101
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Zeng C, Yang P, Cao T, Gu Y, Li N, Zhang B, Xu P, Liu Y, Luo Z, Cai H. Gut microbiota: An intermediary between metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110097. [PMID: 32916223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiome interacts with the central nervous system tract through the gut-brain axis. Such communication involves neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms, which allows for the microbiota to affect and respond to various behaviors and psychiatric conditions. In addition, the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) may interact with and even change the abundance of microbiome to potentially cause adverse effects or aggravate the disorders inherent in the disease. The regulate effects of gut microbiome has been described in several psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression, but only a few reports have discussed the role of microbiota in AAPDs-induced Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive disorders. The following review systematically summarizes current knowledge about the gut microbiota in behavior and psychiatric illness, with the emphasis of an important role of the microbiome in the metabolism of schizophrenia and the potential for AAPDs to change the gut microbiota to promote adverse events. Prebiotics and probiotics are microbiota-management tools with documented efficacy for metabolic disturbances and cognitive deficits. Novel therapies for targeting microbiota for alleviating AAPDs-induced adverse effects are also under fast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- CuiRong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - YuXiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - NaNa Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - BiKui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - YiPing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - ZhiYing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - HuaLin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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102
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Delli Bovi AP, Marciano F, Mandato C, Siano MA, Savoia M, Vajro P. Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:595371. [PMID: 33718398 PMCID: PMC7952971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.595371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression, which is quite strictly linked to the lipotoxic liver injury from fatty acids and/or a wide variety of their biologically active metabolites in the context of either a two-hit or a (more recent) multiple parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system is usually able to protect hepatic cells from damaging effects caused by ROS, including those produced into the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated by usual cellular metabolic processes, normal or dysbiotic microbiota, and/or diet through an enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative stress originating from the imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses is under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. Healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to be effective on NAFLD also with antioxidant mechanisms, but compliance to these lifestyles is very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has been particularly studied; however, data are still contradictory. Some studies with natural polyphenols proposed for NAFLD prevention and treatment are encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors will likely assist in further selecting the treatment that could work best for a specific patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pia Delli Bovi
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Marcella Savoia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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103
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Gatarek P, Kaluzna-Czaplinska J. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:301-319. [PMID: 33746664 PMCID: PMC7975634 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to numerous links between trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and various disorders and diseases, this topic is very popular and is often taken up by researchers. TMAO is a low molecular weight compound that belongs to the class of amine oxides. It is formed by the process of oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) by the hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMO1 and FMO3). TMAO is mainly formed from nutritional substrates from the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine/choline, carnitine, betaine, dimethylglycine, and ergothioneine by intestinal microflora in the colon. Its level is determined by many factors, such as age, gender, diet, intestinal microflora composition, kidney function, and also liver flavin monooxygenase activity. Many studies report a positive relationship between the level of TMAO concentration and the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cardiorenal disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and also diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancers (stomach, colon), as well as neurological disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the effects of TMAO on human health, the relationship between TMAO and intestinal microbiota, the role of TMAO in different diseases, and current analytical techniques used in TMAO determination in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gatarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaluzna-Czaplinska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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104
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Zhang Y, Zhao N, Yang L, Hong Z, Cai B, Le Q, Yang T, Shi L, He J, Cui CB. Insoluble dietary fiber derived from brown seaweed Laminaria japonica ameliorate obesity-related features via modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:587-601. [PMID: 33350422 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is considered to play an important role in obesity. Additionally, the impact of dietary fiber (DF) consumption on GM has been well established. Brown seaweeds are known to be a rich source of DF. However, the effect of insoluble DFs (IDFs) alone from brown seaweed on obesity and GM remains to be determined. This study investigated the effect of IDFs prepared from Laminaria japonica Aresch on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and GM dysbiosis in mice. Although HFD-induced body weight gain was not significantly attenuated by the IDF treatment, HFD-induced liver injury was ameliorated, and the HFD-elevated serum cholesterol concentration and glucose level of obese mice were significantly lowered. IDF treatment significantly modulated the GM composition disturbed by the HFD. It was found that 5% IDFs restored the GM to a very similar composition to that in the normal mice. The relative abundance of Akkermansia genus was decreased by >300-fold in HFD-fed mice, and it was fully restored by 5% IDF administration. Akkermansia muciniphila, a short-chain fatty acid producer, was identified as a marker species in both control and high-dose IDF groups. Furthermore, IDFs significantly restored the HFD-reduced acetate and propionate levels in the cecal content. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of IDFs derived from L. japonica on obesity was confirmed in mice, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the modulation of GM composition, possibly through the enrichment of Akkermansia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
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Mahdieh MS, Maryam J, Bita B, Neda F, Motahare M, Mahboobeh B, LeBris S Q, Kalani Behrooz S. A pilot study on the relationship between Lactobacillus, Bifidibactrium counts and inflammatory factors following exercise training. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:778-787. [PMID: 33455471 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1871763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current pilot study was carried out to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium as a function of weight loss and cytokine changes in overweight women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen women with excessive weight (age = 19-30 years) were randomly assigned into exercise (10 weeks, aerobic exercise training, 3 sessions/week) and control groups. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in stool and inflammatory factors in blood were evaluated before and after the intervention. RESULTS The intervention induced significant improvements in body weight and in VO2 peak. There were significant time effects on Lactobacillus (p = .016) and significant time*exercise interaction effects on Bifidobacterium (p = .025). Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium changes were negatively associated with body weight and IL-6 levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that exercise training associated with weight loss can increase specific bacteria in people with excessive weight. Changes in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were not significantly associated with cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molanouri Shamsi Mahdieh
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalali Maryam
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bakhshi Bita
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Neda
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokhtarzade Motahare
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahroudi Mahboobeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Quinn LeBris S
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sadeghi Kalani Behrooz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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106
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Zhou J, Tripathi M, Sinha RA, Singh BK, Yen PM. Gut microbiota and their metabolites in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33490737 PMCID: PMC7116620 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2020.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide. It comprises a spectrum of conditions that range from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no FDA-approved pharmacological treatment for NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves genetic and environmental/host factors, including those that cause changes in intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the relationship(s) of microbiota signature with severity of NAFLD and the role(s) microbial metabolites in NAFLD progression. We discuss how metabolites may affect NAFLD progression and their potential to serve as biomarkers for NAFLD diagnosis or therapeutic targets for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC 27701, USA.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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MiR-26a regulated adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs induced by insulin through CDK5/FOXC2 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1705-1716. [PMID: 33423166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, since insulin can induce adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). MiR-26a was reported to be highly expressed in ADSCs under induction and Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2), as a key substrate of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) could inhibit white adipocyte differentiation, which was mediated by miR-26a. However, the relationship between miR-26a and CDK5/FOXC2 during ADSCs differentiation remains unknown. We want to verify the regulated mechanism of miR-26a/CDK5/FOXC2 axis participating in the adipogenic differentiation of ADSCS. METHODS ADSCs were isolated and verified by flow cytometry. Oil Red O staining was performed to assess the capacity for adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The proliferation ability of ADSCs was verified by MTT assay. The expression of miR-26a, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ), CDK5, and FOXC2 were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and the relationship between miR-26a and CDK5 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS MiR-26a and PPARγ were upregulated and CDK5 and FOXC2 were downregulated during adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Knockdown of miR-26a or overexpression of CDK5 could inhibit adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs induced by insulin. MiR-26a could directly target CDK5 and the effect of miR-26a inhibitor on adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs could be blocked by si-CDK5. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that miR-26a regulated insulin-induced adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs by regulating CDK5/FOXC2 pathway, which could provide the key to a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Rondanelli M, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S, Bazire P, Sajoux I, Maugeri R, Rigon C. The Potential Roles of Very Low Calorie, Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diets and Very Low Carbohydrate Diets on the Gut Microbiota Composition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:662591. [PMID: 34054731 PMCID: PMC8162111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.662591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have described a strong correlation between diet, weight loss, and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential effects of energy-restricted diets, namely very low calorie diets (VLCDs), very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs), and very low carbohydrate diets (VLCarbDs), on the composition of the gut microbiota in humans. We performed a literature search using the following terms (with their abbreviations or acronyms): "very low calorie diet", "very low calorie ketogenic diet", "very low carbohydrate diet", and "gut microbiota". Our search strategy retrieved nine eligible studies. Overall, VLCDs and VLCarbDs affected the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio in obese patients, leading to a reduction in short-chain fatty acid production by fecal microbiota associated with Clostridial cluster XIVa. This reduction particularly affected Roseburia and Eubacterium rectale, the two most abundant butyrate-producing bacteria in human feces. VLCKDs preserved the core fecal microbiome, but altered the composition of fecal microbial populations in relation to the plasma metabolome and fecal bile acid composition. In particular, VLCKD-induced weight loss resulted in a reduction in E. rectale and Roseburia, an increase in Christensenellaceae and Akkermansia while not all studies show a decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Although very few studies have analyzed the effects of VLCarbDs and VLCDs on gut microbiota, significant diet-induced changes in fecal microbiota composition have been observed. Further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gabriella Peroni,
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Rigon
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Yan D, Fan P, Sun W, Ding Q, Zheng W, Xiao W, Zhang B, Zhang T, Zhang T, Shi J, Chen X, Chen P, Zhang J, Hao Y, Sun X, Pang X, Dong Y, Xu P, Yu L, Ma B. Anemarrhena asphodeloides modulates gut microbiota and restores pancreatic function in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110954. [PMID: 33378992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemarrhena asphodeloides is an herb widely used to treat symptoms associated with diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its key components and metabolites have low bioavailability and poor host absorption. To clarify the anti-diabetic mechanism of A. asphodeloides extract (AAE), we examined the anti-diabetic effects of AAE in rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Faeces levels of the main components and metabolites of AAE were significantly higher than levels in plasma, which indicated that gut microbiota might play important roles in its anti-diabetic effect. Microbiological studies showed that unabsorbed components increased the diversity of the gut microbiota, enriched potentially beneficial bacteria, and suppressed potentially harmful bacteria. In vitro studies showed that AAE promoted the proliferation of Blautia coccoides, a bacterium with positive implication for diabetes, in a dose-dependent manner. AAE also promoted pancreatic cell regeneration and restored the function of pancreatic islet cells via peroxiredoxin 4 overexpression. Overall, these results suggest that AAE alleviates diabetes via modulating gut microbiota and protein expression.
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MESH Headings
- Anemarrhena/chemistry
- Animals
- Bacteria/drug effects
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dysbiosis
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Intestines/microbiology
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Peroxiredoxins/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Streptozocin
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qianzhi Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Liyan Yu
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Ullah H, Tovchiga O, Daglia M, Khan H. Modulating Gut Microbiota: An Emerging Approach in the Prevention and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1966-1983. [PMID: 33596808 PMCID: PMC9185793 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210217084827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by demyelination of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of the disorder is described as an autoimmune attack targeting the myelin sheath of nerve cell axons in the CNS. Available treatments only reduce the risk of relapse, prolonging the remissions of neurological symptoms and halt the progression of the disorder. Among the new ways of targeting neurological disorders, including MS, there is modulation of gut microbiota since the link between gut microbiota has been rethought within the term gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota is known to help the body with essential functions such as vitamin production and positive regulation of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. High consumption of saturated fatty acids, gluten, salt, alcohol, artificial sweeteners, or antibiotics is the responsible factor for causing gut dysbiosis. The latter can lead to dysregulation of immune and inflammatory pathways, which eventually results in leaky gut syndrome, systemic inflammation, autoimmune reactions, and increased susceptibility to infections. In modern medicine, scientists have mostly focused on the modulation of gut microbiota in the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for numerous disorders, with probiotics and prebiotics being the most widely studied in this regard. Several pieces of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies have supported the positive impact of probiotic and/or prebiotic intake on gut microbiota and MS. This review aims to link gut dysbiosis with the development/progression of MS, and the potential of modulation of gut microbiota in the therapeutics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy, International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China; E-mail:
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Selber-Hnatiw S, Sultana T, Tse W, Abdollahi N, Abdullah S, Al Rahbani J, Alazar D, Alrumhein NJ, Aprikian S, Arshad R, Azuelos JD, Bernadotte D, Beswick N, Chazbey H, Church K, Ciubotaru E, D'Amato L, Del Corpo T, Deng J, Di Giulio BL, Diveeva D, Elahie E, Frank JGM, Furze E, Garner R, Gibbs V, Goldberg-Hall R, Goldman CJ, Goltsios FF, Gorjipour K, Grant T, Greco B, Guliyev N, Habrich A, Hyland H, Ibrahim N, Iozzo T, Jawaheer-Fenaoui A, Jaworski JJ, Jhajj MK, Jones J, Joyette R, Kaudeer S, Kelley S, Kiani S, Koayes M, Kpata AJAAL, Maingot S, Martin S, Mathers K, McCullogh S, McNamara K, Mendonca J, Mohammad K, Momtaz SA, Navaratnarajah T, Nguyen-Duong K, Omran M, Ortiz A, Patel A, Paul-Cole K, Plaisir PA, Porras Marroquin JA, Prevost A, Quach A, Rafal AJ, Ramsarun R, Rhnima S, Rili L, Safir N, Samson E, Sandiford RR, Secondi S, Shahid S, Shahroozi M, Sidibé F, Smith M, Sreng Flores AM, Suarez Ybarra A, Sénéchal R, Taifour T, Tang L, Trapid A, Tremblay Potvin M, Wainberg J, Wang DN, Weissenberg M, White A, Wilkinson G, Williams B, Wilson JR, Zoppi J, Zouboulakis K, Gamberi C. Metabolic networks of the human gut microbiota. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:96-119. [PMID: 31799915 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota controls factors that relate to human metabolism with a reach far greater than originally expected. Microbial communities and human (or animal) hosts entertain reciprocal exchanges between various inputs that are largely controlled by the host via its genetic make-up, nutrition and lifestyle. The composition of these microbial communities is fundamental to supply metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded in the host genome, and contributes to hormone and cellular signalling that support the dynamic adaptation to changes in food availability, environment and organismal development. Poor functional exchange between the microbial communities and their human host is associated with dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction and disease. This review examines the biology of the dynamic relationship between the reciprocal metabolic state of the microbiota-host entity in balance with its environment (i.e. in healthy states), the enzymatic and metabolic changes associated with its imbalance in three well-studied diseases states such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the effects of bariatric surgery and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Selber-Hnatiw
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarin Sultana
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - W Tse
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Niki Abdollahi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sheyar Abdullah
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jalal Al Rahbani
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Diala Alazar
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nekoula Jean Alrumhein
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Saro Aprikian
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rimsha Arshad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Azuelos
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Daphney Bernadotte
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Natalie Beswick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hana Chazbey
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelsey Church
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emaly Ciubotaru
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lora D'Amato
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tavia Del Corpo
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jasmine Deng
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Briana Laura Di Giulio
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Diana Diveeva
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Elias Elahie
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Gordon Marcel Frank
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Emma Furze
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Garner
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vanessa Gibbs
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rachel Goldberg-Hall
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Chaim Jacob Goldman
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fani-Fay Goltsios
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kevin Gorjipour
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Taylor Grant
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brittany Greco
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nadir Guliyev
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Andrew Habrich
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hillary Hyland
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nabila Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tania Iozzo
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anastasia Jawaheer-Fenaoui
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Julia Jane Jaworski
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maneet Kaur Jhajj
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jermaine Jones
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rodney Joyette
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Samad Kaudeer
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shawn Kelley
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shayesteh Kiani
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Marylin Koayes
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Shannon Maingot
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sara Martin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelly Mathers
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sean McCullogh
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kelly McNamara
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Mendonca
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karamat Mohammad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sharara Arezo Momtaz
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Thiban Navaratnarajah
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kathy Nguyen-Duong
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mustafa Omran
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela Ortiz
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anjali Patel
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kahlila Paul-Cole
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Paul-Arthur Plaisir
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Ashlee Prevost
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Angela Quach
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Aries John Rafal
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rewaparsad Ramsarun
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sami Rhnima
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lydia Rili
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Naomi Safir
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eugenie Samson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Rose Sandiford
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Stefano Secondi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Shahid
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mojdeh Shahroozi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fily Sidibé
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Megan Smith
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alina Maria Sreng Flores
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Anabel Suarez Ybarra
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sénéchal
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tang
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adam Trapid
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Maxim Tremblay Potvin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Justin Wainberg
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dani Ni Wang
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mischa Weissenberg
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Allison White
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Wilkinson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brittany Williams
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Joshua Roth Wilson
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Johanna Zoppi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Katerina Zouboulakis
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, SP-375-09 Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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112
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Lu Q, Lin Y, Chen T, Lv H, Diao F, Liu C, Peng M, Ling X, Li H, Wang Y, Wei Y, Du J, Jin G, Xia Y, Ma H, Liu X, Shen H, Hu Z. Alternations of gut microbiota composition in neonates conceived by assisted reproductive technology and its relation to infant growth. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1794466. [PMID: 32752913 PMCID: PMC7524295 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1794466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome in newborns may be strongly influenced by their intrinsic host microenvironmental factors (e.g., the gestational age) and has been linked to their short-term growth and potentially future health. It is yet unclear whether early microbiota composition is significantly different in newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) when compared with those who were conceived spontaneously. Additionally, little is known about the effect of gut microbiota composition on weight gain in early infancy. We aimed to characterize the features and the determinants of the gut microbiome in ART newborns and to assess the impact of early microbiota composition on their weight gain in early infancy in mother-infant dyads enrolled in the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC). Among 118 neonates born by ART and 91 neonates born following spontaneous conception, we observed significantly reduced gut microbiota α-diversity and declined Bacteroidetes relative abundance in ART neonates. The microbiota composition of ART neonates was largely driven by specific ART treatments, hinting the importance of fetus intrinsic host microenvironment on the early microbial colonization. Following up these neonates for six months after their births, we observed the effects of gut microbiome composition on infant rapid weight gaining. Collectively, we identified features and determinants of the gut microbiota composition in ART neonates, and provided evidence for the importance of microbiota composition in neonatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Scientific Education Section, The Affiliated Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyang Diao
- Department of Reproduction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- Department of Reproduction, The Affiliated Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Reproductive Genetic Center, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Hongbing Shen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,CONTACT Zhibin Hu Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing211166, China
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113
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Miclotte L, De Paepe K, Rymenans L, Callewaert C, Raes J, Rajkovic A, Van Camp J, Van de Wiele T. Dietary Emulsifiers Alter Composition and Activity of the Human Gut Microbiota in vitro, Irrespective of Chemical or Natural Emulsifier Origin. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:577474. [PMID: 33250870 PMCID: PMC7676226 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.577474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of additives in food products has become an important public health concern. In recent reports, dietary emulsifiers have been shown to affect the gut microbiota, contributing to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and metabolic syndrome. So far, it is not yet known whether similar microbiome shifts are observable for a more diverse set of emulsifier types and to what extent these effects vary with the unique features of an individual's microbiome. To bridge this gap, we investigated the effect of five dietary emulsifiers on the fecal microbiota from 10 human individuals upon a 48 h exposure. Community structure was assessed with quantitative microbial profiling, functionality was evaluated by measuring fermentation metabolites, and pro-inflammatory properties were assessed with the phylogenetic prediction algorithm PICRUSt, together with a TLR5 reporter cell assay for flagellin. A comparison was made between two mainstream chemical emulsifiers (carboxymethylcellulose and P80), a natural extract (soy lecithin), and biotechnological emulsifiers (sophorolipids and rhamnolipids). While fecal microbiota responded in a donor-dependent manner to the different emulsifiers, profound differences between emulsifiers were observed. Rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, and soy lecithin eliminated 91 ± 0, 89 ± 1, and 87 ± 1% of the viable bacterial population after 48 h, yet they all selectively increased the proportional abundance of putative pathogens. Moreover, profound shifts in butyrate (-96 ± 6, -73 ± 24, and -34 ± 25%) and propionate (+13 ± 24, +88 ± 50, and +29 ± 16%) production were observed for these emulsifiers. Phylogenetic prediction indicated higher motility, which was, however, not confirmed by increased flagellin levels using the TLR5 reporter cell assay. We conclude that dietary emulsifiers can severely impact the gut microbiota, and this seems to be proportional to their emulsifying strength, rather than emulsifier type or origin. As biotechnological emulsifiers were especially more impactful than chemical emulsifiers, caution is warranted when considering them as more natural alternatives for clean label strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miclotte
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Rymenans
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Nucleomics Core, Lab of Molecular Bacteriology – Rega, KULeuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Nucleomics Core, Lab of Molecular Bacteriology – Rega, KULeuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Food Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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114
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Ibrahim KS, Bourwis N, Dolan S, Lang S, Spencer J, Craft JA. Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 40:65-74. [PMID: 33520571 PMCID: PMC7817511 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have suggested that the gut microbiome interacts with the host and may have a significant role in the aetiology of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). It was hypothesised that bacterial communities in obesity and T2D differ from control and compromise normal interactions between host and microbiota. Obesity and T2D were developed in rats by feeding a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet plus a single low-dose streptozotocin administration, respectively. The microbiome profiles and their metabolic potentials were established by metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Taxonomy and predicted metabolism-related genes in obesity and T2D were markedly different from controls and indeed from each other. Diversity was reduced in T2D but not in Obese rats. Factors likely to compromise host intestinal, barrier integrity were found in Obese and T2D rats including predicted, decreased bacterial butyrate production. Capacity to increase energy extraction via ABC-transporters and carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced in Obese and T2D rats. T2D was characterized by increased proinflammatory molecules. While obesity and T2D show distinct differences, results suggest that in both conditions Bacteroides and Blautia species were increased indicating a possible mechanistic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho International Road, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
| | - Nowara Bourwis
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Sharron Dolan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Lang
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom.,Present address: School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Spencer
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - John A Craft
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
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115
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Unusan N. Essential oils and microbiota: Implications for diet and weight control. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Qin R, Gong D, Wang R, Zhang D, Che L, Chen D, Xin G, Gao F, Hu Q. Multi-omics profiling highlights lipid metabolism alterations in pigs fed low-dose antibiotics. BMC Genet 2020; 21:112. [PMID: 32957918 PMCID: PMC7507292 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to study the relations of hepatocellular functions, weight gain and metabolic imbalance caused by low-dose antibiotics (LDA) via epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, 32 weaned piglets were employed as animal models and randomly allocated into two groups with diets supplemented with 0 or LDA (chlorotetracycline and virginiamycin). Results During the 4 weeks of the experiment, LDA showed a clear growth-promoting effect, which was exemplified by the significantly elevated body weight and average daily gain. Promoter methylome profiling using liquid hybridization capture-based bisulfite sequencing (LHC-BS) indicated that most of the 745 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were hypermethylated in the LDA group. Several DMRs were significantly enriched in genes related with fatty acids metabolic pathways, such as FABP1 and PCK1. In addition, 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by strand-specific transcriptome analysis of liver tissues, including ALOX15, CXCL10 and NNMT, which are three key DEGs that function in lipid metabolism and immunity and which had highly elevated expression in the LDA group. In accordance with these molecular changes, the lipidome analyses of serum by LC-MS identified 38 significantly differential lipids, most of which were downregulated in the LDA group. Conclusions Our results indicate that LDA could induce epigenetic and transcriptional changes of key genes and lead to enhanced efficiency of lipid metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Desheng Gong
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Du Zhang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guizhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.,Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, DK, Denmark
| | - Qi Hu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Jia B, Park D, Hahn Y, Jeon CO. Metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome reveals the association between the abundance of gut bile salt hydrolases and host health. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1300-1313. [PMID: 32329665 PMCID: PMC7524343 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1748261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid metabolism by the gut microbiome exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on host health. Microbial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), which initiate bile acid metabolism, exhibit both positive and negative effects on host physiology. In this study, 5,790 BSH homologs were collected and classified into seven clusters based on a sequence similarity network. Next, the abundance and distribution of BSH in 380 metagenomes from healthy participants were analyzed. It was observed that different clusters occupied diverse ecological niches in the human microbiome and that the clusters with signal peptides were relatively abundant in the gut. Then, the association between BSH clusters and 12 human diseases was analyzed by comparing the abundances of BSH genes in patients (n = 1,605) and healthy controls (n = 1,540). The analysis identified a significant association between BSH gene abundance and 10 human diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases. The associations were further validated by separate cohorts with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. These large-scale studies of enzyme sequences combined with metagenomic data provide a reproducible assessment of the association between gut BSHs and human diseases. This information can contribute to future diagnostic and therapeutic applications of BSH-active bacteria for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Baolei Jia Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongbin Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Che Ok Jeon
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Vallianou N, Stratigou T, Christodoulatos GS, Tsigalou C, Dalamaga M. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Postbiotics, and Obesity: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2020; 9:179-192. [PMID: 32472285 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-020-00379-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize current evidence on gut microbiome and obesity; we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in obesity prevention and management; and we highlight and analyze main limitations, challenges, and controversies of their use. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, the majority of animal studies and meta-analyses of human studies examining the use of probiotics and synbiotics in obesity has shown their beneficial effects on weight reduction and other metabolic parameters via their involvement in gut microbiota modulation. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains are still the most widely used probiotics in functional foods and dietary supplements, but next generation probiotics, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, or Clostridia strains, have demonstrated promising results. On the contrary, meta-analyses of human studies on the use of prebiotics in obesity have yielded contradictory results. In animal studies, postbiotics, mainly short-chain fatty acids, may increase energy expenditure through induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as well as browning of the white adipose tissue. The main limitations of studies on biotics in obesity include the paucity of human studies; heterogeneity among the studied subgroups regarding age, gender, and lifestyle; and use of different agents with potential therapeutic effects in different formulations, doses, ratio and different pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics. In terms of safety, the supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has not been associated with serious adverse effects among immune-competent individuals, with the exception of the use of probiotics and synbiotics in immunocompromised patients. Further large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in humans are required to evaluate the beneficial properties of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics; their ideal dose; the duration of supplementation; and the durability of their beneficial effects as well as their safety profile in the prevention and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 6th Km Alexandroupolis-Makri, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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The Metabolic Effects of Pre-probiotic Supplementation After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Surgery: a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study. Obes Surg 2020; 31:215-223. [PMID: 32803709 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), positive alterations are observed in gut microbiota and intestinal peptides. Previous studies demonstrated similar alterations observed in cases when pre-probiotics are used without surgery. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of early use of pre-probiotics after RYGB. MATERIAL AND METHODS The operation and follow-up of the patients were performed at Istanbul University Medical Faculty. Thirty-two patients who had undergone RYGB were randomized to pre-probiotic group (PreProBG, n = 16; 200 g/day yogurt plus 10 g/day inulin+oligofructose) and probiotic group (ProBG, n = 16; 200 g/day yogurt only) for 6 months. Blood samples (glucose, insulin, A1c, GLP-1, PYY), anthropometric measurements, and appetite ratings have been evaluated at baseline and 3 (m3) and 6 (m6) months after RYGB. RESULTS Initial anthropometric measurements and appetite ratings decreased significantly after surgery and there were no significant differences between the groups. The decrease of area under the curve(insulin) was less and has a positive correlation with the changes in anthropometric measurements in PreProBG. GLP-1 and PYY which increased dramatically after surgery in all patients were higher in PreProBG. But this increase had a negative correlation with the changes in anthropometric measurements during the study. CONCLUSION Increased insulin, GLP-1, and PYY secretion was more enhanced by pre-probiotic use in early postoperative period. But this increase not only in anthropometric measurements but also in appetite ratings affects negatively, contrary to expectations. In summary, it should be investigated with new studies that use of pre-probiotics in the late postoperative period may be more effective in patients with weak insulin and incretin response and therefore insufficient weight loss. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03517345.
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Di Ciaula A, Baj J, Garruti G, Celano G, De Angelis M, Wang HH, Di Palo DM, Bonfrate L, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Liver Steatosis, Gut-Liver Axis, Microbiome and Environmental Factors. A Never-Ending Bidirectional Cross-Talk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2648. [PMID: 32823983 PMCID: PMC7465294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide and parallels comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Recent studies describe the presence of NAFLD in non-obese individuals, with mechanisms partially independent from excessive caloric intake. Increasing evidences, in particular, point towards a close interaction between dietary and environmental factors (including food contaminants), gut, blood flow, and liver metabolism, with pathways involving intestinal permeability, the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial products, immunity, local, and systemic inflammation. These factors play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal, liver, and metabolic homeostasis. An anomalous or imbalanced gut microbial composition may favor an increased intestinal permeability, predisposing to portal translocation of microorganisms, microbial products, and cell wall components. These components form microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), with potentials to interact in the intestine lamina propria enriched in immune cells, and in the liver at the level of the immune cells, i.e., Kupffer cells and stellate cells. The resulting inflammatory environment ultimately leads to liver fibrosis with potentials to progression towards necrotic and fibrotic changes, cirrhosis. and hepatocellular carcinoma. By contrast, measures able to modulate the composition of gut microbiota and to preserve gut vascular barrier might prevent or reverse NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.H.W.); (D.Q.-H.W.)
| | - Domenica Maria Di Palo
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.H.W.); (D.Q.-H.W.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.C.); (D.M.D.P.); (L.B.)
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Zoll J, Read MN, Heywood SE, Estevez E, Marshall JPS, Kammoun HL, Allen TL, Holmes AJ, Febbraio MA, Henstridge DC. Fecal microbiota transplantation from high caloric-fed donors alters glucose metabolism in recipient mice, independently of adiposity or exercise status. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E203-E216. [PMID: 32516027 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00037.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest the gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Exercise alters microbiota composition and diversity and is protective of these maladies. We tested whether the protective metabolic effects of exercise are mediated through fecal components through assessment of body composition and metabolism in recipients of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from exercise-trained (ET) mice fed normal or high-energy diets. Donor C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS) for 4 wk to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. Mice were divided into sedentary (Sed) or ET groups (6 wk treadmill-based ET) while maintaining their diets, resulting in four donor groups: chow sedentary (NC-Sed) or ET (NC-ET) and HFHS sedentary (HFHS-Sed) or ET (HFHS-ET). Chow-fed recipient mice were gavaged with feces from the respective donor groups weekly, creating four groups (NC-Sed-R, NC-ET-R, HFHS-Sed-R, HFHS-ET-R), and body composition and metabolism were assessed. The HFHS diet led to glucose intolerance and obesity in the donors, whereas exercise training (ET) restrained adiposity and improved glucose tolerance. No donor group FMT altered recipient body composition. Despite unaltered adiposity, glucose levels were disrupted when challenged in mice receiving feces from HFHS-fed donors, irrespective of donor-ET status, with a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose clearance into white adipose tissue and large intestine and specific changes in the recipient's microbiota composition observed. FMT can transmit HFHS-induced disrupted glucose metabolism to recipient mice independently of any change in adiposity. However, the protective metabolic effect of ET on glucose metabolism is not mediated through fecal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereon Zoll
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark N Read
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Emma Estevez
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica P S Marshall
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Tamara L Allen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Holmes
- Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tellez G, Arreguin-Nava MA, Maguey JA, Michel MA, Latorre JD, Merino-Guzman R, Hernandez-Velasco X, Moore PA, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Effect of Bacillus-direct-fed microbial on leaky gut, serum peptide YY concentration, bone mineralization, and ammonia excretion in neonatal female turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4514-4520. [PMID: 32867995 PMCID: PMC7598103 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rye is high in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), a complex carbohydrate which cannot be digested by poultry as they lack the endogenous enzymes to do so. Exogenous carbohydrases must therefore be supplemented to avoid the antinutritional effects associated with a high NSP diet. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of a rye-based diet with and without supplementation of a Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) on body weight, bone mineralization, and leaky gut, as well as its role on influencing serum concentrations of peptide YY (PPY) and the ammonia concentration in turkey manure. Two independent trials were conducted. In each experiment, day-of-hatch female turkey poults were neck tagged and randomly assigned to either a control rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with the DFM (n = 25 birds/group). At 10 days-of-age, poults in both groups were administered with an appropriate dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) by oral gavage. One hour later, all poults were euthanized. Blood was collected to evaluate serum FITC-d and PPY concentrations. Furthermore, in Trial 2 only, both tibias were removed for assessment of bone parameters, and turkey manure was collected to evaluate physicochemical analysis. In both trials, poults treated with the DFM showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in body weight and body weight gain as compared with control nontreated poults. Poults that received the DFM also had a significant reduction in serum levels of PPY and FITC-d when compared with control nontreated poults. In Trial 2, turkeys treated with the DFM had a substantial increase in tibia strength, tibia diameter, total ash, calcium, and phosphorus when compared with control nontreated turkeys. Their manure was also shown to have a significant reduction in the concentration of ammonia. This is the first report of a commercial DFM reducing the concentration of this compound in turkey manure. In summary, the results of the present study confirm that turkeys fed with a rye-based diet have a significant increase in gut permeability, a reduced body weight, and decreased bone mineralization when compared with turkeys fed with the DFM. Turkeys that received the rye-based diet supplemented with the Bacillus-DFM also had a significant reduction in the serum concentration of PPY when compared with control turkeys. This finding suggests a possible prebiotic effect of rye, warranting future studies to test this effect. Further studies to evaluate the microbiota diversity, as well as the concentration of ceca short-chain fatty acids, are also necessary to confirm the reliability of PPY as a potential metabolomic biomarker in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - J A Maguey
- College of Superior Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 54714, Mexico
| | - M A Michel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - J D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - R Merino-Guzman
- Avian Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, UNAM, 04510, Mexico
| | - X Hernandez-Velasco
- Avian Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, UNAM, 04510, Mexico
| | - P A Moore
- USDA-ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - B M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Zhang J, Luo D, Lin Z, Zhou W, Rao J, Li Y, Wu J, Peng H, Lou T. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in adult idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104359. [PMID: 32599137 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut bacterial microbiota is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those on dialysis. However, it is not yet clear what bacterial composition changes occur in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). We present in this report the changes in gut bacterial microbiota in INS patients with membranous nephropathy. METHODS A total of 158 individuals were recruited for this study. Of these, 80 patients had stage 3-5 CKD without nephrotic syndrome (CKD group), 48 patients had INS and pathological diagnosis of membranous nephropathy (INS group), and 30 were age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC group). The gut microbiome composition was analyzed using a 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing protocol. RESULTS The results indicate that the nephrotic syndrome patients had a significantly different alpha and beta diversity compared with the CKD group and HC group (P < 0.01). At the phylum level, the INS patients showed increased Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria but reduced Firmicutes when compared with the HC group. At the genus level, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Akkermansia, and the butyrate-producing bacteria Lachnospira, Roseburia, and Fusobacterium were more abundant in the HC group (LDA score > 3) than the CKD and INS group. Fecal organic acid analysis revealed significantly lower quantities of propionate acid and butyric acid in INS than the HC group (P < 0.05). Compared with the HC group, we found that Parabacteroides was increased in CKD and INS patients. In addition, Oscillospira and Ruminococcus were more abundant in CKD patients than in the other two groups (LDA score > 3). At the genus level, ten bacterial taxa were more prevalent in the HC group. Providencia and Myroides were more prevalent in INS patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that, INS patients had a significantly different alpha and beta diversity and decreased gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate. However, large-scale prospective studies should be performed to identify the cause and effect factors of these changes in the microbiota in INS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Rao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lupien-Meilleur J, Andrich DE, Quinn S, Micaelli-Baret C, St-Amand R, Roy D, St-Pierre DH. Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Peptides: Potential Outcomes on the Regulation of Glucose Control. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:359-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Effects of oat β-glucan, oat resistant starch, and the whole oat flour on insulin resistance, inflammation, and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Lieshchova MA, Bilan MV, Bohomaz AA, Tishkina NM, Brygadyrenko VV. Effect of succinic acid on the organism of mice and their intestinal microbiota against the background of excessive fat consumption. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinic acid and its salts (succinates) positively affect the oxygenation of the internal environment, stabilize the structure and functional activity of mitochondria, and normalize the ion metabolism in the cell. Separate clinical studies and experimental surveys confirmed that having low toxicity succinic acid has well-manifested antioxidant, immunostimulating, adaptogenic properties. In this study, we determined the influence of succinic acid on the organism of laboratory animals against the backround of high-fat diet: the changes in body weight, indices of the mass of the internal organs, blood parameters and the changes in the intestinal microbiota were determined. For the experiment, we formed three experimental and three control groups of male white mice. The animals of the control group received 0.5% solution of succinic acid instead of water. In the experiment, we determined that succinic acid has no effect on the intensity of growth of weight of young mice against the background of excessive fat in their diet. Excessive consumption of fat by male mice leads to mainly disorders in the functioning of the liver, excretory and the immune systems. High-fat diet of mice is accompanied by impaired hepatic function, manifested in sharp hypoproteinemia due to globulins, increase in the activity of hepatic enzymes against the background of reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase, increase in the level of bilirubin, and decrease in glucose. Excess of fat in the diet leads to malfunctioning of the excretory system, manifested in the reduced index of kidneys’ weight, high content of creatinine and reduced level of urea in the blood. Addition of succinic acid has a positive effect on the functional condition of the liver and the kidneys, especially noticeable during long-term intake. High-fat diet causes disorders in the functioning of the organs of blood circulation and immune protection, accompanied by decrease in the relative mass of the thymus and spleen, low content of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes, but has no significant effect on the content of other cellular elements in the blood. By the middle of the experiment, succinic acid had exacerbated these processes compared to the control, but by the end of the experiment, by contrast, these processes were alleviated. Addition of the succinic acid to high-fat diet contributed to the change in the quantitative composition of the main representatives of the obligatory microbiota (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and typical Escherichia coli) in the laboratory animals. Such changes in the intestinal microbiota may lead to such consequences as reproduction of the facultative microflora, and, thus, development of various diseases.
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Guo K, Xu S, Zhang Q, Peng M, Yang Z, Li W, Tan Z. Bacterial diversity in the intestinal mucosa of mice fed with Asparagus extract under high-fat diet condition. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:228. [PMID: 32377501 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Asparagus on bacterial diversity in the intestinal mucosa of mice fed with high-fat diet, thus providing theoretical basis for the development and research of Asparagus products. Twelve healthy male Kunming mice and twelve healthy female Kunming mice were chosen and randomly divided into normal group, model group, Asparagus group, and lipid-lowering decoction group, with six mice in each group. After establishing the models of mice fed with high-fat diet through feeding with high-fat diet, the mice in the Asparagus group were gavaged with Asparagus juice, those in the lipid-lowering decoction group were gavaged with lipid-lowering decoction, and those in the normal group and high-fat diet group were gavaged with the equal amount of distilled water. Intestinal mucosa from the jejunum to ileum were collected, and DNA was extracted from each mice. The characteristics of the intestinal microbial species were analyzed by PacBio Sequel-based 16S rRNA sequencing. Result showed that the total OTU reached 1559 in the normal group, 1750 in the high-fat diet group, 1795 in the lipid-Lowering decoction group, and 1635 in the Asparagus group, which indicated that the Asparagus juice could inhibit the total OUT of intestinal bacteria. The analysis on sample community diversity indicated that the richness, diversity, richness estimation, and diversity in the Asparagus Group, lipid-lowering decoction group, and normal group were lower than those in the high-fat diet group. Bacteriophyta classification analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria in the Asparagus group was between that in the high-fat diet group and normal group. In conclusion, Asparagus can affect the diversity of bacteria in the intestinal mucosa of mice fed with high-fat diet, and achieve a lipid-lowering effect by regulating the intestinal microecology of mice fed with high-fat diet.
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Martín-Calvo N, Martínez-González MÁ, Segura G, Chavarro JE, Carlos S, Gea A. Caesarean delivery is associated with higher risk of overweight in the offspring: within-family analysis in the SUN cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:586-591. [PMID: 32332117 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies assessing the association between caesarean delivery (CD) and childhood overweight/obesity have failed to account for important confounders, such as maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) or the indication of the CD. Furthermore, within-family analyses have reported contradictory results. We aimed at evaluating the association between CD and offspring's risk of overweight/obesity while adjusting for important confounders and accounting for correlations between siblings. METHODS Women in the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' cohort provided structured information regarding their pregnancy history and their children's health through online cross-sectional questionnaires. We calculated adjusted differences in BMI z-score and risk ratios (RR) for offspring's overweight/obesity associated with CD, with hierarchical models to account for correlations between siblings. We also performed a within-family analysis in 341 siblings who were discordant in delivery mode, using conditional multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 2791 children analysed, those born by CD had higher average BMI z-scores (difference: 0.17; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.27) and higher risk of overweight/obesity (RR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.65) than children born vaginally. The association did not differ by maternal characteristics or offspring's age strata, and the results were consistent in sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, within-family analysis showed that children born by CD had 2.67-fold higher risk of overweight/obesity (95% CI 1.10 to 5.12) than their peers born vaginally. CONCLUSION Children born by CD have higher average BMI z-scores and higher risk of overweight/obesity than children born vaginally. The consistency of these findings across multiple approaches to address potential residual confounding likely suggests a true biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra. School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra. School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gloria Segura
- University of Navarra. School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Carlos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra. School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra. School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Madrid, Spain
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Khan MS, Ikram M, Park JS, Park TJ, Kim MO. Gut Microbiota, Its Role in Induction of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology, and Possible Therapeutic Interventions: Special Focus on Anthocyanins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040853. [PMID: 32244729 PMCID: PMC7226756 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is a safe environment for several microbes that are symbiotic and important for the wellbeing of human health. However, studies on gut microbiota in different animals have suggested that changes in the composition and structure of these microbes may promote gut inflammation by releasing inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides, gut-wall leakage, and may affect systemic inflammatory and immune mechanisms that are important for the normal functioning of the body. There are many factors that aid in the gut’s dysbiosis and neuroinflammation, including high stress levels, lack of sleep, fatty and processed foods, and the prolonged use of antibiotics. These neurotoxic mechanisms of dysbiosis may increase susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Therefore, studies have recently been conducted to tackle AD-like conditions by specifically targeting gut microbes that need further elucidation. It was suggested that gut dyshomeostasis may be regulated by using available options, including the use of flavonoids such as anthocyanins, and restriction of the use of high-fatty-acid-containing food. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota, factors promoting it, and possible therapeutic interventions especially focused on the therapeutic potential of natural dietary polyflavonoid anthocyanins. Our study strongly suggests that gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation are critically involved in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, and the natural intake of these flavonoids may provide new therapeutic opportunities for preclinical or clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research, Centre Institute of Cancer, Sciences University of Glasgow, 0747 657 5394 Glasgow, UK;
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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Bo TB, Wen J, Zhao YC, Tian SJ, Zhang XY, Wang DH. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum reduces triglycerides by modulating gut microbiota in mice fed high-fat food. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105602. [PMID: 31987886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a growing concern around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (B. pseudolongum) on obesity, gut microbiota, and its physiological mechanism. The obese mice model was established with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment were used the strain B. pseudolongum. We investigated the changes in fat content, plasma metabolites and gut microbiota on obese mice and B. pseudolongum treated obese mice. We found that B. pseudolongum treatment significantly decreased the body mass (about 12 %), plasma triglycerides (about 12.4 %), gross energy intake (about 12.8 %), and visceral fat (about 26.5 %) in obese mice. Further, High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that B. pseudolongum treatment markedly recovered the gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice, including the diversity of microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. B. pseudolongum treatment increased the abundance of the bacterial genus Butyricimonas and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, B. pseudolongum may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diet-induced obesity (DIO). B. pseudolongum treatment could change host gut microbiota and provide benefits to host digestive processes that mitigate metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bei Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Chun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang-Jie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chavarro JE, Martín-Calvo N, Yuan C, Arvizu M, Rich-Edwards JW, Michels KB, Sun Q. Association of Birth by Cesarean Delivery With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Among Adult Women. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e202605. [PMID: 32282045 PMCID: PMC7154804 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Cesarean delivery is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity in offspring. However, whether this increased risk also includes obesity-associated conditions remains unclear. Objective To evaluate the association of birth by cesarean delivery with offspring's risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study compared the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes between birth by cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery among 33 226 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II who were born between 1946 and 1964, with follow-up through the end of the 2013-2015 follow-up cycle. Participants' mothers provided information on mode of delivery and pregnancy characteristics. Participants provided information every 2 years on weight and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Relative risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes were estimated using log-binomial and proportional hazards regression accounting for maternal body mass index and other confounding factors. Statistical analysis was performed from June 2017 to December 2019. Exposure Birth by cesarean delivery compared with birth by vaginal delivery. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk of obesity and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Results At baseline, the participants' mean (SD) age was 33.8 (4.6) years (range, 24.0-44.0 years). A total of 1089 of the 33 226 participants (3.3%) were born by cesarean delivery. After 1 913 978 person-years of follow-up, 12 156 (36.6%) women were obese and 2014 (6.1%) had received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Women born by cesarean delivery were more likely to be classified as obese and to have received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes during follow-up. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk of obesity among women born by cesarean vs vaginal delivery was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.03-1.19). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes among women born by cesarean vs vaginal delivery was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.18-1.81); this association remained significant after additional adjustment for participant's own body mass index (relative risk, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.08-1.67]). These associations persisted when analyses were restricted to women at low risk of cesarean delivery based on maternal characteristics. Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that women born by cesarean delivery may have a higher risk than women born by vaginal delivery of being obese and developing type 2 diabetes during adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariel Arvizu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janet W. Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Deng X, Wang P, Yuan H. Epidemiology, risk factors across the spectrum of age-related metabolic diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126497. [PMID: 32247247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging is dynamic process of increasing proportion of older adults in the total population, which is an inescapable result of decline in fertility rate and extension in life expectancy. Inevitably, age-related metabolic diseases, for example obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are becoming epidemic globally along with the demographic transition. CONTENT The review examines the literatures related to: 1) the epidemiology of age related metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; and 2) the risk factors of age related metabolic diseases including genetic factors, diet, smoking, Physical activity, intestinal microbiota and environmental factors. CONCLUSION Population aging is becoming epidemic worldwide, resulting in increasing incidence and prevalence of a serious of age-related metabolic diseases. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the diseases, thus interventions targeting on these factors may have beneficial effect on the development of age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
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Vandana UK, Barlaskar NH, Gulzar ABM, Laskar IH, Kumar D, Paul P, Pandey P, Mazumder PB. Linking gut microbiota with the human diseases. Bioinformation 2020; 16:196-208. [PMID: 32405173 PMCID: PMC7196170 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is rich in microbes. Therefore, it is of interest to document data to link known human diseases with the gut microbiota. Various factors like hormones, metabolites and dietary habitats are responsible for shaping the microbiota of the gut. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is responsible for the pathogenesis of various disease types including rheumatoid arthritis, different types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. We report a review of known data for the correction of dysbiosis (imbalance in microbe population) towards improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Prosenjit Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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135
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Pieczynska MD, Yang Y, Petrykowski S, Horbanczuk OK, Atanasov AG, Horbanczuk JO. Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030594. [PMID: 32013236 PMCID: PMC7037843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota metabolites have a great influence on host digestive function and body health itself. The effects of intestinal microbes on the host metabolism and nutrients absorption are mainly due to regulatory mechanisms related to serotonin, cytokines, and metabolites. Multiple studies have repeatedly reported that the gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the absorption of bioactive compounds by converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. Moreover, some intestinal metabolites derived from natural polyphenol products have more biological activities than their own fundamental biological functions. Bioactive like polyphenolic compounds, prebiotics and probiotics are the best known dietary strategies for regulating the composition of gut microbial populations or metabolic/immunological activities, which are called “three “p” for gut health”. Intestinal microbial metabolites have an indirect effect on atherosclerosis, by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation. It has been found that the diversity of intestinal microbiota negatively correlates with the development of atherosclerosis. The fewer the variation and number of microbial species in the gut, the higher the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Therefore, the atherosclerosis can be prevented and treated from the perspective of improving the number and variability of gut microbiota. In here, we summarize the effects of gut metabolites of natural products on the pathological process of the atherosclerosis, since gut intestinal metabolites not only have an indirect effect on macrophage foaming in the vessel wall, but also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena D. Pieczynska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.D.P.); (J.O.H.); Tel.: +48-22-736-70-00
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - S. Petrykowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Olaf K. Horbanczuk
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw O. Horbanczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.P.); (J.O.H.); Tel.: +48-22-736-70-00
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Wilkinson N, Hughes RJ, Bajagai YS, Aspden WJ, Hao Van TT, Moore RJ, Stanley D. Reduced environmental bacterial load during early development and gut colonisation has detrimental health consequences in Japanese quail. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03213. [PMID: 31970305 PMCID: PMC6965716 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal colonisation by commensal microbiota is essential for the health and well-being of the host. We aimed to evaluate the influence of a reduced bacterial load environment on microbiota development and maturation, and the possibility of targeted colonisation via at-hatch administration of a selected bacterial strain. Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were inoculated within 1 h of hatch with a freshly grown culture of a Lactobacillus agilis isolate derived from a healthy adult quail. Hatchlings were kept in a mouse isolator for one week and then housed between one and four weeks of age, with a flock of normally grown adult quail to expose the bacteria-restricted birds to normal commensal quail bacteria. The bacterial isolate used to inoculate the birds was found to completely dominate the microbiota of the intestine of L.agilis at-hatch inoculated birds. Despite 3 weeks of co-housing of the test birds with an adult flock harbouring normal rich gut microbiota, neither the Lactobacillus inoculated nor PBS inoculated birds reached the level of bacterial diversity seen in birds raised under normal conditions. Neither PBS nor Lactobacillus inoculated birds were able to adopt normal quail microbiota after one week of restricted exposure to bacteria, indicating that contact with diverse microbiota during the early days of gut development in birds is critical for the establishment of healthy intestinal community. Very early intervention in the form of a suitable bacterial probiotic inoculant immediately post-hatch protected birds grown in extreme hygiene conditions from developing anomalous gut microbiota and intestinal damage. Our data shows that it is possible to induce dominance of desired strain using simple timed manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngare Wilkinson
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia.,Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales 2315, Australia
| | - Robert J Hughes
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales 2315, Australia.,South Australian Research and Development Institute, Pig and Poultry Production Institute, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia.,The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
| | - William J Aspden
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- RMIT University, School of Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales 2315, Australia.,RMIT University, School of Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Future Farming Systems, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4702, Australia.,Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England Armidale, New South Wales 2315, Australia
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137
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Chen X, Sun H, Jiang F, Shen Y, Li X, Hu X, Shen X, Wei P. Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8317. [PMID: 31976177 PMCID: PMC6968493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a global epidemic in the industrialized and developing world, and many children suffer from obesity-related complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might have significant effect on the development of obesity. The microbiota continues to develop through childhood and thus childhood may be the prime time for microbiota interventions to realize health promotion or disease prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure and function of pediatric gut microbiota. Methods According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, twenty-three normal weight and twenty-eight obese children were recruited from Nanjing, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and sequencing was applied to analyze the gut microbiota diversity and composition using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota with increasing body weight. The alpha diversity indices showed that the normal weight group had higher abundance and observed species than the obese group (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; PD whole tree: P < 0.001; Shannon index: P = 0.008). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the normal weight group and the obese group. The liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fifty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the fecal samples of the normal weight group and forty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the obese group. In regard to phyla, the gut microbiota in the obese group had lower proportions of Bacteroidetes (51.35%) compared to the normal weight group (55.48%) (P = 0.030). There was no statistical difference in Firmicutes between the two groups (P = 0.436), and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between the two groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.983). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Megamonas, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant in the obese group than in the normal weight group (P = 0.048, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P = 0.040, and P = 0.003, respectively). The fecal microbiota of children in the obese group had lower proportions of Oscillospira and Dialister compared to the normal weight group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed a decrease in gut microbiota abundance and diversity as the BMI increased. Variations in the bacterial community structure were associated with obesity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the development of obesity in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueju Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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138
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Huidrom S, Beg M. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and human diseases. JOURNAL OF MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_59_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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139
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Li S, Wang L, Liu B, He N. Unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides attenuated obesity-related metabolic abnormalities by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-diet mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:4773-4784. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new potent prebiotic oligosaccharide for obesity and related metabolic abnormalities by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyong Li
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Linna Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
| | - Ningning He
- College of Basic Medicine
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
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140
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Khudhair Z, Alhallaf R, Eichenberger RM, Whan J, Kupz A, Field M, Krause L, Wilson DT, Daly NL, Giacomin P, Sotillo J, Loukas A. Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Decreases Systemic Inflammation, and Alters the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Distinct Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606530. [PMID: 33613446 PMCID: PMC7892786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem and is considered one of the top 10 diseases leading to death globally. T2D has been widely associated with systemic and local inflammatory responses and with alterations in the gut microbiota. Microorganisms, including parasitic worms and gut microbes have exquisitely co-evolved with their hosts to establish an immunological interaction that is essential for the formation and maintenance of a balanced immune system, including suppression of excessive inflammation. Herein we show that both prophylactic and therapeutic infection of mice with the parasitic hookworm-like nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and body weight gain in two different diet-induced mouse models of T2D. Helminth infection was associated with elevated type 2 immune responses including increased eosinophil numbers in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and adipose tissues, as well as increased expression of IL-4 and alternatively activated macrophage marker genes in adipose tissue, liver and gut. N. brasiliensis infection was also associated with significant compositional changes in the gut microbiota at both the phylum and order levels. Our findings show that N. brasiliensis infection drives changes in local and systemic immune cell populations, and that these changes are associated with a reduction in systemic and local inflammation and compositional changes in the gut microbiota which cumulatively might be responsible for the improved insulin sensitivity observed in infected mice. Our findings indicate that carefully controlled therapeutic hookworm infection in humans could be a novel approach for treating metabolic syndrome and thereby preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Khudhair
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Rafid Alhallaf
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jen Whan
- Advanced Analytical Center, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Field
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David T. Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alex Loukas,
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141
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Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235920. [PMID: 31775341 PMCID: PMC6929181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.
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142
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Collao N, Rada I, Francaux M, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor Regulation in Innate Immune Cells – A Review. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 39:39-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1682569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collao
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Rada
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Salud Deportivo, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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143
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[Intestinal microbiota and allogeneic stem cell transplantation]. Bull Cancer 2019; 107:72-83. [PMID: 31582175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoïetic stem cell transplantation is one of the most efficient curative treatment for acute leukemia. But it is also a heavy process with an important risk of complications, particularly infection and graft versus host disease. Increasing data in literature show that an alteration of the intestinal microbiota of allogeneic stem cell recipients is associated with these complications. Indeed, treatments used during conditioning regimen lead to an impaired microbiota, which cannot fulfill its protective functions anymore. To limit this microbiota impairment, we could restore a healthy microbiota by a fecal microbiota transplantation, which has already shown its efficiency in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. The aim of this review is to describe the intestinal microbiota, the link between microbiota and complications of allogeneic stem cells transplantation, and the recent published data on fecal microbiota transplantation in this field.
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144
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Arreguin-Nava MA, Hernández-Patlán D, Solis-Cruz B, Latorre JD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Tellez G, El-Ashram S, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotic Culture Candidates for the Treatment of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Neonatal Turkey Poults. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090696. [PMID: 31533370 PMCID: PMC6770488 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic candidates on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) colonization was evaluated in two separate experiments. In each experiment, sixty-one day-of-hatch female turkey poults were obtained from a local hatchery. In both experiments, poults were challenged via oral gavage with 104 cfu/poult of SE and randomly allocated to one of two groups (n = 30 poults): (1) the positive control group and (2) the probiotic treated group. Heated brooder batteries were used for housing each group separately and poults were allowed ad libitum access to water and unmedicated turkey starter feed. 1 h following the SE challenge, poults were treated with 106 cfu/poult of probiotic culture via oral gavage or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)to control groups. A total of 24 h post-treatment, poults were euthanized and the ceca and cecal tonsils from twenty poults were collected aseptically for SE recovery. In both trials, a significant reduction in the incidence and log10 cfu/g of SE were observed in poults treated with the probiotic when compared with control poults (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the administration of this lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB)-based probiotic 1 h after an SE challenge can be useful in reducing the cecal colonization of this pathogen in neonatal poults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hernández-Patlán
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México 54714, Mexico; (D.H.-P.); (B.S.-C.)
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México 54714, Mexico; (D.H.-P.); (B.S.-C.)
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Cd. de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China;
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (J.D.L.); (B.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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145
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Nicoletti A, Ponziani FR, Biolato M, Valenza V, Marrone G, Sganga G, Gasbarrini A, Miele L, Grieco A. Intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of liver damage: From non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4814-4834. [PMID: 31543676 PMCID: PMC6737313 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intimate connection and the strict mutual cooperation between the gut and the liver realizes a functional entity called gut-liver axis. The integrity of intestinal barrier is crucial for the maintenance of liver homeostasis. In this mutual relationship, the liver acts as a second firewall towards potentially harmful substances translocated from the gut, and is, in turn, is implicated in the regulation of the barrier. Increasing evidence has highlighted the relevance of increased intestinal permeability and consequent bacterial translocation in the development of liver damage. In particular, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease recent hypotheses are considering intestinal permeability impairment, diet and gut dysbiosis as the primary pathogenic trigger. In advanced liver disease, intestinal permeability is enhanced by portal hypertension. The clinical consequence is an increased bacterial translocation that further worsens liver damage. Furthermore, this pathogenic mechanism is implicated in most of liver cirrhosis complications, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma. After liver transplantation, the decrease in portal pressure should determine beneficial effects on the gut-liver axis, although are incompletely understood data on the modifications of the intestinal permeability and gut microbiota composition are still lacking. How the modulation of the intestinal permeability could prevent the initiation and progression of liver disease is still an uncovered area, which deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nicoletti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Marco Biolato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Venanzio Valenza
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marrone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sganga
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
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146
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Chang JF, Yeh JC, Ho CT, Liu SH, Hsieh CY, Wang TM, Chang SW, Lee IT, Huang KY, Wang JY, Lin WN. Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4393. [PMID: 31500176 PMCID: PMC6769974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic endotoxemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic inflammation, and obese kidney fibrosis. Although the fat-intestine-kidney axis has been documented, the pathomechanism and therapeutic targets of obese kidney fibrosis remain unelucidated. To mimic obese humans with metabolic endotoxemia, high-fat-diet-fed mice (HF group) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to yield the obese kidney fibrosis-metabolic endotoxemia mouse model (HL group). Therapeutic effects of ROS, cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were analyzed with a quantitative comparison of immunohistochemistry stains and morphometric approach in the tubulointerstitium of different groups. Compared with basal and HF groups, the HL group exhibited the most prominent obese kidney fibrosis, tubular epithelial lipid vacuoles, and lymphocyte infiltration in the tubulointerstitium. Furthermore, inhibitors of nonspecific ROS, cPLA2 and COX-2 ameliorated the above renal damages. Notably, the ROS-inhibitor-treated group ameliorated not only oxidative injury but also the expression of cPLA2 and COX-2, indicating that ROS functions as the upstream signaling molecule in the inflammatory cascade of obese kidney fibrosis. ROS acts as a key messenger in the signaling transduction of obese kidney fibrosis, activating downstream cPLA2 and COX-2. The given antioxidant treatment ameliorates obese kidney fibrosis resulting from a combined high-fat diet and LPS-ROS could serve as a potential therapeutic target of obese kidney fibrosis with metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Chen Yeh
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ta Ho
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hao Liu
- Division of Pathology, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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147
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Tran HQ, Mills RH, Peters NV, Holder MK, de Vries GJ, Knight R, Chassaing B, Gonzalez DJ, Gewirtz AT. Associations of the Fecal Microbial Proteome Composition and Proneness to Diet-induced Obesity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1864-1879. [PMID: 31262998 PMCID: PMC6731084 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of refined high-fat, low-fiber diets promotes development of obesity and its associated consequences. Although genetics play an important role in dictating susceptibility to such obesogenic diets, mice with nearly uniform genetics exhibit marked heterogeneity in their extent of obesity in response to such diets. This suggests non-genetic determinants play a role in diet-induced obesity. Hence, we sought to identify parameters that predict, and/or correlate with, development of obesity in response to an obesogenic diet. We assayed behavior, metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers/cytokines, microbiota composition, and the fecal metaproteome, in a cohort of mice (n = 50) prior to, and the 8 weeks following, administration of an obesogenic high-fat low-fiber diet. Neither behavioral testing nor quantitation of inflammatory markers broadly predicted severity of diet-induced obesity. Although, the small subset of mice that exhibited basal elevations in serum IL-6 (n = 5) were among the more obese mice in the cohort. While fecal microbiota composition changed markedly in response to the obesogenic diet, it lacked the ability to predict which mice were relative prone or resistant to obesity. In contrast, fecal metaproteome analysis revealed functional and taxonomic differences among the proteins associated with proneness to obesity. Targeted interrogation of microbiota composition data successfully validated the taxonomic differences seen in the metaproteome. Although future work will be needed to determine the breadth of applicability of these associations to other cohorts of animals and humans, this study nonetheless highlights the potential power of gut microbial proteins to predict and perhaps impact development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Q Tran
- ‡Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert H Mills
- §Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA; ¶Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA; ‖Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA; **Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Nicole V Peters
- ‡‡Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary K Holder
- ‡‡Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; §§School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | | | - Rob Knight
- ‖Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA; **Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- ‡Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; ‡‡Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- §Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA; ¶Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA; **Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA.
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- ‡Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA.
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Vallianou N, Stratigou T, Christodoulatos GS, Dalamaga M. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:317-332. [PMID: 31175629 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this review, we summarize current evidence on the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in relation to obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Special emphasis is given on mechanisms interconnecting gut microbiome and microbial metabolites with metabolic disorders as well as on potential preventive and therapeutic perspectives with a "bench to bedside" approach. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis in the etiology and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Overall, most studies have demonstrated a reduction in gut microbiome diversity and richness in obese subjects, but there is still much debate on the exact microbial signature of a healthy or an obese gut microbiome. Despite the controversial role of an altered gut microbiome as a cause or consequence of obesity in human studies, numerous animal studies and certain human studies suggest beneficial metabolic effects of certain microbial intestinal metabolites, such as butyrate, that could be used in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. More randomized controlled trials and larger prospective studies including well-defined cohorts as well as a multi-omics approach are warranted to better identify the associations between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and obesity and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, KAT Hospital, 2 Nikis, Kifisia, 14561, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias #27, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias #27, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Szilagyi A. Relationship(s) between obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases: possible intertwined pathogenic mechanisms. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 13:139-152. [PMID: 31452062 PMCID: PMC7101293 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's and ulcerative colitis have increased in incidence and prevalence from the mid-eighteen to the late nineteen centuries. From then to the current twenty-first century there has been a more rapid expansion of these disease to areas previously experiencing low rates. This latter expansion coincides with the current obesity pandemic which also began toward the end of the last century. Although the two diseases have radically different frequencies, there are interesting links between them. Four areas link the diseases. On an epidemiological level, IBD tends to follow a north-south gradient raising the importance of vitamin D in protection. Obesity has very weak relationship with latitude, but both diseases follow adult lactase distributions colliding in this plane. Is it possible that obesity (a low vitamin D condition with questionable response to supplements) reduces effects in IBD? On a pathogenic level, pro-inflammatory processes mark both IBD and obesity. The similarity raises the question of whether obesity could facilitate the development of IBD. Features of the metabolic syndrome occur in both, with or without obesity in IBD. The fourth interaction between the two diseases is the apparent effect of obesity on the course of IBD. There are suggestions that obesity may reduce the efficacy of biologic agents. Yet there is some suggestion also that obesity may reduce the need for hospitalization and surgery. The apparent co-expansion of both obesity and IBD suggests similar environmental changes may be involved in the promotion of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Szilagyi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Medical School, 3755 Cote St Catherine Rd, Room E110, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Antibiotic use in early childhood and risk of obesity: longitudinal analysis of a national cohort. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:390-397. [PMID: 30635840 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking oral antibiotics during childhood has been linked with an increased risk of childhood obesity. This study assessed any potential association in number of courses of antibiotics taken between 2-3 and 4-5 years of age and body mass trajectory up to age 5. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis of 8186 children and their parents from the infant cohort of the Irish National Longitudinal Study of Children. Antibiotic use was measured by parental recall between ages 2-3 and 4-5. Longitudinal models described the relationship between antibiotic exposure and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores and binary outcomes, and examined interactions between covariates, which included socioeconomic status, diet assessed by food frequency questionnaires and maternal BMI. RESULTS Any antibiotic usage between 2 and 3 years did not predict risk of overweight or obesity at age 5. Four or more courses of antibiotics between 2 and 3 years were independently associated with obesity at age 5 (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.11-2.31). Effect size was modest (coefficient + 0.09 body mass SD units, standard error 0.04, P = 0.037). Maternal BMI modified the relationship: ≥ 4 courses of antibiotics between 2 and 3 years were associated with a + 0.12 body mass SD units increase in weight at age 5 among children of normal-weight mothers (P = 0.035), but not in children of overweight mothers. CONCLUSIONS Number of antibiotic courses, rather than antibiotic use, may be an important factor in any link between early antibiotic exposure and subsequent childhood obesity. Research is needed to confirm differential effects on babies of normal versus overweight/obese mothers independent of socioeconomic factors.
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