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Shah MA, Callaway RM, Shah T, Houseman GR, Pal RW, Xiao S, Luo W, Rosche C, Reshi ZA, Khasa DP, Chen S. Conyza canadensis suppresses plant diversity in its nonnative ranges but not at home: a transcontinental comparison. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1286-1296. [PMID: 24548283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The impact of invasive species across their native and nonnative ranges is poorly quantified and this impedes a complete understanding of biological invasions. We compared the impact of the native North American plant, Conyza canadensis, which is invasive to Eurasia, on species richness at home and in a number of introduced regions through well replicated transcontinental field studies, glasshouse experiments and individual-based models. Our results demonstrated mostly negative relationships between C. canadensis abundance and native species richness in nonnative ranges, but either positive or no relationships in its native North American range. In glasshouse experiments, the total biomass of Conyza was suppressed more by species from its native range than by species from regions where it is nonnative, but the effects of Conyza on other species did not show a consistent biogeographical pattern. Finally, individual-based models led to the exclusion of Conyza from North American scenarios but to high abundances in scenarios with species from the nonnative ranges of Conyza. We illustrate biogeographical differences in the impact of an invader across regional scales and suggest that inherent differences in one specific aspect of competitive ability, tolerance to the effects of other species, may play some role in these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Tabasum Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Gregory R Houseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Robert W Pal
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, Ifjusagu, 6, H-7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Sa Xiao
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Christoph Rosche
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, D-06108, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190 006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Damase P Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, GIV0A6, Canada
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People's Republic of China
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102
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Bell CW, Tissue DT, Loik ME, Wallenstein MD, Acosta-Martinez V, Erickson RA, Zak JC. Soil microbial and nutrient responses to 7 years of seasonally altered precipitation in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:1657-73. [PMID: 24115607 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands generally experience highly variable spatiotemporal rainfall patterns. Changes in precipitation regimes can affect belowground ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling by altering soil microbial community structure and function. The objective of this study was to determine if increased seasonal precipitation frequency and magnitude over a 7-year period would generate a persistent shift in microbial community characteristics and soil nutrient availability. We supplemented natural rainfall with large events (one/winter and three/summer) to simulate increased precipitation based on climate model predictions for this region. We observed a 2-year delay in microbial responses to supplemental precipitation treatments. In years 3-5, higher microbial biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizae abundance, and soil enzyme C and P acquisition activities were observed in the supplemental water plots even during extended drought periods. In years 5-7, available soil P was consistently lower in the watered plots compared to control plots. Shifts in soil P corresponded to higher fungal abundances, microbial C utilization activity, and soil pH. This study demonstrated that 25% shifts in seasonal rainfall can significantly influence soil microbial and nutrient properties, which in turn may have long-term effects on nutrient cycling and plant P uptake in this desert grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Bell
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524 - 1499, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409 - 3131, USA
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103
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104
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Loeuille N, Leibold MA. Effects of local negative feedbacks on the evolution of species within metacommunities. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:563-73. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Loeuille
- IEES Paris; UMR7618; UPMC-CNRS; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 7 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Mathew A. Leibold
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX 78705 USA
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105
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Quist CW, Vervoort MTW, Van Megen H, Gort G, Bakker J, Van der Putten WH, Helder J. Selective alteration of soil food web components by invasive giant goldenrodSolidago giganteain two distinct habitat types. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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106
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Bell C, Carrillo Y, Boot CM, Rocca JD, Pendall E, Wallenstein MD. Rhizosphere stoichiometry: are C : N : P ratios of plants, soils, and enzymes conserved at the plant species-level? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:505-517. [PMID: 24117992 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the tight linkages among soils, plants and microbes inhabiting the rhizosphere, we hypothesized that soil nutrient and microbial stoichiometry would differ among plant species and be correlated within plant rhizospheres. We assessed plant tissue carbon (C) : nitrogen (N) : phosphorus (P) ratios for eight species representing four different plant functional groups in a semiarid grassland during near-peak biomass. Using intact plant species-specific rhizospheres, we examined soil C : N : P, microbial biomass C : N, and soil enzyme C : N : P nutrient acquisition activities. We found that few of the plant species' rhizospheres demonstrated distinct stoichiometric properties from other plant species and unvegetated soil. Plant tissue nutrient ratios and components of below-ground rhizosphere stoichiometry predominantly differed between the C4 plant species Buchloe dactyloides and the legume Astragalus laxmannii. The rhizospheres under the C4 grass B. dactyloides exhibited relatively higher microbial C and lower soil N, indicative of distinct soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and nutrient mineralization activities. Assessing the ecological stoichiometry among plant species' rhizospheres is a high-resolution tool useful for linking plant community composition to below-ground soil microbial and nutrient characteristics. By identifying how rhizospheres differ among plant species, we can better assess how plant-microbial interactions associated with ecosystem-level processes may be influenced by plant community shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bell
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524-1499, USA
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-3165, USA
| | - Claudia M Boot
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524-1499, USA
| | - Jennifer D Rocca
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524-1499, USA
| | - Elise Pendall
- Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-3165, USA
| | - Matthew D Wallenstein
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524-1499, USA
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107
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108
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109
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Nelson EB, Karp MA. Soil pathogen communities associated with native and non-native Phragmites australis populations in freshwater wetlands. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5254-67. [PMID: 24455153 PMCID: PMC3892333 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil pathogens are believed to be major contributors to negative plant-soil feedbacks that regulate plant community dynamics and plant invasions. While the theoretical basis for pathogen regulation of plant communities is well established within the plant-soil feedback framework, direct experimental evidence for pathogen community responses to plants has been limited, often relying largely on indirect evidence based on above-ground plant responses. As a result, specific soil pathogen responses accompanying above-ground plant community dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we examine the oomycete pathogens in soils conditioned by established populations of native noninvasive and non-native invasive haplotypes of Phragmites australis (European common reed). Our aim was to assess whether populations of invasive plants harbor unique communities of pathogens that differ from those associated with noninvasive populations and whether the distribution of taxa within these communities may help to explain invasive success. We compared the composition and abundance of pathogenic and saprobic oomycete species over a 2-year period. Despite a diversity of oomycete taxa detected in soils from both native and non-native populations, pathogen communities from both invaded and noninvaded soils were dominated by species of Pythium. Pathogen species that contributed the most to the differences observed between invaded and noninvaded soils were distributed between invaded and noninvaded soils. However, the specific taxa in invaded soils responsible for community differences were distinct from those in noninvaded soils that contributed to community differences. Our results indicate that, despite the phylogenetic relatedness of native and non-native P. australis haplotypes, pathogen communities associated with the dominant non-native haplotype are distinct from those of the rare native haplotype. Pathogen taxa that dominate either noninvaded or invaded soils suggest different potential mechanisms of invasion facilitation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that non-native plant species that dominate landscapes may "cultivate" a different soil pathogen community to their rhizosphere than those of rarer native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Nelson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, New York, 14853-4203
| | - Mary Ann Karp
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, New York, 14853-4203
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110
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Changes in the abundance of grassland species in monocultures versus mixtures and their relation to biodiversity effects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75599. [PMID: 24098704 PMCID: PMC3787038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported positive effects of species richness on plant community productivity. Such biodiversity effects are usually quantified by comparing the performance of plant mixtures with reference monocultures. However, several mechanisms, such as the lack of resource complementarity and facilitation or the accumulation of detrimental agents, suggest that monocultures are more likely than mixtures to deteriorate over time. Increasing biodiversity effects over time could therefore result from declining monocultures instead of reflecting increases in the functioning of mixtures. Commonly, the latter is assumed when positive trends in biodiversity effects occur. Here, we analysed the performance of 60 grassland species growing in monocultures and mixtures over 9 years in a biodiversity experiment to clarify whether their temporal biomass dynamics differed and whether a potential decline of monocultures contributed significantly to the positive net biodiversity effect observed. Surprisingly, individual species' populations produced, on average, significantly more biomass per unit area when growing in monoculture than when growing in mixture. Over time, productivity of species decreased at a rate that was, on average, slightly more negative in monocultures than in mixtures. The mean net biodiversity effect across all mixtures was continuously positive and ranged between 64-217 g per m(2). Short-term increases in the mean net biodiversity effect were only partly due to deteriorating monocultures and were strongly affected by particular species gaining dominance in mixtures in the respective years. We conclude that our species performed, on average, comparably in monocultures and mixtures; monoculture populations being slightly more productive than mixture populations but this trend decreased over time. This suggested that negative feedbacks had not yet affected monocultures strongly but could potentially become more evident in the future. Positive biodiversity effects on aboveground productivity were heavily driven by a small, but changing, set of species that behaved differently from the average species.
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111
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Sullivan JJ. Inadvertent biological control: an Australian thrips killing an invasive New Zealand tree in California. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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112
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Dostál P, Müllerová J, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Klinerová T. The impact of an invasive plant changes over time. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1277-84. [PMID: 23953187 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many exotic plant invaders pose a serious threat to native communities, but little is known about the dynamics of their impacts over time. In this study, we explored the impact of an invasive plant Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) at 24 grassland sites invaded for different periods of time (from 11 to 48 years). Native species' richness and productivity were initially reduced by hogweed invasion but tended to recover after ~30 years of hogweed residence at the sites. Hogweed cover declined over the whole period assessed. A complementary common garden experiment suggested that the dynamics observed in the field were due to a negative plant-soil feedback; hogweed survival and biomass, and its competitive ability were lower when growing in soil inocula collected from earlier-invaded grasslands. Our results provide evidence that the initial dominance of an invasive plant species and its negative impact can later be reversed by stabilising processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dostál
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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113
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114
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Fensham RJ, Donald S, Dwyer JM. Propagule pressure, not fire or cattle grazing, promotes invasion of buffel grassCenchrus ciliaris. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Donald
- Queensland Herbarium; Mt Coot-tha Road; Toowong; Queensland; 4066; Australia
| | - John M. Dwyer
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia; Stirling Highway; Crawley; Western Australia; 6009; Australia
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115
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Carvalho S, Macel M, Schlerf M, Skidmore AK, van der Putten WH. Soil biotic impact on plant species shoot chemistry and hyperspectral reflectance patterns. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1133-1144. [PMID: 23025430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that plant-soil biotic interactions may cause changes in above-ground plant chemistry. It would be a new step in below-ground-above-ground interaction research if such above-ground chemistry changes could be efficiently detected. Here we test how hyperspectral reflectance may be used to study such plant-soil biotic interactions in a nondestructive and rapid way. The native plant species Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea erucifolius, and the exotic invader Senecio inaequidens were grown in different soil biotic conditions. Biomass, chemical content and shoot reflectance between 400 and 2500 nm wavelengths were determined. The data were analysed with multivariate statistics. Exposing the plants to soil biota enhanced the content of defence compounds. The highest increase (400%) was observed for the exotic invader S. inaequidens. Chemical and spectral data enabled plant species to be classified with an accuracy > 85%. Plants grown in different soil conditions were classified with 50-60% correctness. Our data suggest that soil microorganisms can affect plant chemistry and spectral reflectance. Further studies should test the potential to study plant-soil biotic interactions in the field. Such techniques could help to monitor, among other things, where invasive exotic plant species develop biotic resistance or the development of hotspots of crop soil diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Carvalho
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Postbus 50, 6700, AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- ITC Faculty, University of Twente, PO Box 6, 7500, AA Esnchede, the Netherlands
| | - Mirka Macel
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlerf
- Public Research Centre Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew K Skidmore
- ITC Faculty, University of Twente, PO Box 6, 7500, AA Esnchede, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Postbus 50, 6700, AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, 6700, ES Wageningen, the Netherlands
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116
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Van der Putten WH. Climate Change, Aboveground-Belowground Interactions, and Species' Range Shifts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Changes in climate, land use, fire incidence, and ecological connections all may contribute to current species' range shifts. Species shift range individually, and not all species shift range at the same time and rate. This variation causes community reorganization in both the old and new ranges. In terrestrial ecosystems, range shifts alter aboveground-belowground interactions, influencing species abundance, community composition, ecosystem processes and services, and feedbacks within communities and ecosystems. Thus, range shifts may result in no-analog communities where foundation species and community genetics play unprecedented roles, possibly leading to novel ecosystems. Long-distance dispersal can enhance the disruption of aboveground-belowground interactions of plants, herbivores, pathogens, symbiotic mutualists, and decomposer organisms. These effects are most likely stronger for latitudinal than for altitudinal range shifts. Disrupted aboveground-belowground interactions may have influenced historical postglacial range shifts as well. Assisted migration without considering aboveground-belowground interactions could enhance risks of such range shift–induced invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H. Van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)/Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6700 ES, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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117
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The Population Dynamics and Ecological Effects of Garlic Mustard, Alliaria petiolata, in a Minnesota Oak Woodland. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-168.2.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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118
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Wardle DA, Bellingham PJ, Fukami T, Bonner KI. Soil-mediated indirect impacts of an invasive predator on plant growth. Biol Lett 2012; 8:574-7. [PMID: 22496079 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have shown that invasive plant effects on soil biota influence subsequent plant performance, corresponding studies on how invasive animals affect plants through influencing soil biota are lacking. This is despite the fact that invasive animals often indirectly alter the below-ground subsystem. We studied 18 offshore islands in northern New Zealand, half of which have been invaded by rats that are predators of seabirds and severely reduce their densities, and half of which remain non-invaded; invasion of rats thwarts seabird transfer of resources from ocean to land. We used soil from each island in a glasshouse experiment involving soil sterilization treatments to determine whether rat invasion indirectly influences plant growth through the abiotic pathway (by impairing seabird-driven inputs to soil) or the biotic pathway (by altering the soil community). Rat invasion greatly impaired plant growth but entirely through the abiotic pathway. Plant growth was unaffected by the soil community or its response to invasion, meaning that the responses of plants and soil biota to invasion are decoupled. Our results provide experimental evidence for the powerful indirect effects that predator-instigated cascades can exert on plant and ecosystem productivity, with implications for the restoration of island ecosystems by predator removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wardle
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
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119
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Bever JD, Platt TG, Morton ER. Microbial population and community dynamics on plant roots and their feedbacks on plant communities. Annu Rev Microbiol 2012; 66:265-83. [PMID: 22726216 PMCID: PMC3525954 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the soil microbial community can be altered dramatically due to association with individual plant species, and these effects on the microbial community can have important feedbacks on plant ecology. Negative plant-soil feedback plays primary roles in maintaining plant community diversity, whereas positive plant-soil feedback may cause community conversion. Host-specific differentiation of the microbial community results from the trade-offs associated with overcoming plant defense and the specific benefits associated with plant rewards. Accumulation of host-specific pathogens likely generates negative feedback on the plant, while changes in the density of microbial mutualists likely generate positive feedback. However, the competitive dynamics among microbes depends on the multidimensional costs of virulence and mutualism, the fine-scale spatial structure within plant roots, and active plant allocation and localized defense. Because of this, incorporating a full view of microbial dynamics is essential to explaining the dynamics of plant-soil feedbacks and therefore plant community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Thomas G. Platt
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Elise R. Morton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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120
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Strayer DL. Eight questions about invasions and ecosystem functioning. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:1199-210. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Strayer
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies; P.O. Box AB, 2801 Sharon Turnpike Millbrook NY 12545 USA
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121
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Tang Y, Warren RJ, Kramer TD, Bradford MA. Plant invasion impacts on arthropod abundance, diversity and feeding consistent across environmental and geographic gradients. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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122
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Do priority effects benefit invasive plants more than native plants? An experiment with six grassland species. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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123
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124
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Biogeographical comparison of the invasive Lepidium draba in its native, expanded and introduced ranges. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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125
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126
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Bailey JK, Genung MA, O'Reilly-Wapstra J, Potts B, Rowntree J, Schweitzer JA, Whitham TG. New frontiers in community and ecosystem genetics for theory, conservation, and management. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:24-26. [PMID: 22136500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Bailey
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tas., Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 569 Dabney Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- (Author for correspondence: email )
| | - Mark A Genung
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 569 Dabney Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Julianne O'Reilly-Wapstra
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tas., Australia
- CRC for Forestry, Private Bag 12, Hobart 7001, Tas., Australia
| | - Brad Potts
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tas., Australia
- CRC for Forestry, Private Bag 12, Hobart 7001, Tas., Australia
| | - Jennifer Rowntree
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jennifer A Schweitzer
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001, Tas., Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 569 Dabney Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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127
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Flory SL, Kleczewski N, Clay K. Ecological consequences of pathogen accumulation on an invasive grass. Ecosphere 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00191.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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128
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Wardle DA, Bardgett RD, Callaway RM, Van der Putten WH. Terrestrial ecosystem responses to species gains and losses. Science 2011; 332:1273-7. [PMID: 21659595 DOI: 10.1126/science.1197479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystems worldwide are losing some species and gaining others, resulting in an interchange of species that is having profound impacts on how these ecosystems function. However, research on the effects of species gains and losses has developed largely independently of one another. Recent conceptual advances regarding effects of species gain have arisen from studies that have unraveled the mechanistic basis of how invading species with novel traits alter biotic interactions and ecosystem processes. In contrast, studies on traits associated with species loss are fewer, and much remains unknown about how traits that predispose species to extinction affect ecological processes. Species gains and losses are both consequences and drivers of global change; thus, explicit integration of research on how both processes simultaneously affect ecosystem functioning is key to determining the response of the Earth system to current and future human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umeå, Sweden.
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129
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Zuppinger-Dingley D, Schmid B, Chen Y, Brandl H, van der Heijden MGA, Joshi J. In their native range, invasive plants are held in check by negative soil-feedbacks. Ecosphere 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00061.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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130
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Speek TAA, Lotz LAP, Ozinga WA, Tamis WLM, Schaminée JHJ, van der Putten WH. Factors relating to regional and local success of exotic plant species in their new range. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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131
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Thompson K, Davis MA. Why research on traits of invasive plants tells us very little. Trends Ecol Evol 2011; 26:155-6. [PMID: 21334760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Thompson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, S10 2TN.
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132
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Mitchell CE, Blumenthal D, Jarošík V, Puckett EE, Pyšek P. Controls on pathogen species richness in plants' introduced and native ranges: roles of residence time, range size and host traits. Ecol Lett 2010; 13:1525-35. [PMID: 20973907 PMCID: PMC3003901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduced species escape many pathogens and other enemies, raising three questions. How quickly do introduced hosts accumulate pathogen species? What factors control pathogen species richness? Are these factors the same in the hosts' native and introduced ranges? We analysed fungal and viral pathogen species richness on 124 plant species in both their native European range and introduced North American range. Hosts introduced 400 years ago supported six times more pathogens than those introduced 40 years ago. In hosts' native range, pathogen richness was greater on hosts occurring in more habitat types, with a history of agricultural use and adapted to greater resource supplies. In hosts' introduced range, pathogen richness was correlated with host geographic range size, agricultural use and time since introduction, but not any measured biological traits. Introduced species have accumulated pathogens at rates that are slow relative to most ecological processes, and contingent on geographic and historic circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA.
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133
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Evidence for enhanced mutualism hypothesis: Solidago canadensis plants from regular soils perform better. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15418. [PMID: 21082028 PMCID: PMC2972720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The important roles of plant-soil microbe interactions have been documented in exotic plant invasion, but we know very little about how soil mutualists enhance this process (i.e. enhanced mutualism hypothesis). To test this hypothesis we conducted two greenhouse experiments with Solidago canadensis (hereafter Solidago), an invasive forb from North America, and Stipa bungeana (hereafter Stipa), a native Chinese grass. In a germination experiment, we found soil microbes from the rhizospheres of Solidago and Stipa exhibited much stronger facilitative effects on emergence of Solidago than that of Stipa. In a growth and competition experiment, we found that soil microbes strongly facilitated Solidago to outgrow Stipa, and greatly increased the competitive effects of Solidago on Stipa but decreased the competitive effects of Stipa on Solidago. These findings from two experiments suggest that in situ soil microbes enhance the recruitment potential of Solidago and its ability to outcompete native plants, thereby providing strong evidence for the enhanced mutualism hypothesis. On the other hand, to some extent this outperformance of Solidago in the presence of soil microbes seems to be unbeneficial to control its rapid expansion, particularly in some ranges where this enhanced mutualism dominates over other mechanisms.
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134
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Impacts of soil microbial communities on exotic plant invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:512-9. [PMID: 20638747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Soil communities can have profound effects on invasions of ecosystems by exotic plant species. We propose that there are three main pathways by which this can happen. First, plant-soil feedback interactions in the invaded range are neutral to positive, whereas native plants predominantly suffer from negative soil feedback effects. Second, exotic plants can manipulate local soil biota by enhancing pathogen levels or disrupting communities of root symbionts, while suffering less from this than native plants. Third, exotic plants produce allelochemicals toxic to native plants that cannot be detoxified by local soil communities, or that become more toxic following microbial conversion. We discuss the need for integrating these three pathways in order to further understand how soil communities influence exotic plant invasions.
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