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Fukuda Y, Hirao T, Mishima K, Ohira M, Hiraoka Y, Takahashi M, Watanabe A. Transcriptome dynamics of rooting zone and aboveground parts of cuttings during adventitious root formation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:201. [PMID: 30231856 PMCID: PMC6148763 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root formation is an essential physiological process for successful propagation of cuttings in various plant species. Because coniferous species are highly heterozygous, propagation of cuttings is of great practical use in breeding. Although various factors influence adventitious root formation, little is known of the associated regulatory mechanisms. Whereas adventitious roots generally form from the base of cuttings, this process is accompanied by physiological changes in leaves, which supply assimilates and metabolites. Herein, we present microarray analyses of transcriptome dynamics during adventitious root formation in whole cuttings in the coniferous species, Cryptomeria japonica. RESULTS Temporal patterns of gene expression were determined in the base, the middle, and needles of cuttings at eight time points during adventitious root formation. Global gene expression at the base had diverged from that in the middle by 3-h post-insertion, and changed little in the subsequent 3-days post-insertion, and global gene expression in needles altered characteristically at 3- and 6-weeks post-insertion. In Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of major gene clusters based on hierarchical clustering, the expression profiles of genes related to carbohydrates, plant hormones, and other categories indicated multiple biological changes that were involved in adventitious root formation. CONCLUSIONS The present comprehensive transcriptome analyses indicate major transcriptional turning and contribute to the understanding of the biological processes and molecular factors that influence adventitious root formation in C. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fukuda
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Bio-research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Kentaro Mishima
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Mineko Ohira
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hiraoka
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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Anthocyanic pigments from elicited in vitro grown shoot cultures of Vaccinium corymbosum L., cv. Brigitta Blue, as photosensitizer in natural dye-sensitized solar cells (NDSSC). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:69-76. [PMID: 30219632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect on anthocyanins and total phenols content and antioxidant capacity of in vitro shoot cultures of Vaccinium corymbosum L., cv. Brigitta Blue, grown on an eliciting medium supplied with 10 μM naphthalene acetic acid, in combination with reduced content of salts and organics in respect to the basal medium. After 45 days, higher content of total phenols and anthocyanins was obtained from extracts of shoots grown on the elicitation medium. Anthocyanin molecules, absent in control shoots, were identified by HPLC-MS as delphinidine-glycoside, cyanidine-glycoside, delphinidine-arabinoside, cyanidine- arabinoside and cyanidine-acetylglycoside. Chlorogenic acid, present in control shoots, was nearly absent in elicited shoots. We exploited the anthocyanin - based raw extracts of "Brigitta Blue" shoots grown on the elicitation medium as a source of natural dye photosensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, taking into account that such raw extracts showed antioxidant properties and photostability features. A purified dye was also prepared and the comparison of the latter with the raw one has been analysed by spectrophotometric, chromatographic and power conversion efficiency determination. The power conversion efficiencies from the raw and the purified dye were not different and they were comparable to the data obtained by other authors with anthocyanin-based dyes from in vivo grown plants.
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103
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Yamada R, Murai K, Uchida N, Takahashi K, Iwasaki R, Tada Y, Kinoshita T, Itami K, Torii KU, Hagihara S. A Super Strong Engineered Auxin-TIR1 Pair. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1538-1544. [PMID: 29986114 PMCID: PMC6084576 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development through induction of the interaction between TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX proteins (TIR1/AFBs) and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) co-receptor proteins and the subsequent transcriptional regulation. The artificial control of endogenous auxin signaling should enable the precise delineation of auxin-mediated biological events as well as the agricultural application of auxin. To this end, we previously developed a synthetic auxin-receptor pair that consists of 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-IAA (convexIAA, cvxIAA) and the engineered TIR1 whose phenylalanine at position 79 in the auxin-binding pocket is substituted to glycine (TIR1F79G) (concaveTIR1, ccvTIR1). This synthetic auxin-receptor pair works orthogonally to natural auxin signaling in transgenic plants harboring the engineered TIR1 by exogenous application of 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-IAA, and has potential to be utilized as novel agricultural/horticultural tools. In the present study, we report an improved version of the synthetic cvxIAA-ccvTIR1 pair such that synthetic IAA can act at lower concentrations. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we screened various 5-substituted IAAs and identified 5-adamantyl-IAA, named pico_cvxIAA, which mediates interaction of TIR1F79G and IAA3 proteins at a 1,000-fold lower concentration than the original version, 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-IAA. Furthermore, we found that TIR1F79A interacts with IAA3 protein in the presence of picomolar concentrations of 5-adamantyl-IAA, 10,000-fold lower than our prototype version of the cvxIAA-ccvTIR1 pair. In addition, pull-down assays confirmed that 5-adamantyl-IAA mediates in vitro interaction of TIR1F79A and IAA7-DII peptides at lower concentrations. The improved synthetic IAA-TIR1 pair with high affinity would be beneficial for basic science as well as for practical use in agriculture/horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Murai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rie Iwasaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding authors: Keiko U. Torii, E-mail, ; Fax, +1-206-685-1728; Shinya Hagihara, E-mail,
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Keiko U. Torii, E-mail, ; Fax, +1-206-685-1728; Shinya Hagihara, E-mail,
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104
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Multiple Hormones, Wounding and Sugar Signaling Pathways Mediate Adventitious Root Formation in Apple Rootstock. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082201. [PMID: 30060517 PMCID: PMC6121287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adventitious roots (AR) play an important role in the vegetative propagation of apple rootstocks. The potential role of hormone, wounding, and sugar signalling pathways in mediating AR formation has not been adequately explored and the whole co-expression network in AR formation has not been well established in apple. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying AR formation in 'T337' apple rootstocks, transcriptomic changes that occur during four stages of AR formation (0, 3, 9 and 16 days) were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 4294 differentially expressed genes were identified. Approximately 446 genes related to hormones, wounding, sugar signaling, root development, and cell cycle induction pathways were subsequently selected based on their potential to be involved in AR formation. RT-qPCR validation of 47 genes with known functions exhibited a strong positive correlation with the RNA-seq data. Interestingly, most of the candidate genes involved in AR formation that were identified by transcriptomic sequencing showed auxin-responsive expression patterns in an exogenous Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-treatment assay: Indicating that endogenous and exogenous auxin plays key roles in regulating AR formation via similar signalling pathways to some extent. In general, AR formation in apple rootstocks is a complex biological process which is mainly influenced by the auxin signaling pathway. In addition, multiple hormones-, wounding- and sugar-signaling pathways interact with the auxin signaling pathway and mediate AR formation in apple rootstocks.
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105
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Stevens ME, Woeste KE, Pijut PM. Localized gene expression changes during adventitious root formation in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:877-894. [PMID: 29378021 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cutting propagation plays a large role in the forestry and horticulture industries where superior genotypes need to be clonally multiplied. Integral to this process is the ability of cuttings to form adventitious roots. Recalcitrance to adventitious root development is a serious hurdle for many woody plant propagation systems including black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), an economically valuable species. The inability of black walnut to reliably form adventitious roots limits propagation of superior genotypes. Adventitious roots originate from different locations, and root induction is controlled by many environmental and endogenous factors. At the molecular level, however, the regulation of adventitious root formation is still poorly understood. In order to elucidate the transcriptional changes during adventitious root development in black walnut, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of nine key genes regulating root formation in other species. Using our previously developed spatially explicit timeline of adventitious root development in black walnut softwood cuttings, we optimized a laser capture microdissection protocol to isolate RNA from cortical, phloem fiber and phloem parenchyma cells throughout adventitious root formation. Laser capture microdissection permitted high-resolution, site-specific analysis of gene expression that differentiated between participatory and non-participatory root progenitor cells. Results indicated mRNA abundance was altered in all nine rooting-related genes in response to auxin treatment in both juvenile and mature cuttings. SCARECROW LIKE-1 (SCL) had the greatest change in expression in juvenile rooting-competent cells at days 16 and 18, with a 24- and 23-fold increase relative to day 0, respectively. Tissues not linked to root organogenesis had little change in SCL expression at similar time points. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)6 and ARF8 as well as SHORTROOT expression also increased 2- to 4-fold in rooting-competent tissue. The greatest transcript abundance in rooting-competent cuttings was restricted to root progenitor cells, while recalcitrant cuttings had a diffuse mRNA signal among tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah E Stevens
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC), 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Keith E Woeste
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, HTIRC, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Paula M Pijut
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, HTIRC, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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106
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Sánchez-García AB, Ibáñez S, Cano A, Acosta M, Pérez-Pérez JM. A comprehensive phylogeny of auxin homeostasis genes involved in adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196663. [PMID: 29709027 PMCID: PMC5927418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional basis of auxin homeostasis requires knowledge about auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin catabolism genes, which is not always directly available despite the recent whole-genome sequencing of many plant species. Through sequence homology searches and phylogenetic analyses on a selection of 11 plant species with high-quality genome annotation, we identified the putative gene homologs involved in auxin biosynthesis, auxin catabolism and auxin transport pathways in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). To deepen our knowledge of the regulatory events underlying auxin-mediated adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings, we used RNA-sequencing data to confirm the expression profiles of some auxin homeostasis genes during the rooting of two carnation cultivars with different rooting behaviors. We also confirmed the presence of several auxin-related metabolites in the stem cutting tissues. Our findings offer a comprehensive overview of auxin homeostasis genes in carnation and provide a solid foundation for further experiments investigating the role of auxin homeostasis in the regulation of adventitious root formation in carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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107
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Cannarozzi G, Weichert A, Schnell M, Ruiz C, Bossard S, Blösch R, Plaza‐Wüthrich S, Chanyalew S, Assefa K, Tadele Z. Waterlogging affects plant morphology and the expression of key genes in tef ( Eragrostis tef). PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00056. [PMID: 31245721 PMCID: PMC6508588 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], an allotetraploid cereal that is a staple food to over 60 million people in the Horn of Africa, has a high nutritional content and is resistant to many biotic and abiotic stresses such as waterlogging and drought. Three tef genotypes, Alba, Tsedey, and Quncho, were subjected to waterlogging conditions and their growth, physiology, and change in transcript expression were measured with the goal of identifying targets for breeding cultivars with improved waterlogging tolerance. Root and shoot growth and dry weight were observed over 22 days. Stomatal conductance and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were quantified. Microscopy was used to monitor changes in the stem cross sections. Illumina RNA sequencing was used to obtain the expression profiles of tef under flooding and control conditions and was verified using qPCR. Results indicated differences in growth between the three genotypes. Waterlogged Tsedey plants grew higher and had more root biomass than normally watered Tsedey plants. Quncho and Alba genotypes were more susceptible to the excess moisture stress. The effects of these changes were observed on the plant physiology. Among the three tested tef genotypes, Tsedey formed more aerenchyma than Alba and had accelerated growth under waterlogging. Tsedey and Quncho had constitutive aerenchyma. Genes affecting carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth, response to reactive oxygen species, transport, signaling, and stress responses were found to change under excess moisture stress. In general, these results show the presence of substantial anatomical and physiological differences among tef genotypes when waterlogged during the early growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cannarozzi
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Annett Weichert
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Mirjam Schnell
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Celia Ruiz
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Regula Blösch
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Sonia Plaza‐Wüthrich
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Present address:
Département des Neurosciences CliniquesCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Solomon Chanyalew
- Ethiopian Agricultural Research InstituteDebre Zeit Agricultural Research CenterDebre ZeitEthiopia
| | - Kebebew Assefa
- Ethiopian Agricultural Research InstituteDebre Zeit Agricultural Research CenterDebre ZeitEthiopia
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Institute of BiotechnologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
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108
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A combined pathway of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis for an efficient large-scale propagation in date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mejhoul. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:215. [PMID: 29651380 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient regeneration system via a combined pathway of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was developed for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Mejhoul. Adventitious buds were obtained from shoot-tip explants with a frequency of 53.3% after 9 months of culture: 6 months on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS/2) medium containing 14.2 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 13.4 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 µM 6-(dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP), and 3 months on MS/2 medium supplemented with 1.1 µM IAA, 1.1 µM NAA, 0.5 µM 2iP, 2.2 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.4 µM kinetin. Adventitious bud segments were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis, and the effects of different concentrations (22.5, 45, 90, 225 or 450 µM) of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) were evaluated. The optimal medium for somatic embryogenesis induction was MS medium supplemented with 45 µM picloram and 5 µM 2iP, in which the somatic embryogenesis rate was 70%. For somatic embryo maturation, the effects of sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) were tested. The highest maturation rate (88.6 mature somatic embryos per 100 mg fresh weight callus) was observed on liquid MS medium supplemented with 20 g L-1 PEG. Subsequent somatic embryo germination was achieved with up to 52.0% in MS medium containing 2.5 µM NAA and 2.5 µM BA. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the glasshouse where 76.0% of them survived.
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109
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AOX1-Subfamily Gene Members in Olea europaea cv. "Galega Vulgar"-Gene Characterization and Expression of Transcripts during IBA-Induced in Vitro Adventitious Rooting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020597. [PMID: 29462998 PMCID: PMC5855819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagation of some Olea europaea L. cultivars is strongly limited due to recalcitrant behavior in adventitious root formation by semi-hardwood cuttings. One example is the cultivar ”Galega vulgar”. The formation of adventitious roots is considered a morphological response to stress. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is the terminal oxidase of the alternative pathway of the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. This enzyme is well known to be induced in response to several biotic and abiotic stress situations. This work aimed to characterize the alternative oxidase 1 (AOX1)-subfamily in olive and to analyze the expression of transcripts during the indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-induced in vitro adventitious rooting (AR) process. OeAOX1a (acc. no. MF410318) and OeAOX1d (acc. no. MF410319) were identified, as well as different transcript variants for both genes which resulted from alternative polyadenylation events. A correlation between transcript accumulation of both OeAOX1a and OeAOX1d transcripts and the three distinct phases (induction, initiation, and expression) of the AR process in olive was observed. Olive AOX1 genes seem to be associated with the induction and development of adventitious roots in IBA-treated explants. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stimulus needed for the induction of adventitious roots may help to develop more targeted and effective rooting induction protocols in order to improve the rooting ability of difficult-to-root cultivars.
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Sharma U, Kataria V, Shekhawat NS. Aeroponics for adventitious rhizogenesis in evergreen haloxeric tree Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst.: influence of exogenous auxins and cutting type. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS 2018; 24:167-174. [PMID: 29398848 PMCID: PMC5787124 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst., a drought resistant halophyte tree, is an agroforestry species which can be used for reclamation of waterlogged saline and marginal lands. Due to very low seed viability and unsuitable conditions for seed germination, the tree is becoming rare in Indian Thar desert. Present study concerns the evaluation of aeroponics technique for vegetative propagation of T. aphylla. Effect of various exogenous auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid) at different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg l−1) was examined for induction of adventitious rooting and other morphological features. Among all three auxins tested individually, maximum rooting response (79%) was observed with IBA 2.0 mg l−1. However, stem cuttings treated with a combination of auxins (2.0 mg l−1 IBA and 1.0 mg l−1 IAA) for 15 min resulted in 87% of rooting response. Among three types of stem cuttings (apical shoot, newly sprouted cuttings, mature stem cuttings), maximum rooting (~ 90%) was observed on mature stem cuttings. Number of roots and root length were significantly higher in aeroponically rooted stem cuttings as compared to stem cuttings rooted in soil conditions. Successfully rooted and sprouted plants were transferred to polybags with 95% survival rate. This is the first report on aeroponic culture of Tamarix aphylla which can be utilized in agroforestry practices, marginal land reclamation and physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Sharma
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
| | - Vinod Kataria
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
| | - N. S. Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany (UGC-Centre of Advanced Study), Jai Narain Vyas University, New Campus, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001 India
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111
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Liu H, Gao Y, Song X, Ma Q, Zhang J, Pei D. A novel rejuvenation approach to induce endohormones and improve rhizogenesis in mature Juglans tree. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:13. [PMID: 29449873 PMCID: PMC5806478 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juglans is a difficult-to-root tree. In the present study, we successfully rejuvenated stock plants by grafting and then burying them horizontally. RESULTS Rooting rates of rejuvenated shoots were 98.1% 20 days after cutting. We recorded spatial and temporal variation in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin A3 (GA3) and zeatin-riboside (ZR) under root induction. The four types of endohormones were mainly confined to the phloem sieve and companion cells (S&Cs) at the base of either rejuvenated or mature soft shoots. IAA and ABA levels were higher in rejuvenated shoots than in mature shoots, whereas the opposite was true for GA3 and ZR. During rooting induction, GA3 was the first hormone to be observed outside phloem S&Cs, followed by IAA, ABA and ZR. In rejuvenating soft shoots, IAA accumulated in the cross-sectional areas of the cambium and phloem, where root primordia were evident. CONCLUSIONS The improvement in the rooting ability that was evident after rejuvenation most likely results a transformation of the plant to a juvenile form, from elevated IAA levels in phloem S&Cs and from a promotion of all four endohormones outside phloem S&Cs, in particular, from an accumulation of IAA in the cross-sectional areas of the cambium and phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Xiaobo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Junpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
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112
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Olatunji D, Geelen D, Verstraeten I. Control of Endogenous Auxin Levels in Plant Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2587. [PMID: 29194427 PMCID: PMC5751190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the different biosynthesis-related pathways that contribute to the regulation of endogenous auxin in plants. We demonstrate that all known genes involved in auxin biosynthesis also have a role in root formation, from the initiation of a root meristem during embryogenesis to the generation of a functional root system with a primary root, secondary lateral root branches and adventitious roots. Furthermore, the versatile adaptation of root development in response to environmental challenges is mediated by both local and distant control of auxin biosynthesis. In conclusion, auxin homeostasis mediated by spatial and temporal regulation of auxin biosynthesis plays a central role in determining root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Olatunji
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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113
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Sheng L, Hu X, Du Y, Zhang G, Huang H, Scheres B, Xu L. Non-canonical WOX11-mediated root branching contributes to plasticity in Arabidopsis root system architecture. Development 2017; 144:3126-3133. [PMID: 28743799 PMCID: PMC5611959 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs), which originate from the growing root, and adventitious roots (ARs), which are formed from non-root organs, are the main contributors to the post-embryonic root system in Arabidopsis. However, our knowledge of how formation of the root system is altered in response to diverse inductive cues is limited. Here, we show that WOX11 contributes to root system plasticity. When seedlings are grown vertically on medium, WOX11 is not expressed in LR founder cells. During AR initiation, WOX11 is expressed in AR founder cells and activates LBD16. LBD16 also functions in LR formation and is activated in that context by ARF7/19 and not by WOX11. This indicates that divergent initial processes that lead to ARs and LRs may converge on a similar mechanism for primordium development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that when plants are grown in soil or upon wounding on medium, the primary root is able to produce both WOX11-mediated and non-WOX11-mediated roots. The discovery of WOX11-mediated root-derived roots reveals a previously uncharacterized pathway that confers plasticity during the generation of root system architecture in response to different inductive cues. Summary: Root system development can respond flexibly to developmental and environmental cues by utilizing WOX11-mediated and non-WOX11-mediated pathways, which converge on a common mechanism for primordium development involving LBD16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Du
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guifang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ben Scheres
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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114
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Fattorini L, Veloccia A, Della Rovere F, D’Angeli S, Falasca G, Altamura MM. Indole-3-butyric acid promotes adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis thaliana thin cell layers by conversion into indole-3-acetic acid and stimulation of anthranilate synthase activity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:121. [PMID: 28693423 PMCID: PMC5504571 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and its precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), control adventitious root (AR) formation in planta. Adventitious roots are also crucial for propagation via cuttings. However, IBA role(s) is/are still far to be elucidated. In Arabidopsis thaliana stem cuttings, 10 μM IBA is more AR-inductive than 10 μM IAA, and, in thin cell layers (TCLs), IBA induces ARs when combined with 0.1 μM kinetin (Kin). It is unknown whether arabidopsis TCLs produce ARs under IBA alone (10 μM) or IAA alone (10 μM), and whether they contain endogenous IAA/IBA at culture onset, possibly interfering with the exogenous IBA/IAA input. Moreover, it is unknown whether an IBA-to-IAA conversion is active in TCLs, and positively affects AR formation, possibly through the activity of the nitric oxide (NO) deriving from the conversion process. RESULTS Revealed undetectable levels of both auxins at culture onset, showing that arabidopsis TCLs were optimal for investigating AR-formation under the total control of exogenous auxins. The AR-response of TCLs from various ecotypes, transgenic lines and knockout mutants was analyzed under different treatments. It was shown that ARs are better induced by IBA than IAA and IBA + Kin. IBA induced IAA-efflux (PIN1) and IAA-influx (AUX1/LAX3) genes, IAA-influx carriers activities, and expression of ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE -alpha1 (ASA1), a gene involved in IAA-biosynthesis. ASA1 and ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE -beta1 (ASB1), the other subunit of the same enzyme, positively affected AR-formation in the presence of exogenous IBA, because the AR-response in the TCLs of their mutant wei2wei7 was highly reduced. The AR-response of IBA-treated TCLs from ech2ibr10 mutant, blocked into IBA-to-IAA-conversion, was also strongly reduced. Nitric oxide, an IAA downstream signal and a by-product of IBA-to-IAA conversion, was early detected in IAA- and IBA-treated TCLs, but at higher levels in the latter explants. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, results showed that IBA induced AR-formation by conversion into IAA involving NO activity, and by a positive action on IAA-transport and ASA1/ASB1-mediated IAA-biosynthesis. Results are important for applications aimed to overcome rooting recalcitrance in species of economic value, but mainly for helping to understand IBA involvement in the natural process of adventitious rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - A. Veloccia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - F. Della Rovere
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - S. D’Angeli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - G. Falasca
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - M. M. Altamura
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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115
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Li YH, Zhang HN, Wu QS, Muday GK. Transcriptional sequencing and analysis of major genes involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. PLANTA 2017; 245:1193-1213. [PMID: 28303391 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A total of 74,745 unigenes were generated and 1975 DEGs were identified. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment were revealed. Adventitious root formation is a crucial step in plant vegetative propagation, but the molecular mechanism of adventitious root formation remains unclear. Adventitious roots formed only at the proximal cut surface (PCS) of mango cotyledon segments, whereas no roots were formed on the opposite, distal cut surface (DCS). To identify the transcript abundance changes linked to adventitious root development, RNA was isolated from PCS and DCS at 0, 4 and 7 days after culture, respectively. Illumina sequencing of libraries generated from these samples yielded 62.36 Gb high-quality reads that were assembled into 74,745 unigenes with an average sequence length of 807 base pairs, and 33,252 of the assembled unigenes at least had homologs in one of the public databases. Comparative analysis of these transcriptome databases revealed that between the different time points at PCS there were 1966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while there were only 51 DEGs for the PCS vs. DCS when time-matched samples were compared. Of these DEGs, 1636 were assigned to gene ontology (GO) classes, the majority of that was involved in cellular processes, metabolic processes and single-organism processes. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment are predicted to encode polar auxin transport carriers, auxin-regulated proteins, cell wall remodeling enzymes and ethylene-related proteins. In order to validate RNA-sequencing results, we further analyzed the expression profiles of 20 genes by quantitative real-time PCR. This study expands the transcriptome information for Mangifera indica and identifies candidate genes involved in adventitious root formation in cotyledon segments of mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Hong-Na Zhang
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Qing-Song Wu
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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116
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Mignolli F, Mariotti L, Picciarelli P, Vidoz ML. Differential auxin transport and accumulation in the stem base lead to profuse adventitious root primordia formation in the aerial roots (aer) mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:55-65. [PMID: 28315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerial roots (aer) mutant of tomato is characterized by a profuse and precocious formation of adventitious root primordia along the stem. We demonstrated that auxin is involved in the aer phenotype but ruled out higher auxin sensitivity of mutant plants. Interestingly, polar auxin transport was altered in aer, as young seedlings showed a reduced response to an auxin transport inhibitor and higher expression of auxin export carriers SlPIN1 and SlPIN3. An abrupt reduction in transcripts of auxin efflux and influx genes in older aer hypocotyls caused a marked deceleration of auxin transport in more mature tissues. Indeed, in 20days old aer plants, the transport of labeled IAA was faster in apices than in hypocotyls, displaying an opposite trend in comparison to a wild type. In addition, auxin transport facilitators (SlPIN1, SlPIN4, SlLAX5) were more expressed in aer apices than in hypocotyls, suggesting that auxin moves faster from the upper to the lower part of the stem. Consequently, a significantly higher level of free and conjugated IAA was found at the base of aer stems with respect to their apices. This auxin accumulation is likely the cause of the aer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - L Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Picciarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Vidoz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), UNNE-CONICET, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNNE, Sargento Cabral 2131, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
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117
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Effect of Auxins and Associated Metabolic Changes on Cuttings of Hybrid Aspen. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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118
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Veloccia A, Fattorini L, Della Rovere F, Sofo A, D'Angeli S, Betti C, Falasca G, Altamura MM. Ethylene and auxin interaction in the control of adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6445-6458. [PMID: 27831474 PMCID: PMC5181586 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots (ARs) are post-embryonic roots essential for plant survival and propagation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the auxin that controls AR formation; however, its precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is known to enhance it. Ethylene affects many auxin-dependent processes by affecting IAA synthesis, transport and/or signaling, but its role in AR formation has not been elucidated. This research investigated the role of ethylene in AR formation in dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, and its interaction with IAA/IBA. A number of mutants/transgenic lines were exposed to various treatments, and mRNA in situ hybridizations were carried out and hormones were quantified In the wild-type, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) at 0.1 μM enhanced AR formation when combined with IBA (10 μM), but reduced it when applied alone; this effect did not occur in the ein3eil1 ethylene-insensitive mutant. ACC inhibited the expression of the IAA-biosynthetic genes WEI2, WEI7, and YUC6, but enhanced IBA-to-IAA conversion, as shown by the response of the ech2ibr10 mutant and an increase in the endogenous levels of IAA. The ethylene effect was independent of auxin-signaling by TIR1-AFB2 and IBA-efflux by ABCG carriers, but it was dependent on IAA-influx by AUX1/LAX3.Taken together, the results demonstrate that a crosstalk involving ethylene signaling, IAA-influx, and IBA-to-IAA conversion exists between ethylene and IAA in the control of AR formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veloccia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - L Fattorini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - F Della Rovere
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - A Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - S D'Angeli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - C Betti
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - G Falasca
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - M M Altamura
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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119
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Lup SD, Tian X, Xu J, Pérez-Pérez JM. Wound signaling of regenerative cell reprogramming. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:178-187. [PMID: 27457994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that must deal with various threats resulting in tissue damage, such as herbivore feeding, and physical wounding by wind, snow or crushing by animals. During wound healing, phytohormone crosstalk orchestrates cellular regeneration through the establishment of tissue-specific asymmetries. In turn, hormone-regulated transcription factors and their downstream targets coordinate cellular responses, including dedifferentiation, cell cycle reactivation and vascular regeneration. By comparing different examples of wound-induced tissue regeneration in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a number of key regulators of developmental plasticity of plant cells have been identified. We present the relevance of these findings and of the dynamic establishment of differential auxin gradients for cell reprogramming after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Daniel Lup
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences and NUS Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences and NUS Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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120
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Sivanesan I, Saini RK, Noorzai R, Zamany AJ, Kim DH. In vitro propagation, carotenoid, fatty acid and tocopherol content of Ajuga multiflora Bunge. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:91. [PMID: 28330161 PMCID: PMC4791420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation from
shoot tip explants of Ajuga multiflora was studied. The highest number of shoots (17.1) was observed when shoot tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 8.0 µM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and 2.7 µM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The mean number of shoots per explant was increased 1.6-fold in liquid medium as compared with semi-solid medium. Maximum rooting (100 %) with an average of 7.2 roots per shoot was obtained on MS basal medium. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised in the greenhouse with 100 % survival rate. Composition of carotenoids, fatty acids and tocopherols was also studied from leaves of greenhouse-grown plants and in vitro-regenerated shoots of A. multiflora. The greatest amounts of carotenoids, fatty acids and tocopherols were obtained from leaves of in vitro-regenerated shoots cultured on MS basal medium, followed by leaves of greenhouse-grown plants and leaves of in vitro-regenerated shoots cultured on MS basal medium with 2.0 µM BA or thidiazuron. The most abundant carotenoid in A. multiflora leaves was all-E-lutein (89.4–382.6 μg g−1 FW) followed by all-E-β-carotene (32.0–156.7 μg g−1 FW), 9′-Z-neoxanthin (14.2–63.4 μg g−1 FW), all-E-violaxanthin (13.0–45.9 μg g−1 FW), all-E-zeaxanthin (1.3–2.5 μg g−1 FW) and all-E-β-cryptoxanthin (0.3–0.9 μg g−1 FW). α-Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in A. multiflora leaves. Linolenic acid (49.03–52.59 %) was detected in higher amounts in A. multiflora leaf samples followed by linoleic acid (18.95–21.39 %) and palmitic acid (15.79–18.66 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Rafi Noorzai
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ahmad Jawid Zamany
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
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121
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Della Rovere F, Fattorini L, Ronzan M, Falasca G, Altamura MM. The quiescent center and the stem cell niche in the adventitious roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1176660. [PMID: 27089118 PMCID: PMC4973785 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1176660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is essential for the survival of numerous species from vascular cryptogams to monocots, and is required for successful micropropagation. The tissues involved in AR initiation may differ in planta and in in vitro systems. For example, in Arabidopsis thaliana, ARs originate from the hypocotyl pericycle in planta and the stem endodermis in in vitro cultured thin cell layers. The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) depends on numerous factors, among which the hormones, auxin, in particular. In both primary and lateral roots, growth depends on a functional stem cell niche in the apex, maintained by an active quiescent center (QC), and involving the expression of genes controlled by auxin and cytokinin. This review summarizes current knowledge about auxin and cytokinin control on genes involved in the definition and maintenance of QC, and stem cell niche, in the apex of Arabidopsis ARs in planta and in longitudinal thin cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Ronzan
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
- Maria Maddalena Altamura
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122
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123
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Steffens B, Rasmussen A. The Physiology of Adventitious Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:603-17. [PMID: 26697895 PMCID: PMC4734560 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots are plant roots that form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development (crown roots on cereals and nodal roots on strawberry [Fragaria spp.]) and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, and wounding. They are important economically (for cuttings and food production), ecologically (environmental stress response), and for human existence (food production). To improve sustainable food production under environmentally extreme conditions, it is important to understand the adventitious root development of crops both in normal and stressed conditions. Therefore, understanding the regulation and physiology of adventitious root formation is critical for breeding programs. Recent work shows that different adventitious root types are regulated differently, and here, we propose clear definitions of these classes. We use three case studies to summarize the physiology of adventitious root development in response to flooding (case study 1), nutrient deficiency (case study 2), and wounding (case study 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Steffens
- Plant Physiology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany (B.S.); andDivision of Plant and Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - Amanda Rasmussen
- Plant Physiology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany (B.S.); andDivision of Plant and Crop Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (A.R.)
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124
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Omelyanchuk NA, Kovrizhnykh VV, Oshchepkova EA, Pasternak T, Palme K, Mironova VV. A detailed expression map of the PIN1 auxin transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana root. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16 Suppl 1:5. [PMID: 26821586 PMCID: PMC4895256 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theauxin efflux carrier PIN1 is a key mediator of polar auxin transport in developing plant tissues. This is why factors that are supposed to be involved in auxin distribution are frequently tested in the regulation of PIN1 expression. As a result, diverse aspects of PIN1 expression are dispersed across dozens of papers entirely devoted to other specific topics related to the auxin pathway. Integration of these puzzle pieces about PIN1 expression revealed that, along with a recurring pattern, some features of PIN1 expression varied from article to article. To determine if this uncertainty is related to the specific foci of articles or has a basis in the variability of PIN1 gene activity, we performed a comprehensive 3D analysis of PIN1 expression patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. RESULTS We provide here a detailed map of PIN1 expression in the primary root, in the lateral root primordia and at the root-shoot junction. The variability in PIN1 expression pattern observed in individual roots may occur due to differences in auxin distribution between plants. To simulate this effect, we analysed PIN1 expression in the roots from wild type seedlings treated with different IAA concentrations and pin mutants. Most changes in PIN1 expression after exogenous IAA treatment and in pin mutants were also recorded in wild type but with lower frequency and intensity. Comparative studies of exogenous auxin effects on PIN1pro:GUS and PIN1pro:PIN1-GFP plants indicated that a positive auxin effect is explicit at the level of PIN1 promoter activity, whereas the inhibitory effect relates to post-transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the PIN1 expression pattern in the root meristem accurately reflects changes in auxin content. This explains the variability of PIN1 expression in the individual roots and makes PIN1 a good marker for studying root meristem activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Omelyanchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - V V Kovrizhnykh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - E A Oshchepkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - T Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre for BioSystems Analysis (ZBSA), BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - K Palme
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre for BioSystems Analysis (ZBSA), BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany.
| | - V V Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Li SW, Shi RF, Leng Y, Zhou Y. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the gene expression profile that specifically responds to IBA during adventitious rooting in mung bean seedlings. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:43. [PMID: 26755210 PMCID: PMC4709940 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin plays a critical role in inducing adventitious rooting in many plants. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is the most widely employed auxin for adventitious rooting. However, the molecular mechanisms by which auxin regulate the process of adventitious rooting are less well known. RESULTS The RNA-Seq data analysis indicated that IBA treatment greatly increased the amount of clean reads and the amount of expressed unigenes by 24.29 % and 27.42 % and by 4.3 % and 5.04 % at two time points, respectively, and significantly increased the numbers of unigenes numbered with RPKM = 10-100 and RPKM = 500-1000 by 13.04 % and 3.12 % and by 24.66 % and 108.2 % at two time points, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the enrichment of down-regulated GOs was 2.87-fold higher than that of up-regulated GOs at stage 1, suggesting that IBA significantly down-regulated gene expression at 6 h. The GO functional category indicated that IBA significantly up- or down-regulated processes associated with auxin signaling, ribosome assembly and protein synthesis, photosynthesis, oxidoreductase activity and extracellular region, secondary cell wall biogenesis, and the cell wall during the development process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment indicated that ribosome biogenesis, plant hormone signal transduction, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, ribosome, cutin, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism were the pathways most highly regulated by IBA. A total of 6369 differentially expressed (2-fold change > 2) unigenes (DEGs) with 3693 (58 %) that were up-regulated and 2676 (42 %) down-regulated, 5433 unigenes with 2208 (40.6 %) that were up-regulated and 3225 (59.4 %) down-regulated, and 7664 unigenes with 3187 (41.6 %) that were up-regulated and 4477 (58.4 %) down-regulated were detected at stage 1, stage 2, and between stage 1 and stage 2, respectively, suggesting that IBA treatment increased the number of DEGs. A total of 143 DEGs specifically involved in plant hormone signaling and 345 transcription factor (TF) genes were also regulated by IBA. qRT-PCR validation of the 36 genes with known functions indicated a strong correlation with the RNA-Seq data. CONCLUSIONS The changes in GO functional categories, KEGG pathways, and global DEG profiling during adventitious rooting induced by IBA were analyzed. These results provide valuable information about the molecular traits of IBA regulation of adventitious rooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Weng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Fang Shi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Leng
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 West Anning Road, Lanzhou, 730070, P.R. China.
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Druege U, Franken P, Hajirezaei MR. Plant Hormone Homeostasis, Signaling, and Function during Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:381. [PMID: 27064322 PMCID: PMC4814496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation in cuttings is a multiphase developmental process, resulting from wounding at the cutting site and isolation from the resource and signal network of the whole plant. Though, promotive effects of auxins are widely used for clonal plant propagation, the regulation and function of plant hormones and their intricate signaling networks during AR formation in cuttings are poorly understood. In this focused review, we discuss our recent publications on the involvement of polar auxin transport (PAT) and transcriptional regulation of auxin and ethylene action during AR formation in petunia cuttings in a broad context. Integrating new findings on cuttings of other plant species and general models on plant hormone networks, a model on the regulation and function of auxin, ethylene, and jasmonate in AR formation of cuttings is presented. PAT and cutting off from the basipetal auxin drain are considered as initial principles generating early accumulation of IAA in the rooting zone. This is expected to trigger a self-regulatory process of auxin canalization and maximization to responding target cells, there inducing the program of AR formation. Regulation of auxin homeostasis via auxin influx and efflux carriers, GH3 proteins and peroxidases, of flavonoid metabolism, and of auxin signaling via AUX/IAA proteins, TOPLESS, ARFs, and SAUR-like proteins are postulated as key processes determining the different phases of AR formation. NO and H2O2 mediate auxin signaling via the cGMP and MAPK cascades. Transcription factors of the GRAS-, AP2/ERF-, and WOX-families link auxin signaling to cell fate specification. Cyclin-mediated governing of the cell cycle, modifications of sugar metabolism and microtubule and cell wall remodeling are considered as important implementation processes of auxin function. Induced by the initial wounding and other abiotic stress factors, up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis, and signaling via ERFs and early accumulation of jasmonic acid stimulate AR formation, while both pathways are linked to auxin. Future research on the function of candidate genes should consider their tissue-specific role and regulation by environmental factors. Furthermore, the whole cutting should be regarded as a system of physiological units with diverse functions specifically responding to the environment and determining the rooting response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Druege
- Department Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsErfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence:
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsErfurt, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Hajirezaei
- Department of Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchGatersleben, Germany
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Wen D, Gong B, Sun S, Liu S, Wang X, Wei M, Yang F, Li Y, Shi Q. Promoting Roles of Melatonin in Adventitious Root Development of Solanum lycopersicum L. by Regulating Auxin and Nitric Oxide Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:718. [PMID: 27252731 PMCID: PMC4879336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays integral roles in regulating several biological processes including plant growth, seed germination, flowering, senescence, and stress responses. This study investigated the effects of MT on adventitious root formation (ARF) of de-rooted tomato seedlings. Exogenous MT positively or negatively influenced ARF, which was dependent on the concentration of MT application. In the present experiment, 50 μM MT showed the best effect on inducing ARF. Interestingly, exogenous MT promoted the accumulation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) by down-regulating the expression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). To determine the interaction of MT and NO in ARF, MT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine, NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt as well as GSNOR-overexpression plants with low NO levels were used. The function of MT was removed by NO scavenger or GSNOR-overexpression plants. However, application of MT synthesis inhibitor did little to abolish the function of NO. These results indicate that NO, as a downstream signal, was involved in the MT-induced ARF. Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, as well as the expression of several genes related to the auxin signaling pathway (PIN1, PIN3, PIN7, IAA19, and IAA24), showed that MT influenced auxin transport and signal transduction as well as auxin accumulation through the NO signaling pathway. Collectively, these strongly suggest that elevated NO levels resulting from inhibited GSNOR activity and auxin signaling were involved in the MT-induced ARF in tomato plants. This can be applied in basic research and breeding.
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128
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Ruedell CM, de Almeida MR, Fett-Neto AG. Concerted transcription of auxin and carbohydrate homeostasis-related genes underlies improved adventitious rooting of microcuttings derived from far-red treated Eucalyptus globulus Labill mother plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:11-9. [PMID: 26397200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Economically important plant species, such as Eucalyptus globulus, are often rooting recalcitrant. We have previously shown that far-red light enrichment applied to E. globulus donor-plants improved microcutting rooting competence and increased rooting zone/shoot carbohydrate ratio. To better understand this developmental response, the relative expression profiles of genes involved in auxin signaling (ARF6, ARF8, AGO1), biosynthesis (YUC3) and transport (AUX1, PIN1, PIN2); sucrose cleavage (SUS1, CWINV1), transport (SUC5), hexose phosphorylation (HXK1, FLN1) and starch biosynthesis (SS3) were quantified during adventitious rooting of E. globulus microcuttings derived from donor plants exposed to far-red or white light. Expression of auxin transport-related genes increased in the first days of root induction. Far-red enrichment of donor plants induced ARF6, ARF8 and AGO1 in microcuttings. The first two gene products could activate GH3 and other rooting related genes, whereas AGO1 deregulation of the repressor ARF17 may relief rooting inhibition. Increased sink strength at the basal stem with sucrose unloading in root tissue mediated by SUC and subsequent hydrolysis by SUS1 were also supported by gene expression profile. Fructose phosphorylation and starch biosynthesis could also contribute to proper carbon allocation at the site of rooting, as evidenced by increased expression of related genes. These data are in good agreement with increased contents of hexoses and starch at the cutting base severed from far-red exposed donor plants. To sum up, pathways integrating auxin and carbohydrate metabolism were activated in microcuttings derived from donor plants exposed to far red light enrichment, thereby improving rooting response in E. globulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Michels Ruedell
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rodrigues de Almeida
- Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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129
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Villacorta-Martín C, Sánchez-García AB, Villanova J, Cano A, van de Rhee M, de Haan J, Acosta M, Passarinho P, Pérez-Pérez JM. Gene expression profiling during adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:789. [PMID: 26467528 PMCID: PMC4606512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adventitious root (AR) formation is a critical step in vegetative propagation of most ornamental plants, such as carnation. AR formation from stem cuttings is usually divided into several stages according to physiological and metabolic markers. Auxin is often applied exogenously to promote the development of ARs on stem cuttings of difficult-to-root genotypes. Results By whole transcriptome sequencing, we identified the genes involved in AR formation in carnation cuttings and in response to exogenous auxin. Their expression profiles have been analysed through RNA-Seq during a time-course experiment in the stem cutting base of two cultivars with contrasting efficiencies of AR formation. We explored the kinetics of root primordia formation in these two cultivars and in response to exogenously-applied auxin through detailed histological and physiological analyses. Conclusions Our results provide, for the first time, a number of molecular, histological and physiological markers that characterize the different stages of AR formation in this species and that could be used to monitor adventitious rooting on a wide collection of carnation germplasm with the aim to identify the best-rooting cultivars for breeding purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2003-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan Villanova
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Miranda van de Rhee
- Genetwister Technologies B.V., P.O. Box 193, NL6700 AD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorn de Haan
- Genetwister Technologies B.V., P.O. Box 193, NL6700 AD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Paul Passarinho
- Genetwister Technologies B.V., P.O. Box 193, NL6700 AD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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de Almeida MR, de Bastiani D, Gaeta ML, de Araújo Mariath JE, de Costa F, Retallick J, Nolan L, Tai HH, Strömvik MV, Fett-Neto AG. Comparative transcriptional analysis provides new insights into the molecular basis of adventitious rooting recalcitrance in Eucalyptus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:155-65. [PMID: 26398800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting (AR) is essential in clonal propagation. Eucalyptus globulus is relevant for the cellulose industry due to its low lignin content. However, several useful clones are recalcitrant to AR, often requiring exogenous auxin, adding cost to clonal garden operations. In contrast, E. grandis is an easy-to-root species widely used in clonal forestry. Aiming at contributing to the elucidation of recalcitrance causes in E. globulus, we conducted a comparative analysis with these two species differing in rooting competence, combining gene expression and anatomical techniques. Recalcitrance in E. globulus is reversed by exposure to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes important gene expression modifications in both species. The endogenous content of IAA was significantly higher in E. grandis than in E. globulus. The cambium zone was identified as an active area during AR, concentrating the first cell divisions. Immunolocalization assay showed auxin accumulation in cambium cells, further indicating the importance of this region for rooting. We then performed a cambium zone-specific gene expression analysis during AR using laser microdissection. The results indicated that the auxin-related genes TOPLESS and IAA12/BODENLOS and the cytokinin-related gene ARR1may act as negative regulators of AR, possibly contributing to the hard-to-root phenotype of E. globulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Rodrigues de Almeida
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Plant Gene Regulation and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Daniela de Bastiani
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Letaif Gaeta
- Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Retallick
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Lana Nolan
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Helen H Tai
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Martina V Strömvik
- Plant Gene Regulation and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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131
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Zhang X, Berkowitz O, Teixeira da Silva JA, Zhang M, Ma G, Whelan J, Duan J. RNA-Seq analysis identifies key genes associated with haustorial development in the root hemiparasite Santalum album. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:661. [PMID: 26388878 PMCID: PMC4555033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Santalum album (sandalwood) is one of the economically important plant species in the Santalaceae for its production of highly valued perfume oils. Sandalwood is also a hemiparasitic tree that obtains some of its water and simple nutrients by tapping into other plants through haustoria which are highly specialized organs in parasitic angiosperms. However, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in haustorium development is limited. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were performed to identify changes in gene expression and metabolic pathways associated with the development of the S. album haustorium. A total of 56,011 non-redundant contigs with a mean contig size of 618 bp were obtained by de novo assembly of the transcriptome of haustoria and non-haustorial seedling roots. A substantial number of the identified differentially expressed genes were involved in cell wall metabolism and protein metabolism, as well as mitochondrial electron transport functions. Phytohormone-mediated regulation might play an important role during haustorial development. Especially, auxin signaling is likely to be essential for haustorial initiation, and genes related to cytokinin and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism are involved in haustorial development. Our results suggest that genes encoding nodulin-like proteins may be important for haustorial morphogenesis in S. album. The obtained sequence data will become a rich resource for future research in this interesting species. This information improves our understanding of haustorium development in root hemiparasitic species and will allow further exploration of the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying plant parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Botany, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Muhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Botany, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Life Science, La Trobe UniversityBundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Functions of melatonin in plants: a review. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:133-50. [PMID: 26094813 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies on melatonin in plants has increased significantly in recent years. This molecule, with a large set of functions in animals, has also shown great potential in plant physiology. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology of higher plants. Its role as antistress agent against abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, low and high ambient temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is analyzed. The latest data on their role in plant-pathogen interactions are also discussed. Both abiotic and biotic stresses produce a significant increase in endogenous melatonin levels, indicating its possible role as effector in these situations. The existence of endogenous circadian rhythms in melatonin levels has been demonstrated in some species, and the data, although limited, suggest a central role of this molecule in the day/night cycles in plants. Finally, another aspect that has led to a large volume of research is the involvement of melatonin in aspects of plant development regulation. Although its role as a plant hormone is still far of from being fully established, its involvement in processes such as growth, rhizogenesis, and photosynthesis seems evident. The multiple changes in gene expression caused by melatonin point to its role as a multiregulatory molecule capable of coordinating many aspects of plant development. This last aspect, together with its role as an alleviating-stressor agent, suggests that melatonin is an excellent prospect for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Hedayati V, Mousavi A, Razavi K, Cultrera N, Alagna F, Mariotti R, Hosseini-Mazinani M, Baldoni L. Polymorphisms in the AOX2 gene are associated with the rooting ability of olive cuttings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1151-64. [PMID: 25749737 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Different rooting ability candidate genes were tested on an olive cross progeny. Our results demonstrated that only the AOX2 gene was strongly induced. OeAOX2 was fully characterised and correlated to phenotypical traits. The formation of adventitious roots is a key step in the vegetative propagation of trees crop species, and this ability is under strict genetic control. While numerous studies have been carried out to identify genes controlling adventitious root formation, only a few loci have been characterised. In this work, candidate genes that were putatively involved in rooting ability were identified in olive (Olea europaea L.) by similarity with orthologs identified in other plant species. The mRNA levels of these genes were analysed by real-time PCR during root induction in high- (HR) and low-rooting (LR) individuals. Interestingly, alternative oxidase 2 (AOX2), which was previously reported to be a functional marker for rooting in olive cuttings, showed a strong induction in HR individuals. From the OeAOX2 full-length gene, alleles and effective polymorphisms were distinguished and analysed in the cross progeny, which were segregated based on rooting. The results revealed a possible correlation between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of OeAOX2 gene and rooting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Hedayati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Bharti N, Bhatla SC. Nitric oxide mediates strigolactone signaling in auxin and ethylene-sensitive lateral root formation in sunflower seedlings. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1054087. [PMID: 26076049 PMCID: PMC4622609 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1054087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) play significant role in shaping root architecture whereby auxin-SL crosstalk has been observed in SL-mediated responses of primary root elongation, lateral root formation and adventitious root (AR) initiation. Whereas GR24 (a synthetic strigolactone) inhibits LR and AR formation, the effect of SL biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone) is just the opposite (root proliferation). Naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) leads to LR proliferation but completely inhibits AR development. The diffusive distribution of PIN1 in the provascular cells in the differentiating zone of the roots in response to GR24, fluridone or NPA treatments further indicates the involvement of localized auxin accumulation in LR development responses. Inhibition of LR formation by GR24 treatment coincides with inhibition of ACC synthase activity. Profuse LR development by fluridone and NPA treatments correlates with enhanced [Ca(2+)]cyt in the apical region and differentiating zones of LR, indicating a critical role of [Ca(2+)] in LR development in response to the coordinated action of auxins, ethylene and SLs. Significant enhancement of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) activity (enzyme responsible for SL biosynthesis) in tissue homogenates in presence of cPTIO (NO scavenger) indicates the role of endogenous NO as a negative modulator of CCD activity. Differences in the spatial distribution of NO in the primary and lateral roots further highlight the involvement of NO in SL-modulated root morphogenesis in sunflower seedlings. Present work provides new report on the negative modulation of SL biosynthesis through modulation of CCD activity by endogenous nitric oxide during SL-modulated LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Bharti
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Niharika Bharti; ; Satish C Bhatla;
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Niharika Bharti; ; Satish C Bhatla;
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135
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Erland LAE, Murch SJ, Reiter RJ, Saxena PK. A new balancing act: The many roles of melatonin and serotonin in plant growth and development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1096469. [PMID: 26418957 PMCID: PMC4883872 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1096469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin and serotonin are indoleamines first identified as neurotransmitters in vertebrates; they have now been found to be ubiquitously present across all forms of life. Both melatonin and serotonin were discovered in plants several years after their discovery in mammals, but their presence has now been confirmed in almost all plant families. The mechanisms of action of melatonin and serotonin are still poorly defined. Melatonin and serotonin possess important roles in plant growth and development, including functions in chronoregulation and modulation of reproductive development, control of root and shoot organogenesis, maintenance of plant tissues, delay of senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review focuses on the roles of melatonin and serotonin as a novel class of plant growth regulators. Their roles in reproductive and vegetative plant growth will be examined including an overview of current hypotheses and knowledge regarding their mechanisms of action in specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A E Erland
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Kelowna, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology; University of Texas Health Center; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, Canada
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Pacurar DI, Pacurar ML, Pacurar AM, Gutierrez L, Bellini C. A novel viable allele of Arabidopsis CULLIN1 identified in a screen for superroot2 suppressors by next generation sequencing-assisted mapping. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100846. [PMID: 24955772 PMCID: PMC4067405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Map-based cloning (MBC) is the conventional approach for linking phenotypes to genotypes, and has been successfully used to identify causal mutations in diverse organisms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer unprecedented possibilities to sequence the entire genomes of organisms, thereby in principle enabling direct identification of causal mutations without mapping. However, although mapping-by-sequencing has proven to be a cost effective alternative to classical MBC in particular situations, methods based solely on NGS still have limitations and need to be refined. Aiming to identify the causal mutations in suppressors of Arabidopsis thaliana superroot2 phenotype, generated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment, we combined NGS and classical mapping, to rapidly identify the point mutations and restrict the number of testable candidates by defining the chromosomal intervals containing the causal mutations, respectively. The NGS-assisted mapping approach we describe here facilitates unbiased identification of virtually any causal EMS-generated mutation by overlapping the identification (deep sequencing) and validation (mapping) steps. To exemplify the useful marriage of the two approaches we discuss the strategy used to identify a new viable recessive allele of the Arabidopsis CULLIN1 gene in the non-reference Wassilewskija (Ws-4) accession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Pacurar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Monica L. Pacurar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Present address: SweTree Technologies AB, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea M. Pacurar
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Molecular biology platform (CRRBM), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech), Versailles, France
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