101
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Li D, Zhou W, Cao M. Periostin-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic rats promote alveolar bone regeneration. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:493-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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102
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Hong S, Hu S, Kang Z, Liu Z, Yang W, Zhang Y, Yang D, Ruan W, Yu G, Sun L, Chen L. Identification of functional lncRNAs based on competing endogenous RNA network in osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2232-2244. [PMID: 31486078 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adult human mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into osteoblast, which plays crucial roles in bone regeneration and repair. Some transcriptional factors (TFs), such as BMP-2 and RUNX2, have been demonstrated to control the differentiation processes. It is important to discover more key regulators in osteoblast differentiation. Recently, some studies found long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participating in osteoblast differentiation, such as MALAT1, DANCR, and ANCR. In this study, we performed a network-based computational analysis to investigate the lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) crosstalks via integrating microRNA (miRNA)-RNA interactions, gene coexpression, and protein-protein interactions. First, multiple topology analyses were performed to osteoblast-differentiation-related lncRNA-mRNA network (ODLMN). Several lncRNAs with central topology structures were identified as key regulators. Results showed that these lncRNAs participated in osteoblast differentiation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ras signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs exert functions by involving in close modules. Second, after performing module searching in ODLMN, two functional modules were identified, which played crucial roles through involving in PI3K/protein kinase B, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathways. Third, a subset of core lncRNA-TF crosstalks that might form feedback loops to control the biological processes in osteoblast differentiation was identified. These core lncRNA-TF feedback loops showed more TF binding affinity than other lncRNAs. All these results can help us to uncover the molecular mechanism and provide new targets for bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hong
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Supei Hu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Weibin Yang
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Wenhui Ruan
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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103
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Buettmann EG, McKenzie JA, Migotsky N, Sykes DA, Hu P, Yoneda S, Silva MJ. VEGFA From Early Osteoblast Lineage Cells (Osterix+) Is Required in Mice for Fracture Healing. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1690-1706. [PMID: 31081125 PMCID: PMC6744295 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation via intramembranous and endochondral ossification is necessary for successful healing after a wide range of bone injuries. The pleiotropic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been shown, via nonspecific pharmacologic inhibition, to be indispensable for angiogenesis and ossification following bone fracture and cortical defect repair. However, the importance of VEGFA expression by different cell types during bone healing is not well understood. We sought to determine the role of VEGFA from different osteoblast cell subsets following clinically relevant models of bone fracture and cortical defect. Ubiquitin C (UBC), Osterix (Osx), or Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) Cre-ERT2 mice (male and female) containing floxed VEGFA alleles (VEGFAfl/fl ) were either given a femur full fracture, ulna stress fracture, or tibia cortical defect at 12 weeks of age. All mice received tamoxifen continuously starting 2 weeks before bone injury and throughout healing. UBC Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (UBC cKO) mice, which were used to mimic nonspecific inhibition, had minimal bone formation and impaired angiogenesis across all bone injury models. UBC cKO mice also exhibited impaired periosteal cell proliferation during full fracture, but not stress fracture repair. Osx Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (Osx cKO) mice, but not Dmp1 Cre-ERT2 VEGFAfl/fl (Dmp1 cKO) mice, showed impaired periosteal bone formation and angiogenesis in models of full fracture and stress fracture. Neither Osx cKO nor Dmp1 cKO mice demonstrated significant impairments in intramedullary bone formation and angiogenesis following cortical defect. These data suggest that VEGFA from early osteolineage cells (Osx+), but not mature osteoblasts/osteocytes (Dmp1+), is critical at the time of bone injury for rapid periosteal angiogenesis and woven bone formation during fracture repair. Whereas VEGFA from another cell source, not from the osteoblast cell lineage, is necessary at the time of injury for maximum cortical defect intramedullary angiogenesis and osteogenesis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A McKenzie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole Migotsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Aw Sykes
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susumu Yoneda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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104
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Tunneling nanotubes mediate intercellular communication between endothelial progenitor cells and osteoclast precursors. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:483-491. [PMID: 31463584 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotube (TNT)-mediated cell communication play pivotal roles in a series of physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organism. This study was designed to investigate the existence of TNTs between EPCs and osteoclast precursors and evaluate their effects on the differentiation of osteoclast precursors. For these purposes, EPCs and osteoclast precursors (RAW264.7 cells) were stained with different fluorescent dyes before direct co-culture; then, the co-cultured cells were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), and the differentiation of co-cultured RAW264.7 cells was evaluated. The results showed that the differentiation potential of RAW264.7 cells was significantly inhibited after their co-culture with EPCs. Additionally, the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was up-regulated in RAW264.7 cells after co-culture. Moreover, the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 could rescue the formation of TRAP-positive multinuclear osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated genes in the co-cultured RAW264.7 cells. The present study demonstrates that EPCs can affect the differentiation of osteoclast precursors through the TNT-like structures formed across these two types of cells and might inform new therapeutic strategies for osteolytic diseases.
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105
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Liang SX, Wang HL, Zhang PP, Shen J, Yang K, Meng L, Liu H, Yan YB. Differential regulation of blood vessel formation between traumatic temporomandibular joint fibrous ankylosis and bony ankylosis in a sheep model. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:1739-1751. [PMID: 31439411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical and experimental studies show that the etiology of traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) fibrous ankylosis and bony ankylosis are associated with the severity of trauma. However, how the injury severity affects the tissue differentiation is not clear. We tested the hypothesis that angiogenesis affects the outcomes of TMJ trauma, and that enhanced neovascularization after severe TMJ trauma would promote the development of bony ankylosis. METHODS Bilateral condylar sagittal fracture and discectomy were performed for each sheep, with the glenoid fossa receiving either severe trauma to induce bony ankylosis or minor trauma to induce fibrous ankylosis. At days 7, 14, 28, and 56 after surgery, total RNA was extracted from the ankylosed callus. Temporal gene expressions of several molecules functionally important for blood vessel formation were studied by real-time PCR. RESULTS Histological examination revealed a prolonged hematoma phase and a lack of cartilage formation in fibrous ankylosis. mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGFR2, SDF1, Ang1, Tie2, vWF, CYR61, FGF2, TIMP1, MMP2, and MMP9 were distinctly lower in fibrous ankylosis compared with bony ankylosis at several time points. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that inhibition of angiogenesis after TMJ trauma might be a promising strategy for preventing bony ankylosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xia Liang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Hua-Lun Wang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
| | - Ying-Bin Yan
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
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106
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Lin C, Yu S, Jin R, Xiao Y, Pan M, Pei F, Zhu X, Huang H, Zhang Z, Chen S, Liu H, Chen Z. Circulating miR-338 Cluster activities on osteoblast differentiation: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3780-3797. [PMID: 31281513 PMCID: PMC6587346 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most abundant RNA species found in serum, and recently, several miRNAs have been found to be associated with osteoporosis. However, the development of such associated miRNAs into diagnostic and therapeutic targets remains unaddressed, mostly because of a lack of functional validation. Here, we identified circulating miR-338 associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis, and performed functional validation in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We collected the serum from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients (N=15) and female volunteers of the same age but with normal bone density (N=15) and examined the enrichment of miR-338 cluster. We also confirmed such enrichment using mice subjected to ovariectomy at different stages. We employed primary bone marrow stromal cells from mice and the MC-3T3 cell line along with CRISPR, RNA-seq and ChIP-qPCR to validate the biological function of secreted miR-338 cluster on osteoblastic differentiation and their upstream regulators. Moreover, we generated miR-338 knockout mice and OVX mice injected with an inhibitor against miR-338 cluster to confirm its biological function in vivo. Results: We observed a significant enrichment of miR-338 cluster in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Such enrichment was also prominent in serum from mice subjected to ovariectomy and was detected much earlier than bone density decreases revealed by micro-CT. We also confirmed the presence of an estrogen-dependent Runx2/Sox4/miR-338 positive feedback loop that modulated osteoblast differentiation, providing a possible explanation for our clinical findings. Moreover, deletion of the miR-338 cluster or direct intravenous injection of an miR-338 cluster inhibitor significantly prevented osteoporosis after ovariectomy. Conclusion: Circulating miR-338 cluster in the serum could serve as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.
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107
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Delayed Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets After Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition by Bevacizumab. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:1975-1981. [PMID: 31075252 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent bevacizumab on the extraction socket healing process in New Zealand rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals received intraperitoneal bevacizumab treatment for 6 consecutive weeks (3 mg/kg per week). The right mandibular first premolar was extracted in the second week of the experiment, and the jaw bone containing the socket tissues was harvested at the end of the treatment period. The healing of the removed socket was analyzed histologically and radiographically using a micro-computed tomography scan. RESULTS Quantitative morphometric and histologic assessments of the healing process of the extraction sockets in rabbits showed a marked (P ≤ .05) decrease in the bone volumetric mass after angiogenesis suppression by bevacizumab therapy (n = 5) compared with the control group (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate the physiological significance of angiogenesis in extraction socket healing. Moreover, this study highlights the risks and precautions that should be considered in clinical practice in patients undergoing targeted chemotherapy.
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108
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Moghaddam T, Neshati Z. Role of microRNAs in osteogenesis of stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14136-14155. [PMID: 31069839 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is a controlled developmental process in which external and internal factors including cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles. Various stimulatory and inhibitory TFs contribute to osteogenic differentiation and are responsible for bone development. In addition, cross-talk between several complex signaling pathways regulates the osteogenic differentiation of some stem cells. Although much is known about regulatory genes and signaling pathways in osteogenesis, the role of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation still needs to be explored. miRNAs are small, approximately 22 nucleotides, single-stranded nonprotein coding RNAs which are abundant in many mammalian cell types. They paly significant regulated roles in various biological processes and serve as promising biomarkers for disease states. Recently, emerging evidence have shown that miRNAs are the key regulators of osteogenesis of stem cells. They may endogenously regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through direct targeting of positive or negative directors of osteogenesis and depending on the target result in the promotion or inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. This review aims to provide a general overview of miRNAs participating in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and explain their regulatory effect based on the genes targeted with these miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Neshati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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109
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Mou P, Peng H, Zhou L, Li L, Li H, Huang Q. A novel composite scaffold of Cu-doped nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/multi-(amino acid) copolymer for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3331-3343. [PMID: 31123401 PMCID: PMC6511241 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s195316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and methods: A Cu-doped composite scaffold of nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (n-CDHA)/multi(amino acid) copolymer (MAC) was prepared. The structure, porosity, morphology and compressive strength of the scaffolds were characterized, the in vitro degradability in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) and cell responses to the scaffolds were investigated, and in vivo stimulation of bone formation were analyzed. Results: The scaffolds showed the compressive strength of approximately 12 MPa and total porosity of about 81%. Weight loss of the composite scaffolds was 63% after 16-week immersion in PBS. Cu release in scaffolds showed a marked dependence on the initial amount in the scaffolds over time. Cu-doped n-CDHA/MAC scaffolds with the content of Cu 0.5% and 1% in mass ratio showed better cell responses to proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) than that with no Cu. After 12-week implantation in rabbits, 1% Cu-doped n-CDHA/MAC showed better ability of angiogenesis and osteogenesis compared to 0% Cu-doped n-CDHA/MAC. Conclusion: The 1% Cu-doped n-CDHA/MAC composite scaffold showed good capacity of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the Cu showed positive effects on cell growth and osteogenesis. And it has potential to be used as bone regeneration scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
| | - Haitao Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University
| | - Li Zhou
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University
| | - Hong Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University
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110
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Deng Z, Lin B, Jiang Z, Huang W, Li J, Zeng X, Wang H, Wang D, Zhang Y. Hypoxia-Mimicking Cobalt-Doped Borosilicate Bioactive Glass Scaffolds with Enhanced Angiogenic and Osteogenic Capacity for Bone Regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1113-1124. [PMID: 31223273 PMCID: PMC6567802 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic capacity of synthetic bone substitutes is will be highly stimulated by a well-established functional vascularized network. Cobalt (Co) ions are known that can generate a hypoxia-like response and stimulates the production of kinds of angiogenic factors. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of cobalt-doped bioactive borosilicate (36B2O3, 22CaO, 18SiO2, 8MgO, 8K2O, 6Na2O, 2P2O5; mol%) glass scaffolds for bone tissues repairing and blood vessel formation in the critical-sized cranial defect site of rats and their effects on the hBMSCs in vitro were researched. The scaffolds can control release Co2+ ions and convert into hydroxyapatite soaking in simulative body fluids (SBF). The fabircated scaffolds without cytotoxic strongly improves HIF-1α generation, VEGF protein secretion, ALP activity and upregulates the expression of osteoblast and angiogenic relative genes in hBMSCs. Eight weeks after implantation, the bioactive glass scaffolds with 3wt % CoO remarkablely enhance bone regeneration and blood vascularized network at the defective site. In conclusion, as a graft material for bone defects, low-oxygen simulated cobalt-doped bioactive glass scaffold is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, South Campus of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences, 279 zhouzhu road, Shanghai 220120, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Bocai Lin
- Laboratory for Advance Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiusheng Li
- Laboratory for Advance Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqiong Zeng
- Laboratory for Advance Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory for Advance Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, South Campus of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences, 279 zhouzhu road, Shanghai 220120, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Affiliated of Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201400, People's Republic of China
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111
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Pfeiffenberger M, Bartsch J, Hoff P, Ponomarev I, Barnewitz D, Thöne-Reineke C, Buttgereit F, Gaber T, Lang A. Hypoxia and mesenchymal stromal cells as key drivers of initial fracture healing in an equine in vitro fracture hematoma model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214276. [PMID: 30947253 PMCID: PMC6449067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractures in horses–whether simple fractures with just one clean break, or incomplete greenstick with stress fractures, or complications such as shattered bones can all be either minimal or even catastrophic. Thus, improvement in fracture healing is a hallmark in equine orthopedics. The fracture healing process implements a complex sequence of events including the initial inflammatory phase removing damaged tissue, re-establishment of vessels and mesenchymal stromal cells, a soft and hard callus phase closing the fracture gap as well as the remodeling phase shaping the bone to a scar-free tissue. Detailed knowledge on processes in equine fracture healing in general and on the initial phase in particular is apparently very limited. Therefore, we generated equine in vitro fracture hematoma models (FH models) to study time-dependent changes in cell composition and RNA-expression for the most prominent cells in the FH model (immune cells, mesenchymal stromal cells) under conditions most closely adapted to the in vivo situation (hypoxia) by using flow cytometry and qPCR. In order to analyze the impact of mesenchymal stromal cells in greater detail, we also incubated blood clots without the addition of mesenchymal stromal cells under the same conditions as a control. We observed a superior survival capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells over immune cells within our FH model maintained under hypoxia. Furthermore, we demonstrate an upregulation of relevant angiogenic, osteogenic and hypoxia-induced markers within 48 h, a time well-known to be crucial for proper fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janika Bartsch
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Ponomarev
- Research Center of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Dirk Barnewitz
- Research Center of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
| | - Christa Thöne-Reineke
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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112
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Orth M, Shenar AK, Scheuer C, Braun BJ, Herath SC, Holstein JH, Histing T, Yu X, Murphy WL, Pohlemann T, Laschke MW, Menger MD. VEGF-loaded mineral-coated microparticles improve bone repair and are associated with increased expression of epo and RUNX-2 in murine non-unions. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:821-831. [PMID: 30835895 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A poor vascular supply of the fracture gap is a key factor for the development of atrophic non-unions. Mineral-coated microparticles (MCM) represent a sophisticated carrier system for the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hence, we investigated whether VEGF-loaded MCM improve bone repair in non-unions. For this purpose, we analyzed binding and release kinetics of MCM for VEGF in vitro. Moreover, we applied VEGF-loaded or -unloaded MCM in a murine non-union model in vivo and studied the process of bone healing by means of biomechanical, radiological, histomorphometric, and Western blot techniques. MCM-free non-unions served as controls. The binding efficiency of MCM for VEGF was 46 ± 3% and the release profile revealed an initial minor burst release followed by a sustained release over a 50-day study period, thus, mimicking the physiological expression profile of VEGF during bone healing. In vivo, bone defects treated with VEGF-loaded MCM exhibited a higher bending stiffness, a higher fraction of bone volume/tissue volume and a larger callus area on days 14 and 70 when compared to the other groups. Western blot analyses on day 14 revealed a higher expression of VEGF, erythropoietin (EPO), and runt-related transcription factor 2, but not of EPO-receptor in bone defects treated with VEGF-loaded MCM. These findings demonstrate that the use of MCM for VEGF delivery shows great potential due to the ability to maintain protein stability and functionality in vivo. Moreover, the application of VEGF-loaded MCM represent a promising strategy for the treatment of non-unions. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Orth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Amira K Shenar
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt J Braun
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Steven C Herath
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg H Holstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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113
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Veeriah V, Paone R, Chatterjee S, Teti A, Capulli M. Osteoblasts Regulate Angiogenesis in Response to Mechanical Unloading. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:344-354. [PMID: 30465120 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During mechanical unloading, endothelial cells reduce osteogenesis and increase bone resorption. Here we describe the feedback response of endothelial cells to unloaded osteoblasts. Primary endothelial cells, ex vivo mouse aortic rings and chicken egg yolk membranes were incubated with conditioned medium from mouse primary osteoblasts (OB-CM) subjected to unit gravity or simulated microgravity, to assess its effect on angiogenesis. In vivo injection of botulin toxin A (Botox) in the quadriceps and calf muscles of C57BL/6J mice was performed to mimic disuse osteoporosis. Unloaded osteoblasts showed strong upregulation of the pro-angiogenic factor, VEGF, and their conditioned medium increased in vitro endothelial cell viability, Cyclin D1 expression, migration and tube formation, ex vivo endothelial cell sprouting from aortic rings, and in ovo angiogenesis. Treatment with the VEGF blocker, avastin, prevented unloaded OB-CM-mediated in vitro and ex vivo enhancement of angiogenesis. Bone mechanical unloading by Botox treatment, known to reduce bone mass, prompted the overexpression of VEGF in osteoblasts. The cross talk between osteoblasts and endothelial cells plays a pathophysiologic role in the response of the endothelium to unloading during disuse osteoporosis. In this context, VEGF represents a prominent osteoblast factor stimulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Veeriah
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'aquila, Italy
| | - Riccardo Paone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'aquila, Italy
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Anna University K.B.Chandrashekar Research Centre, Chennai, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'aquila, Italy.
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'aquila, Italy
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114
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Weng Z, Wang C, Zhang C, Xu J, Chai Y, Jia Y, Han P, Wen G. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Consolidation in a Rat Distraction Osteogenesis Model. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:320-330. [PMID: 30635673 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is used to treat specific disorders associated with growth abnormalities and/or loss of bone stock secondary to trauma or disease. However, a high rate of complications and discomfort hamper its further application in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and bone consolidation in a rat DO model. Different doses of ATRA were used to treat rBMSCs. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation were assessed using CCK-8 and alkaline phosphatase staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation-genes (including ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN, OSX, and BMP2) and angiogenic genes (including VEGF, HIF-1, FLK-2, ANG-2, and ANG-4) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Further, we locally injected ATRA or PBS into the gap in the rat DO model every 3 days until termination. X-rays, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), mechanical testing, and immunohistochemistry stains were used to evaluate the quality of the regenerates. ATRA promoted osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Moreover, ATRA elevated the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-genes and angiogenic genes. In the rat model, new bone properties of bone volume/total tissue volume and mechanical strength were significantly higher in the ATRA-treatment group. Micro-CT examination showed more mineralized bone after the ATRA-treatment, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated more new bone formation after ATRA-treatment than that in the PBS group. In conclusion, as a readily available and very cost effective bio-source, ATRA may be a novel therapeutic method to enhance bone consolidation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yachao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Pei Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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115
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Osteogenic and angiogenic characterization of mandible and femur osteoblasts. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:105-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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116
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Pierce JL, Begun DL, Westendorf JJ, McGee-Lawrence ME. Defining osteoblast and adipocyte lineages in the bone marrow. Bone 2019; 118:2-7. [PMID: 29782940 PMCID: PMC6240509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a complex endocrine organ that facilitates structural support, protection to vital organs, sites for hematopoiesis, and calcium homeostasis. The bone marrow microenvironment is a heterogeneous niche consisting of multipotent musculoskeletal and hematopoietic progenitors and their derivative terminal cell types. Amongst these progenitors, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) may differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic lineages to support musculoskeletal development as well as tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair during adulthood. With age, the commitment of BMSCs to osteogenesis slows, bone formation decreases, fracture risk rises, and marrow adiposity increases. An unresolved question is whether osteogenesis and adipogenesis are co-regulated in the bone marrow. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis are controlled by specific signaling mechanisms, circulating cytokines, and transcription factors such as Runx2 and Pparγ, respectively. One hypothesis is that adipogenesis is the default pathway if osteogenic stimuli are absent. However, recent work revealed that Runx2 and Osx1-expressing preosteoblasts form lipid droplets under pathological and aging conditions. Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) and other epigenetic regulators suppress lipid storage in preosteoblasts and/or control marrow adiposity. Establishing a better understanding of fat storage in bone marrow cells, as well as the osteoblast-adipocyte relationship within the bone marrow niche is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying disease- and aging-related marrow fat storage and may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets for "fatty bone" and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pierce
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - D L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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117
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Mengel E, Tillmann V, Remmel L, Kool P, Purge P, Lätt E, Jürimäe J. The associations between the changes in serum inflammatory markers and bone mineral accrual in boys with overweight and obesity during pubertal maturation: a 3-year longitudinal study in Estonian boys. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2069-2078. [PMID: 29858631 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adipose tissue produces different inflammatory cytokines which compromise bone mineral accrual during puberty. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are significantly related to bone mineral accrual during pubertal maturation in boys with different BMI values. INTRODUCTION This longitudinal study aims to identify the inflammatory markers that most strongly associate with pubertal bone mineral density (BMD) increment in boys with overweight and obesity (OWB). METHODS Twenty-six OWB and 29 normal-weight boys were followed yearly for 3 years to measure changes in 12 serum inflammatory markers, BMD (by DXA), and apparent volumetric BMD. The OWB group was further divided into two subgroups according to their BMI gain during the 3-year period. Data through time points presented as slopes were used to calculate correlation coefficients to explore the possible relationships between variables of interest. In the whole study group, linear mixed effects (LME) models were also used. RESULTS Increment in serum VEGF concentration was inversely associated with an increase in total body (TB) BMD (r = - 0.82, P = 0.02) and TB bone mineral content (BMC)/height (r = - 0.82, P = 0.02) in those OWB whose BMI gain was higher during pubertal years. In the whole study group, the LME model confirmed the inverse association between VEGF and TB BMC/height (P < 0.05). EGF was inversely associated with LS BMD and LS BMAD (P < 0.05), whereas there was a positive association between IL-8 and TB BMAD and between IFN-γ and LS BMD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower increment in BMD in OWB with higher BMI gain is associated with increasing serum VEGF concentration during pubertal maturation. VEGF, EGF, IL-8, and IFN-γ are significantly associated with BMD during pubertal maturation in boys with different BMI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mengel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - V Tillmann
- Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Remmel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Kool
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Lätt
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Jakobi 5, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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119
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Baxter-Holland M, Dass CR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a key mediator in bone homeostasis and potential for bone regenerative therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1127-1138. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional endogenous glycoprotein, has a very wide range of biological actions, notably in bone homeostasis. The question has been raised regarding the place of PEDF in the treatment of bone disorders and osteosarcoma, and its potential for tumour growth suppression.
Methods
The PubMed database was used to compile this review.
Key findings
Pigment epithelium-derived factor's actions in osteoid tissues include promoting mesenchymal stem cell commitment to osteoblasts, increasing matrix mineralisation, and promoting osteoblast proliferation. It shows potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in treatment of multiple cancer types and regrowth of bone after trauma or resection in animal studies. PEDF may possibly have a reduced adverse effect profile compared with current osteo-regenerative treatments; however, there is currently very limited evidence regarding the safety or efficacy in human models.
Summary
Pigment epithelium-derived factor is very active within the body, particularly in osseous tissue, and its physiological actions give it potential for treatment of both bone disorders and multiple tumour types. Further research is needed to ascertain the adverse effects and safety profile of PEDF as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Baxter-Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA, Australia
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120
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Watson EC, Adams RH. Biology of Bone: The Vasculature of the Skeletal System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031559. [PMID: 28893838 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for the distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells, as well as the removal of waste products. In addition to this conventional role as a versatile conduit system, the endothelial cells forming the innermost layer of the vessel wall also possess important signaling capabilities and can control growth, patterning, homeostasis, and regeneration of the surrounding organ. In the skeletal system, blood vessels regulate developmental and regenerative bone formation as well as hematopoiesis by providing vascular niches for hematopoietic stem cells. Here we provide an overview of blood vessel architecture, growth and properties in the healthy, aging, and diseased skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Watson
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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121
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Li L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Ji D, Jin Z, Duan X. ATP6V1H regulates the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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122
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Czekanska EM, Geng J, Glinka M, White K, Kanczler J, Evans ND, Oreffo ROC, Bradley M. Combinatorial delivery of bioactive molecules by a nanoparticle-decorated and functionalized biodegradable scaffold. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4437-4445. [PMID: 32254661 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of supportive biomaterials and bioactive factors to stimulate endogenous progenitor cells is of key interest for the treatment of conditions in which intrinsic bone healing capacities are compromised. To address this need a "scaffold-decoration platform" was developed in which a biocompatible, biotin-functionalised 3D structural polymer network was generated through a solvent blending process, and used to recruit avidin modified nanoparticles within its 3D structure through biotin-avidin conjugation. This was enabled via the generation of a suite of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, encapsulating two bioactive factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) and conjugated to streptavidin to allow attachment to the bone generating scaffold. The levels of encapsulated and released VEGF and AA2P were tailored to fall within the desired range to promote biological activity as confirmed by an increase in endothelial cell tubule formation and collagen production by osteoblast cells in response to nanoparticle release of VEGF and AA2P, respectively. The release of VEGF from the scaffolds produced a significant effect on vasculature development within the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenic assay. Similarly, the scaffolds showed strong biological effects in ex vivo assays indicating the potential of this platform for localised delivery of bioactive molecules with applications in both hard and soft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Czekanska
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Chen GZ, Ke Y, Qin K, Dong MQ, Zeng SJ, Lin XF, Zhan SQ, Tang K, Peng C, Ding XW, Zhou D. Analysis of the Expression of Angioarchitecture-related Factors in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2465-2472. [PMID: 29052569 PMCID: PMC5684641 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.216413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to determine protein and mRNA expression levels. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS expression levels increased in patients with cAVM compared with those in normal cerebral vascular tissue, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS were higher in the cAVM group than in the control group, all the differences mentioned were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS are upregulated in patients with cAVM and might play important roles in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and migration in patients with cAVM. MMP-9, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and eNOS might be potential excellent group proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage at arteriovenous malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Meng-Qi Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shao-Jian Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Zhao G, Huang BL, Rigueur D, Wang W, Bhoot C, Charles KR, Baek J, Mohan S, Jiang J, Lyons KM. CYR61/CCN1 Regulates Sclerostin Levels and Bone Maintenance. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1076-1089. [PMID: 29351359 PMCID: PMC6002906 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CYR61/CCN1 is a matricellular protein that resides in the extracellular matrix, but serves regulatory rather than structural roles. CYR61/CCN1 is found in mineralized tissues and has been shown to influence bone healing in vivo and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In this study we generated Cyr61 bone-specific knockout mice to examine the physiological role of CYR61/CCN1 in bone development and maintenance in vivo. Extensive analysis of Cyr61 conditional knockout mice showed a significant decrease in both trabecular and cortical bone mass as compared to WT littermates. Our data suggest that CYR61/CCN1 exerts its effects on mature osteoblast/osteocyte function to modulate bone mass. Specifically, changes were observed in osteocyte/osteoblast expression of RankL, VegfA, and Sost. The increase in RankL expression was correlated with a significant increase in osteoclast number; decreased VegfA expression was correlated with a significant decrease in bone vasculature; increased Sost expression was associated with decreased Wnt signaling, as revealed by decreased Axin2 expression and increased adiposity in the bone marrow. Although the decreased number of vascular elements in bone likely contributes to the low bone mass phenotype in Cyr61 conditional knockout mice, this cannot explain the observed increase in osteoclasts and the decrease in Wnt signaling. We conducted in vitro assays using UMR-106 osteosarcoma cells to explore the role CYR61/CCN1 plays in modulating Sost mRNA and protein expression in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Overexpression of CYR61/CCN1 can suppress Sost expression in both control and Cyr61 knockout cells, and blocking Sost with siRNA can rescue Wnt responsiveness in Cyr61 knockout cells in vitro. Overall, our data suggest that CYR61/CCN1 modulates mature osteoblast and osteocyte function to regulate bone mass through angiogenic effects as well as by modulating Wnt signaling, at least in part through the Wnt antagonist Sost. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bau-Lin Huang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Diana Rigueur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chimay Bhoot
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kemberly R Charles
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jongseung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hemophilia Treatment Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ding Q, Sun P, Zhou H, Wan B, Yin J, Huang Y, Li Q, Yin G, Fan J. Lack of endogenous parathyroid hormone delays fracture healing by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor‑mediated angiogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:171-181. [PMID: 29620150 PMCID: PMC5979887 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent low-dose injections of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been reported to exert bone anabolic effects and to promote fracture healing. As an important proangiogenic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteoblasts, and serves a crucial regulatory role in the process of vascular development and regeneration. To investigate whether lack of endogenous PTH causes reduced angiogenic capacity and thereby delays the process of fracture healing by downregulating the VEGF signaling pathway, a PTH knockout (PTHKO) mouse fracture model was generated. Fracture healing was observed using X-ray and micro-computerized tomography. Bone anabolic and angiogenic markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The expression levels of VEGF and associated signaling pathways in murine BMSC-derived osteoblasts were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The expression levels of protein kinase A (PKA), phosphorylated-serine/threonine protein kinase (pAKT), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and VEGF were significantly decreased in BMSC-derived osteoblasts from PTHKO mice. In addition, positive platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule staining was reduced in PTHKO mice, as determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of HIF1α, VEGF, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were also decreased in PTHKO mice, and fracture healing was delayed. In conclusion, lack of endogenous PTH may reduce VEGF expression in BMSC-derived osteoblasts by downregulating the activity of the PKA/pAKT/HIF1α/VEGF pathway, thus affecting endochondral bone formation by causing a reduction in angiogenesis and osteogenesis, ultimately leading to delayed fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Ding
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yao Huang
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin Fan
- Orthopaedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Miao T, Wang J, Zeng Y, Liu G, Chen X. Polysaccharide-Based Controlled Release Systems for Therapeutics Delivery and Tissue Engineering: From Bench to Bedside. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700513. [PMID: 29721408 PMCID: PMC5908359 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides or polymeric carbohydrate molecules are long chains of monosaccharides that are linked by glycosidic bonds. The naturally based structural materials are widely applied in biomedical applications. This article covers four different types of polysaccharides (i.e., alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran) and emphasizes their chemical modification, preparation approaches, preclinical studies, and clinical translations. Different cargo fabrication techniques are also presented in the third section. Recent progresses in preclinical applications are then discussed, including tissue engineering and treatment of diseases in both therapeutic and monitoring aspects. Finally, clinical translational studies with ongoing clinical trials are summarized and reviewed. The promise of new development in nanotechnology and polysaccharide chemistry helps clinical translation of polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine and theMedical and Scientific Research CenterGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning530021China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of PharmacologyXiamen Medical CollegeXiamen361008China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologyInnovation Center for Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & InstrumentationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and NanomedicineNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
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127
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Tzeng YS, Chung NC, Chen YR, Huang HY, Chuang WP, Lai DM. Imbalanced Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis in Mice Deficient in the Chemokine Cxcl12/Sdf1 in the Bone Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:679-690. [PMID: 29120093 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow serve as an imperative ecosystem to various types of cells participating in critical body functions. The chemokine Cxcl12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1 (Sdf1), is one of the communication factors in the marrow microenvironment that regulates hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell homeostasis. However, the function of Cxcl12 in other bone marrow cells in vivo is yet to be discovered. Here we report a novel function of Cxcl12 in postnatal bone development and homeostasis. Targeted deletion of Cxcl12 in Paired related homeobox 1 (Prx1)-expressing or osterix (Osx)-expressing mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs), but not in mature osteoblasts, resulted in marrow adiposity and reduced trabecular bone content. In vivo lineage tracing analysis revealed biased differentiation of MSPCs toward adipocytes. In contrast, adult-stage deletion of Cxcl12 in Osx-expressing cells led to reduced bone content but not adiposity. Targeting the receptor Cxcr4 in the Prx1-expressing cells also resulted in reduced trabecular bone content but not adiposity. Our study reveals a previously unidentified role of the MSPC-secreting Cxcl12 that regulates its osteogenesis and adipogenesis through the cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanism, respectively; which could further influence the homeostatic control of the hematopoietic system. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shiuan Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chun Chung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ren Chen
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Cardiovascular Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ming Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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128
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Lee HS, Park T. Nuclear receptor and VEGF pathways for gene-blood lead interactions, on bone mineral density, in Korean smokers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193323. [PMID: 29518117 PMCID: PMC5843219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has a complex etiology and is considered a multifactorial polygenic disease, in which genetic determinants are modulated by hormonal, lifestyle, environmental, and nutritional factors. Therefore, investigating these multiple factors, and the interactions between them, might lead to a better understanding of osteoporosis pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic interventions. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between three blood metals (Pb, Cd, and Al), in smoking and nonsmoking patients' sera, and prevalence of osteoporosis. In particular, we focused on gene-environment interactions of metal exposure, including a dataset obtained through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Subsequently, we conducted a pathway-based analysis, using a GWAS dataset, to elucidate how metal exposure influences susceptibility to osteoporosis. In this study, we evaluated blood metal exposures for estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis in 443 participants (aged 53.24 ± 8.29), from the Republic of Korea. Those analyses revealed a negative association between lead blood levels and bone mineral density in current smokers (p trend <0.01). By further using GWAS-based pathway analysis, we found nuclear receptor (FDR<0.05) and VEGF pathways (FDR<0.05) to be significantly upregulated by blood lead burden, with regard to the prevalence of osteoporosis, in current smokers. These findings suggest that the intracellular pathways of angiogenesis and nuclear hormonal signaling can modulate interactions between lead exposure and genetic variation, with regard to susceptibility to diminished bone mineral density. Our findings may provide new leads for understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of osteoporosis, including possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics and Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Gwanak 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Daegu Institution, National Forensic Service, Hogukro, Waegwon-eup, Chilgok-gun, Gyeomgsamgbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics and Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Gwanak 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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129
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Awaja F, Speranza G, Kaltenegger H, Coraça-Huber D, Lohberger B. Surface modification and characterization of GO/polymer thin coatings as excellent bio-active platforms for tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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130
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Marie PJ, Cohen-Solal M. The Expanding Life and Functions of Osteogenic Cells: From Simple Bone-Making Cells to Multifunctional Cells and Beyond. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:199-210. [PMID: 29206311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, important progress in bone cell biology and in human and mouse genetics led to major advances in our understanding of the life and functions of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Previously unrecognized sources of osteogenic cells have been identified. Novel cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling osteoblast differentiation and senescence have been determined. New mechanisms of communications between osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, as well as novel links between osteogenic cells and blood vessels have been identified. Additionally, cells of the osteoblast lineage were shown to be important components of the hematopoietic niche and to be implicated in hematologic dysfunctions and malignancy. Lastly, unexpected interactions were found between osteogenic cells and several soft tissues, including the central nervous system, gut, muscle, fat, and testis through the release of paracrine factors, making osteogenic cells multifunctional regulatory cells, in addition to their bone-making function. These discoveries considerably enlarged our vision of the life and functions of osteogenic cells, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutics with immediate applications in bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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131
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Lin DPL, Dass CR. Transdifferentiation of adipocytes to osteoblasts: potential for orthopaedic treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:307-319. [PMID: 29365349 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As both adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from the same pool of mesenchymal stem cells, increasing clinical evidence has emerged of the plasticity between the two lineages. For instance, the downregulation of osteoblast differentiation and upregulation of adipogenesis are common features of conditions such as multiple myeloma, obesity and drug-induced bone loss in diabetes mellitus. However, despite in-vitro and in-vivo observations of adipocyte transdifferentiation into osteoblasts, little is known of the underlying mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS This review summarises the current knowledge of this particular transdifferentiation process whereby the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and Runx2 overexpression have been postulated to play a critical role. SUMMARY Furthermore, due to the possibility of a novel therapy in the treatment of bone conditions, a number of agents with the potential to induce adipo-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation have been investigated such as all-trans retinoic acid, bone morphogenetic protein-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne P L Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia
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132
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Seki T, Hosaka K, Fischer C, Lim S, Andersson P, Abe M, Iwamoto H, Gao Y, Wang X, Fong GH, Cao Y. Ablation of endothelial VEGFR1 improves metabolic dysfunction by inducing adipose tissue browning. J Exp Med 2018; 215:611-626. [PMID: 29305395 PMCID: PMC5789413 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an instrumental role in the modulation of adipose tissue mass and metabolism. Targeting adipose vasculature provides an outstanding opportunity for treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we report the physiological functions of VEGFR1 in the modulation of adipose angiogenesis, obesity, and global metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of endothelial VEGFR1 augmented adipose angiogenesis and browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue, leading to elevated thermogenesis. In a diet-induced obesity model, endothelial-VEGFR1 deficiency demonstrated a potent anti-obesity effect by improving global metabolism. Along with metabolic changes, fatty liver and insulin sensitivity were also markedly improved in VEGFR1-deficient high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Together, our data indicate that targeting of VEGFR1 provides an exciting new opportunity for treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mitsuhiko Abe
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Central Research Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Central Research Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .,Central Research Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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133
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wen T. MALAT1 enhanced the proliferation of human osteoblasts treated with ultra‑high molecular weight polyethylene by targeting VEGF via miR‑22‑5p. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1536-1546. [PMID: 29328414 PMCID: PMC5819924 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteolysis associated with an implanted prosthesis is the major cause of failure in prosthesis implantation, and a severe public health issue worldwide. The type of bone metabolism associated with this disorder has been a major focus for improving the outcomes of patients with osteolysis. The role of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1; a member of the long coding RNA family) during the onset of osteolysis and the related molecular regulatory mechanism in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-treated hFOB 1.19 cells were investigated in the current study. The effect of MALAT1 knockdown on cell viability, cell apoptosis and osteolysis-associated signaling were also examined, and the interactions that occurred between MALAT1 and an anti-osteolysis molecule, microRNA (miR)-22-5p were investigated. Additionally, knockdown of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerted similar biological effects as observed following miR-22-5p overexpression. The data showed that MALAT1 and pro-osteolysis indicators, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and VEGF were upregulated in clinical interface membrane samples. Knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited the growth of UHMWPE-treated hFOB 1.19 cells, and this effect was associated with the upregulation of OPG, and downregulation of RANKL and VEGF. Results of a dual luciferase assay confirmed the interaction between VEGF and miR-22-5p, and also between MALAT1 and miR-22-5p. Additionally, subsequent assays indicated that overexpression of MALAT1 suppressed the anti-osteolysis effect of miR-22-5p, which would further induce VEGF expression. The data indicated that MALAT1 has an in port ant role in the onset of osteolysis via its ability to induce RANKL expression and inhibit the effect of miR-22-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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134
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Grosso A, Burger MG, Lunger A, Schaefer DJ, Banfi A, Di Maggio N. It Takes Two to Tango: Coupling of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:68. [PMID: 29164110 PMCID: PMC5675838 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process requiring highly orchestrated interactions between different cells and signals to form new mineralized tissue. Blood vessels serve as a structural template, around which bone development takes place, and also bring together the key elements for bone homeostasis into the osteogenic microenvironment, including minerals, growth factors and osteogenic progenitor cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of vascular growth and it is required for effective coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during both skeletal development and postnatal bone repair. Here, we will review the current state of knowledge on the molecular cross-talk between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In particular, we will focus on the role of VEGF in coupling these two processes and how VEGF dose can control the outcome, addressing in particular: (1) the direct influence of VEGF on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors; (2) the angiocrine functions of endothelium to regulate osteoprogenitors; (3) the role of immune cells, e.g., myeloid cells and osteoclast precursors, recruited by VEGF to the osteogenic microenvironment. Finally, we will discuss emerging strategies, based on the current biological understanding, to ensure rapid vascularization and efficient bone formation in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grosso
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian G Burger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Lunger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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135
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Costa V, Raimondi L, Conigliaro A, Salamanna F, Carina V, De Luca A, Bellavia D, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1Α may regulate the commitment of mesenchymal stromal cells toward angio-osteogenesis by mirna-675-5P. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1412-1425. [PMID: 29111380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS During bone formation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are regulated by hypoxia, which is able to induce blood vessel formation, as well as recruit and differentiate human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). The molecular mechanisms involved in HIF-1α response and hMSC differentiation during bone formation are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic role of hypoxia and hypoxia-mimetic microRNA miR-675-5p in angiogenesis response and osteo-chondroblast commitment of hMSCs. METHODS By using a suitable in vitro cell model of hMSCs (maintained in hypoxia or normoxia), the role of HIF-1α and miR-675-5p in angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling was investigated, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), gene expression and protein analysis. RESULTS Hypoxia induced miR-675-5p expression and a hypoxia-angiogenic response, as demonstrated by increase in vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA and protein release. MiR-675-5p overexpression in normoxia promoted the down-regulation of MSC markers and the up-regulation of osteoblast and chondroblast markers, as demonstrated by FACS and protein analysis. Moreover, miR-675-5p depletion in a low-oxygen condition partially abolished the hypoxic response, including angiogenesis, and in particular restored the MSC phenotype, demonstrated by cytofluorimetric analysis. In addition, current preliminary data suggest that the expression of miR-675-5p during hypoxia plays an additive role in sustaining Wnt/β-catenin pathways and the related commitment of hMSCs during bone ossification. DISCUSSION MiR-675-5p may trigger complex molecular mechanisms that promote hMSC osteoblastic differentiation through a dual strategy: increasing HIF-1α response and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Costa
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Carina
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela De Luca
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Palermo, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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136
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Simultaneous visualisation of calcified bone microstructure and intracortical vasculature using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast-enhanced tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13289. [PMID: 29038597 PMCID: PMC5643345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
3D imaging of the bone vasculature is of key importance in the understanding of skeletal disease. As blood vessels in bone are deeply encased in the calcified matrix, imaging techniques that are applicable to soft tissues are generally difficult or impossible to apply to the skeleton. While canals in cortical bone can readily be identified and characterised in X-ray computed tomographic data in 3D, the soft tissue comprising blood vessels that are putatively contained within the canal structures does not provide sufficient image contrast necessary for image segmentation. Here, we report an approach that allows for rapid, simultaneous visualisation of calcified bone tissue and the vasculature within the calcified bone matrix. Using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast-enhanced tomography we show exemplar data with intracortical capillaries uncovered at sub-micrometre level without the need for any staining or contrast agent. Using the tibiofibular junction of 15 week-old C57BL/6 mice post mortem, we show the bone cortical porosity simultaneously along with the soft tissue comprising the vasculature. Validation with histology confirms that we can resolve individual capillaries. This imaging approach could be easily applied to other skeletal sites and transgenic models, and could improve our understanding of the role the vasculature plays in bone disease.
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137
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Nagao M, Hamilton JL, Kc R, Berendsen AD, Duan X, Cheong CW, Li X, Im HJ, Olsen BR. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cartilage Development and Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13027. [PMID: 29026147 PMCID: PMC5638804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide studies indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is associated with osteoarthritis (OA), and increased VEGF expression correlates with increased disease severity. VEGF is also a chondrocyte survival factor during development and essential for bone formation, skeletal growth and postnatal homeostasis. This raises questions of how the important embryonic and postnatal functions of VEGF can be reconciled with an apparently destructive role in OA. Addressing these questions, we find that VEGF acts as a survival factor in growth plate chondrocytes during development but only up until a few weeks after birth in mice. It is also required for postnatal differentiation of articular chondrocytes and the timely ossification of bones in joint regions. In surgically induced knee OA in mice, a model of post-traumatic OA in humans, increased expression of VEGF is associated with catabolic processes in chondrocytes and synovial cells. Conditional knock-down of Vegf attenuates induced OA. Intra-articular anti-VEGF antibodies suppress OA progression, reduce levels of phosphorylated VEGFR2 in articular chondrocytes and synovial cells and reduce levels of phosphorylated VEGFR1 in dorsal root ganglia. Finally, oral administration of the VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor Vandetanib attenuates OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nagao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Agnes D Berendsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuchen Duan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chan Wook Cheong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, 820S, Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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138
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Mao L, Xia L, Chang J, Liu J, Jiang L, Wu C, Fang B. The synergistic effects of Sr and Si bioactive ions on osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis for osteoporotic bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 61:217-232. [PMID: 28807800 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive ions released from bioceramics play important roles in bone regeneration; however, it is unclear how each ionic composition in complex bioceramics exerts its specific effect on bone regeneration. The aim of this study is to elucidate the functional effects of Sr and Si ions in bioceramics on the regeneration of osteoporotic bone. A model bioceramic with Sr- and Si-containing components (SMS) was successfully fabricated and the effects of ionic products from SMS bioceramics on the osteogenic, osteoclastic and angiogenic differentiation of rBMSCs-OVX and RANKL-induced osteoclasts were investigated. The results showed that SMS bioceramics could enhance ALP activity and expression of Col 1, OCN, Runx2, and angiogenic factors including VEGF and Ang-1. SMS bioceramics not only rebalanced the OPG/RANKL ratio of rBMSCs-OVX at early stage, but also repressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and expression of TRAP, DC-STAMP, V-ATPase a3, and NFATc1. The synergistic effects of Sr and Si ions were further investigated as compared with those of similar concentrations of Sr and Si ions alone. Sr and Si ions possessed synergistic effects on osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis, attributed to the dominant effects of Sr ions on enhancing angiogenesis and repressing osteoclastogenesis, and the dominant effects of Si ions on stimulating osteogenesis. The in vivo study using critical-size mandibular defects of OVX rat models showed that SMS bioceramics could significantly enhance bone formation and mineralization compared with β-TCP bioceramics. Our results are the first to elucidate the specific effect of each ion from bioceramics on osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis for osteoporotic bone regeneration, paving the way for the design of functional biomaterials with complex compositions for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bioactive ions released from bioceramics play important roles for bone regeneration; however, it is unclear how each of ionic compositions in complex bioceramics exerts its specific effect on bone regeneration. The aim of present study is to elucidate the functional effects of Sr and Si ions in complex bioceramics on the regeneration of osteoporotic bone. A model bioceramic with Sr and Si-containing components (SMS) was successfully fabricated and the effects of ionic products from SMS bioceramics on the osteogenic, osteoclastic and angiogenic differentiation of rBMSCs-OVX and RANKL-induced osteoclasts were investigated. The results showed that SMS bioceramics could enhance ALP activity and expression of Col 1, OCN, Runx2 and angiogenic factors including VEGF and Ang-1. SMS bioceramics not only rebalanced the ratio of OPG/RANKL of OVX-BMSCs at early stage, but also repressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and expression of TRAP, DC-STAMP, V-ATPase a3, and NFATc1. The synergistic effects of Sr and Si ions were further investigated as compared with the similar concentration of Sr and Si ions alone. It was found that Sr and Si ions possessed synergistic effects on osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis, attributed to the dominant effects of Sr ions on enhancing angiogenesis and repressing osteoclastogenesis, and the dominant effects of Si ions on stimulating osteogenesis. The in vivo study using critical-size mandibular defects of OVX rat models showed that SMS bioceramics could significantly enhance bone formation and mineralization as compared with β-TCP bioceramics. It is suggested that SMS bioceramics may be a promising biomaterial for osteoporotic bone regeneration. To our knowledge, this is the first time to elucidate the specific effect of each ion from bioceramics on osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis for osteoporotic bone regeneration, paving the way to design functional biomaterials with complex compositions for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Mao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Fang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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139
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Yang M, Arai A, Udagawa N, Hiraga T, Lijuan Z, Ito S, Komori T, Moriishi T, Matsuo K, Shimoda K, Zahalka AH, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi N, Mizoguchi T. Osteogenic Factor Runx2 Marks a Subset of Leptin Receptor-Positive Cells that Sit Atop the Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Hierarchy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4928. [PMID: 28694469 PMCID: PMC5503992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (BM-MSPCs) maintain homeostasis of bone tissue by providing osteoblasts. Although several markers have been identified for labeling of MSPCs, these labeled cells still contain non-BM-MSPC populations. Studies have suggested that MSPCs are observed as leptin receptor (LepR)-positive cells, whereas osteoblasts can be classified as positive for Runx2, a master regulator for osteoblastogenesis. Here, we demonstrate, using Runx2-GFP reporter mice, that the LepR-labeled population contains Runx2-GFPlow sub-population, which possesses higher fibroblastic colony-forming units (CFUs) and mesensphere capacity, criteria for assessing stem cell activity, than the Runx2-GFP− population. In response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), a bone anabolic hormone, LepR+Runx2-GFPlow cells increase Runx2 expression and form multilayered structures near the bone surface. Subsequently, the multilayered cells express Osterix and Type I collagen α, resulting in generation of mature osteoblasts. Therefore, our results indicate that Runx2 is weakly expressed in the LepR+ population without osteoblastic commitment, and the LepR+Runx2-GFPlow stromal cells sit atop the BM stromal hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Zhao Lijuan
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Susumu Ito
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Shimoda
- Laboratory Animal Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ali H Zahalka
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takahashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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140
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Cellular Changes of Stem Cells in 3-Dimensional Culture. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:2477.e1-2477.e9. [PMID: 28683303 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During various operations and procedures, such as distraction osteogenesis and orthodontics, skeletal tissues use mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is important for maintaining bone health and converting mechanical forces into biochemical signals. We hypothesized that cells put under mechanical stress would adapt and change morphologically and respond with a decrease in cellular proliferation to accommodate the stress differences. These differences will be measured at the molecular and genetic level. We also wanted to test the practicality of an in vitro 3-dimensional gel model system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implemented a 3-dimensional cell culture model. The sample was composed of isolated mouse mesenchymal prefibroblast bone marrow cells from the femurs and tibias of 6- to 8-week-old wild-type C57BL6 mice. The cells were seeded on fibronectin-coated hydrogels along with fibrin and nodulin growth factors. The variables tested were a no-force model (control) and a force model. The force model required two 0.1-mm suture pins put through one 0.25-cm length of cell-gel matrix. After the experiments were run to completion, the samples were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were cut at a thickness of 5 μm along the long axis for the force construct and encompassing the entire circular area of the control construct. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed, and the P value was set at 5%. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 models. The force model had longer and straighter primary cilia, less apoptosis, and an increase in cell proliferation. In addition, the shape of the cells was markedly different after the experiment. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study suggest cells put under tensile stress have the ability to mechanically sense the environment to provide improved adaptation. Our work also confirms the usefulness of the in vitro 3-dimensional gel model system to mimic in vivo applications.
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141
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Galli S, Stocchero M, Andersson M, Karlsson J, He W, Lilin T, Wennerberg A, Jimbo R. The effect of magnesium on early osseointegration in osteoporotic bone: a histological and gene expression investigation. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2195-2205. [PMID: 28349251 PMCID: PMC5486930 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Magnesium has a key role in osteoporosis and could enhance implant osseointegration in osteoporotic patients. Titanium implants impregnated with Mg ions were installed in the tibia of ovariectomized rats. The release of Mg induced a significant increase of bone formation and the expression of anabolic markers in the peri-implant bone. INTRODUCTION The success of endosseous implants is highly predictable in patients possessing normal bone status, but it may be impaired in patients with osteoporosis. Thus, the application of strategies that adjuvate implant healing in compromized sites is of great interest. Magnesium has a key role in osteoporosis prevention and it is an interesting candidate for this purpose. In this study, the cellular and molecular effects of magnesium release from implants were investigated at the early healing stages of implant integration. METHODS Osteoporosis was induced in 24 female rats by means of ovariectomy and low-calcium diet. Titanium mini-screws were coated with mesoporous titania films and were loaded with magnesium (test group) or left as native (control group). The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of the rats. One, 2 and 7 days after implantation, the implants were retrieved and histologically examined. In addition, expression of genes was evaluated in the peri-implant bone tissue at day 7 by means of quantitative polymerase chain reactions with pathway-oriented arrays. RESULTS The histological evaluation revealed that new bone formation started already during the first week of healing for both groups. However, around the test implants, new bone was significantly more abundant and spread along a larger surface of the implants. In addition, the release of magnesium induced a significantly higher expression of BMP6. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that the release of magnesium promoted rapid bone formation and the activation of osteogenic signals in the vicinity of implants placed in osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - M Stocchero
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Lilin
- Center for Biomedical Research, ECole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - A Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R Jimbo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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142
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Park J, Kim M, Sun K, An YA, Gu X, Scherer PE. VEGF-A-Expressing Adipose Tissue Shows Rapid Beiging and Enhanced Survival After Transplantation and Confers IL-4-Independent Metabolic Improvements. Diabetes 2017; 66:1479-1490. [PMID: 28254844 PMCID: PMC5440018 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and contributes to adipocyte function and systemic metabolism, such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and beiging of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Using a doxycycline-inducible adipocyte-specific VEGF-A-overexpressing mouse model, we investigated the dynamics of local VEGF-A effects on tissue beiging of adipose tissue transplants. VEGF-A overexpression in adipocytes triggers angiogenesis. We also observed a rapid appearance of beige fat cells in subcutaneous white adipose tissue as early as 2 days postinduction of VEGF-A. In contrast to conventional cold-induced beiging, VEGF-A-induced beiging is independent of interleukin-4. We subjected metabolically healthy VEGF-A-overexpressing adipose tissue to autologous transplantation. Transfer of subcutaneous adipose tissues taken from VEGF-A-overexpressing mice into diet-induced obese mice resulted in systemic metabolic benefits, associated with improved survival of adipocytes and a concomitant reduced inflammatory response. These effects of VEGF-A are tissue autonomous, inducing white adipose tissue beiging and angiogenesis within the transplanted tissue. Our findings indicate that manipulation of adipocyte functions with a bona fide angiogenic factor, such as VEGF-A, significantly improves the survival and volume retention of fat grafts and can convey metabolically favorable properties on the recipient on the basis of beiging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yu Aaron An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xue Gu
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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143
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El Khassawna T, Serra A, Bucher CH, Petersen A, Schlundt C, Könnecke I, Malhan D, Wendler S, Schell H, Volk HD, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN. T Lymphocytes Influence the Mineralization Process of Bone. Front Immunol 2017; 8:562. [PMID: 28596766 PMCID: PMC5442173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a unique organ able to regenerate itself after injuries. This regeneration requires the local interplay between different biological systems such as inflammation and matrix formation. Structural reconstitution is initiated by an inflammatory response orchestrated by the host immune system. However, the individual role of T cells and B cells in regeneration and their relationship to bone tissue reconstitution remain unknown. Comparing bone and fracture healing in animals with and without mature T and B cells revealed the essential role of these immune cells in determining the tissue mineralization and thus the bone quality. Bone without mature T and B cells is stiffer when compared to wild-type bone thus lacking the elasticity that helps to absorb forces, thus preventing fractures. In-depth analysis showed dysregulations in collagen deposition and osteoblast distribution upon lack of mature T and B cells. These changes in matrix deposition have been correlated with T cells rather than B cells within this study. This work presents, for the first time, a direct link between immune cells and matrix formation during bone healing after fracture. It illustrates specifically the role of T cells in the collagen organization process and the lack thereof in the absence of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ireen Könnecke
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wendler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Schell
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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144
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Sobacchi C, Palagano E, Villa A, Menale C. Soluble Factors on Stage to Direct Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 28567372 PMCID: PMC5434159 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that are identified by in vitro plastic adherence, colony-forming capacity, expression of a panel of surface molecules, and ability to differentiate at least toward osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. They also produce trophic factors with immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, and antiapoptotic functions influencing the behavior of neighboring cells. On the other hand, a reciprocal regulation takes place; in fact, MSCs can be isolated from several tissues, and depending on the original microenvironment and the range of stimuli received from there, they can display differences in their essential characteristics. Here, we focus mainly on the bone tissue and how soluble factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, present in this microenvironment can orchestrate bone marrow-derived MSCs fate. We also briefly describe the alteration of MSCs behavior in pathological settings such as hematological cancer, bone metastasis, and bone marrow failure syndromes. Overall, the possibility to modulate MSCs plasticity makes them an attractive tool for diverse applications of tissue regeneration in cell therapy. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the microenvironment characteristics and components better suited to obtain a specific MSCs response can be extremely useful for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sobacchi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palagano
- Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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145
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Pagani S, Torricelli P, Veronesi F, Salamanna F, Cepollaro S, Fini M. An advanced tri‐culture model to evaluate the dynamic interplay among osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:291-301. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- Rizzoli Orthopedic InstituteLaboratory of Preclinical and Surgical StudiesBolognaItaly
| | - Paola Torricelli
- Rizzoli Orthopedic InstituteLaboratory of Preclinical and Surgical StudiesBolognaItaly
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic InstituteLaboratory of Preclinical and Surgical StudiesBolognaItaly
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Department RIT RizzoliLaboratory of BiocompatibilityTechnological Innovations and Advanced TherapiesRizzoli Orthopedic InstituteBolognaItaly
| | - Simona Cepollaro
- Rizzoli Orthopedic InstituteLaboratory of Preclinical and Surgical StudiesBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Milena Fini
- Rizzoli Orthopedic InstituteLaboratory of Preclinical and Surgical StudiesBolognaItaly
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146
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Later Development of Posterior Staphyloma in Choroidal Osteoma With Choroidal Neovascularization. Retina 2017; 37:e95-e96. [PMID: 28452838 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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147
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Hu K, Olsen BR. Vascular endothelial growth factor control mechanisms in skeletal growth and repair. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:227-234. [PMID: 27750398 PMCID: PMC5354946 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is a critical regulator of vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis and homeostasis, and it is essential for bone development and repair. Blood vessels serve both as structural templates for bone formation and they provide essential cells, growth factors and minerals needed for synthesis and mineralization, as well as turnover, of the extracellular matrix in bone. Through its regulation of angiogenesis, VEGF contributes to coupling of osteogenesis to angiogenesis, and it directly controls the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this review, we summarize the properties of VEGF and its receptors that are relevant to bone formation and repair; the roles of VEGF during development of endochondral and membranous bones; and the contributions of VEGF to bone healing during different phases of bone repair. Finally, we discuss contributions of altered VEGF function in inherited disorders with bone defects as part of their phenotypes, and we speculate on what will be required before therapeutic strategies based on VEGF modulation can be developed for clinical use to treat patients with bone growth disorders and/or compromised bone repair. Developmental Dynamics 246:227-234, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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148
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RhoGTPase stimulation is associated with strontium chloride treatment to counter simulated microgravity-induced changes in multipotent cell commitment. NPJ Microgravity 2017. [PMID: 28649629 PMCID: PMC5460183 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-016-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity-related cytoskeletal disorganization is associated with an altered balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of multipotent cells. Strontium chloride is known to increase osteoblastogenesis and repress adipogenesis, but its effects in microgravity-related conditions have not been established. Our goal was to investigate early events in this process, focusing on RhoGTPases as controllers of cytoskeletal organization leading to stem cell commitment. We cultivated C3H10T1/2 on microspheres using a rotating wall vessel bioreactor (NASA) in order to simulate microgravity-related conditions in adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis conditions independently. We observed that rotating wall vessel cultures presented increased adipogenesis, while osteoblastogenesis was reduced. Strontium-treated multipotent cells presented a significant repression in adipogenesis (−90 %, p < 0.001 PPARyD8) and an activation of osteoblastogenesis (+95 %, p < 0.001 bone sialoprotein and osteopontin D8), even in gravity altered conditions. We established that concomitant RhoA/Rac1 activations were associated with osteoblastogenesis enhancement and adipogenesis limitation in uncommitted cells. As vascular endothelial growth factor splicing is mechanosensitive and its signaling is central to stem cell commitment, we investigated vascular endothelial growth factor production, isoforms and receptors expressions in our conditions. We observed that vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors expressions were not significantly affected, but we found that presence of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor was associated with RhoA/Rac1 activations, whereas sequestration of vascular endothelial growth factor by cells was associated with RhoA/Rac1 inhibitions. We propose that strontium triggers secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and the subsequent Rac1 and RhoA activations leading to repression of adipogenesis and osteogenesis stimulation validating strontium as a counter measure for microgravity-induced alteration of cell commitment. A chemical element naturally found for instance in seafood or grains, could counter bone loss from long-term spaceflight. Alain Guignandon and colleagues from the Université de Lyon à St-Etienne in France exposed multipotent embryonic fibroblasts to microgravity conditions similar to those found in space. They found the balance shifted in these stem cells from differentiating to bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) to differentiating to fatty-tissue forming cells (adipocytes). When the cells were treated with strontium, the shift toward osteoblastogenesis was regained. Strontium achieves this by sustaining the activity of two proteins that play a role in bone development but are suppressed in space. Strontium’s effect on the proteins could happen via release of vascular endothelial growth factor, which, under normal gravity conditions, plays a role in committing the cell to differentiation into osteoblasts rather than adipoyctes.
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149
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Almeida MI, Silva AM, Vasconcelos DM, Almeida CR, Caires H, Pinto MT, Calin GA, Santos SG, Barbosa MA. miR-195 in human primary mesenchymal stromal/stem cells regulates proliferation, osteogenesis and paracrine effect on angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7-22. [PMID: 26683705 PMCID: PMC4807979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSC) are currently being explored in diverse clinical applications, including regenerative therapies. Their contribution to regeneration of bone fractures is dependent on their capacity to proliferate, undergo osteogenesis and induce angiogenesis. This study aimed to uncover microRNAs capable of concomitantly regulate these mechanisms. Following microRNA array results, we identified miR-195 and miR-497 as downregulated in human primary MSC under osteogenic differentiation. Overexpression of miR-195 or miR-497 in human primary MSC leads to a decrease in osteogenic differentiation and proliferation rate. Conversely, inhibition of miR-195 increased alkaline phosphatase expression and activity and cells proliferation. Then, miR-195 was used to study MSC capacity to recruit blood vessels in vivo. We provide evidence that the paracrine effect of MSC on angiogenesis is diminishedwhen cells over-express miR-195. VEGF may partially mediate this effect, as its expression and secreted protein levels are reduced by miR-195, while increased by anti-miR-195, in human MSC. Luciferase reporter assays revealed a direct interaction between miR-195 and VEGF 3′-UTR in bone cancer cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-195 regulates important mechanisms for bone regeneration, specifically MSC osteogenic differentiation, proliferation and control of angiogenesis; therefore, it is a potential target for clinical bone regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ines Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Machado Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Marques Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rodrigues Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Caires
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susana Gomes Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Adolfo Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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150
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Lu Q, Tu ML, Li CJ, Zhang L, Jiang TJ, Liu T, Luo XH. GDF11 Inhibits Bone Formation by Activating Smad2/3 in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:500-509. [PMID: 27395058 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Recent studies confirmed that GDF11 plays an important role in regulating the regeneration of brain, skeletal muscle, and heart during aging; however, its role in bone metabolism remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of GDF11 on bone metabolism, including bone formation and bone resorption, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that GDF11 inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Mechanistically, GDF11 repressed Runx2 expression by inducing SMAD2/3 phosphorylation during osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of GDF11 inhibited bone formation and accelerated age-related bone loss in mice. Our results also showed that GDF11 had no effect on osteoclast differentiation or bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide a further rationale for the therapeutic targeting of GDF11 for the treatment of age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Man-Li Tu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Jian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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