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Khatri B, Whelan A, Clifford D, Petrera A, Sander P, Vordermeier HM. BCG Δzmp1 vaccine induces enhanced antigen specific immune responses in cattle. Vaccine 2014; 32:779-84. [PMID: 24394444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes major economy and public health problem in numerous countries. In Great Britain, despite the use of a test-and-slaughter strategy, the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle has steadily risen in recent years. One strategy being considered to reduce the burden of bTB in cattle is the development of an efficient vaccine. The only current potentially available vaccine against tuberculosis, live attenuated M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has demonstrated variable efficacy in both humans and cattle and the development of improved vaccination strategies for cattle is a research priority. In this study we assessed the immunogenicity in cattle of two recombinant BCG strains, namely BCG Pasteur Δzmp1::aph and BCG Danish Δzmp1. By applying a recently defined predictive immune-correlate of protection (T cell memory responses measured by cultured ELISPOT), we have compared these two recombinant BCG with wild-type BCG Danish SSI. Our results demonstrated that both strains induced superior T cell memory responses compared to wild-type BCG. These data provide support for the prioritisation of testing BCG Danish Δzmp1 in vaccination/M. bovis challenge studies to determine its protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwati Khatri
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Whelan
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Clifford
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien (NZM), Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
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102
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Tan K, Liang J, Teng X, Wang X, Zhang J, Yuan X, Fan X. Comparison of BCG prime-DNA booster and rBCG regimens for protection against tuberculosis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:391-8. [PMID: 24192709 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective adult prophylaxis vaccine is a high priority in the global control of tuberculosis (TB), because TB remains an important public health problem and the current widely used BCG vaccine provides effective protection only for children but variable protection against adult TB. BCG priming-heterologous vaccines booster and recombinant BCG technologies have been thought as two important regimens for inducing effective protection against adult TB. Obviously, defining the protective efficacy of the two regimens would benefit more rational design of the future adult TB vaccines. In this study, a recombinant BCG strain (rBCG::685A) expressing the fusion protein of ESAT-6 and Ag85A (r685A) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed successfully and the secretion of r685A protein from rBCG strain was confirmed by western blotting with anti-ESAT-6 and anti-Ag85A polyclonal antibodies, respectively. The immune responses and protective effects in rBCG::685A vaccinated C57BL/6 mice were compared with that of our previous reported BCG prime-pcD685A booster regimen. Boosting BCG with pcD685A DNA elicited higher level of r685A protein specific IFN-γ secreted by splenocytes and a more significant increase of both TNF-α and iNOS responses in the lung, thus providing better control of bacterial growth in both lung and spleen of immunized mice challenged with virulent M. tuberculosis, compared with mice vaccinated with rBCG::685A or BCG alone. Our results have implications for development of more effective adult TB vaccines for improved control of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tan
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xindong Teng
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
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103
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Meyer J, McShane H. The next 10 years for tuberculosis vaccines: do we have the right plans in place? Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:443-51. [PMID: 23560924 PMCID: PMC5425624 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The control of TB is a global health priority. Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in the field of TB vaccines with numerous vaccine candidates entering the clinic and two candidates now in Phase IIb efficacy trials. Nevertheless, the lack of predictive animal models and biomarkers of TB vaccine efficacy prevents rational vaccine down-selection and necessitates prolonged and expensive clinical efficacy trials in target populations. Advances in molecular technology and progress in the development of human as well as animal mycobacterial challenge models make the identification of one or more immune correlates of protection a genuine prospect over the next decade. Moreover, the increasing pace, extent and coordination of global research efforts in TB promises to broaden understanding and inform the next generation of vaccine candidates against TB as well as related globally important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Meyer
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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104
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Mir SA, Sharma S. Role of MHC class Ib molecule, H2-M3 in host immunity against tuberculosis. Vaccine 2013; 31:3818-25. [PMID: 23628242 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The MHC class I family comprises both classical (class Ia) and non-classical (class Ib) members. While the prime function of classical MHC class I molecules (MHC class Ia) is to present peptide antigens to pathogen-specific cytotoxic T cells, non-classical MHC-I (MHC class Ib) antigens perform diverse array of functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. Vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis need to induce strong cellular immune responses. Recent studies have shown that MHC class I molecules play an important role in the protective immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. Both MHC Ia-restricted and MHC class Ib-restricted M. tuberculosis -reactive CD8(+) T cells have been identified in humans and mice, but their relative contributions to immunity is still uncertain. Unlike MHC class Ia-restricted CD8(+) T cells, MHC class Ib-restricted CD8(+) T cells are constitutively activated in naive animals and respond rapidly to infection challenge, hence filling the temporal gap between innate and adaptive immunity. The present review article summarizes the general host immunity against M. tuberculosis infection highlighting the possible role of MHC class Ib molecule, H2-M3 and their ligands (N-formylated peptides) in protection against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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105
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106
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Baldwin SL, Ching LK, Pine SO, Moutaftsi M, Lucas E, Vallur A, Orr MT, Bertholet S, Reed SG, Coler RN. Protection against tuberculosis with homologous or heterologous protein/vector vaccine approaches is not dependent on CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2514-2525. [PMID: 23904160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been directed to develop Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines to boost bacille Calmette-Guérin or for those who cannot be immunized with bacille Calmette-Guérin. We hypothesized that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses with a heterologous prime/boost vaccine approach could induce long-lived vaccine efficacy against M. tuberculosis in C57BL/6 mice. We produced an adenovirus vector expressing ID93 (Ad5-ID93) for induction of CD8 T cells to use with our candidate tuberculosis vaccine, ID93/glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA)-stable emulsion (SE), which induces potent Th1 CD4 T cells. Ad5-ID93 generates ID93-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and induces protection against M. tuberculosis. When Ad5-ID93 is administered in a prime-boost strategy with ID93/GLA-SE, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are generated and provide protection against M. tuberculosis. In a MHC class I-deficient mouse model, all groups including the Ad5-ID93 group elicited an Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell response and significantly fewer Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, but were still protected against M. tuberculosis, suggesting that CD4(+) Th1 T cells could compensate for the loss of CD8(+) T cells. Lastly, the order of the heterologous immunizations was critical. Long-lived vaccine protection was observed only when Ad5-ID93 was given as the boost following an ID93/GLA-SE prime. The homologous ID93/GLA-SE prime/boost regimen also induced long-lived protection. One of the correlates of protection between these two approaches was an increase in the total number of ID93-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells 6 mo following the last immunization. Our findings provide insight into the development of vaccines not only for tuberculosis, but other diseases requiring T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Lance K Ching
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Samuel O Pine
- Allergan, Inc. 2525 Dupont Dr., Irvine, CA USA 92612
| | - Magdalini Moutaftsi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Elyse Lucas
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Aarthy Vallur
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102
| | | | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195.,Immune Design Corp., 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 700, Seattle, WA, USA 98104
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite 400, Seattle, WA, USA 98102.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195
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107
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Dintwe OB, Day CL, Smit E, Nemes E, Gray C, Tameris M, McShane H, Mahomed H, Hanekom WA, Scriba TJ. Heterologous vaccination against human tuberculosis modulates antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell function. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2409-20. [PMID: 23737382 PMCID: PMC3816254 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost strategies hold promise for vaccination against tuberculosis. However, the T-cell characteristics required for protection are not known. We proposed that boost vaccines should induce long-lived functional and phenotypic changes to T cells primed by Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and/or natural exposure to mycobacteria. We characterized changes among specific CD4+ T cells after vaccination with the MVA85A vaccine in adults, adolescents, and children. CD4+ T cells identified with Ag85A peptide-bearing HLA class II tetramers were characterized by flow cytometry. We also measured proliferative potential and cytokine expression of Ag85A-specific CD4+ T cells. During the effector phase, MVA85A-induced specific CD4+ T cells coexpressed IFN-γ and IL-2, skin homing integrins, and the activation marker CD38. This was followed by contraction and a transition to predominantly IL-2-expressing, CD45RA−CCR7+CD27+ or CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+ specific CD4+ T cells. These surface phenotypes were similar to Ag85A-specific T cells prior to MVA85A. However, functional differences were observed postvaccination: specific proliferative capacity was markedly higher after 6–12 months than before vaccination. Our data suggest that MVA85A vaccination may modulate Ag85A-specific CD4+ T-cell function, resulting in greater recall potential. Importantly, surface phenotypes commonly used as proxies for memory T-cell function did not associate with functional effects of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- One B Dintwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Cheryl L Day
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica Smit
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Clive Gray
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tameris
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen McShane
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine and The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford UniversityOxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Mahomed
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
- Correspondence: Dr. Thomas J. Scriba, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Werner and Beit Building, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa, Fax: +27-214066693, e-mail:
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108
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Vani J, Shaila MS, Trinath J, Balaji KN, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall–Associated Rv3812 Protein Induces Strong Dendritic Cell–Mediated Interferon γ Responses and Exhibits Vaccine Potential. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1034-6. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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109
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van Helden PD, Hoal EG. A new TB vaccine: Fact or fiction? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:287-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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110
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Nonclinical Development of BCG Replacement Vaccine Candidates. Vaccines (Basel) 2013; 1:120-38. [PMID: 26343962 PMCID: PMC4515585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines1020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of current Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines, given to neonates to protect against adult tuberculosis and the risk of using these live vaccines in HIV-infected infants, has emphasized the need for generating new, more efficacious and safer replacement vaccines. With the availability of genetic techniques for constructing recombinant BCG (rBCG) strains containing well-defined gene deletions or insertions, new vaccine candidates are under evaluation at both the preclinical and clinical stages of development. Since most BCG vaccines in use today were evaluated in clinical trials decades ago and are produced by outdated processes, the development of new BCG vaccines offers a number of advantages that include a modern well-defined manufacturing process along with state-of-the-art evaluation of safety and efficacy in target populations. We provide a description of the preclinical development of two novel rBCGs, VPM1002 that was constructed by adding a modified hly gene coding for the protein listeriolysin O (LLO) from Listeria monocytogenes and AERAS-422, which carries a modified pfoA gene coding for the protein perfringolysin O (PFO) from Clostridium perfringens, and three genes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Novel approaches like these should be helpful in generating stable and effective rBCG vaccine candidates that can be better characterized than traditional BCG vaccines.
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111
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Kaufmann SH. Tuberculosis vaccines: Time to think about the next generation. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:172-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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112
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Alvarez-Corrales N, Ahmed RK, Rodriguez CA, Balaji KN, Rivera R, Sompallae R, Vudattu NK, Hoffner SE, Zumla A, Pineda-Garcia L, Maeurer M. Differential cellular recognition pattern to M. tuberculosis targets defined by IFN-γ and IL-17 production in blood from TB + patients from Honduras as compared to health care workers: TB and immune responses in patients from Honduras. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:125. [PMID: 23497342 PMCID: PMC3599548 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the quality of cellular immune responses directed against molecularly defined targets will guide the development of TB diagnostics and identification of molecularly defined, clinically relevant M.tb vaccine candidates. Methods Recombinant proteins (n = 8) and peptide pools (n = 14) from M. tuberculosis (M.tb) targets were used to compare cellular immune responses defined by IFN-γ and IL-17 production using a Whole Blood Assay (WBA) in a cohort of 148 individuals, i.e. patients with TB + (n = 38), TB- individuals with other pulmonary diseases (n = 81) and individuals exposed to TB without evidence of clinical TB (health care workers, n = 29). Results M.tb antigens Rv2958c (glycosyltransferase), Rv2962c (mycolyltransferase), Rv1886c (Ag85B), Rv3804c (Ag85A), and the PPE family member Rv3347c were frequently recognized, defined by IFN-γ production, in blood from healthy individuals exposed to M.tb (health care workers). A different recognition pattern was found for IL-17 production in blood from M.tb exposed individuals responding to TB10.4 (Rv0288), Ag85B (Rv1886c) and the PPE family members Rv0978c and Rv1917c. Conclusions The pattern of immune target recognition is different in regard to IFN-γ and IL-17 production to defined molecular M.tb targets in PBMCs from individuals frequently exposed to M.tb. The data represent the first mapping of cellular immune responses against M.tb targets in TB patients from Honduras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alvarez-Corrales
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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113
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Safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant BCG vaccine VPM1002 in a phase 1 open-label randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2013; 31:1340-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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114
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Wang J, Qie Y, Liu W, Wang H. Protective efficacy of a recombinant BCG secreting antigen 85B/Rv3425 fusion protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1869-74. [PMID: 22906934 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the protective efficacy of a novel recombinant BCG strain co-expressing Ag85B and Rv3425 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was evaluated in mice. This rBCG::Ag85B-Rv3425 strain could provide similar or even better protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis challenge compared with BCG, as shown by no weight loss, significantly reduced lung:body weight ratios and lung bacteria load only at early time of infection. The results suggest that rBCG::Ag85B-Rv3425 could be a potential tuberculosis vaccine candidate for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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115
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Kaufmann SHE, Gengenbacher M. Recombinant live vaccine candidates against tuberculosis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:900-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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116
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The recombinant tuberculosis vaccine rBCG ΔureC::hly(+) induces apoptotic vesicles for improved priming of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Vaccine 2012; 30:7608-14. [PMID: 23088886 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recombinant BCG ΔureC::hly(+) (rBCG) vaccine candidate is more efficient than parental BCG (pBCG) against tuberculosis (TB) in preclinical models. Evidence exists for superior CD4 and CD8 T cell stimulation. Although the responsible immune mechanisms are incompletely understood, crosspriming of CD8 T cells has been proposed as a major mechanism underlying better protection of rBCG over pBCG. The present study investigates the role of apoptotic vesicles from pBCG- and rBCG-infected macrophages in crosspriming. METHODS Apoptotic vesicles were isolated from pBCG- and rBCG-infected mouse macrophages. The priming potential of the isolated vesicles was evaluated in terms of dendritic cell activation and specific T cell stimulation. RESULTS Apoptotic vesicles from both pBCG- and rBCG-infected macrophages activated dendritic cells but to a different degree. Overall, rBCG-infected apoptotic vesicles induced more profound CD4 and CD8 T cell responses as compared to pBCG. CONCLUSIONS These data support the notion that the improved vaccine efficacy of rBCG rests on enhanced crosspriming as a consequence of stronger apoptosis.
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117
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Abstract
In this review we discuss recent progress in the development, testing, and clinical evaluation of new vaccines against tuberculosis (TB). Over the last 20 years, tremendous progress has been made in TB vaccine research and development: from a pipeline virtually empty of new TB candidate vaccines in the early 1990s, to an era in which a dozen novel TB vaccine candidates have been and are being evaluated in human clinical trials. In addition, innovative approaches are being pursued to further improve existing vaccines, as well as discover new ones. Thus, there is good reason for optimism in the field of TB vaccines that it will be possible to develop better vaccines than BCG, which is still the only vaccine available against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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118
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Kaufmann SHE. Tuberculosis vaccine development: strength lies in tenacity. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:373-9. [PMID: 22560865 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a tremendous increase in the development of novel vaccines against tuberculosis (TB). In mice, each of these vaccine candidates stimulates an immune response that reduces the bacillary load, reflecting control but not sterilization of infection. Yet, the immune mechanisms underlying vaccine efficacy are only partially understood. In parallel to clinical assessment of current candidates, the next generation of vaccine candidates still needs to be developed. This requires basic research on how to induce the most efficacious immune response. Equally important is the dissection of immune responses in patients, latently infected healthy individuals, and participants of clinical vaccine trials. Amalgamation of this information will foster the way towards more efficacious vaccination strategies that not only prevent disease, but prevent or abolish infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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119
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Unnikrishnan M, Rappuoli R, Serruto D. Recombinant bacterial vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:337-42. [PMID: 22541723 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are currently available for many infectious diseases caused by several microbes and the prevention of disease and death by vaccination has profoundly improved public health globally. However, vaccines are not yet licensed for use against many other infectious diseases and new or improved vaccines are needed to replace suboptimal vaccines, and against newly emerging pathogens. Most of the vaccines currently licensed for human use include live attenuated and inactivated or killed microorganisms. Only a small subset is based on purified components and even fewer are recombinantly produced. Novel approaches in recombinant DNA technology, genomics and structural biology have revolutionized the way vaccine candidates are developed and will make a significant impact in the generation of safer and more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Unnikrishnan
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
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