101
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Lianidou ES. Gene expression profiling and DNA methylation analyses of CTCs. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:431-42. [PMID: 26880168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of molecular assays have been developed for CTCs detection and molecular characterization. Molecular assays are based on the nucleic acid analysis in CTCs and are based on total RNA isolation and subsequent mRNA quantification of specific genes, or isolation of genomic DNA that can be for DNA methylation studies and mutation analysis. This review is mainly focused on gene expression and methylation studies in CTCs in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771, Greece.
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102
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ANDERGASSEN ULRICH, KÖLBL ALEXANDRAC, MAHNER SVEN, JESCHKE UDO. Real-time RT-PCR systems for CTC detection from blood samples of breast cancer and gynaecological tumour patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1905-15. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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103
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Panesar S, Neethirajan S. Microfluidics: Rapid Diagnosis for Breast Cancer. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2016; 8:204-220. [PMID: 30460281 PMCID: PMC6223681 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-015-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer affected 1.7 million people worldwide in 2012 and accounts for approximately 23.3 % of all cancers diagnosed in women. The disease is characterized by a genetic mutation, either inherited or resulting from environmental factors, that causes uncontrollable cellular growth of breast tissue or adjacent tissues. Current means of diagnosing this disease depend on the individual analyzing the results from bulky, highly technical, and expensive equipment that is not globally accessible. As a result, patients can go undiagnosed due to a lack of available equipment or be over-diagnosed due to human error. This review attempts to highlight current means of diagnosing breast cancer and critically analyze their effectiveness and usefulness in terms of patient survival. An alternative means based on microfluidics biomarker detection is then presented. This method can be considered as a primary screening tool for diagnosing breast cancer based on its robustness, high throughput, low energy requirements, and accessibility to the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Panesar
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Suresh Neethirajan
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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104
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Senveli SU, Ao Z, Rawal S, Datar RH, Cote RJ, Tigli O. A surface acoustic wave biosensor for interrogation of single tumour cells in microcavities. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:163-171. [PMID: 26599306 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01212k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biological cells are sensed and characterized with surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices utilising microcavities. After tumour cells in media are transported to and trapped in microcavities, the proposed platform uses SAW interaction between the substrate and the cells to extract their mechanical stiffness based on the ultrasound velocity. Finite element method (FEM) analysis and experimental results show that output phase information is an indicator of the stiffness modulus of the trapped cells. Small populations of various types of cells such as MCF7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, and JJ012 were characterized and characteristic moduli were estimated for each cell population. Results show that high frequency stiffness modulus is a possible biomarker for aggressiveness of the tumour and that microcavity coupled SAW devices are a good candidate for non-invasive interrogation of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru U Senveli
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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105
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New look inside human breast ducts with Raman imaging. Raman candidates as diagnostic markers for breast cancer prognosis: Mammaglobin, palmitic acid and sphingomyelin. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 909:91-100. [PMID: 26851089 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Looking inside the human body fascinated mankind for thousands of years. Current diagnostic and therapy methods are often limited by inadequate sensitivity, specificity and spatial resolution. Raman imaging may bring revolution in monitoring of disease and treatment. The main advantage of Raman imaging is that it gives spatial information about various chemical constituents in defined cellular organelles in contrast to conventional methods (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, NMR, HPLC) that rely on bulk or fractionated analyses of extracted components. We demonstrated how Raman imaging can drive the progress on breast cancer just unimaginable a few years ago. We looked inside human breast ducts answering fundamental questions about location and distribution of various biochemical components inside the lumen, epithelial cells of the duct and the stroma around the duct during cancer development. We have identified Raman candidates as diagnostic markers for breast cancer prognosis: carotenoids, mammaglobin, palmitic acid and sphingomyelin as key molecular targets in ductal breast cancer in situ, and propose the molecular mechanisms linking oncogenes with lipid programming.
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106
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Dahl E, Jung A, Fassunke J, Hummel M, Penzel R, Dietmaier W, Laßmann S. [Chances and risks of blood-based molecular pathological analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in personalized cancer therapy: positional paper from the study group on liquid biopsy of the working group for molecular pathology in the German Society of Pathology (DGP)]. DER PATHOLOGE 2015; 36:92-7. [PMID: 25533324 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-014-2069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Dahl
- Institut für Pathologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland,
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107
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Stoecklein NH, Fischer JC, Niederacher D, Terstappen LWMM. Challenges for CTC-based liquid biopsies: low CTC frequency and diagnostic leukapheresis as a potential solution. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 16:147-64. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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108
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Etayash H, Jiang K, Azmi S, Thundat T, Kaur K. Real-time Detection of Breast Cancer Cells Using Peptide-functionalized Microcantilever Arrays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13967. [PMID: 26434765 PMCID: PMC4593050 DOI: 10.1038/srep13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-directed targeting and capturing of cancer cells is a new approach for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Ligands such as antibodies have been successfully used for capturing cancer cells and an antibody based system (CellSearch(®)) is currently used clinically to enumerate CTCs. Here we report the use of a peptide moiety in conjunction with a microcantilever array system to selectively detect CTCs resulting from cancer, specifically breast cancer. A sensing microcantilever, functionalized with a breast cancer specific peptide 18-4 (WxEAAYQrFL), showed significant deflection on cancer cell (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) binding compared to when exposed to noncancerous (MCF10A and HUVEC) cells. The peptide-functionalized microcantilever allowed efficient capture and detection of cancer cells in MCF7 spiked human blood samples emulating CTCs in human blood. A detection limit of 50-100 cancer cells mL(-1) from blood samples was achieved with a capture yield of 80% from spiked whole blood samples. The results emphasize the potential of peptide 18-4 as a novel peptide for capturing and detecting cancer cells in conjunction with nanomechanical cantilever platform. The reported peptide-based cantilever platform represents a new analytical approach that can lead to an alternative to the various detection platforms and can be leveraged to further study CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Etayash
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Keren Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California, 92618-1908, USA
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109
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Zhang H, Jia Z, Wu C, Zang L, Yang G, Chen Z, Tang B. In Vivo Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells Based on Transfusion with a Vein Indwelling Needle. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20477-84. [PMID: 26317804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be used as a "liquid biopsy" for tracking the spread of cancer. In vitro detection methods based on blood sampling and in vitro CTC capture often suffer from the small sampling volume and sampling error. Here, the in vivo capture of CTCs based on transfusion with a surface-modified vein indwelling needle is proposed. When the needle was applied to transfusion in the vein, the simultaneous capture of CTCs was performed. To investigate the actual capture efficiency of the in vivo capture method, labeled MCF-7 cells were directly injected into the veins of rabbits, wild type mice, and nude mice and could be successfully captured. Two of 5 MCF-7 cells injected into the veins of nude mice were successfully captured. To investigate the CTC capture of mouse tumor model and compare with the in vitro method, mice were subcutaneous inoculated with metastatic 4T1 cells. Seven and 21 days after inoculation, CTCs were captured for the first time using in vivo and in vitro methods, respectively. This predicted that the in vivo method could be more suitable for use of early diagnosis of cancer than the in vitro method. As CTC capture can be performed at the same time as transfusion and does not cause further bodily harm, it would be easily accepted by patients. This efficient, simple, and less damaging method involving the use of a vein indwelling needle could be popularized easily in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chuanchen Wu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Liguo Zang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
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110
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Azevedo AS, Follain G, Patthabhiraman S, Harlepp S, Goetz JG. Metastasis of circulating tumor cells: favorable soil or suitable biomechanics, or both? Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:345-56. [PMID: 26312653 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the end product of a multistep process where cancer cells disseminate and home themselves in distant organs. Tumor cell extravasation is a rare, inefficient and transient event in nature and makes its studies very difficult. Noteworthy, little is known about how cancer cells arrest, adhere and pass through the endothelium of capillaries. Moreover, the key events driving metastatic growth in specific organs are not well understood. Thus, although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death, how cancer cells acquire their abilities to colonize distant organs and why they do so in specific locations remain central questions in the understanding of this deadly disease. In this review, we would like to confront 2 concepts explaining the efficiency and location of metastatic secondary tumors. While the "seed and soil" hypothesis states that metastasis occurs at sites where the local microenvironment is favorable, the "mechanical" concept argues that metastatic seeding occurs at sites of optimal flow patterns. In addition, recent evidence suggests that the primary event driving tumor cell arrest before extravasation is mostly controlled by blood circulation patterns as well as mechanical cues during the process of extravasation. In conclusion, the organ tropism displayed by cancer cells during metastatic colonization is a multi-step process, which is regulated by the delivery and survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through blood circulation, the ability of these CTCs to adhere and cross the physical barrier imposed by the endothelium and finally by the suitability of the soil to favor growth of secondary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Azevedo
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Gautier Follain
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Shankar Patthabhiraman
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,e IPCMS UMR7504 ; Strasbourg , France.,f LabEx NIE; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
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111
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An optimised direct lysis method for gene expression studies on low cell numbers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12859. [PMID: 26242641 PMCID: PMC4525356 DOI: 10.1038/srep12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in gene expression analysis of either single cells or limited numbers of cells. One such application is the analysis of harvested circulating tumour cells (CTCs), which are often present in very low numbers. A highly efficient protocol for RNA extraction, which involves a minimal number of steps to avoid RNA loss, is essential for low input cell numbers. We compared several lysis solutions that enable reverse transcription (RT) to be performed directly on the cell lysate, offering a simple rapid approach to minimise RNA loss for RT. The lysis solutions were assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in low cell numbers isolated from four breast cancer cell lines. We found that a lysis solution containing both the non-ionic detergent (IGEPAL CA-630, chemically equivalent to Nonidet P-40 or NP-40) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) gave the best RT-qPCR yield. This direct lysis to reverse transcription protocol outperformed a column-based extraction method using a commercial kit. This study demonstrates a simple, reliable, time- and cost-effective method that can be widely used in any situation where RNA needs to be prepared from low to very low cell numbers.
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112
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Lowes LE, Lock M, Rodrigues G, D'Souza D, Bauman G, Ahmad B, Venkatesan V, Allan AL, Sexton T. The significance of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patients undergoing adjuvant or salvage radiation therapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2015; 18:358-64. [PMID: 26238233 PMCID: PMC4788488 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Following radical prostatectomy, success of adjuvant and salvage radiation
therapy (RT) is dependent on the absence of micrometastatic disease.
However, reliable prognostic/predictive factors for determining this are
lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed to assist with clinical
decision-making in this setting. Enumeration of circulating tumor cells
(CTCs) using the regulatory-approved CellSearch System (CSS) is prognostic
in metastatic prostate cancer. We hypothesize that CTCs may also be
prognostic in the post-prostatectomy setting. Methods: Patient blood samples (n=55) were processed on the CSS to
enumerate CTCs at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months after completion of RT. CTC values
were correlated with predictive/prognostic factors and progression-free
survival. Results: CTC status (presence/absence) correlated significantly with positive
margins (increased likelihood of CTCneg disease;
P=0.032), and trended toward significance with the presence
of seminal vesicle invasion (CTCpos; P=0.113) and
extracapsular extension (CTCneg; P=0.116).
Although there was a trend toward a decreased time to biochemical failure
(BCF) in baseline CTC-positive patients (n=9), this trend
was not significant (hazard ratio (HR)=0.3505;
P=0.166). However, CTC-positive status at any point
(n=16) predicted for time to BCF (HR=0.2868;
P=0.0437). Conclusions: One caveat of this study is the small sample size utilized
(n=55) and the low number of patients with CTC-positive
disease (n=16). However, our results suggest that CTCs may
be indicative of disseminated disease and assessment of CTCs during RT may
be helpful in clinical decision-making to determine, which patients may
benefit from RT versus those who may benefit more from systemic
treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Lowes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Lock
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Rodrigues
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D D'Souza
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Bauman
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Ahmad
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Venkatesan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - A L Allan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Sexton
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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113
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Frandsen AS, Fabisiewicz A, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Haugaard AS, Petersen LM, Albrektsen KB, Nejlund S, Smith J, Stender H, Hillig T, Sölétormos G. Retracing Circulating Tumour Cells for Biomarker Characterization after Enumeration. J Circ Biomark 2015; 4:5. [PMID: 28936241 PMCID: PMC5572983 DOI: 10.5772/60995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retracing and biomarker characterization of individual circulating tumour cells (CTCs) may potentially contribute to personalized metastatic cancer therapy. This is relevant when a biopsy of the metastasis is complicated or impossible to acquire. Methods A novel disc format was used to map and retrace individual CTCs from breast-cancer patients and nucleated cells from healthy blood donors using the CytoTrack platform. For proof of the retracing concept, CTC HER2 characterization by immunofluorescence was tested. Results CTCs were detected and enumerated in three of four blood samples from breast-cancer patients and the locations of each individual CTCs were mapped on the discs. Nucleated cells were retraced on seven discs with 96.6%±8.5% recovery on five fields of view on each disc. Shifting of field of view for retracing was measured to 4-29 μm. In a blood sample from a HER2-positive breast-cancer patient, CTC enumeration and mapping was followed by HER2 characterization and retracing to demonstrate downstream immunofluorescence analysis of the CTC. Conclusion Mapping and retracing of CTCs enables downstream analysis of individual CTCs for existing and future cancer genotypic and phenotypic biomarkers. Future studies will uncover this potential of the novel retracing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Fabisiewicz
- Department of Translational and Molecular Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jagiello-Gruszfeld
- Department of Breast Cancer and Reconstruction Surgery, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anastasiya S Haugaard
- CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Munkhaus Petersen
- CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Brandt Albrektsen
- CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Nejlund
- CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Smith
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stender
- CytoTrack ApS, Lyngby, Denmark.,CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thore Hillig
- CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - György Sölétormos
- CTC Center of Excellence, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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114
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Agelaki S, Kalykaki A, Markomanolaki H, Papadaki MA, Kallergi G, Hatzidaki D, Kalbakis K, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V. Efficacy of Lapatinib in Therapy-Resistant HER2-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123683. [PMID: 26083256 PMCID: PMC4471111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of lapatinib, a dual EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in therapy-resistant HER2-positive CTCs in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with MBC and HER2-positive CTCs despite disease stabilization or response to prior therapy, received lapatinib 1500 mg daily in monthly cycles, till disease progression or CTC increase. CTC monitoring was performed by immunofluorescent microscopy using cytospins of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) double stained for HER2 or EGFR and cytokeratin. RESULTS A total of 120 cycles were administered in 22 patients; median age was 62.5 years, 15 (68.2%) patients were post-menopausal and 20 (90.1%) had HER2-negative primary tumors. At the end of the second course, HER2-positive CTC counts decreased in 76.2% of patients; the median number of HER2-positive CTCs/patient also declined significantly (p = 0.013), however the decrease was significant only among patients presenting disease stabilization (p = 0.018) but not among those with disease progression during lapatinib treatment. No objective responses were observed. All CTC-positive patients harbored EGFR-positive CTCs on progression compared to 62.5% at baseline (p = 0.054). The ratio of EGFR-positive CTCs/total CTCs detected in all patients increased from 17.1% at baseline to 37.6% on progression, whereas the mean percentage of HER2-negative CTCs/patient increased from 2.4% to 30.6% (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The above results indicate that lapatinib is effective in decreasing HER2-positive CTCs in patients with MBC irrespectively of the HER2 status of the primary tumor and imply the feasibility of monitoring the molecular changes on CTCs during treatment with targeted agents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial.gov NCT00694252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Agelaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonia Kalykaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Harris Markomanolaki
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria A. Papadaki
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dora Hatzidaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kostas Kalbakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Kojić N, Milošević M, Petrović D, Isailović V, Sarioglu AF, Haber DA, Kojić M, Toner M. A computational study of circulating large tumor cells traversing microvessels. Comput Biol Med 2015; 63:187-95. [PMID: 26093786 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to be a harbinger of cancer metastasis. The CTCs are known to circulate as individual cells or as a group of interconnected cells called CTC clusters. Since both single CTCs and CTC clusters have been detected in venous blood samples of cancer patients, they needed to traverse at least one capillary bed when crossing from arterial to venous circulation. The diameter of a typical capillary is about 7µm, whereas the size of an individual CTC or CTC clusters can be greater than 20µm and thus size exclusion is believed to be an important factor in the capillary arrest of CTCs - a key early event in metastasis. To examine the biophysical conditions needed for capillary arrest, we have developed a custom-built viscoelastic solid-fluid 3D computational model that enables us to calculate, under physiological conditions, the maximal CTC diameter that will pass through the capillary. We show that large CTCs and CTC clusters can successfully cross capillaries if their stiffness is relatively small. Specifically, under physiological conditions, a 13µm diameter CTC passes through a 7µm capillary only if its stiffness is less than 500Pa and conversely, for a stiffness of 10Pa the maximal passing diameter can be as high as 140µm, such as for a cluster of CTCs. By exploring the parameter space, a relationship between the capillary blood pressure gradient and the CTC mechanical properties (size and stiffness) was determined. The presented computational platform and the resulting pressure-size-stiffness relationship can be employed as a tool to help study the biomechanical conditions needed for capillary arrest of CTCs and CTC clusters, provide predictive capabilities in disease progression based on biophysical CTC parameters, and aid in the rational design of size-based CTC isolation technologies where CTCs can experience large deformations due to high pressure gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kojić
- Department of Surgery and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Miljan Milošević
- Belgrade Metropolitan University, Bioengineering Research and Development Center BioIRC Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Petrović
- Belgrade Metropolitan University, Bioengineering Research and Development Center BioIRC Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Velibor Isailović
- Belgrade Metropolitan University, Bioengineering Research and Development Center BioIRC Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- Department of Surgery and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Miloš Kojić
- Belgrade Metropolitan University, Bioengineering Research and Development Center BioIRC Kragujevac, Serbia; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Department of Surgery and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang C, Ye M, Cheng L, Li R, Zhu W, Shi Z, Fan C, He J, Liu J, Liu Z. Simultaneous isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells with a microfluidic silicon-nanowire-array integrated with magnetic upconversion nanoprobes. Biomaterials 2015; 54:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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117
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Translational potential of cancer stem cells: A review of the detection of cancer stem cells and their roles in cancer recurrence and cancer treatment. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:135-47. [PMID: 25967525 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with many clinical implications in most cancer types. One important clinical implication of CSCs is their role in cancer metastases, as reflected by their ability to initiate and drive micro and macro-metastases. The other important contributing factor for CSCs in cancer management is their function in causing treatment resistance and recurrence in cancer via their activation of different signalling pathways such as Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways. Thus, many different therapeutic approaches are being tested for prevention and treatment of cancer recurrence. These may include treatment strategies targeting altered genetic signalling pathways by blocking specific cell surface molecules, altering the cancer microenvironments that nurture cancer stem cells, inducing differentiation of CSCs, immunotherapy based on CSCs associated antigens, exploiting metabolites to kill CSCs, and designing small interfering RNA/DNA molecules that especially target CSCs. Because of the huge potential of these approaches to improve cancer management, it is important to identify and isolate cancer stem cells for precise study and application of prior the research on their role in cancer. Commonly used methodologies for detection and isolation of CSCs include functional, image-based, molecular, cytological sorting and filtration approaches, the use of different surface markers and xenotransplantation. Overall, given their significance in cancer biology, refining the isolation and targeting of CSCs will play an important role in future management of cancer.
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118
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Murray NP, Miranda R, Ruiz A, Droguett E. Diagnostic Yield of Primary Circulating Tumor Cells in Women Suspected of Breast Cancer: the BEST (Breast Early Screening Test) Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1929-34. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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119
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In vitro detection of circulating tumor cells compared by the CytoTrack and CellSearch methods. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4597-601. [PMID: 25608842 PMCID: PMC4529454 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of two methods to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) CytoTrack and CellSearch through recovery of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, spiked into blood collected from healthy donors. Spiking of a fixed number of EpCAM and pan-cytokeratin positive MCF-7 cells into 7.5 mL donor blood was performed by FACSAria flow sorting. The samples were shipped to either CytoTrack or CellSearch research facilities within 48 h, where evaluation of MCF-7 recovery was performed. CytoTrack and CellSearch analyses were performed simultaneously. Recoveries of MCF-7 single cells, cells in clusters, and clusters were determined. The average numbers of MCF-7 cells/cells in clusters/clusters recovered from blood by the CytoTrack and CellSearch methods were 103 ± 5.9/27 ± 7.9/11 ± 3.5 (95 % CI) and 107 ± 4.4/20 ± 7.1/10 ± 3.5, respectively, with no difference between the two methods (p = 0.37/p = 0.23/p = 0.09). Overall, the recovery of CytoTrack and CellSearch was 68.8 ± 3.9 %/71.1 ± 2.9 %, respectively (p = 0.58). In spite of different methodologies, CytoTrack and CellSearch found similar number of CTCs, when spiking was performed with the EpCAM and pan cytokeratin-positive cell line MCF-7. The results suggest that CytoTrack and CellSearch have similar abilities to identify CTC in vitro.
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120
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Lieto E, Galizia G, Orditura M, Romano C, Zamboli A, Castellano P, Mabilia A, Auricchio A, DE Vita F, Gemei M. CD26-positive/CD326-negative circulating cancer cells as prognostic markers for colorectal cancer recurrence. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:542-550. [PMID: 25624884 PMCID: PMC4301532 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the presence and clinical relevance of a cluster of differentiation (CD)26+/CD326- subset of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pre- and post-operative blood samples of colorectal cancer patients, who had undergone curative or palliative intervention, in order to find a novel prognostic factor for patient management and follow-up. In total, 80 colorectal cancer patients, along with 25 healthy volunteers were included. The easily transferable methodology of flow cytometry, along with multiparametric antibody staining were used to selectively evaluate CD26+/CD326- CTCs in the peripheral blood samples of colorectal cancer patients. The multiparametric selection allowed any enrichment methods to be avoided thus rendering the whole procedure suitable for clinical routine. The presence of CD26+/CD326- cells was higher in advanced Dukes' stages and was significantly associated with poor survival and high recurrence rates. Relapsing and non-surviving patients showed the highest number of CD26+/CD326- CTCs. High pre-operative levels of CD26+/CD326- CTCs correctly predicted tumor relapse in 44.4% of the cases, while 69% of post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-positive patients experienced cancer recurrence, with a test accuracy of 88.8%. By contrast, post-operative CD26+/CD326- CTC-negative patients showed an increase in the three-year progression-free survival rate of 86%, along with a reduced risk of tumor relapse of >90%. In conclusion, CD26+/CD326- CTCs are an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence rate in multivariate analysis, suggesting that their evaluation could be an additional factor for colorectal cancer recurrence risk evaluation in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lieto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galizia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Michele Orditura
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ciro Romano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Anna Zamboli
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Mabilia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Annamaria Auricchio
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Ferdinando DE Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, 'F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara' Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples School of Medicine, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Marica Gemei
- Center for Genetic Engineering, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples I-80145, Italy
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121
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Ilyas A, Asghar W, Kim YT, Iqbal SM. Parallel recognition of cancer cells using an addressable array of solid-state micropores. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 62:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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122
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Kirby D, Glynn M, Kijanka G, Ducrée J. Rapid and cost-efficient enumeration of rare cancer cells from whole blood by low-loss centrifugo-magnetophoretic purification under stopped-flow conditions. Cytometry A 2014; 87:74-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kirby
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute; National Centre of Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Macdara Glynn
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute; National Centre of Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Gregor Kijanka
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute; National Centre of Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jens Ducrée
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute; National Centre of Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
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123
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Munoz D, Near AM, van Ravesteyn NT, Lee SJ, Schechter CB, Alagoz O, Berry DA, Burnside ES, Chang Y, Chisholm G, de Koning HJ, Ali Ergun M, Heijnsdijk EAM, Huang H, Stout NK, Sprague BL, Trentham-Dietz A, Mandelblatt JS, Plevritis SK. Effects of screening and systemic adjuvant therapy on ER-specific US breast cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju289. [PMID: 25255803 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization of breast cancer allows subtype-directed interventions. Estrogen receptor (ER) is the longest-established molecular marker. METHODS We used six established population models with ER-specific input parameters on age-specific incidence, disease natural history, mammography characteristics, and treatment effects to quantify the impact of screening and adjuvant therapy on age-adjusted US breast cancer mortality by ER status from 1975 to 2000. Outcomes included stage-shifts and absolute and relative reductions in mortality; sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of varying screening frequency or accuracy. RESULTS In the year 2000, actual screening and adjuvant treatment reduced breast cancer mortality by a median of 17 per 100000 women (model range = 13-21) and 5 per 100000 women (model range = 3-6) for ER-positive and ER-negative cases, respectively, relative to no screening and no adjuvant treatment. For ER-positive cases, adjuvant treatment made a higher relative contribution to breast cancer mortality reduction than screening, whereas for ER-negative cases the relative contributions were similar for screening and adjuvant treatment. ER-negative cases were less likely to be screen-detected than ER-positive cases (35.1% vs 51.2%), but when screen-detected yielded a greater survival gain (five-year breast cancer survival = 35.6% vs 30.7%). Screening biennially would have captured a lower proportion of mortality reduction than annual screening for ER-negative vs ER-positive cases (model range = 80.2%-87.8% vs 85.7%-96.5%). CONCLUSION As advances in risk assessment facilitate identification of women with increased risk of ER-negative breast cancer, additional mortality reductions could be realized through more frequent targeted screening, provided these benefits are balanced against screening harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Munoz
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Aimee M Near
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Nicolien T van Ravesteyn
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Sandra J Lee
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Clyde B Schechter
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Oguzhan Alagoz
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Donald A Berry
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Elizabeth S Burnside
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Yaojen Chang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Gary Chisholm
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Harry J de Koning
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergun
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Eveline A M Heijnsdijk
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Hui Huang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Natasha K Stout
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Brian L Sprague
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Jeanne S Mandelblatt
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS)
| | - Sylvia K Plevritis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Research (DM) and Department of Radiology (DM, SKP), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (DM); Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC (AMN, YC, JSM); Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (NTvR, HJdK, EAMH); Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA (SJL, HH); Departments of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (CBS); Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (OA, MAE); Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (ESB, ATD); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (DAB, GC); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA (NKS); Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, VT (BLS).
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Liu MC. By the numbers: does circulating tumor cell enumeration have a role in metastatic breast cancer? J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3479-82. [PMID: 25245442 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.56.6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Assessment of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor cell preparations from NSCLC patients by next generation sequencing: toward a real-time liquid biopsy for treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103883. [PMID: 25137181 PMCID: PMC4138040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessment of EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is mandatory for optimization of pharmacologic treatment. In this respect, mutation analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be desirable since they may provide real-time information on patient's disease status. Experimental Design Blood samples were collected from 37 patients enrolled in the TRIGGER study, a prospective phase II multi-center trial of erlotinib treatment in advanced NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations in tumor tissue. 10 CTC preparations from breast cancer patients without EGFR mutations in their primary tumors and 12 blood samples from healthy subjects were analyzed as negative controls. CTC preparations, obtained by the Veridex CellSearch System, were subjected to ultra-deep next generation sequencing (NGS) on the Roche 454 GS junior platform. Results CTCs fulfilling all Veridex criteria were present in 41% of the patients examined, ranging in number between 1 and 29. In addition to validated CTCs, potential neoplastic elements were seen in 33 cases. These included cells not fulfilling all Veridex criteria (also known as “suspicious objects”) found in 5 (13%) of 37 cases, and isolated or clustered large naked nuclei with irregular shape observed in 33 (89%) cases. EGFR mutations were identified by NGS in CTC preparations of 31 (84%) patients, corresponding to those present in matching tumor tissue. Twenty-five (96%) of 26 deletions at exon 19 and 6 (55%) of 11 mutations at exon 21 were detectable (P = 0.005). In 4 (13%) cases, multiple EGFR mutations, suggesting CTC heterogeneity, were documented. No mutations were found in control samples. Conclusions We report for the first time that the CellSearch System coupled with NGS is a very sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for EGFR mutation analysis in CTC preparations with potential clinical impact.
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Kulasinghe A, Perry C, Jovanovic L, Nelson C, Punyadeera C. Circulating tumour cells in metastatic head and neck cancers. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2515-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; The University of Queensland; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
| | - Chris Perry
- Department of Otolaryngology; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba QLD Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane QLD
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane QLD
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; The University of Queensland; Translational Research Institute; Brisbane QLD
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127
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Applications of cell-based bioassays measuring the induced expression of endogenous genes. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1563-74. [PMID: 25046054 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based bioassays are used to determine the biological activity of complex biotherapeutic products, to assign potency and to assure the quality and consistency of the manufacturing process. Clinically, these assays are used to assess bioactivity in patient samples, particularly for the detection of antidrug neutralizing antibodies. Owing to their versatility, cellular assays that measure endogenous gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription PCR offer a rapid and automatable alternative to assays measuring functional, late-stage responses. Notably, detection of immediate early gene expression represents a direct response of the cell to receptor ligation by the biotherapeutic. We review current developments in the use of this approach and demonstrate its application to the detection of receptor-binding autoantibodies using, as a case study, the detection of autoantibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
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Kuhlmann JD, Wimberger P, Bankfalvi A, Keller T, Schöler S, Aktas B, Buderath P, Hauch S, Otterbach F, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S. ERCC1-positive circulating tumor cells in the blood of ovarian cancer patients as a predictive biomarker for platinum resistance. Clin Chem 2014; 60:1282-9. [PMID: 25015375 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.224808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum resistance constitutes one of the most recognized clinical challenges for ovarian cancer. Notably, the detection of the primary tumor-based excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein by immunohistochemistry was recently shown to be inaccurate for the prediction of platinum resistance. On the basis of the previous finding that circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood of ovarian cancer patients are prognostically significant, and given our hypothesis that the negative prognostic impact of CTC may arise from a cellular phenotype associated with platinum resistance, we asked whether expression of the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) gene in the form of the ERCC1 transcript in CTC may be a suitable blood-based biomarker for platinum resistance. METHODS The presence of CTC was analyzed by immunomagnetic CTC enrichment (n = 143 patients) targeting the epithelial epitopes epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) (also known as GA733-2) and mucin 1, cell surface associated (MUC1), followed by multiplex reverse-transcription PCR to detect the transcripts EPCAM, MUC1, and mucin 16, cell surface associated (MUC16) (also known as CA125), including ERCC1 transcripts in a separate approach. ERCC1 expression in primary tumors was comparatively assessed by immunohistochemistry, using the antibody 8F1. RESULTS At primary diagnosis, the presence of CTC was observed in 14% of patients and constituted an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.041). ERCC1-positive CTC (ERCC1(+)CTC) were observed in 8% of patients and constituted an independent predictor, not only for OS but also for progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.026 and P = 0.009, respectively). More interestingly, we discovered the presence of ERCC1(+)CTC at primary diagnosis to be likewise an independent predictor of platinum resistance (P = 0.010), whereas ERCC1 expression in corresponding primary tumor tissue predicted neither platinum resistance nor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of ERCC1(+)CTC can serve as a blood-based diagnostic biomarker for predicting platinum resistance at primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Schöler
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Buderath
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Otterbach
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Pukazhendhi G, Glück S. Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. J Carcinog 2014; 13:8. [PMID: 25191136 PMCID: PMC4141360 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.135578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) measurement in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer offers prognostic information. In this review, we will try to identify evidence that could be used for prognosis, predictive power to draw this tool to clinical utility. We reviewed 81 manuscripts, and categorized those in discovery datasets, prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer, identification of clinical utility in early breast cancer and in novel approaches. With each patient responding differently to chemotherapy, more efficient markers would improve clinical outcome. Current CTC diagnostic techniques use epithelial markers predominantly; however, the most appropriate method is the measurement of circulating DNA. It has been hypothesized that micrometastasis occurs early in the development of tumors. That implies the presence of CTCs in nonmetastatic setting. The origin of stimulus for malignant transformation is yet unknown. The role of microenvironment as a stimulus is also being investigated. It has been shown that CTCs vary in numbers with chemotherapy. The markers, which are followed-up in the primary tumors, are also being studied on the CTCs. There is discordance of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status between the primary tumor and CTCs. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the CTCs. With genetic profiling and molecular characterization of CTCs, it is possible to overcome the diagnostic difficulties. Evidence for clinical utility of CTC as prognostic and predictive marker is increasing. Appropriate patient stratification according to CTC determination among other tests, would make personalized cancer therapy more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Pukazhendhi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Division, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Glück
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Division, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA ; Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Kim YJ, Koo GB, Lee JY, Moon HS, Kim DG, Lee DG, Lee JY, Oh JH, Park JM, Kim MS, Woo HG, Kim SI, Kang P, Choi W, Sim TS, Park WY, Lee JG, Kim YS. A microchip filter device incorporating slit arrays and 3-D flow for detection of circulating tumor cells using CAV1-EpCAM conjugated microbeads. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7501-10. [PMID: 24917030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells and the presence of these cells may indicate a poor prognosis and a high potential for metastasis. Despite highly promising clinical applications, CTCs have not been investigated thoroughly, due to many technical limitations faced in their isolation and identification. Current CTC detection techniques mostly take the epithelial marker epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), however, accumulating evidence suggests that CTCs show heterogeneous EpCAM expression due to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we report that a microchip filter device incorporating slit arrays and 3-dimensional flow that can separate heterogeneous population of cells with marker for CTCs. To select target we cultured breast cancer cells under prolonged mammosphere culture conditions which induced EMT phenotype. Under these conditions, cells show upregulation of caveolin1 (CAV1) but down-regulation of EpCAM expression. The proposed device which contains CAV1-EpCAM conjugated bead has several tens of times increased throughput. More importantly, this platform enables the enhanced capture yield from metastatic breast cancer patients and obtained cells that expressed various EMT markers. Further understanding of these EMT-related phenotypes will lead to improved detection techniques and may provide an opportunity to develop therapeutic strategies for effective treatment and prevention of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jeong Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea; Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Gi-Bang Koo
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - June-Young Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-712, Korea
| | - Hui-Sung Moon
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea; Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Da-Gyum Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Oh
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jong-Myeon Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea; Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-712, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Seung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Pilsung Kang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Tae Seok Sim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-712, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jeong-Gun Lee
- Advanced Device Team, DMC R&D center, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon 443-742, Korea.
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
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Green TL, Santos MF, Ejaeidi AA, Craft BS, Lewis RE, Cruse JM. Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression of immune system cells from metastatic breast cancer patients with circulating tumor cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:44-8. [PMID: 24836676 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The risk posed by breast cancer represents a complex interaction among factors affecting tumor immunity of the host. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of the innate immune system and generally function to attract host immune cells upon activation. However, the good intentions of TLRs are sometimes not transferred to positive long-term effects, due to their involvement in exacerbating inflammatory effects and even contributing to continued inflammation. Chronic inflammatory states are considered to favor an increased predisposition to cancer, with continuous activation of inflammatory cytokines and other hallmarks of inflammation exerting a deleterious effect. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are neoplastic cells present in the peripheral blood circulation that have been found to be an indicator of disease progression and long-term survival. In the present study, we examined the expression of TLRs on dendritic cells, which play a major role in eliciting anti-tumor immunity, in metastatic breast cancer patients with CTCs. Flow cytometric data showed significant differences between circulating tumor cell (CTC) positive patients and CTC negative patients in their expression of TLR2 by CD8 positive cytotoxic T cells and TLR2, TLR4, TLR3, and TLR8 by CD11c positive dendritic cells (p<0.05). Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8 was increased in CTC positive patients, whereas TLR3 expression was decreased in the dendritic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn L Green
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Mark F Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ahmed A Ejaeidi
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Barbara S Craft
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Robert E Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Julius M Cruse
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Chang K, Pi Y, Lu W, Wang F, Pan F, Li F, Jia S, Shi J, Deng S, Chen M. Label-free and high-sensitive detection of human breast cancer cells by aptamer-based leaky surface acoustic wave biosensor array. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:318-24. [PMID: 24836014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A label-free and high-sensitive sensing technology for tumor cell recognition and detection was developed based on a novel 2 × 3 model of leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) aptasensor array. In this methodology, every resonator crystal unit of the LSAW aptasensor array had an individual oscillator circuit to work without mutual interference, and could oscillate independently with the phase shift stability of ± 0.15° in air phase and ± 0.3° in liquid phase. The aptamer was firstly assembled to the gold electrode surface of 100 MHz LiTaO3 piezoelectric crystal, which could effectively captured target cells (MCF-7 cells) based on the specific interaction between aptamer and the overexpression of MUC1 protein on tumor cell surface. The aptamer-cell complexes increased the mass loading of LSAW aptasensor and led to phase shifts of LSAW. The plot of phase shift against the logarithm of concentration of MCF-7 cells was linear over the range from 1 × 10(2) cells mL(-1) to 1 × 10(7) cells mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The detection limit as low as 32 cells mL(-1) was achieved for MCF-7 cells. The LSAW aptasensor also exhibited excellent specificity and stability. In addition, this aptasensor could be regenerated for ten times without irreversible loss of activity. Therefore, the LSAW aptasensor may offer a promising approach for tumor cell detection and have great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fake Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shuangrong Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- The 26th Research Institute, Chinese Electronic Scientific and Technical Group Company, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Shaoli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Evaluation of two different analytical methods for circulating tumor cell detection in peripheral blood of patients with primary breast cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:491459. [PMID: 24800234 PMCID: PMC3997081 DOI: 10.1155/2014/491459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. Evidence is accumulating that circulating tumor cells (CTC) out of peripheral blood can serve as prognostic marker not only in metastatic but also in early breast cancer (BC). Various methods are available to detect CTC. Comparisons between the different techniques, however, are rare. Material and Methods. We evaluate two different methods for CTC enrichment and detection in primary BC patients: the FDA-approved CellSearch System (CSS; Veridex, Warren, USA) and a manual immunocytochemistry (MICC). The cut-off value for positivity was ≥1 CTC. Results. The two different nonoverlapping patient cohorts evaluated with one or the other method were well balanced regarding common clinical parameters. Before adjuvant CHT 21.1% (416 out of 1972) and 20.6% (247 out of 1198) of the patients were CTC-positive, while after CHT 22.5% (359 out of 1598) and 16.6% (177 out of 1066) of the patients were CTC-positive using CSS or MICC, respectively. CTC positivity rate before CHT was thus similar and not significantly different (P = 0.749), while CTC positivity rate immediately after CHT was significantly lower using MICC compared to CSS (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Using CSS or MICC for CTC detection, we found comparable prevalence of CTC before but not after adjuvant CHT.
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134
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Turner N, Pestrin M, Galardi F, De Luca F, Malorni L, Di Leo A. Can biomarker assessment on circulating tumor cells help direct therapy in metastatic breast cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:684-707. [PMID: 24670368 PMCID: PMC4074798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) count has prognostic significance in metastatic breast cancer, but the predictive utility of CTCs is uncertain. Molecular studies on CTCs have often been limited by a low number of CTCs isolated from a high background of leukocytes. Improved enrichment techniques are now allowing molecular characterisation of single CTCs, whereby molecular markers on single CTCs may provide a real-time assessment of tumor biomarker status from a blood test or “liquid biopsy”, potentially negating the need for a more invasive tissue biopsy. The predictive ability of CTC biomarker analysis has predominantly been assessed in relation to HER2, with variable and inconclusive results. Limited data exist for other biomarkers, such as the estrogen receptor. In addition to the need to define and validate the most accurate and reproducible method for CTC molecular analysis, the clinical relevance of biomarkers, including gain of HER2 on CTC after HER2 negative primary breast cancer, remains uncertain. This review summarises the currently available data relating to biomarker evaluation on CTCs and its role in directing management in metastatic breast cancer, discusses limitations, and outlines measures that may enable future development of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Turner
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Department, Prato Hospital, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Ugo Foscolo, Prato, PO 59100, Italy.
| | - Marta Pestrin
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Department, Prato Hospital, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Ugo Foscolo, Prato, PO 59100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Galardi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Prato Hospital, Via Ugo Foscolo, Prato, PO 59100, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Translational Research Laboratory, Prato Hospital, Via Ugo Foscolo, Prato, PO 59100, Italy.
| | - Luca Malorni
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Department, Prato Hospital, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Ugo Foscolo, Prato, PO 59100, Italy.
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Department, Prato Hospital, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Ugo Foscolo, Prato, PO 59100, Italy.
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135
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Chung S, Cho M, Hwan Jung J, Seok Seo T. Highly sensitive detection of cancer cells based on the DNA barcode assay and microcapillary electrophoretic analysis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1504-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soyi Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
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136
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Grover PK, Cummins AG, Price TJ, Roberts-Thomson IC, Hardingham JE. Circulating tumour cells: the evolving concept and the inadequacy of their enrichment by EpCAM-based methodology for basic and clinical cancer research. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1506-16. [PMID: 24651410 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are responsible for metastatic relapse and this has fuelled interest in their detection and quantification. Although numerous methods have been developed for the enrichment and detection of CTCs, none has yet reached the 'gold' standard. Since epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based enrichment of CTCs offers several advantages, it is one of the most commonly used and has been adapted for high-throughput technology. However, emerging evidence suggests that CTCs are highly heterogeneous: they consist of epithelial tumour cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells, hybrid (epithelial/EMT(+)) tumour cells, irreversible EMT(+) tumour cells, and circulating tumour stem cells (CTSCs). The EpCAM-based approach does not detect CTCs expressing low levels of EpCAM and non-epithelial phenotypes such as CTSCs and those that have undergone EMT and no longer express EpCAM. Thus, the approach may lead to underestimation of the significance of CTCs, in general, and CTSCs and EMT(+) tumour cells, in particular, in cancer dissemination. Here, we provide a critical review of research literature on the evolving concept of CTCs and the inadequacy of their enrichment by EpCAM-based technology for basic and clinical cancer research. The review also outlines future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T J Price
- Haematology-Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia
| | | | - J E Hardingham
- Haematology-Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia
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137
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Lianidou ES, Strati A, Markou A. Circulating tumor cells as promising novel biomarkers in solid cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:160-71. [PMID: 24641350 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.896316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a "liquid biopsy" approach and has thus emerged lately as one of the hottest fields in cancer research. CTCs can be isolated from blood in a non-invasive approach, and can be used to follow patients over time since these cells can provide significant information for a better understanding of tumor biology and tumor cell dissemination. CTC molecular characterization offers the unique potential to better understand the biology of metastasis and resistance to established therapies, and analysis of these cells presents a promising field for both advanced and early-stage patients. CTC detection, enumeration, and molecular characterization are very challenging since CTCs are rare, and the amount of available sample is very limited. Since detection of CTCs has been shown to be of considerable utility in the clinical management of patients with solid cancers, various analytical systems for their isolation and detection have been developed. New areas of research are directed towards developing novel assays for single-CTC isolation and molecular characterization. The clinical significance of CTCs has been evaluated in many types of solid cancers, and the CTC enumeration test in metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was cleared by the FDA almost a decade ago. This review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of CTCs as novel biomarkers in 10 different types of solid cancers: breast, ovarian, prostate, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, head and neck, bladder cancer and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Laboratory, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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138
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Lowes LE, Allan AL. Recent advances in the molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:595-624. [PMID: 24633084 PMCID: PMC3980613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were first observed over a century ago, lack of sensitive methodology precluded detailed study of these cells until recently. However, technological advances have now facilitated the identification, enumeration, and characterization of CTCs using a variety of methods. The majority of evidence supporting the use of CTCs in clinical decision-making has been related to enumeration using the CellSearch® system and correlation with prognosis. Growing evidence also suggests that CTC monitoring can provide an early indication of patient treatment response based on comparison of CTC levels before and after therapy. However, perhaps the greatest potential that CTCs hold for oncology lies at the level of molecular characterization. Clinical treatment decisions may be more effective if they are based on molecular characteristics of metastatic cells rather than on those of the primary tumor alone. Molecular characterization of CTCs (which can be repeatedly isolated in a minimally invasive fashion) provides the opportunity for a "real-time liquid biopsy" that allows assessment of genetic drift, investigation of molecular disease evolution, and identification of actionable genomic characteristics. This review focuses on recent advances in this area, including approaches involving immunophenotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex RT-PCR, microarray, and genomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Lowes
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada.
| | - Alison L Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada.
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139
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Qin J, Alt JR, Hunsley BA, Williams TL, Fernando MR. Stabilization of circulating tumor cells in blood using a collection device with a preservative reagent. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:23. [PMID: 24602297 PMCID: PMC3995911 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enumeration and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients is useful for cancer prognostic and treatment monitoring purposes. The number of CTCs present in patient blood is very low; thus, robust technologies have been developed to enumerate and characterize CTCs in patient blood samples. One of the challenges to the clinical utility of CTCs is their inherent fragility, which makes these cells very unstable during transportation and storage of blood samples. In this study we investigated Cell-Free DNA BCT™ (BCT), a blood collection device, which stabilizes blood cells in a blood sample at room temperature (RT) for its ability to stabilize CTCs at RT for an extended period of time. METHODS Blood was drawn from each donor into K3EDTA tube, CellSave tube and BCT. Samples were then spiked with breast cancer cells (MCF-7), transported and stored at RT. Spiked cancer cells were counted using the Veridex CellSearch™ system on days 1 and 4. The effect of storage on the stability of proteins and nucleic acids in the spiked cells isolated from K3EDTA tube and BCT was determined using fluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS MCF-7 cell recovery significantly dropped when transported and stored in K3EDTA tubes. However, in blood collected into CellSave tubes and BCTs, the MCF-7 cell count was stable up to 4 days at RT. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cytokeratin (CK) in MCF-7 cells isolated from BCTs was stable at RT for up to 4 days, whereas in MCF-7 cells isolated from K3EDTA blood showed reduced EpCAM and CK protein expression. Similarly, BCTs stabilized c-fos and cyclin D1 mRNAs as compared to K3EDTA tubes. CONCLUSION Cell-Free DNA™ BCT blood collection device preserves and stabilizes CTCs in blood samples for at least 4 days at RT. This technology may facilitate the development of new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic methodologies for CTC enumeration as well as characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Qin
- R&D Division, Streck, Inc,, 7002 S 109 Street, La Vista, NE 68128, USA.
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140
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Lowes LE, Hedley BD, Keeney M, Allan AL. Adaptation of semiautomated circulating tumor cell (CTC) assays for clinical and preclinical research applications. J Vis Exp 2014:e51248. [PMID: 24637923 DOI: 10.3791/51248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer-related deaths occur subsequent to the development of metastatic disease. This highly lethal disease stage is associated with the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These rare cells have been demonstrated to be of clinical significance in metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. The current gold standard in clinical CTC detection and enumeration is the FDA-cleared CellSearch system (CSS). This manuscript outlines the standard protocol utilized by this platform as well as two additional adapted protocols that describe the detailed process of user-defined marker optimization for protein characterization of patient CTCs and a comparable protocol for CTC capture in very low volumes of blood, using standard CSS reagents, for studying in vivo preclinical mouse models of metastasis. In addition, differences in CTC quality between healthy donor blood spiked with cells from tissue culture versus patient blood samples are highlighted. Finally, several commonly discrepant items that can lead to CTC misclassification errors are outlined. Taken together, these protocols will provide a useful resource for users of this platform interested in preclinical and clinical research pertaining to metastasis and CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Lowes
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
| | | | - Michael Keeney
- Special Hematology/Flow Cytometry, London Health Sciences Centre; Lawson Health Research Institute
| | - Alison L Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Lawson Health Research Institute; Department of Oncology, Western University;
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141
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Jin C, McFaul SM, Duffy SP, Deng X, Tavassoli P, Black PC, Ma H. Technologies for label-free separation of circulating tumor cells: from historical foundations to recent developments. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:32-44. [PMID: 23963515 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are malignant cells shed into the bloodstream from a tumor that have the potential to establish metastases in different anatomical sites. The separation and subsequent characterization of these cells is emerging as an important tool for both biomarker discovery and the elucidation of mechanisms of metastasis. Established methods for separating CTCs rely on biochemical markers of epithelial cells that are known to be unreliable because of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which reduces expression for epithelial markers. Emerging label-free separation methods based on the biophysical and biomechanical properties of CTCs have the potential to address this key shortcoming and present greater flexibility in the subsequent characterization of these cells. In this review we first present what is known about the biophysical and biomechanical properties of CTCs from historical studies and recent research. We then review biophysical label-free technologies that have been developed for CTC separation, including techniques based on filtration, hydrodynamic chromatography, and dielectrophoresis. Finally, we evaluate these separation methods and discuss requirements for subsequent characterization of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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143
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The clinical potential of circulating tumor cells; the need to incorporate a modern "immunological cocktail" in the assay. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1739-47. [PMID: 24351672 PMCID: PMC3875962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accepted clinical assay, CellSearch®, and lab-on-a-chip tests for capturing circulating tumor cells are antibody-mediated. Attempts to improve their sensitivity have relied upon physical changes in the instruments. There have been no significant advances in improving the antibody-mediated portion of the capture. Modern immunologic engineering offers major possibilities for improving the sensitivity and other features of the assay. These include obtaining univalent antibody fragments such as scFvs with picomolar binding affinity and sufficient specificity; altering them to enhance their range of potential contact with target antigens; using antibodies directed against different epitopes on epithelial, mesenchymal or organ-specific cell surface markers to allow simultaneous binding and investigating non-antibody binding molecules as substitutes for antibody. These maneuvers could markedly improve the ability of current assays to improve patient care and might result in an acceptable test for detecting cancer earlier in high risk patients.
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144
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells (ACTC) Lab, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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145
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Broersen LHA, van Pelt GW, Tollenaar RAEM, Mesker WE. Clinical application of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 37:9-15. [PMID: 24249155 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a major role in the metastatic spread of breast cancer. CTC detection has proven to be an important parameter for predicting progression free and overall survival. Collection of CTCs is minimally invasive and can be performed more often than disseminated tumor cell (DTC) collection from bone marrow, thus providing a real-time "liquid biopsy". In this review, the most important techniques for enrichment and detection of CTCs are discussed for clinical application in low and higher staged breast cancer, as well as the genetic and molecular characterization of CTCs. For CTCs, the use of immunology-based enrichment techniques with multiple antibodies is recommended in a clinical setting, as well as the use of cytometric detection techniques, combined with RT-PCR for confirmation. Special attention is given to the value of cancer stem cell (CSC) activity, which may be the main cause of ineffectiveness of the control over metastatic lesions due to intratumor heterogeneity. Accumulating information on CSCs offers new paradigms to generate effective targets for the treatment of metastatic disease. Genetic and molecular characterization of CTCs has potential to stratify patients for optimal personalized treatment regimens. CTCs can be used for monitoring patients during treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H A Broersen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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146
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Kim K, Lee KH, Lee J, Choi J. Overview of current standpoints in profiling of circulating tumor cells. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:88-95. [PMID: 24214218 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is summarizing current technologies developed as the in vitro prognostic/diagnostic systems that can rapidly separate and detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient's blood (1-10 CTCs of 1 billion red blood cells) by labeled and non-labeled method. The review is focused on three major areas of CTC research (1) Summary of previous research on capturing of CTCs, (2) New development of the in vitro prognostic diagnosis system of cancer that is capable of rapid separation of CTCs, (3) Future direction on development of new technologies for CTC profiling. Current CTC researches have helped on identifying patients who may benefit from chemotherapy before treatment, patients who may benefit from continued chemotherapy, and leading to clinical development of CTC-guided chemotherapy strategies. We analyze the feasibility of clinical application of these current CTC research for the ultimate goal of increasing the survivability of cancer patient. The biomolecular assays of viable CTCs from cancer patient may elucidate the mechanism of metastasis and tumor initiating cells and also may have high impact on the development of personalized medicine to overcome the incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyobum Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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147
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Fan ZH, Tan W. DNA nanospheres with microfluidics: a promising platform for cancer diagnosis? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1731-3. [PMID: 24156482 PMCID: PMC4262921 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Hillig T, Nygaard AB, Nekiunaite L, Klingelhöfer J, Sölétormos G. In vitro validation of an ultra-sensitive scanning fluorescence microscope for analysis of circulating tumor cells. APMIS 2013; 122:545-51. [PMID: 24164622 PMCID: PMC4153957 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) holds promise of providing liquid biopsies from patients with cancer. However, current methods include enrichment procedures. We present a method (CytoTrack®), where CTC from 7.5 mL of blood is stained, analyzed and counted by a scanning fluorescence microscope. The method was validated by breast cancer cells (MCF-7) spiked in blood from healthy donors. The number of cells spiked in each blood sample was exactly determined by cell sorter and performed in three series of three samples spiked with 10, 33 or 100 cells in addition with three control samples for each series. The recovery rate of 10, 33 and 100 tumor cells in a blood sample was 55%, 70% and 78%, percent coefficient of variation (CV%) for samples was 59%, 32% and 18%, respectively. None of the control samples contained CTC. In conclusion, the method has been validated to highly sensitively detect breast cancer cells in spiking experiments and should be tested on blood samples from breast cancer patients. The method could benefit from automation that could reduce the CV%, and further optimization of the procedure to increase the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Hillig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hilleroed Hospital, Hilleroed
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Strotman L, O'Connell R, Casavant BP, Berry SM, Sperger JM, Lang JM, Beebe DJ. Selective nucleic acid removal via exclusion (SNARE): capturing mRNA and DNA from a single sample. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9764-70. [PMID: 24016179 PMCID: PMC3897163 DOI: 10.1021/ac402162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The path from gene (DNA) to gene product (RNA or protein) is the foundation of genotype giving rise to phenotype. Comparison of genomic analyses (DNA) with paired transcriptomic studies (mRNA) is critical to evaluating the pathogenic processes that give rise to human disease. The ability to analyze both DNA and mRNA from the same sample is not only important for biologic interrogation but also to minimize variance (e.g., sample loss) unrelated to the biology. Existing methods for RNA and DNA purification from a single sample are typically time-consuming and labor intensive or require large sample sizes to split for separate RNA and DNA extraction procedures. Thus, there is a need for more efficient and cost-effective methods to purify both RNA and DNA from a single sample. To address this need, we have developed a technique, termed SNARE (Selective Nucleic Acid Removal via Exclusion), that uses pinned oil interfaces to simultaneous purify mRNA and DNA from a single sample. A unique advantage of SNARE is the elimination of dilutive wash and centrifugation processes that are fundamental to conventional methods where sample is typically discarded. This minimizes loss and maximizes recovery by allowing nondilutive reinterrogation of the sample. We demonstrate that SNARE is more sensitive than commercially available kits, robustly and repeatably achieving mRNA and DNA purification from extremely low numbers of cells for downstream analyses. In addition to sensitivity, SNARE is fast, easy to use, and cost-effective and requires no laboratory infrastructure or hazardous chemicals. We demonstrate the clinical utility of the SNARE with prostate cancer circulating tumor cells to demonstrate its ability to perform both genomic and transcriptomic interrogation on rare cell populations that would be difficult to achieve with any current method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Strotman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
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Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer with a refined immunomagnetic nanoparticle enriched assay and nested-RT-PCR. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:1106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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