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Gieseler A, Hillert R, Krusche A, Zacher KH. Theme 5 Human cell biology and pathology. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:188-205. [PMID: 31702463 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1646993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The delay from onset of the first symptoms to a definite ALS diagnosis depends also on the elusiveness of the initial clinical manifestations. The lack of disease-specific biomarkers to detect early pathology when ALS is supposed complicates the situation. This latency reduces the therapeutic time frame, in which neuron-rescuing strategies exert their greatest chance to work. Various biomarkers are currently promised, but none of them are specific enough to allow monitoring of disease progression. This, as well as the heterogeneity of the disease concerning clinical onset pattern and survival rates, makes difficult the correct stratification of patients into clinical trials, masking the potential positive outcome in some patients.Objective: Our main objective is to establish and test an early diagnostic tool based on microscopic immune cell monitoring of ALS patients' blood samples by using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS).Methods: TIS is based on automatically controlled microscopic device involving conjugated dye-tag incubation, protein-tag-dye-imaging, and tag-dye bleaching (1). This leads to the collection of at least 21 cycle images of fixated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from freshly drawn blood of ALS patients and healthy "control" donors. Resulting data sets contain combinatorial molecular information about the spatial protein network, called toponome. The PBMC toponome architectures are quantitatively analyzed as a threshold-binary code with 1 = protein is present and 0 = protein is absent.Results: Preliminary screening data of PBMCs from 4 ALS patients reveal a subpopulation of lymphocytes expressing a specific surface protein pattern, called "ALS toponome". These aberrant T cells could not be found in blood samples of controls. We observe that the number of these cells correlate with the ALS progression rate of patients, supporting the conclusion that these cells may be causal for the disease.Discussion and conclusion: Although these findings open up a potential strategy to detect early ALS disease and to monitor disease progression, a statistical analysis with many more patients, as well as data based differentiation to other neurodegenerative diseases, is mandatory. A clinical trial initiated by our faceALS foundation with at least 60 patients classified in three subsets (1. control, 2. ALS, and 3. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) and in close cooperation with leading ALS centres in Germany is still in progress. The detection of specific and/or aberrant immune cells in blood samples of ALS patients may provide a key to understand disease onset and progression, could be used for the "staging" of disease, and contribute to effective therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gieseler
- FaceALS foundation, Centre for Neuroscientific Innovation and Technology (ZENIT), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Reyk Hillert
- FaceALS foundation, Centre for Neuroscientific Innovation and Technology (ZENIT), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Krusche
- FaceALS foundation, Centre for Neuroscientific Innovation and Technology (ZENIT), Magdeburg, Germany
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103
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Liao YC, Fernandopulle MS, Wang G, Choi H, Hao L, Drerup CM, Patel R, Qamar S, Nixon-Abell J, Shen Y, Meadows W, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ, Nelson M, Czekalska MA, Musteikyte G, Gachechiladze MA, Stephens CA, Pasolli HA, Forrest LR, St George-Hyslop P, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ward ME. RNA Granules Hitchhike on Lysosomes for Long-Distance Transport, Using Annexin A11 as a Molecular Tether. Cell 2019; 179:147-164.e20. [PMID: 31539493 PMCID: PMC6890474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance RNA transport enables local protein synthesis at metabolically-active sites distant from the nucleus. This process ensures an appropriate spatial organization of proteins, vital to polarized cells such as neurons. Here, we present a mechanism for RNA transport in which RNA granules "hitchhike" on moving lysosomes. In vitro biophysical modeling, live-cell microscopy, and unbiased proximity labeling proteomics reveal that annexin A11 (ANXA11), an RNA granule-associated phosphoinositide-binding protein, acts as a molecular tether between RNA granules and lysosomes. ANXA11 possesses an N-terminal low complexity domain, facilitating its phase separation into membraneless RNA granules, and a C-terminal membrane binding domain, enabling interactions with lysosomes. RNA granule transport requires ANXA11, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated mutations in ANXA11 impair RNA granule transport by disrupting their interactions with lysosomes. Thus, ANXA11 mediates neuronal RNA transport by tethering RNA granules to actively-transported lysosomes, performing a critical cellular function that is disrupted in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guozhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Heejun Choi
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - William Meadows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | | | - Greta Musteikyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
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104
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Perrone B, La Cognata V, Sprovieri T, Ungaro C, Conforti FL, Andò S, Cavallaro S. Alternative Splicing of ALS Genes: Misregulation and Potential Therapies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:1-14. [PMID: 31385134 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's disease affect a rapidly increasing population worldwide. Although common pathogenic mechanisms have been identified (e.g., protein aggregation or dysfunction, immune response alteration and axonal degeneration), the molecular events underlying timing, dosage, expression, and location of RNA molecules are still not fully elucidated. In particular, the alternative splicing (AS) mechanism is a crucial player in RNA processing and represents a fundamental determinant for brain development, as well as for the physiological functions of neuronal circuits. Although in recent years our knowledge of AS events has increased substantially, deciphering the molecular interconnections between splicing and ALS remains a complex task and still requires considerable efforts. In the present review, we will summarize the current scientific evidence outlining the involvement of AS in the pathogenic processes of ALS. We will also focus on recent insights concerning the tuning of splicing mechanisms by epigenomic and epi-transcriptomic regulation, providing an overview of the available genomic technologies to investigate AS drivers on a genome-wide scale, even at a single-cell level resolution. In the future, gene therapy strategies and RNA-based technologies may be utilized to intercept or modulate the splicing mechanism and produce beneficial effects against ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Perrone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Sprovieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmine Ungaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
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105
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Parakh S, Perri ER, Jagaraj CJ, Ragagnin AMG, Atkin JD. Rab-dependent cellular trafficking and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 53:623-651. [PMID: 30741580 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1553926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are becoming increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, although their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been somewhat overlooked. However, dysfunction of intracellular transport is gaining increasing attention as a pathogenic mechanism in ALS. Many previous studies have focused axonal trafficking, and the extreme length of axons in motor neurons may contribute to their unique susceptibility in this disorder. In contrast, the role of transport defects within the cell body has been relatively neglected. Similarly, whilst Rab GTPases control all intracellular membrane trafficking events, their role in ALS is poorly understood. Emerging evidence now highlights this family of proteins in ALS, particularly the discovery that C9orf72 functions in intra transport in conjunction with several Rab GTPases. Here, we summarize recent updates on cellular transport defects in ALS, with a focus on Rab GTPases and how their dysfunction may specifically target neurons and contribute to pathophysiology. We discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with dysfunction of Rab proteins in ALS. Finally, we also discuss dysfunction in other modes of transport recently implicated in ALS, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and the ER-mitochondrial contact regions (MAM compartment), and speculate whether these may also involve Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parakh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - E R Perri
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C J Jagaraj
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - A M G Ragagnin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - J D Atkin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
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106
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Iacoangeli A, Al Khleifat A, Sproviero W, Shatunov A, Jones AR, Opie-Martin S, Naselli E, Topp SD, Fogh I, Hodges A, Dobson RJ, Newhouse SJ, Al-Chalabi A. ALSgeneScanner: a pipeline for the analysis and interpretation of DNA sequencing data of ALS patients. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:207-215. [PMID: 30835568 PMCID: PMC6567555 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1562553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, MND) is a neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons resulting in death from neuromuscular respiratory failure, typically within two years of first symptoms. Genetic factors are an important cause of ALS, with variants in more than 25 genes having strong evidence, and weaker evidence available for variants in more than 120 genes. With the increasing availability of next-generation sequencing data, non-specialists, including health care professionals and patients, are obtaining their genomic information without a corresponding ability to analyze and interpret it. Furthermore, the relevance of novel or existing variants in ALS genes is not always apparent. Here we present ALSgeneScanner, a tool that is easy to install and use, able to provide an automatic, detailed, annotated report, on a list of ALS genes from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data in a few hours and whole exome sequence data in about 1 h on a readily available mid-range computer. This will be of value to non-specialists and aid in the interpretation of the relevance of novel and existing variants identified in DNA sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley R. Jones
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Opie-Martin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ersilia Naselli
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simon D. Topp
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J. Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
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107
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Gelfman S, Dugger S, de Araujo Martins Moreno C, Ren Z, Wolock CJ, Shneider NA, Phatnani H, Cirulli ET, Lasseigne BN, Harris T, Maniatis T, Rouleau GA, Brown RH, Gitler AD, Myers RM, Petrovski S, Allen A, Goldstein DB, Harms MB. A new approach for rare variation collapsing on functional protein domains implicates specific genic regions in ALS. Genome Res 2019; 29:809-818. [PMID: 30940688 PMCID: PMC6499321 DOI: 10.1101/gr.243592.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale sequencing efforts in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have implicated novel genes using gene-based collapsing methods. However, pathogenic mutations may be concentrated in specific genic regions. To address this, we developed two collapsing strategies: One focuses rare variation collapsing on homology-based protein domains as the unit for collapsing, and the other is a gene-level approach that, unlike standard methods, leverages existing evidence of purifying selection against missense variation on said domains. The application of these two collapsing methods to 3093 ALS cases and 8186 controls of European ancestry, and also 3239 cases and 11,808 controls of diversified populations, pinpoints risk regions of ALS genes, including SOD1, NEK1, TARDBP, and FUS. While not clearly implicating novel ALS genes, the new analyses not only pinpoint risk regions in known genes but also highlight candidate genes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Gelfman
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah Dugger
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | | | - Zhong Ren
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Charles J Wolock
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Neil A Shneider
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Motor Neuron Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,New York Genome Center, New York, New York 10013, USA
| | | | | | - Tim Harris
- SV Health Investors, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew Allen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Motor Neuron Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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108
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Two rare variants of the ANXA11 gene identified in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 74:235.e9-235.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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109
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Abstract
Purpose of review In this review we highlight recent advances in the human genetics of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition to providing a broad survey of genes implicated in FTD in the last several years, we also discuss variation in genes implicated in both hereditary leukodystrophies and risk for FTD (e.g., TREM2, TMEM106B, CSF1R, AARS2, NOTCH3). Recent findings Over the past five years, genetic variation in approximately 50 genes has been confirmed or suggested to cause or influence risk for FTD and FTD-spectrum disorders. We first give background and discuss recent findings related to C9ORF72, GRN and MAPT, the genes most commonly implicated in FTD. We then provide a broad overview of other FTD-associated genes and go on to discuss new findings in FTD genetics in East Asian populations, including pathogenic variation in CHCHD10, which may represent a frequent cause of disease in Chinese populations. Finally, we consider recent insights gleaned from genome-wide association and genetic pleiotropy studies. Summary Recent genetic discoveries highlight cellular pathways involving autophagy, the endolysosomal system and neuroinflammation, and reveal an intriguing overlap between genes that confer risk for leukodystrophy and FTD.
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110
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Markmiller S, Soltanieh S, Server KL, Mak R, Jin W, Fang MY, Luo EC, Krach F, Yang D, Sen A, Fulzele A, Wozniak JM, Gonzalez DJ, Kankel MW, Gao FB, Bennett EJ, Lécuyer E, Yeo GW. Context-Dependent and Disease-Specific Diversity in Protein Interactions within Stress Granules. Cell 2019; 172:590-604.e13. [PMID: 29373831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are transient ribonucleoprotein (RNP) aggregates that form during cellular stress and are increasingly implicated in human neurodegeneration. To study the proteome and compositional diversity of SGs in different cell types and in the context of neurodegeneration-linked mutations, we used ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) proximity labeling, mass spectrometry, and immunofluorescence to identify ∼150 previously unknown human SG components. A highly integrated, pre-existing SG protein interaction network in unstressed cells facilitates rapid coalescence into larger SGs. Approximately 20% of SG diversity is stress or cell-type dependent, with neuronal SGs displaying a particularly complex repertoire of proteins enriched in chaperones and autophagy factors. Strengthening the link between SGs and neurodegeneration, we demonstrate aberrant dynamics, composition, and subcellular distribution of SGs in cells from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Using three Drosophila ALS/FTD models, we identify SG-associated modifiers of neurotoxicity in vivo. Altogether, our results highlight SG proteins as central to understanding and ultimately targeting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Markmiller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Sahar Soltanieh
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Kari L Server
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Raymond Mak
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenhao Jin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Mark Y Fang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - En-Ching Luo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Dejun Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anindya Sen
- Neuromuscular & Movement Disorders, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark W Kankel
- Neuromuscular & Movement Disorders, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Lécuyer
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Molecular Engineering Laboratory, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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111
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Tramutola A, Abate G, Lanzillotta C, Triani F, Barone E, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Castagnola M, Marziano M, Memo M, Garrafa E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Uberti D. Protein nitration profile of CD3 + lymphocytes from Alzheimer disease patients: Novel hints on immunosenescence and biomarker detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:430-439. [PMID: 30321702 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive form of dementia characterized by increased production of amyloid-β plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated oxidative stress, reduced protein clearance, among other. Several studies showed systemic modifications of immune and inflammatory systems due, in part, to decreased levels of CD3+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood in AD. Considering that oxidative stress, both in the brain and in the periphery, can influence the activation and differentiation of T-cells, we investigated the 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) proteome of blood T-cells derived from AD patients compared to non-demented (ND) subjects by using a proteomic approach. 3-NT is a formal protein oxidation and index of nitrosative stress. We identified ten proteins showing increasing levels of 3-NT in CD3+ T-cells from AD patients compared with ND subjects. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeletal structure, intracellular signaling, protein folding and turnover, and antioxidant response and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism that impact reduced T-cell differentiation in AD. Our results highlight the role of peripheral oxidative stress in T-cells related to immune-senescence during AD pathology focusing on the specific targets of protein nitration that conceivably can be suitable to further therapies. Further, our data demonstrate common targets of protein nitration between the brain and the periphery, supporting their significance as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Triani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Marziano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Theme 1 Genetics and genomics. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:91-111. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1510210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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113
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Theme 3 In vivo experimental models. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:130-153. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1510570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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114
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Shibata H. Adaptor functions of the Ca 2+-binding protein ALG-2 in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:20-32. [PMID: 30259798 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1525274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2) is a Ca2+-binding protein with five repetitive EF-hand motifs, named penta-EF-hand (PEF) domain. It interacts with various target proteins and functions as a Ca2+-dependent adaptor in diverse cellular activities. In the cytoplasm, ALG-2 is predominantly localized to a specialized region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), called the ER exit site (ERES), through its interaction with Sec31A. Sec31A is an outer coat protein of coat protein complex II (COPII) and is recruited from the cytosol to the ERES to form COPII-coated transport vesicles. I will overview current knowledge of the physiological significance of ALG-2 in regulating ERES localization of Sec31A and the following adaptor functions of ALG-2, including bridging Sec31A and annexin A11 to stabilize Sec31A at the ERES, polymerizing the Trk-fused gene (TFG) product, and linking MAPK1-interacting and spindle stabilizing (MISS)-like (MISSL) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) to promote anterograde transport from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Shibata
- a Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku , Nagoya , Japan
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115
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Zhang K, Liu Q, Liu K, Shen D, Tai H, Shu S, Ding Q, Fu H, Liu S, Wang Z, Li X, Liu M, Zhang X, Cui L. ANXA11 mutations prevail in Chinese ALS patients with and without cognitive dementia. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e237. [PMID: 29845112 PMCID: PMC5963931 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the genetic contribution of ANXA11, a gene associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in Chinese ALS patients with and without cognitive dementia. Methods Sequencing all the coding exons of ANXA11 and intron-exon boundaries in 18 familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), 353 unrelated sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS), and 12 Chinese patients with ALS-frontotemporal lobar dementia (ALS-FTD). The transcripts in peripheral blood generated from a splicing mutation were examined by reverse transcriptase PCR. Results We identified 6 nonsynonymous heterozygous mutations (5 novel and 1 recurrent), 1 splice site mutation, and 1 deletion of 10 amino acids (not accounted in the mutant frequency) in 11 unrelated patients, accounting for a mutant frequency of 5.6% (1/18) in FALS, 2.3% (8/353) in SALS, and 8.3% (1/12) in ALS-FTD. The deletion of 10 amino acids was detected in 1 clinically undetermined male with an ALS family history who had atrophy in hand muscles and myotonic discharges revealed by EMG. The novel p. P36R mutation was identified in 1 FALS index, 1 patient with SALS, and 1 ALS-FTD. The splicing mutation (c.174-2A>G) caused in-frame skipping of the entire exon 6. The rest missense mutations including p.D40G, p.V128M, p.S229R, p.R302C and p.G491R were found in 6 unrelated patients with SALS. Conclusions The ANXA11 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in Chinese patients with SALS. A canonical splice site mutation leading to skipping of the entire exon 6 further supports the loss-of-function mechanism. In addition, the study findings further expand the ANXA11 phenotype, first highlighting its pathogenic role in ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongchao Shen
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Tai
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Ding
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanhui Fu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangwu Liu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K.Z., Q.L., D.S., H.T., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.) and McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine (K.L., S.S., X.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College; and Neuroscience Center (K.Z., Q.L., K.L., D.S., H.T., S.S., Q.D., H.F., S.L., Z.W., X.L., M.L., X.Z., L.C.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nguyen HP, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J. ALS Genes in the Genomic Era and their Implications for FTD. Trends Genet 2018; 34:404-423. [PMID: 29605155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, characterized genetically by a disproportionately large contribution of rare genetic variation. Driven by advances in massive parallel sequencing and applied on large patient-control cohorts, systematic identification of these rare variants that make up the genetic architecture of ALS became feasible. In this review paper, we present a comprehensive overview of recently proposed ALS genes that were identified based on rare genetic variants (TBK1, CHCHD10, TUBA4A, CCNF, MATR3, NEK1, C21orf2, ANXA11, TIA1) and their potential relevance to frontotemporal dementia genetic etiology. As more causal and risk genes are identified, it has become apparent that affected individuals can carry multiple disease-associated variants. In light of this observation, we discuss the oligogenic architecture of ALS. To end, we highlight emerging key molecular processes and opportunities for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Phuoc Nguyen
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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117
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Lutz C. Mouse models of ALS: Past, present and future. Brain Res 2018; 1693:1-10. [PMID: 29577886 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing of both sporadic and familial patients of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has led to the identification of new genes that are both contributing and causative in the disease. This gene discovery has come at an unprecedented rate, and much of it in recent years. Knowledge of these genetic mutations provides us with opportunities to uncover new and related mechanisms, increasing our understanding of the disease and bringing us closer to defined therapies for patients. Mouse models have played an important role in our current understanding of the pathophysiology of ALS and have served as important preclinical models in testing new therapeutics. With these new gene discoveries, new mouse models will follow. The information derived from these new models will depend on the careful construction and importantly, an understanding of the capabilities and limitations of each of the models. The genetic discovery in ALS comes at a time when genetic engineering technologies in mice are highly efficient through CRISPR/Cas9 and can be applied to a wide array of genetic backgrounds. New mouse resources in the forms of the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred panels provide us with unique opportunities to study these mutations on diverse genetic backgrounds, and importantly in the context of a population. This review focuses on the mouse models of the past and present, and discusses exciting new opportunities for mouse models of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
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118
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Ferrarelli LK. Paper of note in
Science Translational Medicine
9
(388). Sci Signal 2017. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This week’s article uncovers why mutations in the vesicular trafficking protein annexin 11 are implicated in the neurodegenerative disease ALS.
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