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Nisar MA, Ross KE, Brown MH, Bentham R, Hinds J, Whiley H. Molecular screening and characterization of Legionella pneumophila associated free-living amoebae in domestic and hospital water systems. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119238. [PMID: 36270142 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae are ubiquitous in the environment and cause both opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in humans. Some genera of amoebae are natural reservoirs of opportunistic plumbing pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila. In this study, the presence of free-living amoebae and Legionella was investigated in 140 water and biofilm samples collected from Australian domestic (n = 68) and hospital water systems (n = 72). Each sample was screened in parallel using molecular and culture-based methods. Direct quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays showed that 41% samples were positive for Legionella, 33% for L. pneumophila, 11% for Acanthamoeba, and 55% for Vermamoeba vermiformis gene markers. Only 7% of samples contained culturable L. pneumophila serogroup (sg)1, L. pneumophila sg2-14, and non-pneumophila Legionella. In total, 69% of samples were positive for free-living amoebae using any method. Standard culturing found that 41% of the samples were positive for amoeba (either Acanthamoeba, Allovahlkampfia, Stenamoeba, or V. vermiformis). V. vermiformis showed the highest overall frequency of occurrence. Acanthamoeba and V. vermiformis isolates demonstrated high thermotolerance and osmotolerance and strong broad spectrum bacteriogenic activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Importantly, all Legionella positive samples were also positive for amoeba, and this co-occurrence was statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization, V. vermiformis and Allovahlkampfia harboured intracellular L. pneumophila. To our knowledge, this is the first time Allovahlkampfia and Stenamoeba have been demonstrated as hosts of L. pneumophila in potable water. These results demonstrate the importance of amoebae in engineered water systems, both as a pathogen and as a reservoir of Legionella. The high frequency of gymnamoebae detected in this study from Australian engineered water systems identifies an issue of significant public health concern. Future water management protocols should incorporate treatments strategies to control amoebae to reduce the risk to end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif Nisar
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kirstin E Ross
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Melissa H Brown
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Bentham
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Jason Hinds
- Enware Australia Pty Ltd, Caringbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Harriet Whiley
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
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Gerner RR, Hossain S, Sargun A, Siada K, Norton GJ, Zheng T, Neumann W, Nuccio SP, Nolan EM, Raffatellu M. Siderophore Immunization Restricted Colonization of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli and Ameliorated Experimental Colitis. mBio 2022; 13:e0218422. [PMID: 36094114 PMCID: PMC9600343 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02184-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and profound alterations to the gut microbiome. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is a mucosa-associated pathobiont that colonizes the gut of patients with Crohn's disease, a form of IBD. Because AIEC exacerbates gut inflammation, strategies to reduce the AIEC bloom during colitis are highly desirable. To thrive in the inflamed gut, Enterobacteriaceae acquire the essential metal nutrient iron by producing and releasing siderophores. Here, we implemented an immunization-based strategy to target the siderophores enterobactin and its glucosylated derivative salmochelin to reduce the AIEC bloom in the inflamed gut. Using chemical (dextran sulfate sodium) and genetic (Il10-/- mice) IBD mouse models, we showed that immunization with enterobactin conjugated to the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit B potently elicited mucosal and serum antibodies against these siderophores. Siderophore-immunized mice exhibited lower AIEC gut colonization, diminished AIEC association with the gut mucosa, and reduced colitis severity. Moreover, Peyer's patches and the colonic lamina propria harbored enterobactin-specific B cells that could be identified by flow cytometry. The beneficial effect of siderophore immunization was primarily B cell-dependent because immunized muMT-/- mice, which lack mature B lymphocytes, were not protected during AIEC infection. Collectively, our study identified siderophores as a potential therapeutic target to reduce AIEC colonization and its association with the gut mucosa, which ultimately may reduce colitis exacerbation. Moreover, this work provides the foundation for developing monoclonal antibodies against siderophores, which could provide a narrow-spectrum strategy to target the AIEC bloom in Crohn's disease patients. IMPORTANCE Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is abnormally prevalent in patients with ileal Crohn's disease and exacerbates intestinal inflammation, but treatment strategies that selectively target AIEC are unavailable. Iron is an essential micronutrient for most living organisms, and bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to capture iron from the host environment. AIEC produces siderophores, small, secreted molecules with a high affinity for iron. Here, we showed that immunization to elicit antibodies against siderophores promoted a reduction of the AIEC bloom, interfered with AIEC association with the mucosa, and mitigated colitis in experimental mouse models. We also established a flow cytometry-based approach to visualize and isolate siderophore-specific B cells, a prerequisite for engineering monoclonal antibodies against these molecules. Together, this work could lead to a more selective and antibiotic-sparing strategy to target AIEC in Crohn's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana R. Gerner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Suzana Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Artur Sargun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kareem Siada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Grant J. Norton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wilma Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Chiba University-University of California-San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, California, USA
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103
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Sauvaitre T, Van Landuyt J, Durif C, Roussel C, Sivignon A, Chalancon S, Uriot O, Van Herreweghen F, Van de Wiele T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S. Role of mucus-bacteria interactions in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) H10407 virulence and interplay with human microbiome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:86. [PMID: 36266277 PMCID: PMC9584927 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucus layer has a dual role in human health constituting a well-known microbial niche that supports gut microbiota maintenance but also acting as a physical barrier against enteric pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), the major agent responsible for traveler's diarrhea, is able to bind and degrade intestinal mucins, representing an important but understudied virulent trait of the pathogen. Using a set of complementary in vitro approaches simulating the human digestive environment, this study aimed to describe how the mucus microenvironment could shape different aspects of the human ETEC strain H10407 pathophysiology, namely its survival, adhesion, virulence gene expression, interleukin-8 induction and interactions with human fecal microbiota. Using the TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1) simulating the physicochemical conditions of the human upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, we reported that mucus secretion and physical surface sustained ETEC survival, probably by helping it to face GI stresses. When integrating the host part in Caco2/HT29-MTX co-culture model, we demonstrated that mucus secreting-cells favored ETEC adhesion and virulence gene expression, but did not impede ETEC Interleukin-8 (IL-8) induction. Furthermore, we proved that mucosal surface did not favor ETEC colonization in a complex gut microbial background simulated in batch fecal experiments. However, the mucus-specific microbiota was widely modified upon the ETEC challenge suggesting its role in the pathogen infectious cycle. Using multi-targeted in vitro approaches, this study supports the major role played by mucus in ETEC pathophysiology, opening avenues in the design of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Université Laval, Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), 2440 Bd Hochelaga Suite 1710, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ophélie Uriot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Van Herreweghen
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDIS), CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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104
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Screening of Spore-Forming Bacteria with Probiotic Potential in Pristine Algerian Caves. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0024822. [PMID: 36214685 PMCID: PMC9604054 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00248-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest and exploration of biodiversity in subsurface ecosystems have increased significantly during the last 2 decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro probiotic properties of spore-forming bacteria isolated from deep caves. Two hundred fifty spore-forming microbes were enriched from sediment samples from 10 different pristine caves in Algeria at different depths. Isolates showing nonpathogenic profiles were screened for their potential to produce digestive enzymes (gliadinase and beta-galactosidase) in solid and liquid media, respectively. Different probiotic potentialities were studied, including (i) growth at 37°C, (ii) survival in simulated gastric juice, (iii) survival in simulated intestinal fluid, and (iv) antibiotic sensitivity and cell surface properties. The results showed that out of 250 isolates, 13 isolates demonstrated nonpathogenic character, probiotic potentialities, and ability to hydrolyze gliadin and lactose in solution. These findings suggest that a selection of cave microbes might serve as a source of interesting candidates for probiotics. IMPORTANCE Previous microbial studies of subsurface ecosystems like caves focused mainly on the natural biodiversity in these systems. So far, only a few studies focused on the biotechnological potential of microbes in these systems, focusing in particular on their antibacterial potential, antibiotic production, and, to some extent, enzymatic potential. This study explores whether subsurface ecosystems can serve as an alternative source for microbes relevant to probiotics. The research focused on the ability of cave microbes to degrade two substrates (lactose and gliadin) that cause common digestive disorders. Since these enzymes may prove to be useful in food processing and in reducing the effect of lactose and gliadin digestion within intolerant patients, isolation of microbes such as in this study may expand the possibilities of developing alternative strategies to deal with these intolerances.
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105
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Jiao J, Bie M, Xu X, Duan D, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhao L. Entamoeba gingivalis is associated with periodontal conditions in Chinese young patients: A cross-sectional study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1020730. [PMID: 36275028 PMCID: PMC9585380 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the prevalence and relative abundance of Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) in Chinese young patients with different periodontal conditions, and its association with subgingival microbial composition, periodontal parameters, and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid. Methods Participants (age: 18–45 years) diagnosed with stage II–IV periodontitis, gingivitis, or periodontal health underwent periodontal examination and sampling. Subgingival plaque was analyzed by 16S+18S sequencing for E. gingivalis detection and microbial analysis. The distribution of E. gingivalis in subgingival plaque was illustrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in gingival crevicular fluid were measured by multiplexed flow cytometric assay. Results This cross-sectional study included 120 sites from 60 participants. The prevalence and relative abundance of E. gingivalis were significantly increased in periodontitis (p<0.05). The sites were classified into three subgroups according to the relative abundance of E. gingivalis: negative group (Eg0, n=56); low-abundance group (Eg1, n=32); and high-abundance group (Eg2, n=32). The subgingival microflora in the subgroups showed stepwise changes at both the phylum and genus levels. The microflora compositions were significantly altered from Eg0 to Eg2 (p<0.001). Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Porphyromonas, Treponema, Tannerella, Filifactor, TG5, and Desulfobulbus were highly correlated with E. gingivalis (r>0.6, p<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that E. gingivalis was closely associated with important periodontal parameters and cytokines (p<0.01). Conclusion E. gingivalis was enriched in periodontitis and closely associated with subgingival microbial dysbiosis, periodontal parameters and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid. Thus, it may be an important pathogen in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Jiao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Bie
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyu Duan
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao,
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106
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Abstract
Transmission of bacterial endospores between the environment and people and the following germination in vivo play critical roles in both the deadly infections of some bacterial pathogens and the stabilization of the commensal microbiotas in humans. Our knowledge about the germination process of different bacteria in the mammalian gut, however, is still very limited due to the lack of suitable tools to visually monitor this process. We proposed a two-step labeling strategy that can image and quantify the endospores' germination in the recipient's intestines. Endospores collected from donor's gut microbiota were first labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and transplanted to mice via gavage. The recipient mice were then administered with Cyanine5-tagged D-amino acid to label all the viable bacteria, including the germinated endospores, in their intestines in situ. The germinated donor endospores could be distinguished by presenting two types of fluorescent signals simultaneously. The integrative use of cell-sorting, 16S rDNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) staining of the two-colored bacteria unveiled the taxonomic information of the donor endospores that germinated in the recipient's gut. Using this strategy, we investigated effects of different germinants and pre-treatment interventions on their germination, and found that germination of different commensal bacterial genera was distinctly affected by various types of germinants. This two-color labeling strategy shows its potential as a versatile tool for visually monitoring endospore germination in the hosts and screening for new interventions to improve endospore-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Du
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huibin Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,CONTACT Chaoyong Yang
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wei Wang Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200127, China
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107
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Jiang L, Li J, Wang H, Ge Z, Zhang L, Peng Y. Segregation of effect between granules and flocs in PN/A system treating acrylic fiber wastewater: Performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135344. [PMID: 35709850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal of petrochemical wastewater through partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) is appealing, but its feasibility and stability under toxic inhibition remain unclear. This study started a PN/A granular sludge system in a membrane bioreactor and fed it with diluted acrylic fiber wastewater. During long-term operation, the nitritation and anammox performance remained stable at a 30% volume ratio, and declined with increasing volume ratio, resulting in deteriorated nitrogen removal. Meanwhile, the short-term inhibition batch tests further showed that ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) in the flocs were suppressed while anammox bacteria (AnAOB) in the granules were not affected. Further analysis indicated suppression of AnAOB over the long-term operation, which was mainly caused by the disintegration of granules as demonstrated by sludge morphology. This selective inhibition is associated with variational sludge morphology, and the distribution of functional bacteria plays an important role in the feasibility and stability of PN/A treating acrylic fiber wastewater. As above, this study demonstrated the feasibility of PN/A for acrylic fiber wastewater treatment, but wastewater dilution or pre-treatment is still required for efficient nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jialin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Hui Wang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Rayamajhee B, Sharma S, Willcox M, Henriquez FL, Rajagopal RN, Shrestha GS, Subedi D, Bagga B, Carnt N. Assessment of genotypes, endosymbionts and clinical characteristics of Acanthamoeba recovered from ocular infection. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:757. [PMID: 36175838 PMCID: PMC9520893 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acanthamoeba is an emerging pathogen, infamous for its resilience against antiprotozoal compounds, disinfectants and harsh environments. It is known to cause keratitis, a sight-threatening, painful and difficult to treat corneal infection which is often reported among contact lens wearers and patients with ocular trauma. Acanthamoeba comprises over 24 species and currently 23 genotypes (T1-T23) have been identified. Aims This retrospective study was designed to examine the Acanthamoeba species and genotypes recovered from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), determine the presence of endosymbionts in ocular isolates of Acanthamoeba and review the clinical presentations. Methodology Thirteen culture-confirmed AK patients treated in a tertiary eye care facility in Hyderabad, India from February to October 2020 were included in this study. The clinical manifestations, medications and visual outcomes of all patients were obtained from medical records. The Acanthamoeba isolates were identified by sequencing the ribosomal nuclear subunit (rns) gene. Acanthamoeba isolates were assessed for the presence of bacterial or fungal endosymbionts using molecular assays, PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results The mean age of the patients was 33 years (SD ± 17.4; 95% CI 22.5 to 43.5 years). Six (46.2%) cases had AK associated risk factors; four patients had ocular trauma and two were contact lens wearers. A. culbertsoni (6/13, 46.2%) was the most common species, followed by A. polyphaga and A. triangularis. Most of the isolates (12/13) belonged to genotype T4 and one was a T12; three sub-clusters T4A, T4B, and T4F were identified within the T4 genotype. There was no significant association between Acanthamoeba types and clinical outcomes. Eight (61.5%) isolates harboured intracellular bacteria and one contained Malassezia restricta. The presence of intracellular microbes was associated with a higher proportion of stromal infiltrates (88.9%, 8/9), epithelial defect (55.6%, 5/9) and hypopyon (55.6%, 5/9) compared to 50% (2/4), 25% (1/4) and 25% (1/4) AK cases without intracellular microbes, respectively. Conclusions Genotype T4 was the predominant isolate in southern India. This is the second report of T12 genotype identified from AK patient in India, which is rarely reported worldwide. The majority of the Acanthamoeba clinical isolates in this study harboured intracellular microbes, which may impact clinical characteristics of AK. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07741-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona L Henriquez
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland (UWS), Paisley, PA1 2BE, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Gauri Shankar Shrestha
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dinesh Subedi
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Bhupesh Bagga
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nicole Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Azevedo AS, Fernandes RM, Faria AR, Silvestre OF, Nieder JB, Lou C, Wengel J, Almeida C, Azevedo NF. Spectral imaging and nucleic acid mimics fluorescence in situ hybridization (SI-NAM-FISH) for multiplex detection of clinical pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:976639. [PMID: 36246234 PMCID: PMC9557775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.976639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nucleic acid mimics (NAMs), such as locked nucleic acid (LNA) and 2′-O-methyl-RNA (2’OMe), has improved the performance of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods for the detection/location of clinical pathogens since they provide design versatility and thermodynamic control. However, an important limitation of FISH techniques is the low number of distinguishable targets. The use of filters in fluorescence image acquisition limits the number of fluorochromes that can be simultaneously differentiated. Recent advances in fluorescence spectral image acquisition have allowed the unambiguous identification of several microorganisms in a single sample. In this work, we aimed to combine NAM-FISH and spectral image analysis to develop and validate a new FISH variant, the spectral imaging-NAM-FISH (SI-NAM-FISH), that allows a multiplexed, robust and rapid detection of clinical pathogens. In the first stage, to implement/validate the method, we have selected seven fluorochromes with distinct spectral properties and seven bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus). As a strong variation in fluorescence intensities is found between species and between fluorochromes, seven versions of a EUB LNA/2’OMe probe, each conjugated to one of seven fluorochromes, were used to rank species/fluorochromes by FISH and then optimize species/fluorochrome pairing. Then, final validation tests were performed using mixed populations to evaluate the potential of the technique for separating/quantifying the different targets. Overall, validation tests with different proportions of bacteria labeled with the respective fluorochrome have shown the ability of the method to correctly distinguish the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Andreia S. Azevedo,
| | - Ricardo M. Fernandes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vila Do Conde, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Faria
- INL International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal
| | - Oscar F. Silvestre
- INL International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jana B. Nieder
- INL International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga, Portugal
| | - Chenguang Lou
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carina Almeida
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vila Do Conde, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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110
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Štefánek M, Wenner S, Borges V, Pinto M, Gomes JP, Rodrigues J, Faria I, Pessanha MA, Martins F, Sabino R, Veríssimo C, Nogueira ID, Carvalho PA, Bujdáková H, Jordao L. Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilms Underlying Catheter-Related Bloodstream Coinfection by Enterobacter cloacae Complex and Candida parapsilosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091245. [PMID: 36140024 PMCID: PMC9495738 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections are a public health concern especially in the context of healthcare-associated infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). We evaluated the biofilm formation and antimicrobials resistance (AMR) of Enterobacter cloacae complex and Candida parapsilosis co-isolated from a CRBSI patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility of central venous catheters (CVCs) and hemoculture (HC) isolates was evaluated, including whole genome sequencing (WGS) resistome analysis and evaluation of gene expression to obtain insight into their AMR determinants. Crystal violet assay was used to assess dual biofilm biomass and microscopy was used to elucidate a microorganism’s distribution within biofilms assembled on different materials. Bacteria were multidrug-resistant including resistance to colistin and beta-lactams, likely linked to the mcr-9-like phosphoethanolamine transferase and to an ACT family cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class C beta-lactamase, respectively. The R398I and Y132F mutations in the ERG11 gene and its differential expression might account for C. parapsilosis resistance to fluconazole. The phenotype of dual biofilms assembled on glass, polystyrene and polyurethane depends on the material and how biofilms were initiated by one or both pathogens. Biofilms assembled on polyurethane were denser and richer in the extracellular polymeric matrix, and microorganisms were differently distributed on the inner/outer surface of the CVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Štefánek
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Vítor Borges
- Genomics and Bioinformatic Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pinto
- Genomics and Bioinformatic Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Genomics and Bioinformatic Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- Unidade Laboratorial Integrada de Microbiologia, Department of Infectious Diseases (DDI), National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular do Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar de lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Ana Pessanha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular do Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar de lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Direção do Programa de Prevenção e Controlo de Infeção e Resistência aos Antimicrobianos, Centro Hospitalar de lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Sabino
- Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Veríssimo
- Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Helena Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Unidade de Investigação & Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA),1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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111
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García-Santibañez T, Rosenblueth M, Bolaños LM, Martínez-Romero J, Martínez-Romero E. The divergent genome of Scorpion Group 1 (SG1) intracellular bacterium from the venom glands of Vaejovis smithi (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126358. [PMID: 36174465 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Scorpions were among the first animals on land around 430 million years ago. Like many arachnids, scorpions have evolved complex venoms used to paralyze their prey and for self-defense. Here we sequenced and analyzed the metagenomic DNA from venom glands from Vaejovis smithi scorpions. A metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) of 624,025 bp was obtained corresponding to the previously reported Scorpion Group 1 (SG1). The SG1 genome from venom glands had a low GC content (25.8%) characteristic of reduced genomes, many hypothetical genes and genes from the reported minimal set of bacterial genes. Phylogenomic reconstructions placed the uncultured SG1 distant from other reported bacteria constituting a taxonomic novelty. By PCR we detected SG1 in all tested venom glands from 30 independent individuals. Microscopically, we observed SG1 inside epithelial cells from the venom glands using FISH and its presence in scorpion embryos suggested that SG1 is transferred from mother to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luis M Bolaños
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico; School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julio Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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112
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Yu Z, Huang Y, Gan Z, Meng Y, Meng F. State-Space-Based Framework for Predicting Microbial Interaction Variability in Wastewater Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12765-12777. [PMID: 35943816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Substantial attempts have been made to control microbial communities for environmental integrity, biosystem performance, and human health. However, it is difficult to manipulate microbial communities in practice due to the varying and nonlinear nature of interspecific interaction networks. Here, we develop a manifold-based framework to investigate the patterns of microbial interaction variability in wastewater treatment plants using manifold geometric properties and design a simple control strategy to manipulate the microbes in nonlinear communities. We validate our framework using the readily available and nonsequential microbiome profiles of wastewater treatment plants. Our results show that some microbes in the activated sludge and anammox communities display deterministic rival or cooperative relationships and constitute a stable subnetwork within the whole nonlinear community network. We further use a simulation to demonstrate that these microbes can be used to drive a microbe in a target direction regardless of the community dynamics. Overall, our framework can provide a time-efficient solution to select effective control inputs for reliable manipulation in varying microbial networks, opening up new possibilities across a range of biological fields, including wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhihao Gan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yabing Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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113
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Morillo-Lopez V, Sjaarda A, Islam I, Borisy GG, Mark Welch JL. Corncob structures in dental plaque reveal microhabitat taxon specificity. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:145. [PMID: 36064650 PMCID: PMC9446765 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human mouth is a natural laboratory for studying how bacterial communities differ across habitats. Different bacteria colonize different surfaces in the mouth-teeth, tongue dorsum, and keratinized and non-keratinized epithelia-despite the short physical distance between these habitats and their connection through saliva. We sought to determine whether more tightly defined microhabitats might have more tightly defined sets of resident bacteria. A microhabitat may be characterized, for example, as the space adjacent to a particular species of bacterium. Corncob structures of dental plaque, consisting of coccoid bacteria bound to filaments of Corynebacterium cells, present an opportunity to analyze the community structure of one such well-defined microhabitat within a complex natural biofilm. Here, we investigate by fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging the composition of the cocci decorating the filaments. RESULTS The range of taxa observed in corncobs was limited to a small subset of the taxa present in dental plaque. Among four major groups of dental plaque streptococci, two were the major constituents of corncobs, including one that was the most abundant Streptococcus species in corncobs despite being relatively rare in dental plaque overall. Images showed both Streptococcus types in corncobs in all individual donors, suggesting that the taxa have different ecological roles or that mechanisms exist for stabilizing the persistence of functionally redundant taxa in the population. Direct taxon-taxon interactions were observed not only between the Streptococcus cells and the central corncob filament but also between Streptococcus cells and the limited subset of other plaque bacteria detected in the corncobs, indicating species ensembles involving these taxa as well. CONCLUSIONS The spatial organization we observed in corncobs suggests that each of the microbial participants can interact with multiple, albeit limited, potential partners, a feature that may encourage the long-term stability of the community. Additionally, our results suggest the general principle that a precisely defined microhabitat will be inhabited by a small and well-defined set of microbial taxa. Thus, our results are important for understanding the structure and organizing principles of natural biofilms and lay the groundwork for future work to modulate and control biofilms for human health. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Morillo-Lopez
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Alexandra Sjaarda
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Imon Islam
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Gary G. Borisy
- Present Address: Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Jessica L. Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
- Present Address: Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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114
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Arandia-Gorostidi N, Berthelot H, Calabrese F, Stryhanyuk H, Klawonn I, Iversen M, Nahar N, Grossart HP, Ploug H, Musat N. Efficient carbon and nitrogen transfer from marine diatom aggregates to colonizing bacterial groups. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14949. [PMID: 36056039 PMCID: PMC9440002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial degradation of sinking diatom aggregates is key for the availability of organic matter in the deep-ocean. Yet, little is known about the impact of aggregate colonization by different bacterial taxa on organic carbon and nutrient cycling within aggregates. Here, we tracked the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transfer from the diatom Leptocylindrus danicus to different environmental bacterial groups using a combination of 13C and 15N isotope incubation (incubated for 72 h), CARD-FISH and nanoSIMS single-cell analysis. Pseudoalteromonas bacterial group was the first colonizing diatom-aggregates, succeeded by the Alteromonas group. Within aggregates, diatom-attached bacteria were considerably more enriched in 13C and 15N than non-attached bacteria. Isotopic mass balance budget indicates that both groups showed comparable levels of diatom C in their biomass, accounting for 19 ± 7% and 15 ± 11%, respectively. In contrast to C, bacteria of the Alteromonas groups showed significantly higher levels of N derived from diatoms (77 ± 28%) than Pseudoalteromonas (47 ± 17%), suggesting a competitive advantage for Alteromonas in the N-limiting environments of the deep-sea. Our results imply that bacterial succession within diatom aggregates may largely impact taxa-specific C and N uptake, which may have important consequences for the quantity and quality of organic matter exported to the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Arandia-Gorostidi
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Green Earth Sciences Building, 367 Panama St., Room 129, Stanford, CA, 94305-4216, USA.
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hugo Berthelot
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Brest, France
- IFREMER, DYNECO, Pelagos Laboratory, Plouzané, France
| | - Federica Calabrese
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyBiological Laboratories, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hryhoriy Stryhanyuk
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Klawonn
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Morten Iversen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Marum and University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nurun Nahar
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
- Department Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin/Stechlin, Germany
| | - Helle Ploug
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niculina Musat
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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115
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Identification of the bacteria associated to the phycosphere of the Chlorella-like strain SEC_LI_ChL_1. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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116
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Bourgonje AR, Otten AT, Sadaghian Sadabad M, von Martels JZH, Bulthuis MLC, Faber KN, van Goor H, Dijkstra G, Harmsen HJM. The effect of riboflavin supplementation on the systemic redox status in healthy volunteers: A post-hoc analysis of the RIBOGUT trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:169-178. [PMID: 35973668 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin is a redox-active vitamin that plays a pivotal role in human energy metabolism. Riboflavin may have beneficial health effects by increasing extracellular antioxidant capacity, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. Reduced levels of free thiols in blood reflect systemic oxidative stress, since they are readily oxidized by reactive species. In this study, we aimed to study the potential of riboflavin supplementation to improve the systemic redox status in healthy volunteers. METHODS This study was a post-hoc analysis of the RIBOGUT study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human intervention trial that investigated the effect of riboflavin supplements on the gut microbiota composition of healthy individuals. Serum free thiols were quantified before and after intervention and adjusted to serum albumin levels. Changes in albumin-adjusted free thiols were analyzed, as well as potential associations with routine laboratory parameters and faecal bacterial quantification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Participants were randomized to either placebo (n = 34), riboflavin 50 mg daily (n = 32), or riboflavin 100 mg daily (n = 33). At baseline, no significant differences in albumin-adjusted serum free thiols were observed. After intervention with either placebo or riboflavin, albumin-adjusted serum free thiols did not significantly change (P > 0.05), however, observed changes were inversely associated with changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = -0.22, P < 0.05). At baseline, albumin-adjusted serum free thiols were positively associated with faecal relative abundances of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Riboflavin did not change the systemic redox status in healthy individuals as reflected by serum free thiols, but observed changes in albumin-adjusted free thiol levels were negatively associated with changes in CRP levels. Strikingly, albumin-adjusted free thiols were independently associated with relative abundances of faecal F. prausnitzii, which may suggest a potential host redox-microbiota interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Antonius T Otten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Sadaghian Sadabad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julius Z H von Martels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marian L C Bulthuis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Lan Y, Sun J, Chen C, Wang H, Xiao Y, Perez M, Yang Y, Kwan YH, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Han X, Miyazaki J, Watsuji TO, Bissessur D, Qiu JW, Takai K, Qian PY. Endosymbiont population genomics sheds light on transmission mode, partner specificity, and stability of the scaly-foot snail holobiont. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2132-2143. [PMID: 35715703 PMCID: PMC9381778 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean relies on its sulphur-oxidising gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts for nutrition and energy. In this study, we investigate the specificity, transmission mode, and stability of multiple scaly-foot snail populations dwelling in five vent fields with considerably disparate geological, physical and chemical environmental conditions. Results of population genomics analyses reveal an incongruent phylogeny between the endosymbiont and mitochondrial genomes of the scaly-foot snails in the five vent fields sampled, indicating that the hosts obtain endosymbionts via horizontal transmission in each generation. However, the genetic homogeneity of many symbiont populations implies that vertical transmission cannot be ruled out either. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation of ovarian tissue yields symbiont signals around the oocytes, suggesting that vertical transmission co-occurs with horizontal transmission. Results of in situ environmental measurements and gene expression analyses from in situ fixed samples show that the snail host buffers the differences in environmental conditions to provide the endosymbionts with a stable intracellular micro-environment, where the symbionts serve key metabolic functions and benefit from the host’s cushion. The mixed transmission mode, symbiont specificity at the species level, and stable intracellular environment provided by the host support the evolutionary, ecological, and physiological success of scaly-foot snail holobionts in different vents with unique environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chong Chen
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maeva Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yi Yang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yick Hang Kwan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiqiu Han
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Junichi Miyazaki
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomo-O Watsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Higashi-Chikushi Junior College, 5-1-1 Shimoitozu, Kitakyusyu, 803-0846, Japan
| | - Dass Bissessur
- Department for Continental Shelf, Maritime Zones Administration & Exploration, Prime Minister's Office, 2nd Floor, Belmont House, 12 Intendance Street, Port Louis, 11328, Mauritius
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ken Takai
- X-STAR, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Woolsey ID, Zeller WE, Blomstrand BM, Øines Ø, Enemark HL. Effects of selected condensed tannins on Cryptosporidium parvum growth and proliferation in HCT-8 cell cultures. Exp Parasitol 2022; 241:108353. [PMID: 35995247 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Cryptosporidium spp. constitute a substantial public health burden and are responsible for widespread production losses in cattle herds. Reducing disease and shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts is an important One Health goal. There are very few therapeutic options available to treat cryptosporidiosis. Interest in plant bioactive compounds to mitigate the spread of anthelmintic resistance in ruminants has led to investigation of these phytocompounds against other parasitic taxa. Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant secondary metabolites that have shown potential against nematodes in vitro and in vivo but their applicability to Cryptosporidium spp. is comparatively under-explored. Cryptosporidium parvum infected human ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT)-8 cell cultures were treated with escalating doses of highly purified and well-characterized CTs from five plant species, big trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), white clover (Trifolium repens) and grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) for 44 h. Quantitative-PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that none of the CTs examined demonstrated inhibitory potential against the parasite. Substantial inhibition of C. parvum by paromomycin was observed in positive controls in all assays (76.94-90.72% inhibition), proving the validity of the assay. Despite the lack of inhibition, these results represent an important step towards identifying alternative treatment options against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian David Woolsey
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei, 1433As, Norway.
| | - Wayne E Zeller
- U.S. Dairy and Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Øivind Øines
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei, 1433As, Norway
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei, 1433As, Norway
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119
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Zhu W, Wang JZ, Liu Z, Wei JF. The bacteria inside human cancer cells: Mainly as cancer promoters. Front Oncol 2022; 12:897330. [PMID: 36033476 PMCID: PMC9411745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.897330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the microbiome in human beings have become clearer with the development of next-generation sequencing techniques. Several pieces of evidence showed strong correlations between the microbiome and human health and disease, such as metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, digestive system diseases, and cancers. Among these diverse microbiomes, the role of bacteria in human cancers, especially in cancer cells, has received extensive attention. Latest studies found that bacteria widely existed in cancers, mainly in cancer cells and immune cells. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding the role of bacteria in human cancer cells. We also discuss how bacteria are transported into cancer cells and their physiological significance in cancer progression. Finally, we present the prospect of bacterial therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Zi Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixian Liu, ; Ji-Fu Wei,
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixian Liu, ; Ji-Fu Wei,
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Becerril-Espinosa A, Hernández-Herrera RM, Meza-Canales ID, Perez-Ramirez R, Rodríguez-Zaragoza FA, Méndez-Morán L, Sánchez-Hernández CV, Palmeros-Suárez PA, Palacios OA, Choix FJ, Juárez-Carrillo E, Lara-González MA, Hurtado-Oliva MÁ, Ocampo-Alvarez H. Habitat-adapted heterologous symbiont Salinispora arenicola promotes growth and alleviates salt stress in tomato crop plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920881. [PMID: 36003821 PMCID: PMC9393590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To ensure food security given the current scenario of climate change and the accompanying ecological repercussions, it is essential to search for new technologies and tools for agricultural production. Microorganism-based biostimulants are recognized as sustainable alternatives to traditional agrochemicals to enhance and protect agricultural production. Marine actinobacteria are a well-known source of novel compounds for biotechnological uses. In addition, former studies have suggested that coral symbiont actinobacteria may support co-symbiotic photosynthetic growth and tolerance and increase the probability of corals surviving abiotic stress. We have previously shown that this activity may also hold in terrestrial plants, at least for the actinobacteria Salinispora arenicola during induced heterologous symbiosis with a wild Solanaceae plant Nicotiana attenuata under in vitro conditions. Here, we further explore the heterologous symbiotic association, germination, growth promotion, and stress relieving activity of S. arenicola in tomato plants under agricultural conditions and dig into the possible associated mechanisms. Tomato plants were grown under normal and saline conditions, and germination, bacteria-root system interactions, plant growth, photosynthetic performance, and the expression of salt stress response genes were analyzed. We found an endophytic interaction between S. arenicola and tomato plants, which promotes germination and shoot and root growth under saline or non-saline conditions. Accordingly, photosynthetic and respective photoprotective performance was enhanced in line with the induced increase in photosynthetic pigments. This was further supported by the overexpression of thermal energy dissipation, which fine-tunes energy use efficiency and may prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast. Furthermore, gene expression analyses suggested that a selective transport channel gene, SlHKT1,2, induced by S. arenicola may assist in relieving salt stress in tomato plants. The fine regulation of photosynthetic and photoprotective responses, as well as the inhibition of the formation of ROS molecules, seems to be related to the induced down-regulation of other salt stress response genes, such as SlDR1A-related genes or SlAOX1b. Our results demonstrate that the marine microbial symbiont S. arenicola establishes heterologous symbiosis in crop plants, promotes growth, and confers saline stress tolerance. Thus, these results open opportunities to further explore the vast array of marine microbes to enhance crop tolerance and food production under the current climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amayaly Becerril-Espinosa
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalba M. Hernández-Herrera
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ivan D. Meza-Canales
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Perez-Ramirez
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Lucila Méndez-Morán
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carla V. Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Paola A. Palmeros-Suárez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Oskar A. Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Choix
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Juárez-Carrillo
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Martha A. Lara-González
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Ocampo-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Toja Ortega S, van den Berg L, Pronk M, de Kreuk MK. Hydrolysis capacity of different sized granules in a full-scale aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor. WATER RESEARCH X 2022; 16:100151. [PMID: 35965888 PMCID: PMC9364025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors, granules of different sizes coexist in a single reactor. Their differences in settling behaviour cause stratification in the settled granule bed. In combination with substrate concentration gradients over the reactor height during the anaerobic plug-flow feeding regime, this can result in functional differences between granule sizes. In this study, we compared the hydrolytic activity in granules of 4 size ranges (between 0.5 and 4.8 mm diameter) collected from a full-scale AGS installation. Protease and amylase activities were quantified through fluorescent activity assays. To visualise where the hydrolytic active zones were located within the granules, the hydrolysis sites were visualized microscopically after incubating intact and sliced granules with fluorescent casein and starch. The microbial community was studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and sequencing. The results of these assays indicated that hydrolytic capacity was present throughout the granules, but the hydrolysis of bulk substrates was restricted to the outer 100 µm, approximately. Many of the microorganisms studied by FISH, such as polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms (PAO and GAO), were abundant in the vicinity of the hydrolytically active sites. The biomass-specific hydrolysis rate depended mainly on the available granule surface area, suggesting that different sized granules are not differentiated in terms of hydrolytic capacity. Thus, the substrate concentration gradients that are present during the anaerobic feeding in AGS reactors do not seem to affect hydrolytic activity at the granule surfaces. In this paper, we discuss the possible reasons for this and reflect about the implications for AGS technology.
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Key Words
- AGS, aerobic granular sludge
- AS, activated sludge
- Activity staining
- Aerobic granular sludge
- Biomass segregation
- COD, chemical oxygen demand
- EBPR, enhanced biological phosphorus removal
- EPS, extracellular polymeric substances
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- GAO, glycogen-accumulating organism
- Hydrolysis
- PAO, polyphosphate-accumulating organism
- Polymeric substrates
- SBR, sequencing batch reactor
- SND, simultaneous nitrification-denitrification
- SRT, solids retention time
- TSS, total suspended solids
- VFA, volatile fatty acid
- VSS, volatile suspended solids
- WWTP, wastewater treatment plant
- Wastewater treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Toja Ortega
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands
| | - Lenno van den Berg
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft, HZ 2629, the Netherlands
- Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort, AL 3800, the Netherlands
| | - Merle K. de Kreuk
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft 2628CN, the Netherlands
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122
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Wicaksono WA, Buko A, Kusstatscher P, Sinkkonen A, Laitinen OH, Virtanen SM, Hyöty H, Cernava T, Berg G. Modulation of the food microbiome by apple fruit processing. Food Microbiol 2022; 108:104103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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123
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Fluorescence in situ hybridisation in Carnoy's fixed tonsil tissue. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12395. [PMID: 35858968 PMCID: PMC9300673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is a powerful molecular technique that enables direct visualisation of specific bacterial species. Few studies have established FISH protocols for tonsil tissue in Carnoy’s fixative, accordingly limiting its application to investigate the pathogenesis of tonsillar hyperplasia. Tonsil tissue from 24 children undergoing tonsillectomy for either recurrent tonsillitis or sleep-disordered breathing were obtained during a previous study. The specificity of each of the five FISH probes (Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas spp.) were successfully optimised using pure and mixed bacterial isolates, and in Carnoy’s fixed tonsil tissue. Bacteroides spp. were present in 100% of patients with microcolonies. In comparison, the prevalence of Fusobacterium spp. was 93.8%, Streptococcus spp. 85.7%, H. influenzae 82.35% and Pseudomonas spp. 76.5%. Notable differences in the organisation of bacterial taxa within a single microcolony were also observed. This is the first study to establish a robust FISH protocol identifying multiple aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in Carnoy’s fixed tonsil tissue. This protocol provides a strong foundation for combining histological and microbiological analyses of Carnoy’s fixed tonsil samples. It may also have important implications on the analysis of microorganisms in other human tissues prepared using the same techniques.
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124
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Together forever: Inseparable partners of the symbiotic system Paramecium multimicronucleatum/Ca. Trichorickettsia mobilis. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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125
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An outlook on fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled to flow cytometry as a versatile technique to evaluate the effects of foods and dietary interventions on gut microbiota. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:469. [PMID: 35821535 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in the effects of the gut microbiota on host health has stimulated the investigation of the composition of this microbial community and the factors affecting these microorganisms. This review discusses the recent advances and progress applications in the use of the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled to flow cytometry (FC) technique (FISH-FC) in studies evaluating the gut microbiota published in the last 10 years, with particular emphasis on the effects of foods and dietary interventions. These studies have shown that FISH-FC technique is capable of detecting and quantifying several groups of bacteria found as part of the gut microbiota. FISH-FC can be considered an effective, versatile, and rapid technique to evaluate alterations in gut microbiota composition caused by different foods as assessed in studies in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Some specific probes have been most used to represent the general gut microbiota, such as those specific to Lactobacillus spp./Enterococcus spp., Bacteroidaceae/Prevotellaceae, Clostridium histolyticum, and Bifidobacterium spp. FISH-FC technique could have an important opportunity for application in studies with next-generation probiotics belonging to the gut microbiota. Optimizations of FISH-FC protocols could allow more discoveries about the gut microbiota, including the development of new probes targeting microorganisms still not explored, the analysis of individual portions of the intestine, and the proposition of novel quantitative approaches.
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126
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Zauner S, Vogel M, Polzin J, Yuen B, Mußmann M, El-Hacen EHM, Petersen JM. Microbial communities in developmental stages of lucinid bivalves. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:56. [PMID: 37938693 PMCID: PMC9723593 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves from the family Lucinidae host sulfur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts, which are housed inside specialized gill epithelial cells and are assumed to be acquired from the environment. However, little is known about the Lucinidae life cycle and symbiont acquisition in the wild. Some lucinid species broadcast their gametes into the surrounding water column, however, a few have been found to externally brood their offspring by the forming gelatinous egg masses. So far, symbiont transmission has only been investigated in one species that reproduces via broadcast spawning. Here, we show that the lucinid Loripes orbiculatus from the West African coast forms egg masses and these are dominated by diverse members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria. The microbial communities of the egg masses were distinct from those in the environments surrounding lucinids, indicating that larvae may shape their associated microbiomes. The gill symbiont of the adults was undetectable in the developmental stages, supporting horizontal transmission of the symbiont with environmental symbiont acquisition after hatching from the egg masses. These results demonstrate that L. orbiculatus acquires symbionts from the environment independent of the host's reproductive strategy (brooding or broadcast spawning) and reveal previously unknown associations with microbes during lucinid early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zauner
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- University of Vienna, Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Margaret Vogel
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Polzin
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedict Yuen
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Mußmann
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - El-Hacen M El-Hacen
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Parc National du Banc d'Arguin (PNBA) Chami, B.P. 5355, Wilaya de Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Mauritania
| | - Jillian M Petersen
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department for Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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127
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Moreira L, Guimarães NM, Pereira S, Santos RS, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC, Azevedo NF. Liposome Delivery of Nucleic Acids in Bacteria: Toward In Vivo Labeling of Human Microbiota. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1218-1230. [PMID: 35737929 PMCID: PMC9775462 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of specific probes to study the in vivo spatial distribution of microorganisms is essential to understand the ecology of human microbiota. Herein, we assess the possibility of using liposomes loaded with fluorescently labeled nucleic acid mimics (LipoNAMs) to image Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. We proved that liposome fusion efficiencies were similar in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but that the efficiency was highly dependent on the lipid concentration. Notably, LipoNAMs were significantly more effective for the internalization of oligonucleotides in bacteria than the fixation/permeabilization methods commonly used in vitro. Furthermore, a structural and morphological assessment of the changes on bacteria allowed us to observe that liposomes increased the permeability of the cell envelope especially in Gram-negative bacteria. Considering the delivery efficiency and permeabilization effect, lipid concentrations of approximately 5 mM should be selected to maximize the detection of bacteria without compromising the bacterial cellular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Moreira
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Guimarães
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,. Fax: +351 22 508 14 40
| | - Sara Pereira
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita S. Santos
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Pereira
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F. Azevedo
- LEPABE
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and
Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal,ALiCE
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Kondrotaite Z, Valk LC, Petriglieri F, Singleton C, Nierychlo M, Dueholm MKD, Nielsen PH. Diversity and Ecophysiology of the Genus OLB8 and Other Abundant Uncultured Saprospiraceae Genera in Global Wastewater Treatment Systems. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917553. [PMID: 35875537 PMCID: PMC9304909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saprospiraceae family within the phylum Bacteroidota is commonly present and highly abundant in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide, but little is known about its role. In this study, we used MiDAS 4 global survey with samples from 30 countries to analyze the abundance and distribution of members of Saprospiraceae. Phylogenomics were used to delineate five new genera from a set of 31 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from Danish WWTPs. Newly designed probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed rod-shaped morphologies for all genera analyzed, including OLB8, present mostly inside the activated sludge flocs. The genomes revealed potential metabolic capabilities for the degradation of polysaccharides, proteins, and other complex molecules; partial denitrification; and storage of intracellular polymers (glycogen, polyphosphate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates). FISH in combination with Raman microspectroscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular glycogen in Candidatus Brachybacter, Candidatus Parvibacillus calidus (both from the former genus OLB8), and Candidatus Opimibacter, and the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Candidatus Defluviibacterium haderslevense and Candidatus Vicinibacter. These results provide the first overview of the most abundant novel Saprospiraceae genera present in WWTPs across the world and their potential involvement in nutrient removal and the degradation of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Per H. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center of Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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129
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Xie Y, Xie F, Zhou X, Zhang L, Yang B, Huang J, Wang F, Yan H, Zeng L, Zhang L, Zhou F. Microbiota in Tumors: From Understanding to Application. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200470. [PMID: 35603968 PMCID: PMC9313476 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbes with complex functions have been found to be a potential component in tumor microenvironments. Due to their low biomass and other obstacles, intratumor microbiota is poorly understood. Mucosal sites and normal adjacent tissues are important sources of intratumor microbiota, while hematogenous spread also leads to the invasion of microbes. Intratumor microbiota affects the progression of tumors through several mechanisms, such as DNA damage, activation of oncogenic pathways, induction of immunosuppression, and metabolization of drugs. Notably, in different types of tumors, the composition and abundance of intratumor microbiota are highly heterogeneous and may play different roles in the progression of tumors. Because of the concern in this field, several techniques such as omics and immunological methods have been used to study intratumor microbiota. Here, recent progress in this field is reviewed, including the potential sources of intratumor microbiota, their functions and related mechanisms, and their heterogeneity. Techniques that can be used to study intratumor microbiota are also discussed. Moreover, research is summarized into the development of strategies that can be used in antitumor treatment and prospects for possible future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeSuzhou215123P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery WenzhouThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou32500P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
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Reevaluation of the Phylogenetic Diversity and Global Distribution of the Genus " Candidatus Accumulibacter". mSystems 2022; 7:e0001622. [PMID: 35467400 PMCID: PMC9238405 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00016-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
“Candidatus Accumulibacter” was the first microorganism identified as a polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) important for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Members of this genus are diverse, and the current phylogeny and taxonomic framework appear complicated, with most publicly available genomes classified as “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis,” despite notable phylogenetic divergence. The ppk1 marker gene allows for a finer-scale differentiation into different “types” and “clades”; nevertheless, taxonomic assignments remain inconsistent across studies. Therefore, a comprehensive reevaluation is needed to establish a common understanding of this genus, in terms of both naming and basic conserved physiological traits. Here, we provide this reassessment using a comparison of genome, ppk1, and 16S rRNA gene-based approaches from comprehensive data sets. We identified 15 novel species, along with “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis,” “Candidatus Accumulibacter delftensis,” and “Candidatus Accumulibacter aalborgensis.” To compare the species in situ, we designed new species-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes and revealed their morphology and arrangement in activated sludge. Based on the MiDAS global survey, “Ca. Accumulibacter” species were widespread in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with phosphorus removal, indicating process design as a major driver for their abundance. Genome mining for PAO-related pathways and FISH-Raman microspectroscopy confirmed the potential for PAO metabolism in all “Ca. Accumulibacter” species, with detection in situ of the typical PAO storage polymers. Genome annotation further revealed differences in the nitrate/nitrite reduction pathways. This provides insights into the niche differentiation of these lineages, potentially explaining their coexistence in the same ecosystem while contributing to overall phosphorus and nitrogen removal. IMPORTANCE “Candidatus Accumulibacter” is the most studied PAO, with a primary role in biological nutrient removal. However, the species-level taxonomy of this lineage is convoluted due to the use of different phylogenetic markers or genome sequencing approaches. Here, we redefined the phylogeny of these organisms, proposing a comprehensive approach which could be used to address the classification of other diverse and uncultivated lineages. Using genome-resolved phylogeny, compared to phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA gene and other phylogenetic markers, we obtained a higher-resolution taxonomy and established a common understanding of this genus. Furthermore, genome mining of genes and pathways of interest, validated in situ by application of a new set of FISH probes and Raman microspectroscopy, provided additional high-resolution metabolic insights into these organisms.
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Zhang SN, Wang JG, Wang DQ, Jiang QY, Quan ZX. Abundance and Niche Differentiation of Comammox in the Sludges of Wastewater Treatment Plants That Use the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic Process. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070954. [PMID: 35888046 PMCID: PMC9322089 DOI: 10.3390/life12070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), which directly oxidize ammonia to nitrate, were recently identified and found to be ubiquitous in artificial systems. Research on the abundance and niche differentiation of comammox in the sludges of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) would be useful for improving the nitrogen removal efficiency of WWTPs. Here, we investigated the relative abundance and diversity of comammox in fifteen sludges of five WWTPs that use the anaerobic−anoxic−aerobic process in Jinan, China, via quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and ammonia monooxygenase gene. In the activated sludges in the WWTPs, comammox clade A.1 was widely distributed and mostly comprised Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosa-like comammox (>98% of all comammox). The proportion of this clade was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with the dissolved oxygen (DO) level (1.7−8 mg/L), and slight pH changes (7.20−7.70) affected the structure of the comammox populations. Nitrospira lineage I frequently coexisted with Nitrosomonas, which generally had a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the DO level. Our study provided an insight into the structure of comammox and other nitrifier populations in WWTPs that use the anaerobic−anoxic−aerobic process, broadening the knowledge about the effects of DO on comammox and other nitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiu-Yue Jiang
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.J.); (Z.-X.Q.); Tel.: +86-21-3124-0665 (Z.-X.Q.)
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.J.); (Z.-X.Q.); Tel.: +86-21-3124-0665 (Z.-X.Q.)
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Wen J, Lyu P, Stolzer I, Xu J, Gießl A, Lin Z, Andreev D, Kachler K, Song R, Meng X, Cao S, Guggino G, Ciccia F, Günther C, Schett G, Bozec A. Epithelial HIF2α expression induces intestinal barrier dysfunction and exacerbation of arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:annrheumdis-2021-222035. [PMID: 35710307 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-222035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how the mucosal barrier in the intestine influences the development of arthritis, considering that metabolic changes in the intestinal epithelium influence its barrier function. METHODS Intestinal hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α expression was assessed before, at onset and during experimental arthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Intestinal epithelial cell-specific HIF2α conditional knock-out mice were generated (HIF2α∆IEC) and subjected to collagen-induced arthritis. Clinical and histological courses of arthritis were recorded; T-cell and B-cell subsets were analysed in the gut and secondary lymphatic organs; and intestinal epithelial cells were subjected to molecular mRNA sequencing in HIF2α∆IEC and littermate control mice. The gut intestinal HIF2α target genes were delineated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase experiments. Furthermore, pharmacological HIF2α inhibitor PT2977 was used for inhibition of arthritis. RESULTS Intestinal HIF2α expression peaked at onset of experimental arthritis and RA. Conditionally, deletion of HIF2α in gut epithelial cells inhibited arthritis and was associated with improved intestinal barrier function and less intestinal and lymphatic Th1 and Th17 activation. Mechanistically, HIF2α induced the transcription of the pore-forming claudin (CLDN)-15, which inhibits intestinal barrier integrity. Furthermore, treatment with HIF2α inhibitor decreased claudin-15 expression in epithelial cells and inhibited arthritis. CONCLUSION These findings show that the HIF2α-CLDN15 axis is critical for the breakdown of intestinal barrier function at onset of arthritis, highlighting the functional link between intestinal homeostasis and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pang Lyu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Stolzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Darja Andreev
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianyi Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Hubas C, Monti D, Mortillaro JM, Augagneur S, Carbon A, Duran R, Karama S, Meziane T, Pardon P, Risser T, Tapie N, Thiney N, Budzinski H, Lauga B. Chlordecone-contaminated epilithic biofilms show increased adsorption capacities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153942. [PMID: 35189234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rivers of Guadeloupe and Martinique (French West Indies) show high levels of chlordecone (CLD) contamination. This persistent molecule has a dramatic impact on both aquatic ecosystems and human health. In these rivers, epilithic biofilms are the main endogenous primary producers and represent a central food source for fish and crustaceans. Recently, their viscoelastic properties have been shown to be effective in bio-assessing pollution in tropical environments. As these properties are closely related to the biochemical composition of the biofilms, biochemical (fatty acids, pigments, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) monosaccharides) and molecular markers (T-RFLP fingerprints of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes) were investigated. Strong links between CLD pollution and both biofilm biochemistry and microbial community composition were found. In particular, high levels of CLD were linked with modified exo-polysaccharides corresponding to carbohydrates with enhanced adsorption and adhesion properties. The observed change probably resulted from a preferential interaction between CLD and sugars and/or a differential microbial secretion of EPS in response to the pollutant. These changes were expected to impact viscoelastic properties of epilithic biofilms highlighting the effect of CLD pollution on biofilm EPS matrix. They also suggested that microorganisms implement a CLD scavenging strategy, providing new insights on the role of EPS in the adaptation of microorganisms to CLD-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Hubas
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystème Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Station Marine de Concarneau, Quai de la croix, 29900 Concarneau, France.
| | - Dominique Monti
- Université des Antilles, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystème Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie, Campus de Fouillole, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France; Université des Antilles, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Campus de Fouillole, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mortillaro
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystème Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Augagneur
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Anne Carbon
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Robert Duran
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Solange Karama
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Tarik Meziane
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystème Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pardon
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Théo Risser
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Najet Thiney
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystème Aquatiques (UMR 8067 BOREA), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC - UMR 5805 CNRS), Equipe LPTC, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Béatrice Lauga
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
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Pan Y, Li G, Su L, Zheng P, Wang Y, Shen Z, Chen Z, Han Q, Gong J. Seagrass Colonization Alters Diversity, Abundance, Taxonomic, and Functional Community Structure of Benthic Microbial Eukaryotes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901741. [PMID: 35770161 PMCID: PMC9234489 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrass form high productive ecosystems in coastal environments. However, the effects of these coastal plants on the structure and function of the belowground eukaryotic microbiome remain elusive. In this study, we characterized the community of microbial eukaryotes (microeukaryotes) in both vegetated and unvegetated sediments using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. Analysis of sequencing data showed that the eelgrass (Zostera marina) colonization decreased the alpha diversity indices of benthic microeukaryotes. Apicomplexa represented an average of 83% of reads across all samples, with a higher proportion at the vegetated sites. The taxonomic community structure was significantly different between these two types of sediments, for which the concentration ofNH 4 + in sediment porewater and salinity could account. Phylogenetic analyses of long 18S rRNA genes (around 1,030 bp) indicated these apicomplexan parasites are closely related to gregarine Lecudina polymorpha. Determination of 18S rRNA gene abundances provided evidence that the eelgrass markedly promoted the biomass of the gregarine and all microeukaryotes in the seagrass-colonized sediments and confirmed that the gregarine was hosted by a polychaete species. Significantly higher gene abundances of heterotrophs and mixotrophs were found at the vegetated sites, which could be explained by the finer sediments and short supply of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, respectively. The pigmented protists were more abundant in 18S rRNA gene copies at the lower and higher pH levels than at the intermediate. Nevertheless, the fractions of heterotrophs and phototrophs in the community were significantly related to porewater N:P ratio. These results indicate that seagrass colonization significantly induces an increase in overall biomass and a decrease in diversity of benthic microeukaryotes, making them more heterotrophic. This study also highlights that the hotspot of eukaryotic parasites could be linked with the high productivity of a natural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guihao Li
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lei Su
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuying Han
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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135
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The role of Nucleic Acid Mimics (NAMs) on FISH-based techniques and applications for microbial detection. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127086. [PMID: 35700584 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool that for more than 30 years has allowed to detect and quantify microorganisms as well as to study their spatial distribution in three-dimensional structured environments such as biofilms. Throughout these years, FISH has been improved in order to face some of its earlier limitations and to adapt to new research objectives. One of these improvements is related to the emergence of Nucleic Acid Mimics (NAMs), which are now employed as alternatives to the DNA and RNA probes that have been classically used in FISH. NAMs such as peptide and locked nucleic acids (PNA and LNA) have provided enhanced sensitivity and specificity to the FISH technique, as well as higher flexibility in terms of applications. In this review, we aim to cover the state-of-the-art of the different NAMs and explore their possible applications in FISH, providing a general overview of the technique advancement in the last decades.
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Tosti E, Almeida AS, Tran TT, Barbachan e Silva M, Broin PÓ, Dubin R, Chen K, Beck AP, Mclellan AS, Vilar E, Golden A, O’Toole PW, Edelmann W. Loss of MMR and TGFBR2 Increases the Susceptibility to Microbiota-Dependent Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:693-717. [PMID: 35688320 PMCID: PMC9421583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are causative in Lynch syndrome and a significant proportion of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). MMR-deficient (dMMR) CRCs display increased mutation rates, with mutations frequently accumulating at short repetitive DNA sequences throughout the genome (microsatellite instability). The TGFBR2 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in dMMR CRCs. Therefore, we generated an animal model to study how the loss of both TGFBR2 signaling impacts dMMR-driven intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo and explore the impact of the gut microbiota. METHODS We generated VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice in which Msh2loxP and Tgfbr2loxP alleles are inactivated by Villin-Cre recombinase in the intestinal epithelium. VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were analyzed for their rate of intestinal cancer development and for the mutational spectra and gene expression profiles of tumors. In addition, we assessed the impact of chemically induced chronic inflammation and gut microbiota composition on colorectal tumorigenesis. RESULTS VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice developed small intestinal adenocarcinomas and CRCs with histopathological features highly similar to CRCs in Lynch syndrome patients. The CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were associated with the presence of colitis and displayed genetic and histological features that resembled inflammation-associated CRCs in human patients. The development of CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice was strongly modulated by the gut microbiota composition, which in turn was impacted by the TGFBR2 status of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a synergistic interaction between MMR and TGFBR2 inactivation in inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis and highlight the crucial impact of the gut microbiota on modulating the incidence of inflammation-associated CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Elena Tosti, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574
| | - Ana S. Almeida
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tam T.T. Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mariel Barbachan e Silva
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó. Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Dubin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andrew S. Mclellan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron Golden
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Winfried Edelmann, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574.
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Specific Detection and Enumeration of Burkholderia cepacia Complex by Flow Cytometry Using a Fluorescence-Labeled Oligonucleotide Probe. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061170. [PMID: 35744688 PMCID: PMC9227203 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) contamination has resulted in recalls of non-sterile pharmaceutical products. The fast, sensitive, and specific detection of BCC is critical for ensuring the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products. In this study, a rapid flow cytometry-based detection method was developed using a fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide Kef probe that specifically binds a KefB/KefC membrane protein sequence within BCC. Optimal conditions of a 1 nM Kef probe concentration at a 60 °C hybridization temperature for 30 min were determined and applied for the flow cytometry assay. The true-positive rate (sensitivity) and true-negative rate (specificity) of the Kef probe assay were 90% (18 positive out of 20 BCC species) and 88.9% (16 negative out of 18 non-BCC), respectively. The detection limit for B. cenocepacia AU1054 with the Kef probe flow cytometry assay in nuclease-free water was 1 CFU/mL. The average cell counts using the Kef probe assay from a concentration of 10 μg/mL chlorhexidine gluconate and 50 μg/mL benzalkonium chloride were similar to those of the RAPID-B total plate count (TPC). We demonstrate the potential of Kef probe flow cytometry as a more sensitive alternative to culture-based methods for detecting BCC in non-sterilized pharmaceutical raw materials and products with regards to water-based environments.
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Takamiya H, Kouduka M, Furutani H, Mukai H, Nakagawa K, Yamamoto T, Kato S, Kodama Y, Tomioka N, Ito M, Suzuki Y. Copper-Nanocoated Ultra-Small Cells in Grain Boundaries Inside an Extinct Vent Chimney. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864205. [PMID: 35747369 PMCID: PMC9209642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosynthetic organisms flourish around deep-sea hydrothermal vents where energy-rich fluids are emitted from metal sulfide chimneys. However, microbial life hosted in mineral assemblages in extinct chimneys lacking fluid venting remains largely unknown. The interior of extinct chimneys remains anoxic where the percolation of oxygenated seawater is limited within tightly packed metal sulfide grains. Given the scarcity of photosynthetic organics in deep seawater, anaerobic microbes might inhabit the grain boundaries energetically depending on substrates derived from rock-water interactions. In this study, we reported ultra-small cells directly visualized in grain boundaries of CuFeS2 inside an extinct metal sulfide chimney from the southern Mariana Trough. Nanoscale solid analyses reveal that ultra-small cells are coated with Cu2O nanocrystals in grain boundaries enriched with C, N, and P. In situ spectroscopic and spectrometric characterizations demonstrate the distribution of organics with amide groups and a large molecular organic compound in the grain boundaries. We inferred that the ultra-small cells are anaerobes because of the fast dissolution of Cu2O nanocrystals in oxygenated solution. This Cu2O property also excludes the possibility of microbial contamination from ambient seawater during sampling. It is shown by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis that the chimney interior is dominated by Pacearchaeota known to have anaerobic metabolisms and ultra-small cells. Our results support the potential existence of photosynthesis-independent microbial ecosystems in grain boundaries in submarine metal sulfides deposits on the early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Takamiya
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Mariko Kouduka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Furutani
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakagawa
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takushi Yamamoto
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Kato
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM), RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Naotaka Tomioka
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Japan
| | - Motoo Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yohey Suzuki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan
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139
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Morales DP, Robinson AJ, Pawlowski AC, Ark C, Kelliher JM, Junier P, Werner JH, Chain PSG. Advances and Challenges in Fluorescence in situ Hybridization for Visualizing Fungal Endobacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892227. [PMID: 35722318 PMCID: PMC9199388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bacteria have long been known to interact intimately with fungi, but molecular approaches have only recently uncovered how cosmopolitan these interactions are in nature. Currently, bacterial–fungal interactions (BFI) are inferred based on patterns of co-occurrence in amplicon sequencing investigations. However, determining the nature of these interactions, whether the bacteria are internally or externally associated, remains a grand challenge in BFI research. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a robust method that targets unique sequences of interest which can be employed for visualizing intra-hyphal targets, such as mitochondrial organelles or, as in this study, bacteria. We evaluate the challenges and employable strategies to resolve intra-hyphal BFI to address pertinent criteria in BFI research, such as culturing media, spatial distribution of bacteria, and abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA copies for fluorescent labeling. While these experimental factors influence labeling and detection of endobacteria, we demonstrate how to overcome these challenges thorough permeabilization, appropriate media choice, and targeted amplification using hybridization chain reaction FISH. Such microscopy imaging approaches can now be utilized by the broader research community to complement sequence-based investigations and provide more conclusive evidence on the nature of specific bacterial–fungal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes P. Morales
- Center of Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Demosthenes P. Morales,
| | - Aaron J. Robinson
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Andrew C. Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caitlyn Ark
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia M. Kelliher
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Pilar Junier
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - James H. Werner
- Center of Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Patrick S. G. Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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140
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Sauvaitre T, Van Herreweghen F, Delbaere K, Durif C, Van Landuyt J, Fadhlaoui K, Huille S, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S, Van de Wiele T. Lentils and Yeast Fibers: A New Strategy to Mitigate Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Strain H10407 Virulence? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102146. [PMID: 35631287 PMCID: PMC9144138 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers exhibit well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious properties against enteric pathogens have been poorly investigated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major food-borne pathogen that causes acute traveler’s diarrhea. Its virulence traits mainly rely on adhesion to an epithelial surface, mucus degradation, and the secretion of two enterotoxins associated with intestinal inflammation. With the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an imperious need to develop novel alternative strategies to control ETEC infections. This study aimed to investigate, using complementary in vitro approaches, the inhibitory potential of two dietary-fiber-containing products (a lentil extract and yeast cell walls) against the human ETEC reference strain H10407. We showed that the lentil extract decreased toxin production in a dose-dependent manner, reduced pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production, and modulated mucus-related gene induction in ETEC-infected mucus-secreting intestinal cells. We also report that the yeast product reduced ETEC adhesion to mucin and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells. Both fiber-containing products strengthened intestinal barrier function and modulated toxin-related gene expression. In a complex human gut microbial background, both products did not elicit a significant effect on ETEC colonization. These pioneering data demonstrate the promising role of dietary fibers in controlling different stages of the ETEC infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Florence Van Herreweghen
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Karen Delbaere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Claude Durif
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Khaled Fadhlaoui
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | | | - Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, CEDEX, F-31702 Blagnac, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 INRAE, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (C.D.); (K.F.); (F.C.-D.); (L.E.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-73-17-83-90
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.V.H.); (K.D.); (J.V.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
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Pollmann M, Moore LD, Krimmer E, D'Alvise P, Hasselmann M, Perlman SJ, Ballinger MJ, Steidle JL, Gottlieb Y. Highly transmissible cytoplasmic incompatibility by the extracellular insect symbiont Spiroplasma. iScience 2022; 25:104335. [PMID: 35602967 PMCID: PMC9118660 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a form of reproductive manipulation caused by maternally inherited endosymbionts infecting arthropods, like Wolbachia, whereby matings between infected males and uninfected females produce few or no offspring. We report the discovery of a new CI symbiont, a strain of Spiroplasma causing CI in the parasitoid wasp Lariophagus distinguendus. Its extracellular occurrence enabled us to establish CI in uninfected adult insects by transferring Spiroplasma-infected hemolymph. We sequenced the CI-Spiroplasma genome and did not find any homologues of any of the cif genes discovered to cause CI in Wolbachia, suggesting independent evolution of CI. Instead, the genome contains other potential CI-causing candidate genes, such as homologues of high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins that are crucial in eukaryotic development but rare in bacterial genomes. Spiroplasma's extracellular nature and broad host range encompassing medically and agriculturally important arthropods make it a promising tool to study CI and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pollmann
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Logan D. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Elena Krimmer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paul D'Alvise
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72016 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- Department of Livestock Population Genomics 460h, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steve J. Perlman
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Johannes L.M. Steidle
- Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- KomBioTa - Center of Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuval Gottlieb
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Grosboillot V, Keller I, Ernst C, Loessner MJ, Schuppler M. Ampicillin Treatment of Intracellular Listeria monocytogenes Triggers Formation of Persistent, Drug-Resistant L-Form Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:869339. [PMID: 35646717 PMCID: PMC9133454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen causing an infection termed listeriosis. Despite the low incidence of listeriosis, the high mortality rate in individuals at risk makes this bacterium one of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens. Reports about a relapse of infection after antibiotic treatment suggest that the bacteria may be able to evade antibiotic treatment and persist as a dormant, antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation. In this study, we observed intracellular generation of antibiotic-resistant L-forms of Listeria monocytogenes following Ampicillin treatment of Listeria monocytogenes infected cells. Detection and identification of intracellular Listeria L-forms was performed by a combination of fluorescence in-situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using micromanipulation, it was possible to isolate single intracellular L-form cells that following transfer into fresh medium gave rise to pure cultures. In conclusion, the results obtained here provide strong evidence that antibiotic treatment of infected host cells can induce the formation of L-forms from intracellular Listeria monocytogenes. Furthermore, our results suggest that intracellular L-forms persist inside host cells and that they represent viable bacteria, which are still able to grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Markus Schuppler
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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143
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Petriglieri F, Petersen JF, Peces M, Nierychlo M, Hansen K, Baastrand CE, Nielsen UG, Reitzel K, Nielsen PH. Quantification of Biologically and Chemically Bound Phosphorus in Activated Sludge from Full-Scale Plants with Biological P-Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5132-5140. [PMID: 35358387 PMCID: PMC9022429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is present in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants in the form of metal salt precipitates, extracellular polymeric substances, or bound into the biomass, for example, as intracellular polyphosphate (poly-P). Several methods for a reliable quantification of the different P-fractions have recently been developed, and this study combines them to obtain a comprehensive P mass-balance of activated sludge from four enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) plants. Chemical characterization by ICP-OES and sequential P fractionation showed that chemically bound P constituted 38-69% of total P, most likely in the form of Fe, Mg, or Al minerals. Raman microspectroscopy, solution state 31P NMR, and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy applied before and after anaerobic P-release experiments, were used to quantify poly-P, which constituted 22-54% of total P and was found in approximately 25% of all bacterial cells. Raman microspectroscopy in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to quantify poly-P in known polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) (Tetrasphaera, Candidatus Accumulibacter, and Dechloromonas) and other microorganisms known to possess high level of poly-P, such as the filamentous Ca. Microthrix. Interestingly, only 1-13% of total P was stored by unidentified PAO, highlighting that most PAOs in the full-scale EBPR plants investigated are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Petriglieri
- Center
for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jette F. Petersen
- Center
for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Miriam Peces
- Center
for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center
for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Hansen
- Center
for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cecilie E. Baastrand
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ulla Gro Nielsen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kasper Reitzel
- Department
of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center
for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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144
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Kao YT, Calabrese S, Borst N, Lehnert M, Lai YK, Schlenker F, Juelg P, Zengerle R, Garstecki P, von Stetten F. Microfluidic One-Pot Digital Droplet FISH Using LNA/DNA Molecular Beacons for Bacteria Detection and Absolute Quantification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040237. [PMID: 35448297 PMCID: PMC9032532 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate detection and quantification of bacterial load with a novel microfluidic one-pot wash-free fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay in droplets. The method offers minimal manual workload by only requiring mixing of the sample with reagents and loading it into a microfluidic cartridge. By centrifugal microfluidic step emulsification, our method partitioned the sample into 210 pL (73 µm in diameter) droplets for bacterial encapsulation followed by in situ permeabilization, hybridization, and signal detection. Employing locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA molecular beacons (LNA/DNA MBs) and NaCl-urea based hybridization buffer, the assay was characterized with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus mirabilis. The assay performed with single-cell sensitivity, a 4-log dynamic range from a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at ~3 × 103 bacteria/mL to an upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) at ~3 × 107 bacteria/mL, anda linearity R2 = 0.976. The total time-to-results for detection and quantification was around 1.5 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kao
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Silvia Calabrese
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Nadine Borst
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Michael Lehnert
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Yu-Kai Lai
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Franziska Schlenker
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Peter Juelg
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.-T.K.); (N.B.); (Y.-K.L.); (R.Z.)
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.C.); (M.L.); (F.S.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-73243
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Swidsinski A, Guschin A, Corsini L, Loening-Baucke V, Tisakova LP, Swidsinski S, Sobel JD, Dörffel Y. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microbiota in Bacterial Vaginosis Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040456. [PMID: 35456131 PMCID: PMC9028502 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Testing of antibiotic resistance of intact vaginal microbiota in pure culture is not feasible. METHODS: Metronidazole, antiseptic octenisept®, antimycotic ciclopirox, bacterial probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus, yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii, Gardnerella-phage-endolysin named phagolysin and phagolysin in combination with probiotics were tested for bacteriolytic activity. Included were vaginal swabs from 38 random women with Amsel-confirmed bacterial vaginosis (BV). Test aliquots were incubated by 37° for 2 and 24 h. Gardnerella, low G+C, Atopobium, lactobacilli, Lactobacillus iners and crispatus, Prevotella-Bacteroides, and Gammaproteobacteria microbial groups were quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: The probiotic strain Lactobacillus crispatus demonstrated the weakest bacteriolytical effects, followed by metronidazole. Both had no impact on Gardnerella species, instead lysing Prevotella-Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae (by L.crispatus) or LGC, Atopobium and Prevotella-Bacteroides (by metronidazole) groups of the microbiota. Cytolytic activity on Gardnerella was highly pronounced and increased from octenisept to ciclopirox, phagolysin, phagolysin with L.crispatus, being best in the combination of phagolysin with S.boulardii. Universally active ciclopirox and octenisept® suppressed nearly all microbial groups including those which are regarded as beneficial. Phagolysin had no effect on naturally occurring Lactobacillus crispatus. Conclusions: FISH susceptibility testing allows unique efficacy evaluation of individually adjusted topical therapy without microbial isolation facilitating optimal therapy choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Swidsinski
- Molecular-Genetic Laboratory for Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms, Charité CCM, Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Guschin
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Lorenzo Corsini
- BioNTech R&D (Austria) GmbH, Vienna Biocenter, 1110 Vienna, Austria; (L.C.); (L.P.T.)
| | - Vera Loening-Baucke
- Molecular-Genetic Laboratory for Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms, Charité CCM, Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | | | - Jack D. Sobel
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Yvonne Dörffel
- Outpatient Clinic, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
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Alcántara-Martínez N, Figueroa-Martínez F, Rivera-Cabrera F, Volke-Sepúlveda T. An unexpected guest: a green microalga associated with the arsenic-tolerant shrub Acacia farnesiana. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6565283. [PMID: 35394028 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The best-known plant endophytes include mainly fungi and bacteria, but there are also a few records of microalgae growing endophytically in vascular land plants, some of which belong to the genus Coccomyxa. In this study, we isolated a single-celled photosynthetic microorganism from the arsenic-tolerant shrub Acacia farnesiana, thus we hypothesized that it is an endophytic arsenic-tolerant microalga. The microorganism was identified as belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, and the observation of algal cells within the root tissues strongly suggests its endophytic nature. The alga's tolerance to arsenate (AsV) and its influence on the fitness of A. farnesiana in the presence of AsV were evaluated. Coccomyxa sp. can tolerate up to 2000 µM of AsV for periods shorter than 10 days, however, AsV-tolerance decreased significantly in longer exposure periods. The association with the microalga increased the pigment content in aboveground tissues of A. farnesiana seedlings exposed to AsV for 50 days, without changes in plant growth or arsenic accumulation. This work describes the association, probably endophytic, between an angiosperm and a microalga, confirming the ability of the genus Coccomyxa to form associations with land plants and broadening the known variety of plant endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Alcántara-Martínez
- Department of Compared Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico City, MEXICO
| | - Francisco Figueroa-Martínez
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico City. MEXICO
| | - Fernando Rivera-Cabrera
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico City. MEXICO
| | - Tania Volke-Sepúlveda
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa 09340, Mexico City. MEXICO
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147
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Wang H, Rong X, Zhao G, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Ma D, Jin X, Wu Y, Yan Y, Yang H, Zhou Y, Qian M, Niu C, Hu X, Li DQ, Liu Q, Wen Y, Jiang YZ, Zhao C, Shao ZM. The microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide promotes antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Metab 2022; 34:581-594.e8. [PMID: 35278352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved limited success in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Commensal microbiota have been proven to colonize the mammary gland, but whether and how they modulate the tumor microenvironment remains elusive. We performed a multiomics analysis of a cohort of patients with TNBC (n = 360) and found genera under Clostridiales, and the related metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was more abundant in tumors with an activated immune microenvironment. Patients with higher plasma TMAO achieved better responses to immunotherapy. Mechanistically, TMAO induced pyroptosis in tumor cells by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase PERK and thus enhanced CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in TNBC in vivo. Collectively, our findings offer new insights into microbiota-metabolite-immune crosstalk and indicate that microbial metabolites, such as TMAO or its precursor choline, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to promote the efficacy of immunotherapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Rong
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Gan Zhao
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Yan
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Manning Qian
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chen Niu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yumei Wen
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.
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148
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Solchaga JI, Busalmen JP, Nercessian D. Unraveling Anaerobic Metabolisms in a Hypersaline Sediment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811432. [PMID: 35369499 PMCID: PMC8966722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the microbial diversity inhabiting hypersaline sediments is still limited. In particular, existing data about anaerobic hypersaline archaea and bacteria are scarce and refer to a limited number of genera. The approach to obtain existing information has been almost exclusively attempting to grow every organism in axenic culture on the selected electron acceptor with a variety of electron donors. Here, a different approach has been used to interrogate the microbial community of submerged hypersaline sediment of Salitral Negro, Argentina, aiming at enriching consortia performing anaerobic respiration of different electron acceptor compounds, in which ecological associations can maximize the possibilities of successful growth. Growth of consortia was demonstrated on all offered electron acceptors, including fumarate, nitrate, sulfate, thiosulfate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and a polarized electrode. Halorubrum and Haloarcula representatives are here shown for the first time growing on lactate, using fumarate or a polarized electrode as the electron acceptor; in addition, they are shown also growing in sulfate-reducing consortia. Halorubrum representatives are for the first time shown to be growing in nitrate-reducing consortia, probably thanks to reduction of N2O produced by other consortium members. Fumarate respiration is indeed shown for the first time supporting growth of Halanaeroarchaeum and Halorhabdus belonging to the archaea, as well as growth of Halanaerobium, Halanaerobaculum, Sporohalobacter, and Acetohalobium belonging to the bacteria. Finally, evidence is presented suggesting growth of nanohaloarchaea in anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Solchaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Busalmen
- Laboratorio de Bioelectroquímica, INTEMA - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Débora Nercessian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Ramírez-Puebla ST, Weigel BL, Jack L, Schlundt C, Pfister CA, Mark Welch JL. Spatial organization of the kelp microbiome at micron scales. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:52. [PMID: 35331334 PMCID: PMC8944128 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the spatial structure of host-associated microbial communities is essential for understanding taxon-taxon interactions within the microbiota and between microbiota and host. Macroalgae are colonized by complex microbial communities, suggesting intimate symbioses that likely play key roles in both macroalgal and bacterial biology, yet little is known about the spatial organization of microbes associated with macroalgae. Canopy-forming kelp are ecologically significant, fixing teragrams of carbon per year in coastal kelp forest ecosystems. We characterized the micron-scale spatial organization of bacterial communities on blades of the kelp Nereocystis luetkeana using fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging with a probe set combining phylum-, class-, and genus-level probes to localize and identify > 90% of the microbial community. RESULTS We show that kelp blades host a dense microbial biofilm composed of disparate microbial taxa in close contact with one another. The biofilm is spatially differentiated, with clustered cells of the dominant symbiont Granulosicoccus sp. (Gammaproteobacteria) close to the kelp surface and filamentous Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria relatively more abundant near the biofilm-seawater interface. A community rich in Bacteroidetes colonized the interior of kelp tissues. Microbial cell density increased markedly along the length of the kelp blade, from sparse microbial colonization of newly produced tissues at the meristematic base of the blade to an abundant microbial biofilm on older tissues at the blade tip. Kelp from a declining population hosted fewer microbial cells compared to kelp from a stable population. CONCLUSIONS Imaging revealed close association, at micrometer scales, of different microbial taxa with one another and with the host. This spatial organization creates the conditions necessary for metabolic exchange among microbes and between host and microbiota, such as provisioning of organic carbon to the microbiota and impacts of microbial nitrogen metabolisms on host kelp. The biofilm coating the surface of the kelp blade is well-positioned to mediate interactions between the host and surrounding organisms and to modulate the chemistry of the surrounding water column. The high density of microbial cells on kelp blades (105-107 cells/cm2), combined with the immense surface area of kelp forests, indicates that biogeochemical functions of the kelp microbiome may play an important role in coastal ecosystems. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tabita Ramírez-Puebla
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA USA
- Present Address: The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Brooke L. Weigel
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Present Address: Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA USA
| | - Loretha Jack
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA USA
- Present Address: Wisconsin’s Green Fire, Rhinelander, WI USA
| | - Cathleen Schlundt
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA USA
- Present Address: GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jessica L. Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA USA
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150
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Lupini S, Peña-Bahamonde J, Bonito G, Rodrigues DF. Effect of Endosymbiotic Bacteria on Fungal Resistance Toward Heavy Metals. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822541. [PMID: 35369521 PMCID: PMC8965456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on metal removal or tolerance by fungi or bacteria focus on single isolates, without taking into consideration that some fungi in nature may be colonized by endobacteria. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the tolerance and removal of diverse metals with two fungal species: Linnemannia elongata containing Burkholderia-related endobacteria and Benniella erionia containing Mollicute-related endobacteria. Isogenic lines of both species were generated with antibiotic treatments to remove their respective endobacteria. Experiments involved comparing the isogenic lines and wild type fungi in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration for the metals, the fungal ability to remove these different metals via atomic adsorption spectroscopy, and the interaction of the metals with specific functional groups of the fungi and fungi-bacteria to determine the role of the bacteria via attenuated total reflection fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR). Finally, we determined the influence of different metal concentrations, associated with moderate and high fungal growth inhibition, on the presence of the endobacteria inside the fungal mycelium via quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the presence of the endosymbiont increased B. erionia resistance to Mn2+ and increased the removal of Fe2+ compared to isogenic lines. The absence of the endosymbiont in L. elongata increased the fungal resistance toward Fe2+ and improved the removal of Fe2+. Furthermore, when the bacterial endosymbiont was present in L. elongata, a decrease in the fungal resistance to Ca2+, Fe2+, and Cr6+was noticeable. In the ATR-FTIR analysis, we determined that C-H and C = O were the major functional groups affected by the presence of Cu2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+ for L. elongata and in the presence of Cu2+ and Ca2+ for B. eronia. It is noteworthy that the highest concentration of Pb2+ led to the loss of endobacteria in both L. elongata and B. eronia, while the other metals generally increased the concentration of endosymbionts inside the fungal mycelium. From these results, we concluded that bacterial endosymbionts of fungi can play a fundamental role in fungal resistance to metals. This study provides the first step toward a greater understanding of symbiotic interactions between bacteria and fungi in relation to metal tolerance and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lupini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Janire Peña-Bahamonde
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Debora F. Rodrigues
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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