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Brancalion Catapani L, da Costa Gonçalves A, Morano Candeloro N, Rossi LA, Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro E. Influence of therapeutic ultrasound on the biomechanical characteristics of the skin. J Ther Ultrasound 2016; 4:21. [PMID: 27536356 PMCID: PMC4988011 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-016-0065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin function is dependent on its biomechanical characteristics, resistance, malleability, and elasticity. Therapeutic ultrasound may increase cutaneous malleability thus and optimize the rehabilitation process on specific diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate possible alterations of biomechanical characteristics of the normal skin after therapeutic ultrasound application. METHODS Thirty-one volunteers took part of the study, and the average age was 31.61 ± 8.37 years old. Biomechanical characteristics evaluation of the skin was performed with the Cutometer MPA 580 (Courage + Khazaka Electronic-Köln, Germany) of 2-mm probe hole and 500-mbar vacuum. Skin characteristics were analyzed before and after therapeutic ultrasound application, and the variables R0 (distensibility), R2 (gross elasticity), and R6 (viscoelasticity) were used for the study. Areas of therapeutic ultrasound application (continuous, 3 MHz, 1 W/cm(2) SATA) were defined at the upper limbs and standardized using a neoprene template. Sociodemographic data of volunteers were analyzed using SPSS 15.0. To analyze the distribution of the data, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, which showed the normal distribution for R0 values, R2 and R6. For this procedure, the PROC TTEST from SAS® 9.0 software and Minitab 16 software, with significance, was set at the 0.05 level. RESULTS In relation to R0, a significant increase (p = 0.001) was observed for the distensibility, when compared to values of pre- (0.3273 mm) and immediately post- (0.3795 mm) resource application which feature a greater distensibility. Related to R2 values, a significant increase (p = .001) of the gross elasticity at pre- (0.8419) and post- (0.8884) therapeutic ultrasound application was found. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic ultrasound promotes significant alterations of the biomechanical characteristics of the skin. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, 1111-1146-7342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Brancalion Catapani
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana da Costa Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nathalia Morano Candeloro
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil ; Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
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102
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Firooz A, Rajabi-Estarabadi A, Zartab H, Pazhohi N, Fanian F, Janani L. The influence of gender and age on the thickness and echo-density of skin. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:13-20. [PMID: 27273751 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The more recent use of ultrasound scanning allows a direct measurement on unmodified skin, and is considered to be a reliable method for in vivo measurement of epidermal and dermal thickness. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of gender and age on the thickness and echo-density of skin measured by high frequency ultrasonography (HFUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 30 healthy volunteers (17 female, 13 male) with age range of 24-61 years old. The thickness and echo-density of dermis as well as epidermal entrance echo thickness in five anatomic sites (cheek, neck, palm, dorsal foot, and sole) were measured using two different types of B mode HFUS, 22 and 50 MHz frequencies. RESULTS The epidermal entrance echo thickness and thickness of dermis in males were higher than females, which was statistically significant on neck and dorsum of foot. The echo-density of dermis was higher in females on all sites, but was only statistically significant on neck. The epidermal entrance echo thickness and thickness of dermis in young age group was statistically higher than old group on sole and dorsal of the foot respectively. Overall, the skin thickness decreased with age. CONCLUSION High frequency ultrasonography method provides a simple non-invasive method for evaluating the skin thickness and echo-density. Gender and age have significant effect on these parameters. Differences in study method, population, and body site likely account for different results previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Firooz
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Trial Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Rajabi-Estarabadi
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Zartab
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Pazhohi
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Fanian
- Center for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Janani
- Clinical Trial Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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103
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Rayner R, Carville K, Leslie G, Dhaliwal SS. Measurement of morphological and physiological skin properties in aged care residents: a test-retest reliability pilot study. Int Wound J 2016; 14:420-429. [PMID: 27218422 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This test-retest pilot study investigated the intra-rater reliability and reproducibility of non-invasive technologies to objectively quantify morphological (colour, thickness and elasticity) and physiological (transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, sebum and pH) skin properties in an aged care population. Three consecutive measurements were taken from five anatomical skin sites, with the mean of each measurement calculated. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to examine the intra-rater reliability and reproducibility of measurements. Non-invasive technologies in this study showed almost perfect reliability for ultrasound measurements of the subepidermal low echogenicity band (SLEB) (ρ = 0·95-0·99) and skin thickness (ρ = 0·95-0·99) across all sites. The ICC was substantial to almost perfect for pH (ρ = 0·76-0·88) and viscoelasticity (ρ = 0·67-0·91) across all sites. Hydration (ρ = 0·53-0·85) and skin retraction (ρ = 0·57-0·99) measurements ranged from moderate to almost perfect across all sites. TEWL and elasticity were substantial to almost perfect across four sites. Casual sebum levels and most colour parameters showed poor ICC. The use of non-invasive technologies in this study provided an objective and reliable means for quantifying ageing skin and may offer future studies a valuable option for assessing skin tear risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Rayner
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Silver Chain Group, Perth, WA, Australia.,Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, West End, QLD
| | - Keryln Carville
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Silver Chain Group, Perth, WA, Australia.,Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, West End, QLD
| | - Gavin Leslie
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, West End, QLD
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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104
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de Farias Pires T, Azambuja AP, Horimoto ARVR, Nakamura MS, de Oliveira Alvim R, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. A population-based study of the stratum corneum moisture. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:79-87. [PMID: 27143945 PMCID: PMC4845893 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s88485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stratum corneum (SC) has important functions as a bound-water modulator and a primary barrier of the human skin from the external environment. However, no large epidemiological study has quantified the relative importance of different exposures with regard to these functional properties. In this study, we have studied a large sample of individuals from the Brazilian population in order to understand the different relationships between the properties of SC and a number of demographic and self-perceived variables. METHODS One thousand three hundred and thirty-nine individuals from a rural Brazilian population, who were participants of a family-based study, were submitted to a cross-sectional examination of the SC moisture by capacitance using the Corneometer® CM820 and investigated regarding environmental exposures, cosmetic use, and other physiological and epidemiological measurements. Self-perception-scaled questions about skin conditions were also applied. RESULTS We found significant associations between SC moisture and sex, age, high sun exposure, and sunscreen use frequency (P<0.025). In specific studied sites, self-reported race and obesity were also found to show significant effects. Dry skin self-perception was also found to be highly correlated with the objective measurement of the skin. Other environmental effects on SC moisture are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago de Farias Pires
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Cajamar, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rafael de Oliveira Alvim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Cajamar, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Cajamar, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Cajamar, SP, Brazil
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105
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Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:1-5. [PMID: 26985171 PMCID: PMC4793052 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2015.48037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical properties turn it into an efficient outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier with its major part – stratum corneum. The condition of the epidermal barrier depends on individual and environmental factors. The most important biophysical parameters characterizing the status of this barrier are the skin pH, epidermal hydration, transepidermal water loss and sebum excretion. The knowledge of biophysical skin processes may be useful for the implementation of prophylactic actions whose aim is to restore the barrier function.
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106
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ÇÖLGEÇEN E, ÖZYURT K, FERAHBAŞ KESİKOĞLU A. The effect of systemic isotretinoin treatment on skin biophysicalparameters among patients with acne vulgaris*. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:1641-1644. [DOI: 10.3906/sag-1507-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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107
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Quantin P, Thélu A, Catoire S, Ficheux H. Perspectives and strategies of alternative methods used in the risk assessment of personal care products. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2015; 73:422-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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108
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Sun R, Celli A, Crumrine D, Hupe M, Adame LC, Pennypacker SD, Park K, Uchida Y, Feingold KR, Elias PM, Ilic D, Mauro TM. Lowered humidity produces human epidermal equivalents with enhanced barrier properties. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:15-22. [PMID: 24803151 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilayered human keratinocyte cultures increasingly are used to model human epidermis. Until now, studies utilizing human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) have been limited because previous preparations do not establish a normal epidermal permeability barrier. In this report, we show that reducing environmental humidity to 50% relative humidity yields HEEs that closely match human postnatal epidermis and have enhanced repair of the permeability barrier. These cultures display low transepidermal water loss and possess a calcium and pH gradient that resembles those seen in human epidermis. These cultures upregulate glucosylceramide synthase and make normal-appearing lipid lamellar bilayers. The epidermal permeability barrier of these cultures can be perturbed, using the identical tools previously described for human skin, and recover in the same time course seen during in vivo barrier recovery. These cultures will be useful for basic and applied studies on epidermal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sun
- 1 Department of Dermatology, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center , San Francisco, California
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109
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Hadi H, Awadh AI, Hanif NM, Md Sidik NFA, Mohd Rani MRN, Suhaimi MSM. The investigation of the skin biophysical measurements focusing on daily activities, skin care habits, and gender differences. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:247-54. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - A. I. Awadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - N. M. Hanif
- Faculty of Pharmacy; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - N. F. A. Md Sidik
- Faculty of Pharmacy; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - M. R. N. Mohd Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - M. S. M. Suhaimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
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110
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Haralur SB. Effect of Age on Tooth Shade, Skin Color and Skin-Tooth Color Interrelationship in Saudi Arabian Subpopulation. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7:33-6. [PMID: 26464536 PMCID: PMC4588786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental restoration or prosthesis in harmony with adjacent natural teeth color is indispensable part for the successful esthetic outcome. The studies indicate is existence of correlation between teeth and skin color. Teeth and skin color are changed over the aging process. The aim of the study was to explore the role of age on the tooth and skin color parameters, and to investigate the effect of ageing on teeth-skin color correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total of 225 Saudi Arabian ethnic subjects was divided into three groups of 75 each. The groups were divided according to participant's age. The participant's age for Group I, Group II, and Group III was 18-29 years, 30-50 years, and above 50 years, respectively. The tooth color was identified by spectrophotometer in CIE Lab parameters. The skin color was registered with skin surface photography. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and correlation tests with SPSS 18 software. RESULTS The Group I had the highest 'L' value of 80.26, Group III recorded the least value of 76.66. The Group III had highest yellow value 'b' at 22.72, while Group I had 19.19. The skin 'L' value was highest in the young population; the elder population had the increased red value 'a' in comparison to younger subjects. The 'L' tooth color parameter had a strong positive linear correlation with skin color in young and adult subjects. While Group III teeth showed the strong positive correlation with 'b' parameter at malar region. CONCLUSION The elder subjects had darker and yellow teeth in comparison with younger subjects. The reddening of the skin was observed as age-related skin color change. The age had a strong influence on the teeth-skin color correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh B Haralur
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Haralur SB. Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Phone: 00966555835386. /
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111
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Scheel-Sailer A, Frotzler A, Mueller G, Annaheim S, Rossi RM, Derler S. Challenges to measure hydration, redness, elasticity and perfusion in the unloaded sacral region of healthy persons after supine position. J Tissue Viability 2015; 24:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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112
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Silva H, Ferreira H, Bujan MJ, Rodrigues LM. Regarding the quantification of peripheral microcirculation--Comparing responses evoked in the in vivo human lower limb by postural changes, suprasystolic occlusion and oxygen breathing. Microvasc Res 2015; 99:110-7. [PMID: 25872021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human skin is an interesting model to explore microcirculation, particularly if using noninvasive technologies such as LDF (Laser Doppler Flowmetry) and tc (transcutaneous) gasimetry and methods as near as possible from the normal physiological state. In this study, we combined those technologies with three classical approaches--leg raising from supine, suprasystolic occlusion (in the ankle), and normobaric oxygen breathing to explore distal peripheral circulation in the foot. These methods are often cited, but a comparative assessment has not been done. The goal of this study was to identify relevant flow related descriptors, method-related advantages and pitfalls, and eventually, to find the best experimental approach. Volunteers (both genders, 22.1 ± 3.7 years old) were subjected to these methods and variables registered during basal, challenge and stabilization phases. Descriptive and comparative statistics were obtained, adopting a 95% confidence level. All flow-related quantitative descriptors potentially useful for the analysis were identified and compared. As expected, male patients consistently showed higher LDF levels and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and lower tcpO2 values. However, lower results were recorded in the supine position, suggesting a postural dependence. Both leg raising and suprasystolic occlusion produced a hyperemic response after provocation, although different in magnitude, significantly reducing LDF and tcpO2 during provocation. The oxygen breathing method provided the most patient-friendly protocol, consistently reducing LDF (potentially by the inhibition of production of local vasodilators). TEWL increased during the provocation phase in all protocols, although not significantly. Baseline tcpO2 was found to correlate positively with the peak tcpO2 during oxygen breathing and basal LDF with peak flow during leg raising and suprasystolic occlusion. No statistical correlation between TEWL and LDF could be demonstrated under the current experimental conditions. We conclude that although equally useful considering the purpose, these methods involve very different practicalities and do not provide the same information. Also noteworthy, LDF is a highly sensitive indicator that could be further explored to look deeper into blood flow regulating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal; Pharmacol. Sc Depart - Universidade de Lisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Ferreira
- IBEB - Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade de Lisboa Faculty of Sciences, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ma Julia Bujan
- Dept Medicine and Medical Specialities, CIBER-BBN Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal; Pharmacol. Sc Depart - Universidade de Lisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lisboa, Portugal.
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113
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Sacco G, Turpin JM, Marteu A, Sakarovitch C, Teboul B, Boscher L, Brocker P, Robert P, Guerin O. Inertial sensors as measurement tools of elbow range of motion in gerontology. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:491-7. [PMID: 25759568 PMCID: PMC4345924 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s70452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Musculoskeletal system deterioration among the aging is a major reason for loss of autonomy and directly affects the quality of life of the elderly. Articular evaluation is part of physiotherapeutic assessment and helps in establishing a precise diagnosis and deciding appropriate therapy. Reference instruments are valid but not easy to use for some joints. The main goal of our study was to determine reliability and intertester reproducibility of the MP-BV, an inertial sensor (the MotionPod(®) [MP]) combined with specific software (BioVal [BV]), for elbow passive range-of-motion measurements in geriatrics. METHODS This open, monocentric, randomized study compared inertial sensor to inclinometer in patients hospitalized in an acute, post-acute, and long-term-care gerontology unit. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients (mean age 83.5±6.4 years, sex ratio 1.08 [male/female]) were analyzed. The MP-BV was reliable for each of the three measurements (flexion, pronation, and supination) for 24.3% (CI 95% 13.9-32.8) of the patients. Separately, the percentages of reliable measures were 59.7% (49.2-70.5) for flexion, 68.8% (58.4-79.5) for pronation, and 62.3% (51.2-73.1) for supination. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.15 (0.07-0.73), 0.46 (0.27-0.98), and 0.50 (0.31-40 0.98) for flexion, pronation, and supination, respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows the convenience of the MP-BV in terms of ease of use and of export of measured data. However, this instrument seems less reliable and valuable compared to the reference instruments used to measure elbow range of motion in gerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sacco
- Memory Center, Claude Pompidou Institut, Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France ; Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France ; CoBTeK Cognition Behaviour Technology EA 7276, Research Center Edmond and Lily Safra, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Nice, France
| | - J M Turpin
- CoBTeK Cognition Behaviour Technology EA 7276, Research Center Edmond and Lily Safra, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Nice, France ; Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
| | - A Marteu
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Nice, L'Archet Hospital, Nice, France
| | - C Sakarovitch
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
| | - B Teboul
- Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
| | - L Boscher
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France ; Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Nice, L'Archet Hospital, Nice, France
| | - P Brocker
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
| | - P Robert
- Memory Center, Claude Pompidou Institut, Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France ; Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France ; CoBTeK Cognition Behaviour Technology EA 7276, Research Center Edmond and Lily Safra, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Nice, France
| | - O Guerin
- Centre d'Innovation et d'Usages en Santé (CIU-S), University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France ; CoBTeK Cognition Behaviour Technology EA 7276, Research Center Edmond and Lily Safra, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Nice, France ; Acute Geriatrics Unit, Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, Nice, France
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114
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Evaluation of Elastin/Collagen Content in Human Dermis in-Vivo by Multiphoton Tomography—Variation with Depth and Correlation with Aging. COSMETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics1030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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115
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Simić-Krstić JB, Kalauzi AJ, Ribar SN, Matija LR, Misevic GN. Electrical properties of human skin as aging biomarkers. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:163-7. [PMID: 24905143 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A non-invasive bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and Cole-Cole impedance model parameters (R0, R∞, τ and α) were used to analyze electrical properties of intact and stripped human skin for both gender subjects divided into younger and older age groups. R0, R∞ and τ significantly increased while α significantly decreased with age in stripped skin for both genders (p<0.031). Using pooled data with respect to age, gender and skin stripping, R0, R∞ and τ values were shown to increase with age (p<0.0034), R0, τ and α were different between genders (p<0.024) and R0, R∞ and τ decreased with skin stripping (p<0.000008). All of four Cole-Cole parameters were age dependent with specific differences observed for genders and intact and stripped skin layers. Therefore, Cole-Cole parameters, obtained by non-invasive BIS measurements, are a new type of age dependent biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana B Simić-Krstić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, KraljiceMarije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J Kalauzi
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department for Life Sciences, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan N Ribar
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automatic Control, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija R Matija
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automatic Control, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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116
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Piérard GE, Hermanns-Lê T, Gaspard U, Piérard-Franchimont C. Asymmetric facial skin viscoelasticity during climacteric aging. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2014; 7:111-8. [PMID: 24748810 PMCID: PMC3990288 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s60313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Climacteric skin aging affects certain biophysical characteristics of facial skin. The purpose of the present study was to assess the symmetric involvement of the cheeks in this stage of the aging process. Methods Skin viscoelasticity was compared on both cheeks in premenopausal and post-menopausal women with indoor occupational activities somewhat limiting the influence of chronic sun exposure. Eighty-four healthy women comprising 36 premenopausal women and 48 early post-menopausal women off hormone replacement therapy were enrolled in two groups. The tensile characteristics of both cheeks were tested and compared in each group. A computerized suction device equipped with a 2 mm diameter hollow probe was used to derive viscoelasticity parameters during a five-cycle procedure of 2 seconds each. Skin unfolding, intrinsic distensibility, biological elasticity, and creep extension were measured. Results Both biological elasticity and creep extension were asymmetric on the cheeks of the post-menopausal women. In contrast, these differences were more discrete in the premenopausal women. Conclusion Facial skin viscoelasticity appeared to be asymmetric following menopause. The possibility of asymmetry should be taken into account in future studies of the effects of hormone replacement therapy and any antiaging procedure on the face in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald E Piérard
- Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Trinh Hermanns-Lê
- Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Ulysse Gaspard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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117
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Sato N, Kitahara T, Fujimura T. Age-Related Changes of Stratum Corneum Functions of Skin on the Trunk and the Limbs. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:181. [DOI: 10.1159/000353912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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118
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Matsunaga N, Itcho K, Hamamura K, Ikeda E, Ikeyama H, Furuichi Y, Watanabe M, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. 24-hour rhythm of aquaporin-3 function in the epidermis is regulated by molecular clocks. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1636-1644. [PMID: 24418925 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is located in the basal layer of the epidermis and regulates biological functions of skin such as water content and trans-epidermal water loss. A recent study showed that the biological function of skin exhibits a 24-hour rhythm, but the molecular mechanism of the variation remains poorly understood. Here we show that mice mutated in the core clock component CLOCK (Clk/Clk) show decreased stratum corneum hydration. An extensive search for the underlying cause led us to identify AQP3 as a new regulator to control the 24-hour variation in biological functions of skin. In mouse epidermis of wild-type mice, mAqp3 exhibits circadian rhythms; however, these are significantly decreased in Clk/Clk. Luciferase reporter gene analysis revealed that transcription of mAqp3 is activated by D-site-binding protein, a clock gene. A human homolog, hAQP3, also exhibited significant oscillation in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells synchronized with medium containing 50% serum, and this rhythm was regulated by the endogenous CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. These data indicate that although the molecular mechanisms underlying the rhythmic expression of mAqp3 and hAQP3 are different, clock genes are involved in time-dependent skin hydration. Our current findings provide a molecular link between the circadian clock and AQP3 function in mouse dorsal skin and HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Itcho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Hamamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisako Ikeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Furuichi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyako Watanabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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119
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Kottner J, Ludriksone L, Garcia Bartels N, Blume-Peytavi U. Do Repeated Skin Barrier Measurements Influence Each Other's Results? An Explorative Study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:90-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000351882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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120
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Piérard GE, Hermanns-Lê T, Paquet P, Piérard-Franchimont C. Skin viscoelasticity during hormone replacement therapy for climacteric ageing. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 36:88-92. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. E. Piérard
- Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging (LABIC); Department of Clinical Sciences, B23; University of Liège; B-4000 Liège Belgium
| | - T. Hermanns-Lê
- Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging (LABIC); Department of Clinical Sciences, B23; University of Liège; B-4000 Liège Belgium
| | - P. Paquet
- Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging (LABIC); Department of Clinical Sciences, B23; University of Liège; B-4000 Liège Belgium
| | - C. Piérard-Franchimont
- Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging (LABIC); Department of Clinical Sciences, B23; University of Liège; B-4000 Liège Belgium
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121
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King A, Balaji S, Keswani SG. Biology and function of fetal and pediatric skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2013; 21:1-6. [PMID: 23369584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of the integumentary system is a series of events that starts in utero and continues throughout life. Although at birth, skin in full-term infants is anatomically mature, functional maturity develops during the first year of life. Pediatric skin transitions again with the onset of puberty. At each stage, there are changes in transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, and skin acidity that define the specific period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice King
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, The Center for Molecular Fetal Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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122
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In vivo evaluation of the skin tensile strength by the suction method: pilot study coping with hysteresis and creep extension. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:841217. [PMID: 23986871 PMCID: PMC3748421 DOI: 10.1155/2013/841217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From an engineering standpoint, both the skin and subcutaneous tissue act as interconnected load-transmitting structures. They are subject to a variety of intrinsic and environmental influences. Changes in the cutaneous viscoelasticity represent an important aspect in a series of skin conditions. The aim of this work was to explore the methodology of biomechanical measurements in order to better appreciate the evolution and severity of some connective tissue diseases. The Cutometer MPA 580 (C+K electronic) was used in the steep and progressive suction procedures. Adapting measurement modalities was explored in order to mitigate any variability in data collection. The repeat steep suction procedure conveniently reveals the creep phenomenon. By contrast, the progressive suction procedure highlights the hysteresis phenomenon. These viscoelastic characteristics are presently described using the 2 and 4 mm probes on normal skin and in scleroderma, acromegaly, corticosteroid-induced dermatoporosis, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The apposition of an additional outer contention on the skin altered differently the manifestations of the creep extension and hysteresis among the tested skin conditions. Any change in the mechanical test procedure affects the data. In clinical and experimental settings, it is mandatory to adhere to a strict and controlled protocol.
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123
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Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M. Mechanical properties of human skin in vivo: a comparative evaluation in 300 men and women. Skin Res Technol 2013; 20:127-35. [PMID: 23889488 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the clinical genesis and onset of facial wrinkles as well as the morphology of the extracellular matrix differ between the sexes. The aim of this present clinical study was to do the first systematic assessment of gender-related differences in skin elasticity, with special focus on age-related changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS 300 healthy male and female subjects (20-74 years) were selected following strict criteria including age, sun behavior or smoking habits. Skin mechanical properties were assessed at the cheek, neck, volar forearm and dorsum of the hand using a non-invasive suction device. RESULTS Data analysis shows a significant negative correlation for all parameters and subject's age. At young age results of the relative parameters are higher for women, whereas absolute parameters are higher for men. Parameters referring to the recovery phase change stronger with aging. DISCUSSION The present study verifies the progressive decline of the skin mechanical properties with aging. However, the elastic ability of the skin to recover after stretching is more strongly affected by the aging process than the firmness of the skin. Further, the mechanical properties change differently in men and woman over lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luebberding
- Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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124
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Sprenger A, Weber S, Zarai M, Engelke R, Nascimento JM, Gretzmeier C, Hilpert M, Boerries M, Has C, Busch H, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Dengjel J. Consistency of the proteome in primary human keratinocytes with respect to gender, age, and skin localization. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2509-21. [PMID: 23722187 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.025478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes account for 95% of all cells of the epidermis, the stratified squamous epithelium forming the outer layer of the skin, in which a significant number of skin diseases takes root. Immortalized keratinocyte cell lines are often used as research model systems providing standardized, reproducible, and homogenous biological material. Apart from that, primary human keratinocytes are frequently used for medical studies because the skin provides an important route for drug administration and is readily accessible for biopsies. However, comparability of these cell systems is not known. Cell lines may undergo phenotypic shifts and may differ from the in vivo situation in important aspects. Primary cells, on the other hand, may vary in biological functions depending on gender and age of the donor and localization of the biopsy specimen. Here we employed metabolic labeling in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to assess A431 and HaCaT cell lines for their suitability as model systems. Compared with cell lines, comprehensive profiling of the primary human keratinocyte proteome with respect to gender, age, and skin localization identified an unexpected high proteomic consistency. The data were analyzed by an improved ontology enrichment analysis workflow designed for the study of global proteomics experiments. It enables a quick, comprehensive and unbiased overview of altered biological phenomena and links experimental data to literature. We guide through our workflow, point out its advantages compared with other methods and apply it to visualize differences of cell lines compared with primary human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sprenger
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Science-LifeNet, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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125
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Transepidermal water loss in young and aged healthy humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:315-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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