101
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Sankaran VG, Weissman JS, Zon LI. Cellular barcoding to decipher clonal dynamics in disease. Science 2022; 378:eabm5874. [PMID: 36227997 PMCID: PMC10111813 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cellular barcodes are distinct DNA sequences that enable one to track specific cells across time or space. Recent advances in our ability to detect natural or synthetic cellular barcodes, paired with single-cell readouts of cell state, have markedly increased our knowledge of clonal dynamics and genealogies of the cells that compose a variety of tissues and organs. These advances hold promise to redefine our view of human disease. Here, we provide an overview of cellular barcoding approaches, discuss applications to gain new insights into disease mechanisms, and provide an outlook on future applications. We discuss unanticipated insights gained through barcoding in studies of cancer and blood cell production and describe how barcoding can be applied to a growing array of medical fields, particularly with the increasing recognition of clonal contributions in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.,Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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102
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Huang D, Wu T, Lan S, Liu C, Guo Z, Zhang W. In situ photothermal nano-vaccine based on tumor cell membrane-coated black phosphorus-Au for photo-immunotherapy of metastatic breast tumors. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121808. [PMID: 36137415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines which can activate antitumor immune response have great potential for metastatic tumors treatment. However, clinical translation of cancer vaccines remained challenging due to weak tumor antigen immunogenicity, inefficient in vivo delivery, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nanomaterials-based photothermal treatment (PTT) triggers immunogenic cell death while providing in situ tumor-associated antigens for subsequent anti-tumor immunity. Here, an in situ photothermal nano-vaccine (designated as BCNCCM) based on cancer cell membrane (CCM) was explored by co-encapsulating immune adjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) loaded black phosphorus-Au (BP-Au) nanosheets together with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor (NLG919) by CCM, for the elimination of primary and metastatic breast tumors. The nano-vaccine could be delivered to tumor site selectively by CCM targeting and exhibit vaccine-like functions through the combined effect of in situ generated tumor-associate agents after PTT and immune adjuvant CpG, resulting in trigger of tumor-specific immunity. Furthermore, tumor inhibition was enhanced owing to the reversed immunosuppressive microenvironment mediated by IDO inhibitors. The nano-vaccine not only had good therapeutic effect on primary and metastatic tumors, but also could prevent tumor recurrence by producing systemic immune memory. Therefore, the photothermal nano-vaccine which coordinate in situ vaccine-like function and immune modulation may be a promising stragegy for photo-immunotherapy of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiu Huang
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Siyuan Lan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Chengkuan Liu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Zhouyi Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China.
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103
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Zhu Z, Zhang C, Qian J, Feng N, Zhu W, Wang Y, Gong Y, Li X, Lin J, Zhou L. Construction and validation of a ferroptosis-related long noncoding RNA signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:283. [PMID: 36104748 PMCID: PMC9476564 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by the accumulation of lipid-reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis, due to the lipid peroxidation, has been reported to be strongly correlated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, the functions of the ferroptosis process in ccRCC remain unclear.
Methods
After sample cleaning, data integration, and batch effect removal, we used the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases to screen out the expression and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and then performed the molecular subtyping using the K-means method. Then, the functional pathway enrichment and immune microenvironment infiltration between the different clusters were carried out. The results showed a significant difference in immune cell infiltration between the two clusters and the associated marker responded to individualized differences in treatment. Then, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was used to establish a prognostic signature based on 5 lncRNAs. This signature could accurately predicted patient prognosis and served as an independent clinical risk factor. We then combined significant clinical parameters in multivariate Cox regression and the prognostic signature to construct a clinical predictive nomogram, which provides appropriate guidance for predicting the overall survival of ccRCC patients.
Results
The prognostic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related LncRNAs (DEFRlncRNAs) were found, and 5 lncRNAs were finally used to establish the prognostic signature in the TCGA cohort, with subsequently validation in the internal and external cohorts. Moreover, we conducted the molecular subtyping and divided the patients in the TCGA cohort into two clusters showing differences in Hallmark pathways, immune infiltration, immune target expression, and drug therapies. Differences between clusters contributed to individualizing treatment. Furthermore, a nomogram was established to better predict the clinical outcomes of the ccRCC patients.
Conclusions
Our study conducted molecular subtyping and established a novel predictive signature based on the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, which contributed to the prognostic prediction and individualizing treatment of ccRCC patients.
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104
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Chen M, Lin H, Zhang J, Pang X, Fan X, Luo S, Liu Z, Hu H, Lai S, Hou Y, Kang L, Huang L. Presence and clinical significance of acellular mucin pools in resected rectal cancer with pathological complete response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Histopathology 2022; 81:569-576. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hongcheng Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaolin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Shuangling Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhanzhen Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Huanxin Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Sicong Lai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yujie Hou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University 510655 Guangzhou Guangdong China
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105
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Chroni A, Miura S, Hamilton L, Vu T, Gaffney SG, Aly V, Karim S, Sanderford M, Townsend JP, Kumar S. Clone Phylogenetics Reveals Metastatic Tumor Migrations, Maps, and Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174326. [PMID: 36077861 PMCID: PMC9454754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells across organs and is a major cause of cancer mortality. Analysis of tumor sequencing data provides a means toward the reconstruction of routes of metastatic cell migrations. Our reconstructions demonstrated that many metastases were likely seeded from pre-existing metastasis of primary tumors. Additionally, multiple clone exchanges between tumor sites were common. In conclusion, the pattern of cancer cell migrations is often complex and is highly variable among patients. Abstract Dispersal routes of metastatic cells are not medically detected or even visible. A molecular evolutionary analysis of tumor variation provides a way to retrospectively infer metastatic migration histories and answer questions such as whether the majority of metastases are seeded from clones within primary tumors or seeded from clones within pre-existing metastases, as well as whether the evolution of metastases is generally consistent with any proposed models. We seek answers to these fundamental questions through a systematic patient-centric retrospective analysis that maps the dynamic evolutionary history of tumor cell migrations in many cancers. We analyzed tumor genetic heterogeneity in 51 cancer patients and found that most metastatic migration histories were best described by a hybrid of models of metastatic tumor evolution. Synthesizing across metastatic migration histories, we found new tumor seedings arising from clones of pre-existing metastases as often as they arose from clones from primary tumors. There were also many clone exchanges between the source and recipient tumors. Therefore, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of tumor variation provides a retrospective glimpse into general patterns of metastatic migration histories in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Chroni
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Sayaka Miura
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Lauren Hamilton
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Tracy Vu
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Vivian Aly
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxwell Sanderford
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Townsend
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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106
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Xia F, Ma Y, Chen K, Duong B, Ahmed S, Atwal R, Philpott D, Ketela T, Pantea J, Lin S, Angers S, Kelley SO. Genome-wide in vivo screen of circulating tumor cells identifies SLIT2 as a regulator of metastasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7792. [PMID: 36054348 PMCID: PMC10848953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) break free from primary tumors and travel through the circulation system to seed metastatic tumors, which are the major cause of death from cancer. The identification of the major genetic factors that enhance production and persistence of CTCs in the bloodstream at a whole genome level would enable more comprehensive molecular mechanisms of metastasis to be elucidated and the identification of novel therapeutic targets, but this remains a challenging task due to the heterogeneity and extreme rarity of CTCs. Here, we describe an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen using CTCs directly isolated from a mouse xenograft. This screen elucidated SLIT2-a gene encoding a secreted protein acting as a cellular migration cue-as the most significantly represented gene knockout in the CTC population. SLIT2 knockout cells are highly metastatic with hypermigratory and mesenchymal phenotype, resulting in enhanced cancer progression in xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Kangfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bill Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randy Atwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Philpott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Pantea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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107
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Pallikonda HA, Turajlic S. Predicting cancer evolution for patient benefit: Renal cell carcinoma paradigm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188759. [PMID: 35835341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary features of cancer have important clinical implications, but their evaluation in the clinic is currently limited. Here, we review current approaches to reconstruct tumour subclonal structure and discuss tumour sampling method and experimental design influence. We describe clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) as an exemplar for understanding and predicting cancer evolutionary dynamics. Finally, we discuss how understanding cancer evolution can benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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108
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Aoki T, Kinoshita J, Munesue S, Hamabe-Horiike T, Yamaguchi T, Nakamura Y, Okamoto K, Moriyama H, Nakamura K, Harada S, Yamamoto Y, Inaki N, Fushida S. Hypoxia-Induced CD36 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis via Fatty Acid Uptake. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 30:3125-3136. [PMID: 36042102 PMCID: PMC10085939 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The lipid scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) has been shown to have a pro-metastatic function in several cancers. Adipose tissue, a favorable site for peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer (GC), promotes this process by providing free fatty acids (FFAs); however, the role of CD36 in PM progression from GC remains to be elucidated.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated CD36 expression in the GC cells under various conditions. CD36 overexpressing (CD36OE) MKN45 cells were prepared and their migration and invasive properties were assessed. A PM mouse model was used to investigate the biological effects of palmitic acid (PA) and CD36. Furthermore, we examined the clinical role of CD36 expression in 82 human PM samples by immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Hypoxia markedly increased CD36 expression in GC cells. In normoxia, only CD36OE MKN45 cells treated with PA showed an increase in migration and invasion abilities. An increased expression of active Rac1 and Cdc42 was observed, which decreased following etomoxir treatment. Conversely, hypoxia increased those capacities of both vector and CD36OE MKN45 cells. In a mouse model transplanted with CD36OE MKN45 cells, more peritoneal tumors were observed in the high-fat diet group than those in the normal diet group. In clinical samples, 80% of PM lesions expressed CD36, consistent with hypoxic regions, indicating a significant association with prognosis.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that a hypoxia in the peritoneal cavity induces CD36 expression in GC cells, which contributes to PM through the uptake of FFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Aoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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109
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Gao T, Chen F, Li M. Sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis: A systematic review. Cancer Med 2022; 12:2248-2261. [PMID: 36000927 PMCID: PMC9939157 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) refers to the dissemination of malignant cells in the subarachnoid space, pia, and arachnoid mater and is a severe condition associated with metastatic solid tumors. The most common solid tumor that develops into LM is lung cancer and the incidence increased in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with targetable mutations. However, tissue biopsy of LM is inaccessible, leading to the paucity of genomic profiles of LM to guide targeted treatments and explore biological mechanisms. In recent years, liquid biopsy is considered a minimally invasive and dynamic method to trace the genomic alterations of cancer cells and some studies started to perform sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with LM to reveal the targeted mutations and genomic profiles. In this review, we focused on studies performed sequencing of CSF in NSCLC patients with LM and summarized the sequencing results and their commonality. As the only way to reveal the genomic landscapes of LM, our review provided evidence that sequencing of CSF is a promising management method in LM patients to dynamically guide target therapy and monitor intracranial tumor response. Furthermore, it reveals a unique genomic profile of LM including driver genes, drug-resistant mutations, and a number of copy number variations. Sequencing of CSF in LM patients seems to provide more comprehensive genomic information than we expected and the biological significance behind the genomic alternations needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Gao
- Department of OncologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Fengxi Chen
- Department of OncologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Man Li
- Department of OncologyThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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110
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Bogdanova NV, Radmanesh H, Ramachandran D, Knoechelmann AC, Christiansen H, Derlin T, von Klot CAJ, Merten R, Henkenberens C. The Prognostic Value of Liquid Biopsies for Benefit of Salvage Radiotherapy in Relapsed Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174095. [PMID: 36077632 PMCID: PMC9454496 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 30% of patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer relapse will benefit from local PET/CT-guided ablative radiotherapy (RT) with improved progression-free and ADT (Androgene Deprivation Therapy)-free survivals. Therefore, there is an urgent need for predictive testing for therapeutic benefits prior to initiation. Various tests have already been established on tumor specimens for the prediction of prostate cancer’s behavior or therapy outcome. However, in imaging-proven relapse tumor tissue from the local recurrence or metastases is often not available. Hence, there is a need for a liquid biopsy-based testing. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of CTCs- associated mRNA and blood-derived RNA for the benefit of PSMA PET-guided salvage RT in oligometastatic prostate cancer relapses. Significant correlations were found between the relative transcript levels of several investigated genes and clinicopathological parameters. Furthermore, distinct “transcriptional signatures” were found in patients with temporary and long-term benefits from RT. Abstract To assess the prognostic value of “liquid biopsies” for the benefit of salvage RT in oligometastatic prostate cancer relapse, we enrolled 44 patients in the study between the years 2016 and 2020. All the patients were diagnosed as having an oligometastatic prostate cancer relapse on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET-CT and underwent irradiation at the Department of Radiotherapy at the Hannover Medical School. Tumor cells and total RNA, enriched from the liquid biopsies of patients, were processed for the subsequent quantification analysis of relative transcript levels in real-time PCR. In total, 54 gene transcripts known or suggested to be associated with prostate cancer or treatment outcome were prioritized for analysis. We found significant correlations between the relative transcript levels of several investigated genes and the Gleason score, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) value, or UICC stage (tumor node metastasis -TNM classification of malignant tumors from Union for International Cancer Control). Furthermore, a significant association of MTCO2, FOXM1, SREBF1, HOXB7, FDXR, and MTRNR transcript profiles was found with a temporary and/or long-term benefit from RT. Further studies on larger patients cohorts are necessary to prove our preliminary findings for establishing liquid biopsy tests as a predictive examination method prior to salvage RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hoda Radmanesh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dhanya Ramachandran
- Gynecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Roland Merten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-511-532-3590
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Yao Q, Zhang X, Chen D. The emerging potentials of lncRNA DRAIC in human cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867670. [PMID: 35992823 PMCID: PMC9386314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a subtype of noncoding RNA that has more than 200 nucleotides. Numerous studies have confirmed that lncRNA is relevant during multiple biological processes through the regulation of various genes, thus affecting disease progression. The lncRNA DRAIC, a newly discovered lncRNA, has been found to be abnormally expressed in a variety of diseases, particularly cancer. Indeed, the dysregulation of DRAIC expression is closely related to clinicopathological features. It was also reported that DRAIC is key to biological functions such as cell proliferation, autophagy, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, DRAIC is of great clinical significance in human disease. In this review, we discuss the expression signature, clinical characteristics, biological functions, relevant mechanisms, and potential clinical applications of DRAIC in several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dajin Chen,
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Engineering micro oxygen factories to slow tumour progression via hyperoxic microenvironments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4495. [PMID: 35918337 PMCID: PMC9345862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While hypoxia promotes carcinogenesis, tumour aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to oncological treatments, the impacts of hyperoxia on tumours are rarely explored because providing a long-lasting oxygen supply in vivo is a major challenge. Herein, we construct micro oxygen factories, namely, photosynthesis microcapsules (PMCs), by encapsulation of acquired cyanobacteria and upconversion nanoparticles in alginate microcapsules. This system enables a long-lasting oxygen supply through the conversion of external radiation into red-wavelength emissions for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. PMC treatment suppresses the NF-kB pathway, HIF-1α production and cancer cell proliferation. Hyperoxic microenvironment created by an in vivo PMC implant inhibits hepatocarcinoma growth and metastasis and has synergistic effects together with anti-PD-1 in breast cancer. The engineering oxygen factories offer potential for tumour biology studies in hyperoxic microenvironments and inspire the exploration of oncological treatments.
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113
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Yue W, Wang S, Xu H. Thermal ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Some clarity amid controversies. J Interv Med 2022; 5:171-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Guo N, Chen Y, Jing Z, Liu S, Su J, Li R, Duan X, Chen Z, Chen P, Yin R, Li S, Tang J. Molecular Features in Lymphatic Metastases Reflect the Metastasis Mechanism of Lymph Nodes With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:909388. [PMID: 35923575 PMCID: PMC9341247 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.909388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis influences clinical treatment and prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is an urgency to understand the molecular features and mechanisms of lymph node metastasis. We analyzed the molecular features on pairs of the primary tumor and lymphatic metastasis tissue samples from 15 NSCLC patients using targeted next-generation sequencing. The potential metastasis-related genes were screened from our cohort based on cancer cell fraction. After filtering with gene functions, candidate metastasis-related events were validated in the MSK cohort with Fisher's exact test. The molecular signature and tumor mutational burden were similar in paired samples, and the average mutational concordance was 42.0% ± 28.9%. Its metastatic mechanism is potentially a linear progression based on the metastatic seeding theory. Furthermore, mutated ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) and tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) genes were significantly enriched in lymphatic metastases (p ≤ 0.05). Alterations in these two genes could be considered metastasis-related driving events. Mutated ATR and TET2 might play an active role in the metastasis of lymph nodes with NSCLC. More case enrollment and long-term follow-up will further verify the clinical significance of these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongying Jing
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Su
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhigong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjiang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Zhai D, Huang J, Hu Y, Wan C, Sun Y, Meng J, Zi H, Lu L, He Q, Hu Y, Jin H, Yang K. Irradiated Tumor Cell-Derived Microparticles Prevent Lung Metastasis by Remodeling the Pulmonary Immune Microenvironment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 114:502-515. [PMID: 35840114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of cancer-related deaths are attributed to metastasis rather than localized primary tumor progression. However, the factors that regulate the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) and metastasis have not yet been clearly elucidated. We investigated the antimetastatic effects of irradiated tumor cell-derived microparticles (RT-MPs) and highlighted the role of innate immune cells in PMN formation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Mice were treated three times with isolated RT-MPs, followed by tumor cell injection via the tail vein. H&E staining was performed to assess the number of tumor nodules in the lungs, and in vivo luciferase-based noninvasive bioluminescence imaging was conducted to detected tumor burden. The mechanisms of RT-MPs mediated PMN formation was evaluated using flow cytometry, transwell assay, and RT-PCR. RESULTS RT-MPs inhibited tumor cell colonization in the lungs. Neutrophils phagocytosed RT-MPs and secreted CCL3 and CCL4, which induced monocytes chemotaxis and maturation into macrophages. RT-MPs promoted the transition of neutrophils and macrophages into antitumor phenotypes, hence inhibiting cancer cell colonization and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS RT-MPs inhibited PMN formation and lung metastasis in a neutrophil- and macrophage-dependent but T cell-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Zhai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingshu Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huaduan Zi
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qianyuan He
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Ma Y, Di Y, Li Q, Zhan Q, He X, Liu S, Zou H, Corpe C, Chen L, Wang J. LncRNAs as epigenetic regulators of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:61. [PMID: 35819532 PMCID: PMC9276894 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality because of tumor metastasis. Activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway has been confirmed to be an important driver of pancreatic cancer progression from initiation to metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to exert essential physiological functions in pancreatic cancer progression by regulating the EMT program. In this review, we have summarized the role of EMT-related lncRNAs in human pancreatic cancer and the potential molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs can be vital epigenetic regulators of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Specifically, EMT-activating transcription factors (EMT-TFs) regulate EMT via TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT pathways. In addition, the interaction between lncRNAs and HIF-1α and m6A RNA methylation also have an impact on tumor metastasis and EMT in pancreatic cancer. This review will provide insights into lncRNAs as promising biomarkers for tumor metastasis and potential therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Di
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Zhan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher Corpe
- King's College London, Nutritional Science Department, 150 Stamford Street, Waterloo, London, SE19NH, UK
| | - Litian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China.
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Yun H, Im HJ, Choe C, Roh S. Effect of LOXL2 on metastasis through remodeling of the cell surface matrix in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Gene 2022; 830:146504. [PMID: 35483499 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the prominent cause of cancer-associated death primarily because of distant metastatic disease. The metastatic potential of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with tumor cell aggregation. However, the systemic mechanotransduction mechanism by which tumor cells dynamically aggregate and disseminate is poorly understood, especially in NSCLC. In this study, we examine whether the cell surface matrix plays an important role in metastasis. We used poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-based 3D spheroid formation methods to mimic in vivo metastatic lesions. Supra-structural analysis of human NSCLC A549 cells stained with ruthenium red for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that glycocalyx surrounding the cell surface in 2D culture decreases in 3D culture. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that the genes associated with cell adhesion were distinctly enriched in A549 cell spheroids. Of these, downregulation of the tumor metastatic microenvironment facilitator LOXL2, a copper-dependent enzyme catalyzing posttranslational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine, was of special interest. Knockdown of LOXL2 thickened the cell surface matrix in 2D culture and impaired compact aggregate formation in 3D culture. Moreover, A549 cell spheroids with endogenous overexpression of LOXL2 increased their dissemination on basement extracellular matrix Matrigel. Overall, these data imply that cell detachment-downregulated LOXL2 contributes to cell surface matrix remodeling, leading to collective dissemination of free-floating aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesu Yun
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chungyoul Choe
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Lab, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-90 (eHsp90): Everything You Need to Know. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070911. [PMID: 35883467 PMCID: PMC9313274 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
“Extracellular” Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) was initially reported in the 1970s but was not formally recognized until 2008 at the 4th International Conference on The Hsp90 Chaperone Machine (Monastery Seeon, Germany). Studies presented under the topic of “extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90)” at the conference provided direct evidence for eHsp90’s involvement in cancer invasion and skin wound healing. Over the past 15 years, studies have focused on the secretion, action, biological function, therapeutic targeting, preclinical evaluations, and clinical utility of eHsp90 using wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and tumour models both in vitro and in vivo. eHsp90 has emerged as a critical stress-responding molecule targeting each of the pathophysiological conditions. Despite the studies, our current understanding of several fundamental questions remains little beyond speculation. Does eHsp90 indeed originate from purposeful live cell secretion or rather from accidental dead cell leakage? Why did evolution create an intracellular chaperone that also functions as a secreted factor with reported extracellular duties that might be (easily) fulfilled by conventional secreted molecules? Is eHsp90 a safer and more optimal drug target than intracellular Hsp90 chaperone? In this review, we summarize how much we have learned about eHsp90, provide our conceptual views of the findings, and make recommendations on the future studies of eHsp90 for clinical relevance.
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Association of PTPRT Mutations with Cancer Metastasis in Multiple Cancer Types. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9386477. [PMID: 35789644 PMCID: PMC9250438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9386477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the characteristics of advanced cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths from cancer, but the mechanism underlying metastasis is unclear, and there is a lack of metastasis markers. PTPRT is a protein-coding gene involved in both signal transduction and cellular adhesion. It is also known as a tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell malignant proliferation by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Recent studies have reported that PTPRT is involved in the early metastatic seeding of colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between PTPRT and metastasis in other types of cancer has not been revealed. A combined analysis using a dataset from the genomics evidence neoplasia information exchange (GENIE) and cBioPortal revealed that PTPRT mutation is associated with poor prognosis in pan-cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. The mutations of PTPRT or “gene modules” containing PTPRT are significantly enriched in patients with metastatic cancer in multiple cancers, suggesting that the PTPRT mutations serve as potential biomarkers of cancer metastasis.
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120
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Hu J, Wang M, Yang Y, Xing Y, Li S. LncRNA DLEU2 silencing impedes the migration, invasion and EMT in gastric cancer cell by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:719-731. [PMID: 35736813 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2078727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Context: The high expression of long non-coding RNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 2 (lncRNA DLEU2) has been confirmed in gastric cancer (GC).Objective: However, the detailed mechanism concerning its involvement in GC remained unclear, which we aimed to explore in this study.Materials and methods: LncRNA DLEU2 expression in GC was estimated by bioinformatic analysis, and the relationship between the expression of DLEU2 and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC was performed. qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of lncRNA DLEU2 and confirm the transfection efficiency following the knockdown or overexpression of DLEU2. Functional assays, including CCK-8, flow cytometry, scratching test and Transwell assays, were used to determine the role of DLEU2 in tumor phenotypes. The effects of DLEU2 on the PI3K/Akt pathway were detected by western blot. For elucidating the functions of DLEU2/PI3K/Akt axis in GC, we inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway in rescue experiments, and evaluated the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins by western blot.Results: The expression of DLEU2 was aberrantly up-regulated in GC tissues and cells, which was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and Lauren histologic classification of patients with GC. Silencing of DLEU2 induced apoptosis, attenuated viability, migration and invasion as well as inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in GC cells. Mechanistically, the DLEU2/PI3K/Akt axis promoted the progression of GC and the EMT by down-regulating the expression of E-Cadherin and up-regulating those of N-Cadherin and Vimentin.Discussion and conclusions: LncRNA DLEU2 promoted the migration, invasion and EMT in GC by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Oncology Department, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing City, China
| | - Mingyun Wang
- Oncology Department, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing City, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Oncology Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (Gaochun Branch), Nanjing City, China
| | - Yajun Xing
- Oncology Department, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing City, China
| | - Shuanggen Li
- Oncology Department, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing City, China
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Christensen DS, Ahrenfeldt J, Sokač M, Kisistók J, Thomsen MK, Maretty L, McGranahan N, Birkbak NJ. Treatment represents a key driver of metastatic cancer evolution. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2918-2927. [PMID: 35731928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death, yet the evolutionary processes behind it remain largely unknown. Here, through analysis of large panel-based genomic datasets from the AACR GENIE project, including 40,979 primary and metastatic tumors across 25 distinct cancer types, we explore how the evolutionary pressure of cancer metastasis shapes the selection of genomic drivers of cancer. The most commonly affected genes were TP53, MYC, and CDKN2A, with no specific pattern associated with metastatic disease. This suggests that, on a driver mutation level, the selective pressure operating in primary and metastatic tumors is similar. The most highly enriched individual driver mutations in metastatic tumors were mutations known to drive resistance to hormone therapies in breast and prostate cancer (ESR1 and AR), anti-EGFR therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (EGFR T790M), and imatinib in gastrointestinal cancer (KIT V654A). Specific mutational signatures were also associated with treatment in three cancer types, supporting clonal selection following anti-cancer therapy. Overall, this implies that initial acquisition of driver mutations is predominantly shaped by the tissue of origin, where specific mutations define the developing primary tumor and drive growth, immune escape, and tolerance to chromosomal instability. However, acquisition of driver mutations that contribute to metastatic disease is less specific, with the main genomic drivers of metastatic cancer evolution associating with resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte S Christensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanne Ahrenfeldt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mateo Sokač
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judit Kisistók
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lasse Maretty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Endo Y, Suzuki K, Kimura Y, Tamaki S, Aizawa H, Abe I, Watanabe F, Kato T, Saito M, Futsuhara K, Noda H, Konishi F, Rikiyama T. Genome‑wide DNA hypomethylation drives a more invasive pancreatic cancer phenotype and has predictive occult distant metastasis and prognosis potential. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:61. [PMID: 35419613 PMCID: PMC9015190 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome‑wide DNA hypomethylation is the most common molecular feature in human cancers associated with chromosomal instability (CIN), which is involved in the mechanisms that regulate pancreatic cancer (PC) metastasis. It was investigated whether genome‑wide DNA hypomethylation affects the phenotype in PC via CIN in vitro, and its significance on the biological behavior of PC was verified. The relative demethylation level (RDL) of long interspersed nucleotide element‑1 (LINE‑1) in human PC cell lines was used to characterize DNA hypomethylation using methylation‑specific quantitative (q)PCR. CIN was estimated by changes in chromosomal copy number using comparative genomic hybridization analysis. Abnormal segregation of chromosomes was assessed by immunocytochemistry, and the DNA damage response was evaluated using the number of anti‑γH2AX positive cells. Invasion ability was assessed using a Matrigel invasion assay. Clinical specimens from 49 patients with PC who underwent curative surgery were evaluated for a correlation of DNA hypomethylation with clinical outcome. Successful induction of genome‑wide DNA hypomethylation in PC cells led to copy number changes in specific chromosomal regions. The number of cells with abnormal segregation of chromosomes significantly increased with the number of anti‑γH2AX positive cells. The invasive potential of these cells also significantly increased. The occurrence of occult distant metastasis in the clinical specimens and receiver operating characteristic analysis clearly identified those who were and were not likely to have occult distant metastasis, with high LINE‑1 RDL significantly correlated with the presence of occult distant metastasis (P=0.035) and poor prognosis (P=0.048). The significance of genome‑wide DNA hypomethylation on the biological behavior of PC, which promotes a more invasive phenotype via CIN in vitro and predicts the susceptibility to occult distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with PC was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Endo
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Sawako Tamaki
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Aizawa
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Iku Abe
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kato
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Saito
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kazushige Futsuhara
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noda
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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123
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Yang D, Jones MG, Naranjo S, Rideout WM, Min KHJ, Ho R, Wu W, Replogle JM, Page JL, Quinn JJ, Horns F, Qiu X, Chen MZ, Freed-Pastor WA, McGinnis CS, Patterson DM, Gartner ZJ, Chow ED, Bivona TG, Chan MM, Yosef N, Jacks T, Weissman JS. Lineage tracing reveals the phylodynamics, plasticity, and paths of tumor evolution. Cell 2022; 185:1905-1923.e25. [PMID: 35523183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor evolution is driven by the progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable uncontrolled growth and expansion to neighboring and distal tissues. The study of phylogenetic relationships between cancer cells provides key insights into these processes. Here, we introduced an evolving lineage-tracing system with a single-cell RNA-seq readout into a mouse model of Kras;Trp53(KP)-driven lung adenocarcinoma and tracked tumor evolution from single-transformed cells to metastatic tumors at unprecedented resolution. We found that the loss of the initial, stable alveolar-type2-like state was accompanied by a transient increase in plasticity. This was followed by the adoption of distinct transcriptional programs that enable rapid expansion and, ultimately, clonal sweep of stable subclones capable of metastasizing. Finally, tumors develop through stereotypical evolutionary trajectories, and perturbing additional tumor suppressors accelerates progression by creating novel trajectories. Our study elucidates the hierarchical nature of tumor evolution and, more broadly, enables in-depth studies of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G Jones
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Integrative Program in Quantitative Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William M Rideout
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kyung Hoi Joseph Min
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Raymond Ho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer L Page
- Cell and Genome Engineering Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Quinn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Felix Horns
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael Z Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William A Freed-Pastor
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher S McGinnis
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David M Patterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg BioHub Investigator, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric D Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Advanced Technology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle M Chan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg BioHub Investigator, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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124
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Guan X, Sun L, Shen Y, Jin F, Bo X, Zhu C, Han X, Li X, Chen Y, Xu H, Yue W. Nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy synergizes with PD-L1 blockade to limit post-surgical cancer recurrence and metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2834. [PMID: 35595770 PMCID: PMC9123179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer recurrence after surgical resection (SR) is a considerable challenge, and the biological effect of SR on the tumor microenvironment (TME) that is pivotal in determining postsurgical treatment efficacy remains poorly understood. Here, with an experimental model, we demonstrate that the genomic landscape shaped by SR creates an immunosuppressive milieu characterized by hypoxia and high-influx of myeloid cells, fostering cancer progression and hindering PD-L1 blockade therapy. To address this issue, we engineer a radio-immunostimulant nanomedicine (IPI549@HMP) capable of targeting myeloid cells, and catalyzing endogenous H2O2 into O2 to achieve hypoxia-relieved radiotherapy (RT). The enhanced RT-mediated immunogenic effect results in postsurgical TME reprogramming and increased susceptibility to anti-PD-L1 therapy, which can suppress/eradicate locally residual and distant tumors, and elicits strong immune memory effects to resist tumor rechallenge. Our radioimmunotherapy points to a simple and effective therapeutic intervention against postsurgical cancer recurrence and metastasis. Tumor recurrence after surgical resection is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Here the authors design a manganese dioxide-based nanosystem to increase response to radio-immunotherapy by relieving tumor hypoxia and targeting myeloid cells, showing reduced post-surgical cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Fengshan Jin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowan Bo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China. .,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China. .,Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Wenwen Yue
- Department of Medical Ultrasound and Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China. .,Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
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125
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Pich O, Bailey C, Watkins TBK, Zaccaria S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C. The translational challenges of precision oncology. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:458-478. [PMID: 35487215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The translational challenges in the field of precision oncology are in part related to the biological complexity and diversity of this disease. Technological advances in genomics have facilitated large sequencing efforts and discoveries that have further supported this notion. In this review, we reflect on the impact of these discoveries on our understanding of several concepts: cancer initiation, cancer prevention, early detection, adjuvant therapy and minimal residual disease monitoring, cancer drug resistance, and cancer evolution in metastasis. We discuss key areas of focus for improving cancer outcomes, from biological insights to clinical application, and suggest where the development of these technologies will lead us. Finally, we discuss practical challenges to the wider adoption of molecular profiling in the clinic and the need for robust translational infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Thomas B K Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Simone Zaccaria
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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126
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Rogiers A, Lobon I, Spain L, Turajlic S. The Genetic Evolution of Metastasis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1849-1857. [PMID: 35476646 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary process that is characterized by the emergence of multiple genetically distinct populations or clones within the primary tumor. Intratumor heterogeneity provides a substrate for the selection of adaptive clones, such as those that lead to metastasis. Comparative molecular studies of primary tumors and metastases have identified distinct genomic features associated with the development of metastases. In this review, we discuss how these insights could inform clinical decision-making and uncover rational antimetastasis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljosja Rogiers
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Lobon
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Spain
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Oncology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Medical Oncology Department, Eastern Health, Melbourne Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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127
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Zhang W, Han W, Yu B, Zhao X, Lu G, Wu W, Zhang Y. Clinical features and prognosis according to genomic mutations in primary and metastatic lesions of non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1642-1650. [PMID: 35466584 PMCID: PMC9161321 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The distant metastasis heterogeneity of gene tumor mutations in tumors of NSCLC patients brings critical challenges for treatment. We sequenced the primary tumors and metastatic tissues of 48 NSCLC patients through 363 tumor‐related gene panels to examine gene mutations in primary tumors and metastatic tissues, and screen candidate carcinogenic and metastatic‐related driver mutations. The patient group included 21 patients in the metastatic group and 27 patients in the non‐metastatic group. The patient's median age was 62 years and 54% (26/48) of patients were women. Approximately 75% (36/48) of patients were non‐smokers. The mutation spectrum results showed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation was the most frequent mutation (68.75%), followed by TP53 mutation (45.83%); 19del accounted for the largest proportion of EGFR mutations. Copy number variation (CNV) mutation spectrum results showed that EGFR amplification was more common in the metastatic group than the non‐metastatic group. The mutant‐allele tumor heterogeneity value of the metastatic group was higher than that of the non‐metastatic group (p = 0.013). The progression‐free survival of the metastatic group was significantly shorter than that in the non‐metastatic group (p = 0.041). Single nucleotide variant difference analysis showed that the frequency of TP53 mutations was higher in the metastasis group. The number of subclonal mutations in the primary and metastatic lesions in the metastasis group was significantly different; the number of subclonal sites in metastatic lesions was higher than that in primary lesions. Our results suggested that the gene mutations of NSCLC in primary and metastatic lesions and identified specific mutations related to metastasis of NSCLC. Our research will help to clarify key differences between gene mutations between primary and metastatic NSCLC. These findings will help to provide new theoretical support for the future targeted therapy of metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | | | - Bo Yu
- Berry Oncology Corporation Fuzhou China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Gaojun Lu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wendy Wu
- Berry Oncology Corporation Fuzhou China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
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128
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Jia Q, Wang A, Yuan Y, Zhu B, Long H. Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:24. [PMID: 35461288 PMCID: PMC9034473 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of tumorigenesis and subsequent metastasis, malignant cells gradually diversify and become more heterogeneous. Consequently, the tumor mass might be infiltrated by diverse immune-related components, including the cytokine/chemokine environment, cytotoxic activity, or immunosuppressive elements. This immunological heterogeneity is universally presented spatially or varies temporally along with tumor evolution or therapeutic intervention across almost all solid tumors. The heterogeneity of anti-tumor immunity shows a profound association with the progression of disease and responsiveness to treatment, particularly in the realm of immunotherapy. Therefore, an accurate understanding of tumor immunological heterogeneity is essential for the development of effective therapies. Facilitated by multi-regional and -omics sequencing, single cell sequencing, and longitudinal liquid biopsy approaches, recent studies have demonstrated the potential to investigate the complexity of immunological heterogeneity of the tumors and its clinical relevance in immunotherapy. Here, we aimed to review the mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment. We also explored how clinical assessments of tumor heterogeneity might facilitate the development of more effective personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Jia
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Aoyun Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yixiao Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Xinqiao Main Street, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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129
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Huang M, Dong W, Xie R, Wu J, Su Q, Li W, Yao K, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Q, Li W, Cheng L, Peng S, Chen S, Huang J, Chen X, Lin T. HSF1 facilitates the multistep process of lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer via a novel PRMT5-WDR5-dependent transcriptional program. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:447-470. [PMID: 35434944 PMCID: PMC9118058 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphatic metastasis has been associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients with limited therapeutic options. Emerging evidence shows that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) drives diversified transcriptome to promote tumor growth and serves as a promising therapeutic target. However, the roles of HSF1 in lymphatic metastasis remain largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to illustrate the clinical roles and mechanisms of HSF1 in the lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer and explore its therapeutic potential. Methods We screened the most relevant gene to lymphatic metastasis among overexpressed heat shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), and analyzed its clinical relevance in three cohorts. Functional in vitro and in vivo assays were performed in HSF1‐silenced and ‐regained models. We also used Co‐immunoprecipitation to identify the binding proteins of HSF1 and chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays to investigate the transcriptional program directed by HSF1. The pharmacological inhibitor of HSF1, KRIBB11, was evaluated in popliteal lymph node metastasis models and patient‐derived xenograft models of bladder cancer. Results HSF1 expression was positively associated with lymphatic metastasis status, tumor stage, advanced grade, and poor prognosis of bladder cancer. Importantly, HSF1 enhanced the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells in primary tumor to initiate metastasis, proliferation of cancer cells in lymph nodes, and macrophages infiltration to facilitate multistep lymphatic metastasis. Mechanistically, HSF1 interacted with protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and jointly induced the monomethylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me1) and symmetric dimethylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2s). This recruited the WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5)/mixed‐lineage leukemia (MLL) complex to increase the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3); resulting in upregulation of lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C‐C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), and E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2). Application of KRIBB11 significantly inhibited the lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer with no significant toxicity. Conclusion Our findings reveal a novel transcriptional program directed by the HSF1‐PRMT5‐WDR5 axis during the multistep process of lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Targeting HSF1 could be a multipotent and promising therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer patients with lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Ruihui Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Jilin Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Wuguo Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yuelong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Shengmeng Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Siting Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, P. R. China
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AlGhamdi H, Dhont J, Krayem M, De Bruyn P, Engels B, Van Gestel D, Van den Begin R. The Road to Dissemination: The Concept of Oligometastases and the Barriers for Widespread Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2046. [PMID: 35454951 PMCID: PMC9033015 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, the oligometastatic disease state has gained more and more interest, and randomized trials are now suggesting an added value of stereotactic radiotherapy on all macroscopic disease in oligometastatic patients; but what barriers could impede widespread disease in some patients? In this review, we first discuss the concept of oligometastatic disease and some examples of clinical evidence. We then explore the route to dissemination: the hurdles a tumoral clone has to overtake before it can produce efficient and widespread dissemination. The spectrum theory argues that the range of metastatic patterns encountered in the clinic is the consequence of gradually obtained metastatic abilities of the tumor cells. Tumor clones can obtain these capabilities by Darwinian evolution, hence early in their genetic progression tumors might produce only a limited number of metastases. We illustrate selective dissemination by discussing organ tropism, the preference of different cancer (sub)types to metastasize to certain organs. Finally we discuss biomarkers that may help to distinguish the oligometastatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza AlGhamdi
- Radiotherapy Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (H.A.); (P.D.B.); (D.V.G.)
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Medical City, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer Dhont
- Medical Physics Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pauline De Bruyn
- Radiotherapy Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (H.A.); (P.D.B.); (D.V.G.)
| | - Benedikt Engels
- Radiotherapy Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Dirk Van Gestel
- Radiotherapy Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (H.A.); (P.D.B.); (D.V.G.)
| | - Robbe Van den Begin
- Radiotherapy Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (H.A.); (P.D.B.); (D.V.G.)
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Pasqualetti F, Trippa F, Aristei C, Borghesi S, Colosimo C, Cantarella M, Mazzola R, Ingrosso G. Stereotactic radiotherapy for oligometastases in the lymph nodes. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2022; 27:46-51. [PMID: 35402021 PMCID: PMC8989441 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though systemic therapy is standard treatment for lymph node metastases, metastasis-directed stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT ) seems to be a valid option in oligometastatic patients with a low disease burden. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT ) is the gold standard for assessing metastases to the lymph nodes; co-registration of PET-CT images and planning CT images are the basis for gross tumor volume (GTV ) delineation. Appropriate techniques are needed to overcome target motion. SRT schedules depend on the irradiation site, target volume and dose constraints to the organs at risk (OARs) of toxicity. Although several fractionation schemes were reported, total doses of 48–60 Gy in 4–8 fractions were proposed for mediastinal lymph node SRT, with the spinal cord, esophagus, heart and proximal bronchial tree being the dose limiting OAR s. Total doses ranged from 30 to 45 Gy, with daily fractions of 7–12 Gy for abdominal lymph nodes, with dose limiting OARs being the liver, kidneys, bowel and bladder. SRT on lymph node metastases is safe; late side effects, particularly severe, are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Trippa
- Radiation Oncology Centre, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Cynthia Aristei
- Radiation Oncology Section, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Italy
| | - Simona Borghesi
- Radiation Oncology Unit of Arezzo-Valdarno, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Italy
| | - Caterina Colosimo
- Operative Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Mazzola
- Radiation Oncology Department, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar-Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ingrosso
- Radiation Oncology Section, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Italy
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Nicoś M, Krawczyk P. Genetic Clonality as the Hallmark Driving Evolution of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1813. [PMID: 35406585 PMCID: PMC8998004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data indicate that many driver alterations from the primary tumor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are predominantly shared across all metastases; however, disseminating cells may also acquire a new genetic landscape across their journey. By comparing the constituent subclonal mutations between pairs of primary and metastatic samples, it is possible to derive the ancestral relationships between tumor clones, rather than between tumor samples. Current treatment strategies mostly rely on the theory that metastases are genetically similar to the primary lesions from which they arise. However, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) affects accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions and it is considered the main hallmark of anticancer therapy failure. Understanding the genetic changes that drive the metastatic process is critical for improving the treatment strategies of this deadly condition. Application of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has already created knowledge about tumorigenesis and cancer evolution; however, further NGS implementation may also allow to reconstruct phylogenetic clonal lineages and clonal expansion. In this review, we discuss how the clonality of genetic alterations influence the seeding of primary and metastatic lesions of NSCLC. We highlight that wide genetic analyses may reveal the phylogenetic trajectories of NSCLC evolution, and may pave the way to better management of follow-up and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
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Alwhaibi A, Parvathagiri V, Verma A, Artham S, Adil MS, Somanath PR. Regulation of Let-7a-5p and miR-199a-5p Expression by Akt1 Modulates Prostate Cancer Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via the Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071625. [PMID: 35406397 PMCID: PMC8996869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular mechanisms regulating the switch from the growth of tumor cells to invasive phenotype for metastasis is largely unknown. Molecules such as Akt1 and TGFβ have been demonstrated to play reciprocal roles in the early and advanced stages of cancers, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been identified as a common link in the process. Advancing our knowledge on the direct association between these two pathways and how their effects are reconciled in the advanced stages of cancers such as prostate cancer will have therapeutic benefits. Identifying the role of microRNAs in the process will also benefit the scientific community. Abstract Akt1 suppression in advanced cancers has been indicated to promote metastasis. Our understanding of how Akt1 orchestrates this is incomplete. Using the NanoString®-based miRNA and mRNA profiling of PC3 and DU145 cells, and subsequent data analysis using the DIANA-mirPath, dbEMT, nCounter, and Ingenuity® databases, we identified the miRNAs and associated genes responsible for Akt1-mediated prostate cancer (PCa) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Akt1 loss in PC3 and DU145 cells primarily induced changes in the miRNAs and mRNAs regulating EMT genes. These include increased miR-199a-5p and decreased let-7a-5p expression associated with increased TGFβ-R1 expression. Treatment with locked nucleic acid (LNA) miR-199a-5p inhibitor and/or let-7a-5p mimic induced expression changes in EMT genes correlating to their anticipated effects on PC3 and DU145 cell motility, invasion, and TGFβ-R1 expression. A correlation between increased miR-199a-5p and TGFβ-R1 expression with reduced let-7a-5p was also observed in high Gleason score PCa patients in the cBioportal database analysis. Collectively, our studies show the effect of Akt1 suppression in advanced PCa on EMT modulating miRNA and mRNA expression changes and highlight the potential benefits of miR-199a-5p and let-7a-5p in therapy and/or early screening of mPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.); (V.P.); (A.V.); (S.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy at King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varun Parvathagiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.); (V.P.); (A.V.); (S.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arti Verma
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.); (V.P.); (A.V.); (S.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.); (V.P.); (A.V.); (S.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mir S. Adil
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.); (V.P.); (A.V.); (S.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.A.); (V.P.); (A.V.); (S.A.); (M.S.A.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence:
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Single-cell transcriptomics links malignant T cells to the tumor immune landscape in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1158. [PMID: 35241665 PMCID: PMC8894386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma distinguished by the presence of clonal malignant T cells. The heterogeneity of malignant T cells and the complex tumor microenvironment remain poorly characterized. With single-cell RNA analysis and bulk whole-exome sequencing on 19 skin lesions from 15 CTCL patients, we decipher the intra-tumor and inter-lesion diversity of CTCL patients and propose a multi-step tumor evolution model. We further establish a subtyping scheme based on the molecular features of malignant T cells and their pro-tumorigenic microenvironments: the TCyEM group, demonstrating a cytotoxic effector memory T cell phenotype, shows more M2 macrophages infiltration, while the TCM group, featured by a central memory T cell phenotype and adverse patient outcome, is infiltrated by highly exhausted CD8+ reactive T cells, B cells and Tregs with suppressive activities. Our results establish a solid basis for understanding the nature of CTCL and pave the way for future precision medicine for CTCL patients.
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135
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Zhang C, Yang J, Chen Y, Jiang F, Liao H, Liu X, Wang Y, Kong G, Zhang X, Li J, Gao J, Shen L. miRNAs derived from plasma small extracellular vesicles predict organo-tropic metastasis of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:360-374. [PMID: 35031872 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneum, liver and lymph node are the most common metastatic sites of gastric cancer (GC). Biomarkers for GC's organo-tropic metastasis remained largely unknown, which was investigated in this study from the perspective of small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived miRNAs. METHODS Plasma from treatment-naïve GC patients including no metastasis (M0), peritoneal metastasis (PM), hepatic metastasis (HM) and distant lymph node metastasis (dLNM)) were divided into one discovery (N = 40), one training (N = 40) and one validating cohort (N = 86), then assessed by sEV-miRNA-sequencing and sEV-miRNA-qPCR. Functional explorations were also performed for verification. RESULTS The expression profiles of sEV-miRNAs varied greatly across different metastatic patterns. Based on logistic regression models, we constructed signatures for M0 (hsa-miR-186-5p/hsa-miR-200c-3p/hsa-miR-429/hsa-miR-5187-5p/hsa-miR-548ae-5p), PM (hsa-miR-200c-3p/hsa-miR-429), HM (hsa-miR-200c-3p/hsa-miR-429) and dLNM (hsa-miR-324-5p/hsa-miR-374a-5p/hsa-miR-429/hsa-miR-548ae-5p). These signatures vigorously characterized organo-tropic metastasis (all displaying AUC > 0.8, consistency ≥ 75%), and effectively conjectured the risk of future metastasis within 5 years (accuracy 45.5% for occurrence, 70% for organotropism, P = 0.002 for prognostic diversity). Additionally, we explored these seven biomarker miRNAs' impact on GC's in vitro motility and discussed their potential involvement in cancer-related biological processes and pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlighted that plasma sEV-miRNAs powerfully characterized and predicted the organo-tropic metastasis of GC and provided new insight into the applications of sEV-based liquid biopsy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Fangli Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of R&D, Echo Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of R&D, Echo Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyi Kong
- Department of R&D, Echo Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Lim SM, Yang SD, Lim S, Heo SG, Daniel S, Markovets A, Minoo R, Pyo KH, Yun MR, Hong MH, Kim HR, Cho BC. Molecular landscape of osimertinib resistance in patients and patient-derived preclinical models. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221079125. [PMID: 35251316 PMCID: PMC8891830 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221079125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is approved for the use of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this study, we investigated the acquired resistance mechanisms in NSCLC patients and patient-derived preclinical models. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples and plasma samples from 55 NSCLC patients who were treated with osimertinib were collected at baseline and at progressive disease (PD). Next-generation sequencing was performed in tumor and plasma samples using a 600-gene hybrid capture panel designed by AstraZeneca. Osimertinib-resistant cell lines and patient-derived xenografts and cells were generated and whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed. In vitro experiments were performed to functionally study the acquired mutations identified. Results: A total of 55 patients and a total of 149 samples (57 tumor samples and 92 plasma samples) were analyzed, and among them 36 patients had matched pre- and post-treatment samples. EGFR C797S (14%) mutation was the most frequent EGFR-dependent mechanism identified in all available progression samples, followed by EGFR G824D (6%), V726M (3%), and V843I (3%). Matched pre- and post-treatment sample analysis revealed in-depth acquired mechanisms of resistance. EGFR C797S was still most frequent (11%) among EGFR-dependent mechanism, while among EGFR-independent mechanisms, PIK3CA, ALK, BRAF, EP300, KRAS, and RAF1 mutations were detected. Among Osimertinib-resistant cell lines and patient-derived models, we noted acquired mutations which were potentially targetable such as NRAS p.Q61K, in which resistance could be overcome with combination of osimertinib and trametinib. A patient-derived xenograft established from osimertinib-resistant patient revealed KRAS p.G12D mutation which could be overcome with combination of osimertinib, trametinib, and buparlisib. Conclusion: In this study, we explored the genetic profiles of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC patient samples using targeted deep sequencing. In vitro and in vivo models harboring osimertinib resistance revealed potential novel treatment strategies after osimertinib failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - San-Duk Yang
- Department of Cyber Security & AI Technology, Kyung Hee Cyber University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Lim
- Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stetson Daniel
- Translational Science, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rafati Minoo
- Translational Science, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaYonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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137
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Chen HN, Shu Y, Liao F, Liao X, Zhang H, Qin Y, Wang Z, Luo M, Liu Q, Xue Z, Cao M, Zhang S, Zhang WH, Hou Q, Xia X, Luo H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Hu JK, Fu X, Liu B, Hu H, Huang C, Peng Y, Cheng W, Dai L, Yang L, Zhang W, Dong B, Li Y, Wei Y, Xu H, Zhou ZG. Genomic evolution and diverse models of systemic metastases in colorectal cancer. Gut 2022; 71:322-332. [PMID: 33632712 PMCID: PMC8762014 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The systemic spread of colorectal cancer (CRC) is dominated by the portal system and exhibits diverse patterns of metastasis without systematical genomic investigation. Here, we evaluated the genomic evolution of CRC with multiorgan metastases using multiregion sequencing. DESIGN Whole-exome sequencing was performed on multiple regions (n=74) of matched primary tumour, adjacent non-cancerous mucosa, liver metastasis and lung metastasis from six patients with CRC. Phylogenetic reconstruction and evolutionary analyses were used to investigate the metastatic seeding pattern and clonal origin. Recurrent driver gene mutations were analysed across patients and validated in two independent cohorts. Metastatic assays were performed to examine the effect of the novel driver gene on the malignant behaviour of CRC cells. RESULTS Based on the migration patterns and clonal origins, three models were revealed (sequential, branch-off and diaspora), which not only supported the anatomic assumption that CRC cells spread to lung after clonally expanding in the liver, but also illustrated the direct seeding of extrahepatic metastases from primary tumours independently. Unlike other cancer types, polyphyletic seeding occurs in CRC, which may result in late metastases with intermetastatic driver gene heterogeneity. In cases with rapid dissemination, we found recurrent trunk loss-of-function mutations in ZFP36L2, which is enriched in metastatic CRC and associated with poor overall survival. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ZFP36L2 enhances the metastatic potential of CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our results provide genomic evidence for metastatic evolution and indicate that biopsy/sequencing of metastases may be considered for patients with CRC with multiorgan or late postoperative metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuluo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhinan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shouyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuyang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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138
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Kang M, Na HY, Ahn S, Kim JW, Lee S, Ahn S, Lee JH, Youk J, Kim HT, Kim KJ, Suh KJ, Lee JS, Kim SH, Kim JW, Kim YJ, Lee KW, Yoon YS, Kim JH, Chung JH, Han HS, Lee JS. Gallbladder adenocarcinomas undergo subclonal diversification and selection from precancerous lesions to metastatic tumors. eLife 2022; 11:78636. [PMID: 36476508 PMCID: PMC9771369 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories of gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) using multi-regional and longitudinal tumor samples. Using whole-exome sequencing data, we constructed phylogenetic trees in each patient and analyzed mutational signatures. A total of 11 patients including 2 rapid autopsy cases were enrolled. The most frequently altered gene in primary tumors was ERBB2 and TP53 (54.5%), followed by FBXW7 (27.3%). Most mutations in frequently altered genes in primary tumors were detectable in concurrent precancerous lesions (biliary intraepithelial neoplasia [BilIN]), but a substantial proportion was subclonal. Subclonal diversity was common in BilIN (n=4). However, among subclones in BilIN, a certain subclone commonly shrank in concurrent primary tumors. In addition, selected subclones underwent linear and branching evolution, maintaining subclonal diversity. Combined analysis with metastatic tumors (n=11) identified branching evolution in nine patients (81.8%). Of these, eight patients (88.9%) had a total of 11 subclones expanded at least sevenfold during metastasis. These subclones harbored putative metastasis-driving mutations in cancer-related genes such as SMAD4, ROBO1, and DICER1. In mutational signature analysis, six mutational signatures were identified: 1, 3, 7, 13, 22, and 24 (cosine similarity >0.9). Signatures 1 (age) and 13 (APOBEC) decreased during metastasis while signatures 22 (aristolochic acid) and 24 (aflatoxin) were relatively highlighted. Subclonal diversity arose early in precancerous lesions and clonal selection was a common event during malignant transformation in GBAC. However, selected cancer clones continued to evolve and thus maintained subclonal diversity in metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea,Genealogy IncSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Center for Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Medical Research Collaboration Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Youk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Haesook T Kim
- Department of Data Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun Suh Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
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139
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Gu S, Xu J, Teng W, Huang X, Mei H, Chen X, Nie G, Cui Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang K. Local delivery of biocompatible lentinan/chitosan composite for prolonged inhibition of postoperative breast cancer recurrence. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:233-245. [PMID: 34871653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Postsurgical localized chemotherapy for breast cancer recurrence (BCR) still faces many problems which dampen researchers' enthusiasm and discounted prognosis. Simple strategies with controllable toxicities are expected to address these hurdles. Lentinan (LNT) has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity but rather low bioavailability after intravenous or oral administration. Here, a sponge-like LNT/chitosan composite (LNT/CS sponge) was prepared for efficient local delivery to prevent postoperative BCR. The obtained sponges exhibit uniform porosity and sustained release of LNT in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the sponges were implanted and showed significant reduction of postsurgical recurrence and suppression of long-term tumor regrowth with favorable biocompatibility in a subcutaneous postsurgical recurrence mouse model. Subsequent studies revealed that LNT can restrain the stemness of breast cancer cells, which may account for the long-term inhibition of tumor relapse. Therefore, LNT/CS sponge has a great potential as a promising alternative for postsurgical BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wangtianzi Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xinting Chen
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 315010 Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiqiu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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140
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Liu J, Shen J, Mu C, Liu Y, He D, Luo H, Wu W, Zheng X, Liu Y, Chen S, Pan Q, Hu Y, Ni Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li Z. High-dose vitamin D metabolite delivery inhibits breast cancer metastasis. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10263. [PMID: 35111955 PMCID: PMC8780911 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its well-known benefits on human health, calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, has been being evaluated in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. However, currently available results are contradictory and not fundamentally deciphered. To the best of our knowledge, hypercalcemia caused by high-dose calcitriol administration and its low bioavailability limit its anticancer investigations and translations. Here, we show that the one-step self-assembly of calcitriol and amphiphilic cholesterol-based conjugates leads to the formation of a stable minimalist micellar nanosystem. When administered to mice, this nanosystem demonstrates high calcitriol doses in breast tumor cells, significant tumor growth inhibition and antimetastasis capability, as well as good biocompatibility. We further reveal that the underlying molecular antimetastatic mechanisms involve downregulation of proteins facilitating metastasis and upregulation of paxillin, the key protein of focal adhesion, in primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
- Respiratory Health InstituteFrontiers Science Center for Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junyi Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyang Mu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xun Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rare Disease Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC‐University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yiguo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
| | - Yinyun Ni
- Respiratory Health InstituteFrontiers Science Center for Disease Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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141
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Gui P, Bivona TG. Evolution of metastasis: new tools and insights. Trends Cancer 2021; 8:98-109. [PMID: 34872888 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is an evolutionary process occurring across multiple organs and timescales. Due to its continuous and dynamic nature, this multifaceted process has been challenging to investigate and remains incompletely understood, in part due to the lack of tools capable of probing genomic evolution at high enough resolution. However, technological advances in genetic sequencing and editing have provided new and powerful methods to refine our understanding of the complex series of events that lead to metastatic dissemination. In this review, we summarize the latest genetic and lineage-tracing approaches developed to unravel the genetic evolution of metastasis. The findings that have emerged have enhanced our comprehension of the mechanistic trajectories and timescales of metastasis and could provide new strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gui
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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142
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Abstract
Cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs) are widespread second messenger signalling molecules that regulate fundamental biological processes across the tree of life. These molecules are also potent modulators of the immune system, inducing a Type I interferon response upon binding to the eukaryotic receptor STING. Such a response in tumours induces potent immune anti-cancer responses and thus CDNs are being developed as a novel cancer immunotherapy. In this review, I will highlight the use, challenges and advantages of using naturally occurring CDNs to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Waters
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 5180 Biomedical and Physical Sciences, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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143
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Current status of intratumour microbiome in cancer and engineered exogenous microbiota as a promising therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112443. [PMID: 34847476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between microbiome and cancer has made significant progress in the past few decades. It is now known that the gut microbiome has multiple effects on tumour biology. However, the relationship between intratumoral bacteria and cancers remains unclear. Growing evidence suggests that intratumoral bacteria are important components of the microenvironment in several types of cancers. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that intratumoral bacteria may directly influence tumorigenesis, progression and responses to treatment. Limited studies have been conducted on intratumoral bacteria, and using intratumoral bacteria to treat tumours remains a challenge. Bacteria have been studied as anticancer therapeutics since the 19th century when William B. Coley successfully treated patients with inoperable sarcomas using Streptococcus pyogenes. With the development of synthetic biological approaches, several bacterial species have been genetically engineered to increase their applicability for cancer treatment. Genetically engineered bacteria for cancer therapy have unique properties compared to other treatment methods. They can specifically accumulate within tumours and inhibit cancer growth. In addition, genetically engineered bacteria may be used as a vector to deliver antitumour agents or combined with radiation and chemotherapy to synergise the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, various problems in treating tumours with genetically engineered bacteria need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the role of intratumoral bacteria on tumour initiation, progression and responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Moreover, we summarised the recent progress in the treatment of tumours with genetically engineered bacteria.
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144
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Liu M, Yang J, Xu B, Zhang X. Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:587-617. [PMID: 34977870 PMCID: PMC8706758 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Bushu Xu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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145
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Wörmann SM, Zhang A, Thege FI, Cowan RW, Rupani DN, Wang R, Manning SL, Gates C, Wu W, Levin-Klein R, Rajapakshe KI, Yu M, Multani AS, Kang Y, Taniguchi CM, Schlacher K, Bellin MD, Katz MHG, Kim MP, Fleming JB, Gallinger S, Maddipati R, Harris RS, Notta F, Ross SR, Maitra A, Rhim AD. APOBEC3A drives deaminase domain-independent chromosomal instability to promote pancreatic cancer metastasis. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1338-1356. [PMID: 35121902 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts in understanding its underlying mechanisms, the etiology of chromosomal instability (CIN) remains unclear for many tumor types. Here, we identify CIN initiation as a previously undescribed function for APOBEC3A (A3A), a cytidine deaminase upregulated across cancer types. Using genetic mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and genomics analyses in human tumor cells we show that A3A-induced CIN leads to aggressive tumors characterized by enhanced early dissemination and metastasis in a STING-dependent manner and independently of the canonical deaminase functions of A3A. We show that A3A upregulation recapitulates numerous copy number alterations commonly observed in patients with PDA, including co-deletions in DNA repair pathway genes, which in turn render these tumors susceptible to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. Overall, our results demonstrate that A3A plays an unexpected role in PDA as a specific driver of CIN, with significant effects on disease progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Wörmann
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Amy Zhang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fredrik I Thege
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Cowan
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dhwani N Rupani
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Runsheng Wang
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara L Manning
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chris Gates
- BRCF Bioinformatics Core, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weisheng Wu
- BRCF Bioinformatics Core, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rena Levin-Klein
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kimal I Rajapakshe
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meifang Yu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melena D Bellin
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Schulze Diabetes Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew H G Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Ravikanth Maddipati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan R Ross
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
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146
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Tang WF, Fu R, Liang Y, Lin JS, Qiu ZB, Wu YL, Zhong WZ. Genomic Evolution of Lung Cancer Metastasis: Current Status and Perspectives. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1252-1256. [PMID: 34841730 PMCID: PMC8696231 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528403, P. R. China
| | - Rui Fu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528403, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Shan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528403, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Bin Qiu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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147
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Lue KH, Chu SC, Wang LY, Chen YC, Li MH, Chang BS, Chan SC, Chen YH, Lin CB, Liu SH. Tumor glycolytic heterogeneity improves detection of regional nodal metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 36:256-266. [PMID: 34817824 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET for detecting regional lymph node metastasis in resectable lung cancer is variable, and its sensitivity for adenocarcinoma is even lower. We aimed to evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET-derived features in predicting pathological lymph node metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-derived features of 126 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent curative surgery. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between study variables and pathological regional lymph node status obtained from the curative surgery. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis was used to test the effect of the study variables on survival outcomes, including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The primary tumor entropy (OR = 1.7, p = 0.014) and visual interpretation of regional nodes via 18F-FDG PET (OR = 2.5, p = 0.026) independently predicted pathological regional lymph node metastasis. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves were 0.631, 0.671, and 0.711 for visual interpretation, primary tumor entropy, and their combination, respectively. Based on visual interpretation, a primary tumor entropy ≥ 3.0 improved the positive predictive value of positive visual interpretation from 51.2% to 63.0%, whereas an entropy < 3.0 improved the negative predictive value of negative visual interpretation from 75.3% to 82.6%. In cases with positive visual interpretation and low entropy, or negative visual interpretation and high entropy, the nodal metastasis rates were approximately 30%. In the survival analyses, the primary tumor entropy was also independently associated with DFS (HR = 2.7, p = 0.001) and OS (HR = 4.8, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show that the primary tumor entropy may improve 18F-FDG PET visual interpretation in predicting pathological nodal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, and may also show a survival prognostic value. This versatile biomarker may facilitate tailored therapeutic strategies for patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Lue
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chao Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Wang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Li
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bee-Song Chang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Chan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Bin Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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148
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Radiotherapy at oligoprogression for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: a multi-institutional analysis. Radiol Med 2021; 127:108-116. [PMID: 34748151 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively estimate the impact of radiotherapy as a progression-directed therapy (PDT) in oligoprogressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients under androgen receptor-target therapy (ARTT). MATERIALS AND METHODS mCRPC patients are treated with PDT. End-points were time to next-line systemic treatment (NEST), radiological progression-free survival (r-PFS) and overall survival (OS). Toxicity was registered according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method; univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were analyzed. The median follow-up after PDT was 25.2 months (interquartile, 17.1-44.5). One-year NEST-free survival, r-PFS and OS were 49.8%, 50.4% and 82.1%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, polymetastatic condition at diagnosis of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) (HR 2.82, p = 0.004) and PSA doubling time at diagnosis of mCRPC (HR 2.76, p = 0.006) were associated with NEST-free survival. The same variables were associated with r-PFS (HR 2.32, p = 0.021; HR 2.24, p = 0.021). One patient developed late grade ≥ 2 toxicity. CONCLUSION Our study shows that radiotherapy in oligoprogressive mCRPC is safe, is effective and seems to prolong the efficacy of ARTT in patients who otherwise would have gone systemic treatment switch, positively affecting disease progression. Prospective trials are needed.
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149
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Godet I, Mamo M, Thurnheer A, Rosen DM, Gilkes DM. Post-Hypoxic Cells Promote Metastatic Recurrence after Chemotherapy Treatment in TNBC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215509. [PMID: 34771673 PMCID: PMC8583122 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intratumoral hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer progression and recurrence. By implementing a hypoxia fate-mapping system, we followed cells that experience intratumoral hypoxia in vivo and determined that these cells have an increased ability to metastasize compared to cells that were never exposed to hypoxia. In this work, we investigate whether cells that experienced intratumoral hypoxia are also resistant to chemotherapy. By utilizing both in vivo and ex vivo models, we conclude that metastatic cells found in the lung and liver, that were exposed to hypoxia in the primary tumor, are less sensitive to doxorubicin and paclitaxel and drive recurrence after treatment. Our studies also suggest that chemoresistance is associated with a cancer stem cell-like phenotype that is maintained in post-hypoxic cells. Abstract Hypoxia occurs in 90% of solid tumors and is associated with treatment failure, relapse, and mortality. HIF-1α signaling promotes resistance to chemotherapy in cancer cell lines and murine models via multiple mechanisms including the enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). In this work, we utilize a hypoxia fate-mapping system to determine whether triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that experience hypoxia in the primary tumor are resistant to chemotherapy at sites of metastasis. Using two orthotopic mouse models of TNBC, we demonstrate that cells that experience intratumoral hypoxia and metastasize to the lung and liver have decreased sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel but not cisplatin or 5-FU. Resistance to therapy leads to metastatic recurrence caused by post-hypoxic cells. We further determined that the post-hypoxic cells that metastasize are enriched in pathways related to cancer stem cell gene expression. Overall, our results show that even when hypoxic cancer cells are reoxygenated in the bloodstream they retain a hypoxia-induced cancer stem cell-like phenotype that persists and promotes resistance and eventually recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Godet
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mahelet Mamo
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Andrea Thurnheer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - D. Marc Rosen
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; (I.G.); (M.M.); (D.M.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
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150
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Yu T, Gao X, Zheng Z, Zhao X, Zhang S, Li C, Liu G. Intratumor Heterogeneity as a Prognostic Factor in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744064. [PMID: 34722299 PMCID: PMC8554141 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The landscape of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is present from the tumor evolution. ITH is a promising clinical indicator, but the association between ITH and prognosis remains controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to explore whether ITH can serve as a valuable prognostic indicator in solid tumors. Methods All included studies were from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases up to October 10, 2020. Studies based on ITH with available prognostic information were included. Three researchers independently completed study selection and data extraction following PRISMA guidelines. The random-effect model was used for synthesis. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used with the endpoint defined by overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 9,804 solid tumor patients from 21 studies were included. Analysis of specific cancers in the TCGA database showed similar results based on different ITH assessment methods, which provided the logical support for data consolidation. Available evidence revealed a negative relationship between ITH and prognosis for a specific cancer (such as lung cancer). However, the OS results from 14 tumor types showed that high ITH associated with shorter survival time [HR 1.65 (95% CI, 1.42-1.91)]. PFS and DFS analyses showed similar results [HR 1.89 (95% CI, 1.41-2.54) and HR 1.87 (95% CI, 1.15-3.04)] in general. The status of tumor metastasis and sampling models were not the confounding factors. Conclusions High ITH is associated with worse prognosis in many solid tumors in general although this association was absent for some cancers. ITH is expected to be a promising clinical prognostic factor for the improvement of assessment, treatment, and surveillance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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