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Chen YC, Chang YW, Huang YS. Dysregulated Translation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: An Overview of Autism-Risk Genes Involved in Translation. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 79:60-74. [PMID: 30430754 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulated local translation-whereby specific mRNAs are transported and localized in subcellular domains where they are translated in response to regional signals-allows for remote control of gene expression to concentrate proteins in subcellular compartments. Neurons are highly polarized cells with unique features favoring local control for axonal pathfinding and synaptic plasticity, which are key processes involved in constructing functional circuits in the developing brain. Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by genetic or environmental factors that disturb the nervous system's development during prenatal and early childhood periods. The growing list of genetic mutations that affect mRNA translation raises the question of whether aberrant translatomes in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders share common molecular features underlying their stereotypical phenotypes and, vice versa, cause a certain degree of phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we briefly give an overview of the role of local translation during neuronal development. We take the autism-risk gene list and discuss the molecules that (perhaps) are involved in mRNA transport and translation. Both exaggerated and suppressed translation caused by mutations in those genes have been identified or suggested. Finally, we discuss some proof-of-principle regimens for use in autism mouse models to correct dysregulated translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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102
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Johnson SC, Pan A, Li L, Sedensky M, Morgan P. Neurotoxicity of anesthetics: Mechanisms and meaning from mouse intervention studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 71:22-31. [PMID: 30472095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics are widely used in human medicine and generally considered to be safe in healthy individuals. In recent years, the safety of volatile anesthesia in pediatric patients has been questioned following reports of anesthetic induced neurotoxicity in pre-clinical studies. These studies in mice, rats, and primates have demonstrated that exposure to anesthetic agents during early post-natal periods can cause acute neurotoxicity, as well as later-life cognitive defects including deficits in learning and memory. In recent years, the focus of many pre-clinical studies has been on identifying candidate pathways or potential therapeutic targets through intervention trials. These reports have shed light on the mechanisms underlying anesthesia induced neurotoxicity as well as highlighting the challenges of pre-clinical modeling of anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice. Here, we summarize the data derived from intervention studies in neonatal mouse models of anesthetic exposure and provide an overview of mechanisms proposed to mediate anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice based on these reports. The majority of these studies implicate one of three mechanisms: reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated stress and signaling, growth/nutrient signaling, or direct neuronal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Amanda Pan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Philip Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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103
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Schroeder E, Yuan L, Seong E, Ligon C, DeKorver N, Gurumurthy CB, Arikkath J. Neuron-Type Specific Loss of CDKL5 Leads to Alterations in mTOR Signaling and Synaptic Markers. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4151-4162. [PMID: 30288694 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CDKL5 disorder is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder associated with epilepsy, developmental retardation, autism, and related phenotypes. Mutations in the CDKL5 gene, encoding CDKL5, have been identified in this disorder. CDKL5 is a protein with homology to the serine-threonine kinases and incompletely characterized function. We generated and validated a murine model bearing a floxed allele of CDKL5 and polyclonal antibodies to CDKL5. CDKL5 is well expressed in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, localized to synaptosomes and nuclei and developmentally regulated in the hippocampus. Using Cre-mediated mechanisms, we deleted CDKL5 from excitatory CaMKIIα-positive neurons or inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Our data indicate that loss of CDKL5 in excitatory neurons of the cortex or inhibitory neurons of the striatum differentially alters expression of some components of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further loss of CDKL5 in excitatory neurons of the cortex or inhibitory neurons of the striatum leads to alterations in levels of synaptic markers in a neuron-type specific manner. Taken together, these data support a model in which loss of CDKL5 alters mTOR signaling and synaptic compositions in a neuron-type specific manner and suggest that CDKL5 may have distinct functional roles related to cellular signaling in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Thus, these studies provide new insights into the biology of CDKL5 and suggest that the molecular pathology in CDKL5 disorder may have distinct neuron-type specific origins and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Schroeder
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Li Yuan
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Eunju Seong
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Cheryl Ligon
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicholas DeKorver
- Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - C B Gurumurthy
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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104
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Activation of autophagy rescues synaptic and cognitive deficits in fragile X mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9707-E9716. [PMID: 30242133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808247115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent form of heritable intellectual disability and autism. Fragile X (Fmr1-KO) mice exhibit aberrant dendritic spine structure, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. Autophagy is a catabolic process of programmed degradation and recycling of proteins and cellular components via the lysosomal pathway. However, a role for autophagy in the pathophysiology of FXS is, as yet, unclear. Here we show that autophagic flux, a functional readout of autophagy, and biochemical markers of autophagy are down-regulated in hippocampal neurons of fragile X mice. We further show that enhanced activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and translocation of Raptor, a defining component of mTORC1, to the lysosome are causally related to reduced autophagy. Activation of autophagy by delivery of shRNA to Raptor directly into the CA1 of living mice via the lentivirus expression system largely corrects aberrant spine structure, synaptic plasticity, and cognition in fragile X mice. Postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95) and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1), proteins implicated in spine structure and synaptic plasticity, respectively, are elevated in neurons lacking fragile X mental retardation protein. Activation of autophagy corrects PSD-95 and Arc abundance, identifying a potential mechanism by which impaired autophagy is causally related to the fragile X phenotype and revealing a previously unappreciated role for autophagy in the synaptic and cognitive deficits associated with fragile X syndrome.
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105
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Neuroprotective Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in a Murine Model of Cadmium Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4285694. [PMID: 30228855 PMCID: PMC6136506 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4285694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal, which causes severe brain damage and neurotoxic effects. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) stimulates adenosine A2A receptor, thus contrasting several deleterious mechanisms in course of tissue damages. We aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of PDRN in a murine model of Cd-induced brain toxicity. Male C57 BL/6J mice were treated as follows: vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml/kg/day), PDRN (8 mg/kg/day), CdCl2 (2 mg/kg/day), and CdCl2 + PDRN. Animals were tested with the Morris water maze test to assess spatial memory and learning. After 14 days of treatment, brains were processed to evaluate the presence of edema in the cerebral tissue, the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the morphological behavior of the hippocampal structures. After CdCl2 administration, the escape latency was high, protein expression of BDNF was significantly decreased if compared to controls, mTOR levels were higher than normal controls, and brain edema and neuronal damages were evident. The coadministration of CdCl2 and PDRN significantly diminished the escape latency, increased BDNF levels, and decreased protein expression of mTOR. Furthermore, brain edema was reduced and the structural organization and the number of neurons, particularly in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas, were improved. In conclusion, a functional, biochemical, and morphological protective effect of PDRN against Cd induced toxicity was demonstrated in mouse brain.
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106
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Salgado-Mendialdúa V, Aguirre-Plans J, Guney E, Reig-Viader R, Maldonado R, Bayés À, Oliva B, Ozaita A. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulates the proteasome system in the brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:159-168. [PMID: 30134192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most consumed illicit drug worldwide. Its principal psychoactive component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), affects multiple brain functions, including cognitive performance, by modulating cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors. These receptors are strongly enriched in presynaptic terminals, where they modulate neurotransmitter release. We analyzed, through a proteomic screening of hippocampal synaptosomal fractions, those proteins and pathways modulated 3 h after a single administration of an amnesic dose of THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Using an isobaric labeling approach, we identified 2040 proteins, 1911 of them previously reported in synaptic proteomes, confirming the synaptic content enrichment of the samples. Initial analysis revealed a significant alteration of 122 proteins, where 42 increased and 80 decreased their expression. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated an over-representation of mitochondrial associated functions and cellular metabolic processes. A second analysis focusing on extreme changes revealed 28 proteins with altered expression after THC treatment, 15 of them up-regulated and 13 down-regulated. Using a network topology-based scoring algorithm we identified those proteins in the mouse proteome with the greatest association to the 28 modulated proteins. This analysis pinpointed a significant alteration of the proteasome function, since top scoring proteins were related to the proteasome system (PS), a protein complex involved in ATP-dependent protein degradation. In this regard, we observed that THC decreases 20S proteasome chymotrypsin-like protease activity in the hippocampus. Our data describe for the first time the modulation of the PS in the hippocampus following THC administration under amnesic conditions that may contribute to an aberrant plasticity at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salgado-Mendialdúa
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Dept. Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Aguirre-Plans
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biomedical Informatics Research Unit, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Guney
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biomedical Informatics Research Unit, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Reig-Viader
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Dept. Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - À Bayés
- Molecular Physiology of the Synapse Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - B Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biomedical Informatics Research Unit, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ozaita
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Dept. Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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107
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Ferro D, Yao S, Zarnescu DC. Dynamic duo - FMRP and TDP-43: Regulating common targets, causing different diseases. Brain Res 2018; 1693:37-42. [PMID: 29715444 PMCID: PMC5997554 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins play essential roles during development and aging, and are also involved in disease pathomechanisms. RNA sequencing and omics analyses have provided a window into systems level alterations in neurological disease, and have identified RNA processing defects among notable disease mechanisms. This review focuses on two seemingly distinct neurological disorders, the RNA binding proteins they are linked to, and their newly discovered functional relationship. When deficient, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) causes developmental deficits and autistic behaviors while TAR-DNA Binding Protein (TDP-43) dysregulation causes age dependent neuronal degeneration. Recent findings that FMRP and TDP-43 associate in ribonuclear protein particles and share mRNA targets in neurons highlight the critical importance of translation regulation in synaptic plasticity and provide new perspectives on neuronal vulnerability during lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ferro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, United States.
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108
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Pharmacological Inhibition of ERK Signaling Rescues Pathophysiology and Behavioral Phenotype Associated with 16p11.2 Chromosomal Deletion in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6640-6652. [PMID: 29934348 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0515-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human 16p11.2 microdeletion is one of the most common gene copy number variations linked to autism, but the pathophysiology associated with this chromosomal abnormality is largely unknown. The 593 kb deletion contains the ERK1 gene and other genes that converge onto the ERK/MAP kinase pathway. Perturbations in ERK signaling are linked to a group of related neurodevelopmental disorders hallmarked by intellectual disability, including autism. We report that mice harboring the 16p11.2 deletion exhibit a paradoxical elevation of ERK activity, cortical cytoarchitecture abnormalities and behavioral deficits. Importantly, we show that treatment with a novel ERK pathway inhibitor during a critical period of brain development rescues the molecular, anatomical and behavioral deficits in the 16p11.2 deletion mice. The ERK inhibitor treatment administered to adult mice ameliorates a subset of these behavioral deficits. Our findings provide evidence for potential targeted therapeutic intervention in 16p11.2 deletion carriers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ERK/MAPK pathway is genetically linked to autism spectrum disorders and other syndromes typified by intellectual disability. We provide direct evidence connecting the ERK/MAP kinases to the developmental abnormalities in neurogenesis and cortical cytoarchitecture associated with the 16p11.2 chromosomal deletion. Most importantly, we demonstrate that treatment with a novel ERK-specific inhibitor during development rescues aberrant cortical cytoarchitecture and restores normal levels of cell-cycle regulators during cortical neurogenesis. These treatments partially reverse the behavioral deficits observed in the 16p11.2del mouse model, including hyperactivity, memory as well as olfaction, and maternal behavior. We also report a rescue of a subset of these deficits upon treatment of adult 16p11.2del mice. These data provide a strong rationale for therapeutic approaches to this disorder.
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109
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Motor and Perceptual Recovery in Adult Patients with Mild Intellectual Disability. Neural Plast 2018. [PMID: 29849555 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3273246.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between intellectual disability (ID) and hand motor coordination and speed-accuracy, as well as the effect of aging on fine motor performance in patients with ID, has been previously investigated. However, only a few data are available on the impact of the nonpharmacological interventions in adult patients with long-term hand motor deficit. Methods Fifty adults with mild ID were enrolled. A group of thirty patients underwent a two-month intensive ergotherapic treatment that included hand motor rehabilitation and visual-perceptual treatment (group A); twenty patients performing conventional motor rehabilitation alone (group B) served as a control group. Data on attention, perceptual abilities, hand dexterity, and functional independence were collected by a blind operator, both at entry and at the end of the study. Results After the interventions, group A showed significantly better performance than group B in all measures related to hand movement from both sides and to independence in activities of daily living. Discussion Multimodal integrated interventions targeting visual-perceptual abilities and motor skills are an effective neurorehabilitative approach in adult patients with mild ID. Motor learning and memory-mediated mechanisms of neural plasticity might underlie the observed recovery, suggesting the presence of plastic adaptive changes even in the adult brain with ID.
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110
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Sultana R, Ghandi T, M. Davila A, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. Upregulated SK2 Expression and Impaired CaMKII Phosphorylation Are Shared Synaptic Defects Between 16p11.2del and 129S: Δdisc1 Mutant Mice. ASN Neuro 2018; 10:1759091418817641. [PMID: 33592687 PMCID: PMC6295693 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418817641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel gating and kinase regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 activity are fundamental mechanisms that govern synaptic plasticity. In this study, we showed that two mutant models (16p11.2del and Δdisc1 ) that recapitulate aspects of human cognitive disorders shared a similar defect in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1-dependent synaptic function. Our results demonstrate that the expression of small-conductance potassium channels (SK2 or KCa2.2) was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of 16p11.2del and 129S:Δdisc1 mutant mice. Likewise, both mutant strains exhibited an impairment of T286 phosphorylation of calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In vivo neural recordings revealed that increased SK2 expression and impaired T286 phosphorylation of CaMKII coincide with a prolonged interspike interval in the hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) field for both 16p11.2del and 129S:Δdisc1 mutant mice. These findings suggest that alteration of small conductance channels and T286 phosphorylation of CaMKII are likely shared factors underlying behavioral changes in these two genetic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State
University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tanya Ghandi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State
University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Davila
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State
University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State
University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State
University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Cantone M, Catalano MA, Lanza G, La Delfa G, Ferri R, Pennisi M, Bella R, Pennisi G, Bramanti A. Motor and Perceptual Recovery in Adult Patients with Mild Intellectual Disability. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:3273246. [PMID: 29849555 PMCID: PMC5937379 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3273246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between intellectual disability (ID) and hand motor coordination and speed-accuracy, as well as the effect of aging on fine motor performance in patients with ID, has been previously investigated. However, only a few data are available on the impact of the nonpharmacological interventions in adult patients with long-term hand motor deficit. METHODS Fifty adults with mild ID were enrolled. A group of thirty patients underwent a two-month intensive ergotherapic treatment that included hand motor rehabilitation and visual-perceptual treatment (group A); twenty patients performing conventional motor rehabilitation alone (group B) served as a control group. Data on attention, perceptual abilities, hand dexterity, and functional independence were collected by a blind operator, both at entry and at the end of the study. RESULTS After the interventions, group A showed significantly better performance than group B in all measures related to hand movement from both sides and to independence in activities of daily living. DISCUSSION Multimodal integrated interventions targeting visual-perceptual abilities and motor skills are an effective neurorehabilitative approach in adult patients with mild ID. Motor learning and memory-mediated mechanisms of neural plasticity might underlie the observed recovery, suggesting the presence of plastic adaptive changes even in the adult brain with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Cantone
- 1IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria A. Catalano
- 2Associazione Assistenziale Villa Sandra, Via per Aci Bonaccorsi 16, San Giovanni La Punta, 95037 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- 3Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, Troina, 94018 Enna, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Delfa
- 2Associazione Assistenziale Villa Sandra, Via per Aci Bonaccorsi 16, San Giovanni La Punta, 95037 Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- 3Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, Troina, 94018 Enna, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- 4Spinal Unit, Emergency Hospital “Cannizzaro”, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- 5Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pennisi
- 6Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- 1IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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