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Zhao Z, Cai M, Wang F, Winkler JA, Connor T, Chung MG, Zhang J, Yang H, Xu Z, Tang Y, Ouyang Z, Zhang H, Liu J. Synergies and tradeoffs among Sustainable Development Goals across boundaries in a metacoupled world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141749. [PMID: 32890805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synergies and tradeoffs among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within specific locations have been widely studied. However, there is little understanding of SDG synergies and tradeoffs across spatial/administrative boundaries although the world is increasingly interconnected and the United Nations aims to achieve SDGs everywhere by 2030. To fill such an important gap, we introduce a new theoretical framework and develop a general procedure of applying the framework to empirically evaluate SDG synergies and tradeoffs within and across boundaries, based on the concept of metacoupling. We work through our framework using the examples of tourism and panda loans between the globally important Wolong Nature Reserve for panda conservation and the rest of the world to evaluate their effects on six SDGs in Wolong and the other 66 panda reserves. Our analyses uncover a total of 17 synergies and two tradeoffs, of which 10 synergies and one tradeoff are internal to Wolong, while seven synergies and one tradeoff occur across reserve boundaries. Given the first empirical evidence about cross-boundary synergies and tradeoffs, it is our hope that this study provides a foundation for further research to reveal more SDG synergies and tradeoffs across boundaries worldwide. The findings will be essential to enhance SDG synergies and reduce tradeoffs across boundaries for achieving SDGs everywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810016, China
| | - Meng Cai
- School of Planning, Design and Construction, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julie A Winkler
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Thomas Connor
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Min Gon Chung
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637009, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, United States
| | - Zhenci Xu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Maisey AC, Haslem A, Leonard SWJ, Bennett AF. Foraging by an avian ecosystem engineer extensively modifies the litter and soil layer in forest ecosystems. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02219. [PMID: 32810887 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem engineers physically modify their environment, thereby altering habitats for other organisms. Increasingly, "engineers" are recognized as an important focus for conservation and ecological restoration because their actions affect a range of ecosystem processes and thereby influence how ecosystems function. The Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae is proposed as an ecosystem engineer in forests of southeastern Australia due to the volume of soil and litter it turns over when foraging. We measured the seasonal and spatial patterns of foraging by Lyrebirds and the amount of soil displaced in forests in the Central Highlands, Victoria. We tested the effects of foraging on litter, soil nutrients and soil physical properties by using an experimental approach with three treatments: Lyrebird exclusion, Lyrebird exclusion with simulated foraging, and non-exclusion reference plots. Treatments were replicated in three forest types in each of three forest blocks. Lyrebirds foraged extensively in all forest types in all seasons. On average, Lyrebirds displaced 155.7 Mg/ha of litter and soil in a 12-month period. Greater displacement occurred where vegetation complexity (<50 cm height) was low. After two years of Lyrebird exclusion, soil compaction (top 7.5 cm) increased by 37% in exclusion plots compared with baseline measures, while in unfenced plots it decreased by 22%. Litter depth was almost three times greater in fenced than unfenced plots. Soil moisture, pH, and soil nutrients showed no difference between treatments. The enormous extent of litter and soil turned over by the Superb Lyrebird is unparalleled by any other vertebrate soil engineer in terrestrial ecosystems globally. The profound influence of such foraging activity on forest ecosystems is magnified by its year-round pattern and widespread distribution. The disturbance regime that Lyrebirds impose has implications for diverse ecosystem processes including decomposition and nutrient cycling, the composition of litter- and soil-dwelling invertebrate communities, the shaping of ground-layer vegetation patterns, and fire behavior and post-fire ecosystem recovery. Maintaining Lyrebird populations as a key facilitator of ecosystem function is now timely and critical as unprecedented wildfires in eastern Australia in summer 2019-2020 have severely burned ~12 million ha of forest, including ~30% of the geographic range of the Superb Lyrebird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Maisey
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angie Haslem
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven W J Leonard
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, GPO Box 44, Hobart, 7001, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew F Bennett
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
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103
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Verdon SJ, Mitchell WF, Clarke MF. Can flexible timing of harvest for translocation reduce the impact on fluctuating source populations? WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextSpecies translocations are used in conservation globally. Although harvest for translocation may have negative impacts on source populations, translocation programs rarely explore ways of minimising those impacts. In fluctuating source populations, harvest timing may affect its impact because population size and trajectory vary among years.
AimsWe explored whether the timing and scale of harvest can be altered to reduce its impact on a fluctuating source population of Mallee Emu-wrens, Stipiturus mallee; an endangered passerine in south-eastern Australia. Mallee Emu-wren populations fluctuate with ~5–10-year drought–rain cycles.
MethodsWe used population viability analysis (PVA) to compare the impact of five harvest scales (no harvest, 100, 200, 300 or 500 individuals) under three population trajectories (increasing, stable or decreasing) and two initial population sizes (our model-based estimate of the population size and the lower 95% confidence interval of that estimate). To generate a model-based estimate of the population size, we surveyed 540 sites (9ha), stratified according to environmental variables known to affect Mallee Emu-wren occurrence. We used an information-theoretic approach with N-mixture models to estimate Mallee Emu-wren density, and extrapolated results over all potential habitat.
Key ResultsWe estimate that in spring 2019, the source population consisted of 6449 individuals, with a minimum of 1923 individuals (lower 95% confidence interval). Of 48 harvest scenarios, only seven showed no impact of harvest within 5 years (15%). Those seven all had increasing population trajectories and carrying capacity set to equal initial population size. Twenty-six populations showed no impact of harvest within 25 years (54%). These were either increasing populations that had reached carrying capacity or decreasing populations nearing extinction.
ConclusionsInitial population size, carrying capacity, harvest scale and population trajectory were all determinants of harvest impact. Given the importance of carrying capacity, further research is required to determine its role in the Mallee Emu-wren source population.
ImplicationsHarvesting Mallee Emu-wrens after high-rainfall years will have the least impact because source populations are likely to be large with increasing trajectories. For fluctuating source populations, flexibility in the timing of harvest can reduce its impact and should be considered during translocation planning.
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Raes N, Casino A, Goodson H, Islam S, Koureas D, Schiller E, Schulman L, Tilley L, Robertson T. White paper on the alignment and interoperability between the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) and EU infrastructures - The case of the European Environment Agency (EEA). RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e62361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) Research Infrastructure (RI) is presently in its preparatory phase. DiSSCo is developing a new distributed RI to operate as a one-stop-shop for the envisaged European Natural Science Collection (NSC) and all its derived information. Through mass digitisation, DiSSCo will transform the fragmented landscape of NSCs, including an estimated 1.5 billion specimens, into an integrated knowledge base that will provide interconnected evidence of the natural world. Data derived from European NSCs underpin countless discoveries and innovations, including tens of thousands of scholarly publications and official reports annually (supporting legislative and regulatory processes on sustainability, environmental change, land use, societal infrastructure, health, food, security, etc.); base-line biodiversity data; inventions and products essential to bio-economy; databases, maps and descriptions of scientific observations; educational material for students; and instructive and informative resources for the public. To expand the user community, DiSSCo will strengthen capacity building across Europe for maximum engagement of stakeholders in the biodiversity-related field and beyond, including industry and the private sector, but also policy-driving entities. Hence, it is opportune to reach out to relevant stakeholders in the European environmental policy domain represented by the European Environment Agency (EEA). The EEA aims to support sustainable development by helping to achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europe's environment, through the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy-making agents and the public. The EEA provides information through the European Environment Information and Observation System (Eionet). The aim of this white paper is to open the discussion between DiSSCo and the EEA and identify the common service interests that are relevant for the European environmental policy domain. The first section describes the significance of (digital) Natural Science Collections (NHCs). Section two describes the DiSSCo programme with all DiSSCo aligned projects. Section three provides background information on the EEA and the biodiversity infrastructures that are developed and maintained by the EEA. The fourth section illustrates a number of use cases where the DiSSCo consortium sees opportunities for interaction between the DiSSCo RI and the Eionet portal of the EEA. Opening the discussion with the EEA in this phase of maturity of DiSSCo will ensure that the infrastructural design of DiSSCo and the development of e-Services accommodate the present and future needs of the EEA and assure data interoperability between the two infrastructures.
The aim of this white paper is to present benefits from identifying the common service interests of DiSSCo and the EEA. A brief introduction to natural science collections as well as the two actors is given to facilitate the understanding of the needs and possibilities in the alignment of DiSSCo with the EEA.
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105
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Sigaud M, Mason THE, Barnier F, Cherry SG, Fortin D. Emerging conflict between conservation programmes: when a threatened vertebrate facilitates the dispersal of exotic species in a rare plant community. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sigaud
- Département de Biologie et Centre d’Étude de la Forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama Japan
| | - T. H. E. Mason
- Département de Biologie et Centre d’Étude de la Forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - F. Barnier
- Département de Biologie et Centre d’Étude de la Forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | - S. G. Cherry
- Parks Canada Agency Radium Hot Springs BC Canada
| | - D. Fortin
- Département de Biologie et Centre d’Étude de la Forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
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Buisson E, Fidelis A, Overbeck GE, Schmidt IB, Durigan G, Young TP, Alvarado ST, Arruda AJ, Boisson S, Bond W, Coutinho A, Kirkman K, Oliveira RS, Schmitt MH, Siebert F, Siebert SJ, Thompson DI, Silveira FAO. A research agenda for the restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands and savannas. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Buisson
- Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie ‐ IMBE, CNRS, IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, AGROPARC BP61207 Avignon cedex 9 84911 France
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Av. 24A, 1515 Rio Claro SP 13506‐900 Brazil
| | - Gerhard E. Overbeck
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Isabel B. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasilia Brazil
| | - Giselda Durigan
- Floresta Estadual de Assis Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo P.O. Box 104 Assis SP 19802‐970 Brazil
| | - Truman P. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
| | | | - André J. Arruda
- Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie ‐ IMBE, CNRS, IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, AGROPARC BP61207 Avignon cedex 9 84911 France
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP Belo Horizonte MG 31270‐901 Brazil
| | - Sylvain Boisson
- Université de Liège Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech Biodiversity and Landscape, TERRA Gembloux Belgium
| | - William Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - André Coutinho
- Ecology Graduate Program University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília DF 70.910‐900 Brazil
| | - Kevin Kirkman
- School of Life Science University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg KwaZulu‐Natal South Africa
| | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Melissa H. Schmitt
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientific Services Kruger National Park Private Bag X1021 Phalaborwa 1390 South Africa
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA U.S.A
| | - Frances Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University 11 Hoffman Street Potchefstroom North‐West 2531 South Africa
| | - Stefan J. Siebert
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University 11 Hoffman Street Potchefstroom North‐West 2531 South Africa
| | - Dave I. Thompson
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientific Services Kruger National Park Private Bag X1021 Phalaborwa 1390 South Africa
- School of Geography, Archaeology, and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 South Africa
| | - Fernando A. O. Silveira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP Belo Horizonte MG 31270‐901 Brazil
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Efrat R, Hatzofe O, Miller Y, Berger‐Tal O. Determinants of survival in captive‐bred Griffon Vultures
Gyps fulvus
after their release to the wild. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Efrat
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Israel
| | - Ohad Hatzofe
- Science Division Israel Nature and Parks Authority Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ygal Miller
- Science Division Israel Nature and Parks Authority Jerusalem Israel
| | - Oded Berger‐Tal
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Israel
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108
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Napolitano M, Covasa M. Microbiota Transplant in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590370. [PMID: 33304339 PMCID: PMC7693552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has revealed the critical role of the gut microbiota in health and disease. Many chronic diseases have been associated with gut microbiota imbalance in its composition, diversity and functional capacity. Several types of interventions have been shown to correct microbiota imbalance and restore the beneficial metabolic outcomes of a normal microbiota. Among them, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emergent, promising technology employed to improve clinical outcomes of various pathological conditions through modifications in the gut microbiota composition. FMT has been used successfully as a treatment option in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, a condition characterized by severe gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the potential usage of FMT in other microbiota-associated conditions different from C. difficile such as metabolic syndrome or obesity that are also marked by gut dysbiosis is still under investigation. Furthermore, the contribution of the gut microbiota as a cause or consequence in metabolic disease is still largely debated. This review provides critical information on the methodological approaches of FMT and its technological innovation in clinical applications. This review sheds light on the current findings and gaps in our understanding of how FMT can be used as a future biotherapeutic to restore microbial homeostasis in amelioration of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Napolitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.,Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan Cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
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109
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Adams AJ, Pessier A, Cranston P, Grasso RL. Chytridiomycosis-induced mortality in a threatened anuran. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241119. [PMID: 33156870 PMCID: PMC7647137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively planning conservation introductions involves assessing the
suitability of both donor and recipient populations, including the landscape of
disease risk. Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused extensive
amphibian declines globally and may hamper reintroduction attempts. To determine
Bd dynamics in potential source populations for conservation translocations of
the threatened California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) to
Yosemite National Park, we conducted Bd sampling in two populations in the
foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, U.S.A. At one of two
sites, we observed lethally high Bd loads in early post-metamorphic life stages
and confirmed one chytridiomycosis-induced mortality, the first such report for
this species. These results informed source population site selection for
subsequent R. draytonii conservation
translocations. Conservation efforts aimed at establishing new populations of
R. draytonii in a landscape where Bd is
ubiquitous can benefit from an improved understanding of risk through disease
monitoring and ex situ infection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Adams
- Yosemite National Park, El Portal, California, United States of
America
- Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Allan Pessier
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United
States of America
| | - Peggy Cranston
- Mother Lode Field Office, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Fair Oaks,
California, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Grasso
- Yosemite National Park, El Portal, California, United States of
America
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110
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Klop‐Toker K, Clulow S, Shuttleworth C, Hayward MW. Are novel ecosystems the only novelty of rewilding? Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Klop‐Toker
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Simon Clulow
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Matt W. Hayward
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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111
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Laskin DN, Watt D, Whittington J, Heuer K. Designing a fence that enables free passage of wildlife while containing reintroduced bison: a multispecies evaluation. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dillon Watt
- D. Watt (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-5460)
| | | | - Karsten Heuer
- K. Heuer (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-5116), Parks Canada, Banff National Park, Box 900, Banff, AB, T1L 1K2, Canada
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112
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Creating proxies of extinct species: the bioethics of de-extinction. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 3:731-735. [PMID: 32915217 DOI: 10.1042/etls20190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In April 2013 the National Geographic magazine carried the cover title 'Reviving extinct species, we can, but should we?' suggesting that the technical challenges had been met, but some ethical concerns remained unresolved. Seven years later it is clear that this is not the case. Here we consider the technical scope, the uncertainties, and some of the bioethical issues raised by the future prospect of de-extinction. Biodiversity and welfare will not always align, and when a clash is unavoidable, a trade-off will be necessary, seeking the greatest overall value. De-extinction challenges our current conservation mind-set that seeks to preserve the species and population diversity that currently exists. But if we want to sustain and enhance a biodiverse natural world we might have to be forward looking and embrace the notion of bio-novelty by focussing more on ecosystem stability and resilience, rather than backward looking and seeking to try and recreate lost worlds.
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113
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Bavin D, MacPherson J, Denman H, Crowley SL, McDonald RA. Using Q‐methodology to understand stakeholder perspectives on a carnivore translocation. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Bavin
- Vincent Wildlife Trust Ledbury UK
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | | | | | - Sarah L. Crowley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK
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Dhyani S, Bartlett D, Kadaverugu R, Dasgupta R, Pujari P, Verma P. Integrated climate sensitive restoration framework for transformative changes to sustainable land restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dhyani
- CSIR‐National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Debbie Bartlett
- University of Greenwich Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime Kent ME4 4TB UK
| | - Rakesh Kadaverugu
- CSIR‐National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Rajarshi Dasgupta
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2108‐11 Kanagawa 240‐0115 Japan
| | - Paras Pujari
- CSIR‐National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Parikshit Verma
- CSIR‐National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
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Samantha LD, Tee SL, Kamarudin N, Lechner AM, Azhar B. Assessing habitat requirements of Asian tapir in forestry landscapes: Implications for conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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116
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Newbold T, Tittensor DP, Harfoot MBJ, Scharlemann JPW, Purves DW. Non-linear changes in modelled terrestrial ecosystems subjected to perturbations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14051. [PMID: 32820228 PMCID: PMC7441154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed ecosystems may undergo rapid and non-linear changes, resulting in 'regime shifts' to an entirely different ecological state. The need to understand the extent, nature, magnitude and reversibility of these changes is urgent given the profound effects that humans are having on the natural world. General ecosystem models, which simulate the dynamics of ecosystems based on a mechanistic representation of ecological processes, provide one novel way to project ecosystem changes across all scales and trophic levels, and to forecast impact thresholds beyond which irreversible changes may occur. We model ecosystem changes in four terrestrial biomes subjected to human removal of plant biomass, such as occurs through agricultural land-use change. We find that irreversible, non-linear responses commonly occur where removal of vegetation exceeds 80% (a level that occurs across nearly 10% of the Earth's land surface), especially for organisms at higher trophic levels and in less productive ecosystems. Very large, irreversible changes to ecosystem structure are expected at levels of vegetation removal akin to those in the most intensively used real-world ecosystems. Our results suggest that the projected twenty-first century rapid increases in agricultural land conversion may lead to widespread trophic cascades and in some cases irreversible changes to ecosystem structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Newbold
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK. .,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Derek P Tittensor
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK.,Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael B J Harfoot
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Jörn P W Scharlemann
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Drew W Purves
- Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK.,DeepMind, 6 Pancras Square, London, N1C 4AG, UK
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117
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Spatial patterns of the first groups of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) reintroduced in South America. Trop Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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118
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Rayne A, Byrnes G, Collier‐Robinson L, Hollows J, McIntosh A, Ramsden M, Rupene M, Tamati‐Elliffe P, Thoms C, Steeves TE. Centring Indigenous knowledge systems to re‐imagine conservation translocations. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Rayne
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Greg Byrnes
- Te Kōhaka o Tūhaitara Trust Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | | | - Angus McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Makarini Rupene
- Environment Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
- Ngāi Tahu Research Centre University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Channell Thoms
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Tammy E. Steeves
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
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119
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120
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Ritchie AD, Lane IG, Cariveau DP. Pollination of a bee‐dependent forb in restored prairie: no evidence of pollen limitation in landscapes dominated by row crop agriculture. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Ritchie
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 500 Lafayette Road St. Paul MN 55155 U.S.A
| | - Ian G. Lane
- Department of Entomology University of Minnesota 1980 Folwell Avenue, 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
| | - Daniel P. Cariveau
- Department of Entomology University of Minnesota 1980 Folwell Avenue, 219 Hodson Hall St. Paul MN 55108 U.S.A
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121
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Gregr EJ, Christensen V, Nichol L, Martone RG, Markel RW, Watson JC, Harley CDG, Pakhomov EA, Shurin JB, Chan KMA. Cascading social-ecological costs and benefits triggered by a recovering keystone predator. Science 2020; 368:1243-1247. [PMID: 32527830 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Predator recovery often leads to ecosystem change that can trigger conflicts with more recently established human activities. In the eastern North Pacific, recovering sea otters are transforming coastal systems by reducing populations of benthic invertebrates and releasing kelp forests from grazing pressure. These changes threaten established shellfish fisheries and modify a variety of other ecosystem services. The diverse social and economic consequences of this trophic cascade are unknown, particularly across large regions. We developed and applied a trophic model to predict these impacts on four ecosystem services. Results suggest that sea otter presence yields 37% more total ecosystem biomass annually, increasing the value of finfish [+9.4 million Canadian dollars (CA$)], carbon sequestration (+2.2 million CA$), and ecotourism (+42.0 million CA$). To the extent that these benefits are realized, they will exceed the annual loss to invertebrate fisheries (-$7.3 million CA$). Recovery of keystone predators thus not only restores ecosystems but can also affect a range of social, economic, and ecological benefits for associated communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Gregr
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- SciTech Environmental Consulting, 2136 Napier St., Vancouver, BC V5L 2N9, Canada
| | - Villy Christensen
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Linda Nichol
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd., Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Rebecca G Martone
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Outer Shores Expeditions, P.O. Box 361, Cobble Hill, BC V0R 1L0, Canada
| | - Russell W Markel
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Outer Shores Expeditions, P.O. Box 361, Cobble Hill, BC V0R 1L0, Canada
| | - Jane C Watson
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 5th St. Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada
| | - Christopher D G Harley
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada
| | - Evgeny A Pakhomov
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Shurin
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0116, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kai M A Chan
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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122
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Forbes E, Alagona PS, Adams AJ, Anderson SE, Brown KC, Colby J, Cooper SD, Denny SM, Hiroyasu EHT, Heilmayr R, Kendall BE, Martin JA, Hardesty-Moore M, Mychajliw AM, Tyrrell BP, Welch ZS. Analogies for a No-Analog World: Tackling Uncertainties in Reintroduction Planning. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:551-554. [PMID: 32416950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Species reintroductions involve considerable uncertainty, especially in highly altered landscapes. Historical, geographic, and taxonomic analogies can help reduce this uncertainty by enabling conservationists to better assess habitat suitability in proposed reintroduction sites. We illustrate this approach using the example of the California grizzly, an iconic species proposed for reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElizabethS Forbes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Peter S Alagona
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4160, USA.
| | - Andrea J Adams
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3060, USA
| | - Sarah E Anderson
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA; Department of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Kevin C Brown
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4160, USA
| | - Jolie Colby
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9490, USA
| | - Scott D Cooper
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Sean M Denny
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Elizabeth H T Hiroyasu
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA; The Nature Conservancy California, 445 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1950, Los Angeles, CA 90071, USA
| | - Robert Heilmayr
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4160, USA; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Bruce E Kendall
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
| | - Jennifer A Martin
- Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4160, USA
| | - Molly Hardesty-Moore
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Alexis M Mychajliw
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73019, USA; La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, 5801 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Brian P Tyrrell
- Department of History, Reed College, 3203 Southeast Woodstock Blvd, Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, USA; Committee on Environmental Studies, Reed College, 3203 Southeast Woodstock Blvd, Portland, Oregon 97202-8199, USA
| | - Zoë S Welch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
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123
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Hunter‐Ayad J, Ohlemüller R, Recio MR, Seddon PJ. Reintroduction modelling: A guide to choosing and combining models for species reintroductions. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariano R. Recio
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry Unit of Biodiversity and Conservation Rey Juan Carlos University Móstoles Madrid Spain
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124
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Ryerson WG. Captivity Affects Head Morphology and Allometry in Headstarted Garter Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:476-486. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn response to the growing number of amphibian and reptiles species in decline, many conservation managers have implemented captive breeding and headstarting programs in an effort to restore these populations. However, many of these programs suffer from low survival success, and it is often unclear as to why some individuals do not survive after reintroduction. Here I document changes to head morphology in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in response to time spent in captivity. Thamnophis raised on three diet treatments all differed in head size from wild individuals, and head size differed between the three treatments. Overall, head size was smaller in all three diet treatments than in wild snakes, potentially limiting the available prey for the captive garter snakes. Allometric patterns of growth in head size were also different for each diet treatment. Several potential implications of these changes in morphology are discussed, and what these changes may mean for other species that are part of headstarting and reintroduction programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Ryerson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Anselm College, 100 Saint Anselm Drive, Manchester, NH 03102, USA
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125
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Abstract
The human body is an ecosystem that is home to a complex array of microbes known as the microbiome or microbiota. This ecosystem plays an important role in human health, but as a result of recent lifestyle changes occurring around the planet, whole populations are seeing a major shift in their gut microbiota. Measures meant to kill or limit exposure to pathogenic microbes, such as antibiotics and sanitation, combined with other factors such as processed food, have had unintended consequences for the human microbial ecosystem, including changes that may be difficult to reverse. Microbiota alteration and the accompanying loss of certain functional attributes might result in the microbial communities of people living in industrialized societies being suboptimal for human health. As macroecologists, conservationists, and climate scientists race to document, understand, predict, and delay global changes in our wider environment, microbiota scientists may benefit by using analogous approaches to study and protect our intimate microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica D Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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126
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Mittelman P, Kreischer C, Pires AS, Fernandez FAS. Agouti reintroduction recovers seed dispersal of a large‐seeded tropical tree. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mittelman
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Catharina Kreischer
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alexandra S. Pires
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brazil
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127
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Van Houtan KS, Gagne T, Jenkins CN, Joppa L. Sentiment Analysis of Conservation Studies Captures Successes of Species Reintroductions. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100005. [PMID: 33205082 PMCID: PMC7660424 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Learning from the rapidly growing body of scientific articles is constrained by human bandwidth. Existing methods in machine learning have been developed to extract knowledge from human language and may automate this process. Here, we apply sentiment analysis, a type of natural language processing, to facilitate a literature review in reintroduction biology. We analyzed 1,030,558 words from 4,313 scientific abstracts published over four decades using four previously trained lexicon-based models and one recursive neural tensor network model. We find frequently used terms share both a general and a domain-specific value, with either positive (success, protect, growth) or negative (threaten, loss, risk) sentiment. Sentiment trends suggest that reintroduction studies have become less variable and increasingly successful over time and seem to capture known successes and challenges for conservation biology. This approach offers promise for rapidly extracting explicit and latent information from a large corpus of scientific texts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. Van Houtan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tyler Gagne
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Clinton N. Jenkins
- IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Rod. Dom Pedro I, km 47, Caixa Postal 47, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo 12960-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Joppa
- Microsoft, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98075, USA
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128
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Mata L, Ramalho CE, Kennedy J, Parris KM, Valentine L, Miller M, Bekessy S, Hurley S, Cumpston Z. Bringing nature back into cities. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mata
- Centre for Urban Research School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Cristina E. Ramalho
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Jade Kennedy
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences The University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Kirsten M. Parris
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Leonie Valentine
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Maddison Miller
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning Heritage Victoria East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Sarah Bekessy
- Centre for Urban Research School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Sarrah Hurley
- Centre for Urban Research School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Zena Cumpston
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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129
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Hahn EE, Klimova A, MUNGUÍA‐VEGA ADRIÁN, Clark KB, Culver M. Use of Museum Specimens to Refine Historical Pronghorn Subspecies Boundaries. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Hahn
- The University of Arizona, Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | | | - ADRIÁN MUNGUÍA‐VEGA
- The University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Kevin B. Clark
- San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego CA 92112‐1390 USA
| | - Melanie Culver
- U.S. Geological Survey The University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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130
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Nordén J, Abrego N, Boddy L, Bässler C, Dahlberg A, Halme P, Hällfors M, Maurice S, Menkis A, Miettinen O, Mäkipää R, Ovaskainen O, Penttilä R, Saine S, Snäll T, Junninen K. Ten principles for conservation translocations of threatened wood-inhabiting fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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131
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Ryan CM, Hobbs RJ, Valentine LE. Bioturbation by a reintroduced digging mammal reduces fuel loads in an urban reserve. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02018. [PMID: 31596973 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Digging animals may alter many characteristics of their environment as they disrupt and modify the ground's surface by creating foraging pits or burrows. Extensive disturbance to the soil and litter layer changes litter distribution and availability, potentially altering fuel loads. In many landscapes, including peri-urban areas, fire management to reduce fuel loads is complex and challenging. The reintroduction of previously common digging animals, many of which are now threatened, may have the added benefit of reducing fuel loads. We experimentally examined how the reintroduction of a marsupial bandicoot, quenda (Isoodon fusciventer), altered surface fuel loads in an urban bush reserve in Perth, Western Australia. Foraging activities of quenda (where they dig for subterranean food) were substantial throughout the reserve, creating a visibly patchy distribution in surface litter. Further, in open plots where quenda had access, compared to fenced plots where quenda were excluded, quenda foraging significantly reduced litter cover and litter depth. Similarly, estimated surface fuel loads were nearly halved in open plots where quenda foraged compared to fenced plots where quenda were absent (3.6 cf. 6.4 Mg/ha). Fire behavior modeling, using the estimated surface fuel loads, indicated the predicted rate of spread of fire were significantly lower for open plots where quenda foraged compared to fenced plots under both low (29.2 cf. 51.4 m/h; total fuels) and high (74.3 cf. 130.4 m/h; total fuels) fire conditions. Although many environments require fire, including the bushland where this study occurred, fire management can be a considerable challenge in many landscapes, including urban bushland reserves, which are usually small and close to human infrastructure. The reintroduction of previously common digging species may have potential value as a complimentary tool for reducing fuel loads, and potentially, fire risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - R J Hobbs
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - L E Valentine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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133
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134
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Monsarrat S, Jarvie S, Svenning JC. Anthropocene refugia: integrating history and predictive modelling to assess the space available for biodiversity in a human-dominated world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190219. [PMID: 31679484 PMCID: PMC6863493 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During periods of strong environmental change, some areas may serve as refugia, where components of biodiversity can find protection, persist and potentially expand from should conditions again become favourable. The refugia concept has previously been used in the context of climatic change, to describe climatically stable areas in which taxa survived past Quaternary glacial-interglacial oscillations, or where they might persist in the future under anthropogenic climate change. However, with the recognition that Earth has entered the Anthropocene, an era in which human activities are the dominant driving force on ecosystems, it is critical to also consider human pressures on the environment as factors limiting species distributions. Here, we present a novel concept, Anthropocene refugia, to refer to areas that provide spatial and temporal protection from human activities and that will remain suitable for a given taxonomic unit in the long-term. It integrates a deep-time perspective on species biogeography that provides information on the natural rather than current-day relictual distribution of species, with spatial information on modern and future anthropogenic threats. We define the concept and propose a methodology to effectively identify and map realized and potential current and future refugia, using examples for two megafaunal species as a proof of concept. We argue that identifying Anthropocene refugia will improve biodiversity conservation and restoration by allowing better prediction of key areas for conservation and potential for re-expansions today and in the future. More generally, it forms a new conceptual framework to assess and manage the impact of anthropogenic activities on past, current and future patterns of species distributions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Monsarrat
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Scott Jarvie
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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135
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Will refaunation by feral horse affect five checkerspot butterfly species (Melitaea Fabricius, 1807) coexisting at xeric grasslands of Podyji National Park, Czech Republic? J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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136
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Colomer MÀ, Oliva‐Vidal P, Jiménez J, Martínez JM, Margalida A. Prioritizing among removal scenarios for the reintroduction of endangered species: insights from bearded vulture simulation modeling. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. À. Colomer
- Department of Mathematics Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering University of Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - P. Oliva‐Vidal
- Department of Animal Science (Division of Wildlife) Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering University of Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - J. Jiménez
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
| | - J. M. Martínez
- Subdirección General de Desarrollo Rural y Sostenibilidad Departamento Medio Ambiente Gobierno de Aragón Huesca Spain
| | - A. Margalida
- Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
- Division of Conservation Biology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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137
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Halstead LM, Sutherland DR, Valentine LE, Rendall AR, Coetsee AL, Ritchie EG. Digging up the dirt: Quantifying the effects on soil of a translocated ecosystem engineer. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Halstead
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood Campus; Geelong Victoria 3125 Australia
| | | | - Leonie E. Valentine
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Anthony R. Rendall
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood Campus; Geelong Victoria 3125 Australia
| | - Amy L. Coetsee
- Wildlife Conservation & Science; Zoos Victoria; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology; School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood Campus; Geelong Victoria 3125 Australia
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138
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Robinson NM, Dexter N, Brewster R, Maple D, MacGregor C, Rose K, Hall J, Lindenmayer DB. Be nimble with threat mitigation: lessons learned from the reintroduction of an endangered species. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Robinson
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- The National Environmental Science ProgramThreatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Nick Dexter
- Booderee National Park, Village Road Jervis Bay Jervis Bay Territory 2540 Australia
| | - Rob Brewster
- Rewilding Australia, PO Box 639 Rose Bay NSW 2029 Australia
| | - Dion Maple
- Booderee National Park, Village Road Jervis Bay Jervis Bay Territory 2540 Australia
| | - Chris MacGregor
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- The National Environmental Science ProgramThreatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Karrie Rose
- Australian Registry of Wildlife HealthTaronga Conservation Society, Bradleys Head Road Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
| | - Jane Hall
- Australian Registry of Wildlife HealthTaronga Conservation Society, Bradleys Head Road Mosman NSW 2088 Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- The National Environmental Science ProgramThreatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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139
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Archer M, Bates H, Hand SJ, Evans T, Broome L, McAllan B, Geiser F, Jackson S, Myers T, Gillespie A, Palmer C, Hawke T, Horn AM. The Burramys Project: a conservationist's reach should exceed history's grasp, or what is the fossil record for? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190221. [PMID: 31679491 PMCID: PMC6863488 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The fossil record provides important information about changes in species diversity, distribution, habitat and abundance through time. As we understand more about these changes, it becomes possible to envisage a wider range of options for translocations in a world where sustainability of habitats is under increasing threat. The Critically Endangered alpine/subalpine mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae), is threatened by global heating. Using conventional strategies, there would be no viable pathway for stopping this iconic marsupial from becoming extinct. The fossil record, however, has inspired an innovative strategy for saving this species. This lineage has been represented over 25 Myr by a series of species always inhabiting lowland, wet forest palaeocommunities. These fossil deposits have been found in what is now the Tirari Desert, South Australia (24 Ma), savannah woodlands of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland (approx. 24–15 Ma) and savannah grasslands of Hamilton, Victoria (approx. 4 Ma). This palaeoecological record has led to the proposal overviewed here to construct a lowland breeding facility with the goal of monitoring the outcome of introducing this possum back into the pre-Quaternary core habitat for the lineage. If this project succeeds, similar approaches could be considered for other climate-change-threatened Australian species such as the southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree) and the western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Archer
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Hayley Bates
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Hand
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Trevor Evans
- Australian Ecosystems Foundation Inc., 35 Crane Road, Lithgow, New South Wales 2790, Australia
| | - Linda Broome
- Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 733, Queanbeyan, New South Wales 2620, Australia
| | - Bronwyn McAllan
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Fritz Geiser
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Stephen Jackson
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Biosecurity NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia
| | - Troy Myers
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Gillespie
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chris Palmer
- PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tahneal Hawke
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alexis M Horn
- Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation, Sanibel, FL 33957, USA
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140
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Subpopulation augmentation among habitat patches as a tool to manage an endangered Mojave Desert wetlands-dependent rodent during anthropogenic restricted water climate regimes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224246. [PMID: 31648291 PMCID: PMC6812804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive management may be necessary to protect some highly vulnerable endangered species, particularly those dependent on water availability regimes that might be disrupted by ongoing climate change. The Amargosa vole (Microtus californicus scirpensis) is an increasingly imperiled rodent constrained to rare wetland habitat in the Mojave Desert. In 2014 and 2016, we trapped and radio-collared 30 voles, 24 were translocated and six remained at donor and recipient marshes as resident control voles. Soft-release was performed followed by remote camera and radio-telemetry monitoring. Although comparative metrics were not statistically significant, the mean maximum known distance moved (MDM) was longer for translocated (82.3 ± 14.6 m) vs. resident-control voles (74.9 ± 17.5 m) and for female (98.4 ± 19.9 m) vs. male (57.8 ± 9.1 m) voles. The mean area occupied (AO) tended to be greater in female (0.15 ± 0.04 ha) vs. male (0.12 ± 0.03 ha) voles, and control voles (0.15 ± 0.05 ha) compared with translocated voles (0.13 ± 0.03 ha). The mean minimum known time alive (MTA) was 38.2 ± 19.4 days for resident-control voles and 47.0 ± 10.6 days for translocated voles. Female survival (55.7 ± 14.3 days) exceeded that of males (31.5 ± 9.4 days) regardless of study group. Activity in bulrush/rushes mix and bulrush vegetation types was strongly and significantly overrepresented compared with salt grass and rushes alone, and habitat selection did not differ between resident and translocated voles. Our results provide ecological and methodological insights for future translocations as part of a strategy of promoting long-term survival of an extremely endangered small mammal in a wild desert environment.
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141
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Malmberg JL, Lee JS, Gagne RB, Kraberger S, Kechejian S, Roelke M, McBride R, Onorato D, Cunningham M, Crooks KR, VandeWoude S. Altered lentiviral infection dynamics follow genetic rescue of the Florida panther. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191689. [PMID: 31640509 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife translocations are a commonly used strategy in endangered species recovery programmes. Although translocations require detailed assessment of risk, their impact on parasite distribution has not been thoroughly assessed. This is despite the observation that actions that alter host-parasite distributions can drive evolution or introduce new parasites to previously sequestered populations. Here, we use a contemporary approach to amplify viral sequences from archived biological samples to characterize a previously undocumented impact of the successful genetic rescue of the Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Our efforts reveal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) during translocation of pumas from Texas to Florida, resulting in extirpation of a historic Florida panther FIV subtype and expansion of a genetically stable subtype that is highly conserved in Texas and Florida. We used coalescent theory to estimate viral demography across time and show an exponential increase in the effective population size of FIV coincident with expansion of the panther population. Additionally, we show that FIV isolates from Texas are basal to isolates from Florida. Interestingly, FIV genomes recovered from Florida and Texas demonstrate exceptionally low interhost divergence. Low host genomic diversity and lack of additional introgressions may underlie the surprising lack of FIV evolution over 2 decades. We conclude that modern FIV in the Florida panther disseminated following genetic rescue and rapid population expansion, and that infectious disease risks should be carefully considered during conservation efforts involving translocations. Further, viral evolutionary dynamics may be significantly altered by ecological niche, host diversity and connectivity between host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Malmberg
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Justin S Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Roderick B Gagne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah Kechejian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Dave Onorato
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Naples, FL, USA
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin R Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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142
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Van Meerbeek K, Muys B, Schowanek SD, Svenning JC. Reconciling Conflicting Paradigms of Biodiversity Conservation: Human Intervention and Rewilding. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There are strong opposing views among conservationists about whether we have to intervene to safeguard our natural heritage or not. In the Western European tradition, human intervention has been dominating, whereas, elsewhere, rewilding aimed at restoring self-regulating ecosystems has often been preferred. However, cultural rather than ecological differences are at the root of these opposing paradigms, leading to management strategies that are not always optimal for biodiversity conservation. In the present article, we propose a framework based on the relationship between ecosystem dynamics and the human footprint, including land-use legacies, to guide the mixture of rewilding and intervention practices in order to ensure a biodiverse future. We argue that these paradigms are not conflicting but complementary and advocate for rewilding where possible, human intervention where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon D Schowanek
- Department of Bioscience and the Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Bioscience and the Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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143
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Hunter EA, Gibbs JP, Cayot LJ, Tapia W, Quinzin MC, Miller JM, Caccone A, Shoemaker KT. Seeking compromise across competing goals in conservation translocations: The case of the ‘extinct’ Floreana Island Galapagos giant tortoise. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James P. Gibbs
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | | | | | - Maud C. Quinzin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Joshua M. Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Kevin T. Shoemaker
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno NV USA
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144
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Hong M, Wei W, Zhou H, Tang J, Han H, Zhang Z. Creative conservation in China: releasing captive giant pandas into the wild. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31548-31549. [PMID: 31493077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Junfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Han Han
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China.
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145
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Root‐Bernstein M, Ladle R. Ecology of a widespread large omnivore, Homo sapiens, and its impacts on ecosystem processes. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10874-10894. [PMID: 31641442 PMCID: PMC6802023 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Discussions of defaunation and taxon substitution have concentrated on megafaunal herbivores and carnivores, but mainly overlooked the particular ecological importance of megafaunal omnivores. In particular, the Homo spp. have been almost completely ignored in this context, despite the extinction of all but one hominin species present since the Plio-Pleistocene. Large omnivores have a particular set of ecological functions reflecting their foraging flexibility and the varied disturbances they create, functions that may maintain ecosystem stability and resilience. Here, we put the ecology of Homo sapiens in the context of comparative interspecific ecological roles and impacts, focusing on the large omnivore guild, as well as comparative intraspecific variation, focusing on hunter-gatherers.We provide an overview of the functional traits of H. sapiens, which can be used to spontaneously provide the functions for currently ecologically extinct or endangered ecosystem processes. We consider the negative impacts of variations in H. sapiens phenotypic strategies, its possible status as an invasive species, and the potential to take advantage of its learning capacities to decouple negative and positive impacts.We provide examples of how practices related to foraging, transhumance, and hunting could contribute to rewilding-inspired programs either drawing on hunter-gatherer baselines of H. sapiens, or as proxies for extinct or threatened large omnivores. We propose that a greater focus on intraspecific ecological variation and interspecific comparative ecology of H. sapiens can provide new avenues for conservation and ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Root‐Bernstein
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversitySantiagoChile
- UMR Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement, Activités, Produits, TerritoiresINRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES)SantiagoChile
| | - Richard Ladle
- School of Science and HealthFederal University of AlagoasAlagoasBrazil
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentOxford UniversityOxfordUK
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146
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Limits to alien black rats (Rattus rattus) acting as equivalent pollinators to extinct native small mammals: the influence of stem width on mammal activity at native Banksia ericifolia inflorescences. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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147
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Daly JA, Buhlmann KA, Todd BD, Moore CT, Peaden JM, Tuberville TD. Survival and movements of head‐started Mojave desert tortoises. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Daly
- University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Kurt A. Buhlmann
- University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Brian D. Todd
- Department of WildlifeFish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Clinton T. Moore
- U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - J. Mark Peaden
- Department of WildlifeFish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Tracey D. Tuberville
- University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory P.O. Drawer E Aiken SC 29802 USA
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148
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Abstract
AbstractTranslocation and rehabilitation programmes are critical tools for wildlife conservation. These methods achieve greater impact when integrated in a combined strategy for enhancing population or ecosystem restoration. During 2002–2016 we reared 37 orphaned southern sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis pups, using captive sea otters as surrogate mothers, then released them into a degraded coastal estuary. As a keystone species, observed increases in the local sea otter population unsurprisingly brought many ecosystem benefits. The role that surrogate-reared otters played in this success story, however, remained uncertain. To resolve this, we developed an individual-based model of the local population using surveyed individual fates (survival and reproduction) of surrogate-reared and wild-captured otters, and modelled estimates of immigration. Estimates derived from a decade of population monitoring indicated that surrogate-reared and wild sea otters had similar reproductive and survival rates. This was true for males and females, across all ages (1–13 years) and locations evaluated. The model simulations indicated that reconstructed counts of the wild population are best explained by surrogate-reared otters combined with low levels of unassisted immigration. In addition, the model shows that 55% of observed population growth over this period is attributable to surrogate-reared otters and their wild progeny. Together, our results indicate that the integration of surrogacy methods and reintroduction of juvenile sea otters helped establish a biologically successful population and restore a once-impaired ecosystem.
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149
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Folt B, McGowan CP, Steen DA, Piccolomini S, Hoffman M, Godwin JC, Guyer C. Modeling strategies and evaluating success during repatriations of elusive and endangered species. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Folt
- Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - C. P. McGowan
- U.S. Geological Survey Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - D. A. Steen
- Georgia Sea Turtle Center Jekyll Island Authority Jekyll Island GA USA
| | - S. Piccolomini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - M. Hoffman
- The Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens Sanford FL USA
| | - J. C. Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - C. Guyer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Auburn AL USA
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150
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Willson KG, Hart JL, Zengel B. A longing for the natural past: unexplored benefits and impacts of a nostalgic approach toward restoration in ecology. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. Willson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87106 U.S.A
| | - Justin L. Hart
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 U.S.A
| | - Bettina Zengel
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Essex Colchester U.K
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