101
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Cellular Reprogramming Using Defined Factors and MicroRNAs. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7530942. [PMID: 27382371 PMCID: PMC4921148 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7530942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of human bodies, organs, and tissues contains numerous steps of cellular differentiation including an initial zygote, embryonic stem (ES) cells, three germ layers, and multiple expertized lineages of cells. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been recently developed using defined reprogramming factors such as Nanog, Klf5, Oct3/4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, and Myc. This outstanding innovation is largely changing life science and medicine. Methods of direct reprogramming of cells into myocytes, neurons, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts have been further developed using modified combination of factors such as N-myc, L-myc, Sox9, and microRNAs in defined cell/tissue culture conditions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are also emerging multipotent stem cells with particular microRNA expression signatures. It was shown that miRNA-720 had a role in cellular reprogramming through targeting the pluripotency factor Nanog and induction of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). This review reports histories, topics, and idea of cellular reprogramming.
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102
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Sun W, Zhao C, Li Y, Wang L, Nie G, Peng J, Wang A, Zhang P, Tian W, Li Q, Song J, Wang C, Xu X, Tian Y, Zhao D, Xu Z, Zhong G, Han B, Ling S, Chang YZ, Li Y. Osteoclast-derived microRNA-containing exosomes selectively inhibit osteoblast activity. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16015. [PMID: 27462462 PMCID: PMC4886818 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have an important role in bone homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanism of microRNA-mediated intercellular communication between bone cells remains elusive. Here, we report that osteoclasts secrete microRNA-enriched exosomes, by which miR-214 is transferred into osteoblasts to inhibit their function. In a coculture system, inhibition of exosome formation and secretion prevented miR-214 transportation. Exosomes specifically recognized osteoblasts through the interaction between ephrinA2 and EphA2. In osteoclast-specific miR-214 transgenic mice, exosomes were secreted into the serum, and miR-214 and ephrinA2 levels were elevated. Therefore, these exosomes have an inhibitory role in osteoblast activity. miR-214 and ephrinA2 levels in serum exosomes from osteoporotic patients and mice were upregulated substantially. These exosomes may significantly inhibit osteoblast activity. Inhibition of exosome secretion via Rab27a small interfering RNA prevented ovariectomized-induced osteoblast dysfunction in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that exosome-mediated transfer of microRNA plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblast activity. Circulating miR-214 in exosomes not only represents a biomarker for bone loss but could selectively regulate osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiming Tian
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Zi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Bingxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
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103
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Martin E, Qureshi A, Dasa V, Freitas M, Gimble J, Davis T. MicroRNA regulation of stem cell differentiation and diseases of the bone and adipose tissue: Perspectives on miRNA biogenesis and cellular transcriptome. Biochimie 2016; 124:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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104
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Seenprachawong K, Nuchnoi P, Nantasenamat C, Prachayasittikul V, Supokawej A. Computational identification of miRNAs that modulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1976. [PMID: 27168985 PMCID: PMC4860310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding RNAs that play an instrumental role in post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression. Genes related to osteogenesis (i.e., RUNX2, COL1A1 and OSX) is important in controlling the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to bone tissues. The regulated expression level of miRNAs is critically important for the differentiation of MSCs to preosteoblasts. The understanding of miRNA regulation in osteogenesis could be applied for future applications in bone defects. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the mechanistic pathway underlying osteogenesis by predicting miRNAs that may modulate this pathway. This study investigates RUNX2, which is a major transcription factor for osteogenesis that drives MSCs into preosteoblasts. Three different prediction tools were employed for identifying miRNAs related to osteogenesis using the 3’UTR of RUNX2 as the target gene. Of the 1,023 miRNAs, 70 miRNAs were found by at least two of the tools. Candidate miRNAs were then selected based on their free energy values, followed by assessing the probability of target accessibility. The results showed that miRNAs 23b, 23a, 30b, 143, 203, 217, and 221 could regulate the RUNX2 gene during the differentiation of MSCs to preosteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Seenprachawong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Pornlada Nuchnoi
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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105
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LIAO YUXIANG, LV GUOHUA, WANG BING, KUANG LEI, WANG XIAOBIN. Imatinib promotes apoptosis of giant cell tumor cells by targeting microRNA-30a-mediated runt-related transcription factor 2. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1739-45. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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106
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Shields BB, Pecot CV, Gao H, McMillan E, Potts M, Nagel C, Purinton S, Wang Y, Ivan C, Kim HS, Borkowski RJ, Khan S, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Lea J, Gazdar A, Baggerly KA, Sood AK, White MA. A genome-scale screen reveals context-dependent ovarian cancer sensitivity to miRNA overexpression. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:842. [PMID: 26655797 PMCID: PMC4704493 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large‐scale molecular annotation of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) indicates remarkable heterogeneity in the etiology of that disease. This diversity presents a significant obstacle against intervention target discovery. However, inactivation of miRNA biogenesis is commonly associated with advanced disease. Thus, restoration of miRNA activity may represent a common vulnerability among diverse EOC oncogenotypes. To test this, we employed genome‐scale, gain‐of‐function, miRNA mimic toxicity screens in a large, diverse spectrum of EOC cell lines. We found that all cell lines responded to at least some miRNA mimics, but that the nature of the miRNA mimics provoking a response was highly selective within the panel. These selective toxicity profiles were leveraged to define modes of action and molecular response indicators for miRNA mimics with tumor‐suppressive characteristics in vivo. A mechanistic principle emerging from this analysis was sensitivity of EOC to miRNA‐mediated release of cell fate specification programs, loss of which may be a prerequisite for development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Shields
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Gao
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Malia Potts
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christa Nagel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott Purinton
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Robert J Borkowski
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Jayanthi Lea
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adi Gazdar
- Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Departments of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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107
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Kushwaha P, Khedgikar V, Sharma D, Yuen T, Gautam J, Ahmad N, Karvande A, Mishra PR, Trivedi PK, Sun L, Bhadada SK, Zaidi M, Trivedi R. MicroRNA 874-3p Exerts Skeletal Anabolic Effects Epigenetically during Weaning by Suppressing Hdac1 Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3959-66. [PMID: 26663087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic skeletogenesis and postnatal bone development require the transfer of calcium from the mother to the offspring during pregnancy and lactation. Therefore, bone resorption in the mother becomes elevated during these periods, resulting in significant maternal skeletal loss. There follows an anabolic phase around weaning during which there is a remarkable recovery of the maternal skeleton. However, the mechanism(s) of this anabolic response remain(s) largely unknown. We identified eight differentially expressed miRNAs by array profiling, of which miR-874-3p was highly expressed at weaning, a time when bone loss was noted to recover. We report that this weaning-associated miRNA is an anabolic target. Therefore, an agomir of miR-874-3p induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. These actions were mediated through the inhibition of Hdac1 expression and enhanced Runx2 transcriptional activation. When injected in vivo, the agomir significantly increased osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, reversed bone loss caused by ovariectomy, and increased bone strength. We speculate that elevated miR-874-3p expression during weaning enhances bone formation and that this miRNA may become a therapeutic target for conditions of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- From the Endocrinology Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, and
| | | | - Deepika Sharma
- the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Tony Yuen
- the The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, and
| | | | | | | | - Prabhat R Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prabodh K Trivedi
- the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Li Sun
- the The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, and
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Mone Zaidi
- the The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, and
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108
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A serum microRNA signature associated with complete remission and progression after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1874-83. [PMID: 25593199 PMCID: PMC4359338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined serum microRNA expression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients at diagnosis and at complete response (CR) after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), in patients with stable monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and in healthy controls. MicroRNAs were first profiled using TaqMan Human MicroRNA Arrays. Differentially expressed microRNAs were then validated by individual TaqMan MicroRNA assays and correlated with CR and progression-free survival (PFS) after ASCT. Supervised analysis identified a differentially expressed 14-microRNA signature. The differential expression of miR-16 (P = 0.028), miR-17 (P = 0.016), miR-19b (P = 0.009), miR-20a (P = 0.017) and miR-660 (P = 0.048) at diagnosis and CR was then confirmed by individual assays. In addition, high levels of miR-25 were related to the presence of oligoclonal bands (P = 0.002). Longer PFS after ASCT was observed in patients with high levels of miR-19b (6 vs. 1.8 years; P < 0.001) or miR-331 (8.6 vs. 2.9 years; P = 0.001). Low expression of both miR-19b and miR-331 in combination was a marker of shorter PFS (HR 5.3; P = 0.033). We have identified a serum microRNA signature with potential as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in MM.
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109
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Hu E, Ding L, Miao H, Liu F, Liu D, Dou H, Hou Y. MiR-30a attenuates immunosuppressive functions of IL-1β-elicited mesenchymal stem cells via targeting TAB3. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3899-907. [PMID: 26555189 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to modulate the immune response, and their abnormalities are related to several diseases. We previously reported that miR-30a expression significantly increased in the maternal-fetal interface during preeclampsia (PE), but the effects of miR-30a on the immunoregulatory characteristics of MSCs are unclear. In this study, we determined that miR-30a over-expression inhibited the IL-1β-elicited activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and JNK signaling pathways and the production of IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and IL-8 by targeting transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 3 (TAB3) in MSCs. Moreover, the over-expression of miR-30a also impaired MSCs' anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages. These data demonstrated that miR-30a in MSCs may participate in the immune dysregulation of the maternal-fetal interface during PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Liang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Huishuang Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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110
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Weilner S, Skalicky S, Salzer B, Keider V, Wagner M, Hildner F, Gabriel C, Dovjak P, Pietschmann P, Grillari-Voglauer R, Grillari J, Hackl M. Differentially circulating miRNAs after recent osteoporotic fractures can influence osteogenic differentiation. Bone 2015; 79:43-51. [PMID: 26026730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the consequence of altered bone metabolism resulting in the systemic reduction of bone strength and increased risk of fragility fractures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level and are known to take part in the control of bone formation and bone resorption. In addition, it is known that miRNAs are secreted by many cell types and can transfer "messages" to recipient cells. Thus, circulating miRNAs might not only be useful as surrogate biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of pathological conditions, but could be actively modulating tissue physiology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether circulating miRNAs that exhibit changes in recent osteoporotic fracture patients could be causally related to bone metabolism. In the first step we performed an explorative analysis of 175 miRNAs in serum samples obtained from 7 female patients with recent osteoporotic fractures at the femoral neck, and 7 age-matched female controls. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed a high discriminatory power of the top 10 circulating miRNAs for patients with recent osteoporotic fractures. In total 6 miRNAs, miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-133b, miR-22-3p, miR-328-3p, and let-7g-5p exhibited significantly different serum levels in response to fracture (adjusted p-value<0.05). These miRNAs were subsequently analyzed in a validation cohort of 23 patients (11 control, 12 fracture), which confirmed significant regulation for miR-22-3p, miR-328-3p, and let-7g-5p. A set of these and of other miRNAs known to change in the context of osteoporotic fractures were subsequently tested for their effects on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The results show that 5 out of 7 tested miRNAs can modulate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that levels of specific circulating miRNAs change in the context of recent osteoporotic fractures and that such perturbations of "normal" levels might affect bone metabolism or bone healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Weilner
- CD Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Benjamin Salzer
- CD Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Keider
- CD Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Florian Hildner
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Dovjak
- Salzkammergut-Klinikum Gmunden, 4810 Gmunden, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Grillari
- CD Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; TAmiRNA GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Evercyte GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Hackl
- CD Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; TAmiRNA GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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111
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Meng YB, Li X, Li ZY, Zhao J, Yuan XB, Ren Y, Cui ZD, Liu YD, Yang XJ. microRNA-21 promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by the PI3K/β-catenin pathway. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:957-64. [PMID: 25728838 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is essential for bone repair. Recently, microRNAs have been proven to play an important role in the regulation of MSC differentiation, including osteogenesis. Here, the function of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) was investigated. Briefly, the miR-21 mimics (m-miR-21) and the antisense miR-21 (as-miR-21) were transfected to hUMSCs, and the capacity of miR-21 for the osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs was evaluated by the expression of osteogenic markers encoding alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related gene-2 (RUNX-2) and osteocalcin (OCN), as well as by Alizarin red S staining. The results indicated that the overexpression of miR-21 elevated the expression level of the osteogenesis-related genes of hUMSCs. During this process, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway activity had an increasing tendency responding to miR-21 up-regulation. This enhancement promoted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, leading to the stabilization and high concentration accumulation of β-catenin in cytoplasm to activate the transcription of RUNX-2, and finally increased the osteogenesis of hUMSCs. This work demonstrated that miR-21 and its target PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway played an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs by stabilizing β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ren
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences & Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Duo Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yun-De Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Jin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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112
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Ribeiro AO, Schoof CRG, Izzotti A, Pereira LV, Vasques LR. MicroRNAs: modulators of cell identity, and their applications in tissue engineering. Microrna 2015; 3:45-53. [PMID: 25069512 PMCID: PMC4262937 DOI: 10.2174/2211536603666140522003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of approximately 60% of the mammalian genes, and have an important role in maintaining the differentiated state of somatic cells through the expression of unique tissue-specific microRNA sets. Likewise, the stemness of pluripotent cells is also sustained by embryonic stem cell-enriched microRNAs, which regulate genes involved in cell cycle, cell signaling and epigenetics, among others. Thus, microRNAs work as modulator molecules that ensure the appropriate expression profile of each cell type. Manipulation of microRNA expression might determine the cell fate. Indeed, microRNA-mediated reprogramming can change the differentiated status of somatic cells towards stemness or, conversely, microRNAs can also transform stem- into differentiated-cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this Review, we outline what is currently known in this field, focusing on the applications of microRNA in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciana R Vasques
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rua do Matao, 277- 05508-090, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
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mir-21 overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells accelerate fracture healing in a rat closed femur fracture model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:412327. [PMID: 25879024 PMCID: PMC4386680 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in numerous biological processes. Emerging pieces of evidence suggest that microRNAs play important roles in osteogenesis and skeletal homeostasis. Recent studies indicated the significant regulation function of mir-21 in osteogenesis in vitro, but little information is known about its veritable functions in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mir-21 intervention on osteogenic differentiation of rats bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and repair capacity in rats closed femur fracture model with internal fixation. The results showed that the upregulation of mir-21 not only increased the expression of osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase in rBMSCs but also promoted mineralization in the condition of osteogenic induction. Furthermore, the bone healing properties were also improved in fracture healing model according to the results of micro-CT, mechanical test, and histological analysis. The current study confirms that the overexpression of mir-21 could promote osteogenesis and accelerate bone fracture healing, which may contribute to a new therapeutic way for fracture repair.
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114
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Li H, Yang F, Wang Z, Fu Q, Liang A. MicroRNA-21 promotes osteogenic differentiation by targeting small mothers against decapentaplegic 7. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1561-7. [PMID: 25815684 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may positively or negatively control osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by targeting negative regulators of osteogenesis or important osteogenic factors. miR-21 is important in osteoblast differentiation and Smad7 is a critical regulator of osteogenic differentiation, which inhibits proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in mouse osteoblast cells. However, the association between Smad7 and miR-21 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, miR-21 was found to promote the level of osteogenic differentiation and increase matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, Smad7 was identified as a direct target of miR-21 in the MC3T3-E1 cells. The overexpression of miR-21 affected the protein levels of SMAD7, but not the mRNA levels, which suggested that miR-21 regulates the levels of SMAD7 by inhibiting translation, rather than by promoting mRNA decay. Forced expression of miR-21 promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, while inhibition of miR-21 suppressed these processes. The present study also identified for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by miR-21, by repressing the expression of Smad7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - A Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, P.R. China
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115
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Ding W, Li J, Singh J, Alif R, Vazquez-Padron RI, Gomes SA, Hare JM, Shehadeh LA. miR-30e targets IGF2-regulated osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, and ApoE-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:131-42. [PMID: 25678587 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Activation of an osteogenic transcriptional program contributes to the initiation of aortic calcification in atherosclerosis. The role of microRNAs in regulating aortic calcification is understudied. We tested the hypothesis that miR-30e regulates an osteogenic program in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and ApoE(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS In aortas of wild-type mice, we found that miR-30e is highly expressed in medial SMCs. In aortas of old ApoE(-/-) mice, we found that miR-30e transcripts are down-regulated in an inverse relation to the osteogenic markers Runx2, Opn, and Igf2. In vitro, miR-30e over-expression reduced the proliferation of MSCs and SMCs while increasing adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and smooth muscle differentiation of SMCs. In MSCs and SMCs over-expressing miR-30e, microarrays and qPCR showed repression of an osteogenic gene panel including Igf2. Inhibiting miR-30e in MSCs increased Igf2 transcripts. In SMCs, IGF2 recombinant protein rescued miR-30e-repressed osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase and mutagenesis assays showed binding of miR-30e to a novel and essential site at the 3'UTR of Igf2. In ApoE(-/-) mice, injections of antimiR-30e oligos increased Igf2 expression in the aortas and livers and significantly enhanced OPN protein expression and calcium deposition in aortic valves. CONCLUSION miR-30e represses the osteogenic program in MSCs and SMCs by targeting IGF2 and drives their differentiation into adipogenic or smooth muscle lineage, respectively. Our data suggest that down-regulation of miR-30e in aortas with age and atherosclerosis triggers vascular calcification. The miR-30e pathway plays an important regulatory role in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jihe Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jayanti Singh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Razan Alif
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Samirah A Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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116
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Targeting the hsp70 gene delays mammary tumor initiation and inhibits tumor cell metastasis. Oncogene 2015; 34:5460-71. [PMID: 25659585 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the inducible heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp72) have been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis in histological investigations of human breast cancer. We therefore examined the role of Hsp72 in mice, using animals in which the hsp70 gene was inactivated. We used a spontaneous tumor system with mice expressing the polyomavirus middle T (PyMT) oncogene under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long-terminal repeat (MMT mice). These mice developed spontaneous, metastatic mammary cancer. We then showed Hsp72 to be upregulated in a fraction of mammary cancer initiating cells (CIC) within the MMT tumor cell population. These cells were characterized by elevated surface levels of stem cell markers CD44 and Sca1 and by rapid metastasis. Inactivation of the hsp70 gene delayed the initiation of mammary tumors. This delay in tumor initiation imposed by loss of hsp70 was correlated with a decreased pool of CIC. Interestingly, hsp70 knockout significantly reduced invasion and metastasis by mammary tumor cells and implicated its product Hsp72 in cell migration and formation of secondary neoplasms. Impaired tumorigenesis and metastasis in hsp70-knockout MMT mice was associated with downregulation of the met gene and reduced activition of the oncogenic c-Met protein. These experiments therefore showed Hsp72 to be involved in the growth and progression of mammary carcinoma and highlighted this protein as a potential target for anticancer drug development.
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Association of SOX4 regulated by tumor suppressor miR-30a with poor prognosis in low-grade chondrosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3843-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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118
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Park YS, Hwang S, Jin YM, Yu Y, Jung SA, Jung SC, Ryu KH, Kim HS, Jo I. CCN1 secreted by tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis via integrin αv β3 and AMPK. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:140-9. [PMID: 24909560 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CCN1 is highly expressed in cancer cells and has been identified in the secretome of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC). Although secreted CCN1 is known to promote angiogenesis, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined whether our recently-established tonsil-derived MSC (T-MSC) secrete CCN1 and, if any, how CCN1 promotes the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Compared with untreated control T-MSC, a higher level of CCN1 was secreted by T-MSC treated with activin A and sonic hedgehog, drugs known to induce endodermal differentiation. Expectedly, conditioned medium collected from differentiated T-MSC (DCM) significantly increased HUVEC migration and tube formation compared with that from control T-MSC (CCM), and these stimulatory effects were reversed by neutralization with anti-CCN1 antibody. Treatment with recombinant human CCN1 (rh-CCN1) alone also mimicked the stimulatory effects of DCM. Furthermore, treatment with either DCM or rh-CCN1 increased the phosphorylation of AMP kinase (AMPK), and ectopic expression of siRNA of the AMPK gene inhibited all observed effects of both DCM and rh-CCN1. However, no alteration of intracellular ATP levels or phosphorylation of LKB1, a well-known upstream factor of AMPK activation, was observed under our conditions. Finally, the neutralization of integrin α(v) β(3) with anti-integrin α(v) β(3) antibody almost completely reversed the effects of CCN1 on AMPK phosphorylation, and EC migration and tube formation. Taken together, we demonstrated that T-MSC increase the secretion of CCN1 in response to endodermal differentiation and that integrin α(v) β(3) and AMPK mediate CCN1-induced EC migration and tube formation independent of intracellular ATP levels alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, and Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Mok-6-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
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Chiu SC, Chung HY, Cho DY, Chan TM, Liu MC, Huang HM, Li TY, Lin JY, Chou PC, Fu RH, Yang WK, Harn HJ, Lin SZ. Therapeutic potential of microRNA let-7: tumor suppression or impeding normal stemness. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:459-69. [PMID: 24816444 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first microRNA, let-7, and its family were discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and are functionally conserved from worms to humans in the regulation of embryonic development and stemness. The let-7 family has been shown to have an essential role in stem cell differentiation and tumor-suppressive activity. Deregulating expression of let-7 is commonly reported in many human cancers. Emerging evidence has accumulated and suggests that reestablishment of let-7 in tumor cells is a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, findings reach beyond tumor therapeutics and may impinge on stemness and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the role of let-7 in development and differentiation of normal adult stem/progenitor cells and offer a viewpoint of the association between deregulated let-7 expression and tumorigenesis. The regulation of let-7 expression, cancer-relevant let-7 targets, and the application of let-7 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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120
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A novel collagen-nanohydroxyapatite microRNA-activated scaffold for tissue engineering applications capable of efficient delivery of both miR-mimics and antagomiRs to human mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2014; 200:42-51. [PMID: 25550154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of gene expression through the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) offers tremendous potential for the field of tissue engineering. However, the lack of sufficient site-specific and bioactive delivery systems has severely hampered the clinical translation of miRNA-based therapies. In this study, we developed a novel non-viral bioactive delivery platform for miRNA mimics and antagomiRs to allow for a vast range of therapeutic applications. By combining nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) particles with reporter miRNAs (nanomiRs) and collagen-nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds, this work introduces the first non-viral, non-lipid platform to date, capable of efficient delivery of mature miRNA molecules to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a particularly difficult cell type to transfect effectively, with minimal treatment-associated cytotoxicity. Firstly, miRNAs were successfully delivered to hMSCs in monolayer, with internalisation efficiencies of 17.4 and 39.6% for nanomiR-mimics and nanoantagomiRs respectively, and both nanomiR-mimics and nanoantagomiRs yielded sustained interfering activity of greater than 90% in monolayer over 7 days. When applied to 3D scaffolds, significant RNA interference of 20% for nanomiR-mimics and 88.4% for nanoantagomiRs was achieved with no cytotoxicity issues over a 7 day period. In summary, in-house synthesised non-viral nHA particles efficiently delivered reporter miRNAs both in monolayer and on scaffolds demonstrating the immense potential of this innovative miRNA-activated scaffold system for tissue engineering applications.
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121
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Johanson TM, Cmero M, Wettenhall J, Lew AM, Zhan Y, Chong MMW. A microRNA expression atlas of mouse dendritic cell development. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:480-5. [PMID: 25533289 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinel cells of the immune system and are essential for inducing a proper immune response. The mechanisms driving the development of DCs are not fully understood. Although the roles of cytokines and transcription factors have been a major focus, there is now substantial interest in the role of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs for translational repression and ultimately degradation. By means of deep sequencing, we have assembled a comprehensive and quantitative resource of miRNA expression during DC development. We show that mature DCs and their hematopoietic progenitors can be distinguished based on miRNA expression profiles. On the other hand, we show that functionally distinct conventional and plasmacytoid DC subsets are indistinguishable based on miRNA profile. In addition, we identify differences between ex vivo purified conventional DCs and their in vitro Flt3L-generated counterparts. This miRNA expression atlas will provide a valuable resource for the study of miRNAs in DC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Johanson
- 1] Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [3] Immunology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marek Cmero
- Immunology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Wettenhall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- 1] Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- 1] Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark M W Chong
- 1] Immunology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Kato RB, Roy B, De Oliveira FS, Ferraz EP, De Oliveira PT, Kemper AG, Hassan MQ, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Nanotopography directs mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast lineage through regulation of microRNA-SMAD-BMP-2 circuit. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1690-6. [PMID: 24619927 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if chemically produced nanotopography on titanium (Ti) surface induces osteoblast differentiation of cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by regulating the expression of microRNAs (miRs). It was demonstrated that Ti with nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs as evidenced by upregulation of osteoblast specific markers compared with untreated (control) Ti at day 4. At this time-point, miR-sequencing analysis revealed that 20 miRs were upregulated (>twofold) while 20 miRs were downregulated (>threefold) in hMSCs grown on Ti with nanotopography compared with control Ti. Three miRs, namely miR-4448, -4708, and -4773, which were significantly downregulated (>fivefold) by Ti with nanotopography affect osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. These miRs directly target SMAD1 and SMAD4, both key transducers of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) osteogenic signal, which were upregulated by Ti with nanotopography. Overexpression of miR-4448, -4708, and 4773 in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts noticeably inhibited gene and protein expression of SMAD1 and SMAD4 and therefore repressed the gene expression of key bone markers. Additionally, it was observed that the treatment with BMP-2 displayed a higher osteogenic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells grown on Ti with nanotopography compared with control Ti, suggesting that the BMP-2 signaling pathway was more effective on this surface. Taken together, these results indicate that a complex regulatory network involving a miR-SMAD-BMP-2 circuit governs the osteoblast differentiation induced by Ti with nanotopography. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1690-1696, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio B Kato
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Hao M, Zang M, Wendlandt E, Xu Y, An G, Gong D, Li F, Qi F, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhan F, Qiu L. Low serum miR-19a expression as a novel poor prognostic indicator in multiple myeloma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1835-44. [PMID: 25220540 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells. Despite continuing advances, novel biomarkers are needed for diagnosis and prognosis of MM. In our study, we characterized the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in MM. Serum miRNA levels were analyzed in 108 newly diagnosed symptomatic MM patients and 56 healthy donors (HDs). Our analysis identified 95 dysregulated miRNAs in newly diagnosed MM patients. Of the 95 dysregulated miRNAs, dysregulation of miR-19a, miR-92a, miR-214-3p, miR-135b-5p, miR-4254, miR-3658 and miR-33b was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a combination of miR-19a and miR-4254 can distinguish MM from HD with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 90.5%. Decreased expression of miR-19a was positively correlated with international staging system advancement, del(13q14) and 1q21 amplification. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-19a resulted in significantly decreased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Our analysis indicated that the poor prognostic correlation of miR-19a expression was independent of genetic abnormalities in MM. Multivariate analysis revealed that miR-19a was a significant predictor of shortened PFS and OS. Interestingly, although miR-19a levels portend a poor prognosis, patients with low miR-19a levels had an improved response to bortezomib compared to those with high miR-19a profile. Patients with downregulated miR-19a experienced a significantly extended survival upon bortezomib-based therapy. These data demonstrate that the expression patterns of serum microRNAs are altered in MM, and miR-19a levels are a valuable prognostic marker to identify high-risk MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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miR-141-3p inhibits human stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell proliferation and differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2114-21. [PMID: 24937190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling determines human stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell (hMSC) differentiation fate into the osteoblast or adipocyte lineage. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules of 21-25 nucleotides that regulate many aspects of osteoblast biology. Thus, we examined miRNAs regulated by Wnt signaling in hMSC. We identified miRNA (miR)-141-3p as a Wnt target which in turn inhibited Wnt signaling. Moreover, miR-141-3p inhibited hMSC proliferation by arresting cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. miR-141-3p inhibited osteoblast differentiation of hMSC as evidenced by reduced alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression and in vitro mineralized matrix formation. Bioinformatic studies, Western blot analysis and 3'UTR reporter assay demonstrated that cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) is a direct target of miR-141-3p. siRNA-mediated knock-down of CDC25A inhibited hMSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. In summary, miR-141-3p acts as a negative regulator of hMSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. Targeting miR-141-3p could be used as an anabolic therapy of low bone mass diseases, e.g. osteoporosis.
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Gámez B, Rodriguez-Carballo E, Ventura F. MicroRNAs and post-transcriptional regulation of skeletal development. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:R179-97. [PMID: 24523514 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become integral nodes of post-transcriptional control of genes that confer cellular identity and regulate differentiation. Cell-specific signaling and transcriptional regulation in skeletal biology are extremely dynamic processes that are highly reliant on dose-dependent responses. As such, skeletal cell-determining genes are ideal targets for quantitative regulation by miRNAs. So far, large amounts of evidence have revealed a characteristic temporal miRNA signature in skeletal cell differentiation and confirmed the essential roles that numerous miRNAs play in bone development and homeostasis. In addition, microarray expression data have provided evidence for their role in several skeletal pathologies. Mouse models in which their expression is altered have provided evidence of causal links between miRNAs and bone abnormalities. Thus, a detailed understanding of the function of miRNAs and their tight relationship with bone diseases would constitute a powerful tool for early diagnosis and future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gámez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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van der Eerden BCJ. MicroRNAs in the skeleton: cell-restricted or potent intercellular communicators? Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:46-55. [PMID: 24832391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and have been associated with many diseases and physiological states. Within the skeleton, both the bone forming cells, osteoblasts, and the bone degrading cells, osteoclasts, are mostly being stimulated by miRNAs through downregulation of inhibitors of bone cell differentiation. Besides miRNAs affecting master genes of bone cell differentiation and function in a cell-restricted manner, evidence is gathering that miRNAs are excreted into the local environment but also into the circulation, implicating a role for miRNAs in nearby or even distant target cells. In this review, the most recent novel miRNAs implicated in bone cell differentiation regulation will be described but also their potential paracrine or endocrine role, thus reinforcing the concept that miRNAs may function as powerful communicators between cell types or tissues.
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127
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Clark EA, Kalomoiris S, Nolta JA, Fierro FA. Concise review: MicroRNA function in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1074-82. [PMID: 24860868 PMCID: PMC10668871 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are ideal candidates for different cellular therapies due to their simple isolation, extensive expansion potential, and low immunogenicity. For various therapeutic approaches, such as bone and cartilage repair, MSCs are expected to contribute by direct differentiation to replace the damaged tissue, while many other applications rely on the secretion of paracrine factors which modulate the immune response and promote angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which target messenger RNA for cleavage or translational repression, have recently been shown to play critical functions in MSC to regulate differentiation, paracrine activity, and other cellular properties such as proliferation, survival, and migration. The global miRNA expression profile of MSC varies according to the tissue of origin, species, and detection methodology, while also certain miRNAs are consistently found in all types of MSC. The function in MSC of more than 60 different miRNAs has been recently described, which is the subject of this review. A special emphasis is given to miRNAs that have demonstrated a function in MSC in vivo. We also present in detail miRNAs with overlapping effects (i.e., common target genes) and discuss future directions to deepen our understanding of miRNA biology in MSC. These recent discoveries have opened the possibility of modulating miRNAs in MSC, in order to enhance their proregenerative, therapeutic potential.
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128
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Xia HF, Jin XH, Cao ZF, Hu Y, Ma X. MicroRNA expression and regulation in the uterus during embryo implantation in rat. FEBS J 2014; 281:1872-91. [PMID: 24528955 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex initial step in establishment of a successful pregnancy. Many mRNAs have been shown to be differentially expressed in the rat uterus during embryo implantation. However, the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs), a key post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression, in the rat uterus between the pre-receptive and receptive phases are still unknown. Here, an miRNA microarray was used to examine differential expression of miRNAs in the rat uterus between the pre-receptive and receptive phases. Twenty-eight miRNAs were up-regulated and 29 miRNAs were down-regulated at least twofold during the receptive phase in rat uterus; these results were confirmed by Northern blotting. miR-29a was only highly expressed in rat uterus during the implantation period, and activation of delayed implantation and artificial decidualization enhanced the miR-29a level. Further investigation revealed that both the pro-apoptotic factor genes Bak1 and Bmf and the anti-apoptotic factor gene Bcl-w are targets of miR-29a. There was weak binding between miR-29a and the 3' UTR of the anti-apoptotic factor gene Mcl1. Over-expression of miR-29a inhibited the late apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells, which may be due to the stronger binding capacity between miR-29a and the 3' UTR of pro-apoptotic factors than that between miR-29a and the 3' UTR of anti-apoptotic factors. Collectively, miR-29a plays an important role during embryo implantation by regulating both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors. miR-29a may predominantly bind pro-apoptotic factors, leading to inhibition of cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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129
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Režen T, Kovanda A, Eiken O, Mekjavic IB, Rogelj B. Expression changes in human skeletal muscle miRNAs following 10 days of bed rest in young healthy males. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:655-66. [PMID: 24410893 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Studies in humans show global changes in mRNA and protein expression occur in human skeletal muscle during bed rest. As microRNAs are important regulators of expression, we analysed the global microRNA expression changes in human muscle following 10 days of sustained bed rest, with the rationale that miRNAs play key roles in atrophy of skeletal muscle. METHODS We analysed expression of miRNA and selected target proteins before and after 10 days of bed rest in biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 6 healthy males. RESULTS Fifteen of 152 miRNAs detected in human muscle tissue were differentially expressed, and all of them with exception of two were downregulated. The downregulated miRNAs include the following: miR-206, a myomir involved in function and maintenance of skeletal muscle; miR-23a, involved in insulin response and atrophy defence; and several members of the let-7 family involved in cell cycle, cell differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Predicted gene targets of these miRNAs are members of the MAPK, TNF receptor, ALK1, TGF-beta receptor and SMAD signalling pathways. All of these pathways were previously indicated to be involved in skeletal muscle response to physical inactivity. We also measured protein expression of selected miRNA targets and observed a decrease in HDAC4. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that miRNAs in postural muscles are affected by sustained inactivity and unloading, as induced by prolonged bed rest, and hence are potentially involved in regulation of skeletal muscle adjustments to inactivity. We also propose new miRNAs involved in regulation of biological processes in adult human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Režen
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - A. Kovanda
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - O. Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology; Swedish Aerospace Physiology Centre; Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm Sweden
| | - I. B. Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - B. Rogelj
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
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130
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Desvignes T, Contreras A, Postlethwait JH. Evolution of the miR199-214 cluster and vertebrate skeletal development. RNA Biol 2014; 11:281-94. [PMID: 24643020 PMCID: PMC4075512 DOI: 10.4161/rna.28141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that fine-tune the regulation of gene expression to coordinate a wide range of biological processes. MicroRNAs are transcribed from miR genes and primary miR transcripts are processed to approximately 22 nucleotide single strand mature forms that function as repressors of transcript translation when bound to the 3'UTR of protein coding transcripts in association with the RISC. Because of their role in the regulation of gene expression, miRs are essential players in development by acting on cell fate determination and progression toward cell differentiation. The miR199 and miR214 genes occupy an intronic cluster located on the opposite strand of the Dynamin3 gene. These miRNAs play major roles in a broad variety of developmental processes and diseases, including skeletal development and several types of cancer. In the work reported here, we first deciphered the origin of the miR199 and miR214 families by following evolution of miR paralogs and their host Dynamin paralogs. We then examined the expression patterns of miR199 and miR214 in developing zebrafish embryos and demonstrated their regulation through a common primary transcript. Results suggest an evolutionarily conserved regulation across vertebrate lineages. Our expression study showed predominant expression patterns for both miR in tissues surrounding developing craniofacial skeletal elements consistent with expression data in mouse and human, thus indicating a conserved role of miR199 and miR214 in vertebrate skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Contreras
- Institute of Neuroscience; University of Oregon; Eugene, OR USA
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131
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Tanabe S. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in cell life and their signaling. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:24-32. [PMID: 24567785 PMCID: PMC3927011 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have various roles in the body and cellular environment, and the cellular phenotypes of MSCs changes in different conditions. MSCs support the maintenance of other cells, and the capacity of MSCs to differentiate into several cell types makes the cells unique and full of possibilities. The involvement of MSCs in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is an important property of these cells. In this review, the role of MSCs in cell life, including their application in therapy, is first described, and the signaling mechanism of MSCs is investigated for a further understanding of these cells.
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132
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Kafchinski LA, Jones KB. MicroRNAs in osteosarcomagenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:119-27. [PMID: 24924171 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of osteosarcoma (OS) remains enigmatic. Particular clinical and molecular patterns, observed with high frequency in OS, suggest that it results from some yet-to-be-discovered central driver. How else can biology generate such an aggressive, metastatic, genetically and chromosomally unstable malignancy with virtually no apparent precursor neoplasms that are partway along a disease path toward OS? With this conundrum as a backdrop, the discovery of every new native molecule with power to impact a cell's biology is usually quickly followed by a search to see if this type of molecule contains the key to unlock OS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Kafchinski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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133
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Hara ES, Ono M, Eguchi T, Kubota S, Pham HT, Sonoyama W, Tajima S, Takigawa M, Calderwood SK, Kuboki T. miRNA-720 controls stem cell phenotype, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83545. [PMID: 24386225 PMCID: PMC3875457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are known to be enriched in stem/progenitor cells but not well characterized yet. Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to control protein translation, mRNA stability and transcription, and have been reported to play important roles in stem cell biology, related to cell reprogramming, maintenance of stemness and regulation of cell differentiation. In order to characterize dental pulp stem/progenitor cells and its mechanism of differentiation, we herein sorted stem-cell-enriched side population (SP) cells from human DPCs and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and performed a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based miRNA array. As a result, miR-720 was highly expressed in the differentiated main population (MP) cells compared to that in SP cells. In silico analysis and a reporter assay showed that miR-720 targets the stem cell marker NANOG, indicating that miR-720 could promote differentiation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells by repressing NANOG. Indeed, gain-and loss-of-function analyses showed that miR-720 controls NANOG transcript and protein levels. Moreover, transfection of miR-720 significantly decreased the number of cells positive for the early stem cell marker SSEA-4. Concomitantly, mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which are known to play crucial factors during stem cell differentiation, were also increased by miR-720 through unknown mechanism. Finally, miR-720 decreased DPC proliferation as determined by immunocytochemical analysis against ki-67, and promoted odontogenic differentiation as demonstrated by alizarin red staining, as well as alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin mRNA levels. Our findings identify miR-720 as a novel miRNA regulating the differentiation of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
| | - Hai Thanh Pham
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
| | - Wataru Sonoyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
| | - Shoji Tajima
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
| | - Stuart K. Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takuo Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken, Japan
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134
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Shah A, Ahmad A. Role of MicroRNA in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation Into Osteoblasts. RAZAVI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/rijm14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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135
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Role of MicroRNA in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation Into Osteoblasts. RAZAVI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/rijm.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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136
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Wang J, Guan X, Guo F, Zhou J, Chang A, Sun B, Cai Y, Ma Z, Dai C, Li X, Wang B. miR-30e reciprocally regulates the differentiation of adipocytes and osteoblasts by directly targeting low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e845. [PMID: 24113179 PMCID: PMC3824666 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal relationship usually exists between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, with factors stimulating one of these processes at the same time inhibiting the other. In the present study, miR-30e was found to be involved in the reciprocal regulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Our data indicated that miR-30e was induced in primarily cultured mouse bone marrow stromal cell, mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2 and preadipocyte 3T3-L1 after adipogenic treatment. Conversely, it was reduced in mouse stromal line ST2 and preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 after osteogenic treatment. Enforced expression of miR-30e in 3T3-L1 significantly suppressed the growth of the cells and induced the preadipocytes to differentiate into mature adipocytes, along with increased expression of adipocyte-specific transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ, and the marker gene aP2. In contrast, inhibition of the endogenous miR-30e enhanced the cell growth and repressed preadipocytes to differentiate. Conversely, supplementing miR-30e activity blocked, whereas knocking down miR-30e enforced the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 to fully differentiate. Furthermore, miR-30e overexpression stimulated adipocyte formation and inhibited osteoblast differentiation from marrow stromal cells. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), one of the critical coreceptor for Wnts, was shown to be a direct target of miR-30e by using the luciferase assay. Knockdown of LRP6 in 3T3-L1 cells downregulated β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) transcriptional activity and dramatically potentiated the differentiation of the cells into mature adipocytes. Taken together, the present work suggests that the expression of miR-30e is indispensable for maintaining the balance of adipocytes and osteoblasts by targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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137
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Wang Q, Cai J, Cai XH, Chen L. miR-346 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72266. [PMID: 24023731 PMCID: PMC3762871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is regulated by multiple transcription factors and signaling molecules. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain to be fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators in various biological processes by mediating mRNA degradation or translational inhibition of target genes. In this study, we report that miR-346 plays critical roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The expression of endogenous miR-346 was increased during osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Overexpression of miR-346 significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR-346 depletion suppressed this process. Further studies confirmed that miR-346 directly targeted the 3′-UTR of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) gene so as to suppress the expression of GSK-3β protein. Similar to miR-346 overexpression, GSK-3β depletion promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas GSK-3β overexpression reversed the promotional effect of miR-346. We further found that miR-346 overexpression activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased the expression of several downstream genes including CyclinD1, c-Myc, TCF-1 and LEF-1. Depletion of β-catenin almost completely blocked the positive role of miR-346 on osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our data indicate that miR-346 positively regulates hBMSC osteogenic differentiation by targeting GSK-3β and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-hua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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