101
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Knaus HA, Berglund S, Hackl H, Blackford AL, Zeidner JF, Montiel-Esparza R, Mukhopadhyay R, Vanura K, Blazar BR, Karp JE, Luznik L, Gojo I. Signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in AML patients and their reversibility with response to chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120974. [PMID: 30385732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of phenotypic and functional signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited. Deciphering these deranged T cell functional states and how they are impacted by induction chemotherapy is essential for incorporation of novel immune-based strategies to restore and maintain antileukemia immunity. METHODS We utilized high-dimensional immunophenotyping, gene expression, and functional studies to characterize peripheral blood and bone marrow CD8+ T cells in 72 AML patients at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy. RESULTS Our data suggest that multiple aspects of deranged T cell function are operative in AML at diagnosis, with exhaustion and senescence being the dominant processes. Following treatment, the phenotypic and transcriptional profile of CD8+ T cells diverged between responders and nonresponders. Response to therapy correlated with upregulation of costimulatory, and downregulation of apoptotic and inhibitory, T cell signaling pathways, indicative of restoration of T cell function. In functional studies, AML blasts directly altered CD8+ T cell viability, expansion, co-signaling and senescence marker expression. This CD8+ T cell dysfunction was in part reversible upon PD-1 blockade or OX40 costimulation in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the uniqueness of AML in sculpting CD8+ T cell responses and the plasticity of their signatures upon chemotherapy response, providing a compelling rationale for integration of novel immunotherapies to augment antileukemia immunity. FUNDING This work was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society grant no. 6449-13; NIH grants UM1-CA186691 and R01-HL110907-01; the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation New Investigator Award/Gabrielle's Angel Foundation; the Vienna Fund for Innovative Cancer Research; and by fellowships from the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Swedish Society for Medical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A Knaus
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Berglund
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raúl Montiel-Esparza
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Judith E Karp
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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102
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Knaus HA, Berglund S, Hackl H, Blackford AL, Zeidner JF, Montiel-Esparza R, Mukhopadhyay R, Vanura K, Blazar BR, Karp JE, Luznik L, Gojo I. Signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in AML patients and their reversibility with response to chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 30385732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120974:e120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of phenotypic and functional signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited. Deciphering these deranged T cell functional states and how they are impacted by induction chemotherapy is essential for incorporation of novel immune-based strategies to restore and maintain antileukemia immunity. METHODS We utilized high-dimensional immunophenotyping, gene expression, and functional studies to characterize peripheral blood and bone marrow CD8+ T cells in 72 AML patients at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy. RESULTS Our data suggest that multiple aspects of deranged T cell function are operative in AML at diagnosis, with exhaustion and senescence being the dominant processes. Following treatment, the phenotypic and transcriptional profile of CD8+ T cells diverged between responders and nonresponders. Response to therapy correlated with upregulation of costimulatory, and downregulation of apoptotic and inhibitory, T cell signaling pathways, indicative of restoration of T cell function. In functional studies, AML blasts directly altered CD8+ T cell viability, expansion, co-signaling and senescence marker expression. This CD8+ T cell dysfunction was in part reversible upon PD-1 blockade or OX40 costimulation in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the uniqueness of AML in sculpting CD8+ T cell responses and the plasticity of their signatures upon chemotherapy response, providing a compelling rationale for integration of novel immunotherapies to augment antileukemia immunity. FUNDING This work was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society grant no. 6449-13; NIH grants UM1-CA186691 and R01-HL110907-01; the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation New Investigator Award/Gabrielle's Angel Foundation; the Vienna Fund for Innovative Cancer Research; and by fellowships from the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Swedish Society for Medical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A Knaus
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Berglund
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raúl Montiel-Esparza
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Judith E Karp
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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103
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Yue P, Harper T, Bacot SM, Chowdhury M, Lee S, Akue A, Kukuruga MA, Wang T, Feldman GM. BRAF and MEK inhibitors differentially affect nivolumab-induced T cell activation by modulating the TCR and AKT signaling pathways. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1512456. [PMID: 30546949 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1512456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as the anti-PD-1 antibody Nivolumab, achieve remarkable clinical efficacy in patients with late stage cancers. However, only a small subset of patients benefit from this therapy. Numerous clinical trials are underway testing whether combining ICIs with other anti-cancer therapies can increase this response rate. For example, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy combined with MAP kinase inhibition using BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and/or MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are in development for treatment of late stage melanomas. However, the benefits and underlying mechanisms of these combinatorial therapies remain unclear. In the current study, we assess the effects of MAPK inhibition on Nivolumab-induced T cell responses. Using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, we demonstrate that Nivolumab-induced T cell activation is highly heterogeneous. While BRAFi inhibits Nivolumab-induced cytokine production, T cell proliferation, activation markers (CD69, CD25), and Granzyme B in a substantial proportion of donor pairs, a small subset of donor pairs shows an additive effect. MEKi alone significantly inhibits Nivolumab-induced T cell activation; the addition of BRAFi significantly enhances this inhibitory effect. Mechanistically, the effects of BRAFi and/or MEKi on Nivolumab-induced T cell activation may be due to alteration of the activation of the AKT and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. Our results suggest that MAPK inhibition may not provide a clinical benefit for most melanoma patients being treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yue
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Taylor Harper
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Silvia M Bacot
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Monica Chowdhury
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shiowjen Lee
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Adovi Akue
- Office of Vaccines Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Kukuruga
- Office of Vaccines Research & Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gerald M Feldman
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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104
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Stanczak MA, Siddiqui SS, Trefny MP, Thommen DS, Boligan KF, von Gunten S, Tzankov A, Tietze L, Lardinois D, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Zhang W, Lenz HJ, Han Y, Amos CI, Syedbasha M, Egli A, Stenner F, Speiser DE, Varki A, Zippelius A, Läubli H. Self-associated molecular patterns mediate cancer immune evasion by engaging Siglecs on T cells. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4912-4923. [PMID: 30130255 DOI: 10.1172/jci120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
First-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-CTLA-4 and anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibodies, have led to major clinical progress, yet resistance frequently leads to treatment failure. Thus, new targets acting on T cells are needed. CD33-related sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are pattern-recognition immune receptors binding to a range of sialoglycan ligands, which appear to function as self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs) that suppress autoimmune responses. Siglecs are expressed at very low levels on normal T cells, and these receptors were not until recently considered as interesting targets on T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we show an upregulation of Siglecs, including Siglec-9, on tumor-infiltrating T cells from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal, and ovarian cancer patients. Siglec-9-expressing T cells coexpressed several inhibitory receptors, including PD-1. Targeting of the sialoglycan-SAMP/Siglec pathway in vitro and in vivo resulted in increased anticancer immunity. T cell expression of Siglec-9 in NSCLC patients correlated with reduced survival, and Siglec-9 polymorphisms showed association with the risk of developing lung and colorectal cancer. Our data identify the sialoglycan-SAMP/Siglec pathway as a potential target for improving T cell activation for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal A Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shoib S Siddiqui
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Wu Zhang
- USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stenner
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, and.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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105
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Hsu J, Hodgins JJ, Marathe M, Nicolai CJ, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Trevino TN, Azimi CS, Scheer AK, Randolph HE, Thompson TW, Zhang L, Iannello A, Mathur N, Jardine KE, Kirn GA, Bell JC, McBurney MW, Raulet DH, Ardolino M. Contribution of NK cells to immunotherapy mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4654-4668. [PMID: 30198904 DOI: 10.1172/jci99317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory axis has produced remarkable results in the treatment of several types of cancer. Whereas cytotoxic T cells are known to provide important antitumor effects during checkpoint blockade, certain cancers with low MHC expression are responsive to therapy, suggesting that other immune cell types may also play a role. Here, we employed several mouse models of cancer to investigate the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade on NK cells, a population of cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that also mediate antitumor immunity. We discovered that PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade elicited a strong NK cell response that was indispensable for the full therapeutic effect of immunotherapy. PD-1 was expressed on NK cells within transplantable, spontaneous, and genetically induced mouse tumor models, and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells resulted in reduced NK cell responses and generation of more aggressive tumors in vivo. PD-1 expression was more abundant on NK cells with an activated and more responsive phenotype and did not mark NK cells with an exhausted phenotype. These results demonstrate the importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in inhibiting NK cell responses in vivo and reveal that NK cells, in addition to T cells, mediate the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hodgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malvika Marathe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Chris J Nicolai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy N Trevino
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Camillia S Azimi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Amit K Scheer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley E Randolph
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Thornton W Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lily Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alexandre Iannello
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nikhita Mathur
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen E Jardine
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgia A Kirn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W McBurney
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Immunotherapy and Vaccine Research Initiative, Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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106
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Rosskopf S, Jahn-Schmid B, Schmetterer KG, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P. PD-1 has a unique capacity to inhibit allergen-specific human CD4 + T cell responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13543. [PMID: 30201974 PMCID: PMC6131174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes have a crucial role in initiating and promoting type I allergies. Their responses are tightly regulated by numerous activating and inhibitory signals provided by APCs. Here we have addressed the role of the major coinhibitory receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA and LAG-3 in allergen-specific CD4+ T cell responses. PBMCs of healthy individuals and 41 patients allergic to house dust mites, birch, grass or mugwort pollen were stimulated with allergenic extracts and expression of coinhibitory receptors on responding CD4+ T cells was assessed. Blocking antibodies to PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA and LAG-3 were used to evaluate the role of coinhibitory pathways. Allergen-specific CD4+ T cells showed strong upregulation of PD-1, LAG-3 and CTLA-4 upon stimulation, whereas BTLA was downregulated. Blockade of PD-1 strongly enhanced proliferation and cytokine production (IL-10; TH1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α; TH2 cytokines IL-5, IL-13) of allergen-specific CD4+ T cells derived from allergic as well as non-allergic individuals. BTLA blockade enhanced proliferation but not cytokine production in response to house dust mite extract. Blocking LAG-3 was ineffective and surprisingly, we observed reduced proliferation and cytokine production in presence of a CTLA-4 antibody. Our results point to a unique potency of PD-1 pathways to dampen allergen-specific human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rosskopf
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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107
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Onofrio LI, Zacca ER, Ferrero P, Acosta C, Mussano E, Onetti L, Cadile I, Gazzoni MV, Jurado R, Boari JT, Ramello MC, Montes CL, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodríguez EV. Inhibitory Receptor Expression on T Cells as a Marker of Disease Activity and Target to Regulate Effector Cellular Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1429-1439. [PMID: 29648684 PMCID: PMC6115289 DOI: 10.1002/art.40521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibitory receptors are essential for the regulation of effector immune responses and may play critical roles in autoimmune diseases. We evaluated whether inhibitory receptor expression on T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were correlated with immune activation, disease activity, and response to treatment, as well as whether inhibitory receptor-mediated pathways were functional. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we performed extensive phenotypic and functional evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the blood and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients ex vivo and after culture. The relationship of each parameter with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and response to treatment was examined. RESULTS In RA patients with low levels of T cell activation, inhibitory receptor expression showed an inverse relationship with the DAS28-ESR. The frequency of T cells expressing multiple inhibitory receptors was reduced in untreated RA patients but returned to normal levels in treated patients. RA patients who responded to treatment showed an augmented frequency of inhibitory receptor-expressing T cells that correlated with reduced inflammatory cytokine production in comparison to nonresponders. Higher frequencies of effector and memory T cells that expressed multiple inhibitory receptors were seen in SF than in peripheral blood. Notably, inhibitory pathways were operative in blood and synovial T cells from all RA patients, although cells from nonresponder patients were less sensitive to inhibition. CONCLUSION Inhibitory receptor expression on T cells from RA patients is inversely correlated with effector T cell function and disease activity and may predict response to treatment. Furthermore, different inhibitory pathways are functional and cooperatively suppress synovial T cells, providing a rationale for new treatment strategies to regulate acute local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisina I Onofrio
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefania R Zacca
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina Acosta
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Mussano
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Onetti
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Isaac Cadile
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Gazzoni
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl Jurado
- Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jimena Tosello Boari
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria C Ramello
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
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108
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De Sousa Linhares A, Leitner J, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Steinberger P. Not All Immune Checkpoints Are Created Equal. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1909. [PMID: 30233564 PMCID: PMC6127213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block T cell inhibition via the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1 have revolutionized cancer therapy during the last 15 years. T cells express additional inhibitory surface receptors that are considered to have potential as targets in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies against LAG-3 and TIM-3 are currently clinically tested to evaluate their effectiveness in patients suffering from advanced solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. In addition, blockade of the inhibitory BTLA receptors on human T cells may have potential to unleash T cells to effectively combat cancer cells. Much research on these immune checkpoints has focused on mouse models. The analysis of animals that lack individual inhibitory receptors has shed some light on the role of these molecules in regulating T cells, but also immune responses in general. There are current intensive efforts to gauge the efficacy of antibodies targeting these molecules called immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in different combinations in preclinical models of cancer. Differences between mouse and human immunology warrant studies on human immune cells to appreciate the potential of individual pathways in enhancing T cell responses. Results from clinical studies are not only highlighting the great benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating cancer but also yield precious information on their role in regulating T cells and other cells of the immune system. However, despite the clinical relevance of CTLA-4 and PD-1 and the high potential of the emerging immune checkpoints, there are still substantial gaps in our understanding of the biology of these molecules, which might prevent the full realization of their therapeutic potential. This review addresses PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA, LAG-3, and TIM-3, which are considered major inhibitory immune checkpoints expressed on T cells. It provides summaries of our current conception of the role of these molecules in regulating T cell responses, and discussions about major ambiguities and gaps in our knowledge. We emphasize that each of these molecules harbors unique properties that set it apart from the others. Their distinct functional profiles should be taken into account in therapeutic strategies that aim to exploit these pathways to enhance immune responses to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hartana CA, Ahlén Bergman E, Broomé A, Berglund S, Johansson M, Alamdari F, Jakubczyk T, Huge Y, Aljabery F, Palmqvist K, Holmström B, Glise H, Riklund K, Sherif A, Winqvist O. Tissue-resident memory T cells are epigenetically cytotoxic with signs of exhaustion in human urinary bladder cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:39-53. [PMID: 30009527 PMCID: PMC6156818 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells are CD8+ T lymphocytes that reside in the tissues, including tumours. This T cell subset possesses a magnitude of cytotoxicity, but its epigenetic regulation has not been studied. Here, we investigate the impact of perforin DNA methylation in TRM cells and correlate it with their functional potential. Fifty‐three urothelial urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients were recruited prospectively. The DNA methylation status of the perforin gene (PRF1) locus in TRM cells was investigated by pyrosequencing. Flow cytometry with ViSNE analysis and in‐vitro stimulation were used to evaluate TRM cell phenotypes. We discovered that tumour TRM cells have low DNA methylation in the PRF1 locus (32·9% methylation), which corresponds to increased numbers of perforin‐expressing TRM cells. Surprisingly, programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) expression is high in tumour TRM cells, suggesting exhaustion. Following interleukin‐15 and T cell receptor stimulation, perforin and T‐bet expressions are enhanced, indicating that TRM cells from tumours are not terminally exhausted. Moreover, a high number of TRM cells infiltrating the tumours corresponds to lower tumour stage in patients. In conclusion, TRM cells from UBC tumours are epigenetically cytotoxic with signs of exhaustion. This finding identifies TRM cells as potential new targets for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hartana
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Ahlén Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Broomé
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Berglund
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Johansson
- Department of Urology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - F Alamdari
- Department of Urology, Västmanland Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - T Jakubczyk
- Department of Urology, Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Y Huge
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - F Aljabery
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Palmqvist
- Department of Surgery, Östersund County Hospital, Urology section, Östersund, Sweden
| | - B Holmström
- Department of Urology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Glise
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - O Winqvist
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Stockholm, Sweden
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110
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Morris AB, Adams LE, Ford ML. Influence of T Cell Coinhibitory Molecules on CD8 + Recall Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1810. [PMID: 30135685 PMCID: PMC6092517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell co-signaling molecules play an important role in fine-tuning the strength of T cell activation during many types of immune responses, including infection, cancer, transplant rejection, and autoimmunity. Over the last few decades, intense research into these cosignaling molecules has provided rich evidence to suggest that cosignaling molecules may be harnessed for the treatment of immune-related diseases. In particular, coinhibitory molecules such as programmed-death 1, 2B4, BTLA, TIGIT, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 inhibit T cell responses by counteracting TCR and costimulatory signals, leading to the inhibition of proliferation and effector function and the downregulation of activation and adhesion molecules at the cell surface. While many reviews have focused on the role of coinhibitory molecules in modifying primary CD8+ T cell responses, in this review, we will consider the complex role of coinhibitory molecules in altering CD8+ T cell recall potential. As memory CD8+ T cell responses are critical for protective memory responses in infection and cancer and contribute to potentially pathogenic memory responses in transplant rejection and autoimmunity, understanding the role of coinhibitory receptor control of memory T cells may illuminate important aspects of therapeutically targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Morris
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Layne E Adams
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Reinforces Antitumour T cell Response in Urothelial Urinary Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol 2018; 74:688-692. [PMID: 30025882 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may promote antitumour immune responses by activating T cells. The tumour-draining sentinel node (SN) is a key site to study tumour-specific T cell activation, being the primary immunological barrier against the tumour. In this prospective study, we set out to elucidate the effects of NAC on T cell subsets in the SNs of patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer. We found that CD8+ effector T (Teff) cell exhaustion was reduced after NAC treatment, while cytotoxicity was increased. Additionally, in complete responders (CR patients), these cells were functionally committed effectors, as displayed by epigenetic analysis. In CD4+ Teffs, NAC treatment was associated with increased clonal expansion of tumour-specific SN-derived cells, as demonstrated by a specific cell reactivity assay. In contrast, we observed an attenuating effect of NAC on regulatory T cells (Tregs) with a dose-dependent decrease in Treg frequency and reduced effector molecule expression in the remaining Tregs. In addition, multicolour flow cytometry analysis revealed that CR patients had higher Teff to activated Treg ratio, promoting antitumoural T cell activation. These results suggest that NAC reinforces the antitumour immune response by activating the effector arm of the T cell compartment and diminishing the influence of suppressive Tregs. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this report, we analysed the effect of chemotherapy on immune cell subsets of 40 patients with advanced bladder cancer. We found that chemotherapy has a positive effect on immune effector T cells, whereas an opposite, diminishing effect was observed for immune-suppressive regulatory T cells. We conclude that chemotherapy reinforces the antitumour immune response in bladder cancer patients.
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112
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Liu Z, Poiret T, Meng Q, Rao M, von Landenberg A, Schoutrop E, Valentini D, Dodoo E, Peredo-Harvey I, Maeurer M. Epstein-Barr virus- and cytomegalovirus-specific immune response in patients with brain cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:182. [PMID: 29970101 PMCID: PMC6029420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with brain tumor or pancreatic cancer exhibit the poorest prognosis, while immune fitness and cellular immune exhaustion impacts their survival immensely. This work identifies differences in the immune reactivity to the common human pathogens cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) between patients with brain tumor in comparison to those with pancreatic cancer and healthy individuals. Methods We characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses of patients with brain tumor or pancreatic cancer to cytomegalovirus structural protein pp65 (CMV-pp65) as well as Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) by whole-blood assay and ELISA. Results Anti-CMV-pp65 plasma immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) titers were significantly lower in patients with brain tumor compared to healthy donors and patients with pancreatic cancer. Among the responding patients with GBM, those with a weak anti-CMV IgG response also had a decreased median overall survival (p = 0.017, 667 vs 419 days) while patients with brain tumor showed a generally suppressed anti-CMV immune-reactivity. Patients with brain tumor exhibited a significantly lower interferon gamma (IFNγ) response to EBNA-1 and CMV-pp65 compared to patients with pancreatic cancer or healthy donors. This antigen-specific response was further amplified in patients with brain tumor upon conditioning of whole blood with IL-2/IL-15/IL-21. Exclusively in this setting, among the responding patients with GBM, those exhibiting a EBV-specific cellular immune response above the median also displayed an increased median overall survival pattern compared to weak responders (753 vs 370 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions This report provides (i) a fast and easy assay using common viral antigens and cytokine stimulation to screen for immune fitness/exhaustion of patients with brain tumor in comparison to pancreatic cancer and healthy individuals and (ii) EBV/CMV-induced IFNγ production as a potential marker of survival in patients with brain tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1557-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Therapeutic Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, F79, LabMed, Hälsovägen, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Qingda Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna von Landenberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Markus Maeurer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Machado-Santos J, Saji E, Tröscher AR, Paunovic M, Liblau R, Gabriely G, Bien CG, Bauer J, Lassmann H. The compartmentalized inflammatory response in the multiple sclerosis brain is composed of tissue-resident CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells. Brain 2018; 141:2066-2082. [PMID: 29873694 PMCID: PMC6022681 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease in which active demyelination and neurodegeneration are associated with lymphocyte infiltrates in the brain. However, so far little is known regarding the phenotype and function of these infiltrating lymphocyte populations. In this study, we performed an in-depth phenotypic characterization of T and B cell infiltrates in a large set of multiple sclerosis cases with different disease and lesion stages and compared the findings with those seen in inflammatory, non-inflammatory and normal human controls. In multiple sclerosis lesions, we found a dominance of CD8+ T cells and a prominent contribution of CD20+ B cells in all disease courses and lesion stages, including acute multiple sclerosis cases with very short disease duration, while CD4+ T cells were sparse. A dominance of CD8+ T cells was also seen in other inflammatory controls, such as Rasmussen's encephalitis and viral encephalitis, but the contribution of B cells in these diseases was modest. Phenotypic analysis of the CD8+ T cells suggested that part of the infiltrating cells in active lesions proliferate, show an activated cytotoxic phenotype and are in part destroyed by apoptosis. Further characterization of the remaining cells suggest that CD8+ T cells acquire features of tissue-resident memory cells, which may be focally reactivated in active lesions of acute, relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis, while B cells, at least in part, gradually transform into plasma cells. The loss of surface molecules involved in the egress of leucocytes from inflamed tissue, such as S1P1 or CCR7, and the upregulation of CD103 expression may be responsible for the compartmentalization of the inflammatory response in established lesions. Similar phenotypic changes of tissue-infiltrating CD8+ T cells were also seen in Rasmussen's encephalitis. Our data underline the potential importance of CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells in the inflammatory response in established multiple sclerosis lesions. Tissue-resident T and B cells may represent guardians of previous inflammatory brain disease, which can be reactivated and sustain the inflammatory response, when they are re-exposed to their specific antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Machado-Santos
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Etsuji Saji
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Anna R Tröscher
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Paunovic
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM U1043 - CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Department of Neurology, Anne Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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114
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Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ijaz B, Ahmed N, Rahman ZU, Latif MS, Ali Q, Rana MA. Glycosylation of Recombinant Anticancer Therapeutics in Different Expression Systems with Emerging Technologies. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2787-2798. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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115
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Cao H, Zhang R, Zhang W. CTLA‑4 interferes with the HBV‑specific T cell immune response (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:703-712. [PMID: 29786112 PMCID: PMC6034931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatic inflammation. Successful HBV clearance in patients is associated with sustained viral control by effector T cells. Compared with acute hepatitis B, chronic HBV infection is associated with the depletion of T cells, resulting in weak or absent virus-specific T cells reactivity, which is described as 'exhaustion'. This exhaustion is characterized by impaired cytokine production and sustained expression of multiple coinhibitory molecules. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is one of many coinhibitory molecules that can attenuate T cell activation by inhibiting costimulation and transmitting inhibitory signals to T cells. Persistent HBV infection results in the upregulation of CTLA-4 on hepatic CD8+ T cells. This prompts CD8+ T cell apoptosis, and the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is blocked. Similar to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T helper (Th) cell proliferation is hindered following CTLA-4 upregulation. In addition, the differentiation of CD4+ Th is polarized toward the Th2/peripherally-inducible T regulatory cell types, increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the activation of proinflammatory cells (Th1 and follicular helper T) is blocked, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines decline. This review summarizes the current literature relevant to T cell exhaustion in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis, and discusses the roles of CTLA-4 in T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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116
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Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an escalating global problem accounting for more than 3 million deaths annually. Bacterial infections are diagnosed in 25-47% of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and represent the most important trigger for acute decompensation, multi-organ failure, septic shock and death. Current guidelines recommend intensive antibiotic therapy, but this has led to the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. As such, there is a pressing need to explore new paradigms for anti-infective therapy and host-directed immunomodulatory therapies are a promising approach. Paradoxically, cirrhotic patients are characterised by heightened immune activity and exacerbated inflammatory processes but are unable to contend with bacterial infection, demonstrating that whilst immune effector cells are primed, their antibacterial effector functions are switched-off, reflecting a skewed homeostatic balance between anti-pathogen immunity and host-induced immunopathology. Preservation of this equilibrium physiologically is maintained by multiple immune-regulatory checkpoints and these feedback receptors serve as pivotal regulators of the host immunity. Checkpoint receptor blockade is proving to be effective at rescuing deranged/exhausted immunity in pre-clinical studies for chronic viral infection and sepsis. This approach has also obtained FDA approval for restoring anti-tumor immunity, with improved response rates and good safety profiles. To date, no clinical studies have investigated checkpoint blockade in ALD, highlighting an area for development of host-targeted immunotherapeutic strategies in ALD, for which there are no current specific treatment options. This review aims at framing current knowledge on immune checkpoints and the possibility of their therapeutic utility in ALD-associated immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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117
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Zhou G, Noordam L, Sprengers D, Doukas M, Boor PPC, van Beek AA, Erkens R, Mancham S, Grünhagen D, Menon AG, Lange JF, Burger PJWA, Brandt A, Galjart B, Verhoef C, Kwekkeboom J, Bruno MJ. Blockade of LAG3 enhances responses of tumor-infiltrating T cells in mismatch repair-proficient liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1448332. [PMID: 29900067 PMCID: PMC5993483 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1448332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Liver metastasis develops in >50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and is a leading cause of CRC-related mortality. We aimed to identify which inhibitory immune checkpoint pathways can be targeted to enhance functionality of intra-tumoral T-cells in mismatch repair-proficient liver metastases of colorectal cancer (LM-CRC). Methodology: Intra-tumoral expression of multiple inhibitory molecules was compared among mismatch repair-proficient LM-CRC, peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer (PM-CRC) and primary CRC. Expression of inhibitory molecules was also analyzed on leukocytes isolated from paired resected metastatic liver tumors, tumor-free liver tissues, and blood of patients with mismatch repair-proficient LM-CRC. The effects of blocking inhibitory pathways on tumor-infiltrating T-cell responses were studied in ex vivo functional assays. Results: Mismatch repair-proficient LM-CRC showed higher expression of inhibitory receptors on intra-tumoral T-cells and contained higher proportions of CD8+ T-cells, dendritic cells and monocytes than mismatch repair-proficient primary CRC and/or PM-CRC. Inhibitory receptors LAG3, PD-1, TIM3 and CTLA4 were higher expressed on CD8+ T-cells, CD4+ T-helper and/or regulatory T-cells in LM-CRC tumors compared with tumor-free liver and blood. Antibody blockade of LAG3 or PD-L1 increased proliferation and effector cytokine production of intra-tumoral T-cells isolated from LM-CRC in response to both polyclonal and autologous tumor-specific stimulations. Higher LAG3 expression on intra-tumoral CD8+ T-cells associated with longer progression-free survival of LM-CRC patients. Conclusion: Mismatch repair-proficient LM-CRC may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors than mismatch repair-proficient primary CRC. Blocking LAG3 enhances tumor-infiltrating T-cell responses of mismatch repair-proficient LM-CRC, and therefore may be a new promising immunotherapeutic target for LM-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhou
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Noordam
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A van Beek
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Erkens
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Grünhagen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand G Menon
- Department of Surgery, Havenziekenhuis and IJsselland Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan F Lange
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim J W A Burger
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Brandt
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Galjart
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Therapeutic reinvigoration of tumor-specific T cells has greatly improved clinical outcome in cancer. Nevertheless, many patients still do not achieve durable benefit. Recent evidence from studies in murine and human cancer suggest that intratumoral T cells display a broad spectrum of (dys-)functional states, shaped by the multifaceted suppressive signals that occur within the tumor microenvironment. Here we discuss the current understanding of T cell dysfunction in cancer, the value of novel technologies to dissect such dysfunction at the single cell level, and how our emerging understanding of T cell dysfunction may be utilized to develop personalized strategies to restore antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rallón N, García M, García-Samaniego J, Cabello A, Álvarez B, Restrepo C, Nistal S, Górgolas M, Benito JM. Expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 markers of T-cell exhaustion is associated with CD4 dynamics during the course of untreated and treated HIV infection. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518102 PMCID: PMC5843247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction T-cell exhaustion has been involved in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. We have longitudinally analyzed PD1 and Tim3 surrogate markers of T-cells exhaustion, in parallel with other markers of HIV progression, and its potential association with CD4 changes in treated and untreated infection. Patients and methods 96 HIV patients, 49 of them followed in the absence of cART (cART-naïve group) and 47 after initiation of cART (cART group) were included and followed for a median of 43 [IQR: 31–60] months. PD1 and Tim3 expression, CD8 T-cells activation, recent thymic emigrants, activation/apoptosis and turnover of CD4 cells were assessed at baseline and during follow up. Univariate and multivariate associations with CD4 evolution were explored. Results Parameters significantly associated with CD4 depletion in cART-naïve group were: baseline level (p = 0.02) and variation (p = 0.002) of PD1 and Tim3 co-expression on CD8, and variation of CD95 expression on CD4 (p = 0.007). Parameters significantly associated with CD4 restoration in cART group were: baseline level of CD38+HLADR- subset of CD8 (p = 0.01), variation of PD1 expression on CD8 (p = 0.036), variation of Tim3 expression on CD4 (p = 0.039) and variation of CD95 expression on CD4 (p = 0.035). Conclusions Our results suggest that PD1 and Tim3 markers of exhaustion have a pivotal role in CD4 dynamics in HIV patients and its down-regulation would be a desirable effect of immunotherapies aimed to restore CD4 T-cell pool during progression of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rallón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcial García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Cabello
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Sara Nistal
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Miguel Górgolas
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Expansion of Gammadelta T Cells from Cord Blood: A Therapeutical Possibility. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8529104. [PMID: 29707004 PMCID: PMC5863314 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8529104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammadelta (γδ) T cells are found in both blood and tissues and have antiviral and antitumor properties. The frequency of γδ T cells in umbilical cord blood (UCB) is low, and the majority express δ1, in contrast to blood, whereas the main subset is δ2γ9 T cells. UCB γδ T cells are functionally immature, which together with their scarcity complicates the development of UCB γδ T cell therapies. We aimed to develop an effective expansion protocol for UCB γδ T cells based on zoledronate and IL-2. We found that culture with 5 μM zoledronate and 200 IU IL-2/ml medium for 14 days promoted extensive proliferation. The majority of the cultured cells were γ9δ2 T cells. The fold expansion of this, originally infrequent, subset was impressive (median and maximum fold change 253 and 1085, resp.). After culture, the cells had a polyclonal γδ T cell repertoire and the main memory subset was central memory (CD45RO+ CD27+). The cells produced cytokines such as IL-1B, IL-2, and IL-8 and displayed significant tumor-killing capacity. These results show that development of in vitro expanded UCB γδ T cell therapies is feasible. It could prove a valuable treatment modality for patients after umbilical cord blood transplantation.
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Hypomethylating agents in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2018; 32:1094-1105. [PMID: 29487386 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, as single-agent therapy, have shown modest clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). As has been successfully shown in other less immunogenic hematologic malignancies, rationally designed combination approaches may be more effective than single-agent checkpoint inhibitors, and may be the approach to pursue in AML/MDS. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as azacitidine, while enhancing anti-tumor immune response, concurrently dampen immune response by upregulating inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule expression. Immune checkpoint molecule upregulation may be an important mechanism of azacitidine resistance. These findings have resulted in multiple clinical trials combining HMAs with immune checkpoint blockade. Clinical trial data have shown encouraging response rates and durable responses without resorting to stem cell transplant. In this review, we discuss preclinical data supporting the use of these agents in combination, and focus on clinical and correlative data emerging from numerous clinical trials investigating HMA-immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations in AML/MDS.
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Wang P, Huang B, Gao Y, Yang J, Liang Z, Zhang N, Fu X, Li L. CD103 +CD8 + T lymphocytes in non-small cell lung cancer are phenotypically and functionally primed to respond to PD-1 blockade. Cell Immunol 2018; 325:48-55. [PMID: 29448979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD103+CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been linked to prolonged survival in various types of cancer including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the factors associated with the retention of CD103+CD8+ TILs in lung cancer tissues remain largely unknown. Additionally, the contribution of CD103+CD8+ TILs to effective PD-1 based immunotherapy has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified that the expression levels of E-cadherin and TGF-β were significantly correlated with the distribution and the density of CD103+ TILs in lung cancer tumor tissues. Unexpectedly, we observed that CD103+CD8+ TILs that expressed higher levels of PD-1 co-express Ki-67. Moreover, CD103+CD8+ TILs expressed an increased level of T-bet compared to their counterparts, indicating these cells may be better armed for immunotherapy. Lastly, PD-1 pathway blockade led to a significantly increased production of IFN-γ by CD103+CD8+ TILs, suggesting CD103+CD8+ TILs could serve as a predictive biomarker for PD-1 based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jianjian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tong Ji Hospital, Tong Ji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Hwang YS, Shin JH, Yang JP, Jung BK, Lee SH, Shin EH. Characteristics of Infection Immunity Regulated by Toxoplasma gondii to Maintain Chronic Infection in the Brain. Front Immunol 2018; 9:158. [PMID: 29459868 PMCID: PMC5807351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the immune environment of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in the brain, the characteristics of infection-immunity (premunition) in infection with T. gondii strain ME49 were investigated for 12 weeks postinfection (PI). The results showed that neuronal cell death, microglia infiltration and activation, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, Stat1 phosphorylation, and microglia activation and inflammatory gene transcripts related to M1 polarization in the brain were increased during the acute infection (AI) stage (within 6 weeks PI), suggesting that innate and cellular inflammatory response activation and neurodegeneration contributed to excessive inflammatory responses. However, these immune responses decreased during the chronic infection (CI) stage (over 6 weeks PI) with reductions in phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) and eosinophilic neurons. Notably, increases were observed in transcripts of T-cell exhaustion markers (TIM3, LAG3, KLRG1, etc.), suppressor of cytokines signaling 1 protein (SOCS1), inhibitory checkpoint molecules (PD-1 and PD-L1), and Arg1 from the AI stage (3 weeks PI), implying active immune intervention under the immune environment of M1 polarization of microglia and increases in inflammatory cytokine levels. However, when BV-2 microglia were stimulated with T. gondii lysate antigens (strain RH or ME49) in vitro, nitrite production increased and urea production decreased. Furthermore, when BV-2 cells were infected by T. gondii tachyzoites (strain RH or ME49) in vitro, nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 levels decreased, whereas Arg1 levels significantly increased. Moreover, Arg1 expression was higher in ME49 infection than in RH infection, whereas nitrite production was lower in ME49 infection than in RH infection. Accordingly, these results strongly suggest that immune triggering of T. gondii antigens induces M1 polarization and activation of microglia as well as increase NO production, whereas T. gondii infection induces the inhibition of harmful inflammatory responses, even with M1 polarization and activation of microglia and Th1 inflammatory responses, suggesting a host–parasite relationship through immune regulation during CI. This is a characteristic of infection immunity in infection with T. gondii in the central nervous system, and SOCS1, a negative regulator of toxoplasmic encephalitis, may play a role in the increase in Arg1 levels to suppress NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sang Hwang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Shin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Pyo Yang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Shin
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Quan L, Lan X, Meng Y, Guo X, Guo Y, Zhao L, Chen X, Liu A. BTLA marks a less cytotoxic T-cell subset in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with high expression of checkpoints. Exp Hematol 2018; 60:47-56.e1. [PMID: 29353075 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy results in lymphoma have been encouraging. Preclinical and clinical trials have proven checkpoint blockade, such as PD-1 antibody, as an effective treatment for lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Combination of checkpoint blockades has emerged as a new way to treat lymphoma; however, the status of checkpoint expression and their function in DLBCL have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we examined the expression of BTLA, PD-1, TIM-3, LIGHT, and LAG-3 in tumor microenvironmental T cells of DLBCL using flow cytometry and compared the cytotoxicity and differentiation status of BTLA+ and BTLA- T-cells. We further characterized the relationship of STAT3 phosphorylation (p-STAT3) with BTLA expression. Our results suggest that BTLA+ T cells highly express other checkpoint molecules, including PD-1, TIM-3, LIGHT, and LAG-3. Moreover, high expression of BTLA is correlated with advanced stage of DLBCL. BTLA+ T cells have a less-differentiated phenotype, lower cytolytic function, and higher potential to proliferate compared with BTLA- T cells. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence that increased BTLA predicts poor prognosis in patients with DLBCL, and blockade of BTLA with other checkpoints may potentially represent a new strategy for immunotherapy of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Quan
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiuwen Lan
- Gastroenterological Department, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Gynaecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiuchen Guo
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yiwei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Aichun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Cao J, Perez-Pinera P, Lowenhaupt K, Wu MR, Purcell O, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Lu TK. Versatile and on-demand biologics co-production in yeast. Nat Commun 2018; 9:77. [PMID: 29311542 PMCID: PMC5758815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Current limitations to on-demand drug manufacturing can be addressed by technologies that streamline manufacturing processes. Combining the production of two or more drugs into a single batch could not only be useful for research, clinical studies, and urgent therapies but also effective when combination therapies are needed or where resources are scarce. Here we propose strategies to concurrently produce multiple biologics from yeast in single batches by multiplexing strain development, cell culture, separation, and purification. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for three biologics co-production strategies: (i) inducible expression of multiple biologics and control over the ratio between biologic drugs produced together; (ii) consolidated bioprocessing; and (iii) co-expression and co-purification of a mixture of two monoclonal antibodies. We then use these basic strategies to produce drug mixtures as well as to separate drugs. These strategies offer a diverse array of options for on-demand, flexible, low-cost, and decentralized biomanufacturing applications without the need for specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicong Cao
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pablo Perez-Pinera
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ky Lowenhaupt
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ming-Ru Wu
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Oliver Purcell
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Biological Engineering and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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127
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Lu FC, Nong GM. [Role of programmed death-1 in viral infectious diseases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:77-82. [PMID: 29335088 PMCID: PMC7390312 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The research on the immunoregulatory effect of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in infectious diseases mainly focuses on chronic viral infection, but there are few studies on acute viral infection. In chronic viral infection, PD-1 is highly expressed on the surface of CD8+ T cells, which is a sign of CD8+ T cell depletion. Recent studies have shown that in chronic viral infection, PD-1 is also highly expressed on the surface of regulatory T cells and binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of exhausted CD8+ T cells, resulting in a stronger inhibitory effect on CD8+ T cell immunity. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway between exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells can significantly reverse the depletion of CD8+ T cells and greatly improve the antiviral effect of CD8+ T cells. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in acute viral infection remains unknown. This article summarizes the latest research on PD-1 in infectious diseases and discusses its role in acute and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ce Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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128
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Zhang L, Wang J, Wei F, Wang K, Sun Q, Yang F, Jin H, Zheng Y, Zhao H, Wang L, Yu W, Zhang X, An Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Ren X. Profiling the dynamic expression of checkpoint molecules on cytokine-induced killer cells from non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43604-43615. [PMID: 27283895 PMCID: PMC5190047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints associate with dysfunctional T cells, which have a reduced ability to clear pathogens or cancer cells. T-cell checkpoint blockade may improve patient survival. However, checkpoint molecules on cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell, a non-specific adoptive immunotherapy, remain unknown. In present study, we detected the dynamic expression of eight major checkpoint molecules (CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3, CEACAM-1, LAG-3, TIGIT and BTLA) on CIK cells from NSCLC patients. The majority of these molecules, except BTLA, were sharply elevated during the early stage of CIK cell culture. Thereafter, PD-1 and TIGIT expressions decreased gradually towards the initial level (day 0). Moreover, CTLA-4 faded away during the later stage of CIK culture. LAG-3 expression decreased but was still significantly higher than the initial level. Of note, PD-L1 remained stably upregulated during CIK culture compared with PD-1, indicating that PD-L1 might act as an inhibitory molecule on CIK cells instead of PD-1. Furthermore, TIM-3 and CEACAM1 were strongly expressed simultaneously during long-term CIK culture and showed a significant and mutually positive correlation. BTLA displayed a distinct pattern, and its expression gradually decreased throughout the CIK culture. These observations suggested that CIK cells might be partly exhausted before clinical transfusion, characterized by the high expression of PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CEACAM-1 and the low expression of TIGIT, BTLA, PD-1, and CTLA-4 compared with initial culture. Our results imply that implementing combined treatment on CIK cells before transfusion via antibodies targeting PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CEACAM-1 might improve the efficiency of CIK therapy for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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Hutten TJA, Norde WJ, Woestenenk R, Wang RC, Maas F, Kester M, Falkenburg JHF, Berglund S, Luznik L, Jansen JH, Schaap N, Dolstra H, Hobo W. Increased Coexpression of PD-1, TIGIT, and KLRG-1 on Tumor-Reactive CD8 + T Cells During Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:666-677. [PMID: 29197680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) can be a curative treatment for patients with a hematologic malignancy due to alloreactive T cell responses recognizing minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA). Yet tumor immune escape mechanisms can cause failure of T cell immunity, leading to relapse. Tumor cells display low expression of costimulatory molecules and can up-regulate coinhibitory molecules that inhibit T cell functionality on ligation with their counter-receptors on the tumor-reactive T cells. The aim of this explorative study was to evaluate immune checkpoint expression profiles on T cell subsets and on cytomegalovirus (CMV)- and/or MiHA-reactive CD8+ T cells of allo-SCT recipients using a 13-color flow cytometry panel, and to correlate these expression patterns to clinical outcomes. MiHA-reactive CD8+ T cells exhibited an early differentiated CD27++/CD28++ phenotype with low KLRG-1 and CD57 expression. These T cells also displayed increased expression of PD-1, TIM-3, and TIGIT compared with total effector memory T cells and CMV-specific CD8+ T cells in healthy donors and allo-SCT recipients. Remarkably, high coexpression of PD-1, TIGIT, and KLRG-1 on MiHA-reactive CD8+ T cells was associated with relapse after allo-SCT. Taken together, these findings indicate that MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells of relapsed patients have a distinctive coinhibitory expression signature compared with patients who stay in remission. This phenotype may serve as a potential monitoring tool in patients. Moreover, these findings suggest that PD-1 and TIGIT play important roles in regulating T cell-mediated tumor control, providing a rationale for immunotherapy with blocking antibodies to treat relapse after allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J A Hutten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wieger J Norde
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Woestenenk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruo Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Maas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sofia Berglund
- Department of Oncology and Hematologic Malignancies, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology and Hematologic Malignancies, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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130
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Sakellariou-Thompson D, Forget MA, Creasy C, Bernard V, Zhao L, Kim YU, Hurd MW, Uraoka N, Parra ER, Kang Y, Bristow CA, Rodriguez-Canales J, Fleming JB, Varadhachary G, Javle M, Overman MJ, Alvarez HA, Heffernan TP, Zhang J, Hwu P, Maitra A, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C. 4-1BB Agonist Focuses CD8 + Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cell Growth into a Distinct Repertoire Capable of Tumor Recognition in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7263-7275. [PMID: 28947567 PMCID: PMC6097625 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is extremely poor and improved therapies are urgently needed. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown great promise in other tumor types, such as metastatic melanoma where overall response rates of 50% have been seen. Given this success and the evidence showing that T-cell presence positively correlates with overall survival in PDAC, we sought to enrich for CD8+ TILs capable of autologous tumor recognition. In addition, we explored the phenotype and T-cell receptor repertoire of the CD8+ TILs in the tumor microenvironment.Experimental Design: We used an agonistic 4-1BB mAb during the initial tumor fragment culture to provide 4-1BB costimulation and assessed changes in TIL growth, phenotype, repertoire, and antitumor function.Results: Increased CD8+ TIL growth from PDAC tumors was achieved with the aid of an agonistic 4-1BB mAb. Expanded TILs were characterized by an activated but not terminally differentiated phenotype. Moreover, 4-1BB stimulation expanded a more clonal and distinct CD8+ TIL repertoire than IL2 alone. TILs from both culture conditions displayed MHC class I-restricted recognition of autologous tumor targets.Conclusions: Costimulation with an anti-4-1BB mAb increases the feasibility of TIL therapy by producing greater numbers of these tumor-reactive T cells. These results suggest that TIL ACT for PDAC is a potential treatment avenue worth further investigation for a patient population in dire need of improved therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7263-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caitlin Creasy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Young Uk Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark W Hurd
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naohiro Uraoka
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gauri Varadhachary
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hector A Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Sabins NC, Chornoguz O, Leander K, Kaplan F, Carter R, Kinder M, Bachman K, Verona R, Shen S, Bhargava V, Santulli-Marotto S. TIM-3 Engagement Promotes Effector Memory T Cell Differentiation of Human Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells by Activating mTORC1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4091-4102. [PMID: 29127145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
T cell expression of TIM-3 following Ag encounter has been associated with a continuum of functional states ranging from effector memory T cells to exhaustion. We have designed an in vitro culture system to specifically address the impact of anti-TIM-3/TIM-3 engagement on human Ag-specific CD8 T cells during a normal response to Ag and found that anti-TIM-3 treatment enhances T cell function. In our in vitro T cell culture system, MART1-specific CD8 T cells were expanded from healthy donors using artificial APCs. To ensure that the T cells were the only source of TIM-3, cells were rechallenged with peptide-loaded artificial APCs in the presence of anti-TIM-3 Ab. In these conditions, anti-TIM-3 treatment promotes generation of effector T cells as shown by acquisition of an activated phenotype, increased cytokine production, enhanced proliferation, and a transcription program associated with T cell differentiation. Activation of mTORC1 has been previously demonstrated to enhance CD8 T cell effector function and differentiation. Anti-TIM-3 drives CD8 T cell differentiation through activation of the mTORC1 as evidenced by increased levels of phosphorylated S6 protein and rhebl1 transcript. Altogether these findings suggest that anti-TIM-3, together with Ag, drives differentiation in favor of effector T cells via the activation of mTOR pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that TIM-3 engagement during Ag stimulation directly influences T cell differentiation through mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Chi Sabins
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Olesya Chornoguz
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Karen Leander
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Fred Kaplan
- Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Richard Carter
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Michelle Kinder
- Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Kurtis Bachman
- Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Raluca Verona
- Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Shixue Shen
- Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477
| | - Vipul Bhargava
- Computational and Systems Biology, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477; and
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132
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Zhou G, Sprengers D, Boor PPC, Doukas M, Schutz H, Mancham S, Pedroza-Gonzalez A, Polak WG, de Jonge J, Gaspersz M, Dong H, Thielemans K, Pan Q, IJzermans JNM, Bruno MJ, Kwekkeboom J. Antibodies Against Immune Checkpoint Molecules Restore Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Gastroenterology 2017. [PMID: 28648905 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ligand binding to inhibitory receptors on immune cells, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4), down-regulates the T-cell-mediated immune response (called immune checkpoints). Antibodies that block these receptors increase antitumor immunity in patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell cancer. Tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been found to be functionally compromised. We analyzed HCC samples from patients to determine if these inhibitory pathways prevent T-cell responses in HCCs and to find ways to restore their antitumor functions. METHODS We collected HCC samples from 59 patients who underwent surgical resection from November 2013 through May 2017, along with tumor-free liver tissues (control tissues) and peripheral blood samples. We isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and intra-hepatic lymphocytes. We used flow cytometry to quantify expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (TIM3), lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and CTLA4 on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from tumor, control tissue, and blood; we studied the effects of antibodies that block these pathways in T-cell activation assays. RESULTS Expression of PD-1, TIM3, LAG3, and CTLA4 was significantly higher on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells isolated from HCC tissue than control tissue or blood. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells in HCC tumors expressed ligands for these receptors. Expression of PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 was higher on tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8+ TIL, compared with other CD8+ TIL. Compared with TIL that did not express these inhibitory receptors, CD8+ and CD4+ TIL that did express these receptors had higher levels of markers of activation, but similar or decreased levels of granzyme B and effector cytokines. Antibodies against CD274 (PD-ligand1 [PD-L1]), TIM3, or LAG3 increased proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ TIL and cytokine production in response to stimulation with polyclonal antigens or TAA. Importantly, combining antibody against PD-L1 with antibodies against TIM3, LAG3, or CTLA4 further increased TIL functions. CONCLUSIONS The immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 are up-regulated on TAA-specific T cells isolated from human HCC tissues, compared with T cells from tumor-free liver tissues or blood. Antibodies against PD-L1, TIM3, or LAG3 restore responses of HCC-derived T cells to tumor antigens, and combinations of the antibodies have additive effects. Strategies to block PD-L1, TIM3, and LAG3 might be developed for treatment of primary liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/immunology
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Up-Regulation
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Schutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcia Gaspersz
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Urology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, and eTheRNA immunotherapies NV, Niel, Belgium
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Okoye IS, Houghton M, Tyrrell L, Barakat K, Elahi S. Coinhibitory Receptor Expression and Immune Checkpoint Blockade: Maintaining a Balance in CD8 + T Cell Responses to Chronic Viral Infections and Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1215. [PMID: 29033936 PMCID: PMC5626929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer and chronic viral infections, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen stimulation. This results in expression of multiple inhibitory receptors also called “immune checkpoints” by T cells. Although these inhibitory receptors under normal conditions maintain self-tolerance and prevent immunopathology, their sustained expression deteriorates T cell function: a phenomenon called exhaustion. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy involve blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed cell death 1 in order to reverse T cell exhaustion and reinvigorate immunity, which has translated to dramatic clinical remission in many cases of metastatic melanoma and lung cancer. With the paucity of therapeutic vaccines against chronic infections such as HIV, HPV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, such adjunct checkpoint blockade strategies are required including the blockade of other inhibitory receptors such as T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains, T cell Ig and mucin-domain containing-3, lymphocyte activation gene 3, and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation. The nature of different chronic viral infections and cancers is likely to influence the level, composition, and pattern of inhibitory receptors expressed by responding T cells. This will have implications for checkpoint antibody blockade strategies employed for treating tumors and chronic viral infections. Here, we review recent advances that provide a clearer insight into the role of coinhibitory receptor expression in T cell exhaustion and reveal novel antibody-blockade therapeutic targets for chronic viral infections and cancer. Understanding the mechanism of T cell exhaustion in response to chronic virus infections and cancer as well as the nature of restored T cell responses will contribute to further improvement of immune checkpoint blockade strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Okoye
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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134
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Okoye I, Namdar A, Xu L, Crux N, Elahi S. Atorvastatin downregulates co-inhibitory receptor expression by targeting Ras-activated mTOR signalling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98215-98232. [PMID: 29228684 PMCID: PMC5716724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell function in the steady state is mediated by co-inhibitory receptors or immune checkpoints such as PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3. Persistent antigen stimulation, during chronic viral infections and cancer, results in sustained expression of multiple co-inhibitory receptors and subsequently poor effector T cell function. Immune checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies against PD-1, PDL-1 and CTLA-4 has been implemented as an immunotherapy strategy- resulting in restoration of T cell function and reduction of viral load or tumour growth. Immunomodulatory roles of commonly used cholesterol-lowering medications, atorvastatin and other statins, are widely documented. We have previously shown that atorvastatin can inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication. Here, for the very first time we discovered that atorvastatin also regulates activated T cell function by mediating downregulation of multiple co-inhibitory receptors, which corresponded with increased IL-2 production by stimulated T cells. In addition, we found that atorvastatin treatment reduces expression of mTOR and downstream T cell effector genes. We demonstrate a novel mechanism showing that atorvastatin inhibition of Ras-activated MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways, and subsequent mTOR signalling promotes gross downregulation of co-inhibitory receptors. Thus, our results suggest that statins may hold particular promise in reinvigorating T cell function in chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Okoye
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Lai Xu
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Nicole Crux
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1 Canada
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Kansy BA, Concha-Benavente F, Srivastava RM, Jie HB, Shayan G, Lei Y, Moskovitz J, Moy J, Li J, Brandau S, Lang S, Schmitt NC, Freeman GJ, Gooding WE, Clump DA, Ferris RL. PD-1 Status in CD8 + T Cells Associates with Survival and Anti-PD-1 Therapeutic Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6353-6364. [PMID: 28904066 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of expression of immune checkpoint receptors (ICR) on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may facilitate more effective immunotherapy in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. A higher frequency of PD-1+ TIL has been reported in human papillomavirus (HPV)+ HNC patients, despite the role of PD-1 in T-cell exhaustion. This discordance led us to hypothesize that the extent of PD-1 expression more accurately defines T-cell function and prognostic impact, because PD-1high T cells may be more exhausted than PD-1low T cells and may influence clinical outcome and response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this study, PD-1 expression was indeed upregulated on HNC patient TIL, and the frequency of these PD-1+ TIL was higher in HPV+ patients (P = 0.006), who nonetheless experienced significantly better clinical outcome. However, PD-1high CD8+ TILs were more frequent in HPV- patients and represented a more dysfunctional subset with compromised IFN-γ secretion. Moreover, HNC patients with higher frequencies of PD-1high CD8+ TIL showed significantly worse disease-free survival and higher hazard ratio for recurrence (P < 0.001), while higher fractions of PD-1low T cells associated with HPV positivity and better outcome. In a murine HPV+ HNC model, anti-PD-1 mAb therapy differentially modulated PD-1high/low populations, and tumor rejection associated with loss of dysfunctional PD-1high CD8+ T cells and a significant increase in PD-1low TIL. Thus, the extent of PD-1 expression on CD8+ TIL provides a potential biomarker for anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6353-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kansy
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hyun-Bae Jie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yu Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jessica Moskovitz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Moy
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, and National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William E Gooding
- Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Clump
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Anvari S, Grimbergen A, Davis CM, Makedonas G. Protein transport inhibitors downregulate the expression of LAG-3 on regulatory T cells. J Immunol Methods 2017; 447:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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137
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Ritthipichai K, Haymaker CL, Martinez M, Aschenbrenner A, Yi X, Zhang M, Kale C, Vence LM, Roszik J, Hailemichael Y, Overwijk WW, Varadarajan N, Nurieva R, Radvanyi LG, Hwu P, Bernatchez C. Multifaceted Role of BTLA in the Control of CD8 + T-cell Fate after Antigen Encounter. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6151-6164. [PMID: 28754817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Adoptive T-cell therapy using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown an overall clinical response rate 40%-50% in metastatic melanoma patients. BTLA (B-and-T lymphocyte associated) expression on transferred CD8+ TILs was associated with better clinical outcome. The suppressive function of the ITIM and ITSM motifs of BTLA is well described. Here, we sought to determine the functional characteristics of the CD8+BTLA+TIL subset and define the contribution of the Grb2 motif of BTLA in T-cell costimulation.Experimental Design: We determined the functional role and downstream signal of BTLA in both human CD8+ TILs and mouse CD8+ T cells. Functional assays were used including single-cell analysis, reverse-phase protein array (RPPA), antigen-specific vaccination models with adoptively transferred TCR-transgenic T cells as well as patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model using immunodeficient NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) tumor-bearing mice treated with autologous TILs.Results: CD8+BTLA- TILs could not control tumor growth in vivo as well as their BTLA+ counterpart and antigen-specific CD8+BTLA- T cells had impaired recall response to a vaccine. However, CD8+BTLA+ TILs displayed improved survival following the killing of a tumor target and heightened "serial killing" capacity. Using mutants of BTLA signaling motifs, we uncovered a costimulatory function mediated by Grb2 through enhancing the secretion of IL-2 and the activation of Src after TCR stimulation.Conclusions: Our data portrays BTLA as a molecule with the singular ability to provide both costimulatory and coinhibitory signals to activated CD8+ T cells, resulting in extended survival, improved tumor control, and the development of a functional recall response. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6151-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Ritthipichai
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melisa Martinez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Aschenbrenner
- Graduate Program in Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- Immunology Platform, Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Charuta Kale
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis M Vence
- Immunology Platform, Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yared Hailemichael
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Texas
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Graduate Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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138
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Allard M, Couturaud B, Carretero-Iglesia L, Duong MN, Schmidt J, Monnot GC, Romero P, Speiser DE, Hebeisen M, Rufer N. TCR-ligand dissociation rate is a robust and stable biomarker of CD8+ T cell potency. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92570. [PMID: 28724801 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite influencing many aspects of T cell biology, the kinetics of T cell receptor (TCR) binding to peptide-major histocompatibility molecules (pMHC) remain infrequently determined in patient monitoring or for adoptive T cell therapy. Using specifically designed reversible fluorescent pMHC multimeric complexes, we performed a comprehensive study of TCR-pMHC off-rates combined with various functional assays on large libraries of self/tumor- and virus-specific CD8+ T cell clones from melanoma patients and healthy donors. We demonstrate that monomeric TCR-pMHC dissociation rates accurately predict the extent of cytotoxicity, cytokine production, polyfunctionality, cell proliferation, activating/inhibitory receptor expression, and in vivo antitumor potency of naturally occurring antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Our data also confirm the superior binding avidities of virus-specific T cells as compared with self/tumor-specific T cell clonotypes (n > 300). Importantly, the TCR-pMHC off-rate is a more stable and robust biomarker of CD8+ T cell potency than the frequently used functional assays/metrics that depend on the T cell's activation state, and therefore show major intra- and interexperimental variability. Taken together, our data show that the monomeric TCR-pMHC off-rate is highly useful for the ex vivo high-throughput functional assessment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and a strong candidate as a biomarker of T cell therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Allard
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Couturaud
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laura Carretero-Iglesia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Minh Ngoc Duong
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hebeisen
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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139
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Kumar R, Yu F, Zhen YH, Li B, Wang J, Yang Y, Ge HX, Hu PS, Xiu J. PD-1 blockade restores impaired function of ex vivo expanded CD8 + T cells and enhances apoptosis in mismatch repair deficient EpCAM +PD-L1 + cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3453-3465. [PMID: 28761354 PMCID: PMC5516878 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive T cell therapy has been proven to be a promising modality for the treatment of cancer patients in recent years. However, the increased expression of inhibitory receptors could negatively regulate the function and persistence of transferred T cells which mediates T cell anergy, exhaustion, and tumor regression. In this study, we investigated increased cytotoxic activity after the blockade of PD-1 for effective immunotherapy. METHODS The cytotoxic function of expanded CD8+ CTLs and interactions with tumor cells investigated after blocking of PD-1. Ex vivo expanded CD8+ CTLs were co-cultured with mismatch repair (MMR) stable or deficient (high microsatellite instability [MSI-H]) EpCAM+ tumor cells. The levels of IFN-γ and GrB were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to assess CD107a mobilization, cytosolic uptake, and cell migration. RESULTS A dramatic increase in PD-1 expression on the surface of CD8+ CTLs during ex vivo expansion was observed. PD-1 level was downregulated by approximately 40% after incubation of the CD8+ CTLs with monoclonal antibody which enhanced the secretion of IFN-γ, GrB, and CD107a. Additionally, PD-1 blockade enhanced cell migration and cytosolic exchange between CD8+ CTLs and MMR deficient (MSI-H) EpCAM+PD-L1+ tumor cells. CONCLUSION The blockade of PD-1 enhanced the cytotoxic efficacy of CD8+ CTLs toward MMR deficient tumor cells. In conclusion, we propose that blocking of PD-1 during the expansion of CD8+ CTLs may improve the clinical efficacy of cell-based adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yu
- Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Huan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xin Ge
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Sheng Hu
- Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiu
- Clinical Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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140
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Hosokawa K, Kajigaya S, Keyvanfar K, Qiao W, Xie Y, Townsley DM, Feng X, Young NS. T Cell Transcriptomes from Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Patients Reveal Novel Signaling Pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28630090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired disorder originating from hematopoietic stem cells and is a life-threating disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, bone marrow (BM) failure, and venous thrombosis. The etiology of PNH is a somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (PIG-A) on the X chromosome, which blocks synthesis of the glycolipid moiety and causes deficiency in GPI-anchored proteins. PNH is closely related to aplastic anemia, in which T cells mediate destruction of BM. To identify aberrant molecular mechanisms involved in immune targeting of hematopoietic stem cells in BM, we applied RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of T cell subsets (CD4+ naive, CD4+ memory, CD8+ naive, and CD8+ memory) from PNH patients and healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed gene analysis in four different T cell subsets from PNH and healthy control subjects showed distinct transcriptional profiles, depending on the T cell subsets. By pathway analysis, we identified novel signaling pathways in T cell subsets from PNH, including increased gene expression involved in TNFR, IGF1, NOTCH, AP-1, and ATF2 pathways. Dysregulation of several candidate genes (JUN, TNFAIP3, TOB1, GIMAP4, GIMAP6, TRMT112, NR4A2, CD69, and TNFSF8) was validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. We have demonstrated molecular signatures associated with positive and negative regulators in T cells, suggesting novel pathophysiologic mechanisms in PNH. These pathways may be targets for new strategies to modulate T cell immune responses in BM failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Wangmin Qiao
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Neal S Young
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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141
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Stecher C, Battin C, Leitner J, Zettl M, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Höller C, Zlabinger GJ, Steinberger P. PD-1 Blockade Promotes Emerging Checkpoint Inhibitors in Enhancing T Cell Responses to Allogeneic Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:572. [PMID: 28588576 PMCID: PMC5439058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target coinhibitory T cell molecules to promote anticancer immune responses, are on the rise to become a new pillar of cancer therapy. However, current immune checkpoint-based therapies are successful only in a subset of patients and acquired resistances pose additional challenges. Finding new targets and combining checkpoint inhibitors might help to overcome these limitations. In this study, human T cells stimulated with allogeneic dendritic cells (DCs) were used to compare immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIM-3, BTLA, LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT alone or in combination with a PD-1 antibody. We found that PD-1 blockade bears a unique potency to enhance T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Other checkpoint inhibitors failed to significantly augment T cell responses when used alone. However, antibodies to TIM-3, BTLA, LAG-3, and CTLA-4 enhanced T cell proliferation in presence of a PD-1 antibody. Upregulation of coinhibitory T cell receptors upon PD-1 blockade was identified as a potential mechanism for synergistic effects between checkpoint inhibitors. Donor-specific variation in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors was attributed to the T cells rather than DCs. Additionally, we analyzed the regulation of checkpoint molecules and their ligands on T cells and allogeneic DCs in coculture, which suggested a PD-1 blockade-dependent crosstalk between T cells and APC. Our results indicate that several immune checkpoint inhibitors have the capacity to enhance T cell responses when combined with PD-1 blockade. Additional in vitro studies on human T cells will be useful to identify antibody combinations with the potential to augment T cell responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Stecher
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Battin
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zettl
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & CoKG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Höller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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142
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Patsoukis N, Weaver JD, Strauss L, Herbel C, Seth P, Boussiotis VA. Immunometabolic Regulations Mediated by Coinhibitory Receptors and Their Impact on T Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28443090 PMCID: PMC5387055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immunity provides wide spectrum protection that serves to eradicate pathogens and cancer cells, while maintaining self-tolerance and immunological homeostasis. Ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigen activates signaling pathways that coordinately induce aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, anabolic metabolism, and T effector cell differentiation. Activation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR triggers the switch to anabolic metabolism by inducing transcription factors such as Myc and HIF1, and the glucose transporter Glut1, which is pivotal for the increase of glucose uptake after T cell activation. Activation of MAPK signaling is required for glucose and glutamine utilization, whereas activation of AMPK is critical for energy balance and metabolic fitness of T effector and memory cells. Coinhibitory receptors target TCR-proximal signaling and generation of second messengers. Imbalanced activation of such signaling pathways leads to diminished rates of aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial function resulting in defective anabolic metabolism and altered T cell differentiation. The coinhibitory receptors mediate distinct and synergistic effects on the activation of signaling pathways thereby modifying metabolic programs of activated T cells and resulting in altered immune functions. Understanding and therapeutic targeting of metabolic programs impacted by coinhibitory receptors might have significant clinical implications for the treatment of chronic infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Herbel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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143
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Rallón N, García M, García-Samaniego J, Rodríguez N, Cabello A, Restrepo C, Álvarez B, García R, Górgolas M, Benito JM. HCV coinfection contributes to HIV pathogenesis by increasing immune exhaustion in CD8 T-cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173943. [PMID: 28323897 PMCID: PMC5360268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are several contributors to HIV-pathogenesis or insufficient control of the infection. However, whether HIV/HCV-coinfected population exhibits worst evolution of HIV-pathogenesis remains unclear. Recently, some markers of immune exhaustion have been proposed as preferentially upregulated on T-cells during HIV-infection. Herein, we have analyzed T-cell exhaustion together with several other contributors to HIV-pathogenesis that could be affected by HCV-coinfection. Patients and methods Ninety-six patients with chronic HIV-infection (60 HIV-monoinfected and 36 HIV/HCV-coinfected), and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. All patients were untreated for both infections. Several CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets involved in HIV-pathogenesis were investigated. Non-parametric tests were used to establish differences between groups and associations between variables. Multivariate linear regression was used to ascertain the variables independently associated with CD4 counts. Results HIV-patients presented significant differences compared to healthy controls in most of the parameters analyzed. Both HIV and HIV/HCV groups were comparable in terms of age, CD4 counts and HIV-viremia. Compared to HIV group, HIV/HCV group presented significantly higher levels of exhaustion (Tim3+PD1- subset) in total CD8+ T-cells (p = 0.003), and higher levels of exhaustion in CD8+HLADR+CD38+ (p = 0.04), CD8+HLADR-CD38+ (p = 0.009) and CD8+HLADR-CD38- (p = 0.006) subsets of CD8+ T-cells. Interestingly these differences were maintained after adjusting by CD4 counts and HIV-viremia. Conclusions We show a significant impact of HCV-coinfection on CD8 T-cells exhaustion, an important parameter associated with CD8 T-cell dysfunction in the setting of chronic HIV-infection. The relevance of this phenomenon on immunological and/or clinical HIV progression prompts HCV treatment to improve management of coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rallón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcial García
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Rodríguez
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cabello
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Restrepo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa García
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Górgolas
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Benito
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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144
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Anderson KG, Stromnes IM, Greenberg PD. Obstacles Posed by the Tumor Microenvironment to T cell Activity: A Case for Synergistic Therapies. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:311-325. [PMID: 28292435 PMCID: PMC5423788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell dysfunction in solid tumors results from multiple mechanisms. Altered signaling pathways in tumor cells help produce a suppressive tumor microenvironment enriched for inhibitory cells, posing a major obstacle for cancer immunity. Metabolic constraints to cell function and survival shape tumor progression and immune cell function. In the face of persistent antigen, chronic T cell receptor signaling drives T lymphocytes to a functionally exhausted state. Here we discuss how the tumor and its microenvironment influences T cell trafficking and function with a focus on melanoma, and pancreatic and ovarian cancer, and discuss how scientific advances may help overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin G Anderson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine/Oncology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine/Oncology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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145
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Giraldo NA, Becht E, Vano Y, Petitprez F, Lacroix L, Validire P, Sanchez-Salas R, Ingels A, Oudard S, Moatti A, Buttard B, Bourass S, Germain C, Cathelineau X, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C. Tumor-Infiltrating and Peripheral Blood T-cell Immunophenotypes Predict Early Relapse in Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4416-4428. [PMID: 28213366 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint blockade as adjuvant therapy in localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is currently unknown. The identification of tumor microenvironment (TME) prognostic biomarkers in this setting may help define which patients could benefit from checkpoint blockade and uncover new therapeutic targets.Experimental Design: We performed multiparametric flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of T cells isolated from tumor tissue [tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL)], adjacent non-malignant renal tissue [renal-infiltrating lymphocytes (RIL)], and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), in a cohort of patients (n = 40) with localized ccRCC. Immunophenotypic data were integrated with prognostic and histopathologic variables, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis of sorted CD8+PD-1+ TILs, tumor mRNA expression, and digital quantitative immunohistochemistry.Results: On the basis of TIL phenotypic characterization, we identified three dominant immune profiles in localized ccRCC: (i) immune-regulated, characterized by polyclonal/poorly cytotoxic CD8+PD-1+Tim-3+Lag-3+ TILs and CD4+ICOS+ cells with a Treg phenotype (CD25+CD127-Foxp3+/Helios+GITR+), that developed in inflamed tumors with prominent infiltrations by dysfunctional dendritic cells and high PD-L1 expression; (ii) immune-activated, enriched in oligoclonal/cytotoxic CD8+PD-1+Tim-3+ TILs, that represented 22% of the tumors; and (iii) immune-silent, enriched in TILs exhibiting RIL-like phenotype, that represented 56% of patients in the cohort. Only immune-regulated tumors displayed aggressive histologic features, high risk of disease progression in the year following nephrectomy, and a CD8+PD-1+Tim-3+ and CD4+ICOS+ PBL phenotypic signature.Conclusions: In localized ccRCC, the infiltration with CD8+PD-1+Tim-3+Lag-3+ exhausted TILs and ICOS+ Treg identifies the patients with deleterious prognosis who could benefit from adjuvant therapy with TME-modulating agents and checkpoint blockade. This work also provides PBL phenotypic markers that could allow their identification. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4416-28. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Giraldo
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Becht
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Yann Vano
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Oncology Department, Paris 5 - Descartes University, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Carte d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Lacroix
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Pathology Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Ingels
- Urology Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Oudard
- Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Oncology Department, Paris 5 - Descartes University, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Moatti
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Buttard
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Bourass
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Claire Germain
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Cathelineau
- Urology Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Paris, Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France. .,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, immune control and escape", Paris, France. .,University Paris Descartes Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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146
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Silva-Filho JL, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. Targeting Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor (AT 1R) Inhibits the Harmful Phenotype of Plasmodium-Specific CD8 + T Cells during Blood-Stage Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:42. [PMID: 28261571 PMCID: PMC5311040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell response is critical in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria during blood-stage. Our group and other have been shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1 (AT1R), a key effector axis of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), have immune regulatory effects on T cells. Previously, we showed that inhibition of AT1R signaling protects mice against the lethal disease induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection However, most of the Ang II/AT1R actions were characterized by using only pharmacological approaches, the effects of which may not always be due to a specific receptor blockade. In addition, the mechanisms of action of the AT1R in inducing the pathogenic activity of Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T cells during blood-stage were not determined. Here, we examined how angiotensin II/AT1R axis promotes the harmful response of Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T-cell during blood-stage by using genetic and pharmacological approaches. We evaluated the response of wild-type (WT) and AT1R−/−Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T cells in mice infected with a transgenic PbA lineage expressing ovalbumin; and in parallel infected mice receiving WT Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T cells were treated with losartan (AT1R antagonist) or captopril (ACE inhibitor). Both, AT1R−/− OT-I cells and WT OT-I cells from losartan- or captopril-treated mice showed lower expansion, reduced IL-2 production and IL-2Rα expression, lower activation (lower expression of CD69, CD44 and CD160) and lower exhaustion profiles. AT1R−/− OT-I cells also exhibit lower expression of the integrin LFA-1 and the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, known to play a key role in the development of cerebral malaria. Moreover, AT1R−/− OT-I cells produce lower amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and show lower degranulation upon restimulation. In conclusion, our results show the pivotal mechanisms of AT1R-induced harmful phenotype of Plasmodium-specific CD8+ T cells during blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Silva-Filho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia e Bioimagem, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana A S Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Sinalização Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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147
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Chellappa S, Hugenschmidt H, Hagness M, Subramani S, Melum E, Line PD, Labori KJ, Wiedswang G, Taskén K, Aandahl EM. CD8+ T Cells That Coexpress RORγt and T-bet Are Functionally Impaired and Expand in Patients with Distal Bile Duct Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1729-1739. [PMID: 28053236 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells that express retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt (TC17 cells) have been shown to promote procarcinogenic inflammation and contribute to a tolerogenic microenvironment in tumors. We investigated their phenotype and functional properties in relationship to the pathogenesis of human distal bile duct cancer (DBDC). DBDC patients had an elevated level of type 17 immune responses and the frequency of CD8+RORγt+ T cells (TC17 cells) was increased in peripheral blood. The CD8+RORγt+ T cells represented a highly activated subset and produced IL-17A in equal amount as CD4+RORγt+ T cells (TH17 cells). Most CD8+RORγt+ T cells coexpressed T-bet, a lineage transcription factor for TH1 and TC1 development, suggesting that CD8+RORγt+ T cells undergo plasticity toward a TC17/1-like phenotype with coproduction of IL-17A and INF-γ. In comparison with CD8+RORγt- T cells, the CD8+RORγt+ T cells had a higher level of TCR signaling and were terminally differentiated and exhausted. These cells also had impaired ability to re-express perforin after degranulation and reduced cytotoxic immune function. A subset of CD8+RORγt+ T cells expressing a low level of programmed cell death protein 1 and a high level of OX40 were associated with reduced patient survival. In conclusion, CD8+RORγt+ T cells are proinflammatory and functionally impaired and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DBDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalin Chellappa
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Hugenschmidt
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Hagness
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Saranya Subramani
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Dag Line
- Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut-Jørgen Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Wiedswang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0317 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway; .,Biotechnology Center, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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148
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Pita-López ML, Pera A, Solana R. Adaptive Memory of Human NK-like CD8 + T-Cells to Aging, and Viral and Tumor Antigens. Front Immunol 2016; 7:616. [PMID: 28066426 PMCID: PMC5165258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK)-like CD8+ T-cells are singular T-cells that express both T and NK cell markers such as CD56; their frequencies depend on their differentiation and activation during their lifetime. There is evidence of the presence of these innate CD8+ T-cells in the human umbilical cord, highlighting the necessity of investigating whether the NK-like CD8+ T-cells arise in the early stages of life (gestation). Based on the presence of cell surface markers, these cells have also been referred to as CD8+KIR+ T-cells, innate CD8+ T-cells, CD8+CD28−KIR+ T-cells or NKT-like CD8+CD56+ cells. However, the functional and co-signaling significance of these NK cell receptors on NK-like CD8+ T-cells is less clear. Also, the diverse array of costimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors are spatially and temporally regulated and may have distinct overlapping functions on NK-like CD8+ T-cell priming, activation, differentiation, and memory responses associated with different cell phenotypes. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the functional properties and phenotypic characterization of human NK-like CD8+ T-cells. Environmental factors, such as aging, autoimmunity, inflammation, viral antigen re-exposure, or the presence of persistent tumor antigens have been shown to allow differentiation (“adaptation”) of the NK-like CD8+ T-cells; the elucidation of this differentiation process and a greater understanding of the characteristics of these cells could be important for their eventual in potential therapeutic applications aimed at improving protective immunity. This review will attempt to elucidate an understanding of the characteristics of these cells with the goal toward their eventual use in potential therapeutic applications aimed at improving protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Pita-López
- Research Center in Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases (CIBIMEC), CUSUR University of Guadalajara , Guzmán , Mexico
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Clinical Division, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Maimonides Biomedicine Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
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149
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Murray T, Fuertes Marraco SA, Baumgaertner P, Bordry N, Cagnon L, Donda A, Romero P, Verdeil G, Speiser DE. Very Late Antigen-1 Marks Functional Tumor-Resident CD8 T Cells and Correlates with Survival of Melanoma Patients. Front Immunol 2016; 7:573. [PMID: 28018343 PMCID: PMC5150229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limiting factor in the success of immunotherapy is tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells, a process that remains poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized homing receptors expressed by human melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells. Our data reveal that P-selectin binding and expression of the retention integrin, very late antigen (VLA)-1, by vaccine-induced T cells correlate with longer patient survival. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD8+VLA-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are highly enriched in melanoma metastases in diverse tissues. VLA-1-expressing TIL frequently co-express CD69 and CD103, indicating tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) differentiation. We employed a mouse model of melanoma to further characterize VLA-1-expressing TIL. Our data show that VLA-1+ TRM develop in murine tumors within 2 weeks, where they exhibit increased activation status, as well as superior effector functions. In addition, in vivo blockade of either VLA-1 or CD103 significantly impaired control of subcutaneous tumors. Together, our data indicate that VLA-1+ TRM develop in tumors and play an important role in tumor immunity, presenting novel targets for the optimization of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Murray
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Baumgaertner
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Natacha Bordry
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Laurène Cagnon
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alena Donda
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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150
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Zelle-Rieser C, Thangavadivel S, Biedermann R, Brunner A, Stoitzner P, Willenbacher E, Greil R, Jöhrer K. T cells in multiple myeloma display features of exhaustion and senescence at the tumor site. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:116. [PMID: 27809856 PMCID: PMC5093947 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy that is mostly restricted to the bone marrow. Cancer-induced dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells at the tumor site may be responsible for immune evasion and therapeutical failure of immunotherapies. Therefore, enhanced knowledge about the actual status of T cells in myeloma bone marrow is urgently needed. Here, we assessed the expression of inhibitory molecules PD-1, CTLA-4, 2B4, CD160, senescence marker CD57, and CD28 on T cells of naive and treated myeloma patients in the bone marrow and peripheral blood and collected data on T cell subset distribution in both compartments. In addition, T cell function concerning proliferation and expression of T-bet, IL-2, IFNγ, and CD107a was investigated after in vitro stimulation by CD3/CD28. Finally, data was compared to healthy, age-matched donor T cells from both compartments. METHODS Multicolor flow cytometry was utilized for the analyses of surface molecules, intracellular staining of cytokines was also performed by flow cytometry, and proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing unpaired T test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS We observed enhanced T cell exhaustion and senescence especially at the tumor site. CD8+ T cells expressed several molecules associated with T cell exhaustion (PD-1, CTLA-4, 2B4, CD160) and T cell senescence (CD57, lack of CD28). This phenotype was associated with lower proliferative capacity and impaired function. Despite a high expression of the transcription factor T-bet, CD8+ T cells from the tumor site failed to produce IFNγ after CD3/CD28 in vitro restimulation and displayed a reduced ability to degranulate in response to T cell stimuli. Notably, the percentage of senescent CD57+CD28- CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in treated myeloma patients when compared to untreated patients. CONCLUSIONS T cells from the bone marrow of myeloma patients were more severely impaired than peripheral T cells. While our data suggest that terminally differentiated cells are preferentially deleted by therapy, immune-checkpoint molecules were still present on T cells supporting the potential of checkpoint inhibitors to reactivate T cells in myeloma patients in combination therapies. However, additional avenues to restore anti-myeloma T cell responses are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rainer Biedermann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ella Willenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute (SCRI), Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Third Medical Department at The Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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