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Amstutz A, Firth LB, Spicer JI, Hanley ME. Facing up to climate change: Community composition varies with aspect and surface temperature in the rocky intertidal. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 172:105482. [PMID: 34656855 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine rocky intertidal organisms are amongst those most affected by climate change with regional distributional changes observed for many species. Although often ascribed to increased sea surface temperatures, precise assessment of the local habitat conditions underpinning observed and predicted changes in community assembly is lacking. Here we examine how aspect (i.e. north-south orientation) affects intertidal community composition and how rock surface temperatures and stress responses of two dominant grazer species (Patella spp.) elucidate emergent differences. We quantified year-round temperature variation and surveyed intertidal community composition on paired natural rock gullies with Equator- (EF) and Pole-facing (PF) surfaces. We also investigated variation in limpet (Patella spp.) reproductive phenology and osmotic stress. Average annual temperatures were 0.8 °C (1.6 °C at low tide) higher, with six-fold more frequent extremes (i.e. > 30 °C) on EF than PF surfaces. Intertidal community composition varied with aspect across trophic levels with greater overall species richness, abundance of primary producers and grazers on PF-surfaces, and greater barnacle abundance on EF-surfaces. Although species richness of organisms from different biogeographical origins ('Boreal' or 'Lusitanian') did not vary, the Lusitanian limpet Patella depressa exhibited earlier reproductive development on EF-surfaces and both limpet species exhibited greater thermal stress on EF-surfaces. We argue that our study system provides a good model for understanding how temperature variation at local scales can affect community composition, as well as ecophysiological and ecological responses to climate change and so better inform and predict regional range shifts over coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amstutz
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - J I Spicer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
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102
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Barrientos S, Zarco-Perello S, Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barreiro R, Wernberg T. Feeding preferences of range-shifting and native herbivorous fishes in temperate ecosystems. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 172:105508. [PMID: 34710739 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Temperate reefs are being tropicalized worldwide. In temperate Western Australia, a marine heatwave led to a regime shift from kelp (Ecklonia radiata) dominated to canopy-free reefs, together with an increase in tropical herbivorous fishes that contribute to keeping low kelp abundances and even prevent kelp reestablishment in northern regions. However, whether tropical herbivorous fishes prefer kelps over other seaweeds and/or whether this preference changes with latitude remains untested. Multiple-choice experiments (young kelp vs. other seaweeds) with tropical, subtropical and temperate herbivorous fishes show shifting species-specific preferences and fish-to-fish interference shifting with latitude (assays replicated in two regions four degrees of latitude apart). Against expectations, only the temperate Kyphosus sydneyanus preferred kelp over other seaweeds, but only in the lower latitude region. Siganus fuscescens, the most abundant tropical herbivore in both regions, preferred grazing on turf, suggesting that tropical fish might reduce kelp recruitment by consuming microscopic sporophytes in turf matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barrientos
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Salvador Zarco-Perello
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute. The University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Oceans Institute. The University of Western Australia, 39 Fairway, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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103
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Incorporating Geographical Scale and Multiple Environmental Factors to Delineate the Breeding Distribution of Sea Turtles. DRONES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/drones5040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is often used to infer how climate influences wildlife distributions; yet, other parameters also contribute, separately and combined, with effects varying across geographical scales. Here, we used an unoccupied aircraft system to explore how environmental parameters affect the regional distribution of the terrestrial and marine breeding habitats of threatened loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Surveys spanned four years and ~620 km coastline of western Greece, encompassing low (<10 nests/km) to high (100–500 nests/km) density nesting areas. We recorded 2395 tracks left by turtles on beaches and 1928 turtles occupying waters adjacent to these beaches. Variation in beach track and inwater turtle densities was explained by temperature, offshore prevailing wind, and physical marine and terrestrial factors combined. The highest beach-track densities (400 tracks/km) occurred on beaches with steep slopes and higher sand temperatures, sheltered from prevailing offshore winds. The highest inwater turtle densities (270 turtles/km) occurred over submerged sandbanks, with warmer sea temperatures associated with offshore wind. Most turtles (90%) occurred over nearshore submerged sandbanks within 10 km of beaches supporting the highest track densities, showing the strong linkage between optimal marine and terrestrial environments for breeding. Our findings demonstrate the utility of UASs in surveying marine megafauna and environmental data at large scales and the importance of integrating multiple factors in climate change models to predict species distributions.
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104
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Sharifian S, Kamrani E, Saeedi H. Insights toward the future potential distribution of mangrove crabs in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology University of Hormozgan Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Ehsan Kamrani
- Fishery Department University of Hormozgan Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Hanieh Saeedi
- Department of Marine Zoology Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt am Main Germany
- OBIS Data ManagerDeep‐Sea Node Frankfurt am Main Germany
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105
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Torres C, Jordà G, de Vílchez P, Vaquer-Sunyer R, Rita J, Canals V, Cladera A, Escalona JM, Miranda MÁ. Climate change and their impacts in the Balearic Islands: a guide for policy design in Mediterranean regions. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2021; 21:107. [PMID: 34720740 PMCID: PMC8536903 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-021-01810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Understanding the local effects of global warming-derived impacts is important to island systems due to their fragile environmental conditions. This is especially true when it comes to Mediterranean insular regions as they are climate change (CC) hotspots where adaptation and mitigation policy design is an urgent matter. Looking at 2030 as a time horizon for climate action and focusing on the Balearic Islands, this paper reviews the physical changes projected for the coming decades as a result of CC and analyses their impacts on regional environmental, economic and social variables. Mitigation and adaptation measures are also proposed based on the identified priority impacts. The fact the Balearics are a top world holiday destination allows the analysis to serve as a guide to other Mediterranean islands with tourism-based economies facing similar CC scenarios. Results show the projected rise of temperature and sea level; the reduction of the average precipitation and increase in evapotranspiration, the droughts and the increase in ocean acidification and deoxygenation are the main threats faced by the Balearics, this putting their economy at risk due to the high tourism's vulnerability to CC. Mitigation and adaptation action on terrestrial and marine ecosystems, water resources, energy, infrastructure and urban planning, human health, economy, law and education is recommended. Sustainable mobility and waste managing are also viewed as important fields for mitigation action. Conclusions show that diversifying the current socioeconomic model is needed to increase the community and territory resilience. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-021-01810-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cati Torres
- Applied Economics Department and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, km. 7,5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Gabriel Jordà
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Pau de Vílchez
- International Law Department and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | | | - Juan Rita
- Botanic Lab, Department of Biology and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Vincent Canals
- Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Construction Department and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les IllesBalears, Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Antoni Cladera
- Industrial Engineering and Construction Department and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - José M. Escalona
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA UIB) and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears , Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group and Interdisciplinary Lab on Climate Change (LINCC UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears Spain
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106
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Lavender E, Fox CJ, Burrows MT. Modelling the impacts of climate change on thermal habitat suitability for shallow-water marine fish at a global scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258184. [PMID: 34606498 PMCID: PMC8489719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the response of marine communities to climate change at large spatial scales, and distilling this information for policymakers, are prerequisites for ecosystem-based management. Changes in thermal habitat suitability across species’ distributions are especially concerning because of their implications for abundance, affecting species’ conservation, trophic interactions and fisheries. However, most predictive studies of the effects of climate change have tended to be sub-global in scale and focused on shifts in species’ range edges or commercially exploited species. Here, we develop a widely applicable methodology based on climate response curves to predict global-scale changes in thermal habitat suitability. We apply the approach across the distributions of 2,293 shallow-water fish species under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 by 2050–2100. We find a clear pattern of predicted declines in thermal habitat suitability in the tropics versus general increases at higher latitudes. The Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean and western Africa emerge as the areas of most concern, where high species richness and the strongest declines in thermal habitat suitability coincide. This reflects a pattern of consistently narrow thermal ranges, with most species in these regions already exposed to temperatures above inferred thermal optima. In contrast, in temperate regions, such as northern Europe, where most species live below thermal optima and thermal ranges are wider, positive changes in thermal habitat suitability suggest that these areas are likely to emerge as the greatest beneficiaries of climate change, despite strong predicted temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Lavender
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
- * E-mail:
| | - Clive J. Fox
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
| | - Michael T. Burrows
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
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107
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Bertić M, Schroeder H, Kersten B, Fladung M, Orgel F, Buegger F, Schnitzler JP, Ghirardo A. European oak chemical diversity - from ecotypes to herbivore resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:818-834. [PMID: 34240433 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing insect pressure and forcing plants to adapt. Although chemotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity in spatially separated tree populations are known for decades, understanding their importance in herbivory resistance across forests remains challenging. We studied four oak forest stands in Germany using nontarget metabolomics, elemental analysis, and chemometrics and mapped the leaf metabolome of herbivore-resistant (T-) and herbivore-susceptible (S-) European oaks (Quercus robur) to Tortrix viridana, an oak pest that causes severe forest defoliation. Among the detected metabolites, we identified reliable metabolic biomarkers to distinguish S- and T-oak trees. Chemotypic differentiation resulted in metabolic shifts of primary and secondary leaf metabolism. Across forests, T-oaks allocate resources towards constitutive chemical defense enriched of polyphenolic compounds, e.g. the flavonoids kaempferol, kaempferol and quercetin glucosides, while S-oaks towards growth-promoting substances such as carbohydrates and amino-acid derivatives. This extensive work across natural forests shows that oaks' resistance and susceptibility to herbivory are linked to growth-defense trade-offs of leaf metabolism. The discovery of biomarkers and the developed predictive model pave the way to understand Quercus robur's susceptibility to herbivore attack and to support forest management, contributing to the preservation of oak forests in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Bertić
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hilke Schroeder
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Kersten
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Orgel
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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108
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Predicting responses to marine heatwaves using functional traits. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 37:20-29. [PMID: 34593256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete but prolonged periods of anomalously warm seawater, can fundamentally restructure marine communities and ecosystems. Although our understanding of these events has improved in recent years, key knowledge gaps hinder our ability to predict how MHWs will affect patterns of biodiversity. Here, we outline a functional trait approach that enables a better understanding of which species and communities will be most vulnerable to MHWs, and how the distribution of species and composition of communities are likely to shift through time. Our perspective allows progress toward unifying extreme events and longer term environmental trends as co-drivers of ecological change, with the incorporation of species traits into our predictions allowing for a greater capacity to make management decisions.
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109
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Bevilacqua S, Airoldi L, Ballesteros E, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Boero F, Bulleri F, Cebrian E, Cerrano C, Claudet J, Colloca F, Coppari M, Di Franco A, Fraschetti S, Garrabou J, Guarnieri G, Guerranti C, Guidetti P, Halpern BS, Katsanevakis S, Mangano MC, Micheli F, Milazzo M, Pusceddu A, Renzi M, Rilov G, Sarà G, Terlizzi A. Mediterranean rocky reefs in the Anthropocene: Present status and future concerns. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2021; 89:1-51. [PMID: 34583814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global change is striking harder and faster in the Mediterranean Sea than elsewhere, where high levels of human pressure and proneness to climate change interact in modifying the structure and disrupting regulative mechanisms of marine ecosystems. Rocky reefs are particularly exposed to such environmental changes with ongoing trends of degradation being impressive. Due to the variety of habitat types and associated marine biodiversity, rocky reefs are critical for the functioning of marine ecosystems, and their decline could profoundly affect the provision of essential goods and services which human populations in coastal areas rely upon. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the status of rocky reefs, trends in human-driven changes undermining their integrity, and current and upcoming management and conservation strategies, attempting a projection on what could be the future of this essential component of Mediterranean marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislao Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Stazione Idrobiologica di Chioggia "Umberto D'Ancona", Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Colloca
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Coppari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Guarnieri
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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110
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Thorne LH, Nye JA. Trait-mediated shifts and climate velocity decouple an endothermic marine predator and its ectothermic prey. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18507. [PMID: 34531442 PMCID: PMC8445949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is redistributing biodiversity globally and distributional shifts have been found to follow local climate velocities. It is largely assumed that marine endotherms such as cetaceans might shift more slowly than ectotherms in response to warming and would primarily follow changes in prey, but distributional shifts in cetaceans are difficult to quantify. Here we use data from fisheries bycatch and strandings to examine changes in the distribution of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas), and assess shifts in pilot whales and their prey relative to climate velocity in a rapidly warming region of the Northwest Atlantic. We found a poleward shift in pilot whale distribution that exceeded climate velocity and occurred at more than three times the rate of fish and invertebrate prey species. Fish and invertebrates shifted at rates equal to or slower than expected based on climate velocity, with more slowly shifting species moving to deeper waters. We suggest that traits such as mobility, diet specialization, and thermoregulatory strategy are central to understanding and anticipating range shifts. Our findings highlight the potential for trait-mediated climate shifts to decouple relationships between endothermic cetaceans and their ectothermic prey, which has important implications for marine food web dynamics and ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Thorne
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
| | - J A Nye
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.,Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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111
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Henson SA, Cael BB, Allen SR, Dutkiewicz S. Future phytoplankton diversity in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5372. [PMID: 34508102 PMCID: PMC8433162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the marine ecosystem. Currently, ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models used for climate change projections typically include only 2-3 phytoplankton types and are, therefore, too simple to adequately assess the potential for changes in plankton community structure. Here, we analyse a complex ecosystem model with 35 phytoplankton types to evaluate the changes in phytoplankton community composition, turnover and size structure over the 21st century. We find that the rate of turnover in the phytoplankton community becomes faster during this century, that is, the community structure becomes increasingly unstable in response to climate change. Combined with alterations to phytoplankton diversity, our results imply a loss of ecological resilience with likely knock-on effects on the productivity and functioning of the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B B Cael
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephanie R Allen
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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112
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Rosbakh S, Hartig F, Sandanov DV, Bukharova EV, Miller TK, Primack RB. Siberian plants shift their phenology in response to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4435-4448. [PMID: 34101938 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Siberia has undergone dramatic climatic changes due to global warming in recent decades. Yet, the ecological responses to these climatic changes are still poorly understood due to a lack of data. Here, we use a unique data set from the Russian 'Chronicles of Nature' network to analyse the long-term (1976-2018) phenological shifts in leaf out, flowering, fruiting and senescence of 67 common Siberian plant species. We find that Siberian boreal forest plants advanced their early season (leaf out and flowering) and mid-season (fruiting) phenology by -2.2, -0.7 and -1.6 days/decade, and delayed the onset of senescence by 1.6 days/decade during this period. These mean values, however, are subject to substantial intraspecific variability, which is partly explained by the plants' growth forms. Trees and shrubs advanced leaf out and flowering (-3.1 and -3.3. days/decade) faster than herbs (-1 day/decade), presumably due to the more direct exposure of leaf and flower buds to ambient air for the woody vegetation. For senescence, we detected a reverse pattern: stronger delays in herbs (2.1 days/decade) than in woody plants (1.0-1.2 days/decade), presumably due to the stronger effects of autumn frosts on the leaves of herbs. Interestingly, the timing of fruiting in all four growth forms advanced at similar paces, from 1.4 days/decade in shrubs to 1.7 days/decade in trees and herbs. Our findings point to a strong, yet heterogeneous, response of Siberian plant phenology to recent global warming. Furthermore, the results highlight that species- and growth form-specific differences among study species could be used to identify plants particularly at risk of decline due to their low adaptive capacity or a loss of synchronization with important interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Rosbakh
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Plant Biodiversity Lab, Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denis V Sandanov
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | | | - Tara K Miller
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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113
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Adam AAS, Garcia RA, Galaiduk R, Tomlinson S, Radford B, Thomas L, Richards ZT. Diminishing potential for tropical reefs to function as coral diversity strongholds under climate change conditions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arne A. S. Adam
- Coral Conservation and Research Group Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
| | - Rodrigo A. Garcia
- Coral Conservation and Research Group Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
- School of Earth Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- School for the Environment University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA
| | - Ronen Galaiduk
- Australian Institute of Marine Science IOMRC The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide North Terrace SA Australia
- Kings Park Science Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions West Perth WA Australia
| | - Ben Radford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science IOMRC The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute Oceans Graduate School The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Luke Thomas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science IOMRC The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute Oceans Graduate School The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Zoe T. Richards
- Coral Conservation and Research Group Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
- Collections and Research Western Australian Museum Welshpool WA Australia
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114
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Lörz AN, Kaiser S, Oldeland J, Stolter C, Kürzel K, Brix S. Biogeography, diversity and environmental relationships of shelf and deep-sea benthic Amphipoda around Iceland. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11898. [PMID: 34447625 PMCID: PMC8364320 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The waters around Iceland, bounding the Northern North Atlantic and the Nordic seas, are a region characterized by complex hydrography and seabed topography. This and the presence of the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe-Scotland ridge (GIFR) are likely to have a major impact on the diversity and distribution of the benthic fauna there. Biodiversity in this region is also under increasing threat from climate-induced changes, ocean warming and acidification in particular, affecting the marine realm. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biodiversity and distributional patterns of amphipod crustaceans in Icelandic waters and how it relates to environmental variables and depth. A comprehensive data set from the literature and recent expeditions was compiled constituting distributional records for 355 amphipod species across a major depth gradient (18–3,700 m). Using a 1° hexagonal grid to map amphipod distributions and a set of environmental factors (depth, pH, phytobiomass, velocity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved iron, salinity and temperature) we could identify four distinct amphipod assemblages: A Deep-North, Deep-South, and a Coastal cluster as well as one restricted to the GIFR. In addition to depth, salinity and temperature were the main parameters that determined the distribution of amphipods. Diversity differed greatly between the depth clusters and was significantly higher in coastal and GIFR assemblages compared to the deep-sea clusters north and south of the GIFR. A variety of factors and processes are likely to be responsible for the perceived biodiversity patterns, which, however, appear to vary according to region and depth. Low diversity of amphipod communities in the Nordic basins can be interpreted as a reflection of the prevailing harsh environmental conditions in combination with a barrier effect of the GIFR. By contrast, low diversity of the deep North Atlantic assemblages might be linked to the variable nature of the oceanographic environment in the region over multiple spatio-temporal scales. Overall, our study highlights the importance of amphipods as a constituent part of Icelandic benthos. The strong responses of amphipod communities to certain water mass variables raise the question of whether and how their distribution will change due to climate alteration, which should be a focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Nina Lörz
- Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Caroline Stolter
- Department Biology, Zoological Institute, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Brix
- Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversität, Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Hamburg, Germany
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115
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Lavers JL, Rivers-Auty J, Bond AL. Plastic debris increases circadian temperature extremes in beach sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126140. [PMID: 34492929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is the focus of substantial scientific and public interest, leading many to believe the issue is well documented and managed, with effective mitigation in place. However, many aspects are poorly understood, including fundamental questions relating to the scope and severity of impacts (e.g., demographic consequences at the population level). Plastics accumulate in significant quantities on beaches globally, yet the consequences for these terrestrial environments are largely unknown. Using real world, in situ measurements of circadian thermal fluctuations of beach sediment on Henderson Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands, we demonstrate that plastics increase circadian temperature extremes. Particular plastic levels were associated with increases in daily maximum temperatures of 2.45°C and decreases of daily minimum by - 1.50°C at 5 cm depth below the accumulated plastic. Mass of surface plastic was high on both islands (Henderson: 571 ± 197 g/m2; Cocos: 3164 ± 1989 g/m2), but did not affect thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, or moisture content of beach sediments. Therefore, we suggest plastic effects sediment temperatures by altering thermal inputs and outputs (e.g., infrared radiation absorption). The resulting circadian temperature fluctuations have potentially significant implications for terrestrial ectotherms, many of which have narrow thermal tolerance limits and are functionally important in beach habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, TAS 7004, Australia.
| | - Jack Rivers-Auty
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, United Kingdom
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116
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Arafeh‐Dalmau N, Brito‐Morales I, Schoeman DS, Possingham HP, Klein CJ, Richardson AJ. Incorporating climate velocity into the design of climate‐smart networks of marine protected areas. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Arafeh‐Dalmau
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Isaac Brito‐Morales
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere BioSciences Precinct (QBP) St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - David S. Schoeman
- Global‐Change Ecology Research Group School of Science, Technology and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Queensland Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Gqeberha South Africa
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- The Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere BioSciences Precinct (QBP) St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
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117
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Agulles M, Jordà G, Hoteit I, Agustí S, Duarte CM. Assessment of Red Sea temperatures in CMIP5 models for present and future climate. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255505. [PMID: 34329351 PMCID: PMC8323894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of the temperature in the Red Sea basin due to global warming could have a large negative effect on its marine ecosystem. Consequently, there is a growing interest, from the scientific community and public organizations, in obtaining reliable projections of the Red Sea temperatures throughout the 21st century. However, the main tool used to do climate projections, the global climate models (GCM), may not be well suited for that relatively small region. In this work we assess the skills of the CMIP5 ensemble of GCMs in reproducing different aspects of the Red Sea 3D temperature variability. The results suggest that some of the GCMs are able to reproduce the present variability at large spatial scales with accuracy comparable to medium and high-resolution hindcasts. In general, the skills of the GCMs are better inside the Red Sea than outside, in the Gulf of Aden. Based on their performance, 8 of the original ensemble of 43 GCMs have been selected to project the temperature evolution of the basin. Bearing in mind the GCM limitations, this can be an useful benchmark once the high resolution projections are available. Those models project an averaged warming at the end of the century (2080-2100) of 3.3 ±> 0.6°C and 1.6 ±> 0.4°C at the surface under the scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5, respectively. In the deeper layers the warming is projected to be smaller, reaching 2.2 ±> 0.5°C and 1.5 ±> 0.3°C at 300 m. The projected warming will largely overcome the natural multidecadal variability, which could induce temporary and moderate decrease of the temperatures but not enough to fully counteract it. We have also estimated how the rise of the mean temperature could modify the characteristics of the marine heatwaves in the region. The results show that the average length of the heatwaves would increase ~15 times and the intensity of the heatwaves ~4 times with respect to the present conditions under the scenario RCP8.5 (10 time and 3.6 times, respectively, under scenario RCP4.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Agulles
- Centre Oceanogràfic de Balears, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Jordà
- Centre Oceanogràfic de Balears, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Palma, Spain
| | - Ibrahim Hoteit
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agustí
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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118
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Cold Wave-Induced Reductions in NDII and ChlRE for North-Western Pacific Mangroves Varies with Latitude and Climate History. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13142732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests growing at the poleward edges of their geographic distribution are occasionally subject to freezing (<0 °C) and cold wave (>0 °C) events. Cold wave effects on mangrove trees are well documented and adaptation to cold stress has been reported for local mangrove populations in the North Atlantic. However, there is less understanding of effects of cold waves on mangroves in the northern Pacific, especially at the regional scale. Moreover, it is unclear if cold tolerant mangrove species of North Asia display variation in resistance to cold temperatures across their geographic distribution. Using a cold wave event that occurred in January 2021, we evaluated the effects of low temperatures on vegetation index (VI) change (relative to a recent five-year baseline) for mangrove forests dominated by Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae) and Avicennia marina (Acanthaceaee) at the northern edge of their geographical range. We used two VIs derived from Sentinel-2 imagery as indicators for canopy health: the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) and the chlorophyll red-edge index (ChlRE), which reflect forest canopy water content and chlorophyll concentration, respectively. We isolated the cold wave effects on the forest canopy from phenology (i.e., cold wave induced deviation from a five-year baseline) and used multiple linear regression to identify significant climatic predictors for the response of mangrove forest canopy VI change to low temperatures. For areas where the cold wave resulted in temperatures <10 °C, immediate decreases in both VIs were observed, and the VI difference relative to the baseline was generally greater at 30-days after the cold wave than when temperatures initially recovered to baseline values, showing a slight delay in VI response to cold wave-induced canopy damage. Furthermore, the two VIs did not respond consistently suggesting that cold-temperature induced changes in mangrove canopy chlorophyll and water content are affected independently or subject to differing physiological controls. Our results confirm that local baseline (i.e., recent past) climate predicts canopy resistance to cold wave damage across K. obovata stands in the northern Pacific, and in congruence with findings from New World mangroves, they imply geographic variation in mangrove leaf physiological resistance to cold for Northern Pacific mangroves.
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119
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Alabia ID, García Molinos J, Hirata T, Mueter FJ, Hirawake T, Saitoh SI. Marine biodiversity refugia in a climate-sensitive subarctic shelf. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3299-3311. [PMID: 33899298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The subarctic shelf of the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) is one of the world's most productive marine environments, exposed to drastic climate changes characterized by extreme fluctuations in temperature, sea ice concentration, timing, and duration. These climatic changes elicit profound responses in species distribution, abundance, and community composition. Here, we examined the patterns of alpha and temporal beta diversity of 159 marine taxa (66 vertebrates and 93 invertebrate species) from 29 years (1990-2018) of species observations from the NOAA bottom trawl surveys in the EBS. Based on these data, we identified geographically distinct refugial zones in the northern and southern regions of the middle shelf, defined by high species richness and similarity in community species composition over time. These refugial zones harbor higher frequencies of occurrence for representative taxa relative to the regions outside of refugia. We also explored the primary environmental factors structuring marine biodiversity distributions, which underpinned the importance of the winter sea ice concentration to alpha and temporal beta diversity. The spatial biodiversity distributions between high and low winter sea ice regimes highlighted contrasting signals. In particular, the latter showed elevated species richness compared to the former. Further, the temporal beta diversity between the high and low winter sea ice periods underpinned an overall increase in the compositional similarity of marine communities in the EBS. Despite these spatiotemporal differences in biodiversity distributions, the identified refugia represent safe havens of marine biodiversity in the EBS. Distinguishing these areas can help facilitate conservation and management efforts under accelerated and ongoing climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene D Alabia
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hirata
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Franz J Mueter
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - Toru Hirawake
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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120
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Dallaire X, Normandeau É, Mainguy J, Tremblay J, Bernatchez L, Moore J. Genomic data support management of anadromous Arctic Char fisheries in Nunavik by highlighting neutral and putatively adaptive genetic variation. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1880-1897. [PMID: 34295370 PMCID: PMC8287999 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing neutral and adaptive genetic variation is one of the main challenges in investigating processes shaping population structure in the wild, and landscape genomics can help identify signatures of adaptation to contrasting environments. Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) is an anadromous salmonid and the most harvested fish species by Inuit people, including in Nunavik (Québec, Canada), one of the most recently deglaciated regions in the world. Unlike many other anadromous salmonids, Arctic Char occupy coastal habitats near their natal rivers during their short marine phase restricted to the summer ice-free period. Our main objective was to document putatively neutral and adaptive genomic variation in anadromous Arctic Char populations from Nunavik and bordering regions to inform local fisheries management. We used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to genotype 18,112 filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 650 individuals from 23 sampling locations along >2000 km of coastline. Our results reveal a hierarchical genetic structure, whereby neighboring hydrographic systems harbor distinct populations grouped by major oceanographic basins: Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Ungava Bay, and Labrador Sea. We found genetic diversity and differentiation to be consistent both with the expected postglacial recolonization history and with patterns of isolation-by-distance reflecting contemporary gene flow. Results from three gene-environment association methods supported the hypothesis of local adaptation to both freshwater and marine environments (strongest associations with sea surface and air temperatures during summer and salinity). Our results support a fisheries management strategy at a regional scale, and other implications for hatchery projects and adaptation to climate change are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dallaire
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Département de Biologie, Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Éric Normandeau
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Julien Mainguy
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des ParcsQuébecQCCanada
| | - Jean‐Éric Tremblay
- Département de Biologie, Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des ParcsQuébecQCCanada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Département de Biologie, Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Jean‐Sébastien Moore
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Centre d’Études Nordiques (CEN)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- Département de Biologie, Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
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121
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Fredston A, Pinsky M, Selden RL, Szuwalski C, Thorson JT, Gaines SD, Halpern BS. Range edges of North American marine species are tracking temperature over decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3145-3156. [PMID: 33759274 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of species range edges in the modern era is key to addressing fundamental biogeographic questions about abiotic and biotic drivers of species distributions. Range edges are where colonization and extirpation processes unfold, and so these dynamics are also important to understand for effective natural resource management and conservation. However, few studies to date have analyzed time series of range edge positions in the context of climate change, in part because range edges are difficult to detect. We first quantified positions for 165 range edges of marine fishes and invertebrates from three U.S. continental shelf regions using up to five decades of survey data and a spatiotemporal model to account for sampling and measurement variability. We then analyzed whether those range edges maintained their edge thermal niche-the temperatures found at the range edge position-over time. A large majority of range edges (88%) maintained either summer or winter temperature extremes at the range edge over the study period, and most maintained both (76%), although not all of those range edges shifted in space. However, we also found numerous range edges-particularly poleward edges and edges in the region that experienced the most warming-that did not shift at all, shifted further than predicted by temperature alone, or shifted opposite the direction expected, underscoring the multiplicity of factors that drive changes in range edge positions. This study suggests that range edges of temperate marine species have largely maintained the same edge thermal niche during periods of rapid change and provides a blueprint for testing whether and to what degree species range edges track temperature in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Fredston
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Malin Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Science Center, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Cody Szuwalski
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James T Thorson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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122
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Assis J, Fragkopoulou E, Serrão EA, Horta E Costa B, Gandra M, Abecasis D. Weak biodiversity connectivity in the European network of no-take marine protected areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145664. [PMID: 33940752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for international cooperation in marine resource management and conservation has been reflected in the increasing number of agreements aiming for effective and well-connected networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). However, the extent to which individual MPAs are connected remains mostly unknown. Here, we use a biophysical model tuned with empirical data on species dispersal ecology to predict connectivity of a vast spectrum of biodiversity in the European network of marine reserves (i.e., no-take MPAs). Our results highlight the correlation between empirical propagule duration data and connectivity potential and show weak network connectivity and strong isolation for major ecological groups, resulting from the lack of direct connectivity corridors between reserves over vast regions. The particularly high isolation predicted for ecosystem structuring species (e.g., corals, sponges, macroalgae and seagrass) might potentially undermine biodiversity conservation efforts if local retention is insufficient and unmanaged populations are at risk. Isolation might also be problematic for populations' persistence in the light of climate change and expected species range shifts. Our findings provide novel insights for management directives, highlighting the location of regions requiring additional marine reserves to function as stepping-stone connectivity corridors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Assis
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - E Fragkopoulou
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - E A Serrão
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - B Horta E Costa
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - M Gandra
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - D Abecasis
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Thomson AI, Archer FI, Coleman MA, Gajardo G, Goodall‐Copestake WP, Hoban S, Laikre L, Miller AD, O’Brien D, Pérez‐Espona S, Segelbacher G, Serrão EA, Sjøtun K, Stanley MS. Charting a course for genetic diversity in the UN Decade of Ocean Science. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1497-1518. [PMID: 34178100 PMCID: PMC8210796 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of the world's oceans is intrinsically linked to the biodiversity of the ecosystems they sustain. The importance of protecting and maintaining ocean biodiversity has been affirmed through the setting of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the ocean for society's continuing needs. The decade beginning 2021-2030 has additionally been declared as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This program aims to maximize the benefits of ocean science to the management, conservation, and sustainable development of the marine environment by facilitating communication and cooperation at the science-policy interface. A central principle of the program is the conservation of species and ecosystem components of biodiversity. However, a significant omission from the draft version of the Decade of Ocean Science Implementation Plan is the acknowledgment of the importance of monitoring and maintaining genetic biodiversity within species. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of genetic diversity to adaptive capacity, evolutionary potential, community function, and resilience within populations, as well as highlighting some of the major threats to genetic diversity in the marine environment from direct human impacts and the effects of global climate change. We then highlight the significance of ocean genetic diversity to a diverse range of socioeconomic factors in the marine environment, including marine industries, welfare and leisure pursuits, coastal communities, and wider society. Genetic biodiversity in the ocean, and its monitoring and maintenance, is then discussed with respect to its integral role in the successful realization of the 2030 vision for the Decade of Ocean Science. Finally, we suggest how ocean genetic diversity might be better integrated into biodiversity management practices through the continued interaction between environmental managers and scientists, as well as through key leverage points in industry requirements for Blue Capital financing and social responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda A. Coleman
- New South Wales FisheriesNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- National Marine Science CentreSouthern Cross UniversityCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Aquaculture & BiodiversityUniversidad de Los LagosOsornoChile
| | | | - Sean Hoban
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
| | - Linda Laikre
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
- The Wildlife Analysis UnitThe Swedish Environmental Protection AgencyStockholmSweden
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Sílvia Pérez‐Espona
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteMidlothianUK
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- CCMARCentre of Marine SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Kjersti Sjøtun
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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124
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Feidantsis K, Pörtner HO, Giantsis IA, Michaelidis B. Advances in understanding the impacts of global warming on marine fishes farmed offshore: Sparus aurata as a case study. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1509-1523. [PMID: 33161577 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring variations in proteins involved in metabolic processes, oxidative stress responses, cell signalling and protein homeostasis is a powerful tool for developing hypotheses of how environmental variations affect marine organisms' physiology and biology. According to the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance hypothesis, thermal acclimation mechanisms such as adjusting the activities of enzymes of intermediary metabolism and of antioxidant defence mechanisms, inducing heat shock proteins (Hsps) or activating mitogen-activated protein kinases may all shift tolerance windows. Few studies have, however, investigated the molecular, biochemical and organismal responses by fishes to seasonal temperature variations in the field to link these to laboratory findings. Investigation of the impacts of global warming on fishes farmed offsore, in the open sea, can provide a stepping stone towards understanding effects on wild populations because they experience similar environmental fluctuations. Over the last 30 years, farming of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758) has become widespread along the Mediterranean coastline, rendering this species a useful case study. Based on available information, the prevailing seasonal temperature variations expose the species to the upper and lower limits of its thermal range. Evidence for this includes oxygen restriction, reduced feeding, reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli, plus a range of molecular and biochemical indicators that change across the thermal range. Additionally, close relationships between biochemical pathways and seasonal patterns of metabolism indicate a connection between energy demand and metabolic processes on the one hand, and cellular stress responses such as oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy on the other. Understanding physiological responses to temperature fluctuations in fishes farmed offshore can provide crucial background information for the conservation and successful management of aquaculture resources in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans O Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Physiologie Mariner Tiere, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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125
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Mutti A, Kübler-Dudgeon I, Dudgeon S. Variability effects by consumers exceed their average effects across an environmental gradient of mussel recruitment. Oecologia 2021; 196:539-552. [PMID: 34050382 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The implicit assumption that properties of natural systems deduced from the average statistics from random samples suffice for understanding them focuses the attention of ecologists on the average effects of processes and responses, and often, to view their variability as noise. Yet, both kinds of effects can drive dynamics of ecological systems and their covariation may confound interpretation. Predation by crabs and snails on competitively dominant mussels has long been recognized as an important process structuring communities on rocky shores of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. We experimentally manipulated the average intensity of predation in plots across a gradient of mussel recruitment to separately estimate the average and variability of responses of mussel recruitment and community composition. Predation did not affect the average number of mussels recruited to plots, nor the average multivariate composition of the community. Plots from which predators were excluded showed a ~ 30% increase in spatial variability of mussel recruitment. After 1 year, the spatial variability in community composition was greater than that observed among plots that predators could access. An important, but less recognized, aspect of predation is its dampening effect on variability of community structure. As accelerating rates of environmental change disrupt species interactions, variability effects of ecological processes and corresponding responses are likely to be increasingly important determinants of community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Mutti
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA.,California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Santa Barbara, CA, 93109, USA
| | - Iris Kübler-Dudgeon
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of California San Diego, LaJolla, 92093, USA
| | - Steve Dudgeon
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA.
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126
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Sydeman WJ, Schoeman DS, Thompson SA, Hoover BA, García-Reyes M, Daunt F, Agnew P, Anker-Nilssen T, Barbraud C, Barrett R, Becker PH, Bell E, Boersma PD, Bouwhuis S, Cannell B, Crawford RJM, Dann P, Delord K, Elliott G, Erikstad KE, Flint E, Furness RW, Harris MP, Hatch S, Hilwig K, Hinke JT, Jahncke J, Mills JA, Reiertsen TK, Renner H, Sherley RB, Surman C, Taylor G, Thayer JA, Trathan PN, Velarde E, Walker K, Wanless S, Warzybok P, Watanuki Y. Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels. Science 2021; 372:980-983. [PMID: 34045354 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and other human activities are causing profound effects on marine ecosystem productivity. We show that the breeding success of seabirds is tracking hemispheric differences in ocean warming and human impacts, with the strongest effects on fish-eating, surface-foraging species in the north. Hemispheric asymmetry suggests the need for ocean management at hemispheric scales. For the north, tactical, climate-based recovery plans for forage fish resources are needed to recover seabird breeding productivity. In the south, lower-magnitude change in seabird productivity presents opportunities for strategic management approaches such as large marine protected areas to sustain food webs and maintain predator productivity. Global monitoring of seabird productivity enables the detection of ecosystem change in remote regions and contributes to our understanding of marine climate impacts on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D S Schoeman
- Global-Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - F Daunt
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - P Agnew
- Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony, Oamaru, New Zealand
| | - T Anker-Nilssen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - C Barbraud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - R Barrett
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - P H Becker
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - E Bell
- Wildlife Management International, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - P D Boersma
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Bouwhuis
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - B Cannell
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - R J M Crawford
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Dann
- Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - G Elliott
- New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K E Erikstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM Centre, Tromsø, Norway and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Flint
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - R W Furness
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - M P Harris
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - S Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - K Hilwig
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - J T Hinke
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, USA
| | | | - T K Reiertsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), FRAM Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Renner
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - R B Sherley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - C Surman
- Halfmoon Biosciences, Ocean Beach, Western Australia, Australia
| | - G Taylor
- New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - E Velarde
- Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - K Walker
- New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S Wanless
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - P Warzybok
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, USA
| | - Y Watanuki
- Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
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127
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Sarà G, Giommi C, Giacoletti A, Conti E, Mulder C, Mangano MC. Multiple climate-driven cascading ecosystem effects after the loss of a foundation species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144749. [PMID: 33736396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is evolving so fast that the related adverse effects on the environment are becoming noticeable. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore and understand the effects generated by multiple extreme climatic events (MECEs) on marine ecosystem functioning and the services provided. Accordingly, we combined long-term in-situ empirical observations in the Mediterranean Sea with a mesocosm manipulation to investigate the concurrence of increasing temperature and hypoxia events. By focussing on a foundation mussel species, we were able to detect several cascade events triggered by a mass mortality event caused by stressful temperature and oxygen conditions, and resulting in a loss of ecosystem services. The measured rates of chlorophyll-a, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids - in both particulate and sedimentary organic matter - were used as proxies of ecosystem functioning during pre- and post- disturbance events (MECEs). In the past, MECEs were crucial for individual performance, mussel population dynamics and biomass. Their effect propagated along the ecological hierarchy negatively affecting the associated community and ecosystem. Our results suggest that the protection and/or restoration of coastal areas requires careful consideration of ecosystem functioning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our decadal time-series recorded by a near-term ecological forecasting network of thermal sensor allowed us to record and monitor multiple extreme climatic events (MECEs; heat wave and hypoxia events), warning on the environmental change recorded on a pond system. By integrating observational and manipulative approaches, we showed how a MECE triggered cascade events, from individual-based impaired functioning up to biodiversity loss (community composition and structure changes). Our results emphasize the key role played by a foundation species in driving ecosystem functioning, and the synergistic effects of climatic drivers acting simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sarà
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giommi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Giacoletti
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erminia Conti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 71, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 71, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - M Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
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128
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Baselga A, Gómez-Rodríguez C. Assessing the equilibrium between assemblage composition and climate: A directional distance-decay approach. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1906-1918. [PMID: 33909913 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The variation of assemblage composition in space is characterised by the decrease in assemblage similarity with spatial distance. Climatic constraint and dispersal limitation are major drivers of distance-decay of similarity. Distance-decay of similarity is usually conceptualised and modelled as an isotropic pattern, that is, assuming that similarity decays with the same rate in all directions. Because climatic gradients are markedly anisotropic, that is, they have different strength in different directions, if species distributions were in equilibrium with climate, the decay of assemblage similarity should be anisotropic in the same direction as the climatic gradient, that is, faster turnover in the direction that maximises the climatic gradient. Thus, deviations from equilibrium between assemblage composition and climatic conditions would result in differences in anisotropy between distance-decay of similarity and climatic gradients. We assessed anisotropy in distance-decay patterns in marine plankton assemblages, terrestrial vertebrates and European beetles, using two procedures: (a) measuring the correlation between the residuals of a distance-decay model and the angle in which pairs of sites are separated and (b) computing two separate distance-decay models for each dataset, one using only pairwise cases that are separated on North-South direction and another one using pairwise cases separated on East-West direction. We also analysed whether the degree of anisotropy in distance-decay is related to dispersal ability (proportion of wingless species and body size) and ecological niche characteristics (main habitat and trophic position) by assessing these relationships among beetle taxonomic groups (n = 21). Anisotropy varied markedly across realms and biological groups. Despite climatic gradients being steeper in North-South direction than in East-West direction in all datasets, North-South distance-decays tended to be steeper than East-West distance-decays in plankton and most vertebrate assemblages, but flatter in European amphibians and most beetle groups. Anisotropy also markedly varied across beetle groups depending on their dispersal ability, as the proportion of wingless species explained 60% of the variance in the difference between North-South and East-West distance-decay slopes. Our results suggest that the degree of equilibrium decreases from marine to terrestrial realms, and is markedly different between vertebrates and beetles. This has profound implications on the expected ability of different groups to track their suitable climates, and thus on the impact of climate change on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Baselga
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carola Gómez-Rodríguez
- CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Functional Biology (Area of Ecology), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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129
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Antell GT, Fenton IS, Valdes PJ, Saupe EE. Thermal niches of planktonic foraminifera are static throughout glacial-interglacial climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2017105118. [PMID: 33903233 PMCID: PMC8106293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic niche lability reduces extinction risk by allowing species to adapt to changing environmental conditions in situ. In contrast, species with static niches must keep pace with the velocity of climate change as they track suitable habitat. The rate and frequency of niche lability have been studied on human timescales (months to decades) and geological timescales (millions of years), but lability on intermediate timescales (millennia) remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we quantified abiotic niche lability at 8-ka resolution across the last 700 ka of glacial-interglacial climate fluctuations, using the exceptionally well-known fossil record of planktonic foraminifera coupled with Atmosphere-Ocean Global Climate Model reconstructions of paleoclimate. We tracked foraminiferal niches through time along the univariate axis of mean annual temperature, measured both at the sea surface and at species' depth habitats. Species' temperature preferences were uncoupled from the global temperature regime, undermining a hypothesis of local adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, intraspecific niches were equally similar through time, regardless of climate change magnitude on short timescales (8 ka) and across contrasts of glacial and interglacial extremes. Evolutionary trait models fitted to time series of occupied temperature values supported widespread niche stasis above randomly wandering or directional change. Ecotype explained little variation in species-level differences in niche lability after accounting for evolutionary relatedness. Together, these results suggest that warming and ocean acidification over the next hundreds to thousands of years could redistribute and reduce populations of foraminifera and other calcifying plankton, which are primary components of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gawain T Antell
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN Oxford, United Kingdom,
| | - Isabel S Fenton
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1SS Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Erin E Saupe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN Oxford, United Kingdom,
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130
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Robertson MD, Gao J, Regular PM, Morgan MJ, Zhang F. Lagged recovery of fish spatial distributions following a cold-water perturbation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9513. [PMID: 33947937 PMCID: PMC8096816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous local temperature and extreme events (e.g. heat-waves) can cause rapid change and gradual recovery of local environmental conditions. However, few studies have tested whether species distribution can recover following returning environmental conditions. Here, we tested for change and recovery of the spatial distributions of two flatfish populations, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), in response to consecutive decreasing and increasing water temperature on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland, Canada from 1985 to 2018. Using a Vector Autoregressive Spatiotemporal model, we found the distributions of both species shifted southwards following a period when anomalous cold water covered the northern sections of the Grand Bank. After accounting for density-dependent effects, we observed that yellowtail flounder re-distributed northwards when water temperature returned and exceeded levels recorded before the cold period, while the spatial distribution of American plaice has not recovered. Our study demonstrates nonlinear effects of an environmental factor on species distribution, implying the possibility of irreversible (or hard-to-reverse) changes of species distribution following a rapid change and gradual recovery of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Robertson
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial, University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4920, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3 Canada
| | - J. Gao
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial, University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4920, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3 Canada
| | - P. M. Regular
- grid.23618.3e0000 0004 0449 2129Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 East White Hills Rd., P.O. Box 5667, St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1 Canada
| | - M. J. Morgan
- grid.23618.3e0000 0004 0449 2129Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 East White Hills Rd., P.O. Box 5667, St. John’s, NL A1C 5X1 Canada
| | - F. Zhang
- grid.25055.370000 0000 9130 6822Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial, University of Newfoundland, P.O. Box 4920, St. John’s, NL A1C 5R3 Canada
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131
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Cacabelos E, Neto AI, Martins GM. Gastropods with different development modes respond differently to habitat fragmentation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 167:105287. [PMID: 33657495 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of the human-made structures in coastal ecosystems can determine the spatial distribution or patterns of spatial abundances of marine organisms. To contribute to the understanding of linkages between different components of habitats (i.e. natural and artificial structures), we explored the role of type of larval development (planktotrophic vs. non-planktotrophic) on patterns of spatial variation of gastropods on rocky shores, elucidating the possible responsibility of habitat fragmentation on their distribution. Obtained results suggest that habitat fragmentation affects differently the patterns of variability of species with different types of larval development. Namely, fragmentation caused by artificial structures mostly influence variability of species with non-planktotrophic development. Moreover, although abundance of the species with non-planktotrophic development varied at small spatial scales, suggesting that processes operating at this scale are likely the main drivers of their distribution, changes in species variability were not associated with differences in species abundance among habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cacabelos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; cE3c/GBA-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - A I Neto
- cE3c/GBA-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - G M Martins
- cE3c/GBA-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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132
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Wood G, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Steinberg PD, Vergés A, Coleman MA. Genomic vulnerability of a dominant seaweed points to future-proofing pathways for Australia's underwater forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2200-2212. [PMID: 33511779 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, critical habitats are in decline, threatening ecological, economic and social values and prompting calls for 'future proofing' efforts that enhance resilience to climate change. Such efforts rely on predicting how neutral and adaptive genomic patterns across a species' distribution will change under future climate scenarios, but data is scant for most species of conservation concern. Here, we use seascape genomics to characterise genetic diversity, structure and gene-environmental associations in a dominant forest-forming seaweed, Phyllospora comosa, along its entire latitudinal (12° latitude), and thermal (~14°C) range. Phyllospora showed high connectivity throughout its central range, with evidence of genetic structure and potential selection associated with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at its rear and leading edges. Rear and leading-edge populations harboured only half the genetic diversity of central populations. By modelling genetic turnover as a function of SST, we assessed the genomic vulnerability across Phyllospora's distributional range under climate change scenarios. Despite low diversity, range-edge populations were predicted to harbour beneficial adaptations to marginal conditions and overall adaptability of the species may be compromised by their loss. Assisted gene flow from range edge populations may be required to enhance adaptation and increase resilience of central and leading-edge populations under warming oceans. Understanding genomic vulnerability can inform proactive restoration and future-proofing strategies for underwater forests and ensure their persistence in changing oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Wood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- USC Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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133
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Thermal responses of two sub-Antarctic notothenioid fishes, the black southern cod Patagonotothen tessellata (Richardson, 1845) and the Magellan plunderfish Harpagifer bispinis (Forster, 1801), from southern South America. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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134
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Sbragaglia V, Coco S, Correia RA, Coll M, Arlinghaus R. Analyzing publicly available videos about recreational fishing reveals key ecological and social insights: A case study about groupers in the Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142672. [PMID: 33077204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
iEcology and conservation culturomics are two emerging research approaches that rely on digital data for studying ecological patterns and human-nature interactions. We applied data mining of videos published on YouTube related to recreational fishing of four species of groupers (family: Epinephelidae) in Italy between 2011 and 2017 to learn whether digital user-supplied data help uncover key spatio-temporal ecological patterns characteristic of the studied species. Our results support an ontogenetic deepening of the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) as revealed by a positive relationship between body mass and depth of captures declared in spearfishing videos. In addition, the data support a northward expansion of the white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) because the average latitude associated to the catch was found to be positively correlated with the years when the videos were uploaded on YouTube. Furthermore, the georeferenced data about the white grouper filled a knowledge gap in a well-established international occurrence records dataset. The approach presented here could help mitigating data deficiencies and inform about harvesting patterns shown by recreational anglers and spearfishers. Our work illustrates the value of digital data associated with recreational fishing for advancing fish and fisheries research. The approach can be broadened to larger spatial and temporal scales, and to different species, contributing to a better understanding of macroecological patterns, assessment and conservation of exploited species, and monitoring of recreational fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sbragaglia
- Department of Marine Renewable Resources, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Salvatore Coco
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Viale Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Ricardo A Correia
- Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science (HELICS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Insitute for Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; DBIO & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marta Coll
- Department of Marine Renewable Resources, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, Haus 7, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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135
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Dash P, Tandel RS, Pandey N, Sawant PB, Sarma D, Rawat KD, Chadha NK. Effects of rearing temperature on egg incubation, growth, standard metabolic rate, and thermal tolerance of chocolate mahseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102942. [PMID: 34016361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the effect of temperatures on egg incubation, growth, standard metabolic rate (SMR), and thermal tolerance of a near threatened Himalayan hill stream chocolate mahseer (Neolissochilus hexagonolepis). For the hatching study, eggs were incubated in four temperatures (17, 20, 23, and 26 °C). The total hatching and free-swimming larvae percentage were higher at 23 °C (p < 0.05). Experiment I (for validation of the CTmax method) was carried out by incubating eggs at 17 °C and 23 °C. The CTmax was estimated in response to different warming rates (1-18°C h-1), acclimation temperatures (17 and 23°C), and the age of fishes (8, 15, 35 dph). The results suggested that a warming rate of 18°C h-1 could be used for the thermal tolerance study of yolk-sac larvae (8 dph) and 35 dph larvae, but for free-swimming larvae (15 dph) up to 3°C h-1 is suitable. Experiment II (for growth, SMR and thermal tolerance) was carried by acclimatizing 15 dph larvae in five temperatures (15, 19, 23, 27, and 31 °C) for 60 days. The mean growth rate increased with the increase in temperature from 15°C to 27°C (1.30-3.58% day-1) and decreased at 31°C. The mean SMR of the chocolate mahseer in the above acclimation temperatures was ranged from 1.14 ± 0.36 to 2.81 ± 0.15 μgO2h-1mg-1 and were significantly different (p < 0.01). The Q10 with the SMR of the fish suggested the preferred temperature ranged between 23 and 27 °C, and the optimum temperature for growth (ToptG) was estimated to be 25 °C. Chocolate mahseer is an eurythermal species which is advantageous for aquaculture practices due to its wide thermal tolerance zone (411.68°C2 in 15 to 31 °C acclimation temperature range) and high ARR values (0.49 - 0.54).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Dash
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India.
| | - Ritesh Shantilal Tandel
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Nityanand Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Paramita Banerjee Sawant
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Kiran Dube Rawat
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Narinder Kumar Chadha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Maharastra, 400061, India
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136
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Global warming is causing a more pronounced dip in marine species richness around the equator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015094118. [PMID: 33876750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015094118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The latitudinal gradient in species richness, with more species in the tropics and richness declining with latitude, is widely known and has been assumed to be stable over recent centuries. We analyzed data on 48,661 marine animal species since 1955, accounting for sampling variation, to assess whether the global latitudinal gradient in species richness is being impacted by climate change. We confirm recent studies that show a slight dip in species richness at the equator. Moreover, richness across latitudinal bands was sensitive to temperature, reaching a plateau or declining above a mean annual sea surface temperature of 20 °C for most taxa. In response, since the 1970s, species richness has declined at the equator relative to an increase at midlatitudes and has shifted north in the northern hemisphere, particularly among pelagic species. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that climate change is impacting the latitudinal gradient in marine biodiversity at a global scale. The intensification of the dip in species richness at the equator, especially for pelagic species, suggests that it is already too warm there for some species to survive.
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137
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Aharon-Rotman Y, Perlman G, Kiat Y, Raz T, Balaban A, Iwamura T. Limited flexibility in departure timing of migratory passerines at the East-Mediterranean flyway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5184. [PMID: 33664291 PMCID: PMC7933344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid pace of current global warming lead to the advancement of spring migration in the majority of long-distance migratory bird species. While data on arrival timing to breeding grounds in Europe is plentiful, information from the African departure sites are scarce. Here we analysed changes in arrival timing at a stopover site in Israel and any links to Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) on the species-specific African non-breeding range in three migratory passerines between 2000-2017. Differences in wing length between early and late arriving individuals were also examined as a proxy for migration distance. We found that male redstart, but not females, advanced arrival to stopover site, but interestingly, not as a response to EVI phenology. Blackcap and barred warbler did not shift arrival timing significantly, although the arrival of blackcap was dependent on EVI. Barred warbler from the early arrival phase had longer wings, suggesting different populations. Our study further supports the existence species-specific migration decisions and inter-sexual differences, which may be triggered by both exogenous (local vegetation condition) and endogenous cues. Given rapid rate of changes in environmental conditions at higher latitudes, some migrants may experience difficulty in the race to match global changes to ensure their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Aharon-Rotman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Gidon Perlman
- The Nili and David Jerusalem Bird Observatory, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Kiat
- The Nili and David Jerusalem Bird Observatory, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Raz
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Balaban
- The Nili and David Jerusalem Bird Observatory, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Takuya Iwamura
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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138
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Hamann E, Denney D, Day S, Lombardi E, Jameel MI, MacTavish R, Anderson JT. Review: Plant eco-evolutionary responses to climate change: Emerging directions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110737. [PMID: 33568289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change is exposing plant populations to novel combinations of temperatures, drought stress, [CO2] and other abiotic and biotic conditions. These changes are rapidly disrupting the evolutionary dynamics of plants. Despite the multifactorial nature of climate change, most studies typically manipulate only one climatic factor. In this opinion piece, we explore how climate change factors interact with each other and with biotic pressures to alter evolutionary processes. We evaluate the ramifications of climate change across life history stages,and examine how mating system variation influences population persistence under rapid environmental change. Furthermore, we discuss how spatial and temporal mismatches between plants and their mutualists and antagonists could affect adaptive responses to climate change. For example, plant-virus interactions vary from highly pathogenic to mildly facilitative, and are partly mediated by temperature, moisture availability and [CO2]. Will host plants exposed to novel, stressful abiotic conditions be more susceptible to viral pathogens? Finally, we propose novel experimental approaches that could illuminate how plants will cope with unprecedented global change, such as resurrection studies combined with experimental evolution, genomics or epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hamann
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Derek Denney
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samantha Day
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lombardi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M Inam Jameel
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rachel MacTavish
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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139
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Ramírez F, Pennino MG, Albo-Puigserver M, Steenbeek J, Bellido JM, Coll M. SOS small pelagics: A safe operating space for small pelagic fish in the western Mediterranean Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144002. [PMID: 33277012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable fishing practices must ensure human wellbeing by safeguarding the integrity of marine life-supporting systems. Unfortunately, a significant challenge to fisheries management is that sustainable fishing levels can decline, often synergistically, by co-occurring with climate-driven environmental stressors. Within one of the most impacted marine areas in the world, and encompassing a number of highly targeted commercial species, the small pelagic fish community of the western Mediterranean Sea has recently shown signs of collapse. In this study, we identify a worrying coincidence where fishing hotspots for the commercially valuable European sardine Sardina pilchardus and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus occur in marine areas mostly affected by climate change. To identify these areas, we overlayed detailed, spatially explicit measurements of fishing pressure with the finest-scale maps of cumulative climate change impacts onto these species. According to our results, doubly impacted marine areas largely occur in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, with climate and fisheries mostly affecting European sardine. Reducing local stressors (i.e., fishing pressure) in highly impacted areas may contribute to maintain these communities within a "safe operating space" (SOS), where they remain resilient to climate change. Accordingly, the redistribution and/or reduction of fishing intensity may alleviate pressure in those areas already affected by climate change. Sustainable fishing strategies may benefit, therefore, from the SOS concept and the spatial assessments provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramírez
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marta Albo-Puigserver
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeroen Steenbeek
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII) Research Association, Spain
| | - Jose M Bellido
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Department of Renewable Marine Resources, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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140
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Griffith K, Jenkins SR, Giménez L. Larval tolerance to food limitation is stronger in an exotic barnacle than in its native competitor. ZOOLOGY 2021; 145:125891. [PMID: 33571867 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A critical question in marine ecology is understanding how organisms will cope with environmental conditions under climate change. Increasing temperatures not only have a direct effect on marine organisms but may also lead to food limitation through for example trophic mismatches, or by the increased metabolic demands imposed by developing at high temperatures. Using barnacles from a population of North Wales, we studied the combined effect of temperature and food density on the survival, settlement success, developmental time and body size of larvae of the native barnacle Semibalanus balanoides and its exotic competitor, the barnacle Austrominius modestus. Larvae were reared at similar food levels but at temperature ranges which varied among species reflecting their different phenology and tolerances. For S. balanoides (spring larval release) we used a lower temperature of 9 °C, reflecting spring temperatures from N Wales to SW England, and 15 °C representing warmer conditions; for A. modestus (summer larval release) a typical summer temperature for this geographic range of 15 °C was used with a raised temperature of 18 °C. Larvae were reared under controlled conditions in automated, computer programmable incubators and fed diatoms (Skeletonema costatum) at three food levels. We found stress effects of food limitation on larval performance of S. balanoides. While survival during naupliar development was little affected by food and temperature, low food levels strongly depressed survival and settlement during the cyprid stage of S. balanoides at both tested temperatures, but especially at 15 °C. By contrast, at the tested temperatures little effects were found on survival and settlement success in the exotic A. modestus. Both species delayed development in response to low food levels while S. balanoides cyprids showed decreased body size at the high tested temperature. The main impact occurred as a delayed effect, at the time when cyprids attempt to settle, rather than as an effect on naupliar survival or metamorphosis to the cyprid stage. Response in body size and developmental time may have costs at the time of metamorphosis (delayed settlement) or after metamorphosis. Overall, our experiments suggest that as temperature increases, settlement success of S. balanoides larvae (but not that of its competitor A. modestus) will become more sensitive to conditions of food limitation, imposed for instance by phenological mismatches with periods of phytoplankton peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Griffith
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Giménez
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, LL59 5AB, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom; Marine Station of Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Ostkaje 1118, DE-27498, Helgoland, Germany.
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141
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Riddell EA, Iknayan KJ, Hargrove L, Tremor S, Patton JL, Ramirez R, Wolf BO, Beissinger SR. Exposure to climate change drives stability or collapse of desert mammal and bird communities. Science 2021; 371:633-636. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Riddell
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - K. J. Iknayan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - L. Hargrove
- Department of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
| | - S. Tremor
- Department of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
| | - J. L. Patton
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R. Ramirez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - B. O. Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - S. R. Beissinger
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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142
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Firth LB, Harris D, Blaze JA, Marzloff MP, Boyé A, Miller PI, Curd A, Vasquez M, Nunn JD, O’Connor NE, Power AM, Mieszkowska N, O’Riordan RM, Burrows MT, Bricheno LM, Knights AM, Nunes FLD, Bordeyne F, Bush LE, Byers JE, David C, Davies AJ, Dubois SF, Edwards H, Foggo A, Grant L, Green JAM, Gribben PE, Lima FP, McGrath D, Noël LMLJ, Seabra R, Simkanin C, Hawkins SJ. Specific niche requirements underpin multidecadal range edge stability, but may introduce barriers for climate change adaptation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louise B. Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Daniel Harris
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center San Francisco State University San Francisco CA USA
| | - Julie A. Blaze
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | - Martin P. Marzloff
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | - Aurélien Boyé
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | | | - Amelia Curd
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | - Mickaël Vasquez
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | - Julia D. Nunn
- Centre for Environmental Data & Recording National Museums Northern Ireland Holywood UK
- 2 Windmill Lane Portaferry UK
| | | | - Anne Marie Power
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- Marine Biological Association of the UK Plymouth UK
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Ruth M. O’Riordan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences and Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | | | | | - Antony M. Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Flavia L. D. Nunes
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | - François Bordeyne
- Sorbonne Université Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR AD2M Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin Roscoff France
| | - Laura E. Bush
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Menai Bridge UK
| | - James E. Byers
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | - Carmen David
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | - Andrew J. Davies
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Menai Bridge UK
- College of the Environment and Life Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | - Stanislas F. Dubois
- DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology Ifremer ‐ Centre de Bretagne Plouzané France
| | - Hugh Edwards
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Belfast UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - Lisa Grant
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | | | - Paul E. Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Fernando P. Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade de Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - Laure M. L. J. Noël
- Sorbonne Université Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR AD2M Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin Roscoff France
| | - Rui Seabra
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade de Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - Stephen J. Hawkins
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Marine Biological Association of the UK Plymouth UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton Southampton UK
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143
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Mukherjee T, Sharma LK, Kumar V, Sharief A, Dutta R, Kumar M, Joshi BD, Thakur M, Venkatraman C, Chandra K. Adaptive spatial planning of protected area network for conserving the Himalayan brown bear. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142416. [PMID: 33254933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large mammals that occur in low densities, particularly in the high-altitude areas, are globally threatened due to fragile climatic and ecological envelopes. Among bear species, the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) has a distribution that is restricted to Himalayan highlands with relatively small and fragmented populations. To date, very little scientific information on the Himalayan brown bear, which is vital for the conservation of the species and the management of its habitats, especially in protected areas of the landscape, is available. The present study aims to understand the effectiveness of existing Himalayan Protected Areas in terms of representativeness for the conservation of Himalayan brown bear (HBB), an umbrella species in high-altitude habitats of the Himalayan region. We used the ensemble approach of the species distribution model and then assessed biological connectivity to predict the current and future distribution and movement of HBB in climate change scenarios for the year 2050. Approximately 33 protected areas (PAs) currently possess suitable habitats. Our model suggests a massive decline of approximately 73.38% and 72.87% under 4.5 and 8.5 representative concentration pathway (RCP) respectively in the year 2050 compared with the current distribution. The predicted change in suitability will result in loss of habitats from thirteen PAs; eight will become completely uninhabitable by the year 2050, followed by loss of connectivity in the majority of PAs. Habitat configuration analysis suggested a 40% decline in the number of suitable patches, a reduction in large habitat patches (up to 50%) and aggregation of suitable areas (9%) by 2050, indicating fragmentation. The predicted change in geographic isotherm will result in loss of habitats from thirteen PAs, eight of them will become completely inhabitable. Hence, these PAs may lose their effectiveness and representativeness in achieving the very objective of their existence or conservation goals. Therefore, we recommend adaptive spatial planning for protecting suitable habitats distributed outside the PA for climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Mukherjee
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Sharma
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India; Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Amira Sharief
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India; Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritam Dutta
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Bheem Dutt Joshi
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Mukesh Thakur
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinnadurai Venkatraman
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
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144
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Effect of environmental history on the habitat-forming kelp Macrocystis pyrifera responses to ocean acidification and warming: a physiological and molecular approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2510. [PMID: 33510300 PMCID: PMC7843619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of marine organisms to adapt and/or acclimate to climate change might differ among distinct populations, depending on their local environmental history and phenotypic plasticity. Kelp forests create some of the most productive habitats in the world, but globally, many populations have been negatively impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors. Here, we compare the physiological and molecular responses to ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) of two populations of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera from distinct upwelling conditions (weak vs strong). Using laboratory mesocosm experiments, we found that juvenile Macrocystis sporophyte responses to OW and OA did not differ among populations: elevated temperature reduced growth while OA had no effect on growth and photosynthesis. However, we observed higher growth rates and NO3- assimilation, and enhanced expression of metabolic-genes involved in the NO3- and CO2 assimilation in individuals from the strong upwelling site. Our results suggest that despite no inter-population differences in response to OA and OW, intrinsic differences among populations might be related to their natural variability in CO2, NO3- and seawater temperatures driven by coastal upwelling. Further work including additional populations and fluctuating climate change conditions rather than static values are needed to precisely determine how natural variability in environmental conditions might influence a species' response to climate change.
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145
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Zhang Z, Kass JM, Mammola S, Koizumi I, Li X, Tanaka K, Ikeda K, Suzuki T, Yokota M, Usio N. Lineage‐level distribution models lead to more realistic climate change predictions for a threatened crayfish. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Jamie M. Kass
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Tancha, Onna‐son, Kunigami‐gun Okinawa Japan
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research Institute National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐IRSA) Verbania Pallanza Italy
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Itsuro Koizumi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Xuecao Li
- College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Kazunori Tanaka
- Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Nisikawa Usio
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
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146
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Stein W, Harzsch S. The Neurobiology of Ocean Change - insights from decapod crustaceans. ZOOLOGY 2021; 144:125887. [PMID: 33445148 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere has led to increased warming, acidification and oxygen depletion in the world's oceans, with projected impacts also on ocean salinity. In this perspective article, we highlight potential impacts of these factors on neuronal responses in decapod crustaceans. Decapod crustaceans comprise more than 8,800 marine species which have colonized a wide range of habitats that are particularly affected by global ocean change, including estuarine, intertidal, and coastal areas. Many decapod species have large economic value and high ecological importance because of their global invasive potential and impact on local ecosystems. Global warming has already led to considerable changes in decapod species' behavior and habitat range. Relatively little is known about how the decapod nervous system, which is the ultimate driver of all behaviors, copes with environmental stressors. We use select examples to summarize current findings and evaluate the impact of current and expected environmental changes. While data indicate a surprising robustness against stressors like temperature and pH, we find that only a handful of species have been studied and long-term effects on neuronal activity remain mostly unknown. A further conclusion is that the combined effects of multiple stressors are understudied. We call for greater research efforts towards long-term effects on neuronal physiology and expansion of cross-species comparisons to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stein
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, D-17498 Greifswald, Germany.
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147
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Hua T, Zhao W, Cherubini F, Hu X, Pereira P. Sensitivity and future exposure of ecosystem services to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau of China. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2021; 36:3451-3471. [PMID: 34456507 PMCID: PMC8382670 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Climate change has imposed tremendous impacts on ecosystem services. Recent attempts to quantify such impacts mainly focused on a basin or larger scale, or used limited time periods that largely ignore observations of long-term trends at a fine resolution, thereby affecting the recognition of climate change's effect on ecosystem services. OBJECTIVES This study conducts a detailed and spatially explicit recognition of climate change's effect on ecosystem services and provides an intuitive map for decision-making and climate change adaptation planning. METHODS We used long-term time series of ecosystem service assessments and various future climate scenarios to quantify the sensitivity and future exposure of ecosystem services to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau. RESULTS Carbon sequestration (CS) and habitat quality experience significant growth, while water retention did not show any trend. Sensitivity patterns of these ecosystem services vary largely. For CS, more than half of the pixels showed a positive sensitivity to climate change, even though the degree of sensitivity is not high. There is substantial spatial heterogeneity in the exposure of ecosystem services to future climate changes, and high levels of future climate change increase the intensity of exposure. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the complex spatial association between ecosystem services and climatic drivers, and these findings can help optimize local response strategies in the context of global warming. For example, the existing protected areas have notable conservation gaps for disturbance of future climate change on ecosystem services, especially in the southeastern part of the study area. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01320-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Francesco Cherubini
- Industrial Ecology Programme and Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiangping Hu
- Industrial Ecology Programme and Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
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148
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MOORE CHRIS, MORLEY JAMESW, MORRISON BRIAN, KOLIAN MICHAEL, HORSCH ERIC, FRÖLICHER THOMAS, PINSKY MALINL, GRIFFIS ROGER. ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON 16 MAJOR US FISHERIES. CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS 2020; N/A:10.1142/s2010007821500020. [PMID: 33628400 PMCID: PMC7900876 DOI: 10.1142/s2010007821500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Observational evidence shows marine species are shifting their geographic distribution in response to warming ocean temperatures. These shifts have implications for the US fisheries and seafood consumers. The analysis presented here employs a two-stage inverse demand model to estimate the consumer welfare impacts of projected increases or decreases in commercial landings for 16 US fisheries from 2021 to 2100, based on the predicted changes in thermally available habitat. The fisheries analyzed together account for 56% of the current US commercial fishing revenues. The analysis compares welfare impacts under two climate scenarios: a high emissions case that assumes limited efforts to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas and a low emissions case that assumes more stringent mitigation. The present value of consumer surplus impacts when discounted at 3% is a net loss of $2.1 billion (2018 US$) in the low emissions case and $4.2 billion in the high emissions scenario. Projected annual losses reach $278-901 million by 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHRIS MOORE
- National Center for Environmental Economics, United States Environmental Protection Agency 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW (MC 1809T), Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - JAMES W. MORLEY
- Department of Biology, Coastal Studies Institute, East Carolina University, ECU Outer Banks Campus 850 NC 345, Wanchese, NC 27981, USA
| | - BRIAN MORRISON
- Industrial Economics, Incorporated, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - ERIC HORSCH
- Industrial Economics, Incorporated, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - THOMAS FRÖLICHER
- Climate and Environmental Physics Division (CEP), Physics Institute, University of Bern Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - MALIN L. PINSKY
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - ROGER GRIFFIS
- Office of Science and Technology National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1335 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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149
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Bowler DE, Kvasnes MAJ, Pedersen HC, Sandercock BK, Nilsen EB. Impacts of predator-mediated interactions along a climatic gradient on the population dynamics of an alpine bird. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202653. [PMID: 33352076 PMCID: PMC7779518 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to classic theory, species' population dynamics and distributions are less influenced by species interactions under harsh climatic conditions compared to under more benign climatic conditions. In alpine and boreal ecosystems in Fennoscandia, the cyclic dynamics of rodents strongly affect many other species, including ground-nesting birds such as ptarmigan. According to the ‘alternative prey hypothesis’ (APH), the densities of ground-nesting birds and rodents are positively associated due to predator–prey dynamics and prey-switching. However, it remains unclear how the strength of these predator-mediated interactions change along a climatic harshness gradient in comparison with the effects of climatic variation. We built a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate the sensitivity of ptarmigan populations to interannual variation in climate and rodent occurrence across Norway during 2007–2017. Ptarmigan abundance was positively linked with rodent occurrence, consistent with the APH. Moreover, we found that the link between ptarmigan abundance and rodent dynamics was strongest in colder regions. Our study highlights how species interactions play an important role in population dynamics of species at high latitudes and suggests that they can become even more important in the most climatically harsh regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Bowler
- Department of Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Putschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. 5685 Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mikkel A J Kvasnes
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. 5685 Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans C Pedersen
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. 5685 Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brett K Sandercock
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. 5685 Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erlend B Nilsen
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. 5685 Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway.,Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Steinkjer, Norway
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150
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Guan Y, Lu H, Yin C, Xue Y, Jiang Y, Kang Y, He L, Heiskanen J. Vegetation response to climate zone dynamics and its impacts on surface soil water content and albedo in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141537. [PMID: 32795808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has focused on the response of vegetation to climate change, including potential mechanisms and resulting impacts. Although many studies have explored the relationship between vegetation and climate change in China, research on spatiotemporal distribution changes of climate regimes using natural vegetation as an indicator is still lacking. Further, limited information is available on the response of vegetation to shifts in China's regional climatic zones. In this study, we applied Mann-Kendall, and correlation analysis to examine the variabilities in temperature, precipitation, surface soil water, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and albedo in China from 1982 to 2012. Our results indicate significant shifts in the distribution of Köppen-Geiger climate classes in China from 12.08% to 18.98% between 1983 and 2012 at a significance level of 0.05 (MK). The percentage areas in the arid and continental zones expanded at a rate of 0.004%/y and 0.12%/y, respectively, while the percentage area in the temperate and alpine zones decreased by -0.05%/y and - 0.07%/y. Sensitivity fitting results between simulated and observed changes identified temperature to be a dominant control on the dynamics of temperate (r2 = 0.98) and alpine (r2 = 0.968) zones, while precipitation was the dominant control on the changes of arid (r2 = 0.856) and continental (r2 = 0.815) zones. The response of the NDVI to albedo infers a more pronounced radiative response in temperate (r = -0.82, p < .01) and alpine (r = -0.476, p < .05) compared to arid and continental zones. Furthermore, we identified more pronounced monthly increasing trends in NDVI and soil water, corresponding to weak changes in albedo during vegetation growing periods. Our results suggest that climate zone shifting has considerable impacts on the vegetation in China and will have larger ecological impacts through radiative or non-radiative feedback mechanisms in future warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuang Yin
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yelin Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yu Kang
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety at Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Janne Heiskanen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
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