101
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Xin J, Jichun Z, Yonghai S. Dexamethasone-Loaded biodegradable magnetic microparticles for treatment of CFA-induced chronic pain in rats. Des Monomers Polym 2022; 25:98-114. [PMID: 35529590 PMCID: PMC9067977 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2068743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug solutions or suspensions, have been shown to treat pain in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain in rats, with or without combination with magnetic therapy. In this study, we aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the therapeutic effects of microparticles containing dexamethasone for local administration and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. The results showed the following; a) Preparation and characterization: two ratios of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were used. The prepared batches were similar in size and magnetic responsiveness. The microparticle size distribution assessed via electron microscopy suggested a homogeneous distribution and absence of aggregates. Dexamethasone release profiles (microparticles synthesized with a feed ratio of 1:4) showed a sustained release in vitro and good biocompatibility with tissues. b) Therapeutic effect: the treatment effect of dexamethasone-PLGA magnetic microspheres + magnetic therapy was substantially better than that observed for other groups on day 4, as monitored by appearance, mechanical pain threshold, and histological analysis. This type of carrier could be a suitable magnetically retainable local drug delivery system for treating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xin
- Anesthesiology Department of the Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Jichun
- Pathology Department of the Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Sun Yonghai
- Department of Comprehensive Treatment, The Second Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Hebei, China
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102
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Songca SP. Applications of Nanozymology in the Detection and Identification of Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4638. [PMID: 35563029 PMCID: PMC9100627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are synthetic nanoparticulate materials that mimic the biological activities of enzymes by virtue of their surface chemistry. Enzymes catalyze biological reactions with a very high degree of specificity. Examples include the horseradish peroxidase, lactate, glucose, and cholesterol oxidases. For this reason, many industrial uses of enzymes outside their natural environments have been developed. Similar to enzymes, many industrial applications of nanozymes have been developed and used. Unlike the enzymes, however, nanozymes are cost-effectively prepared, purified, stored, and reproducibly and repeatedly used for long periods of time. The detection and identification of pathogens is among some of the reported applications of nanozymes. Three of the methodologic milestones in the evolution of pathogen detection and identification include the incubation and growth, immunoassays and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategies. Although advances in the history of pathogen detection and identification have given rise to novel methods and devices, these are still short of the response speed, accuracy and cost required for point-of-care use. Debuting recently, nanozymology offers significant improvements in the six methodological indicators that are proposed as being key in this review, including simplicity, sensitivity, speed of response, cost, reliability, and durability of the immunoassays and PCR strategies. This review will focus on the applications of nanozymes in the detection and identification of pathogens in samples obtained from foods, natural, and clinical sources. It will highlight the impact of nanozymes in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent and PCR strategies by discussing the mechanistic improvements and the role of the design and architecture of the nanozyme nanoconjugates. Because of their contribution to world health burden, the three most important pathogens that will be considered include viruses, bacteria and fungi. Although not quite seen as pathogens, the review will also consider the detection of cancer cells and helminth parasites. The review leaves very little doubt that nanozymology has introduced remarkable advances in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and PCR strategies for detecting these five classes of pathogens. However, a gap still exists in the application of nanozymes to detect and identify fungal pathogens directly, although indirect strategies in which nanozymes are used have been reported. From a mechanistic point of view, the nanozyme technology transfer to laboratory research methods in PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies, and the point-of-care devices such as electronic biosensors and lateral flow detection strips, that is currently taking place, is most likely to give rise to no small revolution in each of the six methodological indicators for pathogen detection and identification. While the evidence of widespread research reports, clinical trials and point-of-care device patents support this view, the gaps that still exist point to a need for more basic research studies to be conducted on the applications of nanozymology in pathogen detection and identification. The multidisciplinary nature of the research on the application of nanozymes in the detection and identification of pathogens requires chemists and physicists for the design, fabrication, and characterization of nanozymes; microbiologists for the design, testing and analysis of the methodologies, and clinicians or clinical researchers for the evaluation of the methodologies and devices in the clinic. Many reports have also implicated required skills in mathematical modelling, and electronic engineering. While the review will conclude with a synopsis of the impact of nanozymology on the detection and identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi, cancer cells, and helminths, it will also point out opportunities that exist in basic research as well as opportunities for innovation aimed at novel laboratory methodologies and devices. In this regard there is no doubt that there are numerous unexplored research areas in the application of nanozymes for the detection of pathogens. For example, most research on the applications of nanozymes for the detection and identification of fungi is so far limited only to the detection of mycotoxins and other chemical compounds associated with fungal infection. Therefore, there is scope for exploration of the application of nanozymes in the direct detection of fungi in foods, especially in the agricultural production thereof. Many fungal species found in seeds severely compromise their use by inactivating the germination thereof. Fungi also produce mycotoxins that can severely compromise the health of humans if consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandile Phinda Songca
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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103
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A New Look at the Effects of Engineered ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles: Evidence from Transcriptomics Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081247. [PMID: 35457956 PMCID: PMC9031840 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their excellent electrical, optical, whitening, UV-adsorbing and bactericidal properties. The extensive production and utilization of these NPs increases their chances of being released into the environment and conferring unintended biological effects upon exposure. With the increasingly prevalent use of the omics technique, new data are burgeoning which provide a global view on the overall changes induced by exposures to NPs. In this review, we provide an account of the biological effects of ZnO and TiO2 NPs arising from transcriptomics in in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition to studies on humans and mice, we also describe findings on ecotoxicology-related species, such as Danio rerio (zebrafish), Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) or Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Based on evidence from transcriptomics studies, we discuss particle-induced biological effects, including cytotoxicity, developmental alterations and immune responses, that are dependent on both material-intrinsic and acquired/transformed properties. This review seeks to provide a holistic insight into the global changes induced by ZnO and TiO2 NPs pertinent to human and ecotoxicology.
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104
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Onoda A, Okamoto S, Shimizu R, El-Sayed YS, Watanabe S, Ogawa S, Abe R, Kamimura M, Soga K, Tachibana K, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Effect of Carbon Black Nanoparticle on Neonatal Lymphoid Tissues Depending on the Gestational Period of Exposure in Mice. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:700392. [PMID: 35295157 PMCID: PMC8915855 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.700392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Particulate air pollution, containing nanoparticles, enhances the risk of pediatric allergic diseases that is potentially associated with disruption of neonatal immune system. Previous studies have revealed that maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NP) disturbs the development of the lymphoid tissues in newborns. Interestingly, the CB-NP-induced immune profiles were observed to be different depending on the gestational period of exposure. It is important to identify the critical exposure period to prevent toxic effects of nanoparticles on the development of the immune system. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of CB-NP on the development of neonatal lymphoid tissues in mice, depending on the gestational period of exposure. Methods: Pregnant ICR mice were treated with a suspension of CB-NP (95 μg/kg body weight) by intranasal instillation; the suspension was administered twice during each gestational period as follows: the pre-implantation period (gestational days 4 and 5), organogenesis period (gestational days 8 and 9), and fetal developmental period (gestational days 15 and 16). The spleen and thymus were collected from offspring mice at 1, 3, and 5-days post-partum. Splenocyte and thymocyte phenotypes were examined by flow cytometry. Gene expression in the spleen was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The numbers of total splenocytes and splenic CD3−B220− phenotype (non-T/non-B lymphocytes) in offspring on postnatal day 5 were significantly increased after exposure to CB-NP during the organogenesis period compared with other gestational periods of exposure and control (no exposure). In contrast, expression levels of mRNA associated with chemotaxis and differentiation of immune cells in the spleen were not affected by CB-NP exposure during any gestational period. Conclusion: The organogenesis period was the most susceptible period to CB-NP exposure with respect to lymphoid tissue development. Moreover, the findings of the present and previous studies suggested that long-term exposure to CB-NP across multiple gestational periods including the organogenesis period, rather than acute exposure only organogenesis period, may more severely affect the development of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Saki Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Shiho Watanabe
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ogawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Advanced Comprehensive Research Center, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Kohei Soga
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
| | - Ken Tachibana
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Japan
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105
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Sousa A, Bradshaw TD, Ribeiro D, Fernandes E, Freitas M. Pro-inflammatory effects of silver nanoparticles in the intestine. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1551-1571. [PMID: 35296919 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a promising technology of the twenty-first century, being a rapidly evolving field of research and industrial innovation widely applied in our everyday life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are considered the most commercialized nanosystems worldwide, being applied in diverse sectors, from medicine to the food industry. Considering their unique physical, chemical and biological properties, AgNP have gained access into our daily life, with an exponential use in food industry, leading to an increased inevitable human oral exposure. With the growing use of AgNP, several concerns have been raised, in recent years, about their potential hazards to human health, more precisely their pro-inflammatory effects within the gastrointestinal system. Therefore a review of the literature has been undertaken to understand the pro-inflammatory potential of AgNP, after human oral exposure, in the intestine. Despite the paucity of information reported in the literature about this issue, existing studies indicate that AgNP exert a pro-inflammatory action, through generation of oxidative stress, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, interference with transcription factors and production of cytokines. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic pathways and molecular targets involved in the intestinal pro-inflammatory effects of AgNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Sousa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.º 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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106
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Zhou L, Kodidela S, Godse S, Thomas-Gooch S, Kumar A, Raji B, Zhi K, Kochat H, Kumar S. Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System Using Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:358. [PMID: 35337155 PMCID: PMC8950604 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and protects the brain from toxic substances present in the circulating blood. However, the impermeability of the BBB to drugs is a hurdle for CNS drug development, which hinders the distribution of the most therapeutic molecules into the brain. Therefore, scientists have been striving to develop safe and effective technologies to advance drug penetration into the CNS with higher targeting properties and lower off-targeting side effects. This review will discuss the limitation of artificial nanomedicine in CNS drug delivery and the use of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs), as therapeutic vehicles to achieve targeted delivery to the CNS. Information on clinical trials regarding CNS targeted drug delivery using EVs is very limited. Thus, this review will also briefly highlight the recent clinical studies on targeted drug delivery in the peripheral nervous system to shed light on potential strategies for CNS drug delivery. Different technologies engaged in pre- and post-isolation have been implemented to further utilize and optimize the natural property of EVs. EVs from various sources have also been applied in the engineering of EVs for CNS targeted drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. Here, the future feasibility of those studies in clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Sandip Godse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Stacey Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
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107
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Mass Cytometry Exploration of Immunomodulatory Responses of Human Immune Cells Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030630. [PMID: 35336005 PMCID: PMC8954471 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing production and application of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have raised concerns on their possible adverse effects on human health. However, a comprehensive understanding of their effects on biological systems, especially immunomodulatory responses involving various immune cell types and biomolecules (e.g., cytokines and chemokines), is still incomplete. In this study, a single-cell-based, high-dimensional mass cytometry approach is used to investigate the immunomodulatory responses of Ag NPs using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) exposed to poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag NPs of different core sizes (i.e., 10-, 20-, and 40-nm). Although there were no severe cytotoxic effects observed, PVPAg10 and PVPAg20 were excessively found in monocytes and dendritic cells, while PVPAg40 displayed more affinity with B cells and natural killer cells, thereby triggering the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-17A, IL-17F, MIP1β, TNFα, and IFNγ. Our findings indicate that under the exposure conditions tested in this study, Ag NPs only triggered the inflammatory responses in a size-dependent manner rather than induce cytotoxicity in hPBMCs. Our study provides an appropriate ex vivo model to better understand the human immune responses against Ag NP at a single-cell level, which can contribute to the development of targeted drug delivery, vaccine developments, and cancer radiotherapy treatments.
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108
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Zhu L, Zhong Y, Wu S, Yan M, Cao Y, Mou N, Wang G, Sun D, Wu W. Cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticles: Focusing on tumor theranostics. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100228. [PMID: 35265826 PMCID: PMC8898969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) modified by cell membranes represent an emerging biomimetic platform that can mimic the innate biological functions resulting from the various cell membranes in biological systems. researchers focus on constructing the cell membrane camouflaged NPs using a wide variety of cells, such as red blood cell membranes (RBC), macrophages and cancer cells. Cell membrane camouflaged NPs (CMNPs) inherit the composition of cell membranes, including specific receptors, antigens, proteins, for target delivering to the tumor, escaping immune from clearance, and prolonging the blood circulation time, etc. Combining cell membrane-derived biological functions and the NP cores acted cargo carriers to encapsulate the imaging agents, CMNPs are widely developed to apply in tumor imaging techniques, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging (FL) and photoacoustic imaging (PA). Herein, in this review, we systematically summarize the superior functions of various CMNPs in tumor imaging, especially highlighting the advanced applications in different imaging techniques, which is to provide the theoretical supports for the development of precise guided imaging and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianlian Mou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Life Sciences & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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109
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Samadian H, Merzel RL, Dyson JM, Chen J, Frey C, Jones A, Vartanian M, Ward BB, Banaszak Holl MM. Anti-tumor Effect of Folate-Binding Protein: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:843-852. [PMID: 35133169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Folate receptor (FR) overexpression in a wide range of solid tumors provides an opportunity to develop novel, targeted cancer therapeutics. In this study, we investigated whether prebinding the chemotherapeutic methotrexate (MTX) to folate-binding protein (FBP), the soluble form of FR, would enable the protein to serve as a targeted therapeutic vector, enhancing uptake into tumor cells and improving therapeutic efficacy. In an in vivo study, using an FR-overexpressing KB xenograft model in SCID mice, modest improvement in inhibiting tumor growth was observed for the MTX/FBP mixtures as compared to saline control and free MTX. Surprisingly, FBP alone inhibited tumor growth compared to saline control, free MTX, and FBP/MTX. In order to better understand this effect, we investigated the cytotoxicity of micromolar concentrations of FBP in vitro using the KB, HeLa, and A549 cancer cell lines. Our results revealed concentration-dependent apoptosis (24 h; 10-50 μM) in all three cell lines accompanied by a time- and concentration-dependent reduction (6, 12, and 24 h; 10-50 μM) in metabolic activity and compromised cell plasma membrane integrity. This study demonstrates an apoptosis pathway for cytotoxicity of FBP, an endogenous serum protein, in cancer cell lines with widely varying levels of FR expression. Furthermore, in vivo tumor growth suppression for xenograft KB tumors in SCID mice was observed. These studies suggest novel strategies for the elimination of cancer cells employing endogenous, serum transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Samadian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel L Merzel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alexis Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark Vartanian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Hospital Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brent B Ward
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Hospital Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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110
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Mundekkad D, Cho WC. Nanoparticles in Clinical Translation for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031685. [PMID: 35163607 PMCID: PMC8835852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cancer therapeutics brought a paradigm shift from conventional therapy to precision medicine. The new therapeutic modalities accomplished through the properties of nanomaterials have extended their scope in cancer therapy beyond conventional drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be channeled in cancer therapy to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients and deliver them to the tumor site in a more efficient manner. This review enumerates various types of nanoparticles that have entered clinical trials for cancer treatment. The obstacles in the journey of nanodrug from clinic to market are reviewed. Furthermore, the latest developments in using nanoparticles in cancer therapy are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mundekkad
- Centre for NanoBioTechnology (CNBT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: or
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111
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Sriwidodo, Umar AK, Wathoni N, Zothantluanga JH, Das S, Luckanagul JA. Liposome-polymer complex for drug delivery system and vaccine stabilization. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08934. [PMID: 35243059 PMCID: PMC8861389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been used extensively as micro- and nanocarriers for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. However, conventional liposomes are biodegradable and quickly eliminated, making it difficult to be used for delivery in specific routes, such as the oral and systemic routes. One way to overcome this problem is through complexation with polymers, which is referred to as a liposome complex. The use of polymers can increase the stability of liposome with regard to pH, chemicals, enzymes, and the immune system. In some cases, specific polymers can condition the properties of liposomes to be explicitly used in drug delivery, such as targeted delivery and controlled release. These properties are influenced by the type of polymer, crosslinker, interaction, and bond in the complexation process. Therefore, it is crucial to study and review these parameters for the development of more optimal forms and properties of the liposome complex. This article discusses the use of natural and synthetic polymers, ways of interaction between polymers and liposomes (on the surface, incorporation in lamellar chains, and within liposomes), types of bonds, evaluation standards, and their effects on the stability and pharmacokinetic profile of the liposome complex, drugs, and vaccines. This article concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers can be used in modifying the structure and physicochemical properties of liposomes to specify their use in targeted delivery, controlled release, and stabilizing drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Abd. Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - James H. Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sanjoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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112
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Kishen A. Endodontic therapy: Stop ringing the alarm; it is time to get out of the building! ENDODONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_159_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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113
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Mohammapdour R, Ghandehari H. Mechanisms of immune response to inorganic nanoparticles and their degradation products. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114022. [PMID: 34740764 PMCID: PMC8898339 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Careful assessment of the biological fate and immune response of inorganic nanoparticles is crucial for use of such carriers in drug delivery and other biomedical applications. Many studies have elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interaction of inorganic nanoparticles with the components of the immune system. The biodegradation and dissolution of inorganic nanoparticles can influence their ensuing immune response. While the immunological properties of inorganic nanoparticles as a function of their physicochemical properties have been investigated in detail, little attention has been paid to the immune adverse effects towards the degradation products of these nanoparticles. To fill this gap, we herein summarize the cellular mechanisms of immune response to inorganic nanoparticles and their degradation products with specific focus on immune cells. We also accentuate the importance of designing new methods and instruments for the in situ characterization of inorganic nanoparticles in order to assess their safety as a result of degradation. This review further sheds light on factors that need to be considered in the design of safe and effective inorganic nanoparticles for use in delivery of bioactive and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Mohammapdour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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114
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Akinyelu J, Oladimeji O, Daniels A, Singh M. Folate-targeted doxorubicin delivery to breast and cervical cancer cells using a chitosan-gold nano-delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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115
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Hussein H, Kishen A. Proteomic profiling reveals engineered chitosan nanoparticles mediated cellular crosstalk and immunomodulation for therapeutic application in apical periodontitis. Bioact Mater 2021; 11:77-89. [PMID: 34938914 PMCID: PMC8665264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MQ) are major constituents of chronically inflamed periapical tissues in apical periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of engineered bioactive chitosan-based nanoparticles (CSnp) antibiofilm medication on MQ cocultured with periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PdLF). Cells viability, spreading, PdLF migration, and intracellular CSnp uptake were characterized. Tandem Mass Tag-based proteomics was applied to analyze MQ global protein expression profiles after interaction with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm, CSnp-treated biofilm, and CSnp. Secreted inflammatory mediators were analyzed. Following bioinformatics analyses, candidate proteins were validated via targeted proteomics. CSnp maintained cells viability, increased MQ spreading, and PdLF migration (p < 0.05). Transmission electron micrographs demonstrated CSnp internalization via macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis. Proteomic analysis revealed that CSnp-treated biofilm upregulated proteins (>1.5-folds, p < 0.05) showed functional enrichment in the pathway of metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins, while downregulated proteins showed enrichment in ferroptosis. CSnp upregulated proteins exhibiting antioxidant and immunoregulatory properties. Upregulation of SERPINB1 by CSnp (>1.5-folds, p < 0.05) was validated. CSnp-treated biofilm reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1β and nitric oxide but enhanced anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β1 (p < 0.05). Internalized engineered bioactive CSnp reprogrammed MQ proteomic and cytokine profiles to modulate biofilm-mediated inflammation, and prompted PdLF migration, emphasizing its potential to regulate healing process in the treatment of apical periodontitis. CSnp internalized via macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis. Enterococcus faecalis biofilm altered macrophage proteomic profile. Macrophage proteome upon CSnp-treated biofilm interaction was distinct from biofilm. CSnp upregulated proteins with immunoregulatory and antioxidant activities. CSnp reduced proinflammatory but increased anti-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Hussein
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Endodontics Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.,School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
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116
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Yen SC, Mao JY, Lin HY, Huang HT, Harroun SG, Nain A, Chang HT, Lin HY, Chen LL, Huang CC, Lin HJ. Multifunctional carbonized nanogels to treat lethal acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:448. [PMID: 34952588 PMCID: PMC8710021 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shrimp aquaculture has suffered huge economic losses over the past decade due to the outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which is mainly caused by the bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) with the virulence pVA1 plasmid, which encodes a secretory photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin composed of PirA and PirB proteins. The Pir toxin mainly attacks the hepatopancreas, a major metabolic organ in shrimp, thereby causing necrosis and loss of function. The pandemic of antibiotic-resistant strains makes the impact worse. Methods Mild pyrolysis of a mixture of polysaccharide dextran 70 and the crosslinker 1,8-diaminooctane at 180 ℃ for 3 h to form carbonized nanogels (DAO/DEX-CNGs) through controlled cross-linking and carbonization. The multifunctional therapeutic CNGs inherit nanogel-like structures and functional groups from their precursor molecules. Results DAO/DEX-CNGs manifest broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus responsible for AHPND and even multiple drug-resistant strains. The polymer-like structures and functional groups on graphitic-carbon within the CNGs exhibit multiple treatment effects, including disruption of bacterial membranes, elevating bacterial oxidative stress, and neutralization of PirAB toxins. The inhibition of Vibrio in the midgut of infected shrimp, protection of hepatopancreas tissue from Pir toxin, and suppressing overstimulation of the immune system in severe V. parahaemolyticus infection, revealing that CNGs can effectively guard shrimp from Vibrio invasion. Moreover, shrimps fed with DAO/DEX-CNGs were carefully examined, such as the expression of the immune-related genes, hepatopancreas biopsy, and intestinal microbiota. Few adverse effects on shrimps were observed. Conclusion Our work proposes brand-new applications of multifunctional carbon-based nanomaterials as efficient anti-Vibrio agents in the aquatic industry that hold great potential as feed additives to reduce antibiotic overuse in aquaculture. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01194-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chieh Yen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yi Mao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Scott G Harroun
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Amit Nain
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-You Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan. .,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan. .,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan. .,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan.
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117
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Innate Immunity Modulating Impurities and the Immunotoxicity of Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237308. [PMID: 34885886 PMCID: PMC8658779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity can be triggered by the presence of microbial antigens and other contaminants inadvertently introduced during the manufacture and purification of bionanopharmaceutical products. Activation of these innate immune responses, including cytokine secretion, complement, and immune cell activation, can result in unexpected and undesirable host immune responses. These innate modulators can also potentially stimulate the activation of adaptive immune responses, including the formation of anti-drug antibodies which can impact drug effectiveness. To prevent induction of these adverse responses, it is important to detect and quantify levels of these innate immunity modulating impurities (IIMIs) that may be present in drug products. However, while it is universally agreed that removal of IIMIs from drug products is crucial for patient safety and to prevent long-term immunogenicity, there is no single assay capable of directly detecting all potential IIMIs or indirectly quantifying downstream biomarkers. Additionally, there is a lack of agreement as to which of the many analytical assays currently employed should be standardized for general IIMI screening. Herein, we review the available literature to highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IIMI-mediated inflammation and its relevance to the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. We further discuss methodologies used for direct and indirect IIMI identification and quantification.
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118
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Guo K, Xiao N, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tóth J, Gyenis J, Thakur VK, Oyane A, Shubhra QT. Engineering polymer nanoparticles using cell membrane coating technology and their application in cancer treatments: Opportunities and challenges. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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119
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Lemon JL, McMenamy MJ. A Review of UK-Registered and Candidate Vaccines for Bovine Respiratory Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121403. [PMID: 34960149 PMCID: PMC8703677 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is widely regarded as a cornerstone in animal or herd health and infectious disease management. Nineteen vaccines against the major pathogens implicated in bovine respiratory disease are registered for use in the UK by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). However, despite annual prophylactic vaccination, bovine respiratory disease is still conservatively estimated to cost the UK economy approximately £80 million per annum. This review examines the vaccine types available, discusses the surrounding literature and scientific rationale of the limitations and assesses the potential of novel vaccine technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Lemon
- Sustainable Agri-Food and Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. McMenamy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK;
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120
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Chabria Y, Duffy GP, Lowery AJ, Dwyer RM. Hydrogels: 3D Drug Delivery Systems for Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1694. [PMID: 34829923 PMCID: PMC8615452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic and naturally occurring nano-sized particles present versatile vehicles for the delivery of therapy in a range of clinical settings. Their small size and modifiable physicochemical properties support refinement of targeting capabilities, immune response, and therapeutic cargo, but rapid clearance from the body and limited efficacy remain a major challenge. This highlights the need for a local sustained delivery system for nanoparticles (NPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) at the target site that will ensure prolonged exposure, maximum efficacy and dose, and minimal toxicity. Biocompatible hydrogels loaded with therapeutic NPs/EVs hold immense promise as cell-free sustained and targeted delivery systems in a range of disease settings. These bioscaffolds ensure retention of the nano-sized particles at the target site and can also act as controlled release systems for therapeutics over a prolonged period of time. The encapsulation of stimuli sensitive components into hydrogels supports the release of the content on-demand. In this review, we highlight the prospect of the sustained and prolonged delivery of these nano-sized therapeutic entities from hydrogels for broad applications spanning tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. Further understanding of the parameters controlling the release rate of these particles and efficient transfer of cargo to target cells will be fundamental to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashna Chabria
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (Y.C.); (A.J.L.)
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland;
| | - Garry P. Duffy
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland;
- Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife J Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (Y.C.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Róisín M. Dwyer
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (Y.C.); (A.J.L.)
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland;
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121
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Liang Z, Khawar MB, Liang J, Sun H. Bio-Conjugated Quantum Dots for Cancer Research: Detection and Imaging. Front Oncol 2021; 11:749970. [PMID: 34745974 PMCID: PMC8569511 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and gamma scintigraphy-based detection and bio-imaging technologies have achieved outstanding breakthroughs in recent years. However, these technologies still encounter several limitations such as insufficient sensitivity, specificity and security that limit their applications in cancer detection and bio-imaging. The semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a kind of newly developed fluorescent nanoparticles that have superior fluorescence intensity, strong resistance to photo-bleaching, size-tunable light emission and could produce multiple fluorescent colors under single-source excitation. Furthermore, QDs have optimal surface to link with multiple targets such as antibodies, peptides, and several other small molecules. Thus, QDs might serve as potential, more sensitive and specific methods of detection than conventional methods applied in cancer molecular targeting and bio-imaging. However, many challenges such as cytotoxicity and nonspecific uptake still exist limiting their wider applications. In the present review, we aim to summarize the current applications and challenges of QDs in cancer research mainly focusing on tumor detection, bio-imaging, and provides opinions on how to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
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122
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Radionuclide-Based Imaging of Breast Cancer: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215459. [PMID: 34771622 PMCID: PMC8582396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, possessing high incidence and mortality rates that threaten women’s health. Thus, early and effective breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate. Radionuclide molecular imaging displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes with radionuclide-labeled small metabolic compounds helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while radionuclide-labeled ligands/antibodies for receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer. This review focuses on the most recent developments of novel radiotracers as promising tools for early breast cancer diagnosis. Abstract Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that can affect women worldwide and endanger their health and wellbeing. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients, but with traditional anatomical imagine methods, it is difficult to detect lesions before morphological changes occur. Radionuclide-based molecular imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Radionuclide labeling of small metabolic compounds can be used for imaging biological processes, while radionuclide labeling of ligands/antibodies can be used for imaging receptors. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer, contributing to early diagnosis and better management of cancer patients. The rapid development of radionuclide probes aids the diagnosis of breast cancer in various aspects. These probes target metabolism, amino acid transporters, cell proliferation, hypoxia, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and so on. This article provides an overview of the development of radionuclide molecular imaging techniques present in preclinical or clinical studies, which are used as tools for early breast cancer diagnosis.
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123
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Tereshkina YA, Torkhovskaya TI, Tikhonova EG, Kostryukova LV, Sanzhakov MA, Korotkevich EI, Khudoklinova YY, Orlova NA, Kolesanova EF. Nanoliposomes as drug delivery systems: safety concerns. J Drug Target 2021; 30:313-325. [PMID: 34668814 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1992630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The review highlights the safety issues of drug delivery systems based on liposomes. Due to their small sizes (about 80-120 nm, sometimes even smaller), phospholipid nanoparticles interact intensively with living systems during parenteral administration. This interaction significantly affects both their transport role and safety; therefore, special attention is paid to these issues. The review summarises the data on the basic factors affecting the safety of nanoliposomes: composition, size, surface charge, stability, the release of an incorporated drug, penetration into tissues, interaction with the complement system. Attention is paid to the authors' own research of unique phospholipid nanoparticles with a diameter of 20-30 nm. The influence of technological processes of nanoliposome production on their properties is considered. The article also discusses the modern safety assessment criteria contained in the preliminary regulatory documents of the manufacturing countries for new nanoliposome-based drugs being developed or used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Tereshkina
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - T I Torkhovskaya
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Tikhonova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Kostryukova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Sanzhakov
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Korotkevich
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Yu Khudoklinova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Orlova
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Nanoparticles and Transport Systems, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - E F Kolesanova
- Laboratory of Peptide Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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124
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Wang H, Zheng Y, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Peng C, Shi S. Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:322. [PMID: 34654430 PMCID: PMC8518152 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the main components isolated from Panax ginseng, can play a therapeutic role by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and reducing proliferation, invasion, metastasis; by enhancing immune regulation; and by reversing tumor cell multidrug resistance. However, clinical applications have been limited because of ginsenosides' physical and chemical properties such as low solubility and poor stability, as well as their short half-life, easy elimination, degradation, and other pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. In recent years, developing a ginsenoside delivery system for bifunctional drugs or carriers has attracted much attention from researchers. To create a precise treatment strategy for cancer, a variety of nano delivery systems and preparation technologies based on ginsenosides have been conducted (e.g., polymer nanoparticles [NPs], liposomes, micelles, microemulsions, protein NPs, metals and inorganic NPs, biomimetic NPs). It is desirable to design a targeted delivery system to achieve antitumor efficacy that can not only cross various barriers but also can enhance immune regulation, eventually converting to a clinical application. Therefore, this review focused on the latest research about delivery systems encapsulated or modified with ginsenosides, and unification of medicines and excipients based on ginsenosides for improving drug bioavailability and targeting ability. In addition, challenges and new treatment methods were discussed to support the development of these new tumor therapeutic agents for use in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Kus-Liśkiewicz M, Fickers P, Ben Tahar I. Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10952. [PMID: 34681612 PMCID: PMC8536023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs' biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles' intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Patrick Fickers
- TERRA Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.F.); (I.B.T.)
| | - Imen Ben Tahar
- TERRA Research and Teaching Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liège, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (P.F.); (I.B.T.)
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126
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Tang M, Li S, Wei L, Hou Z, Qu J, Li L. Do Engineered Nanomaterials Affect Immune Responses by Interacting With Gut Microbiota? Front Immunol 2021; 12:684605. [PMID: 34594323 PMCID: PMC8476765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been widely exploited in several industrial domains as well as our daily life, raising concern over their potential adverse effects. While in general ENMs do not seem to have detrimental effects on immunity or induce severe inflammation, their indirect effects on immunity are less known. In particular, since the gut microbiota has been tightly associated with human health and immunity, it is possible that ingested ENMs could affect intestinal immunity indirectly by modulating the microbial community composition and functions. In this perspective, we provide a few pieces of evidence and discuss a possible link connecting ENM exposure, gut microbiota and host immune response. Some experimental works suggest that excessive exposure to ENMs could reshape the gut microbiota, thereby modulating the epithelium integrity and the inflammatory state in the intestine. Within such microenvironment, numerous microbiota-derived components, including but not limited to SCFAs and LPS, may serve as important effectors responsible of the ENM effect on intestinal immunity. Therefore, the gut microbiota is implicated as a crucial regulator of the intestinal immunity upon ENM exposure. This calls for including gut microbiota analysis within future work to assess ENM biocompatibility and immunosafety. This also calls for refinement of future studies that should be designed more elaborately and realistically to mimic the human exposure situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Department of Surgery, Sloan Kettering Institute Z427-D, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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127
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Sharma A, Sah N, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Targeted drug delivery for maternal and perinatal health: Challenges and opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113950. [PMID: 34454979 PMCID: PMC8544131 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing conditions at reproductive age, and complications arising during pregnancy can be detrimental to maternal and fetal health. Current therapies to combat obstetric disorders are limited due to the inherent complexity of pregnancy, and can have harmful effects on developing fetus. Emerging research shows intricate signaling between the cells from mother and fetus at maternal-fetal interface, providing unique opportunities for interventions specifically targeted to the mother, fetus, or placenta. Advancements in nanotechnology, stem-cell biology and gene therapy have resulted in target-specific treatments with promising results in pre-clinical maternal and fetal disorder models. Comprehensive understanding of the effect of physicochemical properties of delivery systems on their uptake, retention and accumulation across placenta will help in the better diagnosis and treatment of perinatal disorders. This review describes the factors leading to obstetric complications along with their effect on pregnancy outcomes, and discusses key targeted therapeutic strategies for addressing conditions related to maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nirnath Sah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore MD, 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA.
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128
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Fu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Zheng Y, Li Z, Zhu S, Li C, Cui Z, Wu S. An Engineered Pseudo-Macrophage for Rapid Treatment of Bacteria-Infected Osteomyelitis via Microwave-Excited Anti-Infection and Immunoregulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102926. [PMID: 34396595 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Preventing deep bacterial infection and simultaneously enhancing osteogenic differentiation are in great demand for osteomyelitis. Microwave (MW) dynamic therapy is attracting attention due to its excellent penetration ability, but the mechanism of MW-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still unknown. Herein, MW-responsive engineered pseudo-macrophages (M-Fe3 O4 /Au nanoparticles (NPs)) are fabricated to clear Staphylococcus aureus infections and induce M2 polarization of macrophages to improve osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under MW irradiation. Fe3 O4 /Au NPs can generate ·O2 - and heat under MW irradiation in a saline solution, and the mechanism is put forward via finite element modeling and density functional theory calculations. Due to the gap plasmon, electromagnetic hotspots are produced at Fe3 O4 -Au interface at 2.45 GHz. Because of these induced electromagnetic hotspots, the sodium species is field-ionized and subsequently reacts with oxygen to produce ·O2 - . Meanwhile, the Fe3 O4 /Au NPs have a stronger ability than Fe3 O4 NPs to fix oxygen, favoring the production of ROS. Additionally, MW-treated macrophages diminish to secrete inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the decrease of ROS production in MSCs and thus enhancing their osteogenic differentiation. These engineered pseudo-macrophages will be promising for effectively treating bacterial infections and promoting osteoblast differentiation simultaneously in deep tissues under MW irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Fu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Changyi Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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129
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Jarai BM, Stillman Z, Fromen CA. Hydrogel nanoparticle degradation influences the activation and survival of primary macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7246-7257. [PMID: 34226910 PMCID: PMC8446340 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nanoparticle (NP) internalization on cell fate has emerged as an important consideration for nanomedicine design, as macrophages and other phagocytes are the primary clearance mechanisms of administered NP formulations. Pro-survival signaling is thought to be concurrent with phagocytosis and recent work has shown increased macrophage survival following lysosomal processing of internalized NPs. These observations have opened the door to explorations of NP physiochemical properties aimed at tuning the NP-driven macrophage survival at the lysosomal synapse. Here, we report that NP-induced macrophage survival and activation is strongly dependent on NP degradation rate using a series of thiol-containing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-based NPs of equivalent size and zeta potential. Rapidly degrading, high thiol-containing NPs allowed for dramatic enhancement of cell longevity that was concurrent with macrophage stimulation after 2 weeks in ex vivo culture. While equivalent NP internalization resulted in suppressed caspase activity across the NP series, macrophage activation was correlated with increasing thiol content, leading to increased lysosomal activity and a robust pro-survival phenotype. Our results provide insight on tuning NP physiochemical properties as design handles for maximizing ex vivo macrophage longevity, which has implications for improving macrophage-based immune assays, biomanufacturing, and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader M Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Zachary Stillman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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130
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Pinto RM, Monteiro C, Costa Lima SA, Casal S, Van Dijck P, Martins MCL, Nunes C, Reis S. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine-Loaded Nanosystems as a Promising Therapeutic Approach Toward the Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42329-42343. [PMID: 34464076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a major health concern, mainly due to their contribution to increased bacterial resistance to well-known antibiotics. The conventional treatment of biofilms represents a challenge, and frequently, eradication is not achieved with long-lasting administration of antibiotics. In this context, the present work proposes an innovative therapeutic approach that is focused on the encapsulation of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) functionalized with d-amino acids to target and disrupt bacterial biofilms. The optimized formulations presented a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 200 nm, a low polydispersity index, and a high loading capacity. These formulations were stable under storage conditions up to 6 months. In vitro biocompatibility studies showed a low cytotoxicity effect in fibroblasts and a low hemolytic activity in human red blood cells. Nevertheless, unloaded LNPs showed a higher hemolytic potential than NAC-loaded LNPs, which suggests a safer profile of the latter. The in vitro antibiofilm efficacy of the developed formulations was tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) mature biofilms. The results showed that the NAC-loaded LNPs were ineffective against S. epidermidis biofilms, while a significant reduction of biofilm biomass and bacterial viability in P. aeruginosa biofilms were observed. In a more complex therapeutic approach, the LNPs were further combined with moxifloxacin, revealing a beneficial effect between the LNPs and the antibiotic against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Both alone and in combination with moxifloxacin, unloaded and NAC-loaded LNPs functionalized with d-amino acids showed a great potential to reduce bacterial viability, with no significant differences in the presence or absence of NAC. However, the presence of NAC in NAC-loaded functionalized LNPs shows a safer profile than the unloaded LNPs, which is beneficial for an in vivo application. Overall, the developed formulations present a potential therapeutic approach against P. aeruginosa biofilms, alone or in combination with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Claudia Monteiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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131
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Liu G, Zhu M, Zhao X, Nie G. Nanotechnology-empowered vaccine delivery for enhancing CD8 + T cells-mediated cellular immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113889. [PMID: 34364931 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
After centuries of development, using vaccination to stimulate immunity has become an effective method for prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases including infective diseases and cancers. However, the tailor-made efficient delivery system for specific antigens is still urgently needed due to the low immunogenicity and stability of antigens, especially for vaccines to induce CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity. Unlike B cells-mediated humoral immunity, CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity mainly aims at the intracellular antigens from microorganism in virus-infected cells or genetic mutations in tumor cells. Therefore, the vaccines for stimulating CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity should deliver the antigens efficiently into the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to form major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI)-antigen complex through cross-presentation, followed by activating CD8+ T cells for immune protection and clearance. Importantly, nanotechnology has been emerged as a powerful tool to facilitate these multiple processes specifically, allowing not only enhanced antigen immunogenicity and stability but also APCs-targeted delivery and elevated cross-presentation. This review summarizes the process of CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity induced by vaccines and the technical advantages of nanotechnology implementation in general, then provides an overview of the whole spectrum of nanocarriers studied so far and the recent development of delivery nanotechnology in vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. Finally, we look forward to the future development of nanotechnology for the next generation of vaccines to induce CD8+ T cells-mediated cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China.
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132
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Gold Nanoparticles: Multifaceted Roles in the Management of Autoimmune Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091289. [PMID: 34572503 PMCID: PMC8470500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been recently applied for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles (NPs), such as relative ease of synthesis in various sizes, shapes and charges, stability, high drug-loading capacity and relative availability for modification accompanied by non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility, make them an ideal field of research in bio-nanotechnology. Moreover, their potential to alleviate various inflammatory factors, nitrite species, and reactive oxygen production and the capacity to deliver therapeutic agents has attracted attention for further studies in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, the characteristics of GNPs and surface modification can modulate their toxicity, biodistribution, biocompatibility, and effects. This review discusses in vitro and in vivo effects of GNPs and their functionalized forms in managing various autoimmune disorders (Ads) such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.
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133
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Bhatia E, Kumari D, Sharma S, Ahamad N, Banerjee R. Nanoparticle platforms for dermal antiaging technologies: Insights in cellular and molecular mechanisms. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1746. [PMID: 34423571 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process defined by a progressive functional decline in physiological parameters. Skin, being one of the most vulnerable organs, shows early signs of aging which are predominantly affected by intrinsic factors like hormone, gender, mood, enzymes, and genetic predisposition, and extrinsic factors like exposure to radiation, air pollution, and heat. Visible morphological and anatomical changes associated with skin aging occur due to underlying physiological aberrations governed by numerous complex interactions at cellular and subcellular levels. Nanoparticles are perceived as a powerful tool in the cosmeceutical industry both for augmenting the efficacy of existing agents and as a novel standalone therapy. Both organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in antiaging applications. The use of nanoparticles helps to enhance the activity of antiaging molecules by selectively targeting cellular and molecular pathways. On the other hand, the nanoparticle platforms also gained increasing popularity as the skin protectant against extrinsic factors such as UV radiation and pollutants. This review comprehensively discusses skin aging and its mechanism by highlighting the impact on cellular, subcellular, and epigenetic elements. Importantly, the review elaborates on the examples of organic and inorganic nanoparticle-based formulations developed for antiaging application and provides mechanistic insights on how they modulate the mechanisms of skin aging. The clinical progress of nanoparticle antiaging technologies and factors that impact clinical translation are also explored. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshant Bhatia
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Durga Kumari
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Nadim Ahamad
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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135
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Morsink M, Parente L, Silva F, Abrantes A, Ramos A, Primo I, Willemen N, Sanchez-Lopez E, Severino P, Souto EB. Nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancers: properties, pharmacokinetics, biopharmaceutics, and biosafety. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:104-115. [PMID: 34348617 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210804102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the worldwide increasing rate of chronic diseases, such as cancer, the development of novel techniques to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents is highly demanded. Nanoparticles are especially well suited to encapsulate drugs and other therapeutic agents, bringing additional advantages, such as less frequent dosage requirements, reduced side effects due to specific targeting, and therefore increased patient compliance. However, with the increasing use of nanoparticles and their recent launch on the pharmaceutical market it is important to achieve high quality control of these advanced systems. In this review, we discuss the properties of different nanoparticles, the pharmacokinetics, the biosafety issues of concern, and conclude with novel nanotherapeutics and nanotheragnostics for cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Morsink
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. United States
| | - Lucia Parente
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Alexandra Abrantes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Ana Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Inês Primo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Niels Willemen
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. United States
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
| | - Patricia Severino
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. United States
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra. Portugal
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136
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Mei H, Li J, Cai S, Zhang X, Shi W, Zhu H, Cao J, He B. Mitochondria-acting carrier-free nanoplatform self-assembled by α-tocopheryl succinate carrying cisplatin for combinational tumor therapy. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab029. [PMID: 34221448 PMCID: PMC8242230 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsatisfactory drug loading capability, potential toxicity of the inert carrier and the limited therapeutic effect of a single chemotherapy drug are all vital inhibitory factors of carrier-assisted drug delivery systems for chemotherapy. To address the above obstacles, a series of carrier-free nanoplatforms self-assembled by dual-drug conjugates was constructed to reinforce chemotherapy against tumors by simultaneously disrupting intratumoral DNA activity and inhibiting mitochondria function. In this nanoplatform, the mitochondria-targeting small-molecular drug, α-tocopheryl succinate (TOS), firstly self-assembled into nanoparticles, which then were used as the carrier to conjugate cisplatin (CDDP). Systematic characterization results showed that this nanoplatform exhibited suitable particle size and a negative surface charge with good stability in physicochemical environments, as well as pH-sensitive drug release and efficient cellular uptake. Due to the combined effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by TOS and DNA damage by CDDP, the developed nanoplatform could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated cell apoptosis, resulting in highly efficient anti-tumor outcomes in vitro. Collectively, the combined design principles adopted for carrier-free nanodrugs construction in this study aimed at targeting different intracellular organelles for facilitating ROS production and DNA disruption can be extended to other carrier-free nanodrugs-dependent therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Mei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shengsheng Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuequan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenqiang Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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137
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Magadán S, Mikelez-Alonso I, Borrego F, González-Fernández Á. Nanoparticles and trained immunity: Glimpse into the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113821. [PMID: 34087325 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences show that innate immune cells can display changes in their functional programs after infection or vaccination, which lead to immunomodulation (increased or reduced responsiveness) upon secondary activation to the same stimuli or even to a different one. Innate cells acquire features of immunological memory, nowadays using the new term of "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory", which is different from the specific memory immune response elicited by B and T lymphocytes. The review focused on the concept of trained immunity, mostly on myeloid cells. Special attention is dedicated to the pathogen recognition along the evolution (bacteria, plants, invertebrate and vertebrate animals), and to techniques used to study epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic rewiring. Nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells offering a very promising way to learn about trained immunity. Nanomaterials could be modified in order to immunomodulate the responses ad hoc. Many therapeutic possibilities are opened, and they should be explored.
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138
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Muljajew I, Huschke S, Ramoji A, Cseresnyés Z, Hoeppener S, Nischang I, Foo W, Popp J, Figge MT, Weber C, Bauer M, Schubert US, Press AT. Stealth Effect of Short Polyoxazolines in Graft Copolymers: Minor Changes of Backbone End Group Determine Liver Cell-Type Specificity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12298-12313. [PMID: 34270899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dye-loaded micelles of 10 nm diameter formed from amphiphilic graft copolymers composed of a hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) backbone and hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) side chains with a degree of polymerization of 15 were investigated concerning their cellular interaction and uptake in vitro as well as their interaction with local and circulating cells of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver by intravital microscopy. Despite the high molar mass of the individual macromolecules (Mn ≈ 20 kg mol-1), backbone end group modification by attachment of a hydrophilic anionic fluorescent probe strongly affected the in vivo performance. To understand these effects, the end group was additionally modified by the attachment of four methacrylic acid repeating units. Although various micelles appeared similar in dynamic light scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, changes in the micelles were evident from principal component analysis of the Raman spectra. Whereas an efficient stealth effect was found for micelles formed from polymers with anionically charged or thiol end groups, a hydrophobic end group altered the micelles' structure sufficiently to adapt cell-type specificity and stealth properties in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Muljajew
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Huschke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zoltán Cseresnyés
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute Jena, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wanling Foo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute Jena, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany
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139
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Gharpure S, Ankamwar B. Use of nanotechnology in combating coronavirus. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 34221822 PMCID: PMC8238387 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent COVID-19 pandemic situation caused due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected global health as well as economics. There is global attention on prevention, diagnosis as well as treatment of COVID-19 infection which would help in easing the current situation. The use of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has been considered to be promising due to its excellent potential in managing various medical issues such as viruses which is a major threat. Nanoparticles have shown great potential in various biomedical applications and can prove to be of great use in antiviral therapy, especially over other conventional antiviral agents. This review focusses on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and the progression of the COVID-19 disease followed by currently available treatments for the same. Use of nanotechnology has been elaborated by exploiting various nanoparticles like metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymeric nanoparticles as well as lipid-based nanoparticles along with its mechanism of action against viruses which can prove to be beneficial in COVID-19 therapeutics. However, it needs to be considered that use of these nanotechnology-based approaches in COVID-19 therapeutics only aids the human immunity in fighting the infection. The main function is performed by the immune system in combatting any infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saee Gharpure
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Balaprasad Ankamwar
- Bio-Inspired Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007 India
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140
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Chirumbolo S. Vaccination hesitancy and the "myth" on mRNA-based vaccines in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Does urgency meet major safety criteria? J Med Virol 2021; 93:4049-4053. [PMID: 33666240 PMCID: PMC8014645 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign in Italy has started with a huge perplexity about vaccine efficacy, vaccine-borne adverse effects and vaccine clinical trial studies. In this commentary I tried to elucidate these issues, which represent a fundamental topic to be thoroughly addressed in COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
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141
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Pereira S, Santos RS, Moreira L, Guimarães N, Gomes M, Zhang H, Remaut K, Braeckmans K, De Smedt S, Azevedo NF. Lipoplexes to Deliver Oligonucleotides in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: Towards Treatment of Blood Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070989. [PMID: 34210111 PMCID: PMC8309032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens the ability to treat life-threatening bloodstream infections. Oligonucleotides (ONs) composed of nucleic acid mimics (NAMs) able to inhibit essential genes can become an alternative to traditional antibiotics, as long as they are safely transported in human serum upon intravenous administration and they are carried across the multilayered bacterial envelopes, impermeable to ONs. In this study, fusogenic liposomes were considered to transport the ONs and promote their internalization in clinically relevant bacteria. Locked nucleic acids and 2′-OMethyl RNA were evaluated as model NAMs and formulated into DOTAP–DOPE liposomes followed by post-PEGylation. Our data showed a complexation stability between the post-PEGylated liposomes and the ONs of over 82%, during 24 h in native human serum, as determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Quantification by a lipid-mixing assay showed that liposomes, with and without post-PEGylation, fused with all bacteria tested. Such fusion promoted the delivery of a fraction of the ONs into the bacterial cytosol, as observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and bacterial fractionation. In short, we demonstrated for the first time that liposomes can safely transport ONs in human serum and intracellularly deliver them in both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, which holds promise towards the treatment of bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (L.M.); (N.G.); (M.G.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Rita Sobral Santos
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (L.M.); (N.G.); (M.G.); (N.F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-08-48-71
| | - Luís Moreira
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (L.M.); (N.G.); (M.G.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Nuno Guimarães
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (L.M.); (N.G.); (M.G.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Mariana Gomes
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (L.M.); (N.G.); (M.G.); (N.F.A.)
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.Z.); (K.R.); (K.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.Z.); (K.R.); (K.B.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.Z.); (K.R.); (K.B.); (S.D.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.Z.); (K.R.); (K.B.); (S.D.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.P.); (L.M.); (N.G.); (M.G.); (N.F.A.)
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142
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Swaminathan G, Shigna A, Kumar A, Byroju VV, Durgempudi VR, Dinesh Kumar L. RNA Interference and Nanotechnology: A Promising Alliance for Next Generation Cancer Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.694838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health hazard of the 21st century, and GLOBOCAN predicts increasing cancer incidence in the coming decades. Though several conventional treatment modalities exist, most of them end up causing off-target and debilitating effects, and drug resistance acquisition. Advances in our understanding of tumor molecular biology offer alternative strategies for precise, robust, and potentially less toxic treatment paradigms for circumventing the disease at the cellular and molecular level. Several deregulated molecules associated with tumorigenesis have been developed as targets in RNA interference (RNAi) based cancer therapeutics. RNAi, a post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism, has significantly gained attention because of its precise multi-targeted gene silencing. Although the RNAi approach is favorable, the direct administration of small oligonucleotides has not been fruitful because of their inherent lower half-lives and instability in the biological systems. Moreover, the lack of an appropriate delivery system to the primary site of the tumor that helps determine the potency of the drug and its reach, has limited the effective medical utilization of these bio-drugs. Nanotechnology, with its unique characteristics of enhanced permeation and better tumor-targeting efficiency, offers promising solutions owing to the various possibilities and amenability for modifications of the nanoparticles to augment cancer therapeutics. Nanoparticles could be made multimodal, by designing and synthesizing multiple desired functionalities, often resulting in unique and potentially applicable biological structures. A small number of Phase I clinical trials with systemically administered siRNA molecules conjugated with nanoparticles have been completed and the results are promising, indicating that, these new combinatorial therapies can successfully and safely be used to inhibit target genes in cancer patients to alleviate some of the disease burden. In this review, we highlight different types of nano-based delivery strategies for engineering Nano-RNAi-based bio drugs. Furthermore, we have highlighted the insights gained from current research that are entering the preclinical evaluation and information about initial clinical developments, shaping the future for next generation cancer therapeutics.
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143
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Ahmed I, Rehman SU, Shahmohamadnejad S, Zia MA, Ahmad M, Saeed MM, Akram Z, Iqbal HMN, Liu Q. Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:3389. [PMID: 34205169 PMCID: PMC8199938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer-both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials-has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
| | - Shiva Shahmohamadnejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran;
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.Z.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (SBBUVAS), Sakrand 67210, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Saeed
- Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.Z.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Zain Akram
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849 Monterrey, Mexico;
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China;
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MacCuspie RI, Hill WC, Hall DR, Korchevskiy A, Strode CD, Kennedy AJ, Ballentine ML, Rycroft T, Hull MS. Prevention through design: insights from computational fluid dynamics modeling to predict exposure to ultrafine particles from 3D printing. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:458-474. [PMID: 33641630 PMCID: PMC8044021 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1886210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers are increasingly used in industrial, academic, military, and residential sectors, yet their emissions and associated user exposure scenarios are not fully described. Characterization of potential user exposure and environmental releases requires robust investigation. During operation, common FFF 3D printers emit varying amounts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) depending upon feedstock material and operation procedures. Volatile organic compounds associated with these emissions exhibit distinct odors; however, the UFP portion is largely imperceptible by humans. This investigation presents straightforward computational modeling as well as experimental validation to provide actionable insights for the proactive design of lower exposure spaces where 3D printers may be used. Specifically, data suggest that forced clean airflows may create lower exposure spaces, and that computational modeling might be employed to predict these spaces with reasonable accuracy to assist with room design. The configuration and positioning of room air ventilation diffusers may be a key factor in identifying lower exposure spaces. A workflow of measuring emissions during a printing process in an ANSI/CAN/UL 2904 environmental chamber was used to provide data for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of a 6 m2 room. Measurements of the particle concentrations in a Class 1000 clean room of identical geometry were found to pass the Hanna test for agreement between model and experimental data, validating the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel R. Hall
- Chemistry & Industrial Hygiene, Inc., Wheat Ridge, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Alan J. Kennedy
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Mark L. Ballentine
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Taylor Rycroft
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Matthew S. Hull
- NanoSafe, Inc., Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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145
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Khorsandi K, Hosseinzadeh R, Sadat Esfahani H, Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Ur Rahman S. Nanomaterials as drug delivery systems with antibacterial properties: current trends and future priorities. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1299-1323. [PMID: 33755503 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1908125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Despite extensive advances in the production and synthesis of antibiotics, infectious diseases are one of the main problems of the 21st century due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) distributing in organisms. Therefore, researchers in nanotechnology have focused on new strategies to formulate and synthesis the different types of nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial properties.Areas covered:The present review focuses on nanoparticles which are divided into two groups, organic (micelles, liposomes, polymer-based and lipid-based NPs) and inorganic (metals and metal oxides). NPs can penetrate the cell wall then destroy permeability of cell membrane, the structure and function of cell macromolecules by producing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventually kill the bacteria. Moreover, their characteristics and mechanism in various bacteria especially MDR bacteria and finally their biocompatibility and the factors affecting their activity have been discussed.Expert opinion:Nanotechnology has led to higher drug absorption, targeted drug delivery and fewer side effects. NPs can overcome MDR through affecting several targets in the bacteria cell and synergistically increase the effectiveness of current antibiotics. Moreover, organic NPs with regard to their biodegradability and biocompatibility characteristics can be suitable agents for medical applications. However, they are less stable in environment in comparison to inorganic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Sadat Esfahani
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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146
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Imraish A, Abu Thiab T, Al-Awaida W, Al-Ameer HJ, Bustanji Y, Hammad H, Alsharif M, Al-Hunaiti A. In vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ZnFe 2 O 4 and CrFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles synthesized using Boswellia carteri resin. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13730. [PMID: 33880765 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of plant-based nano-materials is considered an eco-friendly technology because it does not involve hazardous chemicals. In this study, bimetallic ZnFe2 O4 and CrFe2 O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Boswellia carteri resin. Synthesized ZnFe2 O4 and CrFe2 O4 nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and HR-TEM. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, whereas antioxidant activity was examined using a Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity Assay, Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity Assay, and ABTS Radical Scavenging Assay. ZnFe2 O4 and CrFe2 O4 nanoparticles demonstrated a moderate scavenger of H2 O2 with IC50 values; 87.528 ± 8 μg/ml and 146.4468 ± 12 μg/ml, respectively. While they exhibited a strong scavenger of NO with IC50 values; 4.01 ± 0.7 μg/ml and 4.01 ± 0.7μg/ml, respectively. Interestingly, ZnFe2 O4 and CrFe2 O4 nanoparticles revealed an excellent anti-inflammatory activity by dose-dependently suppressing mRNA expressions of IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-α. Also, ZnFe2 O4 and CrFe2 O4 nanoparticles suppress the protein expression of TNF-α. Together, our results proved that phyto-mediated ZnFe2 O4 and CrFe2 O4 nanoparticles using Boswellia carteri resin have great potential in biomedical applications such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our phyto-synthesized chromium iron oxide bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown a novel and potent anti-inflammatory activity, with remarkable biosafety toward tested macrophages. Zinc iron oxide bimetallic NPs exhibited anti-inflammatory effect with a lesser extent compared to the former, with moderate cytotoxicity against tested macrophages. Both zinc and chromium iron oxide NPs exhibited an equivalent antioxidant activity. Our resin-capped chromium iron oxide NPs are suggested to be a competing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent; it is further recommended to establish advanced animal studies to confirm their biosafety, stability, and anti-inflammatory activity accompanied with the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tuqa Abu Thiab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hana Hammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mays Alsharif
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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147
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Mercadante V, Scarpa E, De Matteis V, Rizzello L, Poma A. Engineering Polymeric Nanosystems against Oral Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:2229. [PMID: 33924289 PMCID: PMC8070659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology and nanoparticles (NPs) are at the forefront of modern research, particularly in the case of healthcare therapeutic applications. Polymeric NPs, specifically, hold high promise for these purposes, including towards oral diseases. Careful optimisation of the production of polymeric NPs, however, is required to generate a product which can be easily translated from a laboratory environment to the actual clinical usage. Indeed, considerations such as biocompatibility, biodistribution, and biodegradability are paramount. Moreover, a pre-clinical assessment in adequate in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo model is also required. Last but not least, considerations for the scale-up are also important, together with an appropriate clinical testing pathway. This review aims to eviscerate the above topics, sourcing at examples from the recent literature to put in context the current most burdening oral diseases and the most promising polymeric NPs which would be suitable against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mercadante
- Division of Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Bloomsbury Campus, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6DE, UK;
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (L.R.)
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, Via Monteroni, c/o Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (L.R.)
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poma
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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148
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Leboux RJT, Schipper P, van Capel TMM, Kong L, van der Maaden K, Kros A, Jiskoot W, de Jong EC, Bouwstra JA. Antigen Uptake After Intradermal Microinjection Depends on Antigen Nature and Formulation, but Not on Injection Depth. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:642788. [PMID: 35386985 PMCID: PMC8974696 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.642788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an attractive alternative administration route for allergy vaccination, as the skin is rich in dendritic cells (DCs) and is easily accessible. In the skin multiple subsets of DCs with distinct roles reside at different depths. In this study antigen (=allergen for allergy) formulations were injected in ex vivo human skin in a depth-controlled manner by using a hollow microneedle injection system. Biopsies were harvested at the injection site, which were then cultured for 72 h. Subsequently, the crawled-out cells were collected from the medium and analyzed with flow cytometry. Intradermal administration of ovalbumin (OVA, model antigen) solution at various depths in the skin did not affect the migration and maturation of DCs. OVA was taken up efficiently by the DCs, and this was not affected by the injection depth. In contrast, Bet v 1, the major allergen in birch pollen allergy, was barely taken up by dermal DCs (dDCs). Antigens were more efficiently taken up by CD14+ dDCs than CD1a+ dDCs, which in turn were more efficient at taken up antigen than Langerhans cells. Subsequently, both OVA and Bet v 1 were formulated in cationic and anionic liposomes, which altered antigen uptake drastically following intradermal microinjection. While OVA uptake was reduced by formulation in liposomes, Bet v 1 uptake in dDCs was increased by encapsulation in both cationic and anionic liposomes. This highlights the potential use of liposomes as adjuvant in intradermal allergy vaccine delivery. In conclusion, we observed that antigen uptake after intradermal injection was not affected by injection depth, but varied between different antigens and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain J. T. Leboux
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pim Schipper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Toni M. M. van Capel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lily Kong
- Division of Supramolecular Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Koen van der Maaden
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- TECO Development GmbH, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Alexander Kros
- Division of Supramolecular Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Esther C. de Jong
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Joke A. Bouwstra
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149
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A smart viral vector for targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7030. [PMID: 33782428 PMCID: PMC8007742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells remains a fundamental problem in cancer therapy. Effective encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs in nano-vehicles can improve their pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and prevent off-target localization. We have devised a method for easy chemical conjugation and multivalent display of a tumor-homing peptide to virus-like particles of a non-mammalian virus, Flock House Virus (FHV), to engineer it into a smart vehicle for targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs. This conjugation method provides dual functionalization to the VLPs, first, a 2 kDa PEG spacer arm shields VLPs from immune reactivity, and second, attachment of the tumor homing peptide tLyP-1 chauffeurs the encapsulated hydrophobic drugs to target cells. The fortuitous affinity of the FHV capsid towards hydrophobic molecules, and dependence on Ca2+ for maintaining a stable capsid shell, were utilized for incorporation of hydrophobic drugs—doxorubicin and ellipticine—in tLyP-1 conjugated VLPs. The drug release profile from the VLP was observed to be gradual, and strictly endosomal pH dependent. We propose that this accessible platform empowers surface functionalization of VLP with numerous ligands containing terminal cysteines, for generating competent delivery vehicles, antigenic display and other biomedical applications.
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150
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Niculescu AG, Chircov C, Bîrcă AC, Grumezescu AM. Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:864. [PMID: 33800636 PMCID: PMC8066900 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices emerged due to an interdisciplinary "collision" between chemistry, physics, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Such devices can act as reaction vessels for many chemical and biological processes, reducing the occupied space, equipment costs, and reaction times while enhancing the quality of the synthesized products. Due to this series of advantages compared to classical synthesis methods, microfluidic technology managed to gather considerable scientific interest towards nanomaterials production. Thus, a new era of possibilities regarding the design and development of numerous applications within the pharmaceutical and medical fields has emerged. In this context, the present review provides a thorough comparison between conventional methods and microfluidic approaches for nanomaterials synthesis, presenting the most recent research advancements within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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