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Tidblad A, Gustafsson J, Marcus C, Ritzén M, Ekström K. Metabolic differences between short children with GH peak levels in the lower normal range and healthy children of normal height. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 34:22-27. [PMID: 28482270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe growth hormone deficiency (GHD) leads to several metabolic effects in the body ranging from abnormal body composition to biochemical disturbances. However, less is known regarding these parameters in short children with GH peak levels in the lower normal range during provocation tests. Our aim was to study the metabolic profile of this group and compare it with that of healthy children of normal height. DESIGN Thirty-five pre-pubertal short children (<-2.5 SDS) aged between 7 and 10years, with peak levels of GH between 7 and 14μg/L in an arginine insulin tolerance test (AITT), were compared with twelve age- and sex-matched children of normal height. The metabolic profile of the subjects was analysed by blood samples, DEXA, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, microdialysis and stable isotope examinations of rates of glucose production and lipolysis. RESULTS There were no overall significant metabolic differences between the groups. However, in the subgroup analysis, the short children with GH peaks <10μg/L had significantly lower fasting insulin levels which also correlated to other metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION The short pre-pubertal children with GH peak levels between 7 and 14μg/L did not differ significantly from healthy children of normal height but subpopulations within this group show significant metabolic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Tidblad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, H2:00, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Claude Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, B62, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Ritzén
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, H2:00, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Klas Ekström
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, H2:00, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Diehl T, Mullins R, Kapogiannis D. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Res 2017; 183:26-40. [PMID: 28034760 PMCID: PMC5393926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The links between systemic insulin resistance (IR), brain-specific IR, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been an extremely productive area of current research. This review will cover the fundamentals and pathways leading to IR, its connection to AD via cellular mechanisms, the most prominent methods and models used to examine it, an introduction to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a source of biomarkers for IR and AD, and an overview of modern clinical studies on the subject. To provide additional context, we also present a novel analysis of the spatial correlation of gene expression in the brain with the aid of Allen Human Brain Atlas data. Ultimately, examining the relation between IR and AD can be seen as a means of advancing the understanding of both disease states, with IR being a promising target for therapeutic strategies in AD treatment. In conclusion, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting brain IR in AD and the main strategies to pursue this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Diehl
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD
| | - Roger Mullins
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD.
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103
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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Brańska-Januszewska J, Ostrowska H, Chabowski A. Challenging of AS160/TBC1D4 Alters Intracellular Lipid milieu in L6 Myotubes Incubated With Palmitate. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2373-2386. [PMID: 27714805 PMCID: PMC5485047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) is a key regulator of GLUT4 translocation from intracellular depots to the plasma membrane in myocytes. Likely, AS160 also controls LCFAs transport, which requires relocation of fatty acid transporters. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of AS160 knockdown on lipid milieu in L6 myotubes incubated with palmitate (PA). Therefore, we compared two different settings, namely: 1) AS160 knockdown prior to palmitate incubation (pre-PA-silencing, AS160- /PA); 2) palmitate incubation with subsequent AS160 knockdown (post-PA-silencing, PA/AS160- ). The efficiency of AS160 silencing was checked at mRNA and protein levels. The expression and localization of FA transporters were determined using Western Blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Intracellular lipid content (FFA, DAG, TAG, and PL) and FA composition were estimated by GLC, whereas basal palmitate uptake was analyzed by means of scintigraphy. Both groups with silenced AS160 were characterized by a greater expression of FA transporters (FAT/CD36, FATP-1, 4) which had contributed to an increased FA cellular influx. Accordingly, we observed that post-PA-silencing of AS160 resulted in a marked decrement in DAG, TAG, and PL contents, but increased FFA content (PA/AS160- vs. PA). The opposite effect was observed in the group with pre-PA-silencing of AS160 in which AS160 knockdown did not affect the lipid pools (AS160- /PA vs. PA). Our results indicate that post-PA-silencing of AS160 has a capacity to decrease the lipotoxic effect(s) of PA by decreasing the content of lipids (DAG and PL) that promote insulin resistance in myotubes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2373-2386, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Halina Ostrowska
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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104
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Acevedo LM, Raya AI, Martínez-Moreno JM, Aguilera–Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Mangiferin protects against adverse skeletal muscle changes and enhances muscle oxidative capacity in obese rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173028. [PMID: 28253314 PMCID: PMC5333851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related skeletal muscle changes include muscle atrophy, slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation, and impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These changes relate with increased risk of insulin resistance. Mangiferin, the major component of the plant Mangifera indica, is a well-known anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antihyperlipidemic agent. This study tested the hypothesis that mangiferin treatment counteracts obesity-induced fiber atrophy and slow-to-fast fiber transition, and favors an oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle of obese rats. Obese Zucker rats were fed gelatin pellets with (15 mg/kg BW/day) or without (placebo group) mangiferin for 8 weeks. Lean Zucker rats received the same gelatin pellets without mangiferin and served as non-obese and non-diabetic controls. Lesser diameter, fiber composition, and histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity (an oxidative marker) of myosin-based fiber-types were assessed in soleus and tibialis cranialis muscles. A multivariate discriminant analysis encompassing all fiber-type features indicated that obese rats treated with mangiferin displayed skeletal muscle phenotypes significantly different compared with both lean and obese control rats. Mangiferin significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines, preserved skeletal muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional size, and fiber-type composition, and enhanced muscle fiber oxidative capacity. These data demonstrate that mangiferin attenuated adverse skeletal muscle changes in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M. Acevedo
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I. Raya
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julio M. Martínez-Moreno
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera–Tejero
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L. Rivero
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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105
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Dasilva G, Pazos M, García-Egido E, Gallardo JM, Ramos-Romero S, Torres JL, Romeu M, Nogués MR, Medina I. A lipidomic study on the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress targeted by marine ω-3 PUFA and polyphenols in high-fat high-sucrose diets. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:53-67. [PMID: 28260647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of polyphenols to ameliorate potential oxidative damage of ω-3 PUFAs when they are consumed together and then, to enhance their potentially individual effects on metabolic health is discussed through the modulation of fatty acids profiling and the production of lipid mediators. For that, the effects of the combined consumption of fish oils and grape seed procyanidins on the inflammatory response and redox unbalance triggered by high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diets were studied in an animal model of Wistar rats. A standard diet was used as control. Results suggested that fish oils produced a replacement of ω-6 by ω-3 PUFAs in membranes and tissues, and consequently they improved inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters: favored the activity of 12/15-lipoxygenases on ω-3 PUFAs, enhanced glutathione peroxidases activity, modulated proinflammatory lipid mediators synthesis through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways and down-regulated the synthesis de novo of ARA leaded by Δ5 desaturase. Although polyphenols exerted an antioxidative and antiinflammatory effect in the standard diet, they were less effective to reduce inflammation in the HFHS dietary model. Contrary to the effect observed in the standard diet, polyphenols up-regulated COX pathways toward ω-6 proinflammatory eicosanoids as PGE2 and 11-HETE and decreased the detoxification of ω-3 hydroperoxides in the HFHS diet. As a result, additive effects between fish oils and polyphenols were found in the standard diet in terms of reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, in the HFHS diets, fish oils seem to be the one responsible for the positive effects found in the combined group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dasilva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology and Research Institute for Food Analysis (I.I.A.A.), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Pazos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Egido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - José M Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Nogués
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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106
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Abu Bakar MH, Sarmidi MR, Tan JS, Mohamad Rosdi MN. Celastrol attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in palmitate-mediated insulin resistance in C3A hepatocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:73-83. [PMID: 28161417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction-induced inflammation is among the convergence points for the greatest hallmarks of hepatic insulin resistance. Celastrol, an anti-inflammatory compound from the root of Tripterygium Wilfordii has been reported to mitigate insulin resistance and inflammation in animal disease models. Nevertheless, the specific mechanistic actions of celastrol in modulating such improvements at the cellular level remain obscure. The present study sought to explore the mechanistic roles of celastrol upon insulin resistance induced by palmitate in C3A human hepatocytes. The hepatocytes exposed to palmitate (0.75mM) for 48h exhibited reduced both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to increased mitochondrial oxidative stress with diminished fatty acid oxidation. Elevated expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways and the amplified release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were observed following palmitate treatment. Consistently, palmitate reduced and augmented phosphorylated Tyrosine-612 and Serine-307 of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) proteins, respectively in hepatocytes. However, celastrol at the optimum concentration of 30nM was able to reverse these deleterious occasions and protected the cells from mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Importantly, we presented evidence for the first time that celastrol efficiently prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes at least, via improved mitochondrial functions and insulin signaling pathways. In summary, the present investigation underlines a conceivable mechanism to elucidate the cytoprotective potential of celastrol in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation against the development of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Norisham Mohamad Rosdi
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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107
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Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papalou O, Kandaraki EA, Kassi G. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Nutrition as a mediator of oxidative stress in metabolic and reproductive disorders in women. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R79-R99. [PMID: 27678478 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition can generate oxidative stress and trigger a cascade of molecular events that can disrupt oxidative and hormonal balance. Nutrient ingestion promotes a major inflammatory and oxidative response at the cellular level in the postprandial state, altering the metabolic state of tissues. A domino of unfavorable metabolic changes is orchestrated in the main metabolic organs, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas, where subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial deregulation and impaired insulin response and secretion take place. Simultaneously, in reproductive tissues, nutrition-induced oxidative stress can potentially violate delicate oxidative balance that is mandatory to secure normal reproductive function. Taken all the above into account, nutrition and its accompanying postprandial oxidative stress, in the unique context of female hormonal background, can potentially compromise normal metabolic and reproductive functions in women and may act as an active mediator of various metabolic and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center of ExcellenceEUROCLINIC, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni A Kandaraki
- Endocrine Unit3rd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kassi
- Endocrine Unit3rd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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108
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Asih PR, Tegg ML, Sohrabi H, Carruthers M, Gandy SE, Saad F, Verdile G, Ittner LM, Martins RN. Multiple Mechanisms Linking Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Testosterone as a Modifier. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 59:445-466. [PMID: 28655134 PMCID: PMC6462402 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence in support of links between type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased considerably in recent years. AD pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain, which are hypothesized to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. T2DM exhibits many AD pathological features, including reduced brain insulin uptake, lipid dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and depression; T2DM has also been shown to increase AD risk, and with increasing age, the prevalence of both conditions increases. In addition, amylin deposition in the pancreas is more common in AD than in normal aging, and although there is no significant increase in cerebral Aβ deposition in T2DM, the extent of Aβ accumulation in AD correlates with T2DM duration. Given these similarities and correlations, there may be common underlying mechanism(s) that predispose to both T2DM and AD. In other studies, an age-related gradual loss of testosterone and an increase in testosterone resistance has been shown in men; low testosterone levels can also occur in women. In this review, we focus on the evidence for low testosterone levels contributing to an increased risk of T2DM and AD, and the potential of testosterone treatment in reducing this risk in both men and women. However, such testosterone treatment may need to be long-term, and would need regular monitoring to maintain testosterone at physiological levels. It is possible that a combination of testosterone therapy together with a healthy lifestyle approach, including improved diet and exercise, may significantly reduce AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R. Asih
- Department of Anatomy, Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Tegg
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid Sohrabi
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Samuel E. Gandy
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farid Saad
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Medical Affairs Andrology, Berlin, Germany
- Gulf Medical University School of Medicine, Ajman, UAE
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Department of Anatomy, Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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109
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Huang S, Huang S, Wang X, Zhang Q, Liu J, Leng Y. Downregulation of lipin-1 induces insulin resistance by increasing intracellular ceramide accumulation in C2C12 myotubes. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1-12. [PMID: 28123341 PMCID: PMC5264256 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle is involved in the development of insulin resistance. Mutations in lipin-1, a key lipid metabolism regulator leads to significant systemic insulin resistance in fld mice. However, the function of lipin-1 on lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle is still unclear. Herein we demonstrated that downregulation of lipin-1 in C2C12 myotubes by siRNA transfection suppressed insulin action, characterized by reduced insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Correspondingly, decreased lipin-1 expression was observed in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes, suggested that lipin-1 might play a role in the etiology of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The insulin resistance induced by lipin-1 downregulation was related to the disturbance of lipid homeostasis. Lipin-1 silencing reduced intracellular DAG and TAG levels, but elevated ceramide accumulation in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, the impaired insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake caused by lipin-1 silencing could be blocked by the pretreatment with SPT inhibitor myriocin, ceramide synthase inhibitor FB1, or PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid, suggested that the increased ceramide accumulation might be responsible for the development of insulin resistance induced by lipin-1 silencing in C2C12 myotubes. Meanwhile, decreased lipin-1 expression also impaired mitochondrial function in C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, our study suggests that lipin-1 plays an important role in lipid metabolism and downregulation of lipin-1 induces insulin resistance by increasing intracellular ceramide accumulation in C2C12 myotubes. These results offer a molecular insight into the role of lipin-1 in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Shanghai 201203, China
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110
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Mohammadi A, Fallah H, Gholamhosseinian A. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Rosa Damascena is Mediated by PPAR.γ Gene Expression in Animal Model of Insulin Resistance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:1080-1088. [PMID: 29201096 PMCID: PMC5610762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin signaling and action are impaired in insulin sensitive tissues and result in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our previous studies have shown that Rosa damascena has antihyperglycemic effects on diabetic and normal rats. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of this medicinal plant on insulin sensitivity in rats. This study was performed on high fructose diet insulin resistant rats and pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizing drug, was used as a positive control. Insulin resistance was developed in animals by high fructose diet within six weeks. Then, Rosa damascena extract and pioglitazone were administered by gavage for two weeks and results were compared with two control groups. After treatment period, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, triglyceride, and cholesterol were assayed in fasting state. Plasma free fatty acid profile was analyzed by GC. Liver PPAR.γ and muscle GLUT.4 gene expressions were assessed by real time PCR and western blotting. Animals were treated with rosa damascena extract showed levels of insulin (42 ± 2.7 pmol/L). adiponectin (5.6±0.17 μg/mL). glucose (129±4.7 mg/dL). and triglyceride (75 ± 9 mg/dl) which were significantly improved as compared with control group insulin (137 ± 34 pmol/L), adiponectin (3.9±0.15 μg/mL). glucose (187±15 mg/dL). and triglycerides (217±18 mg/dL). PPARγ protein level was also significantly increased in Rosa damascene treated group. Our results demonstrated that rosa damascena extract has useful effects on insulin resistant animals and by increasing insulin sensitivity can be considered as a potential agent in control of diabetes.
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111
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Sinha I, Sakthivel D, Varon DE. Systemic Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28261159 PMCID: PMC5311070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle maintenance is a dynamic process and undergoes constant repair and regeneration. However, skeletal muscle regenerative capacity declines in obesity. In this review, we focus on obesity-associated changes in inflammation, metabolism, and impaired insulin signaling, which are pathologically dysregulated and ultimately result in a loss of muscle mass and function. In addition, we examine the relationships between skeletal muscle, liver, and visceral adipose tissue in an obese state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Indranil Sinha,
| | | | - David E. Varon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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112
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Uludağ Ö, Türktan M. Obezite Hastalarında Anestezi Yönetimi. ARŞIV KAYNAK TARAMA DERGISI 2016. [DOI: 10.17827/aktd.248423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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113
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Roy B, Curtis ME, Fears LS, Nahashon SN, Fentress HM. Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis and Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27746742 PMCID: PMC5040721 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are two alarming health disorders prominent among middle and old age populations, and the numbers of those affected by these two disorders are increasing. It is estimated that more than 600 million adults are obese and over 200 million people have osteoporosis worldwide. Interestingly, both of these abnormalities share some common features including a genetic predisposition, and a common origin: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Obesity is characterized by the expression of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), growth hormone (GH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), angiotensin II (Ang II), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), Advance glycation end products (AGE), and myostatin, which exert their effects by modulating the signaling pathways within bone and muscle. Chemical messengers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, AGE, leptins) that are upregulated or downregulated as a result of obesity have been shown to act as negative regulators of osteoblasts, osteocytes and muscles, as well as positive regulators of osteoclasts. These additive effects of obesity ultimately increase the risk for osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. The aim of this review is to identify the potential cellular mechanisms through which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary E Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Letimicia S Fears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel N Nahashon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hugh M Fentress
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
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114
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Fomenko EV, Chi Y. Mangiferin modulation of metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2016; 42:492-503. [PMID: 27534809 PMCID: PMC5077701 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a worldwide epidemic of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, demands effective strategy to develop nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals to halt this trend. Natural products have long been and continue to be an attractive source of nutritional and pharmacological therapeutics. One such natural product is mangiferin (MGF), the predominant constituent of extracts of the mango plant Mangifera indica L. Reports on biological and pharmacological effects of MGF increased exponentially in recent years. MGF has documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies indicate that it modulates multiple biological processes involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. MGF has been shown to improve metabolic abnormalities and disorders in animal models and humans. This review focuses on the recently reported biological and pharmacological effects of MGF on metabolism and metabolic disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(5):492-503, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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115
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Pierre N, Appriou Z, Gratas-Delamarche A, Derbré F. From physical inactivity to immobilization: Dissecting the role of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:197-207. [PMID: 26744239 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the literature, the terms physical inactivity and immobilization are largely used as synonyms. The present review emphasizes the need to establish a clear distinction between these two situations. Physical inactivity is a behavior characterized by a lack of physical activity, whereas immobilization is a deprivation of movement for medical purpose. In agreement with these definitions, appropriate models exist to study either physical inactivity or immobilization, leading thereby to distinct conclusions. In this review, we examine the involvement of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and atrophy induced by, respectively, physical inactivity and immobilization. A large body of evidence demonstrates that immobilization-induced atrophy depends on the chronic overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). On the other hand, the involvement of RONS in physical inactivity-induced insulin resistance has not been investigated. This observation outlines the need to elucidate the mechanism by which physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pierre
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Zephyra Appriou
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Arlette Gratas-Delamarche
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- EA1274 Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" M2S, Rennes 2 University - ENS Rennes, Bruz, France.
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116
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Rudrappa SS, Wilkinson DJ, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Idris I, Atherton PJ. Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance-A Qualitative Review. Front Physiol 2016; 7:361. [PMID: 27610086 PMCID: PMC4997013 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever increasing burden of an aging population and pandemic of metabolic syndrome worldwide demands further understanding of the modifiable risk factors in reducing disability and morbidity associated with these conditions. Disuse skeletal muscle atrophy (sometimes referred to as “simple” atrophy) and insulin resistance are “non-pathological” events resulting from sedentary behavior and periods of enforced immobilization e.g., due to fractures or elective orthopedic surgery. Yet, the processes and drivers regulating disuse atrophy and insulin resistance and the associated molecular events remain unclear—especially in humans. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge of relationships between muscle protein turnover, insulin resistance and muscle atrophy during disuse, principally in humans. Immobilization lowers fasted state muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and induces fed-state “anabolic resistance.” While a lack of dynamic measurements of muscle protein breakdown (MPB) precludes defining a definitive role for MPB in disuse atrophy, some proteolytic “marker” studies (e.g., MPB genes) suggest a potential early elevation. Immobilization also induces muscle insulin resistance (IR). Moreover, the trajectory of muscle atrophy appears to be accelerated in persistent IR states (e.g., Type II diabetes), suggesting IR may contribute to muscle disuse atrophy under these conditions. Nonetheless, the role of differences in insulin sensitivity across distinct muscle groups and its effects on rates of atrophy remains unclear. Multifaceted time-course studies into the collective role of insulin resistance and muscle protein turnover in the setting of disuse muscle atrophy, in humans, are needed to facilitate the development of appropriate countermeasures and efficacious rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreeth S Rudrappa
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, UK
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117
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Zhang W, Wu M, Kim T, Jariwala RH, Garvey WJ, Luo N, Kang M, Ma E, Tian L, Steverson D, Yang Q, Fu Y, Garvey WT. Skeletal Muscle TRIB3 Mediates Glucose Toxicity in Diabetes and High- Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:2380-91. [PMID: 27207527 PMCID: PMC4955990 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we used muscle-specific TRIB3 overexpressing (MOE) and knockout (MKO) mice to determine whether TRIB3 mediates glucose-induced insulin resistance in diabetes and whether alterations in TRIB3 expression as a function of nutrient availability have a regulatory role in metabolism. In streptozotocin diabetic mice, TRIB3 MOE exacerbated, whereas MKO prevented, glucose-induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose oxidation and defects in insulin signal transduction compared with wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that glucose-induced insulin resistance was dependent on TRIB3. In response to a high-fat diet, TRIB3 MOE mice exhibited greater weight gain and worse insulin resistance in vivo compared with WT mice, coupled with decreased AKT phosphorylation, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and upregulation of lipid metabolic genes coupled with downregulation of glucose metabolic genes in skeletal muscle. These effects were prevented in the TRIB3 MKO mice relative to WT mice. In conclusion, TRIB3 has a pathophysiological role in diabetes and a physiological role in metabolism. Glucose-induced insulin resistance and insulin resistance due to diet-induced obesity both depend on muscle TRIB3. Under physiological conditions, muscle TRIB3 also influences energy expenditure and substrate metabolism, indicating that the decrease and increase in muscle TRIB3 under fasting and nutrient excess, respectively, are critical for metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mengrui Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ravi H Jariwala
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - W John Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nanlan Luo
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Minsung Kang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth Ma
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dennis Steverson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yuchang Fu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
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118
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Supriya R, Tam BT, Pei XM, Lai CW, Chan LW, Yung BY, Siu PM. Doxorubicin Induces Inflammatory Modulation and Metabolic Dysregulation in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2016; 7:323. [PMID: 27512375 PMCID: PMC4961708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) has been demonstrated to worsen insulin signaling, engender muscle atrophy, trigger pro-inflammation, and induce a shift to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism in skeletal muscle. The myotoxicity of DOX in diabetic skeletal muscle remains largely unclear. This study examined the effects of DOX on insulin signaling, muscle atrophy, pro-/anti-inflammatory microenvironment, and glycolysis metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle of db/db diabetic and db/+ non-diabetic mice. Non-diabetic db/+ mice and diabetic db/db mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: db/+CON, db/+DOX, db/dbCON, and db/dbDOX. Mice in db/+DOX and db/dbDOX groups were intraperitoneally injected with DOX at a dose of 15 mg per kg body weight whereas mice in db/+CON and db/dbCON groups were injected with the same volume of saline instead of DOX. Gastrocnemius was immediately harvested, weighed, washed with cold phosphate buffered saline, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C for later analysis. The effects of DOX on diabetic muscle were neither seen in insulin signaling markers (Glut4, pIRS1Ser(636∕639), and pAktSer(473)) nor muscle atrophy markers (muscle mass, MuRF1 and MAFbx). However, DOX exposure resulted in enhancement of pro-inflammatory favoring microenvironment (as indicated by TNF-α, HIFα and pNFκBp65) accompanied by diminution of anti-inflammatory favoring microenvironment (as indicated by IL15, PGC1α and pAMPKβ1Ser108). Metabolism of diabetic muscle was shifted to anaerobic glycolysis after DOX exposure as demonstrated by our analyses of PDK4, LDH and pACCSer(79). Our results demonstrated that there might be a link between inflammatory modulation and the dysregulation of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in DOX-injured diabetic skeletal muscle. These findings help to understand the pathogenesis of DOX-induced myotoxicity in diabetic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Supriya
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Bjorn T Tam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao M Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher W Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence W Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Y Yung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Parco M Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
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119
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Jeon JY, Choi SE, Ha ES, Kim TH, Jung JG, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Kang Y, Lee KW. Association between insulin resistance and impairment of FGF21 signal transduction in skeletal muscles. Endocrine 2016; 53:97-106. [PMID: 26758997 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, was identified as a potent metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. We investigated whether the levels and signalings of FGF21 changed in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), human skeletal muscle myotubes (HSMMs) under insulin-resistant conditions, and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). A percutaneous biopsy sample of the vastus lateralis muscle of T2DM patients, IGT subjects, and participants with normal glucose tolerance was obtained and the levels and signalings of FGF21 were assessed. We determined whether the expression and signalings of FGF21 in HSMMs altered according to palmitate concentrations and exposure time. Also, we confirmed whether changes of FGF21 signal transduction resulted in the alteration of FGF21 functions. DIO mice were treated intravenously with recombinant FGF21, and the levels and signalings of FGF21 were assessed in their soleus muscles. We checked whether or not FGF21 played a role in the gene transcription related to lipid oxidation. Levels of FGF21 increased, whereas levels of phosphorylated FGF receptor (p-FGFR), phosphorylated FGFR substrates 2α (p-FRS2α), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) decreased in the skeletal muscle of both T2DM patients and IGT subjects. In vitro, palmitate increased the levels of FGF21 and significantly reduced the levels of β-klotho, p-FGFR, p-FRS2α, and p-ERK1/2 in HSMMs exposed to palmitate. Palmitate also decreased glucose uptake and glycogen contents of FGF21. Consistently, the levels of FGF21 were significantly higher and the levels of β-klotho and p-FGFR were lower in the DIO mice than in normal lean mice. The levels of FGF21 increased but its signal transduction and actions were impaired in skeletal muscles of T2DM patients, IGT subjects, in insulin-resistant HSMMs, and DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suk Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gab Jung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-721, Republic of Korea.
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120
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Bae JY, Shin KO, Woo J, Woo SH, Jang KS, Lee YH, Kang S. Exercise and dietary change ameliorate high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance via mTOR signaling pathway. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:28-33. [PMID: 27508151 PMCID: PMC4977908 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.06.20.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and dietary change on obesity and insulin resistance and mTOR signaling protein levels in skeletal muscles of obese rats. [Methods] Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into CO (Normal diet) and HF (High Fat diet) groups in order to induce obesity for 15 weeks. The rats were then subdivided into CO, COT (CO + Training), HF, HFT (HF + Training), HFND (Dietary change), and HFNDT (HFND + Training) groups (10 rats / group). The training groups underwent moderate-intensity treadmill exercise for 8 weeks, after which soleus muscles were excised and analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed by independent t-test and One-way ANOVA tests with a 0.05 significance level. [Results] Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR in the HF group were significantly higher, as compared with other groups (p <.05). Protein levels of insulin receptor subunit-1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, and p-Akt were significantly higher in the HFT, HFND, and HFNDT groups, as compared with HF group. In addition, the protein levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 were significantly decreased by exercise and dietary change (p <.05). However, mTORC2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase were significantly increased (p <.05). [Conclusion] In summary, despite the negative impact of continuous high fat intake, regular exercise and dietary change showed a positive effect on insulin resistance and mTOR signaling protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ok Shin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Woo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Woo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soeng Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Hyo Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Laboratory of Exercise physiology, Division of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon Republic of Korea
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121
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Jahansouz C, Serrot FJ, Frohnert BI, Foncea RE, Dorman RB, Slusarek B, Leslie DB, Bernlohr DA, Ikramuddin S. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Acutely Decreases Protein Carbonylation and Increases Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Obes Surg 2016; 25:2376-85. [PMID: 25975200 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue has been implicated as a pathogenic step in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In adipose tissue, chronic nutrient overload results in mitochondria driven increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to carbonylation of proteins that impair mitochondrial function and downregulation of key genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis. In patients with T2DM, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery leads to improvements in glycemic profile prior to significant weight loss. Consequently, we hypothesized that improved glycemia early after RYGB would be paralleled by decreased protein carbonylation and increased expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis in adipose tissue. METHODS To evaluate this hypothesis, 16 obese individuals were studied before and 7-8 days following RYGB and adjustable gastric banding (AGB). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained pre- and post-bariatric surgery as well as from eight healthy, non-obese individual controls. RESULTS Prior to surgery, adipose tissue expression of PGC1α, NRF1, Cyt C, and eNOS (but not Tfam) showed significantly lower expression in the obese bariatric surgery group when compared to lean controls (p < 0.05). Following RYGB, but not after AGB, patients showed significant decrease in HOMA-IR, reduction in adipose protein carbonylation, and increased expression of genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that rapid reduction in protein carbonylation and increased mitochondrial biogenesis may explain postoperative metabolic improvements following RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jahansouz
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Federico J Serrot
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Brigitte I Frohnert
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rocio E Foncea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert B Dorman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bridget Slusarek
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Daniel B Leslie
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sayeed Ikramuddin
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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122
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Johnston LW, Harris SB, Retnakaran R, Zinman B, Giacca A, Liu Z, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ. Longitudinal Associations of Phospholipid and Cholesteryl Ester Fatty Acids With Disorders Underlying Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2536-44. [PMID: 27144932 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Specific serum fatty acid (FA) profiles predict the development of incident type 2 diabetes; however, limited longitudinal data exist exploring their role in the progression of insulin sensitivity (IS) and β-cell function. OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal associations of the FA composition of serum phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fractions with IS and β-cell function over 6 years. DESIGN The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) cohort is a longitudinal observational study, with clinic visits occurring every 3 years. Three visits have been completed, totaling 6 years of follow-up. SETTING Individuals (n = 477) at risk for diabetes recruited from the general population in London and Toronto, Canada. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Values from an oral glucose tolerance test were used to compute 1/HOMA-IR and the Matsuda index for IS, the insulinogenic index over HOMA-IR, and the insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 for β-cell function. Thin-layer chromatograph and gas chromatograph quantified FA. Generalized estimating equations were used for the analysis. RESULTS IS and β-cell function declined by 8.3-19.4% over 6 years. In fully adjusted generalized estimating equation models, PL cis-vaccenate (18:1n-7) was positively associated with all outcomes, whereas γ-linolenate (GLA; 18:3n-6) and stearate (18:0) were negatively associated with IS. Tests for time interactions revealed that PL eicosadienoate (20:2n-6) and palmitate (16:0) and CE dihomo-γ-linolenate (20:3n-6), GLA, and palmitate had stronger associations with the outcomes after longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In a Canadian population at risk for diabetes, we found that higher PL stearate and GLA and lower cis-vaccenic acid predicted consistently lower IS and β-cell function over 6 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Johnston
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences (L.W.J., Z.L., R.P.B., A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (S.B.H.), University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada; Division of Endocrinology (R.R., B.Z.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute (R.R., B.Z.), Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Department of Physiology (A.G.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health (A.J.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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Yuan YL, Lin BQ, Zhang CF, Cui LL, Ruan SX, Yang ZL, Li F, Ji D. Timosaponin B-II Ameliorates Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance and Inflammation via IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:755-69. [PMID: 27222060 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of timosaponin B-II (TB-II) on palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in HepG2 cells, and probe the potential mechanisms. TB-II, a main ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, notably ameliorated PA-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, and significantly improved cell viability, decreased PA-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Further, TB-II treatment notably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO). TB-II also reduced HepG2 cells apoptosis. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and inhibitor of nuclear factor [Formula: see text]-B kinase (IKK)/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways-related proteins, and IKK[Formula: see text], p65 phosphorylation, serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at S307, tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and Akt activation were determined by Western blot. Compared to model group, TB-II significantly downregulated the expression of p-NF-[Formula: see text]Bp65, p-IKK[Formula: see text], p-IRS-1, p-PI3K and p-Akt. TB-II is a promising potential agent for the management of palmitate-induced insulin resistance and inflammation, which might be via IR/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Yuan
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Qin Lin
- † Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Cui
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Xia Ruan
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Yang
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - De Ji
- ‡ College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
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124
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Dotzert MS, Murray MR, McDonald MW, Olver TD, Velenosi TJ, Hennop A, Noble EG, Urquhart BL, Melling CWJ. Metabolomic Response of Skeletal Muscle to Aerobic Exercise Training in Insulin Resistant Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26379. [PMID: 27197730 PMCID: PMC4873835 DOI: 10.1038/srep26379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of insulin resistance in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is unknown, however it affects approximately 20% of T1D patients. Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) have been identified as a mechanism of insulin resistance. We examined skeletal muscle of T1D rats to determine if alterations in lipid metabolism were evident and whether aerobic exercise training improves IMCL and insulin resistance. To do so, 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (C), sedentary diabetes (D) and diabetes exercise (DX) groups. Following multiple low-dose Streptozotocin (STZ) injections (20 mg/kg), glycemia (9-15 mM) was maintained using insulin treatment. DX were treadmill trained at high intensity (~75% V02max; 5days/week) for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate that D exhibited insulin resistance compared with C and DX, indicated by decreased glucose infusion rate during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (p < 0.05). There were no differences between C and DX, suggesting that exercise improved insulin resistance (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed a significant shift in lipid metabolism whereby notable fatty acid metabolites (arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and several polyunsaturated fatty acids) were significantly elevated in D compared to C and DX. Based on the intermediates observed, insulin resistance in T1D is characterized by an insulin-desensitizing intramyocellular fatty acid metabolite profile that is ameliorated with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Dotzert
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R. Murray
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew W. McDonald
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Dylan Olver
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Velenosi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anzel Hennop
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Earl G. Noble
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brad L. Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. W. James Melling
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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125
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Nisr RB, Affourtit C. Palmitate-induced changes in energy demand cause reallocation of ATP supply in rat and human skeletal muscle cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1403-1411. [PMID: 27154056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with obesity-related muscle insulin resistance, but the causality of this association is controversial. The notion that mitochondrial oxidative capacity may be insufficient to deal appropriately with excessive nutrient loads is for example disputed. Effective mitochondrial capacity is indirectly, but largely determined by ATP-consuming processes because skeletal muscle energy metabolism is mostly controlled by ATP demand. Probing the bioenergetics of rat and human myoblasts in real time we show here that the saturated fatty acid palmitate lowers the rate and coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation under conditions it causes insulin resistance. Stearate affects the bioenergetic parameters similarly, whereas oleate and linoleate tend to decrease the rate but not the efficiency of ATP synthesis. Importantly, we reveal that palmitate influences how oxidative ATP supply is used to fuel ATP-consuming processes. Direct measurement of newly made protein demonstrates that palmitate lowers the rate of de novo protein synthesis by more than 30%. The anticipated decrease of energy demand linked to protein synthesis is confirmed by attenuated cycloheximide-sensitivity of mitochondrial respiratory activity used to make ATP. This indirect measure of ATP turnover indicates that palmitate lowers ATP supply reserved for protein synthesis by at least 40%. This decrease is also provoked by stearate, oleate and linoleate, albeit to a lesser extent. Moreover, palmitate lowers ATP supply for sodium pump activity by 60-70% and, in human cells, decreases ATP supply for DNA/RNA synthesis by almost three-quarters. These novel fatty acid effects on energy expenditure inform the 'mitochondrial insufficiency' debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid B Nisr
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, Plymouth, UK
| | - Charles Affourtit
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, Plymouth, UK.
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126
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Madlala HP, Maarman GJ, Ojuka E. Uric acid and transforming growth factor in fructose-induced production of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:259-66. [PMID: 26946251 PMCID: PMC4892313 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fructose, a major constituent of the modern diet, has raised increasing concern about the effects of fructose on health. Research suggests that excessive intake of fructose (>50 g/d) causes hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, de novo lipogenesis by the liver, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle. In a number of tissues, uric acid has been shown to stimulate the production of ROS via activation of transforming growth factor β1 and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 4. The role of uric acid in fructose-induced production of ROS in skeletal muscle, however, has not been investigated. This review examines the evidence for fructose-induced production of ROS in skeletal muscle, highlights proposed mechanisms, and identifies gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlengiwe P Madlala
- H.P. Madlala, G.J. Maarman, and E. Ojuka are with the Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Gerald J Maarman
- H.P. Madlala, G.J. Maarman, and E. Ojuka are with the Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Edward Ojuka
- H.P. Madlala, G.J. Maarman, and E. Ojuka are with the Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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127
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Dasilva G, Pazos M, García-Egido E, Pérez-Jiménez J, Torres JL, Giralt M, Nogués MR, Medina I. Lipidomics to analyze the influence of diets with different EPA:DHA ratios in the progression of Metabolic Syndrome using SHROB rats as a model. Food Chem 2016; 205:196-203. [PMID: 27006231 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of specific proportions of ω-3 EPA and DHA, in the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers associated to the progression of Metabolic Syndrome was investigated. Potential inflammatory eicosanoids and docosanoids were discussed together to biomarkers of CVD, obesity, inflammation and oxidative stress in an animal model of metabolic disorders. Results evidenced a noteworthy health effect of 1:1 and 2:1 EPA:DHA proportions over 1:2 EPA:DHA based diets through a down-regulation in the production of strong pro-inflammatory ω-6 eicosanoids, a decrement of biomarkers of oxidative stress, and a modulation of fatty acid desaturase activities and plasma and membrane PUFAs towards greater anti-inflammatory profiles. Outcomes contribute to the general knowledge on the health benefits of marine lipids and their role on the progress of MetS, inflammation and oxidative stress. Results shed light on controversial protective mechanisms of EPA and DHA to better design dietary interventions aimed at reducing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dasilva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology and Research Institute for Food Analysis (I.I.A.A.), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Pazos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Egido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluis Torres
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Giralt
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Nogués
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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128
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Raskin P, Cincotta AH. Bromocriptine-QR therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: developmental basis and therapeutic profile summary. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:113-148. [PMID: 30058874 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2016.1131119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An extended series of studies indicate that endogenous phase shifts in circadian neuronal input signaling to the biological clock system centered within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) facilitates shifts in metabolic status. In particular, a diminution of the circadian peak in dopaminergic input to the peri-SCN facilitates the onset of fattening, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance while reversal of low circadian peak dopaminergic activity to the peri-SCN via direct timed dopamine administration to this area normalizes the obese, insulin resistant, glucose intolerant state in high fat fed animals. Systemic circadian-timed daily administration of a potent dopamine D2 receptor agonist, bromocriptine, to increase diminished circadian peak dopaminergic hypothalamic activity across a wide variety of animal models of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results in improvements in the obese, insulin resistant, glucose intolerant condition by improving hypothalamic fuel sensing and reducing insulin resistance, elevated sympathetic tone, and leptin resistance. A circadian-timed (within 2 hours of waking in the morning) once daily administration of a quick release formulation of bromocriptine (bromocriptine-QR) has been approved for the treatment of T2DM by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Clinical studies with such bromocriptine-QR therapy (1.6 to 4.8 mg/day) indicate that it improves glycemic control by reducing postprandial glucose levels without raising plasma insulin. Across studies of various T2DM populations, bromocriptine-QR has been demonstrated to reduce HbA1c by -0.5 to -1.7. The drug has a good safety profile with transient mild to moderate nausea, headache and dizziness as the most frequent adverse events noted with the medication. In a large randomized clinical study of T2DM subjects, bromocriptine-QR exposure was associated with a 42% hazard ratio reduction of a pre-specified adverse cardiovascular endpoint including myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, revascularization surgery, or unstable angina. Bromocriptine-QR represents a novel method of treating T2DM that may have benefits for cardiovascular disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Raskin
- a Southwestern Medical Center , University of Texas , Dallas , TX , USA
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129
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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130
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Rivas DA, McDonald DJ, Rice NP, Haran PH, Dolnikowski GG, Fielding RA. Diminished anabolic signaling response to insulin induced by intramuscular lipid accumulation is associated with inflammation in aging but not obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R561-9. [PMID: 26764052 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00198.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass is observed in many pathophysiological conditions, including aging and obesity. The loss of muscle mass and function with aging is defined as sarcopenia and is characterized by a mismatch between skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Characteristic metabolic features of both aging and obesity are increases in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content in muscle. IMCL accumulation may play a mechanistic role in the development of anabolic resistance and the progression of muscle atrophy in aging and obesity. In the present study, aged and high-fat fed mice were used to determine mechanisms leading to muscle loss. We hypothesized the accumulation of bioactive lipids in skeletal muscle, such as ceramide or diacylglycerols, leads to insulin resistance with aging and obesity and the inability to activate protein synthesis, contributing to skeletal muscle loss. We report a positive association between bioactive lipid accumulation and the loss of lean mass and muscle strength. Obese and aged animals had significantly higher storage of ceramide and diacylglycerol compared with young. Furthermore, there was an attenuated insulin response in components of the mTOR anabolic signaling pathway. We also observed differential increases in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of IκBα with aging and obesity. These data challenge the accepted role of increased inflammation in obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we have now established IκBα with a novel function in aging-associated muscle loss that may be independent of its previously understood role as an NF-κB inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato A Rivas
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Devin J McDonald
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Nicholas P Rice
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Prashanth H Haran
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Mass Spectrometry Unit; Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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131
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Pang J, Xi C, Huang X, Cui J, Gong H, Zhang T. Effects of Excess Energy Intake on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146675. [PMID: 26745179 PMCID: PMC4706434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess energy intake correlates with the development of metabolic disorders. However, different energy-dense foods have different effects on metabolism. To compare the effects of a high-fat diet, a high-fructose diet and a combination high-fat/high-fructose diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with one of four different diets for 3 months: standard chow; standard diet and access to fructose water; a high fat diet; and a high fat diet with fructose water. After 3 months of feeding, the high-fat and the combined high-fat/high-fructose groups showed significantly increased body weights, accompanied by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance; however, the high-fructose group was not different from the control group. All three energy-dense groups showed significantly higher visceral fat weights, total cholesterol concentrations, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations compared with the control group. Assays of basal metabolism showed that the respiratory quotient of the high-fat, the high-fructose, and the high-fat/high-fructose groups decreased compared with the control group. The present study confirmed the deleterious effect of high energy diets on body weight and metabolism, but suggested that the energy efficiency of the high-fructose diet was much lower than that of the high-fat diet. In addition, fructose supplementation did not worsen the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding alone on metabolism in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tiemei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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132
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Identification of Anti-Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acid IgG Antibodies in Serum of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:196297. [PMID: 26633920 PMCID: PMC4655071 DOI: 10.1155/2015/196297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of serum long chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs) have been associated with inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Dietary SFAs can promote inflammation, the secretion of IgG antibodies, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. This study characterizes anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies from patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum samples from several cohorts with type 2 diabetes were analyzed for the presence of anti-LCSFA IgG, the cytokine IL-1β, and nonesterified fatty acids. Anti-LCSFA IgG was isolated from patient samples and used for in vitro characterization of avidity and specificity. A cohort participating in En Balance, a diabetes health education program that improved diabetes management, tested positive for anti-LCSFA IgG. Following the 3-month program, the cohort showed a significant reduction in anti-LCSFA IgG levels. Anti-LCSFA antibodies isolated from these patients demonstrated high avidity, were specific for long chain SFAs, and correlated with serum fatty acids in patients with managed type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, anti-LCSFA IgG neutralized PA-induced IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells. Our data shows that nonesterified SFAs are recognized by IgG antibodies present in human blood. The identification of anti-LCSFA IgG antibodies in human sera establishes a basis for further exploration of lipid induced immune responses in diabetic patients.
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Co-activator binding protein PIMT mediates TNF-α induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle via the transcriptional down-regulation of MEF2A and GLUT4. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15197. [PMID: 26468734 PMCID: PMC4606566 DOI: 10.1038/srep15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying inflammation induced insulin resistance are poorly understood. Here, we report that the expression of PIMT, a transcriptional co-activator binding protein, was up-regulated in the soleus muscle of high sucrose diet (HSD) induced insulin resistant rats and TNF-α exposed cultured myoblasts. Moreover, TNF-α induced phosphorylation of PIMT at the ERK1/2 target site Ser298. Wild type (WT) PIMT or phospho-mimic Ser298Asp mutant but not phospho-deficient Ser298Ala PIMT mutant abrogated insulin stimulated glucose uptake by L6 myotubes and neonatal rat skeletal myoblasts. Whereas, PIMT knock down relieved TNF-α inhibited insulin signaling. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PIMT differentially regulated the expression of GLUT4, MEF2A, PGC-1α and HDAC5 in cultured cells and skeletal muscle of Wistar rats. Further characterization showed that PIMT was recruited to GLUT4, MEF2A and HDAC5 promoters and overexpression of PIMT abolished the activity of WT but not MEF2A binding defective mutant GLUT4 promoter. Collectively, we conclude that PIMT mediates TNF-α induced insulin resistance at the skeletal muscle via the transcriptional modulation of GLUT4, MEF2A, PGC-1α and HDAC5 genes.
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Liu Y, Cotillard A, Vatier C, Bastard JP, Fellahi S, Stévant M, Allatif O, Langlois C, Bieuvelet S, Brochot A, Guilbot A, Clément K, Rizkalla SW. A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium and Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose and Increases Lean Mass in Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138646. [PMID: 26406981 PMCID: PMC4583280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing or slowing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes is a major therapeutic issue. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the effects of 4-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine in moderately obese or overweight pre-diabetic subjects, the primary outcome being change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. Other parameters of plasma glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, adiposity and inflammatory markers were also assessed. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 62 subjects with a FPG level ranging from 5.55 to 7 mmol/L and a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2), unwilling to change their dietary and physical activity habits, were allocated to receive a 4-month treatment with either 1.2 g/day of the dietary supplement or placebo. Patients were followed up until 6 months post-randomization. RESULTS Four-month treatment with the dietary supplement decreased FPG compared to placebo (-0.24 ± 0.50 vs +0.12 ± 0.59 mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.02), without detectable significant changes in HbA1c. Insulin sensitivity markers, plasma insulin, plasma lipids and inflammatory markers did not differ between the treatment groups. Although there were no significant differences in changes in body weight and energy or macronutrient intakes between the two groups, fat-free mass (%) increased with the dietary supplement compared to placebo (p = 0.02). Subjects with a higher FPG level and a milder inflammatory state at baseline benefited most from the dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS Four-month treatment with a dietary supplement containing cinnamon, chromium and carnosine decreased FPG and increased fat-free mass in overweight or obese pre-diabetic subjects. These beneficial effects might open up new avenues in the prevention of diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01530685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Liu
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cotillard
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Biochemistry and Hormonology Department, Tenon Hospital, 75970, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Biochemistry and Hormonology Department, Tenon Hospital, 75970, Paris, France
| | | | - Omran Allatif
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Karine Clément
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
| | - Salwa W. Rizkalla
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Heart and Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Human Nutrition Research Center—Ile de France, 75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France
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Aquino AE, Sene-Fiorese M, Castro CA, Duarte FO, Oishi JC, Santos GC, Silva KA, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Matheus SM, Duarte ACG, Bagnato VS, Parizotto NA. Can low-level laser therapy when associated to exercise decrease adipocyte area? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Unacylated ghrelin restores insulin and autophagic signaling in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2555-69. [PMID: 26228926 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle detrimentally affects insulin-stimulated disposal of glucose. Restoration of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle is important as muscle is one of the major sites for disposal of blood glucose. Recently, unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) has received attention in diabetic research due to its favorable actions on improving glucose tolerance, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity. The investigation of UnAG has entered phase Ib clinical trial in type 2 diabetes and phase II clinical trial in hyperphagia in Prader-Willi syndrome. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms responsible for the anti-diabetic actions of UnAG remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the effects of UnAG on restoring the impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of db/db diabetic mice. Our results demonstrated that UnAG effectively restored the impaired insulin signaling in diabetic muscle. UnAG decreased insulin receptor substrate (IRS) phosphorylation, increased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and, hence, suppressed mTOR signaling. Consequently, UnAG enhanced Glut4 localization and increased PDH activity in the diabetic skeletal muscle. Intriguingly, our data indicated that UnAG normalized the suppressed autophagic signaling in diabetic muscle. In conclusion, our findings illustrated that UnAG restored the impaired insulin and autophagic signaling in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice, which are valuable to understand the underlying mechanisms of the anti-diabetic action of UnAG at peripheral skeletal muscle level.
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137
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Healthy effect of different proportions of marine ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA supplementation in Wistar rats: Lipidomic biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1385-92. [PMID: 26320676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intervention with ω-3 marine fatty acids may potentially modulate inflammation and oxidative stress markers related with CVD, metabolic syndrome and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different proportions of ω-3 EPA and DHA intake provoke a modulation of the production of lipid mediators and then, an influence on different indexes of inflammation and oxidative stress in a controlled dietary animal experiment using Wistar rats. For such scope, a lipidomic SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS approach previously developed was applied to determine lipid mediators profile in plasma samples. The effect of ω-3 fatty acids associated to different ratios EPA:DHA was compared with the effect exerted by ω-3 ALA supplementation from linseed oil and ω-6 LA from soybean oil. CRP showed a tendency to greater inflammatory status in all ω-3-fed animals. Interestingly, ratios 1:1 and 2:1 EPA:DHA evidenced a noteworthy healthy effect generating a less oxidative environment and modulating LOX and COX activities toward a decrease in the production of proinflammatory ARA eicosanoids and oxidative stress biomarkers from EPA and DHA. In addition, the ability of 1:1 and 2:1 fish oil diets to reduce lipid mediator levels was in concurrence with the protective effect exerted by decreasing inflammatory markers as ω-6/ω-3 ratio in plasma and membranes. It was also highlighted the effect of a higher DHA amount in the diet reducing the healthy benefits described in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress. Results support the antiinflammatory and antioxidative role of fish oils and, particularly, the effect of adequate proportions EPA:DHA.
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138
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Pang J, Cui J, Gong H, Xi C, Zhang TM. Effect of NAD on PARP-mediated insulin sensitivity in oleic acid treated hepatocytes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1607-13. [PMID: 25536389 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High serum free fatty acids levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this lipid toxicity are unclear. To investigate whether PARP1 activation and NAD depletion are involved in the impairment of insulin sensitivity associated with lipotoxicity, HepG2 cells were cultured with 500 μM oleic acid for 48 h. Oleic acid-treated cells exhibited increased ROS generation, lipid accumulation and PARP1 activation. Treatment with the PARP1 inhibitor PJ34 and transfection with PARP1 small interfering RNA both prevented the oleic acid-induced impairment of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with PJ34 reversed the oleic acid-induced decrease in intracellular NAD concentration, while exogenous NAD protected cells against oleic acid-induced insulin insensitivity. Combined NAD and PJ34 administration did not enhance the effects obtained by treatment with either NAD or PJ34 alone. Interestingly, when cells were treated with the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, the protective effects of PJ34 and NAD treatment were diminished. Taken together, these data suggest that NAD depletion by PARP1 activation is essential for the modulation of insulin sensitivity in oleic acid-induced lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, China
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139
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Celastrol Protects against Antimycin A-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:8242-69. [PMID: 25961164 PMCID: PMC6272652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are widely accepted as key hallmarks of obesity-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional roles of an anti-inflammatory compound, celastrol, in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by antimycin A (AMA) in human skeletal muscle cells. We found that celastrol treatment improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake activity of AMA-treated cells, apparently via PI3K/Akt pathways, with significant enhancement of mitochondrial activities. Furthermore, celastrol prevented increased levels of cellular oxidative damage where the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultures cells was greatly reduced. Celastrol significantly increased protein phosphorylation of insulin signaling cascades with amplified expression of AMPK protein and attenuated NF-κB and PKC θ activation in human skeletal muscle treated with AMA. The improvement of insulin signaling pathways by celastrol was also accompanied by augmented GLUT4 protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that celastrol may be advocated for use as a potential therapeutic molecule to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
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140
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Chao H, Li H, Grande R, Lira V, Yan Z, Harris TE, Li C. Involvement of mTOR in Type 2 CRF Receptor Inhibition of Insulin Signaling in Muscle Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:831-41. [PMID: 25875045 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR2) is expressed in skeletal muscle and stimulation of the receptor has been shown to inhibit the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in muscle cells. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this process. In this study, we first showed that both in vivo and in vitro CRFR2 expression in muscle was closely correlated with insulin sensitivity, with elevated receptor levels observed in insulin resistant muscle cells. Stimulation of CRFR2 by urocortin 2 (Ucn 2), a CRFR2-selective ligand, in C2C12 myotubes greatly attenuated insulin-induced glucose uptake. The inhibitory effect of CRFR2 signaling required cAMP production and is involved the mammalian target of rapamycine pathway, as rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effect of CRFR2 stimulation on insulin-induced glucose uptake. Moreover, stimulation of CRFR2 failed to inhibit glucose uptake in muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor, which, similar to insulin, signals through Akt-mediated pathway but is independently of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins to promote glucose uptake. This result argues that CRFR2 signaling modulates insulin's action likely at the levels of IRS. Consistent with this notion, Ucn 2 reduced insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and treatment with rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effect of Ucn 2 on IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of CRFR2 signaling on insulin action is mediated by cAMP in a mammalian target of rapamycine-dependent manner, and IRS-1 is a key nodal point where CRFR2 signaling modulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chao
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Haochen Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Rebecca Grande
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Vitor Lira
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhen Yan
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Chien Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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141
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Samaan MC, Anand SS, Sharma AM, Samjoo IA, Tarnopolsky MA. Sex differences in skeletal muscle phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) levels: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9154. [PMID: 25777795 PMCID: PMC4366049 DOI: 10.1038/srep09154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women have higher adiposity but maintain insulin sensitivity when compared to men. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) inhibits insulin signaling, but it is not known if PTEN regulate insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner. In this cross-sectional study, muscle biopsies from participants in the Molecular Study of Health and Risk in Ethnic Groups (Mol-SHARE) were used to test for sex differences in PTEN expression. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine PTEN gene expression (n = 53), and western blotting detected total and phosphorylated PTEN protein (n = 36). Study participants were comparable in age and body mass index. Women had higher fat mass percentage compared to men (40.25 ± 9.9% in women versus 27.6 ± 8.8% in men; mean difference -0.18, 95%CI (-0.24, -0.11), p-value <0.0001), with similar HOMA-IR (2.46 ± 2.05 in men versus 2.34 ± 3.06 in women; mean difference 0.04; 95% CI (-0.12, 0.21), p-value 0.59). Women had significant downregulation of PTEN gene expression (p-value 0.01) and upregulation of PTEN protein phosphorylation (inactivation) (p-value 0.001) when compared to men after correction for age, ethnicity, HOMA-IR, fat mass and sex. We conclude that the downregulation of muscle PTEN may explain the retention of insulin sensitivity with higher adiposity in women compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constantine Samaan
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada [2] Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- 1] Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada [2] Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada [4] Department of Clinical Epidemiology/Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Imtiaz A Samjoo
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Li HB, Yang YRY, Mo ZJ, Ding Y, Jiang WJ. Silibinin improves palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes by attenuating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:440-6. [PMID: 25760026 PMCID: PMC4445668 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of silibinin, the principal potential
anti-inflammatory flavonoid contained in silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans
extracted from Silybum marianum seeds, on palmitate-induced insulin
resistance in C2C12 myotubes and its potential molecular mechanisms. Silibinin
prevented the decrease of insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG
(2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose) uptake and the
downregulation of glutamate transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation in C2C12
myotubes induced by palmitate. Meanwhile, silibinin suppressed the palmitate-induced
decrease of insulin-stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, which was reversed by
wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). We also
found that palmitate downregulated insulin-stimulated Tyr632 phosphorylation of
insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and up-regulated IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation.
These effects were rebalanced by silibinin. Considering several serine/threonine
kinases reported to phosphorylate IRS-1 at Ser307, treatment with silibinin
downregulated the phosphorylation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear
factor-κB kinase β (IKKβ), which was increased by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes
mediating inflammatory status, whereas the phosphorylation of PKC-θ was not
significantly modulated by silibinin. Collectively, the results indicated that
silibinin prevented inhibition of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, thus ameliorating
palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y R Y Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z J Mo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - W J Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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143
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Bhaswant M, Poudyal H, Brown L. Mechanisms of enhanced insulin secretion and sensitivity with n-3 unsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:571-84. [PMID: 25841249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The widespread acceptance that increased dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), improve health is based on extensive studies in animals, isolated cells and humans. Visceral adiposity is part of the metabolic syndrome, together with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation. Alleviation of metabolic syndrome requires normalization of insulin release and responses. This review assesses our current knowledge of the mechanisms that allow n-3 PUFAs to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity. EPA has been more extensively studied than either ALA or DHA. The complex actions of EPA include increased G-protein-receptor-mediated release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine L-cells in the intestine, up-regulation of the apelin pathway and down-regulation of other control pathways to promote insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells, together with suppression of inflammatory responses to adipokines, inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α actions and prevention of decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion to improve peripheral insulin responses. The receptors involved and the mechanisms of action probably differ for ALA and DHA, with antiobesity effects predominating for ALA and anti-inflammatory effects for DHA. Modifying both GLP-1 release and the actions of adipokines by n-3 PUFAs could lead to additive improvements in both insulin secretion and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Bhaswant
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention & Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3021, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Hemant Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
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144
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Deer J, Koska J, Ozias M, Reaven P. Dietary models of insulin resistance. Metabolism 2015; 64:163-71. [PMID: 25441706 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a significant factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the connection between the Western diet and the development of insulin resistance has not been fully explained. Dietary macronutrient composition has been examined in a number of articles, and diets enriched in saturated fatty acids, and possibly in fructose, appear to be most consistently associated with the development of insulin resistance. However, mechanistic insights into the metabolic effects of such diets are lacking, and merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Deer
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892.
| | - Juraj Koska
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892
| | - Marlies Ozias
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892
| | - Peter Reaven
- Department of Endocrinology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, 650 E Indian School Road Mail Code 111E, Phoenix, AZ 85012-1892
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145
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Abu Bakar MH, Sarmidi MR, Cheng KK, Ali Khan A, Suan CL, Zaman Huri H, Yaakob H. Metabolomics – the complementary field in systems biology: a review on obesity and type 2 diabetes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1742-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper highlights the metabolomic roles in systems biology towards the elucidation of metabolic mechanisms in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA)
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
- Department of Biosciences
| | - Chua Lee Suan
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor Bahru
- Malaysia
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146
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Litvinova L, Kirienkova E, Mazunin I, Vasilenko M, Fattakhov N. Insulin resistance pathogenesis in metabolic obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:70-82. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance concomitant with metabolic inflammation. We also analyze the world results of experimental and clinical studies which aimed at identifying the molecular targets for the development of new prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.S. Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - E.V. Kirienkova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - I.O. Mazunin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - M.A. Vasilenko
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - N.S. Fattakhov
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
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147
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Emamgholipour S, Moradi N, Beigy M, Shabani P, Fadaei R, Poustchi H, Doosti M. The association of circulating levels of complement-C1q TNF-related protein 5 (CTRP5) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a case-control study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:108. [PMID: 26613006 PMCID: PMC4660841 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-established that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Complement-C1q TNF-related protein 5 (CTRP5) is a novel adipokine involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. We aimed to assess plasma levels of CTRP5 in patients with NAFLD (n = 22), T2DM (n = 22) and NAFLD with T2DM (NAFLD + T2DM) (n = 22) in comparison with healthy subjects (n = 21) and also to study the association between CTRP5 levels and NAFLD and diabetes-related parameters. METHODS All subjects underwent anthropometric assessment, biochemical evaluation and liver stiffness (LS) measurement. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Plasma CTRP5 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found significantly lower plasma levels of CTRP5 in patients with NAFLD + T2DM, NAFLD and T2DM (122.52 ± 1.92, 124.7 ± 1.82 and 118.31 ± 1.99 ng/ml, respectively) in comparison with controls (164.96 ± 2.95 ng/ml). In the whole study population, there was a significant negative correlations between CTRP5 and body mass index (r = -0.337; p = 0.002), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r = -0.488; p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (r = -0.245; p = 0.031), HOMA-IR (r = -0.492; p < 0.001), insulin(r = -0.338; p = 0.002), LS (r = -0.544; p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = -0.251; p = 0.027), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = -0.352; p = 0.002) and waist circumference (WC) (r = -0.357; p = 0.001). After adjustment for BMI, decrease in circulating levels of CTRP5 remained as a significant risk factor for NAFLD, T2DM and NAFLD + T2DM. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of circulating CTRP5 in predicting NAFLD and T2DM demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.763 in T2DM, and 0.659 in NAFLD + T2DM. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the decreased levels of CTRP5 contribute to the increased risk of T2DM and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Emamgholipour
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maani Beigy
- />Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shabani
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- />Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Doosti
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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148
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Bakar MHA, Sarmidi MR, Kai CK, Huri HZ, Yaakob H. Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes via inhibition of NF-κB pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22227-57. [PMID: 25474091 PMCID: PMC4284705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways is among the inflammatory mechanism involved in the development of insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues derived from obese animal and human subjects. Nevertheless, little is known about the roles of NF-κB pathways in regulating mitochondrial function of the adipose tissues. In the present study, we sought to investigate the direct effects of celastrol (potent NF-κB inhibitor) upon mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Celastrol ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction by altering mitochondrial fusion and fission in adipocytes. The levels of oxidative DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation were down-regulated. Further, the morphology and quantification of intracellular lipid droplets revealed the decrease of intracellular lipid accumulation with reduced lipolysis. Moreover, massive production of the pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were markedly depleted. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake activity was restored with the enhancement of insulin signaling pathways. This study signified that the treatments modulated towards knockdown of NF-κB transcription factor may counteract these metabolic insults exacerbated in our model of synergy between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. These results demonstrate for the first time that NF-κB inhibition modulates mitochondrial dysfunction induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
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149
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Coquart JB, Boitel G, Borel B, Matran R, Mounier-Vehier C, Garcin M. Effects of a training program at the crossover point on the cluster of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors. J Exerc Sci Fit 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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150
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Meshkani R, Sadeghi A, Taheripak G, Zarghooni M, Gerayesh-Nejad S, Bakhtiyari S. Rosiglitazone, a PPARγagonist, ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance and apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:683-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | | | - Siavash Gerayesh-Nejad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran IR Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Ilam University of Medical Sciences; Ilam IR Iran
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