Petit Havana SR1' wild-type plants with that of transgenic AOX knockdown (RNA interference) and overexpression lines, under both well-watered and moderate drought-stressed conditions. During drought, AOX knockdown lines displayed a lower rate of respiration in the light than the wild type, as confirmed by two independent methods. Furthermore, CO2 and light response curves indicated a nonstomatal limitation of photosynthesis in the knockdowns during drought, relative to the wild type. Also relative to the wild type, the knockdowns under drought maintained PSI and PSII in a more reduced redox state, showed greater regulated nonphotochemical energy quenching by PSII, and displayed a higher relative rate of cyclic electron transport around PSI. The origin of these differences may lie in the chloroplast ATP synthase amount, which declined dramatically in the knockdowns in response to drought. None of these effects were seen in plants overexpressing AOX. The results show that AOX is necessary to maintain mitochondrial respiration during moderate drought. In its absence, respiration rate slows and the lack of this electron sink feeds back on the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in a loss of chloroplast ATP synthase that then limits photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Jia Wang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Farkhunda Rahimy
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C1A4
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138
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Chastain DR, Snider JL, Collins GD, Perry CD, Whitaker J, Byrd SA. Water deficit in field-grown Gossypium hirsutum primarily limits net photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal conductance, increasing photorespiration, and increasing the ratio of dark respiration to gross photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1576-85. [PMID: 25151126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been expended to improve irrigation efficiency and drought tolerance of agronomic crops; however, a clear understanding of the physiological mechanisms that interact to decrease source strength and drive yield loss has not been attained. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to inhibition of net carbon assimilation under drought stress, three cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum were grown in the field under contrasting irrigation regimes during the 2012 and 2013 growing season near Camilla, Georgia, USA. Physiological measurements were conducted on three sample dates during each growing season (providing a broad range of plant water status) and included, predawn and midday leaf water potential (ΨPD and ΨMD), gross and net photosynthesis, dark respiration, photorespiration, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. End-of-season lint yield was also determined. ΨPD ranged from -0.31 to -0.95MPa, and ΨMD ranged from -1.02 to -2.67MPa, depending upon irrigation regime and sample date. G. hirsutum responded to water deficit by decreasing stomatal conductance, increasing photorespiration, and increasing the ratio of dark respiration to gross photosynthesis, thereby limiting PN and decreasing lint yield (lint yield declines observed during the 2012 growing season only). Conversely, even extreme water deficit, causing a 54% decline in PN, did not negatively affect actual quantum yield, maximum quantum yield, or photosynthetic electron transport. It is concluded that PN is primarily limited in drought-stressed G. hirsutum by decreased stomatal conductance, along with increases in respiratory and photorespiratory carbon losses, not inhibition or down-regulation of electron transport through photosystem II. It is further concluded that ΨPD is a reliable indicator of drought stress and the need for irrigation in field-grown cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl R Chastain
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Guy D Collins
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Calvin D Perry
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 8207 Georgia 37, Camilla, GA 31730, USA
| | - Jared Whitaker
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, PO Box 8112, GSU Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Seth A Byrd
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
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139
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Cano FJ, López R, Warren CR. Implications of the mesophyll conductance to CO2 for photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during long-term water stress and recovery in two contrasting Eucalyptus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2470-90. [PMID: 24635724 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water stress (WS) slows growth and photosynthesis (A(n)), but most knowledge comes from short-time studies that do not account for longer term acclimation processes that are especially relevant in tree species. Using two Eucalyptus species that contrast in drought tolerance, we induced moderate and severe water deficits by withholding water until stomatal conductance (g(sw)) decreased to two pre-defined values for 24 d, WS was maintained at the target g(sw) for 29 d and then plants were re-watered. Additionally, we developed new equations to simulate the effect on mesophyll conductance (g(m)) of accounting for the resistance to refixation of CO(2). The diffusive limitations to CO(2), dominated by the stomata, were the most important constraints to A(n). Full recovery of A(n) was reached after re-watering, characterized by quick recovery of gm and even higher biochemical capacity, in contrast to the slower recovery of g(sw). The acclimation to long-term WS led to decreased mesophyll and biochemical limitations, in contrast to studies in which stress was imposed more rapidly. Finally, we provide evidence that higher gm under WS contributes to higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and reduces the leaf oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of gm as a target for breeding/genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Cano
- Unidad Docente de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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140
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Holzinger A, Kaplan F, Blaas K, Zechmann B, Komsic-Buchmann K, Becker B. Transcriptomics of desiccation tolerance in the streptophyte green alga Klebsormidium reveal a land plant-like defense reaction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110630. [PMID: 25340847 PMCID: PMC4207709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water loss has significant effects on physiological performance and survival rates of algae. However, despite the prominent presence of aeroterrestrial algae in terrestrial habitats, hardly anything is known about the molecular events that allow aeroterrestrial algae to survive harsh environmental conditions. We analyzed the transcriptome and physiology of a strain of the alpine aeroterrestrial alga Klebsormidium crenulatum under control and strong desiccation-stress conditions. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS For comparison we first established a reference transcriptome. The high-coverage reference transcriptome includes about 24,183 sequences (1.5 million reads, 636 million bases). The reference transcriptome encodes for all major pathways (energy, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, sugars), nearly all deduced pathways are complete or missing only a few transcripts. Upon strong desiccation, more than 7000 transcripts showed changes in their expression levels. Most of the highest up-regulated transcripts do not show similarity to known viridiplant proteins, suggesting the existence of some genus- or species-specific responses to desiccation. In addition, we observed the up-regulation of many transcripts involved in desiccation tolerance in plants (e.g. proteins similar to those that are abundant in late embryogenesis (LEA), or proteins involved in early response to desiccation ERD), and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFO) known to act as osmolytes). Major physiological shifts are the up-regulation of transcripts for photosynthesis, energy production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, which is supported by elevated cellular glutathione content as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy as well as an increase in total antiradical power. However, the effective quantum yield of Photosystem II and CO2 fixation decreased sharply under the applied desiccation stress. In contrast, transcripts for cell integrative functions such as cell division, DNA replication, cofactor biosynthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis were down-regulated. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study investigating the desiccation transcriptome of a streptophyte green alga. Our results indicate that the cellular response is similar to embryophytes, suggesting that embryophytes inherited a basic cellular desiccation tolerance from their streptophyte predecessors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Functional Plant Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franziska Kaplan
- University of Innsbruck, Functional Plant Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Blaas
- University of Innsbruck, Functional Plant Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Baylor University, Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Burkhard Becker
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
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141
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Bock DG, Andrew RL, Rieseberg LH. On the adaptive value of cytoplasmic genomes in plants. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4899-911. [PMID: 25223488 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Is DNA variation maintained in organelle genomes selectively neutral? The answer to this question has important implications for many aspects of ecology and evolution. While traditionally the answer has been 'yes', recent studies in animals have shown that, on the contrary, mitochondrial DNA polymorphism is frequently adaptive. In plants, however, the neutrality assumption has not been strongly challenged. Here, we begin with a critical evaluation of arguments in favour of this long-held view. We then discuss the latest empirical evidence for the opposing prediction that sequence variation in plant cytoplasmic genomes is frequently adaptive. While outstanding research progress is being made towards understanding this fundamental topic, we highlight the need for studies that combine information ranging from field experiments to physiology to molecular evolutionary biology. Such an interdisciplinary approach provides a means for determining the frequency, drivers and evolutionary significance of adaptive organelle DNA variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G Bock
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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142
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Schertl P, Cabassa C, Saadallah K, Bordenave M, Savouré A, Braun HP. Biochemical characterization of proline dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis mitochondria. FEBS J 2014; 281:2794-804. [PMID: 24751239 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proline has multiple functions in plants. Besides being a building block for protein biosynthesis proline plays a central role in the plant stress response and in further cellular processes. Here, we report an analysis on the integration of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) into mitochondrial metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. An experimental system to induce ProDH activity was established using cell cultures. Induction of ProDH was measured by novel photometric activity assays and by a ProDH in gel activity assay. Effects of increased ProDH activity on other mitochondrial enzymes were systematically investigated. Activities of the protein complexes of the respiratory chain were not significantly altered. In contrast, some mitochondrial dehydrogenases had markedly changed activities. Activity of glutamate dehydrogenase substantially increased, indicating upregulation of the entire proline catabolic pathway, which was confirmed by co-expression analyses of the corresponding genes. Furthermore, activity of d-lactate dehydrogenase was increased. d-lactate was identified to be a competitive inhibitor of ProDH in plants. We suggest that induction of d-lactate dehydrogenase activity allows rapid upregulation of ProDH activity during the short-term stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schertl
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Plant Proteomics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
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143
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Trono D, Laus MN, Soccio M, Pastore D. Transport pathways--proton motive force interrelationship in durum wheat mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8186-215. [PMID: 24821541 PMCID: PMC4057727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In durum wheat mitochondria (DWM) the ATP-inhibited plant mitochondrial potassium channel (PmitoK(ATP)) and the plant uncoupling protein (PUCP) are able to strongly reduce the proton motive force (pmf) to control mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species; under these conditions, mitochondrial carriers lack the driving force for transport and should be inactive. However, unexpectedly, DWM uncoupling by PmitoK(ATP) neither impairs the exchange of ADP for ATP nor blocks the inward transport of Pi and succinate. This uptake may occur via the plant inner membrane anion channel (PIMAC), which is physiologically inhibited by membrane potential, but unlocks its activity in de-energized mitochondria. Probably, cooperation between PIMAC and carriers may accomplish metabolite movement across the inner membrane under both energized and de-energized conditions. PIMAC may also cooperate with PmitoK(ATP) to transport ammonium salts in DWM. Interestingly, this finding may trouble classical interpretation of in vitro mitochondrial swelling; instead of free passage of ammonia through the inner membrane and proton symport with Pi, that trigger metabolite movements via carriers, transport of ammonium via PmitoK(ATP) and that of the counteranion via PIMAC may occur. Here, we review properties, modulation and function of the above reported DWM channels and carriers to shed new light on the control that they exert on pmf and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maura N Laus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Mario Soccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Donato Pastore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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144
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Boswell LC, Moore DS, Hand SC. Quantification of cellular protein expression and molecular features of group 3 LEA proteins from embryos of Artemia franciscana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:329-41. [PMID: 24061850 PMCID: PMC3982030 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are highly hydrophilic, low complexity proteins whose expression has been correlated with desiccation tolerance in anhydrobiotic organisms. Here, we report the identification of three new mitochondrial LEA proteins in anhydrobiotic embryos of Artemia franciscana, AfrLEA3m_47, AfrLEA3m_43, and AfrLEA3m_29. These new isoforms are recognized by antibody raised against recombinant AfrLEA3m, the original mitochondrial-targeted LEA protein previously reported from these embryos; mass spectrometry confirms all four proteins share sequence similarity. The corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA) species for the four proteins are readily amplified from total complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared from embryos. cDNA sequences of the four mRNAs are quite similar, but each has a stretch of sequence that is absent in at least one of the others, plus multiple single base pair differences. We conclude that all four mitochondrial LEA proteins are products of independent genes. Each possesses a mitochondrial targeting sequence, and indeed Western blots performed on extracts of isolated mitochondria clearly detect all four isoforms. Based on mass spectrometry and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migration, the cytoplasmic-localized AfrLEA2 exists primarily as a homodimer in A. franciscana. Quantification of protein expression for AfrLEA2, AfrLEA3m, AfrLEA3m_43, and AfrLEA3m_29 as a function of development shows that cellular concentrations are highest in diapause embryos and decrease during development to low levels in desiccation-intolerant nauplius larvae. When adjustment is made for mitochondria matrix volume, the effective concentrations of cytoplasmic versus mitochondrial group 3 LEA proteins are similar in vivo, and the values provide guidance for the design of in vitro functional studies with these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leaf C Boswell
- Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA,
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145
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Sandoval-Gil JM, Ruiz JM, Marín-Guirao L, Bernardeau-Esteller J, Sánchez-Lizaso JL. Ecophysiological plasticity of shallow and deep populations of the Mediterranean seagrasses Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa in response to hypersaline stress. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 95:39-61. [PMID: 24411277 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The differential expression of the plant phenotypic plasticity due to inter- and intraspecific divergences can determine the plant physiological tolerance under stress. In this work, we examined the interspecific ecophysiological plasticity that the main Mediterranean seagrass species with distinct marine environmental distribution (Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa) can exhibit in response to hypersaline stress. We also tested the potential implication of ecotypic intraspecific divergences in the development of such plasticities. To this end, plants from shallow (5-7 m) and deep (18-20 m) meadows of both were maintained under two salinity treatments (natural salinity level of 37, and hypersaline treatment of 43; Practical Salinity Scale) during a long-term experiment (i.e. 62 days) developed in a highly controlled mesocosm system. Hypersaline stress caused notable plastic physiological alterations in P. oceanica and C. nodosa, with appreciable inter- and intraspecific differences. Although both species were similarly able to osmoregulate by means of organic solute accumulation (proline and sugars) in response to hypersalinity stress, higher carbon balance reductions were detected in P. oceanica plants from the deep meadow and in shallower C. nodosa plants, due to both photosynthetic inhibition and enhancement of respiration. None of these deleterious effects were found in C. nodosa plants form the deeper meadow. Leaf photosynthetic pigments generally increased in P. oceanica from both depths, but light absorbance capacities by leaves and photosynthetic efficiency followed contrasting patterns, increasing and decreasing in plants from the deep and the shallow meadows, respectively, indicating distinct strategies to cope with photosynthetic dysfunctions. Despite the significant reduction of pigments in the shallower C. nodosa plants, their leaves were able to increase their light capture capacities under hypersaline stress, by means of particular leaf optics adjustments (pigment packaging reduction). The metabolic costs as a consequence of the physiological plasticity integration seemed to compromise the vitality of P. oceanica, but not in the case of C. nodosa. These results confirm that both the inter- and intraspecific divergences play a key role in the responses which both Mediterranean seagrasses could develop under hypersaline stress conditions, and that these were consistent with their distinct ecological strategies and salinity tolerance ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain; Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante. Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/ Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain; Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante. Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante. Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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146
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Joseph T, Whitehead D, Turnbull MH. Soil water availability influences the temperature response of photosynthesis and respiration in a grass and a woody shrub. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:468-481. [PMID: 32481006 DOI: 10.1071/fp13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of the shrub kānuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides (A. Rich) J. Thompson) and the pasture grass brown top (Agrostis capillarus L.) were grown in intact soil cores in climate-controlled cabinets to analyse the thermal response of leaf-level carbon exchange at four levels of volumetric soil water content (θ). The objective was to resolve the combined effects of relatively rapid and short-term changes in θ and temperature on the thermal responses of both photosynthesis and respiration in these two contrasting plant types. Results showed that θ had a greater effect on the short-term temperature response of photosynthesis than the temperature response of respiration. The optimum value of θ for net photosynthesis was around 30% for both plants. The photosynthetic capacity of kānuka and the grass declined significantly when θ fell below 20%. The temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis was low at low soil water content and increased at moderate to high soil water content in both plant types. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature sensitivity of photosynthetic parameters was similar for both plant types, but the sensitivity of respiratory parameters differed. Respiratory capacity increased with increasing soil water content in kānuka but declined significantly when θ fell below 15%. There was no significant influence of soil water content on respiratory capacity in the grass. Collectively, our results indicate that θ influenced the temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis and respiration, and altered the balance between foliar respiration and photosynthetic capacity in both plant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Joseph
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew H Turnbull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
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147
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A poly(A)-specific ribonuclease directly regulates the poly(A) status of mitochondrial mRNA in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2247. [PMID: 23912222 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of gene expression in the organelles and the nucleus is important for eukaryotic cell function. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation in mitochondria remains incompletely understood in most eukaryotes, including plants. Here we show that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease, which influences the poly(A) status of cytoplasmic mRNA in many eukaryotes, directly regulates the poly(A) tract of mitochondrial mRNA in conjunction with a bacterial-type poly(A) polymerase, AGS1, in Arabidopsis. An Arabidopsis poly(A)-specific ribonuclease-deficient mutant, ahg2-1, accumulates polyadenylated mitochondrial mRNA and shows defects in mitochondrial protein complex levels. Mutations of AGS1 suppress the ahg2-1 phenotype. Mitochondrial localizations of AHG2 and AGS1 are required for their functions in the regulation of the poly(A) tract of mitochondrial mRNA. Our findings suggest that AHG2 and AGS1 constitute a regulatory system that controls mitochondrial mRNA poly(A) status in Arabidopsis.
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148
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MitoSatPlant: mitochondrial microsatellites database of viridiplantae. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:334-7. [PMID: 24561221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellites also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) consist of 1-6 nucleotide long repeating units. The importance of mitochondrial SSRs (mtSSRs) in fields like population genetics, plant phylogenetics and genome mapping motivated us to develop MitoSatPlant, a repository of plant mtSSRs. It contains information for perfect, imperfect and compound SSRs mined from 92 mitochondrial genomes of green plants, available at NCBI (as of 1 Feb 2014). A total of 72,798 SSRs were found, of which PCR primers were designed for 72,495 SSRs. Among all sequences, tetranucleotide repeats (26,802) were found to be most abundant whereas hexanucleotide repeats (2751) were detected with least frequency. MitoSatPlant was developed using SQL server 2008 and can be accessed through a front end designed in ASP.Net. It is an easy to use, user-friendly database and will prove to be a useful resource for plant scientists. To the best of our knowledge MitoSatPlant is the only database available for plant mtSSRs and can be freely accessed at http://compubio.in/mitosatplant/.
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149
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Sevanto S, Mcdowell NG, Dickman LT, Pangle R, Pockman WT. How do trees die? A test of the hydraulic failure and carbon starvation hypotheses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:153-61. [PMID: 23730972 PMCID: PMC4280888 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research on plant drought tolerance, the physiological mechanisms by which trees succumb to drought are still under debate. We report results from an experiment designed to separate and test the current leading hypotheses of tree mortality. We show that piñon pine (Pinus edulis) trees can die of both hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, and that during drought, the loss of conductivity and carbohydrate reserves can also co-occur. Hydraulic constraints on plant carbohydrate use determined survival time: turgor loss in the phloem limited access to carbohydrate reserves, but hydraulic control of respiration prolonged survival. Our data also demonstrate that hydraulic failure may be associated with loss of adequate tissue carbohydrate content required for osmoregulation, which then promotes failure to maintain hydraulic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Correspondence: S. Sevanto. e-mail:
| | - Nate G Mcdowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Robert Pangle
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico219 Yale Blvd., Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico219 Yale Blvd., Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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150
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Wang WH, Chen J, Liu TW, Chen J, Han AD, Simon M, Dong XJ, He JX, Zheng HL. Regulation of the calcium-sensing receptor in both stomatal movement and photosynthetic electron transport is crucial for water use efficiency and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:223-34. [PMID: 24187420 PMCID: PMC3883291 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Production per amount of water used (water use efficiency, WUE) is closely correlated with drought tolerance. Although stomatal aperture can regulate WUE, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Previous reports revealed that stomatal closure was inhibited in the calcium-sensing receptor (CAS) antisense line of Arabidopsis (CASas). Here it is shown that decreased drought tolerance and WUE of CASas was associated with higher stomatal conductance due to improper regulation of stomatal aperture, rather than any change of stomatal density. CASas plants also had a lower CO2 assimilation rate that was attributed to a lower photosynthetic electron transport rate, leading to higher chlorophyll fluorescence. Gene co-expression combined with analyses of chlorophyll content and transcription levels of photosynthesis-related genes indicate that CAS is involved in the formation of the photosynthetic electron transport system. These data suggest that CAS regulates transpiration and optimizes photosynthesis by playing important roles in stomatal movement and formation of photosynthetic electron transport, thereby regulating WUE and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ting-Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ai-Dong Han
- Key Laboratory for Cell Biology of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Martin Simon
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xue-Jun Dong
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Jun-Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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