101
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[Genome-wide prediction of interferon family members of tree shrew and their molecular characteristics analysis]. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 33:67-74. [PMID: 22345011 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2012.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) represent proteins with antiviral activities that are secreted from cells in response to a variety of stimuli. In addition to antiviral, antibacterial and anti-parasitic host-defense functions they are now also recognized as crucial regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and death as well as activators of specialized cell functions particularly in the immune system and play important roles in infectious and inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) were found to be susceptible to several human viruses and therefore are widely regarded as good models for analyzing mechanism of human diseases. In this report, we have forecasted the interferon family members of tree shrew from its genome mainly using the methods like Blast (whole genome shotgun sequence) and gene prediction. Our data show that tree shrew interferon system includes: type I IFN: α (five subtypes), β, ω, κ, epsilon, δ; type II IFN: γ; type III IFN: λ1, λ2/3. Furthermore, the predicted structures of α and λ have similar character with those of other mammals. However, there are some differences in cysteine position and N-glycosylation numbers between human and Tree shrew IFNs. These results provide fundamental basis for further molecular cloning and function analysis of tree shrew IFNs in future.
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102
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Masuda Y, Matsuda A, Usui T, Sugai T, Asano A, Yamano Y. Biological effects of chicken type III interferon on expression of interferon-stimulated genes in chickens: comparison with type I and type II interferons. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1381-6. [PMID: 22673111 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key mediators that activate host defense mechanisms against viruses. The recently identified mammalian Type III IFN has biological effects similar to type I IFN. However, the biological effects of type III IFN have not yet been characterized in birds. We compared the effects of chicken type III IFN (IFN-λ) with type I (IFN-β) and type II (IFN-γ) IFNs on IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) using recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant chicken IFN-λ inhibited influenza virus replication and induced the mRNA expression of the ISGs, Mx and OAS, in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effective dose of IFN-λ was higher than that of IFN-β and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the effect of IFN-λ on induction of Mx and OAS was lesser than that of IFN-β, but comparable to that of IFN-γ. These results indicate that chicken IFN-λ has the potential to induce ISGs and inhibit viral replication in chicken cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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103
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Patel MV, Ghosh M, Fahey JV, Wira CR. Uterine epithelial cells specifically induce interferon-stimulated genes in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid independently of estradiol. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35654. [PMID: 22558189 PMCID: PMC3338446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon β (IFNβ) is an antiviral cytokine secreted in response to pathogenic exposure that creates a restrictive intracellular environment through the action of downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). The objective of this study was to examine the expression of IFNβ and ISG in both human uterine epithelial cells (UEC) and the ECC-1 uterine epithelial cell line and determine if expression changes with TLR stimulation and hormone exposure. Stimulation of primary uterine epithelial cells and ECC-1 cells with the TLR3 agonist poly (I:C) induced the mRNA expression of IFNβ, MxA, OAS2 and PKR. Other TLR agonists including imiquimod and CpG had no effect on either IFNβ or ISG expression. In contrast to ECC-1 cell responses which were slower, maximal IFNβ upregulation in UEC occurred 3 hours post-stimulation and preceded the ISG response which peaked approximately 12 hours after poly (I:C) exposure. Unexpectedly, estradiol, either alone or prior to treatment with poly (I:C), had no effect on IFNβ or ISG expression. Blockade of the IFN receptor abrogated the upregulation of MxA, OAS2 and PKR. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies against IFNβ partially inhibited the upregulation of all three ISG. Estradiol, directly and in the presence of poly (I:C) had no effect on IFNβ and ISG expression. These results indicate that uterine epithelial cells are important sentinels of the innate immune system and demonstrate that uterine epithelial cells are capable of mounting a rapid IFN-mediated antiviral response that is independent of estradiol and is therefore potentially sustained throughout the menstrual cycle to aid in the defense of the uterus against potential pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V Patel
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America.
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104
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Mahanonda R, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Rerkyen P, Thitithanyanont A, Subbalekha K, Pichyangkul S. MxA expression induced by α-defensin in healthy human periodontal tissue. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:946-956. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noppadol Sa-Ard-Iam
- Research Unit for Periodontal Disease; Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; Thailand
| | - Pimprapa Rerkyen
- Research Unit for Periodontal Disease; Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; Thailand
| | | | - Keskanya Subbalekha
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; Thailand
| | - Sathit Pichyangkul
- Department of Immunology and Medicine; US Army Medical Component; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS); Bangkok; Thailand
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105
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Sutejo R, Yeo DS, Myaing MZ, Hui C, Xia J, Ko D, Cheung PCF, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. Activation of type I and III interferon signalling pathways occurs in lung epithelial cells infected with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33732. [PMID: 22470468 PMCID: PMC3312346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The host response to the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2, H5N3 and H9N2 viruses were examined in A549, MDCK, and CEF cells using a systems-based approach. The H5N2 and H5N3 viruses replicated efficiently in A549 and MDCK cells, while the H9N2 virus replicated least efficiently in these cell types. However, all LPAI viruses exhibited similar and higher replication efficiencies in CEF cells. A comparison of the host responses of these viruses and the H1N1/WSN virus and low passage pH1N1 clinical isolates was performed in A549 cells. The H9N2 and H5N2 virus subtypes exhibited a robust induction of Type I and Type III interferon (IFN) expression, sustained STAT1 activation from between 3 and 6 hpi, which correlated with large increases in IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression by 10 hpi. In contrast, cells infected with the pH1N1 or H1N1/WSN virus showed only small increases in Type III IFN signalling, low levels of ISG expression, and down-regulated expression of the IFN type I receptor. JNK activation and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic XAF1 protein was observed in A549 cells infected with all viruses except the H1N1/WSN virus, while MAPK p38 activation was only observed in cells infected with the pH1N1 and the H5 virus subtypes. No IFN expression and low ISG expression levels were generally observed in CEF cells infected with either AIV, while increased IFN and ISG expression was observed in response to the H1N1/WSN infection. These data suggest differences in the replication characteristics and antivirus signalling responses both among the different LPAI viruses, and between these viruses and the H1N1 viruses examined. These virus-specific differences in host cell signalling highlight the importance of examining the host response to avian influenza viruses that have not been extensively adapted to mammalian tissue culture.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Birds
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza in Birds/genetics
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/enzymology
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Interferon Type I/genetics
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interferons
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Virus Replication
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sutejo
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawn S. Yeo
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Myint Zu Myaing
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Hui
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiajia Xia
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Debbie Ko
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter C. F. Cheung
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huan Tan
- Detection and Diagnostics Laboratory, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard J. Sugrue
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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106
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Miyamura T, Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Wu S, Fujiwara K, Imazeki F, Yokosuka O. Hepatic STAT1-nuclear translocation and interleukin 28B polymorphisms predict treatment outcomes in hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28617. [PMID: 22174846 PMCID: PMC3236206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated associations between signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 in pretreated liver tissues, interleukin (IL) 28B polymorphism and treatment response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed immunostaining analysis of STAT1 in liver tissues and determined IL28B polymorphism at rs8099917. We then compared the results with treatment outcomes in HCV genotype 1 patients with high viral load who were receiving peginterferon plus ribavirin. In univariate analysis, younger age, white blood cell counts, virological responder, early virological responder (EVR), mild activity (A1) of liver inflammation grading, and lower STAT1 nuclear-stain of hepatocytes in zone 1, zone 2 and total zones of liver were associated with sustained virological responder (SVR). Multivariate analysis showed that EVR, age and hepatic STAT1 nuclear-stain in zone 2 of liver were independent predictors of SVR. It was also revealed that IL28B and STAT1-nuclear translocation in hepatocytes are independent predictors of response to treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. CONCLUSIONS Concomitant assessment of lower STAT1 nuclear-stain of hepatocytes and IL28B polymorphism is useful for prediction of SVR in HCV genotype 1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Miyamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Imazeki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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107
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Interferon lambda: a new sword in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:349575. [PMID: 22190970 PMCID: PMC3235441 DOI: 10.1155/2011/349575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) family has considerably contributed to our understanding of the role of interferon not only in viral infections but also in cancer. IFN-λ proteins belong to the new type III IFN group. Type III IFN is structurally similar to type II IFN (IFN-γ) but functionally identical to type I IFN (IFN-α/β). However, in contrast to type I or type II IFNs, the response to type III IFN is highly cell-type specific. Only epithelial-like cells and to a lesser extent some immune cells respond to IFN-λ. This particular pattern of response is controlled by the differential expression of the IFN-λ receptor, which, in contrast to IFN-α, should result in limited side effects in patients. Recently, we and other groups have shown in several animal models a potent antitumor role of IFN-λ that will open a new challenging era for the current IFN therapy.
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108
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Fujie H, Tanaka T, Tagawa M, Kaijun N, Watanabe M, Suzuki T, Nakayama K, Numasaki M. Antitumor activity of type III interferon alone or in combination with type I interferon against human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1977-90. [PMID: 21883692 PMCID: PMC11158295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activities of type III interferon (IFN) (interleukin [IL]-28 and IL-29) and the combination of type III IFN and type I IFN (IFN-α) were evaluated using human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of type III and type I receptor complexes was detected in NSCLC lines. IL-29 significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of a wide range of NSCLC lines in a dose-dependent fashion. To a lesser degree, IL-28A also displayed growth inhibitory activity. Antitumor activity of type III IFN is associated with cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis. IL-29 upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 in cells sensitive, but not insensitive, to antiproliferative activity, and knockdown of p21 with small interfering RNA largely attenuated the antiproliferative effect. Intratumoral and systemic administration of IL-29 inhibited OBA-LK1 and LK-1, but not A549, tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated marked upregulated p21 and downregulated Ki-67 expression in tumors treated with IL-29. The interferon combination of IL-29 and IFN-α displayed a more effective antiproliferative effect and a more intense p21 expression than each reagent alone in vitro. Furthermore, interferon combination therapy suppressed in vivo NSCLC growth more effectively than interferon monotherapy. These findings demonstrate that type III IFN can mediate direct antitumor activities via increased p21 expression and induction of apoptosis and cooperate with type I IFN to elicit more efficient direct antitumor activities, and suggest the possibility that type III IFN might improve the efficacy and reduce the side-effects of type I IFN cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/biosynthesis
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drug Synergism
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Interferons
- Interleukins/pharmacology
- Interleukins/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytokine/analysis
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytokine/drug effects
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujie
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
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109
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Zhang SQ, Zhang Z, Luo X, Yang S, Chai Y, Huang HL, Yin XY, Hu DJ, Yang CJ, Liu JL, Zhang XJ. Interleukin 29 enhances expression of Toll receptor 3 and mediates antiviral signals in human keratinocytes. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:1031-7. [PMID: 21847628 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin 29 (IL-29) is a class II cytokine and displays numerous immune functions other than its anti-viral and antiproliferation activities. This study is focused on the effect of IL-29 on human keratinocytes (KCs). METHODS Primary KCs were stimulated by various concentrations of IL-29 for different time periods, and antiviral proteins and TLR3 gene expression were then analyzed by real-time PCR. The signal pathways activated by IL-29 in KCs were detected by western blot. The antiviral activity of IL-29 was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, and small interfering RNA knockdown was used to analyze the role of toll receptor 3 (TLR3) in the antiviral activity of IL-29. RESULTS IL-29 was able to induce expression of antiviral proteins and TLR3 gene expression in KCs. IL-29 pretreatment strongly enhanced herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced expression of the interferon β (IFN-β) gene and protected the KCs from HSV-1 challenge. The IL-29 antiviral activity was partially dependent on TLR3 expression induced by this cytokine, and mechanistic studies demonstrated that the regulation of TLR3 expression by IL-29 might be partially dependent on Janus kinase /signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STATs) activation. CONCLUSION IL-29-induced TLR3 expression is involved in antiviral activity of IL-29 in KCs, which suggests a feasible method to cure certain viral infections of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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110
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Li Q, Kawamura K, Okamoto S, Fujie H, Numasaki M, Namba M, Nagata M, Shimada H, Kobayashi H, Tagawa M. Adenoviruses-mediated transduction of human oesophageal carcinoma cells with the interferon-λ genes produced anti-tumour effects. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1302-12. [PMID: 21952623 PMCID: PMC3241552 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-λs (IFN-λs) are novel cytokines with multiple functions, like IFN-α and -β. We examined possible anti-tumour effects produced by adenoviruses bearing the IFN-λ1 or -λ2 gene (Ad/IFN-λ) with the type-35 fibre-knob structure. METHODS Proliferation of oesophageal carcinoma cells transduced with Ad/IFN-λ and mechanisms of the inhibited growth were investigated. RESULTS Transduction with Ad/IFN-λ upregulated the expression of the class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complexes and induced the growth suppression. Increased sub-G1 populations and the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were detected in IFN-λ-sensitive YES-2 and T.Tn cells. The cell death was accompanied by cytoplasmic cytochrome C and increased cleaved caspase-9 and Bax expression, suggesting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Adenovirus/IFN-λ-infected YES-2 cells subsequently reduced the tumourigenicity. Adenovirus/IFN-λ-infected fibroblasts, negative for the IFN-λ receptors, induced death of YES-2 or T.Tn cells that were co-cultured. Inoculation of YES-2 cells in nude mice, when mixed with the Ad/IFN-λ-infected fibroblasts, resulted in retardation of the tumour growth. The growth suppression was not linked with upregulated CD69 expression on natural killer cells or increased numbers of CD31-positive cells. CONCLUSION Adenovirus/IFN-λ induced apoptosis, and fibroblast-mediated delivery of IFN-λs is a potential cancer treatment by inducing direct cell death of the target carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - K Kawamura
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - S Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - H Fujie
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - M Numasaki
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - M Namba
- Niimi College, Okayama 718-8585, Japan
| | - M Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - H Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - H Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - M Tagawa
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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111
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A possible anticancer agent, type III interferon, activates cell death pathways and produces antitumor effects. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:479013. [PMID: 22013482 PMCID: PMC3195555 DOI: 10.1155/2011/479013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently identified interleukin-28 and -29 belong to a novel type III interferon (IFN) family, which could have distinct biological properties from type I and II IFNs. Type I IFNs, IFN-α/β, have been clinically applied for treating a certain kind of malignancies for over 30 years, but a wide range of the adverse effects hampered the further clinical applications. Type III IFNs, IFN-λs, have similar signaling pathways as IFN-α/β and inhibits proliferation of tumor cells through cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Restricted patterns of type III IFN receptor expression in contrast to ubiquitously expressed IFN-α/β receptors suggest that type III IFNs have limited cytotoxicity to normal cells and can be a possible anticancer agent. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the IFN-λs-mediated tumor cell death and discuss the functional difference between type I and III IFNs.
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112
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Abstract
For decades, type I IFNs have been considered indispensable and unique antiviral mediators for the activation of rapid innate antiviral protection. However, the recent discovery of type III IFNs is challenging this paradigm. Since their identification in 2002/2003 by two independent groups, type III IFNs or IFN-λs, also known as IL-28/29, have been the subject of increased study with consequent recognition of their importance in virology and immunology. Initial reports suggested that IFN-λs functionally resemble type I IFNs. Although IFN-λs and classical type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) utilize distinct receptor complexes for signaling, both types of IFNs activate similar intracellular signaling pathways and biological activities, including the ability to induce antiviral state in cells, and both type I and type III IFNs are induced by viral infection. However, different antiviral potency, pattern of their induction and differential tissue expression of their corresponding receptor subunits suggest that the type I and type III IFN antiviral systems do not merely duplicate each other. Recent studies have started to reveal unique biological activities of IFN-λs in and beyond innate antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, USA.
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113
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Okabayashi T, Kojima T, Masaki T, Yokota SI, Imaizumi T, Tsutsumi H, Himi T, Fujii N, Sawada N. Type-III interferon, not type-I, is the predominant interferon induced by respiratory viruses in nasal epithelial cells. Virus Res 2011; 160:360-6. [PMID: 21816185 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As an innate immune response against diverse viral infections, a host induces two types of interferon (IFN), type-I (IFN-β/α) and type-III (IFN-λ). We investigated IFN inductions by respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles virus and mumps virus in human nasal epithelial cells (NECs). IFN-λ, but not IFN-β/α, was induced by respiratory virus infection in primary NECs and immortalized NECs through transfection with the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT-NECs). In contrast, both IFN-λ and IFN-β/α were induced by RSV infection in human bronchiolar carcinoma cell line A549. Suppression of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) expression using siRNA significantly reduced IFN-λ1 production in RSV-infected hTERT-NECs, while suppression of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) expression did not. Exogenous IFN-λ1 treatment suppressed RSV replication and chemokine induction in hTERT-NECs. These data indicate that IFN-λ, but not IFN-β/α, contributes to the main first line defense via RIG-I-dependent pathway against respiratory virus infection in NECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1-W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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114
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Koch S, Nusrat A. The life and death of epithelia during inflammation: lessons learned from the gut. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 7:35-60. [PMID: 21838548 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-120905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells form protective barriers that physically separate an organism from the outside world. Rather than being merely static, impregnable shields, epithelia are highly dynamic structures that can adjust their proliferation, differentiation, and death in response to intrinsic and extrinsic signals. The advantages as well as pitfalls of this flexibility are highlighted in inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and psoriasis, which are characterized by a chronically dysregulated homeostasis of the epithelium. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that epithelial cells communicate with their surroundings through converging, integrated signaling cascades and that even minor alterations in these pathways can have dramatic pathologic consequences. In this review, we discuss how inflammatory cytokines and other signaling molecules, directly or through cross talk, regulate epithelial homeostasis in the intestine, and we highlight parallels and differences in a few other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koch
- Epithelial Pathobiology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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115
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Luo R, Fang L, Jin H, Jiang Y, Wang D, Chen H, Xiao S. Antiviral activity of type I and type III interferons against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Antiviral Res 2011; 91:99-101. [PMID: 21569798 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The newly identified type III interferons (IFNs), also known as IFN-λ1/IL-29, IFN-λ2/IL-28A and IFN-λ3/IL-28B, like type I IFNs, have antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. We therefore examined whether type III IFNs, as well as type I IFNs, has the ability to inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication in MARC-145 cells. We found that replication of PRRSV in MARC-145 cells was significantly reduced following treatment with IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3, respectively, and such inhibition was dose-dependent. However, type III IFNs (IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3) was less effective than type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) in antiviral activity against PRRSV. Mixture of two types of IFNs could not improve the antiviral activity of each type alone. In addition, all types of IFNs in our study were able to induce the expression of ISG56, 2',5'-OAS and MxA in MARC-145 cells. These data demonstrate that type III IFNs had antiviral activity against PRRSV and may serve as useful antiviral agents against infectious swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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116
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Wu Q, Yang Q, Lourenco E, Sun H, Zhang Y. Interferon-lambda1 induces peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived chemokines secretion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: its correlation with disease activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R88. [PMID: 21679442 PMCID: PMC3218903 DOI: 10.1186/ar3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organ systems. Previous studies have suggested that interferon-lambda 1 (IFN-λ1), a type III interferon, plays an immunomodulatory role. In this study we investigated its role in SLE, including its correlation with disease activity, organ disorder and production of chemokines. METHODS We determined levels of IFN-λ1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum protein levels in patients with SLE using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Further, we detected the concentration of IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secreted by PBMC under the stimulation of IFN-λ1 using ELISA. RESULTS IFN-λ1 mRNA and serum protein levels were higher in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls. Patients with active disease showed higher IFN-λ1 mRNA and serum protein levels compared with those with inactive disease as well. Serum IFN-λ1 levels were positively correlated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), anti-dsDNA antibody, C-reactive protein (CRP) and negatively correlated with complement 3. Serum IFN-λ1 levels were higher in SLE patients with renal involvement and arthritis compared with patients without the above-mentioned manifestations. IFN-λ1 with different concentrations displayed different effects on the secretion of the chemokines IP-10, MIG and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IFN-λ1 is probably involved in the renal disorder and arthritis progression of SLE and associated with disease activity. Moreover, it probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE by stimulating secretion of the chemokines IP-10, MIG and IL-8. Thus, IFN-λ1 may provide a novel research target for the pathogenesis and therapy of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Road, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Road, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Elaine Lourenco
- Division of Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hongsheng Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Road, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Road, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
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Ouyang W, Rutz S, Crellin NK, Valdez PA, Hymowitz SG. Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 29:71-109. [PMID: 21166540 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1290] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The IL-10 family of cytokines consists of nine members: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and the more distantly related IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29. Evolutionarily, IL-10 family cytokines emerged before the adaptive immune response. These cytokines elicit diverse host defense mechanisms, especially from epithelial cells, during various infections. IL-10 family cytokines are essential for maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissue epithelial layers. Members of this family can promote innate immune responses from tissue epithelia to limit the damage caused by viral and bacterial infections. These cytokines can also facilitate the tissue-healing process in injuries caused by infection or inflammation. Finally, IL-10 itself can repress proinflammatory responses and limit unnecessary tissue disruptions caused by inflammation. Thus, IL-10 family cytokines have indispensable functions in many infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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118
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Langhans B, Kupfer B, Braunschweiger I, Arndt S, Schulte W, Nischalke HD, Nattermann J, Oldenburg J, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U. Interferon-lambda serum levels in hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2011; 54:859-65. [PMID: 21145813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs) trigger adaptive immune responses and are an important source of antiviral cytokines. In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection DC function is markedly impaired. Thus far, studies have focused on types I and II interferon (IFN). We studied IFN-lambda1 (IL-29) and IFN-lambda2/3 (IL-28A/B) serum levels in patients with different outcomes of HCV infection. METHODS IFN-lambdas were measured by ELISAs detecting IL-29 or IL-28A and IL-28B, respectively. Results were stratified with respect to the recently discovered rs12979860 T/C polymorphism upstream of the IL-28B gene. RESULTS In general IL-29 serum levels exceeded IL-28A/B at least twofold, with IL-29 and IL-28A/B levels being significantly higher in carriers of the rs12979860 C allele than in TT homozygous individuals (p<0.02). IL-29 levels were substantially lower in patients with chronic hepatitis C than in healthy controls (p=0.005) and patients with spontaneously resolved hepatitis (p=0.001). Patients with acute hepatitis C showed IL-29 levels intermediate between chronic hepatitis C and normal controls; and IL-29 serum levels were higher in patients who spontaneously resolved hepatitis C than in those who became chronic. In vitro HCV proteins NS3 and E2 directly inhibited IL-29 production in poly I:C-stimulated purified DCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HCV proteins modify IFN-lambda production in DCs. Carriers of the rs12979860 C allele associated with resolution of HCV infection exhibited increased IFN-lambda levels. Moreover, high IFN-lambda levels predisposed to spontaneous resolution of HCV infection. Thus, IFN-lambdas seem to play an important role in the control of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Langhans
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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119
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IFN-lambda determines the intestinal epithelial antiviral host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:7944-9. [PMID: 21518880 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100552108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I and type III IFNs bind to different cell-surface receptors but induce identical signal transduction pathways, leading to the expression of antiviral host effector molecules. Despite the fact that type III IFN (IFN-λ) has been shown to predominantly act on mucosal organs, in vivo infection studies have failed to attribute a specific, nonredundant function. Instead, a predominant role of type I IFN was observed, which was explained by the ubiquitous expression of the type I IFN receptor. Here we comparatively analyzed the role of functional IFN-λ and type I IFN receptor signaling in the innate immune response to intestinal rotavirus infection in vivo, and determined viral replication and antiviral gene expression on the cellular level. We observed that both suckling and adult mice lacking functional receptors for IFN-λ were impaired in the control of oral rotavirus infection, whereas animals lacking functional receptors for type I IFN were similar to wild-type mice. Using Mx1 protein accumulation as marker for IFN responsiveness of individual cells, we demonstrate that intestinal epithelial cells, which are the prime target cells of rotavirus, strongly responded to IFN-λ but only marginally to type I IFN in vivo. Systemic treatment of suckling mice with IFN-λ repressed rotavirus replication in the gut, whereas treatment with type I IFN was not effective. These results are unique in identifying a critical role of IFN-λ in the epithelial antiviral host defense.
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120
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Stättermayer AF, Stauber R, Hofer H, Rutter K, Beinhardt S, Scherzer TM, Zinober K, Datz C, Maieron A, Dulic-Lakovic E, Kessler HH, Steindl-Munda P, Strasser M, Krall C, Ferenci P. Impact of IL28B genotype on the early and sustained virologic response in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9:344-350.e2. [PMID: 20728570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene that encodes interleukin (IL)-28B predict response of patients with chronic hepatitis C to antiviral therapy. We investigated the roles of polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917 on the early virologic response of treatment-naïve patients. METHODS SNPs were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of samples from 682 patients (genotype [GT]1=372, GT2/3=208, GT4=102) who were treated with 180 μg pegylated interferon-α2a and 400 or 800 mg (GT2/3, depending on the protocol) or 1000-1200 mg (GT1/4) ribavirin/day. The duration of treatment was 24 (GT2/3) or 24-72 weeks (GT1/4). RESULTS Patients with C/C also had higher rates of rapid virologic response (RVR) (GT1, 38.3% vs 11.6%; GT4, 76.5% vs 23.5%; both P<.001) and sustained virologic responses (SVRs) (GT1, 79.1% vs 43.2%; GT4, 85.3% vs 44.1%; both P<.001). In patients with GT2/3, the RVR was more frequent in carriers of C/C (75.3% vs 52.6%, P<.01), but SVR rates were similar between those with C/C and T (80.5% vs 74.4%, P=.31). Results for rs8099917 were comparable. The positive predictive value of rs12979860 C/C for SVR was higher than that of rs8099917 T/T (80.5% vs 71.6%). Overall, RVR was the best predictor of SVR. In patients who did not have GT1, IL28B polymorphisms did not affect the SVR if RVR data were included in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS An early virologic response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin is more likely among carriers of rs12979860 C/C and rs8099917 T/T, which might underlie their high rates of SVR. Determination of the IL28B genotype and whether patients have an RVR might be used in future studies of patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4.
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121
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Mordstein M, Michiels T, Staeheli P. What have we learned from the IL28 receptor knockout mouse? J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 30:579-84. [PMID: 20649452 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered type III interferons (IFNs), also known as IFN-lambda, are part of the early innate immune response against viral infections. The IFN-lambda system closely resembles the type I IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) system in terms of expression after virus infection as well as intracellular signaling and activation of antiviral host factors in susceptible cells. However, in contrast to type I IFN, which signals through a universally expressed cell surface receptor, IFN-lambda uses a distinct receptor complex (IL28R) for signaling, which is expressed on a limited range of cell types. Until recently both the contribution of type III IFN to antiviral resistance as well as the exact nature of IL28R-expressing cells in vivo remained elusive. In this review we discuss data obtained from the experiments with IL28Ralpha(0/0) mice that demonstrated the role of IFN-lambda in viral defense in vivo. We further discuss the experiments that identified the cell types in various organs that express functional IFN-lambda receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mordstein
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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122
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Donnelly RP, Kotenko SV. Interferon-lambda: a new addition to an old family. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 30:555-64. [PMID: 20712453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and initial description of the interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda) family in early 2003 opened an exciting new chapter in the field of IFN research. There are 3 IFN-lambda genes that encode 3 distinct but highly related proteins denoted IFN-lambda1, -lambda2, and -lambda3. These proteins are also known as interleukin-29 (IL-29), IL-28A, and IL-28B, respectively. Collectively, these 3 cytokines comprise the type III subset of IFNs. They are distinct from both type I and type II IFNs for a number of reasons, including the fact that they signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex that is different from the receptors used by type I or type II IFNs. Although type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta) and type III IFNs (IFN-lambda) signal via distinct receptor complexes, they activate the same intracellular signaling pathway and many of the same biological activities, including antiviral activity, in a wide variety of target cells. Consistent with their antiviral activity, expression of the IFN-lambda genes and their corresponding proteins is inducible by infection with many types of viruses. Therefore, expression of the type III IFNs (IFN-lambdas) and their primary biological activity are very similar to the type I IFNs. However, unlike IFN-alpha receptors which are broadly expressed on most cell types, including leukocytes, IFN-lambda receptors are largely restricted to cells of epithelial origin. The potential clinical importance of IFN-lambda as a novel antiviral therapeutic agent is already apparent. In addition, preclinical studies by several groups indicate that IFN-lambda may also be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for other clinical indications, including certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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123
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Wang D, Fang L, Zhao F, Luo R, Chen H, Xiao S. Molecular cloning, expression and antiviral activity of porcine interleukin-29 (poIL-29). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:378-384. [PMID: 21078342 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a recently discovered cytokine displaying antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, designated as interferon (IFN)-λ1. We here report the molecular cloning, expression and antiviral activity of porcine IL-29 (poIL-29). The full-length poIL-29 cDNA sequence encoded 191 amino acids with a 19 amino acid signal peptide. Sequence alignments showed that poIL-29 had amino acid sequence similarity to wolf (76%), bear (75%), horse (75%), orangutan (73%), human (72%), cat (72%) and dog (70%) IL-29. The poIL-29 without signal anchor sequence was efficiently expressed as a 6 × HIS fusion protein in Escherichia coli and the antiviral activity of the purified recombinant protein was 1.8 × 10(3)U/mg protein. The purified recombinant poIL-29 also exhibited significant antiviral effects against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies virus in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that poIL-29 is a potential antiviral agent against swine infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Wang
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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124
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Kroczynska B, Joshi S, Eklund EA, Verma A, Kotenko SV, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Regulatory effects of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFNλ signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:1147-56. [PMID: 21075852 PMCID: PMC3020721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.183566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of generation of signals that control transcriptional activation of Type III IFN (IFNλ)-regulated genes have been identified, very little is known about the mechanisms by which the IFNλ receptor generates signals for mRNA translation of IFNλ-activated genes. We provide evidence that IFNλ activates the p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) and its downstream effector, initiation factor eIF4B. Prior to its engagement by the IFNλ receptor, the non-active form of RSK1 is present in a complex with the translational repressor 4E-BP1 in IFNλ-sensitive cells. IFNλ-inducible phosphorylation/activation of RSK1 results in its dissociation from 4E-BP1 at the same time that 4E-BP1 dissociates from eIF4E to allow formation of eIF4F and initiation of cap-dependent translation. Our studies demonstrate that such IFNλ-dependent engagement of RSK1 is essential for up-regulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression, suggesting a mechanism for generation of growth-inhibitory responses. Altogether, our data provide evidence for a critical role for the activated RSK1 in IFNλ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kroczynska
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sonali Joshi
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Elizabeth A. Eklund
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Amit Verma
- the Division of Hematology-Oncology, the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Eleanor N. Fish
- the Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 2M1, Ontario, Canada, and
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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125
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Firoz Mian M, Ashkar AA. Induction of innate immune responses in the female genital tract: friend or foe of HIV-1 infection? Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65:344-51. [PMID: 21223417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 and HSV-2 across the genital tract epithelial tissue is one of the primary routes for dissemination of these viral infections. Mucosal innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. A vast majority of mucosal HIV-1 exposures do not result in productive infections which may indicate that the innate mucosal immune system is highly protective. It has been shown that Toll-like receptors (TLR)-induced innate antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa lead to induction of type I and III interferon and prevention of HSV-2 infection. The innate antiviral function of type I and III interferons and other innate factors at genital mucosa against HIV-1 is not well defined. In this review, we summarize our current understanding and advances of the innate mucosal response to genital viral infections, including HIV-1 and HSV-2, focusing on those factors that may prevent or accelerate initial infection. Understanding how each of these components contributes to mucosal innate antiviral immunity may lead to the development of novel and effective strategies to use microbicides or antiviral agents to control HIV-1 acquisition and/or transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Firoz Mian
- Centre for Gene Therapeutics, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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126
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Pica F, Volpi A, Gaziano R, Garaci E. Interferon-lambda in immunocompetent individuals with a history of recurrent herpes labialis. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:737-43. [PMID: 20710055 DOI: 10.3851/imp1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes labialis (HL) is the most common manifestation of recurrent oral herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection. Between 20% and 40% of the population is affected by recurrent HL. The biological basis for the difference between HSV-1-infected individuals who do and who do not suffer recurrences, has long been investigated. Interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-lambda are essential for antiviral immunity, but the precise role of IFN-lambda in vivo is not yet well understood. METHODS Healthy immunocompetent patients with or without a history of recurrent HL were recruited from the Policlinico of the University of Rome Tor Vergata (Rome, Italy), and HSV-1-seronegative individuals were recruited from the Department of Experimental Medicine of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, between July 2007 and December 2008. Participants were interviewed by medically trained investigators and underwent a blood test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from heparinized blood of patients and stimulated in vitro with intact HSV-1 strain F1 (1 plaque-forming unit/cell). PBMC supernatants were assayed for IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma and IFN-lambda production by ELISA at 24 and 48 h after viral challenge. RESULTS PBMC from patients with a history of recurrent HL produced markedly lower levels of IFN-lambda and marginally lower levels of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma than those from the history-negative HSV-1-seropositive controls. Among individuals with HL recurrences, those with more frequent and severe manifestations showed a significant trend towards lower levels of IFN-lambda production. CONCLUSIONS A reduced IFN-lambda response might correlate with the development of recurrent HSV-1 infection in immunocompetent individuals. Testing for IFN-lambda response might be useful to predict individual patterns of antiviral response, contributing to more successful therapeutic or prophylactic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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Miknis ZJ, Magracheva E, Li W, Zdanov A, Kotenko SV, Wlodawer A. Crystal structure of human interferon-λ1 in complex with its high-affinity receptor interferon-λR1. J Mol Biol 2010; 404:650-64. [PMID: 20934432 PMCID: PMC2991516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λ1 [also known as interleukin (IL)-29] belongs to the recently discovered group of type III IFNs. All type III IFNs initiate signaling processes through formation of specific heterodimeric receptor complexes consisting of IFN-λR1 and IL-10R2. We have determined the structure of human IFN-λ1 complexed with human IFN-λR1, a receptor unique to type III IFNs. The overall structure of IFN-λ1 is topologically similar to the structure of IL-10 and other members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. IFN-λR1 consists of two distinct domains having fibronectin type III topology. The ligand-receptor interface includes helix A, loop AB, and helix F on the IFN site, as well as loops primarily from the N-terminal domain and inter-domain hinge region of IFN-λR1. Composition and architecture of the interface that includes only a few direct hydrogen bonds support an idea that long-range ionic interactions between ligand and receptor govern the process of initial recognition of the molecules while hydrophobic interactions finalize it.
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Key Words
- cytokine
- crystallography
- antiviral
- immunity
- signaling
- ifn, interferon
- il, interleukin
- hcv, hepatitis c virus
- cmv, cytomegalovirus
- ebv, epstein–barr virus
- peg, polyethylene glycol
- pdb, protein data bank
- nag, n-acetylglucosamine
- sc, shape complementarity
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Miknis
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugenia Magracheva
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Zdanov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Diegelmann J, Beigel F, Zitzmann K, Kaul A, Göke B, Auernhammer CJ, Bartenschlager R, Diepolder HM, Brand S. Comparative analysis of the lambda-interferons IL-28A and IL-29 regarding their transcriptome and their antiviral properties against hepatitis C virus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15200. [PMID: 21170333 PMCID: PMC2999541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific differences in signaling and antiviral properties between the different Lambda-interferons, a novel group of interferons composed of IL-28A, IL-28B and IL-29, are currently unknown. This is the first study comparatively investigating the transcriptome and the antiviral properties of the Lambda-interferons IL-28A and IL-29. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Expression studies were performed by microarray analysis, quantitative PCR (qPCR), reporter gene assays and immunoluminometric assays. Signaling was analyzed by Western blot. HCV replication was measured in Huh-7 cells expressing subgenomic HCV replicon. All hepatic cell lines investigated as well as primary hepatocytes expressed both IFN-λ receptor subunits IL-10R2 and IFN-λR1. Both, IL-28A and IL-29 activated STAT1 signaling. As revealed by microarray analysis, similar genes were induced by both cytokines in Huh-7 cells (IL-28A: 117 genes; IL-29: 111 genes), many of them playing a role in antiviral immunity. However, only IL-28A was able to significantly down-regulate gene expression (n = 272 down-regulated genes). Both cytokines significantly decreased HCV replication in Huh-7 cells. In comparison to liver biopsies of patients with non-viral liver disease, liver biopsies of patients with HCV showed significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-28A and IL-29. Moreover, IL-28A serum protein levels were elevated in HCV patients. In a murine model of viral hepatitis, IL-28 expression was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE IL-28A and IL-29 are up-regulated in HCV patients and are similarly effective in inducing antiviral genes and inhibiting HCV replication. In contrast to IL-29, IL-28A is a potent gene repressor. Both IFN-λs may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Diegelmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Zitzmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Artur Kaul
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Auernhammer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut M. Diepolder
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Lauterbach H, Bathke B, Gilles S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Luber CA, Fejer G, Freudenberg MA, Davey GM, Vremec D, Kallies A, Wu L, Shortman K, Chaplin P, Suter M, O’Keeffe M, Hochrein H. Mouse CD8alpha+ DCs and human BDCA3+ DCs are major producers of IFN-lambda in response to poly IC. J Exp Med 2010; 207:2703-17. [PMID: 20975040 PMCID: PMC2989774 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a double-stranded RNA, is an effective adjuvant in vivo. IFN-λs (also termed IL-28/29) are potent immunomodulatory and antiviral cytokines. We demonstrate that poly IC injection in vivo induces large amounts of IFN-λ, which depended on hematopoietic cells and the presence of TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3), IRF3 (IFN regulatory factor 3), IRF7, IFN-I receptor, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL), and IRF8 but not on MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), Rig-like helicases, or lymphocytes. Upon poly IC injection in vivo, the IFN-λ production by splenocytes segregated with cells phenotypically resembling CD8α(+) conventional dendritic cells (DCs [cDCs]). In vitro experiments revealed that CD8α(+) cDCs were the major producers of IFN-λ in response to poly IC, whereas both CD8α(+) cDCs and plasmacytoid DCs produced large amounts of IFN-λ in response to HSV-1 or parapoxvirus. The nature of the stimulus and the cytokine milieu determined whether CD8α(+) cDCs produced IFN-λ or IL-12p70. Human DCs expressing BDCA3 (CD141), which is considered to be the human counterpart of murine CD8α(+) DCs, also produced large amounts of IFN-λ upon poly IC stimulation. Thus, IFN-λ production in response to poly IC is a novel function of mouse CD8α(+) cDCs and their human equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Lauterbach
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Bathke
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Center of Allergy and Environment, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Center of Allergy and Environment, Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian A. Luber
- Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - György Fejer
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Gayle M. Davey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Vremec
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Li Wu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ken Shortman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Chaplin
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark Suter
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meredith O’Keeffe
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Centre for Immunology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hubertus Hochrein
- Department of Research Immunology, Bavarian Nordic GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Diegelmann J, Seiderer J, Niess JH, Haller D, Göke B, Reinecker HC, Brand S. Expression and regulation of the chemokine CXCL16 in Crohn's disease and models of intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1871-81. [PMID: 20848509 PMCID: PMC2981128 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCL16 mediates adhesion and phagocytosis of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is a strong chemoattractant for CXCR6+ T cells. In this study, we determined the so far unknown expression and signal transduction of the novel CXCL16-CXCR6 chemokine-ligand receptor system in intestinal inflammation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS CXCL16 mRNA was measured by quantitative PCR in human colonic biopsies of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) as well as in the TNFΔARE mouse model of ileitis and in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-induced colitis. CXCL16 serum levels were analyzed by ELISA. CXCL16-induced signal transduction was analyzed in intestinal epithelial cells with phospho-specific antibodies for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and Akt. RESULTS We found an inverse expression pattern of CXCL16 and CXCR6, with highest CXCL16 mRNA expression in the proximal murine small intestine and the highest CXCR6 mRNA expression in the distal colon. CXCL16 and CXCR6 mRNA were expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC)-derived intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines. CRC-expressed CXCR6 was functional, as demonstrated by CXCL16-induced MAP kinase and Akt activation. Intestinal CXCL16 expression was elevated in the TNFΔARE mouse model of ileitis and in MCMV-induced colitis (P < 0.05) and in the sera and colons of patients with CD (P < 0.05), where its expression correlated highly with CXCR6 and IL-8 levels (r = 0.85 and 0.89, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CRC-derived IECs express the functional CXCL16 receptor CXCR6. CXCL16 mRNA and protein expression is up-regulated in intestinal inflammation in vitro and in CD patients, suggesting an important role for this chemokine in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Diegelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Seiderer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Haller
- Nutrition and Food Research Center, Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany,Corresponding author: Stephan Brand, M.D., Department of Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany, Tel. + 49-89-7095 2295, Fax. + 49-89-7095 5291,
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He S, Zhang H, Chen H, Yang H, Huang T, Chen Y, Lin J, Wang F, Chen X, Li TL, Yang P. Expression and release of IL-29 by mast cells and modulation of mast cell behavior by IL-29. Allergy 2010; 65:1234-41. [PMID: 20337614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of interleukin (IL)-29 in innate immunity has been recognized recently, and it is regarded as a potent bioactive molecule. However, little is known about its role in the pathogenesis of allergy. Because mast cells are recognized as primary effector cells of allergy, we investigated the potential relationship between IL-29 and mast cells in this study. OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of IL-29 in mast cells and the influence of IL-29 on mast cell mediator release and accumulation. METHODS Expression of IL-29 in mast cells was determined by double-labeling immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis. Mast cell cell-line was cultured to examine the mediator release, and mouse peritoneal model was employed to observe the mast cell accumulation. RESULTS Large proportions of mast cells expressing IL-29 were localized in human tissue including the colon, tonsil and lung. Mast cells can release substantial quantity of IL-29 upon challenge with proteolytic allergens. Extrinsic IL-29 provoked IL-4 and IL-13 release from mast cell line P815 cells through PI3K/Akt and (JAK)/STAT3 signaling pathways, but failed to induce mast cell histamine release from human mast cells. Extrinsic IL-29 also induced mast cell infiltration in mouse peritoneum by a CD18- and ICAM1-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION Mast cell-derived IL-29 has the potential to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng He
- Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Trivella DBB, Ferreira-Júnior JR, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Structure and function of interleukin-22 and other members of the interleukin-10 family. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2909-35. [PMID: 20454917 PMCID: PMC11115847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The IL-10 family of cytokines is comprised of IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and IFN-lambdas (IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The IL-10 family members bind to shared class II cytokine receptor chains that associate in various combinations in heterodimeric complexes. Upon interleukin/receptor complex formation, these proteins switch on the Jak/STAT pathway and elicit pleiotropic biological responses whose variety sharply contrasts with their structural similarities. IL-10 family members are involved in several human diseases and health conditions and hence their structural analyses may provide valuable information to design specific therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the human interleukin-10 family of cytokines, focusing on their structures and functions, with particular attention given to IL-22 and IL-10. We report on the recently published structures of IL-10 cytokine family members and their complexes with cognate transmembrane and soluble receptors as well as on interleukin physiology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barretto Barbosa Trivella
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - José Ribamar Ferreira-Júnior
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, SP CEP 03828-000 Brazil
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Christian de Duve Institute, Universite’ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Christian de Duve Institute, Universite’ Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590 Brazil
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Pagliaccetti NE, Robek MD. Interferon-λ in HCV Infection and Therapy. Viruses 2010; 2:1589-1602. [PMID: 21994696 PMCID: PMC3185739 DOI: 10.3390/v2081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with significant liver disease and is therefore an important public health problem. The current standard-of-care therapy for chronic HCV infection consists of a combination of pegylated (PEG) interferon (IFN)-α and ribavirin. Although this therapy effectively generates a sustained viral response in approximately half of treated individuals, it is associated with significant hematological and neurological side effects. A new family of IFN-related proteins (IFN-λ1, 2, and 3; or alternately, IL-29, 28A, 28B, respectively) possesses properties that may make these cytokines superior to PEG-IFN-α for HCV therapy. Genetic studies have also implicated these proteins in both the natural and therapy-induced resolution of HCV infection. This review summarizes the basic aspects of IFN-λ biology, the potential role of these cytokines in HCV infection, and the outlook for their therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D. Robek
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-203-785-6174; Fax: +1-203-785-6127
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134
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Steen HC, Gamero AM. Interferon-lambda as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:597-602. [PMID: 20645876 PMCID: PMC9208720 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) inhibited tumor cell growth was welcomed initially with great excitement as it rapidly became a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug to treat several forms of cancer. In time, this enthusiasm diminished as severe toxicity associated with IFN-alpha administration, resistance to the therapy, or less than optimal responses became evident in cancer patients, thus restricting its clinical use and reducing its potential as an anticancer drug. The recent discovery of a third type of IFN [IFN-lambda/interleukin (IL)-29/IL-28], which shares the same biological properties of type I IFNs, opens the door for evaluating the therapeutic potential of IFN-lambda as it uses a distinct receptor complex whose expression, unlike type I IFN receptors, is restricted to cells of specific lineage. It is unclear whether the mechanism by which type III IFNs restrict tumor cell proliferation is different or the same from the one utilized by type I IFN. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence as described in this review suggests that, in contrast to IFN-alpha therapy, IFN-lambda therapy could be less toxic and suitable for certain types of malignancies as not all cells are responsive to this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan C Steen
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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135
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Witte K, Witte E, Sabat R, Wolk K. IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29: promising cytokines with type I interferon-like properties. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:237-51. [PMID: 20655797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-28A, IL-28B and IL-29 (also designated type III interferons) constitute a new subfamily within the IL-10-interferon family. They are produced by virtually any nucleated cell type, particularly dendritic cells, following viral infection or activation with bacterial components, and mediate their effects via the IL-28R1/IL-10R2 receptor complex. Although IL-28/IL-29 are closer to the IL-10-related cytokines in terms of gene structure, protein structure, and receptor usage, they display type I interferon-like anti-viral and cytostatic activities. Unlike type I interferons, the target cell populations of IL-28/IL-29 are restricted and mainly include epithelial cells and hepatocytes. These properties suggest that IL-28/IL-29 are potential therapeutic alternatives to type I interferons in terms of viral infections and tumors. This review describes the current knowledge about these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Witte
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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136
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Gallagher G, Megjugorac NJ, Yu RY, Eskdale J, Gallagher GE, Siegel R, Tollar E. The lambda interferons: guardians of the immune-epithelial interface and the T-helper 2 response. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:603-15. [PMID: 20712455 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type-III interferons (IFNs) are the most recently discovered IFNs in the human immune system and have important, but as yet poorly characterized, functions in innate and adaptive immunity that complement their antiviral functions. It is now becoming clear that these type-III IFNs have a functional niche where epithelial surfaces interact with the adaptive immune system, that their antiviral capability is not as highly developed as that of the type-I IFNs, and that they have their own profile of immunomodulatory functions; specifically, they are key modulators of the T-helper (Th)2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Gallagher
- Genetic Immunology Laboratory, HUMIGEN LLC, The Institute for Genetic Immunology, Hamilton, New Jersey 08690, USA.
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137
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Arasteh J, Ebtekar M, Pourpak Z, Pourfatollah AA, Hassan ZM, Farahmandian T. The effect of IL-28A on human cord blood CD4+ T cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:339-47. [PMID: 20148705 DOI: 10.3109/08923970903317445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The utilization of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has been increasing because of the potential advantage of rapid accessibility and the lesser risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), thus allowing less strict HLA matching. IL-28A, also known as IFN-lambda2, has been regarded as a member of a new cytokine family that shares some features with type I interferon (IFN) and was shown to have antiviral activity. The aim of this study was to identify biological activity of IL-28 on cord blood CD4(+) T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we cultured CD4(+) T cells with IL-28A (20 ng/ml), IL-2 (20 ng/ml) and 5microg/ml MACS Anti-Biotin MACSiBead Particles (bead-to-cell ratio 1:2) for 2 weeks. RESULTS Flow cytometry analyses showed that IL-28A cannot be effective on CD25 and Foxp3 expression on cord blood CD4(+) T cells, and it is not involved in proliferation of these cells. Treg suppression assay also showed that this cytokine cannot induce production of regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION We showed that IL-28A is not involved in expression of CD25 and Foxp3 markers and proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, and that our findings also suggest that induction of Foxp3 in T cells activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 does not result in the regulatory activity in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Arasteh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Megjugorac NJ, Gallagher GE, Gallagher G. IL-4 enhances IFN-lambda1 (IL-29) production by plasmacytoid DCs via monocyte secretion of IL-1Ra. Blood 2010; 115:4185-90. [PMID: 20233967 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-246157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The type-III interferon (IFN) family is composed of 3 molecules in humans: IFN-lambda1 (interleukin-29 [IL-29]), IFN-lambda2 (IL-28A), and IFN-lambda3 (IL-28B), each of which signals through the same receptor complex. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major IFN-lambda producers among peripheral lymphocytes. Recently, it has been shown that IFN-lambda1 exerts a powerful inhibitory effect over the T-helper 2 (Th2) response by antagonizing the effect of IL-4 on CD4(+) T cells and inhibiting the production of Th2-associated cytokines. Here, we asked whether Th2 cytokines exert reciprocal control over IFN-lambda production. IL-4 treatment during stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes significantly elevated IFN-lambda1 transcription and secretion. However, pDCs were not directly responsive to IL-4. Using depletion and reconstitution experiments, we showed that IL-4-responsive monocytes are an intermediary cell, responding to IL-4 by elevating their secretion of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-Ra); this IL-1Ra acts on pDCs to elevate their IFN-lambda1 output. Thus, our experiments revealed a novel mechanism for regulation of both IFN-lambda1 production and pDC function, and suggests an expanded immunomodulatory role for Th2-associated cytokines.
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Rauch A, Kutalik Z, Descombes P, Cai T, Di Iulio J, Mueller T, Bochud M, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Borovicka J, Colombo S, Cerny A, Dufour JF, Furrer H, Günthard HF, Heim M, Hirschel B, Malinverni R, Moradpour D, Müllhaupt B, Witteck A, Beckmann JS, Berg T, Bergmann S, Negro F, Telenti A, Bochud PY. Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure: a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1338-45, 1345.e1-7. [PMID: 20060832 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces chronic infection in 50% to 80% of infected persons; approximately 50% of these do not respond to therapy. We performed a genome-wide association study to screen for host genetic determinants of HCV persistence and response to therapy. METHODS The analysis included 1362 individuals: 1015 with chronic hepatitis C and 347 who spontaneously cleared the virus (448 were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]). Responses to pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin were assessed in 465 individuals. Associations between more than 500,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and outcomes were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Chronic hepatitis C was associated with SNPs in the IL28B locus, which encodes the antiviral cytokine interferon lambda. The rs8099917 minor allele was associated with progression to chronic HCV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-3.06; P = 6.07 x 10(-9)). The association was observed in HCV mono-infected (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.64-3.79; P = 1.96 x 10(-5)) and HCV/HIV coinfected individuals (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.47-3.18; P = 8.24 x 10(-5)). rs8099917 was also associated with failure to respond to therapy (OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 2.90-9.30; P = 3.11 x 10(-8)), with the strongest effects in patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4. This risk allele was identified in 24% of individuals with spontaneous HCV clearance, 32% of chronically infected patients who responded to therapy, and 58% who did not respond (P = 3.2 x 10(-10)). Resequencing of IL28B identified distinct haplotypes that were associated with the clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The association of the IL28B locus with natural and treatment-associated control of HCV indicates the importance of innate immunity and interferon lambda in the pathogenesis of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Rauch
- University Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Guenterberg KD, Grignol VP, Raig ET, Zimmerer JM, Chan AN, Blaskovits FM, Young GS, Nuovo GJ, Mundy BL, Lesinski GB, Carson WE. Interleukin-29 binds to melanoma cells inducing Jak-STAT signal transduction and apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:510-20. [PMID: 20103601 PMCID: PMC2820597 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a member of the type III IFN family that has been shown to have antiviral activity and to inhibit cell growth. Melanoma cell lines were tested for expression of the IL-29 receptor (IL-29R) and their response to IL-29. Expression of IL-28R1 and IL-10R2, components of IL-29R, was evaluated using reverse transcription-PCR. A combination of immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry was used to evaluate IL-29-induced signal transduction. U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays and real-time PCR were used to evaluate gene expression. Apoptosis was measured using Annexin V/propridium iodide staining. In situ PCR for IL-29R was done on paraffin-embedded melanoma tumors. Both IL-28R1 and IL-10R2 were expressed on the A375, 1106 MEL, Hs294T, 18105 MEL, MEL 39, SK MEL 5, and F01 cell lines. Incubation of melanoma cell lines with IL-29 (10-1,000 ng/mL) led to phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT2. Microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed a marked increase in transcripts of IFN-regulated genes after treatment with IL-29. In the F01 cell line, bortezomib-induced and temozolomide-induced apoptosis was synergistically enhanced following the addition of IL-29. In situ PCR revealed that IL-10R2 and IL-28R1 were present in six of eight primary human melanoma tumors but not in benign nevi specimens. In conclusion, IL-29 receptors are expressed on the surface of human melanoma cell lines and patient samples, and treatment of these cell lines with IL-29 leads to signaling via the Jak-STAT pathway, the transcription of a unique set of genes, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristan D. Guenterberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Valerie P. Grignol
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Ene T. Raig
- Integrated Biomedical Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jason M. Zimmerer
- Integrated Biomedical Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Anthony N. Chan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Farriss M. Blaskovits
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gregory S. Young
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gerard J. Nuovo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Bethany L. Mundy
- Integrated Biomedical Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | - William E. Carson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH USA
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141
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Li Q, Kawamura K, Ma G, Iwata F, Numasaki M, Suzuki N, Shimada H, Tagawa M. Interferon-lambda induces G1 phase arrest or apoptosis in oesophageal carcinoma cells and produces anti-tumour effects in combination with anti-cancer agents. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:180-90. [PMID: 19879751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal pathways of novel type III interferons (IFN-lambdas) are similar to those of type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta) but their distinct functions have not been well characterised. We examined the growth suppressive activity of IFN-lambda1 with nine human oesophageal carcinoma cell lines expressing the IFN-lambda receptor complexes. Among them, three lines but not others showed IFN-lambda1-mediated growth suppression by inducing G1 phase arrest or apoptosis. The G1 phase arrest was accompanied by the up-regulation of p21 and dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb), and the apoptosis was evidenced by cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Similar but not identical susceptibility was found in IFN-alpha-treated oesophageal carcinoma cells. Despite the differential suppressive responses among the cells, all the cells increased the expression of the myxovirus resistance A (MxA) and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2',5'-OAS) genes and class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) with IFN-lambda1 treatment. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, positive for IFN-alpha receptor (IFNAR), lacked one of the IFN-lambda receptor complexes and Het-1A, immortalised oesophageal epithelium cells, were insensible to the IFN-lambda1-induced growth suppression. IFN-lambda1 produced combinatory anti-tumour effects with chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in IFN-lambda1-sensitive oesophageal carcinoma cells but not in normal or Het-1A cells, while IFN-alpha achieved the combinatory suppressive effects to normal cells. These data collectively show that IFN-lambda1 responsiveness is tissue-specific due to the restricted receptors expression and is diversified even among cells of the same lineage, and suggest that IFN-lambda1 is a potential therapeutic agent for oesophageal carcinoma without damaging surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhai Li
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
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142
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Despite IFN-lambda receptor expression, blood immune cells, but not keratinocytes or melanocytes, have an impaired response to type III interferons: implications for therapeutic applications of these cytokines. Genes Immun 2009; 10:702-14. [PMID: 19798076 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-lambda1, -2 and -3 (also designated as interleukin (IL)-29, IL-28alpha and IL-28beta) represent a new subfamily within the class II cytokine family. They show type I IFN-like antiviral and cytostatic activities in affected cells forming the basis for IFN-lambda1 therapy currently under development for hepatitis C infection. However, many aspects of IFN-lambdas are still unknown. This study aimed at identifying the target cells of IFN-lambdas within the immune system and the skin. Among skin cell populations, keratinocytes and melanocytes, but not fibroblasts, endothelial cells or subcutaneous adipocytes turned out to be targets. In contrast to these target cells, blood immune cell populations did not clearly respond to even high concentrations of these cytokines, despite an IFN-lambda receptor expression. Interestingly, immune cells expressed high levels of a short IFN-lambda receptor splice variant (sIFN-lambdaR1/sIL-28R1). Its characterization revealed a secreted, glycosylated protein that binds IFN-lambda1 with a moderate affinity (K(D) 73 nM) and was able to inhibit IFN-lambda1 effects. Our study suggests that IFN-lambda therapy should be suited for patients with verrucae, melanomas and non-melanoma skin cancers, apart from patients with viral hepatitis, and would not be accompanied by immune-mediated complications known from type I IFN application.
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143
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Li M, Liu X, Zhou Y, Su SB. Interferon-lambdas: the modulators of antivirus, antitumor, and immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:23-32. [PMID: 19304895 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1208761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-lambdas, including IFN-lambda1, IFN-lambda2, and IFN-lambda3, also known as IL-29, IL-28A, or IL-28B, are a newly described group of cytokines distantly related to the type I IFNs and IL-10 family members. The IFN-lambdaR complex consists of a unique ligand-binding chain, IFN-lambdaR1 (also designated IL-28Ralpha), and an accessory chain, IL-10R2, which is shared with receptors for IL-10-related cytokines. IFN-lambdas signal through the IFN-lambdaR and activate pathways of JAK-STATs and MAPKs to induce antiviral, antiproliferative, antitumor, and immune responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the biology of IFN-lambdas and their pathophysiological roles in viral infection, cancer, and immune responses of the innate and adaptive arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Li
- Institute of Inflammation and Immune Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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144
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Hou W, Wang X, Ye L, Zhou L, Yang ZQ, Riedel E, Ho WZ. Lambda interferon inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of macrophages. J Virol 2009; 83:3834-42. [PMID: 19193806 PMCID: PMC2663280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01773-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly identified type III interferon (IFN-lambda) has antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. We thus examined whether IFN-lambda has the ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of blood monocyte-derived macrophages that expressed IFN-lambda receptors. Both IFN-lambda1 and IFN-lambda2, when added to macrophage cultures, inhibited HIV-1 infection and replication. This IFN-lambda-mediated anti-HIV-1 activity is broad, as IFN-lambda could inhibit infection by both laboratory-adapted and clinical strains of HIV-1. Investigations of the mechanism(s) responsible for the IFN-lambda action showed that although IFN-lambda had little effect on HIV-1 entry coreceptor CCR5 expression, IFN-lambda induced the expression of CC chemokines, the ligands for CCR5. In addition, IFN-lambda upregulated intracellular expression of type I IFNs and APOBEC3G/3F, the newly identified anti-HIV-1 cellular factors. These data provide direct and compelling evidence that IFN-lambda, through both extracellular and intracellular antiviral mechanisms, inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages. These findings indicate that IFN-lambda may have therapeutic value in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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145
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Zhou L, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Hu S, Ye L, Hou W, Li H, Ho W. Activation of toll-like receptor-3 induces interferon-lambda expression in human neuronal cells. Neuroscience 2009; 159:629-37. [PMID: 19166911 PMCID: PMC2650740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the gene expression and regulation of type III human interferon (IFN), IFN-lambda, in human neuronal cells. Human neuronal cells expressed endogenous IFN-lambda1 but not IFN-lambda2/3. Upon the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 expressed in the neuronal cells by polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (PolyI:C), both IFN-lambda1 and IFN-lambda2/3 expression was significantly induced. The activation of TLR-3 also exhibited antiviral activity against pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection of the neuronal cells. Human neuronal cells also expressed functional IFN-lambda receptor complex, interleukin-28 receptor alpha subunit (IL-28Ralpha) and IL-10Rbeta, as evidenced by the observations that exogenous IFN-lambda treatment inhibited pseudotyped HIV-1 infection of the neuronal cells and induced the expression of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)3G/3F, the newly identified anti-HIV-1 cellular factors. These data provide direct and compelling evidence that there is intracellular expression and regulation of IFN-lambda in human neuronal cells, which may have an important role in the innate neuronal protection against viral infections in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical college of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - X. Wang
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - Y.J. Wang
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - Y. Zhou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - S.X. Hu
- Neuroimmunolgy laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - L. Ye
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - W. Hou
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
| | - H. Li
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical college of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - W.Z. Ho
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A
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146
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Li W, Lewis-Antes A, Huang J, Balan M, Kotenko SV. Regulation of apoptosis by type III interferons. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:960-979. [PMID: 19040572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two types of interferons (IFNs), type I (IFN-alpha/beta) and type III (IFN-lambdas), utilize distinct receptor complexes to induce similar signalling and biological activities, including recently demonstrated for IFN-lambdas antitumour activity. However, ability of type III IFNs to regulate cell population growth remains largely uncharacterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intact and modified human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cells were used to study regulation of apoptosis by IFN-lambdas. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We report that the IFN-lambdaR1 chain of the type III IFN receptor complex possesses an intrinsic ability to trigger apoptosis in cells. Signalling induced through the intracellular domain of IFN-lambdaR1 resulted in G(1)/G(0) phase cell cycle arrest, phosphatidylserine surfacing and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were activated; however, pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK did not prevent apoptosis. In addition, the extent of apoptosis correlated with the level of receptor expression and was associated with prolonged IFN-lambda signalling. We also demonstrated that the ability to trigger apoptosis is a unique intrinsic function of all IFN receptors. However, more robust apoptosis was induced by signalling through type III IFN receptor than through type I or type II (IFN-gamma) receptors, suggesting higher cytotoxic potential of type III IFNs. In addition, we observed that IFN-gamma treatment sensitized HT29 cells to IFN-lambda-mediated apoptosis. These results provide evidence that type III IFNs, alone or in combination with other stimuli, have the potential to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School-University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - A Lewis-Antes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School-University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - J Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School-University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - M Balan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School-University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - S V Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School-University Hospital Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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147
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Novak AJ, Grote DM, Ziesmer SC, Rajkumar V, Doyle SE, Ansell SM. A role for IFN-lambda1 in multiple myeloma B cell growth. Leukemia 2008; 22:2240-6. [PMID: 18830264 PMCID: PMC2771776 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a progressive disease that results from dysregulated proliferation of plasma cells. Although, causative factors such as genetic events and altered expression of anti-apoptotic factors have been described in a number of patients, the mechanistic details that drive myeloma development and continued growth of malignant cells remain largely undefined. Numerous growth factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, Insulin-like growth factor-1 and IL-10 have been shown to promote growth of MM cells suggesting a significant role for cytokines in this disease. Interferon (IFN)-lambda1 is a new member of the Class II cytokine family that, similar to IFN-alpha, has been shown to mediate viral immunity. In light of data supporting a role for cytokines in myeloma, we investigated the significance of IFN-lambda1 on myeloma cell biology. Our studies show for the first time that myeloma cells bind to soluble IFN-lambda1, and that IFN-lambda1 induces myeloma cell growth and protects against dexamethasone-induced cell death. Our data also show that IFN-lambda1 induces phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3 and Erk. Taken together, our results suggest that IFN-lambda1 may regulate myeloma cell biology and could prove to be therapeutically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- AJ Novak
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - DM Grote
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - SC Ziesmer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - SE Doyle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, ZymoGenetics Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - SM Ansell
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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148
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Mordstein M, Kochs G, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Paludan SR, Klucher K, Staeheli P. Interferon-lambda contributes to innate immunity of mice against influenza A virus but not against hepatotropic viruses. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000151. [PMID: 18787692 PMCID: PMC2522277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-infected cells secrete a broad range of interferon (IFN) subtypes which in turn trigger the synthesis of antiviral factors that confer host resistance. IFN-α, IFN-β and other type I IFNs signal through a common universally expressed cell surface receptor, whereas IFN-λ uses a distinct receptor complex for signaling that is not present on all cell types. Since type I IFN receptor-deficient mice (IFNAR10/0) exhibit greatly increased susceptibility to various viral diseases, it remained unclear to which degree IFN-λ might contribute to innate immunity. To address this issue we performed influenza A virus infections of mice which carry functional alleles of the influenza virus resistance gene Mx1 and which, therefore, develop a more complete innate immune response to influenza viruses than standard laboratory mice. We demonstrate that intranasal administration of IFN-λ readily induced the antiviral factor Mx1 in mouse lungs and efficiently protected IFNAR10/0 mice from lethal influenza virus infection. By contrast, intraperitoneal application of IFN-λ failed to induce Mx1 in the liver of IFNAR10/0 mice and did not protect against hepatotropic virus infections. Mice lacking functional IFN-λ receptors were only slightly more susceptible to influenza virus than wild-type mice. However, mice lacking functional receptors for both IFN-α/β and IFN-λ were hypersensitive and even failed to restrict usually non-pathogenic influenza virus mutants lacking the IFN-antagonistic factor NS1. Interestingly, the double-knockout mice were not more susceptible against hepatotropic viruses than IFNAR10/0 mice. From these results we conclude that IFN-λ contributes to inborn resistance against viral pathogens infecting the lung but not the liver. The contribution of IFN-λ to innate immunity against virus-induced diseases has remained unclear to date as appropriate mouse models were not available. We now present evidence that IFN-λ is involved in the antiviral defense. Mice lacking functional IFN-λ receptors were only slightly more susceptible to influenza virus than wild-type mice, but intranasal administration of IFN-λ efficiently protected IFN-α/β receptor-deficient mice from lethal influenza virus infection and induced the antiviral factor Mx1 in lungs. Mice lacking functional receptors for both IFN-α/β and IFN-λ were hypersensitive and failed to restrict even usually non-pathogenic influenza virus mutants lacking the IFN-antagonistic factor NS1. By contrast, intraperitoneal application of IFN-λ failed to induce Mx1 in the liver of mice and did not protect against hepatotropic viruses. Furthermore, double-knockout mice were not more susceptible against hepatotropic viruses than IFN-α/β receptor-deficient mice, indicating that IFN-λ contributes to resistance against viral pathogens infecting the lung but not the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mordstein
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Søren R. Paludan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin Klucher
- ZymoGenetics, Inc., Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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149
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Maher SG, Sheikh F, Scarzello AJ, Romero-Weaver AL, Baker DP, Donnelly RP, Gamero AM. IFNalpha and IFNlambda differ in their antiproliferative effects and duration of JAK/STAT signaling activity. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1109-15. [PMID: 18698163 PMCID: PMC2435218 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.7.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)lambda, also known as IL-28A, IL-28B or IL-29, is a new type III IFN, which like type I IFN(alpha/beta), activates common elements of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and exhibits antiproliferative activity. Currently, IFNalpha is used in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, but its antitumor effects are limited and associated with high toxicity. In this study, we determined whether IFNlambda induced the same level of cell growth inhibition relative to IFNalpha. To this effect HaCaT cells, which are typically growth inhibited by IFNalpha, underwent apoptosis in response to IFNlambda. Next, in contrast to IFNalpha stimulation, IFNlambda prolonged the duration of activated STAT1 and STAT2. Furthermore, the kinetics of IFN-stimulated genes was different as IFNlambda induced a delayed but stronger induction of IFN-responsive genes. Components of the JAK/STAT pathway remained essential for the antiproliferative effects of IFNalpha and IFNlambda. IFNlambda-induced persistence of STAT activation required de novo protein synthesis and was in part due to a delay in STAT2 inactivation. Thus our data demonstrate that the duration of IFNlambda signaling is different from that of IFNalpha, and that IFNlambda could be a suitable cytokine to evaluate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Maher
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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150
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Wolk K, Witte K, Witte E, Proesch S, Schulze-Tanzil G, Nasilowska K, Thilo J, Asadullah K, Sterry W, Volk HD, Sabat R. Maturing dendritic cells are an important source of IL-29 and IL-20 that may cooperatively increase the innate immunity of keratinocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 83:1181-93. [PMID: 18281438 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0807525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29 are new members of the IL-10 interferon family. Monocytes are well-known sources of IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24. We demonstrated here that monocytes also expressed IL-29, and monocyte differentiation into macrophages (Mphi) or dendritic cells (DCs) strongly changed their production capacity of these cytokines. Maturation of DCs with bacterial stimuli induced high expression of IL-28/IL-29 and IL-20. Simulated T cell interaction and inflammatory cytokines induced IL-29 and IL-20 in maturing DCs, respectively. Compared with monocytes, DCs expressed only minimal IL-19 levels and no IL-24. The differentiation of monocytes into Mphi reduced their IL-19 and terminated their IL-20, IL-24, and IL-29 production capacity. Like monocytes, neither Mphi nor DCs expressed IL-22 or IL-26. The importance of maturing DCs as a source of IL-28/IL-29 was supported by the much higher mRNA levels of these mediators in maturing DCs compared with those in CMV-infected fibroblasts, and the presence of IL-28 in lymph nodes but not in liver of lipopolysaccharide-injected mice. IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26 do not seem to affect Mphi or DCs as deduced from the lack of corresponding receptor chains. The significance of IL-20 and IL-28/IL-29 coexpression in maturing DCs may lie in the broadly amplified innate immunity in neighboring tissue cells like keratinocytes. In fact, IL-20 induced the expression of antimicrobial proteins, whereas IL-28/IL-29 enhanced the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the response to TLR ligands. However, the strongest response to TLR2 and TLR3 activation showed keratinocytes in the simultaneous presence of IL-20 and IL-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wolk
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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