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Guo Y, Luo C, Sun Y, Guo W, Zhang R, Zhang X, Ke X, Wei L. Inhibition of mitochondrial fusion via SIRT1/PDK2/PARL axis breaks mitochondrial metabolic plasticity and sensitizes cancer cells to glucose restriction therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115342. [PMID: 37633053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria dynamically change their morphology via fusion and fission, a process called mitochondrial dynamics. Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics respond rapidly to metabolic cues, and are linked to the initiation and progression of diverse human cancers. Metabolic adaptations significantly contribute to tumor development and escape from tissue homeostatic defenses. In this work, we identified oroxylin A (OA), a dual GLUT1/mitochondrial fusion inhibitor, which restricted glucose catabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and simultaneously inhibited mitochondrial fusion by disturbing SIRT1/PDK2/PARL axis. Based the dual action of OA in metabolic regulation and mitochondrial dynamics, further results revealed that mitochondrial functional status and spare respiratory capacity (SRC) of cancer cells had a close correlation with mitochondrial metabolic plasticity, and played important roles in the susceptibility to cancer therapy aiming at glucose restriction. Cancer cells with healthy mitochondria and high SRC exhibit greater metabolic flexibility and higher resistance to GLUT1 inhibitors. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that high SRC cells fuse mitochondria in response to glucose restriction, enhancing tolerance to energy deficiency, but undergo less mitochondrial oxidative stress compared to low SRC cells. Thus, inhibiting mitochondrial fusion breaks mitochondrial metabolic plasticity and increases cancer cell susceptibility to glucose restriction therapy. Collectively, these finding indicate that combining a GLUT1 inhibitor with a mitochondrial fusion inhibitor can work synergistically in cancer therapy and, more broadly, suggest that the incorporations of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic regulation may become the targetable vulnerabilities bypassing the genotypic heterogeneity of multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Guo
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuening Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Ke
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libin Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Li C, Han S, Zhu J, Cheng F. MiR-132-3p activation aggravates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting Sirt1/PGC1alpha axis. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110801. [PMID: 37433399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of renal ischemic diseases remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate the induction of microRNA-132-3p (miR-132-3p) in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) and cultured renal tubular cells under oxidative stress. miR-132-3p mimic increased apoptosis in renal tubular cells and enhanced ischemic AKI in mice, whereas miR-132-3p inhibition offered protective effects. We analyzed miR-132-3p target genes through bioinformatic analysis and Sirt1 was predicted as the target gene of miR-132-3p. Luciferase microRNA target reporter assay further verified Sirt1 as a direct target of miR-132-3p. In cultured tubular cells and mouse kidneys, IRI and H2O2 treatment repressed Sirt1 and PGC-1α/NRF2/HO-1 expression, whereas anti-miR-132-3p preserved Sirt1 and PGC-1α/NRF2/HO-1 expression. In renal tubular, Sirt1 inhibitor suppressed PGC1-1α/NRF2/HO-1 expression and aggravated tubular apoptosis. Together, the results suggest that miR-132-3p induction aggravates ischemic AKI and oxidative stress by repressing Sirt1 expression, and miR-132-3p inhibition offers renal protection and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shangting Han
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhang J, Li J, Liu Y, Liang R, Mao Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Effect of resveratrol on skeletal slow-twitch muscle fiber expression via AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in bovine myotubes. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109287. [PMID: 37490793 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of resveratrol on slow-twitch muscle fiber expression in bovine myotubes. The results revealed that resveratrol enhanced slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and suppressed fast MyHC protein expression, accompanied by increased MyHC I/IIa and decreased MyHC IIx/IIb mRNA levels in bovine myotubes (P < 0.05). Resveratrol also enhanced the activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, but reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein and gene expression of AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1α were upregulated by resveratrol (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PGC-1α inhibitor SR-18292 could attenuate resveratrol-induced muscle fiber conversion from fast-twitch to slow-twitch. These results suggest that resveratrol might promote muscle fiber type transition from fast-twitch to slow-twitch through the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis in bovine myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jiqiang Li
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yunge Liu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Kamel R, Baetz D, Gueguen N, Lebeau L, Barbelivien A, Guihot AL, Allawa L, Gallet J, Beaumont J, Ovize M, Henrion D, Reynier P, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Prunier F, Tamareille S. Kynurenic Acid: A Novel Player in Cardioprotection against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1381. [PMID: 37895852 PMCID: PMC10610491 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide; hence, there is an urgent need to discover novel cardioprotective strategies. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, has been previously reported to have cardioprotective effects. However, the mechanisms by which KYNA may be protective are still unclear. The current study addressed this issue by investigating KYNA's cardioprotective effect in the context of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS H9C2 cells and rats were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation or myocardial infarction, respectively, in the presence or absence of KYNA. In vitro, cell death was quantified using flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide staining. In vivo, TTC-Evans Blue staining was performed to evaluate infarct size. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities were measured using spectrophotometry. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot, and mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. RESULTS KYNA treatment significantly reduced H9C2-relative cell death as well as infarct size. KYNA did not exhibit any effect on the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity. SOD2 mRNA levels were increased by KYNA. A decrease in p62 protein levels together with a trend of increase in PARK2 may mark a stimulation of mitophagy. Additionally, ERK1/2, Akt, and FOXO3α phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced after the KYNA treatment. Altogether, KYNA significantly reduced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuries in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION Here we show that KYNA-mediated cardioprotection was associated with enhanced mitophagy and antioxidant defense. A deeper understanding of KYNA's cardioprotective mechanisms is necessary to identify promising novel therapeutic targets and their translation into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kamel
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Delphine Baetz
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69500 Bron, France; (D.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Lucie Lebeau
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Agnès Barbelivien
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Louwana Allawa
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Jean Gallet
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Justine Beaumont
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Michel Ovize
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69500 Bron, France; (D.B.); (M.O.)
- Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires & CIC de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Angers, F-49000 Angers, France;
| | - Sophie Tamareille
- MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France; (R.K.); (N.G.); (L.L.); (A.-L.G.); (L.A.); (D.H.); (P.R.); (D.M.-P.); (F.P.)
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Righetti R, Grillini S, Del Dotto V, Costanzini A, Liuzzi F, Zanna C, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Baracca A. The Pro-Oncogenic Protein IF 1 Promotes Proliferation of Anoxic Cancer Cells during Re-Oxygenation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14624. [PMID: 37834071 PMCID: PMC10572598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells overexpress IF1, the endogenous protein that inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase when mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔμH+) falls, as in ischemia. Other roles have been ascribed to IF1, but the associated molecular mechanisms are still under debate. We investigated the ability of IF1 to promote survival and proliferation in osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells exposed to conditions mimicking ischemia and reperfusion, as occurs in vivo, particularly in solid tumors. IF1-silenced and parental cells were exposed to the FCCP uncoupler to collapse ΔμH+ and the bioenergetics of cell models were validated. All the uncoupled cells preserved mitochondrial mass, but the implemented mechanisms differed in IF1-expressing and IF1-silenced cells. Indeed, the membrane potential collapse and the energy charge preservation allowed an increase in both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in IF1-expressing cells only. Interestingly, the presence of IF1 also conferred a proliferative advantage to cells highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation when the uncoupler was washed out, mimicking cell re-oxygenation. Overall, our results indicate that IF1, by allowing energy preservation and promoting mitochondrial renewal, can favor proliferation of anoxic cells and tumor growth. Therefore, hindering the action of IF1 may be promising for the therapy of tumors that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Righetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Grillini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Claudia Zanna
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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107
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Novak EA, Crawford EC, Mentrup HL, Griffith BD, Fletcher DM, Flanagan MR, Schneider C, Firek B, Rogers MB, Morowitz MJ, Piganelli JD, Wang Q, Mollen KP. Epithelial NAD + depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231700. [PMID: 37744380 PMCID: PMC10512956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously demonstrated that a pathologic downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) within the intestinal epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of PGC1α expression and activity during IBD is not yet clear. Methods Mice (male; C57Bl/6, Villincre/+;Pgc1afl/fl mice, and Pgc1afl/fl) were subjected to experimental colitis and treated with nicotinamide riboside. Western blot, high-resolution respirometry, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) quantification, and immunoprecipitation were used to in this study. Results We demonstrate a significant depletion in the NAD+ levels within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, as well as humans with ulcerative colitis. While we found no decrease in the levels of NAD+-synthesizing enzymes within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, we did find an increase in the mRNA level, as well as the enzymatic activity, of the NAD+-consuming enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Treatment of mice undergoing experimental colitis with an NAD+ precursor reduced the severity of colitis, restored mitochondrial function, and increased active PGC1α levels; however, NAD+ repletion did not benefit transgenic mice that lack PGC1α within the intestinal epithelium, suggesting that the therapeutic effects require an intact PGC1α axis. Discussion Our results emphasize the importance of PGC1α expression to both mitochondrial health and homeostasis within the intestinal epithelium and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for disease management. These findings also provide a mechanistic basis for clinical trials of nicotinamide riboside in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erin C. Crawford
- Division of Gastroenterology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather L. Mentrup
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian D. Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David M. Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Corinne Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew B. Rogers
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jon D. Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin P. Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Wang Z, Cao Z, Yue Z, Yang Z. Research progress of dihydromyricetin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1216907. [PMID: 37732125 PMCID: PMC10507363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1216907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder disease characterized by hyperglycemia, is mainly caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion or decreased insulin sensitivity in target tissue cells. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavonoid compound of dihydroflavonol that widely exists in Ampelopsis grossedentata. This review aims to summarize the research progress of DMY in the treatment of DM. A detailed summary of related signaling induced by DMY are discussed. Increasing evidence implicates that DMY display hypoglycemic effects in DM via improving glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating inflammatory responses, and reducing oxidative stress, with the signal transduction pathways underlying the regulation of AMPK or mTOR/autophagy, and relevant downstream cascades, including PGC-1α/SIRT3, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signal pathways. Hence, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic implications of DMY in DM are still obscure. In this review, following with a brief introduction of the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion characteristics of DMY, we summarized the current pharmacological developments of DMY as well as possible molecular mechanisms in the treatment of DM, aiming to push the understanding about the protective role of DMY as well as its preclinical assessment of novel application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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109
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Kubat GB, Bouhamida E, Ulger O, Turkel I, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Ekinci O, Ozerklig B, Atalay O, Patergnani S, Nur Sahin B, Morciano G, Tuncer M, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy: Causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:33-58. [PMID: 37451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement, posture and force production. More than just a component of the locomotor system, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting hundreds of bioactive molecules. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is crucial for supporting overall body health. Various pathological conditions, such as prolonged immobilization, cachexia, aging, drug-induced toxicity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), can disrupt the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing mechanism to skeletal muscle atrophy, as it plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy production, metabolic flexibility, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we critically examine recent knowledge regarding the causes of muscle atrophy (disuse, cachexia, aging, etc.) and its contribution to CVDs. Additionally, we highlight the mitochondrial signaling pathways involvement to skeletal muscle atrophy, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial fission-fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies, including exercise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, in vivo transfection of PGC-1α, and the potential use of mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beyza Nur Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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110
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Kim CH, Kim HY, Nah SY, Choi YK. The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on heme oxygenase-1 with a focus on mitochondrial function in pathophysiologic conditions. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:615-621. [PMID: 37720574 PMCID: PMC10499582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) plays a key role in heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction under physical and moderate oxidative stress conditions. The transient and mild induction of HO-1 is beneficial for cell protection, mitochondrial function, regeneration, and intercellular communication. However, chronic HO-1 overexpression is detrimental in severely injured regions. Thus, in a chronic pathological state, diminishing HO-1-mediated ferroptosis is beneficial for a therapeutic approach. The molecular mechanisms by which KRG protects various cell types in the central nervous system have not yet been established, especially in terms of HO-1-mediated mitochondrial functions. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the multiple roles of KRG in the regulation of astrocytic HO-1 under pathophysiological conditions. More specifically, we discuss the role of the KRG-mediated astrocytic HO-1 pathway in regulating mitochondrial functions in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases as well as physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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111
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Patra S, Praharaj PP, Singh A, Bhutia SK. Targeting SIRT1-regulated autophagic cell death as a novel therapeutic avenue for cancer prevention. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103692. [PMID: 37379905 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular localization and deacetylation activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has a significant role in cancer regulation. The multifactorial role of SIRT1 in autophagy regulates several cancer-associated cellular phenotypes, aiding cellular survival and cell death induction. SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and associated signaling mediators control carcinogenesis. The hyperactivation of bulk autophagy, disrupted lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis, and excessive mitophagy are key mechanism for SIRT1-mediated autophagic cell death (ACD). In terms of the SIRT1-ACD nexus, identifying SIRT1-activating small molecules and understanding the possible mechanism triggering ACD could be a potential therapeutic avenue for cancer prevention. In this review, we provide an update on the structural and functional intricacy of SIRT1 and SIRT1-mediated autophagy activation as an alternative cell death modality for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
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112
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Janilkarn-Urena I, Idrissova A, Zhang M, VanDreal M, Sanghavi N, Skinner SG, Cheng S, Zhang Z, Watanabe J, Asatryan L, Cadenas E, Davies DL. Dihydromyricetin supplementation improves ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1201007. [PMID: 37680900 PMCID: PMC10481966 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excessive alcohol consumption leads to a myriad of detrimental health effects, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Unfortunately, no available treatments exist to combat the progression of ALD beyond corticosteroid administration and/or liver transplants. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a bioactive polyphenol and flavonoid that has traditionally been used in Chinese herbal medicine for its robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from many plants, including Hovenia dulcis and is found as the active ingredient in a variety of popular hangover remedies. Investigations utilizing DHM have demonstrated its ability to alleviate ethanol-induced disruptions in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, while demonstrating hepatoprotective activity. Methods Female c57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were treated using the Lieber DeCarli forced-drinking and ethanol (EtOH) containing liquid diet, for 5 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) No-EtOH, (2) EtOH [5% (v/v)], and (3) EtOH [5% (v/v)] + DHM (6 mg/mL). Mice were exposed to ethanol for 2 weeks to ensure the development of ALD pathology prior to receiving dihydromyricetin supplementation. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA along with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, where p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Dihydromyricetin administration significantly improved aminotransferase levels (AST/ALT) and reduced levels of circulating lipids including LDL/VLDL, total cholesterol (free cholesterol), and triglycerides. DHM demonstrated enhanced lipid clearance by way of increased lipophagy activity, shown as the increased interaction and colocalization of p62/SQSTM-1, LC3B, and PLIN-1 proteins. DHM-fed mice had increased hepatocyte-to-hepatocyte lipid droplet (LD) heterogeneity, suggesting increased neutralization and sequestration of free lipids into LDs. DHM administration significantly reduced prominent pro-inflammatory cytokines commonly associated with ALD pathology such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17. Discussion Dihydromyricetin is commercially available as a dietary supplement. The results of this proof-of-concept study demonstrate its potential utility and functionality as a cost-effective and safe candidate to combat inflammation and the progression of ALD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Janilkarn-Urena
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alina Idrissova
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Masha VanDreal
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neysa Sanghavi
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha G. Skinner
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sydney Cheng
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Research Lab, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Translational Research Lab, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liana Asatryan
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daryl L. Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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113
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Wang CW, Chuang HC, Tan TH. ACE2 in chronic disease and COVID-19: gene regulation and post-translational modification. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:71. [PMID: 37608279 PMCID: PMC10464117 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a counter regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, provides protection against several chronic diseases. Besides chronic diseases, ACE2 is the host receptor for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 virus, mediating the first step of virus infection. ACE2 levels are regulated by transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation or modification. ACE2 transcription is enhanced by transcription factors including Ikaros, HNFs, GATA6, STAT3 or SIRT1, whereas ACE2 transcription is reduced by the transcription factor Brg1-FoxM1 complex or ERRα. ACE2 levels are also regulated by histone modification or miRNA-induced destabilization. The protein kinase AMPK, CK1α, or MAP4K3 phosphorylates ACE2 protein and induces ACE2 protein levels by decreasing its ubiquitination. The ubiquitination of ACE2 is induced by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 or UBR4 and decreased by the deubiquitinase UCHL1 or USP50. ACE2 protein levels are also increased by the E3 ligase PIAS4-mediated SUMOylation or the methyltransferase PRMT5-mediated ACE2 methylation, whereas ACE2 protein levels are decreased by AP2-mediated lysosomal degradation. ACE2 is downregulated in several human chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, or lung injury. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 upregulates ACE2 levels, enhancing host cell susceptibility to virus infection. Moreover, soluble ACE2 protein and exosomal ACE2 protein facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection into host cells. In this review, we summarize the gene regulation and post-translational modification of ACE2 in chronic disease and COVID-19. Understanding the regulation and modification of ACE2 may help to develop prevention or treatment strategies for ACE2-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Wang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Huai-Chia Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053 Taiwan
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Zhang K, Wang T, Sun GF, Xiao JX, Jiang LP, Tou FF, Qu XH, Han XJ. Metformin protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial fusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:47-61. [PMID: 37253410 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process responsible for cellular damage in glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy. Metformin is a biguanide drug that exerts strong effects on multiple diseases. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of metformin against retinal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. I/R induced reduction in retina thickness and cell number in ganglion cell layer, and metformin alleviated I/R-induced retinal injury. Both retinal I/R and simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SIR) in R28 cells down-regulated expression of mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn2 and OPA1, which led to mitochondrial fission. Metformin also alleviated damage in R28 cells, and reversed the alteration in Mfn2 and OPA1, mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption-induced by I/R or SIR as well. Intriguingly, inhibition of AMPK by compound C or siRNA prevented metformin-mediated up-regulation of Mfn2 and OPA1. Compound C and knockdown of Mfn2 or OPA1 dramatically alleviated the protective effect of metformin against intracellular ROS generation, MMP disruption, mitochondrial fission and loss of RGCs in ganglion cell layer induced by SIR or I/R. Moreover, scavenging mitochondrial ROS (mito-ROS) by mito-TEMPO exerted the similar protection against I/R-induced retinal injury or SIR-induced damage in R28 cells as metformin. Our data show for the first time that metformin protects against retinal I/R injury through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial fusion and the decreased mito-ROS generation. These findings might also repurpose metformin as a therapeutic agent for retinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital & the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jin-Xing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Tou
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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Mehramiz M, Porter T, O’Brien EK, Rainey-Smith SR, Laws SM. A Potential Role for Sirtuin-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Reviewing the Biological and Environmental Evidence. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:823-843. [PMID: 37662612 PMCID: PMC10473168 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), encoded by the SIRT1 gene, is a conserved Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent deacetylase enzyme, considered as the master regulator of metabolism in humans. Sirt1 contributes to a wide range of biological pathways via several mechanisms influenced by lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. The importance of a healthy lifestyle is of relevance to highly prevalent modern chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is growing evidence at multiple levels for a role of Sirt1/SIRT1 in AD pathological mechanisms. As such, this review will explore the relevance of Sirt1 to AD pathological mechanisms, by describing the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 in the development of AD pathological hallmarks, through its impact on the metabolism of amyloid-β and degradation of phosphorylated tau. We then explore the involvement of Sirt1/SIRT1 across different AD-relevant biological processes, including cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiome, before discussing the interplay between Sirt1 and AD-related lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and smoking, as well as depression, a common comorbidity. Genome-wide association studies have explored potential associations between SIRT1 and AD, as well as AD risk factors and co-morbidities. We summarize this evidence at the genetic level to highlight links between SIRT1 and AD, particularly associations with AD-related risk factors, such as heart disease. Finally, we review the current literature of potential interactions between SIRT1 genetic variants and lifestyle factors and how this evidence supports the need for further research to determine the relevance of these interactions with respect to AD and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrane Mehramiz
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eleanor K. O’Brien
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Kim Y, Ji H, Ryu D, Cho E, Park D, Jung E. Albizia julibrissin Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects by Inducing the Browning of 3T3L1 White Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11496. [PMID: 37511251 PMCID: PMC10380714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the Albizia julibrissin Leaf extracts (AJLE) on adipocytes using 3T3-L1 cells. AJLE inhibited adipogenesis by reducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) that regulate enzymes involved in fat synthesis and storage, and subsequently reduced intracellular lipid droplets, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), and triglyceride (TG). AJLE also increased the expression of brown adipocyte markers, such as uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), PR/SET domain 16 (PRDM16), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) by inducing the differentiation of brown adipocytes, as shown by a decrease in the lipid droplet sizes and increasing mitochondrial mass. AJLE increased the expression of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and UCP-1 protein expression, all of which are key factors in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. AJLE-induced browning was shown to be regulated by the coordination of AMPK, p38, and SIRT1 signaling pathways. The ability of AJLE to inhibit adipogenesis and induce brown adipocyte differentiation may help treat obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyanggi Ji
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Dehun Ryu
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea
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KIM SUJIN, PARK DONGHO, LEE SANGHYUN, KWAK HYOBUM, KANG JUHEE. Contribution of High-Intensity Interval Exercise in the Fasted State to Fat Browning: Potential Roles of Lactate and β-Hydroxybutyrate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1160-1171. [PMID: 36790381 PMCID: PMC10242519 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fat browning contributes to energy consumption and may have metabolic benefits against obesity; however, the potential roles of lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) in fat browning remain unclear. We investigated the roles of a single bout of aerobic exercise that increases lactate and β-HB levels in the fasted state on the regulation of fat browning in rats and humans. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 24-h fasting and/or a single bout moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (40 min): sedentary (CON), exercise (ND-EX), fasting (FAST), and exercise + fasting (F-EX). Adult men ( n = 13) were randomly assigned into control with food intake (CON), exercise with intensity at onset of blood lactate accumulation in the fasted state (F-OBLA), and high-intensity interval exercise in the fasted state (F-HIIE) until each participant expended 350 kcal of energy. For evaluating the effects of exercise intensity in rats, we conducted another set of animal experiment, including groups of sedentary fed control, fasting control, and exercise with moderate-intensity or HIIE for 40 min after a 24-h fasting. RESULTS Regardless of fasting, single bout of exercise increases the concentration of lactate and β-HB in rats, but the exercise in the fasted state increases the β-HB level more significantly in rats and humans. F-EX-activated fat browning (AMPK-SirT1-PGC1α pathway and PRDM16) and thermogenic factor (UCP1) in white fat of rats. In rats and humans, exercise in the fasted state increased the blood levels of fat browning-related adipomyokines. In particular, compared with F-OBLA, F-HIIE more efficiently increases free fatty acid as well as blood levels of fat browning adipomyokines in humans, which was correlated with blood levels of lactate and β-HB. In rats that performed exercise with different intensity, the higher plasma lactate and β-HB levels, and higher expression of p-AMPK, UCP1, and PRDM16 in white adipose tissue of HIIE group than those of moderate-intensity group, were observed. CONCLUSIONS A single bout of aerobic exercise in the fasted state significantly induced fat browning-related pathways, free fatty acid, and adipomyokines, particularly F-HIIE in human. Although further evidence for supporting our results is required in humans, aerobic exercise in the fasted state with high intensity that increase lactate and β-HB may be a modality of fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- SUJIN KIM
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - DONG-HO PARK
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - SANG-HYUN LEE
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - HYO-BUM KWAK
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - JU-HEE KANG
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
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Guo Y, Guan T, Shafiq K, Yu Q, Jiao X, Na D, Li M, Zhang G, Kong J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101955. [PMID: 37196864 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that features a functional decline in many organelles. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested as one of the determining factors of aging, the role of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) in aging is still poorly understood. A growing body of evidence points out that reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates mitochondrial dynamic changes and accelerates the accumulation of oxidized by-products through mitochondrial proteases and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are the frontline of MQC to dispose of oxidized derivatives. Besides, mitophagy helps remove partially damaged mitochondria to ensure that mitochondria are healthy and functional. Although abundant interventions on MQC have been explored, over-activation or inhibition of any type of MQC may even accelerate abnormal energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction-induced senescence. This review summarizes mechanisms essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and emphasizes that imbalanced MQC may accelerate cellular senescence and aging. Thus, appropriate interventions on MQC may delay the aging process and extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Teng Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kashfia Shafiq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Donghui Na
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Meiyu Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.
| | - Jiming Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Biswas S, Ghosh S, Maitra S. Role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics in zebrafish oocytes: lessons from in vivo and in vitro investigations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1202693. [PMID: 37457295 PMCID: PMC10347385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1202693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal mitochondrial functioning is indispensable for acquiring oocyte competence and meiotic maturation, whilst mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to diminished reproductive potential and impaired fertility. The role of the intra-ovarian IGF system in ovarian follicular dynamics has been implicated earlier. Although several studies have demonstrated the role of the IGF axis in facilitating mitochondrial function over a multitude of cell lines, its role in oocyte energy metabolism remains largely unexplored. Here using zebrafish, the relative importance of IGF1 in modulating oocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics has been investigated. A dramatic increase in ovarian lhcgr and igf1 expression accompanied heightened ATP levels and mitochondrial polarization in full-grown (FG) oocytes resuming meiotic maturation and ovulation in vivo. Concomitant with elevated igf1 expression and IGF1R phosphorylation, hCG (LH analog) stimulation of FG follicles in vitro prompted a sharp increase in NRF-1 and ATP levels, suggesting a positive influence of gonadotropin action on igf1 expression vis-à-vis oocyte bioenergetics. While recombinant IGF1 administration enhanced mitochondrial function, IGF1R immunodepletion or priming with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin could abrogate NRF-1 immunoreactivity, expression of respiratory chain subunits, ΔΨM, and ATP content. Mechanistically, activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in IGF1-treated follicles corroborated well with the rapid phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 (inactive) followed by PGC-1β accumulation. While selective inhibition of GSK3β promoted PGC-1β, Akt inhibition could abrogate IGF1-induced p-GSK3β (Ser9) and PGC-1β immunoreactive protein indicating Akt-mediated GSK3β inactivation and PGC-1β stabilization. The IGF1-depleted follicles showed elevated superoxide anions, subdued steroidogenic potential, and attenuated G2-M1 transition. In summary, this study highlights the importance of IGF1 signaling in oocyte bioenergetics prior to resumption of meiosis.
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Nita M, Grzybowski A. Antioxidative Role of Heterophagy, Autophagy, and Mitophagy in the Retina and Their Association with the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Etiopathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 37507908 PMCID: PMC10376332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an oxidative stress-linked neurodegenerative disease, leads to irreversible damage of the central retina and severe visual impairment. Advanced age and the long-standing influence of oxidative stress and oxidative cellular damage play crucial roles in AMD etiopathogenesis. Many authors emphasize the role of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy in maintaining homeostasis in the retina. Relevantly modifying the activity of both macroautophagy and mitophagy pathways represents one of the new therapeutic strategies in AMD. Our review provides an overview of the antioxidative roles of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy and presents associations between dysregulations of these molecular mechanisms and AMD etiopathogenesis. The authors performed an extensive analysis of the literature, employing PubMed and Google Scholar, complying with the 2013-2023 period, and using the following keywords: age-related macular degeneration, RPE cells, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy. Heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy play antioxidative roles in the retina; however, they become sluggish and dysregulated with age and contribute to AMD development and progression. In the retina, antioxidative roles also play in RPE cells, NFE2L2 and PGC-1α proteins, NFE2L2/PGC-1α/ARE signaling cascade, Nrf2 factor, p62/SQSTM1/Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, circulating miRNAs, and Yttrium oxide nanoparticles performed experimentally in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", 40-231 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Gorczyczewskiego 2/3, 61-553 Poznań, Poland
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Yao B, Wang X. CYP2J deficiency leads to cardiac injury and presents dual regulatory effects on cardiac function in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116610. [PMID: 37385478 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2 J2 (CYP2J2) enzyme is widely expressed in aortic endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes and affects cardiac function, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Based on CYP2J knockout (KO) rats, we have directly studied the metabolic regulation of CYP2J on cardiac function during aging. The results showed that CYP2J deficiency significantly reduced the content of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in plasma, aggravated myocarditis, myocardial hypertrophy, as well as fibrosis, and inhibited the mitochondrial energy metabolism signal network Pgc-1α/Ampk/Sirt1. With the increase of age, the levels of 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET in plasma of KO rats decreased significantly, and the heart injury was more serious. Interestingly, we found that after CYP2J deletion, the heart initiated a self-protection mechanism by upregulating cardiac mechanism factors Myh7, Dsp, Tnni3, Tnni2, and Scn5a, as well as mitochondrial fusion factors Mfn2 and Opa1. However, this protective effect disappeared with aging. In conclusion, CYP2J deficiency not only reduces the amount of EETs, but also plays a dual regulatory role in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao Z, Cui X, Liao Z. Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 in cardiac remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202730. [PMID: 37416922 PMCID: PMC10322220 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a basic pathological process that enables the progression of multiple cardiac diseases to heart failure. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is considered a regulator in maintaining energy homeostasis and shows a positive role in preventing damage caused by cardiac diseases. This review mainly summarizes the effects and related mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 21 on pathological processes associated with cardiac remodeling, based on a variety of cells of myocardial tissue. The possibility of Fibroblast growth factor 21 as a promising treatment for the cardiac remodeling process will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangping Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Paladines N, Dawson S, Ryan W, Serrano-Lopez R, Messer R, Huo Y, Cutler CW, Ramos-Junior ES, Morandini AC. Metabolic reprogramming through mitochondrial biogenesis drives adenosine anti-inflammatory effects: new mechanism controlling gingival fibroblast hyper-inflammatory state. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148216. [PMID: 37350964 PMCID: PMC10282177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblasts are the dominant stromal cells in the gingival lamina propria with a well-established relevance in regulation of inflammation, and in innate immunity. This is exemplified by their hypersecretion of CXCL8, enhancing leukocyte infiltration in chronic and sustained inflammatory conditions. We have previously shown adenosine to be a key metabolic nucleoside that regulates stromal inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms linking adenosine to the metabolic status of fibroblasts and to the resultant inflammatory response are unclear. This study examined, by seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, the bioenergetics of the stromal fibroblast response to extracellular adenosine and IL-1β, focusing on CXCL8 secretion by primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Methods Markers of the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis were tracked through immunoblot. Further, the influence of adenosine on mitochondrial accumulation was measured by uptake of MitoTracker Red fluorescent probe and assessment of the role of FCCP (a mitochondrial uncoupler) in CXCL8 secretion and mitochondrial accumulation. Results Our results show that the anti-inflammatory response of HGF to extracellular adenosine, typified by reduced CXCL8 secretion, is mediated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reflected in higher oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In the presence of IL-1β, adenosine-treated cells induced higher ATP production, basal respiration and proton leak compared to IL-1β without adenosine. Surprisingly, adenosine had no additional effect on the IL-1β-induced higher glycolysis rate demonstrated by the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). In addition, the higher OCR in adenosine-stimulated cells was not due to the mitochondrial fuel dependency or capacity, but due to an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and accumulation in the cells with concomitant decrease in mitophagy-required p-PINK1 marker. We detected the accumulation of functional mitochondria with increased activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. The adenosine-induced uptake of MitoTracker was abrogated by PGC-1α inhibition with SR-12898. In addition, the adenosine effects on reduced CXCL8 were ablated by treatment with FCCP, a potent uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusion Our findings reveal a key role for mitochondrial bioenergetics in regulation of CXCL8-mediated inflammation by HGF through the adenosine/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. Therapeutically targeting this pathway in gingival fibroblasts might be a promising future strategy to modulate stromal-mediated sustained hyper-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Paladines
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shantiece Dawson
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Weston Ryan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Rogelio Serrano-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Regina Messer
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Erivan S. Ramos-Junior
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ana Carolina Morandini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Xu L, Sun X, Griffiths B, Voloboueva L, Valdes A, Dobrenski M, Min JJ, Stary CM. Sexual Dimorphism in Brain Sirtuin-1 and m6A Methylated Sirtuin-1 mRNA, and in Protection with Post-Injury Anti-miR-200c treatment, after Experimental Stroke in Aged Mice. Aging Dis 2023; 14:892-903. [PMID: 37191419 PMCID: PMC10187686 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that inhibition of miR-200c was protective against stroke in young adult male mice by augmenting sirtuin-1 (Sirt1). In the present study we assessed the role of miR-200c on injury, Sirt1, and bioenergetic and neuroinflammatory markers in aged male and female mice after experimental stroke. Mice were subjected to 1hr of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and assessed for post-injury expression of miR-200c, Sirt1 protein and mRNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylated Sirt1 mRNA, ATP, cytochrome C oxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), infarct volume and motor function. MCAO induced a decrease in Sirt1 expression at 1d post-injury only in males. No differences in SIRT1 mRNA were observed between the sexes. Females had greater baseline miR-200c expression and a greater increase in miR-200c in response to stroke, while pre-MCAO levels of m6A SIRT1 was greater in females. Males had lower post-MCAO ATP levels and cytochrome C oxidase activity, and higher TNFα and IL-6. Post-injury intravenous treatment with anti-miR-200c reduced miR-200c expression in both sexes. In males, anti-miR-200c increased Sirt1 protein expression, reduced infarct volume, and improved neurological score. Conversely in females anti-miR-200c had no effect on Sirt1 levels and provided no protection against injury from MCAO. These results provide the first evidence of sexual dimorphism in the role of a microRNA in aged mice after experimental stroke and suggest sex-differences in epigenetic modulation of the transcriptome and downstream effects on miR biological activity may play a role in sexually dimorphic outcomes after stroke in aged brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Brian Griffiths
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Ludmilla Voloboueva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alex Valdes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Miles Dobrenski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jeong-Jin Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Liu C, Zhou X, Ju H, Zhang Y. Inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase reverses metformin resistance by activating AMPK in pancreatic cancer. Life Sci 2023:121817. [PMID: 37270169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays a key role in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. Whether metabolic reprogramming and PC are related in PDAC is unclear. Here, the effect of PC expression on PDAC tumorigenesis and metabolic reprogramming were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC protein expression in PDAC and precancerous tissues was measured through immunohistochemistry. The maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (18F-FDG) in PDAC patient PET/CT scans before surgical resection was retrospectively determined. Stable PC-knockdown and PC-overexpressing cells were established using lentiviruses, and PDAC progression was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Lactate content, 18F-FDG cell uptake rate, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were measured in cells. RNA sequencing revealed and qPCR verified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after PC knockdown. The signaling pathways involved were determined by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS PC was significantly upregulated in PDAC tissues vs. precancerous tissues. A high SUVmax correlated with PC upregulation. PC knockdown significantly inhibited PDAC progression. Lactate content, SUVmax, and ECAR significantly decreased after PC knockdown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-one alpha (PGC-1α) was upregulated after PC knockdown; and PGC1a expression promoted AMPK phosphorylation to activate mitochondrial metabolism. Metformin significantly inhibited mitochondrial respiration after PC knockdown, further activated AMPK and downstream carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)-regulated fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and inhibited PDAC cells progression. SIGNIFICANCE PDAC cell uptake of FDG was positively correlated with PC expression. PC promotes PDAC glycolysis, and reducing PC expression can increase PGC1a expression, activate AMPK, and restore metformin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Ju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang R, Liang H, Liu G, Jiang W, Tang Z, Fan Q, Nie Z, Hu H, Kang G, Xie S. Nesfatin-1, a novel energy-regulating peptide, alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by blocking TGF-β1/Smad pathway in an AMPKα-dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110369. [PMID: 37224650 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease which steadily causes a critical public health concern. Nesfatin-1, a novel energy-regulating peptide discovered in 2006, could increase the level of AMPK phosphorylation. Previous studies have unveiled that Nesfatin-1 possessed many pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the impact of Nesfatin-1 on pulmonary fibrosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with Nesfatin-1 (10 μg·kg-1·day-1) for 21 days since mice were intratracheally administrated with bleomycin (BLM) (2 U/kg). Primary murine lung fibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) for 48 h. The results showed that Nesfatin-1 treatment significantly improved pulmonary function and decreased the production of collagen in BLM-treated mice. Meantime, Nesfatin-1 treatment also inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissues from BLM-treated mice. Mechanically, Nesfatin-1 blocked the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in lung tissues challenged with BLM. In addition, we found that Nesfatin-1 enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPKα during pulmonary fibrosis. However, pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of AMPKα could both offset the pulmonary protection mediated by Nesfatin-1 during pulmonary fibrosis. Our experimental results firstly show Nesfatin-1 might serve as a novel treatment or adjuvant against pulmonary fibrosis by blocking TGF-β1/Smad pathway in an AMPKα-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoli Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanli Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinglu Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihao Nie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ganjun Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Songping Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Abu Shelbayeh O, Arroum T, Morris S, Busch KB. PGC-1α Is a Master Regulator of Mitochondrial Lifecycle and ROS Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051075. [PMID: 37237941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in ROS production and defense during their life cycle. The transcriptional activator PGC-1α is a key player in the homeostasis of energy metabolism and is therefore closely linked to mitochondrial function. PGC-1α responds to environmental and intracellular conditions and is regulated by SIRT1/3, TFAM, and AMPK, which are also important regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In this review, we highlight the functions and regulatory mechanisms of PGC-1α within this framework, with a focus on its involvement in the mitochondrial lifecycle and ROS metabolism. As an example, we show the role of PGC-1α in ROS scavenging under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, PGC-1α and the stress response factor NF-κB, which regulates the immune response, are reciprocally regulated. During inflammation, NF-κB reduces PGC-1α expression and activity. Low PGC-1α activity leads to the downregulation of antioxidant target genes resulting in oxidative stress. Additionally, low PGC-1α levels and concomitant oxidative stress promote NF-κB activity, which exacerbates the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abu Shelbayeh
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Felipe Souza E Silva L, Siena Dos Santos A, Mayumi Yuzawa J, Luiz de Barros Torresi J, Ziroldo A, Rosado Rosenstock T. SIRTUINS MODULATORS COUNTERACT MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CELLULAR MODELS OF HYPOXIA: RELEVANCE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00200-2. [PMID: 37169164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental-associated disorder strongly related to environmental factors, such as hypoxia. Because there is no cure for SZ or any pharmacological approach that could revert hypoxia-induced cellular damages, we evaluated whether modulators of sirtuins could abrogate hypoxia-induced mitochondrial deregulation as a neuroprotective strategy. Firstly, astrocytes from control (Wistar) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), a model of both SZ and neonatal hypoxia, were submitted to chemical hypoxia. Then, cells were exposed to different concentrations of Nicotinamide (NAM), Resveratrol (Resv), and Sirtinol (Sir) for 48hrs. Our data indicate that sirtuins modulation reduces cell death increasing the acetylation of histone 3. This outcome is related to the rescue of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, changes in mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, decreased O2-• levels and increased expression of metabolic regulators (Nrf-1 and Nfe2l2) and mitochondrial content. Such findings are relevant not only for hypoxia-associated conditions, named pre-eclampsia but also for SZ since prenatal hypoxia is a relevant environmental factor related to this burdensome neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Souza E Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Mayumi Yuzawa
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Ziroldo
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Dept. of Bioscience, In-vitro Neuroscience, Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Chen H, Liu M, Li Q, Zhou P, Huang J, Zhu Q, Li Z, Ge RS. Exposure to dipentyl phthalate in utero disrupts the adrenal cortex function of adult male rats by inhibiting SIRT1/PGC-1α and inducing AMPK phosphorylation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:997-1010. [PMID: 36715143 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPeP) is an endocrine-disrupting phthalate plasticizer. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DPeP on adrenocortical function in adult male rats following in utero exposure. DPeP (0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from gestational day 14 to 21. The morphology and function of the adrenal cortex in 56-day-old male offspring were studied. DPeP at 100 and 500 mg/kg/day significantly reduced serum aldosterone levels and at 500 mg/kg/day markedly reduced corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. DPeP at 10-500 mg/kg markedly reduced the thickness of zona glomerulosa without affecting the thickness of zona fasciculata. DPeP significantly downregulated the expression of Agtr1a, Mc2r, Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp21, Cyp11b1, Cyp11b2, Nr5a1, Nr4a2, and Bcl2 genes as well as their proteins. DPeP at 500 mg/kg/day significantly increased phosphorylated AMPK, while DPeP at 100 mg/kg/day and higher doses reduced phosphorylated AKT1 and total SIRT1 level. DPeP at 100 and 500 μM markedly induced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in H295R cells after 24 h of culture. In conclusion, in utero exposure to DPeP disrupts adrenocortical function of the adult male offspring by (1) increasing AMPK phosphorylation and decreasing AKT1 phosphorylation and SIRT1 levels, (2) reducing adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and (3) possibly inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Traumatology, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pingjiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongrong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chen FX, Wan Q, Fang J, Peng L, Li QL, Hu J. The Src1-PGC1α-AP1 complex-dependent secretion of substance P induces inflammation and apoptosis in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mice. Cytokine 2023; 165:156186. [PMID: 36989655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide consisting of 11 amino acid residues, is involved in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)-induced myocarditis by stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism that regulates SP production is still unknown. In this study, we report the transcriptional regulation of the Tachykinin Precursor 1 (TAC1) gene that encodes SP by a transcriptional complex composed of Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 (Src1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1α), and Activator Protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor. Infection of mice with EMCV induced the accumulation of PGC1α and increased TAC1 expression, thereby promoting the secretion of SP, initiating apoptosis, and elevating proinflammatory cytokine levels. In vitro overexpression of the Src1-PGC1α-AP1 members also induced TAC1 expression, increased the SP concentration, initiated apoptosis, and elevated proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Depletion or inhibition of the Src1-PGC1α-AP1 complex reversed these effects. The administration of gossypol, an Src1 inhibitor, or SR1892, a PGC1α inhibitor, to EMCV-infected mice attenuated myocarditis. Taken together, our results reveal that the upregulation of TAC1 and the secretion of SP in EMCV-induced myocarditis are dependent on the Src1-PGC1α-AP1 complex. Targeting the Src1-PGC1α-AP1 complex may represent a new therapeutic strategy for myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xiu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Le Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8766-8785. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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Malik N, Ferreira BI, Hollstein PE, Curtis SD, Trefts E, Novak SW, Yu J, Gilson R, Hellberg K, Fang L, Sheridan A, Hah N, Shadel GS, Manor U, Shaw RJ. Induction of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1. Science 2023; 380:eabj5559. [PMID: 37079666 PMCID: PMC10794112 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes through phosphorylation and prolonged adaptation of metabolism through transcriptional effects. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a major effector of AMPK that increases expression of lysosome genes in response to energetic stress, but how AMPK activates TFEB remains unresolved. We demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates five conserved serine residues in folliculin-interacting protein 1 (FNIP1), suppressing the function of the folliculin (FLCN)-FNIP1 complex. FNIP1 phosphorylation is required for AMPK to induce nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFEB-dependent increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) messenger RNAs. Thus, mitochondrial damage triggers AMPK-FNIP1-dependent nuclear translocation of TFEB, inducing sequential waves of lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazma Malik
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana I. Ferreira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo E. Hollstein
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Curtis
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Gilson
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingjing Fang
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Biophotonics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Li B, Liang Y, Bao H, Li D, Zhang Y, Dun X, Xu Z, Ji A, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhang R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Cui L. Real-ambient particulate matter exposure-induced FGFR1 methylation contributes to cardiac dysfunction via lipid metabolism disruption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161903. [PMID: 36731555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM)-induced cardiometabolic disorder contributes to the progression of cardiac diseases, but its epigenetic mechanisms are largely unknown. This study used bioinformatic analysis, in vivo and in vitro multiple models to investigate the role of PM-induced cardiac fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) methylation and its impact on cardiomyocyte lipid metabolic disruption. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that FGFR1 was associated with cardiac pathologies, mitochondrial function and metabolism, supporting the possibility that FGFR1 may play regulatory roles in PM-induced cardiac functional impairment and lipid metabolism disorders. Individually ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system mouse models were used to expose C57/BL6 mice for six and fifteen weeks. The results showed that PM induced cardiac lipid metabolism disorder, DNA nucleotide methyltransferases (DNMTs) alterations and FGFR1 expression declines in mouse heart. Lipidomics analysis revealed that carnitines, phosphoglycerides and lysophosphoglycerides were most significantly affected by PM exposure. At the cellular level, AC16 cells treated with FGFR1 inhibitor (PD173074) led to impaired mitochondrial and metabolic functions in cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of DNA methylation in cells by 5-AZA partially restored the FGFR1 expression, ameliorated cardiomyocyte injury and mitochondrial functions. These changes involved alterations in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) pathways. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and DNA methylation specific PCR (MSP) confirmed that PM exposure induced FGFR1 gene promoter region methylation. These results suggested that, by inducing FGFR1 methylation, PM exposure would affect cardiac injury and deranged lipid metabolism. Overexpression of FGFR1 in mouse heart using adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) effectively alleviated PM-induced cardiac impairment and metabolic disorder. Our findings identified that FGFR1 methylation might be one of the potential indicators for PM-induced cardiac mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, providing novel insights into underlying PM-related cardiotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongxu Bao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Dun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andong Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Kaur J, Singh DP, Kumar V, Kaur S, Bhunia RK, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A, Bishnoi M. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) based polypharmacological combination stimulates energy expending phenotype to reverse HFD-induced obesity in mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121704. [PMID: 37075945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic leading to decreased quality of life, higher medical expenses and significant morbidity. Enhancing energy expenditure and substrate utilization in adipose tissues through dietary constituents and polypharmacological approaches is gaining importance for the prevention and therapeutics of obesity. An important factor in this regard is Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel modulation and resultant activation of "brite" phenotype. Various dietary TRP channel agonists like capsaicin (TRPV1), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1), and menthol (TRPM8) have shown anti-obesity effects, individually and in combination. We aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of such combination of sub-effective doses of these agents against diet-induced obesity, and explore the involved cellular processes. KEY FINDINGS The combination of sub-effective doses of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and menthol induced "brite" phenotype in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese mice. The intervention prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and weight gain, enhanced the thermogenic potential, mitochondrial biogenesis and overall activation of brown adipose tissue. These changes observed in vitro as well as in vivo, were linked to increased phosphorylation of kinases, AMPK and ERK. In the liver, the combination treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved gluconeogenic potential and lipolysis, prevented fatty acid accumulation and enhanced glucose utilization. SIGNIFICANCE We report on the discovery of therapeutic potential of TRP-based dietary triagonist combination against HFD-induced abnormalities in metabolic tissues. Our findings indicate that a common central mechanism may affect multiple peripheral tissues. This study opens up avenues of development of therapeutic functional foods for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Neurotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Leng T, Kamboj G, Sun X, Chang H, Davda P, Greer M, Stary CM. MicroRNA-494 augments fibrotic transformation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and targets p27 with cell-type specificity. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1168650. [PMID: 38983004 PMCID: PMC11182081 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1168650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are the result of fibro-cellular proliferation that cause distortion and impairment of central vision. We hypothesized that select microRNAs (miRs) regulate retinal fibro-proliferation and ERM formation. Following IRB approval, a pilot study was performed in patients presenting for retina surgery with and without clinical ERMs. Total RNA was isolated from ERM tissue and controls from non-ERM vitreous and subjected to miR profiling via microarray analysis. MiR-494 was identified as the only miR selectively expressed at significantly greater levels, and in silico analysis identified p27 as a putative fibroproliferative gene target of miR-494. In vitro testing of miR-494 and p27 in fibrotic transformation was assessed in spontaneously immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human Müller cell lines, stimulated to transform into a fibroproliferative state via transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Fibroproliferative transformation was characterized by de novo cellular expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). In both RPE and Müller cells, both TGFβ and miR-494 mimic decreased p27 expression. In parallel experiments, transfection with p27 siRNA augmented TGFβ-induced αSMA expression, while only in RPE cells did co-transfection with miR-494 inhibitor decrease αSMA levels. These results demonstrate that miR-494 augments fibrotic transformation in both Müller cells and RPEs, however only in RPEs does miR-494 mediate fibrotic transformation via p27. As p27 is known to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, future studies should extend clinical testing of miR-494 and/or p27 as a potential novel non-surgical therapy for ERMs, as well as identify relevant miR-494 targets in Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Leng
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Georgia Kamboj
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Heather Chang
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Prisha Davda
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Majesty Greer
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Creed M. Stary
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Song J, He GN, Dai L. A comprehensive review on celastrol, triptolide and triptonide: Insights on their pharmacological activity, toxicity, combination therapy, new dosage form and novel drug delivery routes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114705. [PMID: 37062220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, triptolide and triptonide are the most significant active ingredients of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). In 2007, the 'Cell' journal ranked celastrol, triptolide, artemisinin, capsaicin and curcumin as the five natural drugs that can be developed into modern medicinal compounds. In this review, we collected relevant data from the Web of Science, PubMed and China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases. Some information was also acquired from government reports and conference papers. Celastrol, triptolide and triptonide have potent pharmacological activity and evident anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. Because these compounds have demonstrated unique therapeutic potential for acute and chronic inflammation, brain injury, vascular diseases, immune diseases, renal system diseases, bone diseases and cardiac diseases, they can be used as effective drugs in clinical practice in the future. However, celastrol, triptolide and triptonide have certain toxic effects on the liver, kidney, cholangiocyte heart, ear and reproductive system. These shortcomings limit their clinical application. Suitable combination therapy, new dosage forms and new routes of administration can effectively reduce toxicity and increase the effect. In recent years, the development of different targeted drug delivery formulations and administration routes of celastrol and triptolide to overcome their toxic effects and maximise their efficacy has become a major focus of research. However, in-depth investigation is required to elucidate the mechanisms of action of celastrol, triptolide and triptonide, and more clinical trials are required to assess the safety and clinical value of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; Shandong Yuze Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Dezhou, China
| | - Guan-Nan He
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
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137
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Cho C, Ji M, Cho E, Yi S, Kim JG, Lee S. Chronic voluntary wheel running exercise ameliorates metabolic dysfunction via PGC-1α expression independently of FNDC5/irisin pathway in high fat diet-induced obese mice. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:6. [PMID: 37041517 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is an effective intervention to ameliorate metabolic diseases including obesity and insulin resistance, but the mechanisms involved in the metabolic amelioration have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α-FNDC5/Irisin-UCP1 expression is activated and whether metabolic dysfunction is ameliorated by chronic voluntary wheel running (VWR) in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. C57BL6J mice were randomly assigned into three groups at the age of 7 weeks for 10 weeks: normal chow diet (CON) group, HFD group, and HFD + VWR group. Chronic VWR ameliorates metabolic parameters and leads to increases in the expression of PGC-1α in the gastrocnemius muscle in HFD-induced obese mice. In contrast, the expression of AMPKα, SIRT1, and FNDC5, or circulating irisin levels did not lead to alteration. Improvement of metabolic health was partly mediated via PGC-1α expression by chronic VWR, but not FNDC5/Irisin pathway in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Cho
- Department of Human Movement Science, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minje Ji
- Department of Human Movement Science, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Cho
- Department of Human Movement Science, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yi
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Bldg# 16, Room# 423, (Songdo-Dong) 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, South Korea.
- Sport Science Institute, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Health Promotion Center, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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138
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Wang H, Su J, Yu M, Xia Y, Wei Y. PGC-1α in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: From mechanism to target of action. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1169019. [PMID: 37089944 PMCID: PMC10117990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1169019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, often involving the entire joint. The degeneration of articular cartilage is an important feature of OA, and there is growing evidence that the mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) exert a chondroprotective effect. PGC-1α delays the development and progression of OA by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, mitophagy and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication in chondrocytes. In addition, PGC-1α can regulate the metabolic abnormalities of OA chondrocytes and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. In this paper, we review the regulatory mechanisms of PGC-1α and its effects on OA chondrocytes, and introduce potential drugs and novel nanohybrid for the treatment of OA which act by affecting the activity of PGC-1α. This information will help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of OA and provide new ideas for the development of therapeutic strategies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianbang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Xia, ; Yingliang Wei,
| | - Yingliang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Xia, ; Yingliang Wei,
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139
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Thangwong P, Jearjaroen P, Tocharus C, Govitrapong P, Tocharus J. Melatonin suppresses inflammation and blood‒brain barrier disruption in rats with vascular dementia possibly by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1481-1493. [PMID: 37017851 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoxia (CCH) is caused by a reduction in cerebral blood flow, and cognitive impairment has been the predominant feature that occurs after CCH. Recent reports have revealed that melatonin is proficient in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which melatonin affects CCH remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of melatonin in inflammation and blood‒brain barrier conditions in rats with CCH. Male Wistar rats were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) to establish the VAD model. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, BCCAO, BCCAO treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg), and BCCAO treated with resveratrol (20 mg/kg). All drugs were administered once daily for 4 weeks. Our results showed that melatonin attenuated cognitive impairment, as demonstrated by the Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the activation of inflammation by attenuating the phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha (pIκBα), causing the suppression of proteins related to inflammation and inflammasome formation. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that melatonin reduced glial cell activation and proliferation, which were accompanied by Western blotting results. Additionally, melatonin also promoted the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), causing attenuated blood‒brain barrier (BBB) disruption by increasing tight junction proteins. Taken together, our results prove that melatonin treatment modulated inflammation and BBB disruption and improved cognitive function in VaD rats, partly by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakkawat Thangwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pranglada Jearjaroen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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140
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Tian F, Wang Z, Song H, Chen H, Wu B. Omentin-1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC1α-AMPK pathway in chondrocytes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:291-297. [PMID: 32930026 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1819337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omentin-1 is a newly discovered metabolic regulatory adipokine. Studies have shown that omentin-1 possesses pleiotropic effects in different types of cells. This study aims to investigate the regulation by omentin-1 on mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes. METHODOLOGY C-28/I2 chondrocytes were treated with omentin-1 (150 and 300 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of mitochondrial regulators, markers and the DNA copy was assessed. The mitochondrial morphology was observed by electron microscopy. The mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production in chondrocytes were measured by cell lysates. RESULTS Omentin-1 treatment up-regulated PGC-1α, NRF-1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in cultured chondrocytes, indicating that omentin-1 could be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Omentin-1 promoted mtDNA/nDNA and four mitochondrial genes (Tomm20, Tomm40, Timm9 and Atp5c1), mRNA transcripts as well as two mitochondrial protein expressions (SDHB and MTCO1). At a cellular level, omentin-1 enhanced the mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production. Mechanistically, we proved that omentin-1 increased AMPKα activation, and the blockage of AMPKα by its inhibitor compound C abolished the inductive effect of omentin-1 on PGC1α expression and mtDNA/nDNA ratio, indicating that the effect of omentin-1 is dependent on AMPKα activation. CONCLUSION Omentin-1 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in chondrocytes, and its action is dependent on the AMPK-PGC1α pathway. This study, therefore, implies that omentin-1 has the potential to remedy chondrocyte damage in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengde Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haojie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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141
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Shams S, Amirinejad M, Amani-Shalamzari S, Rajabi H, Suzuki K. Swimming in cold water upregulates genes involved in thermogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 265:110834. [PMID: 36740139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is an interacting effect of six weeks of swimming in cold water on the gene expression of browning markers in adipose tissue in rodents. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C, 25 °C), Cold Exposure (CE, 4 °C), Swimming in tepid Water (STW, 30 °C), and Swimming in Cold Water (SCW, 15 °C). The swimming included 2-3 min intervals, 1 min rest, until exhaustion, three days a week for six weeks, with 3 to 6% of bodyweight overload. Rats from CE were exposed to cold for 2 h per day, five days per week. After the experimental protocol, interscapular brown (BAT) and inguinal subcutaneous white (WAT) fat tissues were excised, weighed, and processed for beiging and mitochondrial biogenesis markers gene expression. The experimental protocols resulted in an apparent increase in the number of brown adipocytes (per mm2) in the adipose deposits compared to the C group; substantial changes were observed in the SCW group. Compared to other groups, cold exposure alone increased significantly serum norepinephrine, and also β2-adrenergic receptor expression was upregulated in the adipocytes compared to the C group. The STW group increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), β2-adrenergic receptor, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins-α(c/EBP-α) in WAT in comparison with the C group(p < 0.05). In both adipocytes, the SCW intervention significantly upregulated the expression of PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and c/EBP-α genes in comparison with the C and CE groups. In addition, the expression of TFAM and UCP1 was upregulated substantially in the SCW group compared to other groups. Our data demonstrate that swim training and cold exposure present additive effects in the expression of genes involved in the beiging process and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in BAT and WAT. In addition, it seems that the upregulation of these genes is related to the activation of β2-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shams
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Amirinejad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
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142
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Guo S, Zhang S, Zhuang Y, Xie F, Wang R, Kong X, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Gao H, Kong X, Liu T. Muscle PARP1 inhibition extends lifespan through AMPKα PARylation and activation in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213857120. [PMID: 36947517 PMCID: PMC10068811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213857120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) has been reported to play an important role in longevity. Here, we showed that the knockdown of the PARP1 extended the lifespan of Drosophila, with particular emphasis on the skeletal muscle. The muscle-specific mutant Drosophila exhibited resistance to starvation and oxidative stress, as well as an increased ability to climb, with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and activity at an older age. Mechanistically, the inhibition of PARP1 increases the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and mitochondrial turnover. PARP1 could interact with AMPKα and then regulate it via poly(ADP ribosyl)ation (PARylation) at residues E155 and E195. Double knockdown of PARP1 and AMPKα, specifically in muscle, could counteract the effects of PARP1 inhibition in Drosophila. Finally, we showed that increasing lifespan via maintaining mitochondrial network homeostasis required intact PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1). Taken together, these data indicate that the interplay between PARP1 and AMPKα can manipulate mitochondrial turnover, and be targeted to promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yixiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Famin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, P.R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010021, China
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143
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Nemeth Z, Patonai A, Simon-Szabó L, Takács I. Interplay of Vitamin D and SIRT1 in Tissue-Specific Metabolism-Potential Roles in Prevention and Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases Including Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076154. [PMID: 37047134 PMCID: PMC10094444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, is increasing as a requirement of the aging population in developed countries and the sustainability of healthcare. Similarly, the 2013-2030 action plan of the WHO for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases seeks these achievements. Adequate lifestyle changes, alone or with the necessary treatments, could reduce the risk of mortality or the deterioration of quality of life. In our recent work, we summarized the role of two central factors, i.e., appropriate levels of vitamin D and SIRT1, which are connected to adequate lifestyles with beneficial effects on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Both of these factors have received increased attention in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic as they both take part in regulation of the main metabolic processes, i.e., lipid/glucose/energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, redox balance, and cell fate, as well as in the healthy regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D and SIRT1 have direct and indirect influence of the regulation of transcription and epigenetic changes and are related to cytoplasmic signaling pathways such as PLC/DAG/IP3/PKC/MAPK, MEK/Erk, insulin/mTOR/cell growth, proliferation; leptin/PI3K-Akt-mTORC1, Akt/NFĸB/COX-2, NFĸB/TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and AMPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4, among others. Through their proper regulation, they maintain normal body weight, lipid profile, insulin secretion and sensitivity, balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory processes under normal conditions and infections, maintain endothelial health; balance cell differentiation, proliferation, and fate; and balance the circadian rhythm of the cellular metabolism. The role of these two molecules is interconnected in the molecular network, and they regulate each other in several layers of the homeostasis of energy and the cellular metabolism. Both have a central role in the maintenance of healthy and balanced immune regulation and redox reactions; therefore, they could constitute promising targets either for prevention or as complementary therapies to achieve a better quality of life, at any age, for healthy people and patients under chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patonai
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi u. 78, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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144
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Liu J, Zhang W, Li X, Xu S. New Insights into Baicalein's Effect on Chlorpyrifos-Induced Liver Injury in Carp: Involving Macrophage Polarization and Pyropto sis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4132-4143. [PMID: 36848483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used in agriculture, plants, and buildings to kill pests and worms. Excessive environmental residues of CPF will result in soil and ecological contamination and toxicity to animals and humans. Baicalein (Bai), derived from the root of natural Scutellaria baicalensis, is a potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor agent. The objective of this paper is to investigate the molecular mechanism by which Bai prevents CPF-induced hepatotoxic injury. Carp were kept in water containing CPF (23.2 μg/L) and/or fed diets containing Bai (0.15 g/kg). We found that Bai attenuated liver tissue damage and vacuolization caused by CPF. We confirmed that CPF causes M1/M2 polarization imbalance in macrophages and hepatocyte pyroptosis, which ultimately leads to liver injury. Further exploration of the internal mechanism shows that CPF participates in liver toxicity damage by destroying the AMPK/SIRT1/pGC-1α pathway and causing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics imbalance. Notably, Bai significantly attenuated CPF-induced inhibition of the AMPK/SIRT1/pGC-1α pathway. In summary, our results suggest that Bai alleviates CPF exposure-induced inhibition of the AMPK/SIRT1/pGC-1α pathway, thereby attenuating macrophage M1 hyperpolarization and pyroptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. These results may provide new insights into the detoxification mechanism of Bai on the same type of organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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145
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Keizer HG, Brands R, Seinen W. An AMP Kinase-pathway dependent integrated stress response regulates ageing and longevity. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3. [PMID: 36877293 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the AMP-kinase pathway (AMPK pathway) in the induction of a concomitant set of health benefits by exercise, numerous drugs, and health ingredients, all of which are adversely affected by ageing. Despite the AMPK pathway being frequently mentioned in relation to both these health effects and ageing, it appears challenging to understand how the activation of a single biochemical pathway by various treatments can produce such a diverse range of concurrent health benefits, involving so many organs. We discovered that the AMPK pathway functions as an integrated stress response system because of the presence of a feedback loop in it. This evolutionary conserved stress response system detects changes in AMP/ATP and NAD/NADH ratios, as well as the presence of potential toxins, and responds by activating a common protective transcriptional response that protects against aging and promotes longevity. The inactivation of the AMPK pathway with age most likely explains why ageing has a negative impact on the above-mentioned set of health benefits. We conclude that the presence of a feedback loop in the AMP-kinase pathway positions this pathway as an AMPK-ISR (AMP Kinase-dependent integrated stress response) system that responds to almost any type of (moderate) environmental stress by inducing various age-related health benefits and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Keizer
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Brands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Seinen
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Agrobusiness Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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146
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Tian H, Chai D, Wang G, Wang Q, Sun N, Jiang G, Li H, Song J, Fang L, Wang M, Guo Z, Zheng J. Mitochondrial C1QBP is essential for T cell antitumor function by maintaining mitochondrial plasticity and metabolic fitness. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03407-5. [PMID: 36828964 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic stress present in the tumor microenvironment of many cancers can attenuate T cell antitumor activity, which is intrinsically controlled by the mitochondrial plasticity, dynamics, metabolism, and biogenesis within these T cells. Previous studies have reported that the complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP), a mitochondrial protein, is responsible for maintenance of mitochondrial fitness in tumor cells; however, its role in T cell mitochondrial function, particularly in the context of an antitumor response, remains unclear. Here, we show that C1QBP is indispensable for T cell antitumor immunity by maintaining mitochondrial integrity and homeostasis. This effect holds even when only one allele of C1qbp is functional. Further analysis of C1QBP in the context of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against the murine B16 melanoma model confirmed the cell-intrinsic role of C1QBP in regulating the antitumor functions of CAR T cells. Mechanistically, we found that C1qbp knocking down impacted mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha signaling pathway, as well as mitochondrial morphology via the phosphorylation of mitochondrial dynamics protein dynamin-related protein 1. In summary, our study provides a novel mitochondrial target to potentiate the plasticity and metabolic fitness of mitochondria within T cells, thus improving the immunotherapeutic potential of these T cells against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiping Wang
- Jiangyin Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu University, Jiangyin City, 214400, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengli Guo
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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147
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Vogt ÉL, Von Dentz MC, Rocha DS, Model JFA, Kowalewski LS, Silveira D, de Amaral M, de Bittencourt Júnior PIH, Kucharski LC, Krause M, Vinagre AS. Acute effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on cell metabolism and signaling: Comparison between lean and obese rats. Life Sci 2023; 315:121357. [PMID: 36634864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although the benefits of exercise can be potentiated by fasting in healthy subjects, few studies evaluated the effects of this intervention on the metabolism of obese subjects. This study investigated the immediate effects of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout performed in fast or fed states on the metabolism of gastrocnemius and soleus of lean and obese rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for twelve weeks to induce obesity or were fed standard diet (SD). After this period, the animals were subdivided in groups: fed and rest (FER), fed and exercise (30 min treadmill, FEE), 8 h fasted and rest (FAR) and fasted and exercise (FAE). Muscle samples were used to investigate the oxidative capacity and gene expression of AMPK, PGC1α, SIRT1, HSF1 and HSP70. KEY FINDINGS In relation to lean animals, obese animals' gastrocnemius glycogen decreased 60 %, triglycerides increased 31 %; glucose and alanine oxidation decreased 26 % and 38 %, respectively; in soleus, triglycerides reduced 46 % and glucose oxidation decreased 37 %. Exercise and fasting induced different effects in glycolytic and oxidative muscles of obese rats. In soleus, fasting exercise spared glycogen and increased palmitate oxidation, while in gastrocnemius, glucose oxidation increased. In obese animals' gastrocnemius, AMPK expression decreased 29 % and SIRT1 increased 28 % in relation to lean. The AMPK response was more sensitive to exercise and fasting in lean than obese rats. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise and fasting induced different effects on the metabolism of glycolytic and oxidative muscles of obese rats that can promote health benefits in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Lopes Vogt
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maiza Cristina Von Dentz
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Santos Rocha
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Felipe Argenta Model
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Silveira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marjoriane de Amaral
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Júnior
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kucharski
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Comparative Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory (LAMEC), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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148
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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149
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Metformin regulates myoblast differentiation through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281718. [PMID: 36763621 PMCID: PMC9916624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate how metformin (Met) affects muscle tissue by evaluating the drug effects on proliferating, differentiating, and differentiated C2C12 cells. Moreover, we also investigated the role of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the mechanism of action of Met. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in growth medium with or without Met (250μM, 1mM and 10mM) for different times. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, while cell toxicity was assessed by Trypan Blue exclusion test and Lactate Dehydrogenase release. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting analysis was performed to study cell cycle. Differentiating myoblasts were incubated in differentiation medium (DM) with or without 10mM Met. For experiments on myotubes, C2C12 were induced to differentiate in DM, and then treated with Met at scalar concentrations and for different times. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of proteins involved in myoblast differentiation, muscle function and metabolism. In differentiating C2C12, Met inhibited cell differentiation, arrested cell cycle progression in G2/M phase and reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1. These effects were accompanied by activation of AMPK and modulation of the myogenic regulatory factors. Comparable results were obtained in myotubes. The use of Compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK, counteracted the above-mentioned Met effects. We reported that Met inhibits C2C12 differentiation probably by blocking cell-cycle progression and preventing cells permanent exit from cell-cycle. Moreover, our study provides solid evidence that most of the effects of Met on myoblasts and myotubes are mediated by AMPK.
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150
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Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2232. [PMID: 36755041 PMCID: PMC9908881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity in a hostile environment ensures cell survival. We investigated whether Hippo pathway inhibition contributed to cell adaptations under challenging conditions. We examined metabolic profiles and fuel substrate choices and preferences in C2C12 myoblasts after Hippo pathway inhibition via Salvador knockdown (SAV1 KD). SAV1 KD induced higher ATP production and a more energetic phenotype. Bioenergetic profiling showed enhanced key mitochondrial parameters including spare respiratory capacity. SAV1 KD cells showed markedly elevated glycolysis and glycolytic reserves; blocking other fuel-oxidation pathways enhanced mitochondrial flexibility of glucose oxidation. Under limited glucose, endogenous fatty acid oxidation increased to cope with bioenergetic stress. Gene expression patterns after SAV1 KD suggested transcriptional upregulation of key metabolic network regulators to promote energy production and free radical scavenging that may prevent impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. In SAV1 KD cells, sirtuin signaling was the top enriched canonical pathway linked with enhanced mitochondrial ATP production. Collectively, we demonstrated that Hippo pathway inhibition in SAV1 KD cells induces multiple metabolic properties, including enhancing mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity or glycolytic reserve to cope with stress and upregulating metabolic pathways supporting elevated ATP demand, bioenergetics, and glycolysis and counteracting oxidative stress. In response to metabolic challenges, SAV1 KD cells can increase fatty acid oxidation or glucose-coupled oxidative phosphorylation capacity to compensate for substrate limitations or alternative fuel oxidation pathway inhibition.
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