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Mooranian A, Negrulj R, Chen-Tan N, Watts GF, Arfuso F, Al-Salami H. An optimized probucol microencapsulated formulation integrating a secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid) as a permeation enhancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1673-83. [PMID: 25302020 PMCID: PMC4189710 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s68247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The authors have previously designed, developed, and characterized a novel microencapsulated formulation as a platform for the targeted delivery of therapeutics in an animal model of type 2 diabetes, using the drug probucol (PB). The aim of this study was to optimize PB microcapsules by incorporating the bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), which has good permeation-enhancing properties, and to examine its effect on microcapsules' morphology, rheology, structural and surface characteristics, and excipients' chemical and thermal compatibilities. Microencapsulation was carried out using a BÜCHI-based microencapsulating system established in the authors' laboratory. Using the polymer sodium alginate (SA), two microencapsulated formulations were prepared: PB-SA (control) and PB-DCA-SA (test) at a constant ratio (1:30 and 1:3:30, respectively). Complete characterization of the microcapsules was carried out. The incorporation of DCA resulted in better structural and surface characteristics, uniform morphology, and stable chemical and thermal profiles, while size and rheological parameters remained similar to control. In addition, PB-DCA-SA microcapsules showed good excipients' compatibilities, which were supported by data from differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray studies, suggesting microcapsule stability. Hence, PB-DCA-SA microcapsules have good rheological and compatibility characteristics and may be suitable for the oral delivery of PB in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rebecca Negrulj
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nigel Chen-Tan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- School of Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Mooranian A, Negrulj R, Chen-Tan N, Al-Sallami HS, Fang Z, Mukkur TK, Mikov M, Golocorbin-Kon S, Fakhoury M, Watts GF, Matthews V, Arfuso F, Al-Salami H. Microencapsulation as a novel delivery method for the potential antidiabetic drug, Probucol. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1221-30. [PMID: 25246766 PMCID: PMC4166910 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In previous studies, we successfully designed complex multicompartmental microcapsules as a platform for the oral targeted delivery of lipophilic drugs in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Probucol (PB) is an antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant drug with the potential to show benefits in T2D. We aimed to create a novel microencapsulated formulation of PB and to examine the shape, size, and chemical, thermal, and rheological properties of these microcapsules in vitro. Method Microencapsulation was carried out using the Büchi-based microencapsulating system developed in our laboratory. Using the polymer, sodium alginate (SA), empty (control, SA) and loaded (test, PB-SA) microcapsules were prepared at a constant ratio (1:30). Complete characterizations of microcapsules, in terms of morphology, thermal profiles, dispersity, and spectral studies, were carried out in triplicate. Results PB-SA microcapsules displayed uniform and homogeneous characteristics with an average diameter of 1 mm. The microcapsules exhibited pseudoplastic-thixotropic characteristics and showed no chemical interactions between the ingredients. These data were further supported by differential scanning calorimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectral studies, suggesting microcapsule stability. Conclusion The new PB-SA microcapsules have good structural properties and may be suitable for the oral delivery of PB in T2D. Further studies are required to examine the clinical efficacy and safety of PB in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Negrulj
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel Chen-Tan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T K Mukkur
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia ; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia ; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marc Fakhoury
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- Laboratory for Metabolic Dysfunction, UWA Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, School of Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Wilson JL, McDevitt TC. Stem cell microencapsulation for phenotypic control, bioprocessing, and transplantation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:667-82. [PMID: 23239279 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation has been utilized for decades as a means to shield cells from the external environment while simultaneously permitting transport of oxygen, nutrients, and secretory molecules. In designing cell therapies, donor primary cells are often difficult to obtain and expand to appropriate numbers, rendering stem cells an attractive alternative due to their capacities for self-renewal, differentiation, and trophic factor secretion. Microencapsulation of stem cells offers several benefits, namely the creation of a defined microenvironment which can be designed to modulate stem cell phenotype, protection from hydrodynamic forces and prevention of agglomeration during expansion in suspension bioreactors, and a means to transplant cells behind a semi-permeable barrier, allowing for molecular secretion while avoiding immune reaction. This review will provide an overview of relevant microencapsulation processes and characterization in the context of maintaining stem cell potency, directing differentiation, investigating scalable production methods, and transplanting stem cells for clinically relevant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Wilson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0535, USA
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Abstract
Cell microencapsulation is based on the immobilization of cells for continuous release of therapeutics. This approach has been tested in the treatment of many diseases and several clinical trials have been performed. Factors such as the choice of cells to be encapsulated, the biomaterial used, and the procedure for carrying out the capsules are important issues when implementing this technology.This book chapter makes a comprehensive description of alginate, the most frequently employed biomaterial, passing by its structure, the extraction and treatment, and finishing with the process of gelation. It also describes the various modifications that can be carried out to allow the interaction between the alginate and the integrin receptors of encapsulated cells. The main microencapsulation technologies are presented as well as how 100 μm alginate-Poly-L-Lysine-alginate microcapsules can be fabricated with Flow-focusing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pello Sánchez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Microencapsulation for the Therapeutic Delivery of Drugs, Live Mammalian and Bacterial Cells, and Other Biopharmaceutics: Current Status and Future Directions. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2013:103527. [PMID: 26555963 PMCID: PMC4595965 DOI: 10.1155/2013/103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation is a technology that has shown significant promise in biotherapeutics, and other applications. It has been proven useful in the immobilization of drugs, live mammalian and bacterial cells and other cells, and other biopharmaceutics molecules, as it can provide material structuration, protection of the enclosed product, and controlled release of the encapsulated contents, all of which can ensure efficient and safe therapeutic effects. This paper is a comprehensive review of microencapsulation and its latest developments in the field. It provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and primary goals of microencapsulation and discusses various processes and techniques involved in microencapsulation including physical, chemical, physicochemical, and other methods involved. It also summarizes the state-of-the-art successes of microencapsulation, specifically with regard to the encapsulation of microorganisms, mammalian cells, drugs, and other biopharmaceutics in various diseases. The limitations and future directions of microencapsulation technologies are also discussed.
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