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Soraci L, Lattanzio F, Soraci G, Gambuzza ME, Pulvirenti C, Cozza A, Corsonello A, Luciani F, Rezza G. COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:608. [PMID: 35455357 PMCID: PMC9025326 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective but not able to keep the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic completely under control. Alternative R&D strategies are required to induce a long-lasting immunological response and to reduce adverse events as well as to favor rapid development and large-scale production. Several technological platforms have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and virus-like particles. In general, mRNA vaccines, protein-based vaccines, and vectored vaccines have shown a high level of protection against COVID-19. However, the mutation-prone nature of the spike (S) protein affects long-lasting vaccine protection and its effectiveness, and vaccinated people can become infected with new variants, also showing high virus levels. In addition, adverse effects may occur, some of them related to the interaction of the S protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Thus, there are some concerns that need to be addressed and challenges regarding logistic problems, such as strict storage at low temperatures for some vaccines. In this review, we discuss the limits of vaccines developed against COVID-19 and possible innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giulia Soraci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maria Elsa Gambuzza
- Territorial Office of Messina, Italian Ministry of Health, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Cozza
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Filippo Luciani
- Infectious Diseases Unit of Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Health Prevention Directorate, Italian Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy;
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Arumugam M, Haja Najimudeen RB, Vijayan A, Sathyamoorthy B, Patole PS. A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 outbreak in Indian population. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 76:103554. [PMID: 35382427 PMCID: PMC8972981 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Presently India is the second most populous country in the world with an estimated population of 1.4 billion people and has recently been affected by COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent mutant viral outbreak. To date, India has administered its population with over 1.30 billion cumulative doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The consequences of COVID-19 vaccination on the outbreak in India has not been reported until now. Therefore, we probed to assess the impact of COVID-19 outbreak in India from December 2019 to December 2021. Methods Indian COVID-19 related data were extracted from "ourworldindata.org" and "cowin.gov.in" databases. The incidence rate of COVID-19 per million people was calculated and other parameters such as new cases, positive rate, reproduction rate, new death and stringency index values were extracted from the database for statistical analysis. Results Data indicate that the COVID-19 positive rate declined as the number of vaccinations rose over time. The Pearson correlation values between new cases and the cumulative percentage of vaccination or the percentage of fully vaccinated population showed no correlation (P < 0.01). COVID-19 vaccination has significantly decreased the R-value and positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in India (P < 0.01). Furthermore, containment measures showed no correlation with the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 in India which may be in contradictory to the global trends. Conclusion Vaccination against COVID-19 was efficacious in the control of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the decrease in the positive rate. Further, the containment measures had no effect on the spread of COVID-19 infection in India, thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Arumugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Raleena Begum Haja Najimudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Arya Vijayan
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Prashant S. Patole
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
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Tang KT, Hsu BC, Chen DY. Immunogenicity, Effectiveness, and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Rheumatic Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040834. [PMID: 35453585 PMCID: PMC9030402 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccination is one of the most important measures worldwide to halt the spread of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the efficacy and safety of these vaccines in rheumatic patients are not well explored. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We performed a literature search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases on 17 November 2021. Forty-seven studies relevant to the immunogenicity, efficacy/effectiveness, and safety of COVID-19 vaccines were selected. Results: Our results demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination is effective in protecting rheumatic patients from severe illness caused by the virus. Both the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of vaccines were impaired in rheumatic patients, which were greatly enhanced after the second vaccine dose. Receiving anti-CD20 therapy was associated with impaired humoral immunogenicity. Adverse events due to COVID-19 vaccines in rheumatic patients were similar to those in healthy controls, except for an increased incidence of arthralgia. The incidence of disease flares after COVID-19 vaccination was low. Conclusion: Our systematic review indicated the importance of full vaccination in rheumatic patients. Withholding anti-CD20 therapy was found to be potentially beneficial for the immunogenicity. Furthermore, the vaccines were found to be safe in general. Despite significant heterogeneity between studies, we recommend that rheumatic patients receive these vaccines amidst the global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Chueh Hsu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital Puli Branch, Nantou 545, Taiwan;
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 4628); Fax: +886-4-22073812
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Adverse Events Following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Immunization among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Johor, Malaysia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040509. [PMID: 35455258 PMCID: PMC9031399 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was declared as pandemic in early 2020. While several studies reported the short-term adverse events (AE) of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, medium-term AE have not been extensively evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month side effect profiles of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital. Hospital workers who received two doses of the Cominarty (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine, six months post-vaccination, were invited to participate in this study. All participants completed a self-reported survey assessing AEs occurrence and severity, duration of onset and recovery and if they previously reported these AEs. Results: Of the 670 respondents who completed the survey, 229 (34.2%) experienced at least one AEs, with a total of 937 AEs reported during the 6-month period. After the first dose, the most common reported localized symptoms were pain (n = 106, 27.2%), swelling (n = 38, 9.8%) and erythematous (n = 12, 3.1%) at injection site. Systemic symptoms reported include fatigue (n = 72, 18.5%), fever (n = 55, 14.1%) and headache (n = 46, 11.8%). After the second dose, pain at site of injection (n = 112, 20.4%), swelling (n = 42, 7.7%) and erythematous (n = 14, 2.6%) were among the localized AE reported, while fever (n = 121, 22.1%), fatigue (n = 101, 18.4%) and headache (n = 61, 11.1%) were the most common systemic AE. The proportion of respondents who experienced moderate (first dose: 156 events; second dose: 272 events) and severe (1st dose: 21 events; 2nd dose: 30 events) AEs were higher after the second dose. Most AEs commonly resolved within 1–2 days, and none required hospitalization. No new onset of AE was observed 7 days post-vaccination. A total of 137 (59.8%) participants did not proceed to formal AE reporting. Conclusion: Most of the AEs reported were of mild to moderate intensity and short-term, consistent with those reported in previous studies. No medium-term finding was detected in the survey. AE reporting was not routinely performed, necessitating the attention of health authorities in order to enhance pharmacovigilance.
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Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Anton N, Timofte SI, Ilea C. Mathematical Modeling to Predict COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Trends. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061737. [PMID: 35330062 PMCID: PMC8956009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 placed the health systems around the entire world in a battle against the clock. While most of the existing studies aimed at forecasting the infections trends, our study focuses on vaccination trend(s). Material and methods: Based on these considerations, we used standard analyses and ARIMA modeling to predict possible scenarios in Romania, the second-lowest country regarding vaccinations from the entire European Union. Results: With approximately 16 million doses of vaccine against COVID-19 administered, 7,791,250 individuals had completed the vaccination scheme. From the total, 5,058,908 choose Pfizer−BioNTech, 399,327 Moderna, 419,037 AstraZeneca, and 1,913,978 Johnson & Johnson. With a cumulative 2147 local and 17,542 general adverse reactions, the most numerous were reported in recipients of Pfizer−BioNTech (1581 vs. 8451), followed by AstraZeneca (138 vs. 6033), Moderna (332 vs. 1936), and Johnson & Johnson (96 vs. 1122). On three distinct occasions have been reported >50,000 individuals who received the first or second dose of a vaccine and >30,000 of a booster dose in a single day. Due to high reactogenicity in case of AZD1222, and time of launching between the Pfizer−BioNTech and Moderna vaccine could be explained differences in terms doses administered. Furthermore, ARIMA(1,1,0), ARIMA(1,1,1), ARIMA(0,2,0), ARIMA(2,1,0), ARIMA(1,2,2), ARI-MA(2,2,2), ARIMA(0,2,2), ARIMA(2,2,2), ARIMA(1,1,2), ARIMA(2,2,2), ARIMA(2,1,1), ARIMA(2,2,1), and ARIMA (2,0,2) for all twelve months and in total fitted the best models. These were regarded according to the lowest MAPE, p-value (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001) and through the Ljung−Box test (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001) for autocorrelations. Conclusions: Statistical modeling and mathematical analyses are suitable not only for forecasting the infection trends but the course of a vaccination rate as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (N.A.); (C.I.)
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicoleta Anton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (N.A.); (C.I.)
| | - Sergiu-Ioan Timofte
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (N.A.); (C.I.)
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Safety Profile of COVID-19 Vaccines among Healthcare Workers in Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030434. [PMID: 35335066 PMCID: PMC8949184 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the safety profiles (prevalence of both local and systemic side effects) of COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer−BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford−AstraZeneca) among healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, and pharmacists) administered with a first and a second dose of the vaccines. Another goal of the research was to evaluate potential demographic and clinical risk factors for the frequency and intensity of side effects. A post-marketing, cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out on a sample of 971 respondents (323 doctors, 324 nurses, and 324 pharmacists), all more than 18 years old, who have taken two doses of the following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: BNT162b2 (Pfizer−BioNTech) (group 1), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (group 2), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford−AstraZeneca) (group 3). A validated, self-administered questionnaire was developed and delivered online to the target population group of healthcare workers. The survey was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 (1 February 2021−1 July 2021) pandemic. It was based on the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method. Questionnaires were disseminated using selected social media. The BNT162b2 (Pfizer−BioNTech) vaccine was the most commonly administered COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare professionals in Poland (69.61%). Side effects following a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were reported by 53.11% of respondents in group 1, 72% in group 2, and 67.59% in group 3. The following were the most common side effects regardless of the type of vaccine administered: pain at the injection site, headache, muscle pain, fever, chills, and fatigue. The number and intensity of reported side effects following administration of a BNT162b2 (Pfizer−BioNTech) vaccine were significantly lower than in the other two study groups (p < 0.00001). Risk factors for side effects following administration of one of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines subject to the analysis included being female, young, and suffering from a diagnosed allergy. Our results clearly show that the short-term safety profiles of the eligible COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer−BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford−AstraZeneca) are acceptable. Nevertheless, the two-dose COVID-19 vaccines available in Poland differ significantly in the frequency of both local and systemic side effects and their intensity. Women, young people, and patients diagnosed with allergies are particularly exposed to the risk of side effects. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Jafari A, Danesh Pouya F, Niknam Z, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rasmi Y. Current advances and challenges in COVID-19 vaccine development: from conventional vaccines to next-generation vaccine platforms. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4943-4957. [PMID: 35235159 PMCID: PMC8890022 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is grappling with an unprecedented public health crisis COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high transmission/mortality rates and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19, its control is crucial. In the absence of specific treatment, vaccines represent the most efficient way to control and stop the pandemic. Many companies around the world are currently making efforts to develop the vaccine to combat COVID-19. This review outlines key strategies for generating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, along with the mechanism of action, advantages, and potential limitations of each vaccine. The use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology for COVID-19 vaccines development will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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108
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Liang CK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, Meng LC, Hsiao FY, Chen LK. COVID-19 Vaccines in Older Adults: Challenges in Vaccine Development and Policy-Making. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:605-620. [PMID: 35868676 PMCID: PMC8934735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ning Peng
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chieh Meng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan.
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109
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Bartoszek K, Okrój M. Controversies around the statistical presentation of data on mRNA-COVID 19 vaccine safety in pregnant women. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 151:103503. [PMID: 35276571 PMCID: PMC8894688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The work entitled "Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons" published on April 21, 2021, in The New England Journal of Medicine, presented data collected from American surveillance systems and registries. However, problems with an unanimous interpretation of those results appeared in the public debate and citing articles. Some stated that the risk of miscarriage in vaccinated women was similar to historical values reported before the vaccines’ approval. The others stated that risk was highly above-normative in women vaccinated during the first and second trimesters. We found several problems with the statistical treatment/interpretation of the originally presented values: a substantial percentage (up to 95.6%) of missing data, an incorrect denominator used for risk estimation, and too short follow-up that disabled the evaluation of the study's endpoint in numerous participants. Eventually, the Authors published a corrigendum on September 8, 2021, and pointed to updated data. Herein, we explain the statistical controversies raised by the original presentation and stress that analyzing the trade-off between knowledge and confusion brought by the release of incomplete results of such a high social interest, should aid in solving the dilemma of whether to publish preliminary data or none.
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110
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Jose M, Rajmohan P, Thomas J, Krishna S, Antony B, U G U, M I E, M P R, Jose P, Raphael L, Kuttichira P. Active Symptom-Based Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization among Individuals Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine in a Tertiary Hospital of Kerala. Curr Drug Saf 2022; 17:327-334. [PMID: 35135453 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220207120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reports on adverse experiences following vaccination are scanty from India. It is important to know the real-world post-vaccination experience outside of clinical trial conditions Objectives: To estimate the incidence of adverse events following immunization with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccine and to identify the predictors for development of vaccine adverse events. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted among health care workers who received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccine. Study participants were monitored at the site for 30 min following vaccination and were followed up for 7 days after receiving the second dose, with a purpose-specific designed online surveillance form to enquire about any adverse events following vaccination. We used the Chi-squared test for categorical variables and multivariate regression analysis to identify predictors for the development of vaccine adverse effects. RESULTS Of 411 participants, the mean age was 30.77 ± 12.5 years and 76.2% were females. Overall, 207 (50.4%) respondents reported at least one post-vaccination symptom receiving either dose of coronavirus vaccination. Fever (34.8%), local pain at the injection site (28.0%), tiredness (25.5%), chills (20%), myalgia (18.7%), headache (17.8%), injection site stiffness (5.4%), joint pain (4.6%) and nausea-vomiting (3.8%) were the most prevalent symptoms following the first dose. Adverse reactions reported after the second dose were milder and less frequent. Post-vaccination symptoms were more likely in the younger age group, those with comorbidity particularly, bronchial asthma and who had a history of allergy to food/drugs. CONCLUSION All the adverse reactions were of a minor type and non-serious. Side effects were less common in older adults (>60 years). Reactions to the second dose were lesser in intensity and frequency. Younger age, history of allergy, and comorbidities, particularly asthma were found to be major predictors for the development of adverse events and require more watchful vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Priyanka Rajmohan
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Joe Thomas
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Swathi Krishna
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Beena Antony
- Department of Nursing, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Unnikrishnan U G
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Elsy M I
- Department of Pharmacology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Raphael M P
- Department of Pharmacology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Ponnu Jose
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Lucy Raphael
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
| | - Praveenlal Kuttichira
- Department of Psychiatry, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680005
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111
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Chakraborty A, Reval N, Kamath L. Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Selected Apartments in Bangalore, India. Cureus 2022; 14:e21809. [PMID: 35291520 PMCID: PMC8896841 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination has provided a ray of hope in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccines were rolled out as an emergency measure, with an expedited approval process. The available clinical trial data reveals the fact that vaccines mostly produce mild adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Since the experiences are relatively new, it is important to monitor safety in a real-world setting. With this background, this survey was conducted. Methods This cross-sectional study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IEC) of Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre. This was conducted over a period of four months at select apartment complexes around Whitefield, Bangalore. The participants were invited to fill up data through online Google Forms (Google, Mountain View, CA, USA). They were requested to provide demographic details, information related to vaccination, and AEFIs. Eligibility to participate included recipients of vaccines who received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in India. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.00 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Results The total number of participants in the study was 322. Out of this, 37.6% (121) were males and 62.4% (201) were females. The mean age of the participants was 34.9 ± 12.4 (mean ± standard deviation (SD) years. About 30% (96) of the study participants had comorbidities. Overall, 67.4% (217) of the participants suffered from AEFI. Of them, immediate reactions were reported by 18.3% (59) and 10.2% (32) of the participants after the first and second doses, respectively. A total of 0.9% (3) of the participants had immediate allergic reactions. The most common local and systemic AEFIs were pain at the injection site and extreme tiredness. AEFIs were found to be mild and with a probable association with vaccination as per the WHO scale. The number of females experiencing AEFIs was found to be higher when compared with males for both local and systemic reactions. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of individuals experiencing general adverse effects following the first dose of CovishieldTM (Serum Institute of India Private Limited, Pune, India) when compared with CovaxinTM (Bharat Biotech Limited, Hyderabad, India) (P < 0.05). Of the participants, 5.9% (19) were diagnosed with COVID-19 post-vaccination. Among them, 15.8% (3) required hospitalization, with 10.5% (2) of them requiring an oxygen bed. It was observed that 76.5% (166) of the participants did not report their reactions to concerned authorities. Conclusion Based on our sample, the study reflects that COVID-19 vaccination causes mild AEFI in most vaccine recipients. It also provides an insight that reporting of AEFI is very low. It is, therefore, important to take up more awareness campaigns about reporting of AEFIs through the COVID Vaccine Intelligence Network (CoWIN) portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chakraborty
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Nishith Reval
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Latha Kamath
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
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Ghoshouni H, Bagherieh S, Parvizinia M, Askari M, Sadeghi M, Mirmosayyeb O. Unraveling the Mystery of COVID-19 Postvaccination Myocarditis: A Systematic Review of Current Cases. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:2438913. [PMID: 35685560 PMCID: PMC9159134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2438913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From the early stages of the pandemic, the development and mass production of a safe and effective vaccine seemed like the greatest tool, to win the fight against the virus. In the present study, we comprehensively conducted a systematic review of all current cases worldwide to better understand whether there is a link between COVID-19 vaccination and one of the most devastating complications, cardiac Inflammation. Our search retrieved over 250 results, of which 130 met the inclusion criteria, and their respective data were extracted. The results suggest that postvaccination myocarditis and pericarditis are more likely to be seen in male, younger, and mRNA-vaccinated individuals. Most affected patients experienced symptoms following the second shot, and complaint of chest pain was the most prevalent presentation. Currently, no direct link can be drawn between the vaccines and the risk of cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghoshouni
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Bagherieh
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhde Askari
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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113
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Orfanoudaki E, Zacharopoulou E, Kitsou V, Karmiris K, Theodoropoulou A, Mantzaris GJ, Tzouvala M, Michopoulos S, Zampeli E, Michalopoulos G, Karatzas P, Viazis N, Liatsos C, Bamias G, Koutroubakis IE. Real-World Use and Adverse Events of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Greek Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030641. [PMID: 35160092 PMCID: PMC8836981 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were excluded from vaccine authorization studies, limited knowledge exists regarding perceptions and unfavorable effects of COVID-19 vaccination in this group. We aimed to investigate the real-world use and adverse events (AEs) of COVID-19 vaccines in Greek IBD patients. Fully vaccinated IBD patients followed in Greek centers were invited to participate. All patients filled out an anonymous online survey concerning the vaccination program, which included information regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, vaccination perceptions and potential AEs. Overall, 1007 IBD patients were included. Vaccine hesitancy was reported by 49%. Total AEs to vaccination were reported by 81% after dose 1 (D1) and 76% after dose 2 (D2), including isolated injection site reactions (36% and 24% respectively). Systemic AEs were more common after D2 (51%, D2 vs. 44%, D1, p < 0.0001). Very few patients reported new onset abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain 4% (D1), 6% (D2) and diarrhea 5% (D1), 7% (D2)). There were no serious AEs leading to emergency room visit or hospitalization. In multivariate analysis, AEs occurrence was positively associated with young age and female gender (p < 0.0005 for both doses), whereas inactive disease was negatively associated with AE in D1 (p = 0.044). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Greek IBD patients demonstrated a favorable and reassuring safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Orfanoudaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810392745; Fax: +30-2810542085
| | - Eirini Zacharopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Ag. Panteleimon”-General Hospital Dytikis Attikis “Agia Varvara”, 12351 Athens, Greece; (E.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Vassiliki Kitsou
- Gastroenterology Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univeristy of Athens, “Sotiria” General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Konstantinos Karmiris
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelio General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Angeliki Theodoropoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizelio General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Gerassimos J. Mantzaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Evaggelismos-Polykliniki, 10676 Athens, Greece; (G.J.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Ag. Panteleimon”-General Hospital Dytikis Attikis “Agia Varvara”, 12351 Athens, Greece; (E.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Spyridon Michopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Alexandra”, 11528 Athens, Greece; (S.M.); (E.Z.)
| | - Evanthia Zampeli
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Alexandra”, 11528 Athens, Greece; (S.M.); (E.Z.)
| | - Georgios Michalopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Piraeus “Tzaneio”, Piraeus, 18536 Athens, Greece;
| | - Pantelis Karatzas
- Department of Gastroenterology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos Viazis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens, Evaggelismos-Polykliniki, 10676 Athens, Greece; (G.J.M.); (N.V.)
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Gastroenterology Department, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastroenterology Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian Univeristy of Athens, “Sotiria” General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Ioannis E. Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
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Kraynyak KA, Blackwood E, Agnes J, Tebas P, Giffear M, Amante D, Reuschel EL, Purwar M, Christensen-Quick A, Liu N, Andrade VM, Diehl MC, Wani S, Lupicka M, Sylvester A, Morrow MP, Pezzoli P, McMullan T, Kulkarni AJ, Zaidi FI, Frase D, Liaw K, Smith TRF, Ramos SJ, Ervin J, Adams M, Lee J, Dallas M, Brown AS, Shea JE, Kim JJ, Weiner DB, Broderick KE, Humeau LM, Boyer JD, Mammen MP. SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine INO-4800 Induces Durable Immune Responses Capable of Being Boosted in a Phase 1 Open-Label Trial. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1923-1932. [PMID: 35079784 PMCID: PMC8807286 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are safe and effective as primary vaccines and boosters remain urgently needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe the safety and durability of the immune responses following two primary doses and a homologous booster dose of an investigational DNA vaccine (INO-4800) targeting the full-length spike antigen.
Methods
Three dosage strengths of INO-4800 (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 2.0 mg) were evaluated in 120 age-stratified healthy adults. Intradermal injection of INO-4800 followed by electroporation at 0 and 4 weeks preceded an optional booster 6-10.5 months after the second dose.
Results
INO-4800 appeared well tolerated, with no treatment-related serious adverse events. Most adverse events were mild and did not increase in frequency with age and subsequent dosing. A durable antibody response was observed 6 months following the second dose; a homologous booster dose significantly increased immune responses. Cytokine producing T cells and activated CD8+ T cells with lytic potential were significantly increased in the 2.0 mg dose group.
Conclusion
INO-4800 was well tolerated in a 2-dose primary series and as a homologous booster in all adults, including the elderly. These results support further development of INO-4800 for use as a primary vaccine and as a booster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Agnes
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Giffear
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Dinah Amante
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Emma L Reuschel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mansi Purwar
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Neiman Liu
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Snehal Wani
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Faraz I Zaidi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - John Ervin
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mark Adams
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessica Lee
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean D Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
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115
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Lai FTT, Huang L, Chui CSL, Wan EYF, Li X, Wong CKH, Chan EWW, Ma T, Lum DH, Leung JCN, Luo H, Chan EWY, Wong ICK. Multimorbidity and adverse events of special interest associated with Covid-19 vaccines in Hong Kong. Nat Commun 2022; 13:411. [PMID: 35058463 PMCID: PMC8776841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research using electronic health records for Covid-19 vaccine safety monitoring typically focuses on specific disease groups and excludes individuals with multimorbidity, defined as ≥2 chronic conditions. We examine the potential additional risk of adverse events 28 days after the first dose of CoronaVac or Comirnaty imposed by multimorbidity. Using a territory-wide public healthcare database with population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong, we analyze a retrospective cohort of patients with chronic conditions. Thirty adverse events of special interest according to the World Health Organization are examined. In total, 883,416 patients are included and 2,807 (0.3%) develop adverse events. Results suggest vaccinated patients have lower risks of adverse events than unvaccinated individuals, multimorbidity is associated with increased risks regardless of vaccination, and the association of vaccination with adverse events is not modified by multimorbidity. To conclude, we find no evidence that multimorbidity imposes extra risks of adverse events following Covid-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Celine Sze Ling Chui
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xue Li
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carlos King Ho Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Edward Wai Wa Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dawn Hei Lum
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Ching Nam Leung
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Esther Wai Yin Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
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Qin C, Wang R, Tao L, Liu M, Liu J. Acceptance of a Third Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors in China Based on Health Belief Model: A National Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010089. [PMID: 35062750 PMCID: PMC8780099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infections are returning to many countries because of the emergence of variants or declining antibody levels provided by vaccines. An additional dose of vaccination is recommended to be a considerable supplementary intervention. We aim to explore public acceptance of the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and related influencing factors in China. This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population among 31 provinces in November, 2021. We collected information on basic characteristics, vaccination knowledge and attitudes, and vaccine-related health beliefs of the participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the acceptance of a third COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 93.7% (95% CI: 92.9–94.6%) of 3119 Chinese residents were willing to receive a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Individuals with low level of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, cues to action cues, and high level of perceived barriers, old age, low educational level, low monthly household income, and low knowledge score on COVID-19 were less likely to have the acceptance of a third dose of COVID-19 (all p < 0.05). In the multivariable logistic regression model, acceptance of the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine was mainly related to previous vaccination history [Sinopharm BBIP (aOR = 6.55, 95% CI 3.30–12.98), Sinovac (aOR = 5.22, 95% CI:2.72–10.02), Convidecia (aOR = 5.80, 95% CI: 2.04–16.48)], high level of perceived susceptibility (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.48–4.31) and high level of action cues (aOR = 23.66, 95% CI: 9.97–56.23). Overall, residents in China showed a high willingness to accept the third dose of COVID-19 vaccines, which can help vaccine manufacturers in China to manage the vaccine production and distribution for the huge domestic and international vaccine demand. Relevant institutions could increase people’s willingness to booster shots by increasing initial COVID-19 vaccination rates, public’s perception of COVID-19 susceptibility and cues to action through various strategies and channels. Meanwhile, it also has certain reference significance for other countries to formulate vaccine promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Q.); (R.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Ruitong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Q.); (R.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Q.); (R.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Q.); (R.W.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-82805146
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Aelita K, Roksolana K, Liliia B, Oksana L. Vaccine Prevention of Tuberculosis in Children: Outstanding Issues Family Medicine Systems in Ukraine. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/omcaxt87je] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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118
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Iqbal S, Adnan G, Farhad A, Ahmed I, Rahman MN. Acute Myocardial Infarction After Coronavirus Vaccine: A Rare Adverse Effect. Cureus 2022; 14:e21544. [PMID: 35223317 PMCID: PMC8865600 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old male presented to the emergency department with left arm and jaw pain for three hours which started 90 minutes after receiving the first dose of Moderna vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). He had a prior history of ischemic heart disease. Initial investigations confirmed the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. The patient was managed for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention to the right posterior descending artery was done, and he was discharged after two days of hospital stay. As the patient was doing well for many years and was compliant with medications, this event was likely triggered by the coronavirus vaccine. Healthcare providers should be aware of the side effects of the vaccine and further investigations should be carried out in high-risk patients before vaccination. However, worldwide coronavirus vaccination programs play a significant role to halt this pandemic and these rare adverse side effects of the vaccine should never discourage people from the vaccination but monitoring of evolving data by the concerned authorities is very important so that these events can be prevented in future.
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Janssen YF, Feitsma EA, Boersma HH, Alleva DG, Lancaster TM, Sathiyaseelan T, Murikipudi S, Delpero AR, Scully MM, Ragupathy R, Kotha S, Haworth JR, Shah NJ, Rao V, Nagre S, Ronca SE, Green FM, Aminetzah A, Sollie F, Kruijff S, Brom M, van Dam GM, Zion TC. Phase I interim results of a phase I/II study of the IgG-Fc fusion COVID-19 subunit vaccine, AKS-452. Vaccine 2022; 40:1253-1260. [PMID: 35115195 PMCID: PMC8802018 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a recombinant subunit vaccine, AKS-452, is being developed comprising an Fc fusion protein of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein receptor binding domain (SP/RBD) antigen and human IgG1 Fc emulsified in the water-in-oil adjuvant, Montanide™ ISA 720. A single-center, open-label, phase I dose-finding and safety study was conducted with 60 healthy adults (18–65 years) receiving one or two doses 28 days apart of 22.5 µg, 45 µg, or 90 µg of AKS-452 (i.e., six cohorts, N = 10 subjects per cohort). Primary endpoints were safety and reactogenicity and secondary endpoints were immunogenicity assessments. No AEs ≥ 3, no SAEs attributable to AKS-452, and no SARS-CoV-2 viral infections occurred during the study. Seroconversion rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 SP/RBD IgG titers in the 22.5, 45, and 90 µg cohorts at day 28 were 70%, 90%, and 100%, respectively, which all increased to 100% at day 56 (except 89% for the single-dose 22.5 µg cohort). All IgG titers were Th1-isotype skewed and efficiently bound mutant SP/RBD from several SARS-CoV-2 variants with strong neutralization potencies of live virus infection of cells (including alpha and delta variants). The favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles of this phase I study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04681092) support phase II initiation of this room-temperature stable vaccine that can be rapidly and inexpensively manufactured to serve vaccination at a global scale without the need of a complex distribution or cold chain.
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Liu J, Huang B, Li G, Chang X, Liu Y, Chu K, Hu J, Deng Y, Zhu D, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang M, Huang W, Pan H, Tan W. Immunogenicity and Safety of a Three-Dose Regimen of a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine in Adults: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase 2 Trial. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1701-1709. [PMID: 34958382 PMCID: PMC8755320 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic needs effective vaccines. Methods In a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 500 adults aged 18-59 years or ≥60 years were randomized in 2:2:1 ratio to receive 3 doses of 5-μg or 10-μg of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, or placebo separated by 28 days. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded through Day 28 after each dosing. Live virus or pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies, and receptor binding domain (RBD-IgG) antibody were tested after the second and third doses. Results Two doses of the vaccine elicited geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 102-119, 170-176, and 1449-1617 for the three antibodies in younger adults. Pseudovirus neutralizing and RBD-IgG GMTs were similar between older and younger adults. The third dose slightly (<1.5 folds) increased GMTs. Seroconversion percentages were 94% or more after two doses, which were generally similar after three doses. The predominant AEs were injection-site pain. All the AEs were grade 1 or 2 in intensity. No serious AE was deemed related to study vaccination. Conclusions Two doses of this vaccine induced robust immune response and had good safety profile. A third dose given 28 days after the second dose elicited limited boosting antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Liu
- Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guifan Li
- Beijing Minhai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xianyun Chang
- Beijing Minhai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Beijing Minhai Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kai Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialei Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Huaiyin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingliang Wu
- Huaiyin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Parra-Lucares A, Toro L, Weitz-Muñoz S, Ramos C. Cardiomyopathy Associated with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: What Do We Know? Viruses 2021; 13:2493. [PMID: 34960761 PMCID: PMC8708989 DOI: 10.3390/v13122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has mobilized many efforts worldwide to curb its impact on morbidity and mortality. Vaccination of the general population has resulted in the administration of more than 6,700,000,000 doses by the end of October 2021, which is the most effective method to prevent hospitalization and death. Among the adverse effects described, myocarditis and pericarditis are low-frequency events (less than 10 per 100,000 people), mainly observed with messenger RNA vaccines. The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been specified, considering an exacerbated and uncontrolled immune response and an autoimmune response against specific cardiomyocyte proteins. This greater immunogenicity and reactogenicity is clinically manifested in a differential manner in pediatric patients, adults, and the elderly, determining specific characteristics of its presentation for each age group. It generally develops as a condition of mild to moderate severity, whose symptoms and imaging findings are self-limited, resolving favorably in days to weeks and, exceptionally, reporting deaths associated with this complication. The short- and medium-term prognosis is favorable, highlighting the lack of data on long-term evolution, which should be determined in longer follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parra-Lucares
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Luis Toro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Critical Care Unit, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago 7591046, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Sebastián Weitz-Muñoz
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile;
| | - Cristóbal Ramos
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile;
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122
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Joshi G, Borah P, Thakur S, Sharma P, Mayank, Poduri R. Exploring the COVID-19 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants: where do we stand and where do we go? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4714-4740. [PMID: 34856868 PMCID: PMC8726002 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1995283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As of September 2021, 117 COVID-19 vaccines are in clinical development, and 194 are in preclinical development as per the World Health Organization (WHO) published draft landscape. Among the 117 vaccines undergoing clinical trials, the major platforms include protein subunit; RNA; inactivated virus; viral vector, among others. So far, USFDA recognized to approve the Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty) COVID-19 vaccine for its full use in individuals of 16 years of age and older. Though the approved vaccines are being manufactured at a tremendous pace, the wealthiest countries have about 28% of total vaccines despite possessing only 10.8% of the total world population, suggesting an inequity of vaccine distribution. The review comprehensively summarizes the history of vaccines, mainly focusing on vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. The review also connects relevant topics, including measurement of vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, associated challenges, and limitations, as hurdles in global vaccination are also kept forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Shweta Thakur
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Mayank
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ramarao Poduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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123
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Zare H, Rezapour H, Mahmoodzadeh S, Fereidouni M. Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccines (Sputnik V, AZD-1222, and Covaxin) side effects among healthcare workers in Birjand city, Iran. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108351. [PMID: 34801416 PMCID: PMC8577998 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of vaccine side effects plays an important role in public perception about vaccination programs. This study was designed to investigate the side effects of the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine; Sputnik-V, AZD-1222, and Covaxin. Methods A study was performed to evaluate the side effects of these vaccine among 503 health care workers in Birjand (Iran). Our study used the questionnaire consisted of 4 main categories including demographic data, previous COVID-19 infection, vaccine information, and local and systemic side effects of vaccines. Results 81.9%, 88.8%, and 92.9% of people who have been vaccinated with Sputnik-V, AZD1222, and Covaxin vaccines, respectively, have reported at least one side effect. The prevalence of systemic side effects in AZD-1222 vaccine was higher than Sputnik V and Covaxin vaccines. Injection site pain (62.1%), fatigue (43.9%), muscle pain (42.5%), and fever (40.6%) were the most common side effects in all three vaccines. Side effect frequency was higher in the female group (90.6%) than the male group (79.5%). The prevalence of side effects with Sputnik V and Covaxin vaccines was reduced in the elderly. Moreover, the prevalence of side effects was higher in the case of convalescent patients (92.4 %) than in the group with no history of infection. The prevalence of side effects was higher in person with a BMI above 25 in the AZD-1222 and Covaxin vaccines. Conclusions The most common side effects of the Sputnik-V, AZD-1222, and Covaxin vaccine among Birjand (Iran) healthcare workers were injection site pain, muscle pain, fatigue, fever, and headache. Age and gender were the most important variables in the prevalence of vaccine side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Hadis Rezapour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sara Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Moghnieh R, Mekdashi R, El-Hassan S, Abdallah D, Jisr T, Bader M, Jizi I, Sayegh MH, Rahman Bizri A. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 booster in BBIBP-CorV-vaccinated individuals compared with homologous BNT162b2 vaccination: Results of a pilot prospective cohort study from Lebanon. Vaccine 2021; 39:6713-6719. [PMID: 34656379 PMCID: PMC8513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Facing new COVID-19 waves, the effectiveness of BBIBP-CorV has been noted to be low in countries whose populations were already administered two doses of the vaccine. Heterologous vaccination using ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 elicited higher immunogenicity compared with homologous immunization. BBIBP-CorV/BNT162b2 combination is worth testing. In this pilot prospective cohort study conducted at Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon, from February 17, 2021, to June 30, 2021, we tested the safety and immunogenicity of a BNT162b2 booster dose in COVID-19-naïve individuals who had received two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Heterologous booster vaccination was found to be safe and well tolerated. It was significantly associated with higher anti-spike IgG geometric mean titers compared to that after homologous BNT162b2 immunization in COVID-19-naïve individuals [(8040BAU/mL, 95%confidence interval (CI), 4612-14016) vs (1384BAU/mL, 95%CI, 1063-1801), respectively, (P < 0.0001)]. In countries with limited access to mRNA vaccines and where populations have already received BBIBP-CorV, mixing BBIBP-CorV/BNT162b2 is seen to overcome the low immunogenicity induced by BBIBP-CorV alone, thus potentially providing protection against emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Moghnieh
- Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ihab Jizi
- Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Sayegh
- Senior Scientific Advisor, GAP Solutions (under Contract No. 75N93019D00026 with National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, United States of America); American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Lu CL, Zheng RX, Xue X, Zhang XW, Liu XH, Jin XY, Pu FL, Lan HD, Fang M, Kong LY, Willcox M, Graz B, Houriet J, Hu XY, Liu JP. Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 pandemic and emerging challenges: An online cross-sectional survey in China. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100798. [PMID: 34692409 PMCID: PMC8524811 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. RESULTS The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. CONCLUSION We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Lu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Xiang Zheng
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- First Clinical College and affiliated hospital, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Han Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Jin
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Lan Pu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Di Lan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Min Fang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Yao Kong
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Primary care, Population Science and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Xiao-Yang Hu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Research Design Service South Central, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Omeish H, Najadat A, Al-Azzam S, Tarabin N, Abu Hameed A, Al-Gallab N, Abbas H, Rababah L, Rabadi M, Karasneh R, Aldeyab MA. Reported COVID-19 vaccines side effects among Jordanian population: a cross sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1981086. [PMID: 34614383 PMCID: PMC8920252 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1981086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns about the safety and side effects of coronavirus SARS CoV2 vaccines have been raised among many communities worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the side effects reported by vaccinated individuals in Jordan. A cross-sectional survey was used to recruit responses from participants who were vaccinated with either one dose or both doses of any of the administered vaccines in Jordan (AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Sinopharm). A total of 1,086 participants were enrolled in the study. Most of participants have not been infected with SARS CoV2 before receiving the vaccine (77.2%). Larger proportion of the study population received Pfizer vaccine (40.6%) followed by the AstraZeneca vaccine (33.0%), and Sinopharm vaccine (26.4%). Side effects after receiving the first dose of the vaccine were reported by most participants (89.9%) and included pain at the injection site (78.4%), fatigue (51.8%), myalgia (37.6%), headache (33.1%), and chills (32.3%). To a lesser extent, there were gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea (15.1%), loss of appetite (9.4%), and diarrhea (6.4%). More side effects were significantly associated with AstraZeneca vaccine (P < .001). Only one case for each of second dose of Pfizer and Sinopharm vaccines reported that their side effects required hospitalization. In this study, we found that people in Jordan experienced more side effects with AstraZeneca vaccine followed by Pfizer vaccine and the least one is Sinopharm vaccine. Our study showed that these side effects are not severe and should not be an obstacle against the successful control of the pandemic in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Omeish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Jordanian Medical Centre- Amman-Jordan
| | - Angam Najadat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Jordanian Medical Centre- Amman-Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nada Tarabin
- Department of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Hadeel Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lana Rababah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majd Rabadi
- Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mamoon A Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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127
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A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Self-Reported Adverse Events following Immunization (AEFI) of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101090. [PMID: 34696198 PMCID: PMC8538494 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) was the first to be introduced in Bangladesh to fight the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. As this vaccine had shown some side-effects in its clinical trial, we aimed to conduct a study assessing short-term adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on social and electronic media platforms by delivering an online questionnaire among people who had taken at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The collected data were then analysed to evaluate various parameters related to the AEFIs of the respondents. Results: A total of 626 responses were collected. Of these, 623 were selected based on complete answers and used for the analysis. Most of the respondents were between 30–60 years of age, and 40.4% were female. We found that a total of 8.5% of the total respondents had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our survey revealed that out of 623 volunteers, 317 reported various side-effects after taking the vaccine, which is about 50.88% of the total participants. The majority of participants (37.07%, 231/623) reported swelling and pain at the injection site and fever (25.84%, 162/623); these were some of the common localized and generalized symptoms after the COVID-19 vaccine administration. Conclusion: The side-effects reported after receiving the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) are similar to those reported in clinical trials, demonstrating that the vaccines have a safe therapeutic window. Moreover, further research is needed to determine the efficacy of existing vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections or after-infection hospitalization.
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128
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Troeltzsch M, Gogl M, Berndt R, Troeltzsch M. Oral lichen planus following the administration of vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S). Oral Dis 2021; 28 Suppl 2:2595-2596. [PMID: 34543493 PMCID: PMC8661663 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Troeltzsch
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Reconstructive Surgery, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Markus Gogl
- Center for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Reconstructive Surgery, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Ronald Berndt
- Department of Pathology, Ansbach General Hospital, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Markus Troeltzsch
- Center for Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Reconstructive Surgery, Ansbach, Germany
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129
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Chen J, Cai Y, Chen Y, Williams AP, Gao Y, Zeng J. Nervous and Muscular Adverse Events after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080939. [PMID: 34452064 PMCID: PMC8402736 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nervous and muscular adverse events (NMAEs) have garnered considerable attention after the vaccination against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the incidences of NMAEs remain unclear. We aimed to calculate the pooled event rate of NMAEs after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on the incidences of NMAEs after COVID-19 vaccination was conducted. The PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from inception to 2 June 2021. Two independent reviewers selected the study and extracted the data. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and generated with random or fixed effects models. The protocol of the present study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021240450). Results: In 15 phase 1/2 trials, NMAEs occurred in 29.2% vs. 21.6% (p < 0.001) vaccinated participants and controls. Headache and myalgia accounted for 98.2% and 97.7%, and their incidences were 16.4% vs. 13.9% (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28–3.06, p = 0.002) and 16.0% vs. 7.9% (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.05–5.35, p < 0.001) in the vaccine and control groups, respectively. Headache and myalgia were more frequent in the newly licensed vaccines (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.28–3.06, p = 0.02 and OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 2.05–5.35, p < 0.001) and younger adults (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.12–1.75, p = 0.003 and OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20–1.96, p < 0.001). In four open-label trials, the incidences of headache, myalgia, and unsolicited NMAEs were 38.7%, 27.4%, and 1.5%. Following vaccination in phase 3 trials, headache and myalgia were still common with a rate of 29.5% and 19.2%, although the unsolicited NMAEs with incidence rates of ≤ 0.7% were not different from the control group in each study. Conclusions: Following the vaccination, NMAEs are common of which headache and myalgia comprised a considerable measure, although life-threatening unsolicited events are rare. NMAEs should be continuously monitored during the ongoing global COVID-19 vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuangui Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yicong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Anthony P. Williams
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-020-87755766 (ext. 8667) (Y.G.); +86-020-87755766 (ext. 8286) (J.Z.)
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-020-87755766 (ext. 8667) (Y.G.); +86-020-87755766 (ext. 8286) (J.Z.)
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