101
|
Priyanka P, Arun AB, Ashwini P, Rekha PD. Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by Nitratireductor sp. PRIM-31. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:400-4. [PMID: 26772917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. was investigated for its biotechnological applications. The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). These functional properties of the EPS prospect its biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Priyanka
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - A B Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - P Ashwini
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Brian-Jaisson F, Molmeret M, Fahs A, Guentas-Dombrowsky L, Culioli G, Blache Y, Cérantola S, Ortalo-Magné A. Characterization and anti-biofilm activity of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the marine biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ulvae strain TC14. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:547-560. [PMID: 27020951 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1164845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated soluble (Sol-EPS), loosely bound (LB-EPS), and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) harvested from biofilm and planktonic cultures of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas ulvae TC14. The aim of the characterization (colorimetric methods, FTIR, GC-MS, NMR, HPGPC, and AFM analyses) was to identify new anti-biofilm compounds; activity was assessed using the BioFilm Ring Test®. A step-wise separation of EPS was designed, based on differences in water-solubility and acidity. An acidic fraction was isolated from TB-EPS, which strongly inhibited biofilm formation by marine bacterial strains in a concentration-dependent manner. The main constituents of this fraction were characterized as two glucan-like polysaccharides. An active poly(glutamyl-glutamate) fraction was also recovered from TB-EPS. The distribution of these key EPS components in Sol-EPS, LB-EPS, and TB-EPS was distinct and differed quantitatively in biofilm vs planktonic cultures. The anti-biofilm potential of the fractions emphasizes the putative antifouling role of EPS in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maëlle Molmeret
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | - Ahmad Fahs
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | | | - Gérald Culioli
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | - Yves Blache
- a Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323 , Université de Toulon , La Garde , France
| | - Stéphane Cérantola
- b Service commun de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Manivasagan P, Oh J. Production of a Novel Fucoidanase for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Streptomyces sp. and Its Cytotoxic Effect on HeLa Cells. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6818-37. [PMID: 26569267 PMCID: PMC4663555 DOI: 10.3390/md13116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine actinobacteria-produced fucoidanases have received considerable attention as one of the major research topics in recent years, particularly for the medical exploitation of fucoidans and their degradation products. The present study describes the optimization and production of a novel fucoidanase for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its biological applications. The production of fucoidanase was optimized using Streptomyces sp. The medium components were selected in accordance with the Plackett-Burman design and were further optimized via response surface methodology. The fucoidanase was statistically optimized with the most significant factors, namely wheat bran 3.3441 g/L, kelp powder 0.7041 g/L, and NaCl 0.8807 g/L, respectively. The biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy and were further characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 350 µg/mL at 24 h and 250 µg/mL at 48 h. Therefore, the production of novel fucoidanase for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles has comparatively rapid, less expensive and wide application to anticancer therapy in modern medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials as a novel source of nanobiotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:315-27. [PMID: 26523336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials is emerging in nanobiotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, biosensors, and water treatment. Important properties of the marine polysaccharides include biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, low cost, and abundance. Most of the marine polysaccharides are derived from natural sources such as fucoidan, alginates, carrageenan, agarose, porphyran, ulvan, mauran, chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharide. Marine polysaccharides are very important biological macromolecules that widely exist in marine organisms. Marine polysaccharides exhibit a vast variety of structures and are still under-exploited and thus should be considered as a novel source of natural products for drug discovery. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. Marine polysaccharides have been shown to have a variety of biological and biomedical properties. Recently, research and development of marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials have received considerable attention as one of the major resources for nanotechnological applications. This review highlights the recent research on marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials for biotechnological and biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
105
|
Production and properties of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by the extreme halophilic archaeon Haloterrigena turkmenica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:613-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
106
|
Kurata A, Matsumoto M, Kobayashi T, Deguchi S, Kishimoto N. Hyaluronate lyase of a deep-sea Bacillus niacini. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:277-284. [PMID: 25680511 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hyaluronate lyase (BniHL) was purified to homogeneity from a culture of a deep-sea Bacillus niacin strain JAM F8. The molecular mass of purified BniHL was approximately 120 kDa. The purified enzyme degraded hyaluronan as well as chondroitin sulfates A and C by a β-elimination mechanism. The optimal pH and temperature were around pH 6 and 45 °C for hyaluronan degradation. The enzyme required optimally 2, 50, and 100 mM calcium ions for degradation of hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate C, and chondroitin sulfate A, respectively. Calcium ions slightly increased the thermal stability of the enzyme. In a genome analysis of strain JAM F8, a BniHL coding gene was identified on the bases of the molecular mass and N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences. The gene consisted of 3411 nucleotides and coded 1136 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest similarity to the hyaluronate lyase of a Bacillus sp. A50 with 89 % identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Marine-derived biological macromolecule-based biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
108
|
A Direct Sulfation Process of a Marine Polysaccharide in Ionic Liquid. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:508656. [PMID: 26090416 PMCID: PMC4452235 DOI: 10.1155/2015/508656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
GY785 is an exopolysaccharide produced by a mesophilic bacterial strain Alteromonas infernus discovered in the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. GY785 highly sulfated derivative (GY785 DRS) was previously demonstrated to be a promising molecule driving the efficient mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis for cartilage repair. This glycosaminoglycan- (GAG-) like compound was modified in a classical solvent (N,N′-dimethylformamide). However, the use of classical solvents limits the polysaccharide solubility and causes the backbone degradation. In the present study, a one-step efficient sulfation process devoid of side effects (e.g., polysaccharide depolymerization and/or degradation) was developed to produce GAG-like derivatives. The sulfation of GY785 derivative (GY785 DR) was carried out using ionic liquid as a reaction medium. The successful sulfation of this anionic and highly branched heteropolysaccharide performed in ionic liquid would facilitate the production of new molecules of high specificity for biological targets such as tissue engineering or regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
109
|
de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMB, de Morais RMSC. Marine polysaccharides from algae with potential biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2967-3028. [PMID: 25988519 PMCID: PMC4446615 DOI: 10.3390/md13052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products with applications in various industries, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics and food. This has put some emphasis in research on marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, among others. Polysaccharides with marine origin constitute one type of these biochemical compounds that have already proved to have several important properties, such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory ability, antitumor and cancer preventive, antilipidaemic and hypoglycaemic, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of applications. Their properties are mainly due to their structure and physicochemical characteristics, which depend on the organism they are produced by. In the biomedical field, the polysaccharides from algae can be used in controlled drug delivery, wound management, and regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the biomedical applications of marine polysaccharides from algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alcina Maria Bernardo de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Park HY, Choi IW, Kim GY, Kim BW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Fucoidan induces G1 arrest of the cell cycle in EJ human bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of pRB phosphorylation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
111
|
Priyanka P, Arun AB, Ashwini P, Rekha PD. Versatile properties of an exopolysaccharide R-PS18 produced by Rhizobium sp. PRIM-18. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 126:215-21. [PMID: 25933542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria have attracted scientific and industrial attention due to their multifunctional properties and relatively easier production. In this study, an EPS viz., R-PS18 produced by Rhizobium sp. PRIM-18 was characterized and its functional properties were assessed. Cell proliferative and in vitro wound healing activities of the EPS were established using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. The isolate produced 2.1 g L(-1) purified EPS (molecular weight 9.33×10(6) Da) comprising of glucose, galactose, and mannose (6.1:1.8:1). Viscosity of 0.25% solution was 23.4 mPa s (shear rate 75 s(-1)) and it showed pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior. High emulsification, iron chelation, and superoxide scavenging abilities were also observed. Significant increase in HDF cell proliferation and wound healing in vitro was achieved by R-PS18 treatment. Sulfation of R-PS18 significantly enhanced the cell proliferative and wound healing activities. In conclusion, these findings indicate potential applications of R-PS18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Priyanka
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - A B Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - P Ashwini
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Effect of Powdered Shells of the Snail Megalobulimus lopesi on Secondary-Intention Wound Healing in an Animal Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:120785. [PMID: 25821475 PMCID: PMC4363580 DOI: 10.1155/2015/120785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Topical administration of powdered shells of the land snail Megalobulimus lopesi was evaluated in Wistar rats for their healing activity in an excision wound model. The animals were distributed into three groups—G1 (control): no therapeutic intervention; G2 (vehicle controls): Lanette cream once daily; G3 (experimental animals): treated with powdered shells. Variables investigated were: wound area contraction, angiogenic activity, morphometric data, leukocytic inflammatory infiltrate, and total leukocyte count in peripheral blood. Thermogravimetric analysis and quantification and characterization of powdered shell proteins were also performed. Wound area on days 3, 7, and 14 was smaller in G3, besides presenting wound closure on day 21 for all these animals. Topical administration of the powdered shells also led to an increased number of vessels at the wound site, higher leukocyte counts in peripheral blood, and increased leukocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The results lend support to the southern Brazilian folk use of M. lopesi powdered shells, as shown by the enhanced secondary-intention healing achieved with their topical administration to wounds in rats. Topical administration caused inflammatory response modulation, crucial to accelerating the healing process, the chronification of which increases the risks of wound contamination by opportunistic pathogens.
Collapse
|
113
|
Venkatesan J, Lowe B, Anil S, Manivasagan P, Kheraif AAA, Kang KH, Kim SK. Seaweed polysaccharides and their potential biomedical applications. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Baboucarr Lowe
- Department of Marine Bio Convergence Science; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Dental Biomaterials Research, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research, Dental Health Department; College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyong-Hwa Kang
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
- Department of Marine Bio Convergence Science; Pukyong National University; Busan South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Torode TA, Marcus SE, Jam M, Tonon T, Blackburn RS, Hervé C, Knox JP. Monoclonal antibodies directed to fucoidan preparations from brown algae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118366. [PMID: 25692870 PMCID: PMC4333822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell walls of the brown algae contain a diverse range of polysaccharides with useful bioactivities. The precise structures of the sulfated fucan/fucoidan group of polysaccharides and their roles in generating cell wall architectures and cell properties are not known in detail. Four rat monoclonal antibodies, BAM1 to BAM4, directed to sulfated fucan preparations, have been generated and used to dissect the heterogeneity of brown algal cell wall polysaccharides. BAM1 and BAM4, respectively, bind to a non-sulfated epitope and a sulfated epitope present in the sulfated fucan preparations. BAM2 and BAM3 identified additional distinct epitopes present in the fucoidan preparations. All four epitopes, not yet fully characterised, occur widely within the major brown algal taxonomic groups and show divergent distribution patterns in tissues. The analysis of cell wall extractions and fluorescence imaging reveal differences in the occurrence of the BAM1 to BAM4 epitopes in various tissues of Fucus vesiculosus. In Ectocarpus subulatus, a species closely related to the brown algal model Ectocarpus siliculosus, the BAM4 sulfated epitope was modulated in relation to salinity levels. This new set of monoclonal antibodies will be useful for the dissection of the highly complex and yet poorly resolved sulfated polysaccharides in the brown algae in relation to their ecological and economic significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Torode
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Richard S. Blackburn
- Sustainable Materials Research Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Nair DG, Weiskirchen R, Al-Musharafi SK. The use of marine-derived bioactive compounds as potential hepatoprotective agents. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:158-70. [PMID: 25500871 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment may be explored as a rich source for novel drugs. A number of marine-derived compounds have been isolated and identified, and their therapeutic effects and pharmacological profiles are characterized. In the present review, we highlight the recent studies using marine compounds as potential hepatoprotective agents for the treatment of liver fibrotic diseases and discuss the proposed mechanisms of their activities. In addition, we discuss the significance of similar studies in Oman, where the rich marine life provides a potential for the isolation of novel natural, bioactive products that display therapeutic effects on liver diseases.
Collapse
|
116
|
Venkatesan J, Bhatnagar I, Manivasagan P, Kang KH, Kim SK. Alginate composites for bone tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:269-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
117
|
Baharara J, Amini E. The Potential of Brittle Star Extracted Polysaccharide in Promoting Apoptosis via Intrinsic Signaling Pathway. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2015; 7:151-8. [PMID: 26605009 PMCID: PMC4629457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-cancer potential of marine natural products such as polysaccharides represented therapeutic potential in oncological researches. In this study, total polysaccharide from brittle star [Ophiocoma erinaceus (O. erinaceus)] was extracted and chemopreventive efficacy of Persian Gulf brittle star polysaccharide was investigated in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. METHODS To extract polysaccharide, dried brittle stars were ground and extracted mechanically. Then, detection of polysaccharide was performed by phenol sulfuric acid, Ultra Violet (UV)-sulfuric acid method and FTIR. The anti proliferative activity of isolated polysaccharide was examined by MTT assay and evaluation of cell death was done through morphological cell changes; Propodium Iodide staining, fluorescence microscopy and caspase-3, -9 enzymatic measurements. To assess its underlying mechanism, expression of Bax, Bcl-2 was evaluated. RESULTS The polysaccharide detection methods demonstrated isolation of crude polysaccharide from Persian Gulf brittle star. The results revealed that O. erinaceus polysaccharide suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Morphological observation of DAPI and Acridine Orange/Propodium Iodide staining was documented by typical characteristics of apoptotic cell death. Flow cytometry analyses exhibited the accumulation of treated cells in sub-G1 region. Additionally, polysaccharide extracted induced intrinsic apoptosis via up-regulation of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax along with down-regulation of Bcl-2 in HeLa cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, the apoptosis inducing effect of brittle star polysaccharide via intrinsic pathway confirmed the anti tumor potential of marine polysaccharide. Therefore, these findings proposed new insight into anti cancer properties of brittle star polysaccharide as a promising agent in cervical cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Baharara
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Javad Baharara, Ph.D., Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran, Tel: +98 511 8437092, Fax: +98 511 8437092, E-mail:
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Faculty of Biological Science, Developmental Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMMB, de Morais RMSC. Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
119
|
Prospecting exopolysaccharides produced by selected bacteria associated with marine organisms for biotechnological applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
120
|
Delbarre-Ladrat C, Sinquin C, Lebellenger L, Zykwinska A, Colliec-Jouault S. Exopolysaccharides produced by marine bacteria and their applications as glycosaminoglycan-like molecules. Front Chem 2014; 2:85. [PMID: 25340049 PMCID: PMC4189415 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polysaccharides are ubiquitous and the most abundant renewable bio-components, their studies, covered by the glycochemistry and glycobiology fields, remain a challenge due to their high molecular diversity and complexity. Polysaccharides are industrially used in food products; human therapeutics fall into a more recent research field and pharmaceutical industry is looking for more and more molecules with enhanced activities. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in animal tissues play a critical role in cellular physiological and pathological processes as they bind many cellular components. Therefore, they present a great potential for the design and preparation of therapeutic drugs. On the other hand, microorganisms producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) are renewable resources meeting well the actual industrial demand. In particular, the diversity of marine microorganisms is still largely unexplored offering great opportunities to discover high value products such as new molecules and biocatalysts. EPS-producing bacteria from the marine environment will be reviewed with a focus on marine-derived EPS from bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Information on chemical and structural features, putative pathways of biosynthesis, novel strategies for chemical and enzymatic modifications and potentialities in the biomedical field will be provided. An integrated approach should be used to increase the basic knowledge on these compounds and their applications; new clean environmentally friendly processes for the production of carbohydrate bioactive compounds should also be proposed for a sustainable industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinne Sinquin
- EM3B Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Nantes, France
| | - Lou Lebellenger
- EM3B Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Nantes, France
| | - Agata Zykwinska
- EM3B Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Nantes, France
| | - Sylvia Colliec-Jouault
- EM3B Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Place LW, Kelly SM, Kipper MJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Proteoglycan-Mimetic Graft Copolymers with Tunable Glycosaminoglycan Density. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3772-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Place
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sean M. Kelly
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Evolving marine biomimetics for regenerative dentistry. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2877-912. [PMID: 24828293 PMCID: PMC4052322 DOI: 10.3390/md12052877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New products that help make human tissue and organ regeneration more effective are in high demand and include materials, structures and substrates that drive cell-to-tissue transformations, orchestrate anatomical assembly and tissue integration with biology. Marine organisms are exemplary bioresources that have extensive possibilities in supporting and facilitating development of human tissue substitutes. Such organisms represent a deep and diverse reserve of materials, substrates and structures that can facilitate tissue reconstruction within lab-based cultures. The reason is that they possess sophisticated structures, architectures and biomaterial designs that are still difficult to replicate using synthetic processes, so far. These products offer tantalizing pre-made options that are versatile, adaptable and have many functions for current tissue engineers seeking fresh solutions to the deficiencies in existing dental biomaterials, which lack the intrinsic elements of biofunctioning, structural and mechanical design to regenerate anatomically correct dental tissues both in the culture dish and in vivo.
Collapse
|
123
|
Fucoidan inhibits the proliferation of human urinary bladder cancer T24 cells by blocking cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Molecules 2014; 19:5981-98. [PMID: 24818577 PMCID: PMC6271230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fucoidan has been shown to exert anticancer activity against several types of cancer cell lines, no reports have explored fucoidan-affected cell growth in human urinary bladder cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of fucoidan in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Our results indicated that fucoidan decreased the viability of T24 cells through the induction of G1 arrest and apoptosis. Fucoidan-induced G1 arrest is associated with the enhanced expression of the Cdk inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and dephosphorylation of the pRB along with enhanced binding of p21 to Cdk4/6 as well as pRB to the transcription factor E2Fs. Further investigations showed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, proving mitochondrial dysfunction upon fucoidan treatment with a corresponding increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. Fucoidan-triggered apoptosis was also accompanied by the up-regulation of Fas and truncated Bid as well as the sequential activation of caspase-8. Furthermore, a significant increased activation of caspase-9/-3 was detected in response to fucoidan treatment with the decreased expression of IAPs and degradation of PARP, whereas a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly suppressed apoptosis and rescued the cell viability reduction. In conclusion, these observations suggest that fucoidan attenuates G1-S phase cell cycle progression and serves as an important mediator of crosstalk between caspase-dependent intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in T24 cells.
Collapse
|
124
|
Willcox DC, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ. Healthy aging diets other than the Mediterranean: a focus on the Okinawan diet. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:148-62. [PMID: 24462788 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The traditional diet in Okinawa is anchored by root vegetables (principally sweet potatoes), green and yellow vegetables, soybean-based foods, and medicinal plants. Marine foods, lean meats, fruit, medicinal garnishes and spices, tea, alcohol are also moderately consumed. Many characteristics of the traditional Okinawan diet are shared with other healthy dietary patterns, including the traditional Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and Portfolio diet. All these dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, among other age-associated diseases. Overall, the important shared features of these healthy dietary patterns include: high intake of unrefined carbohydrates, moderate protein intake with emphasis on vegetables/legumes, fish, and lean meats as sources, and a healthy fat profile (higher in mono/polyunsaturated fats, lower in saturated fat; rich in omega-3). The healthy fat intake is likely one mechanism for reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol, and other risk factors. Additionally, the lower caloric density of plant-rich diets results in lower caloric intake with concomitant high intake of phytonutrients and antioxidants. Other shared features include low glycemic load, less inflammation and oxidative stress, and potential modulation of aging-related biological pathways. This may reduce risk for chronic age-associated diseases and promote healthy aging and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Craig Willcox
- Okinawa International University, Department of Human Welfare, 2-6-1 Ginowan, Okinawa 901-2701, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Iram F, Iqbal MS, Athar MM, Saeed MZ, Yasmeen A, Ahmad R. Glucoxylan-mediated green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and their phyto-toxicity study. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 104:29-33. [PMID: 24607156 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles having exceptional high stability is reported. The synthesis involves the use of glucoxylans isolated from seeds of Mimosa pudica and excludes the use of conventional reducing and capping agents. The average particle sizes were 40 and 6 nm for gold and silver, respectively. The size of gold particles obtained in this work is suitable for drug delivery as they are non-cytotoxic. In phyto-toxicity tests the gold and silver nanoparticles did not show any significant effect on germination of radish seeds, whereas in radish seedling root growth assay the two particles behaved differently. The silver nanoparticles exhibited a concentration-dependent stimulatory effect on root length, whereas the gold nanoparticles had no significant effect in this test. The likely mechanism of these effects is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Iram
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, LCW University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad S Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad M Athar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Z Saeed
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Yasmeen
- Department of Chemistry, LCW University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Studies in Physics, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Willcox BJ, Willcox DC. Caloric restriction, caloric restriction mimetics, and healthy aging in Okinawa: controversies and clinical implications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:51-8. [PMID: 24316687 PMCID: PMC5403510 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the role of two nutritional factors implicated in the healthy aging of the Okinawans: caloric restriction; and traditional foods with potential caloric restriction-mimetic properties. RECENT FINDINGS Caloric restriction is a research priority for the US National Institute on Aging. However, little is known regarding health effects in humans. Some caloric restriction-related outcomes, such as cause-specific mortality and lifespan, are not practical for human clinical trials. Therefore, epidemiological data on older Okinawans, who experienced a caloric restriction-like diet for close to half their lives, are of special interest. The nutritional data support mild caloric restriction (10-15%) and high consumption of foods that may mimic the biological effects of caloric restriction, including sweet potatoes, marine-based carotenoid-rich foods, and turmeric. Phenotypic evidence is consistent with caloric restriction (including short stature, low body weight, and lean BMI), less age-related chronic disease (including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and dementia), and longer lifespan (mean and maximum). SUMMARY Both caloric restriction and traditional Okinawan functional foods with caloric restriction-mimetic properties likely had roles in the extended healthspan and lifespan of the Okinawans. More research is needed on health consequences of caloric restriction and foods with caloric restriction-mimetic properties to identify possible nutritional interventions for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu HI. 96817
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu HI. 96817
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, HPM-9, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu HI. 96817
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, 347 N. Kuakini Street, Honolulu HI. 96817
- Okinawa International University, Department of Human Welfare, 2-6-1 Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan 901-2701
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Giji S, Arumugam M. Isolation and characterization of hyaluronic acid from marine organisms. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 72:61-77. [PMID: 25081077 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800269-8.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) being a viscous slippery substance is a multifunctional glue with immense therapeutic applications such as ophthalmic surgery, orthopedic surgery and rheumatology, drug delivery systems, pulmonary pathology, joint pathologies, and tissue engineering. Although HA has been isolated from terrestrial origin (human umbilical cord, rooster comb, bacterial sources, etc.) so far, the increasing interest on this polysaccharide significantly aroused the alternative search from marine sources since it is at the preliminary level. Enthrallingly, marine environments are considered more biologically diverse than terrestrial environments. Although numerous methods have been described for the extraction and purification of HA, the hitch on the isolation methods which greatly influences the yield as well as the molecular weight of the polymer still exists. Adaptation of suitable method is essential in this venture. Stimulated by the developed technology, to sketch the steps involved in isolation and analytical techniques for characterization of this polymer, a brief report on the concerned approach has been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadhasivam Giji
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthuvel Arumugam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Extracellular polysaccharides produced by marine bacteria. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 72:79-94. [PMID: 25081078 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800269-8.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by microorganisms are a complex mixture of biopolymers primarily consisting of polysaccharides, as well as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and humic substances. Microbial polysaccharides are multifunctional and can be divided into intracellular polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides, and extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides. Recent advances in biological techniques allow high levels of polysaccharides of interest to be produced in vitro. Biotechnology is a powerful tool to obtain polysaccharides from a variety of marine microorganisms, by controlling the growth conditions in a bioreactor while tailoring the production of biologically active compounds. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of current knowledge on extracellular polysaccharides producing marine bacteria isolated from marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science, Specialized Graduate School Science and Technology Convergence, Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
|
130
|
Paniagua-Michel JDJ, Olmos-Soto J, Morales-Guerrero ER. Algal and microbial exopolysaccharides: new insights as biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:221-257. [PMID: 25300549 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, efforts are being made to utilize more natural biological systems as alternatives as a way to replace fossil forms of carbon. There is a growing concern at global level to have nontoxic, nonhazardous surface-active agents; contrary to synthetic surfactants, their biological counterparts or biosurfactants play a primary function, facilitating microbial presence in environments dominated by hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. Algal and microbial biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers from marine and deep-sea environments are attracting major interest due to their structural and functional diversity as molecules actives of surface and an alternative biomass to replace fossil forms of carbon. Algal and microbial surfactants are lipid in nature and classified as glycolipids, phospholipids, lipopeptides, natural lipids, fatty acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolic bioactive products are applicable in a number of industries and processes, viz., food processing, pharmacology, and bioremediation of oil-polluted environments. This chapter presents an update of the progress and potentialities of the principal producers of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-type biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers, viz., macro- and microalgae (cyanobacteria and diatoms) and bacteria from marine and extreme environments. Particular interest is centered into new sources and applications, viz., marine and deep-sea environments and promissory uses of these EPSs as biosurfactants/emulsifiers and other polymeric roles. The enormous benefits of these molecules encourage their discovery, exploitation, and development of new microbial EPSs that could possess novel industrial importance and corresponding innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel
- Laboratory for Bioactive Compounds and Bioremediation, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Olmos-Soto
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Roberto Morales-Guerrero
- Laboratory for Bioactive Compounds and Bioremediation, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Vo TS, Kim SK. Marine-derived polysaccharides for regulation of allergic responses. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:1-13. [PMID: 25300539 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are macromolecules made up of many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides from marine sources are widely distributed as the principle component in cell wall structures of seaweeds or exoskeletons of crustaceans. So far, marine polysaccharides have been used in many fields of biomaterials, food, cosmetic, and pharmacology. Especially, numerous pharmaceutical properties of marine polysaccharides have been revealed such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antitumor, antiobesity, antidiabetes, anticoagulant, antiviral, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, antihepatopathy, antiuropathy, and antirenalpathy activities. Recently, several marine polysaccharides such alginate, porphyran, fucoidan, and chitin and its derivatives have been found as modulators of allergic responses due to enhancing innate immune system, altering Th1/Th2 balance, inhibiting IgE production, and suppressing mast cell degranulation. This contribution, therefore, focuses specially on the immunomodulatory effect of marine polysaccharides and emphasizes their potential application as candidates of pharmaceuticals as well as nutraceuticals to prevent allergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Sang Vo
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Fedorov SN, Ermakova SP, Zvyagintseva TN, Stonik VA. Anticancer and cancer preventive properties of marine polysaccharides: some results and prospects. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4876-901. [PMID: 24317475 PMCID: PMC3877892 DOI: 10.3390/md11124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine-derived polysaccharides and their analogues have been reported as showing anticancer and cancer preventive properties. These compounds demonstrate interesting activities and special modes of action, differing from each other in both structure and toxicity profile. Herein, literature data concerning anticancer and cancer preventive marine polysaccharides are reviewed. The structural diversity, the biological activities, and the molecular mechanisms of their action are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Pereira J, Portron S, Dizier B, Vinatier C, Masson M, Sourice S, Galy-Fauroux I, Corre P, Weiss P, Fischer AM, Guicheux J, Helley D. The in vitro and in vivo effects of a low-molecular-weight fucoidan on the osteogenic capacity of human adipose-derived stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:275-84. [PMID: 24059447 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) may hold potential for bone tissue engineering. Osteogenic differentiation of these cells is crucial to bone formation. Low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) is a sulfated polysaccharide that potentiates several growth factors, including pro-angiogenic growth factors. To investigate whether hASC preconditioning with LMWF promoted bone repair, we compared the effects of LMWF and low-molecular-weight heparin on hASC phenotype and osteogenic differentiation. LMWF did not modify the stem-cell phenotype of hASCs but enhanced their osteogenic differentiation (formation of calcium deposits, increased activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, and increased expression of osteopontin and runt-related transcription factor 2). However, when hASCs were exposed to LMWF before their adhesion to biphasic calcium phosphate particles and implantation in a bone-growth mouse model, no bone formation was apparent after 5 or 8 weeks, probably due to cell death. In conclusion, LMWF may hold promise for enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs before their implantation. However, concomitant vascularization would be required to enhance bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pereira
- 1 Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Bhatnagar M, Parwani L, Sharma V, Ganguly J, Bhatnagar A. Exopolymers from Tolypothrix tenuis and three Anabaena sp. (Cyanobacteriaceae) as novel blood clotting agents for wound management. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:692-9. [PMID: 24274560 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid initiation of clotting is critical to trauma patients. In the present study exopolymers (EPs) from four desert cyanobacteria including Tolypothrix tenuis and three species of Anabaena have been discovered as potential hemostatic biomaterials. The EPs showed reduction in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) by 16-41% and 12-65%, respectively. Besides hastening blood clotting, the EPs could absorb 7.1-25.9 g H₂O g(-1) EP and displayed 7.1-18.1% hydrophobicity. They were noncytotoxic and biodegradable. The EP from Anabaena sp. showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. licheniformis. These results suggest that cyanobacteria, the microscopic phototrophs growing rapidly over simple mineral medium could prove to be a novel source of affordable hemostatic dressings for the traumatic wounds in underdeveloped and developing countries. Compositional analysis of the EPs showed them to be consisting of mainly carbohydrate (17-50%), protein (4.4-7.2%), uronic acid (4.7-9.5%) and sulphate (0.6-6.6%). Their viscometric molecular weight ranged from 539 to 3679 kDa. They were further characterized using GC-MS and FTIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bhatnagar
- Algae Biofuel and Biomolecules Centre, Department of Microbiology, M.D.S. University, Ajmer, 305009 Rajasthan, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Mobius K, Nordsieck K, Pichert A, Samsonov SA, Thomas L, Schiller J, Kalkhof S, Teresa Pisabarro M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Huster D. Investigation of lysine side chain interactions of interleukin-8 with heparin and other glycosaminoglycans studied by a methylation-NMR approach. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1260-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
136
|
BelHadj S, Hentati O, Elfeki A, Hamden K. Inhibitory activities of Ulva lactuca polysaccharides on digestive enzymes related to diabetes and obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2013; 119:81-7. [PMID: 23638862 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.775159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alga Ulva lactuca polysaccharides (ULPS) on key enzymes related to diabetes and obesity. This marine natural product, ULPS, exerted potential inhibition on key enzymes related to starch digestion and absorption in both plasma and small intestine mainly α-amylase by 53% and 34% and maltase by 97 and 164% respectively, leading to a significant decrease in blood glucose rate by 297%. Moreover, ULPS potentially inhibited key enzymes of lipid metabolism and absorption as lipase activity in both plasma and small intestine by 235 and 287% respectively, which led to a notable decrease of blood LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and in the counterpart an increase in HDL-cholesterol level in surviving diabetic rats. Additively, ULPS significantly protected the liver-kidney functions, by decreasing of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities and creatinine, urea and albumin rates in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahla BelHadj
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, PO Box 95, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Unusual glycosaminoglycans from a deep sea hydrothermal bacterium improve fibrillar collagen structuring and fibroblast activities in engineered connective tissues. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1351-69. [PMID: 23612369 PMCID: PMC3705409 DOI: 10.3390/md11041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers produced by marine organisms can offer useful tools for regenerative medicine. Particularly, HE800 exopolysaccharide (HE800 EPS) secreted by a deep-sea hydrothermal bacterium displays an interesting glycosaminoglycan-like feature resembling hyaluronan. Previous studies demonstrated its effectiveness to enhance in vivo bone regeneration and to support osteoblastic cell metabolism in culture. Thus, in order to assess the usefulness of this high-molecular weight polymer in tissue engineering and tissue repair, in vitro reconstructed connective tissues containing HE800 EPS were performed. We showed that this polysaccharide promotes both collagen structuring and extracellular matrix settle by dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, from the native HE800 EPS, a low-molecular weight sulfated derivative (HE800 DROS) displaying chemical analogy with heparan-sulfate, was designed. Thus, it was demonstrated that HE800 DROS mimics some properties of heparan-sulfate, such as promotion of fibroblast proliferation and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion. Therefore, we suggest that the HE800EPS family can be considered as an innovative biotechnological source of glycosaminoglycan-like compounds useful to design biomaterials and drugs for tissue engineering and repair.
Collapse
|
138
|
Green DW, Padula MP, Santos J, Chou J, Milthorpe B, Ben-Nissan B. A therapeutic potential for marine skeletal proteins in bone regeneration. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1203-20. [PMID: 23574983 PMCID: PMC3705399 DOI: 10.3390/md11041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A vital ingredient for engineering bone tissue, in the culture dish, is the use of recombinant matrix and growth proteins to help accelerate the growth of cultivated tissues into clinically acceptable quantities. The skeletal organic matrices of calcifying marine invertebrates are an untouched potential source of such growth inducing proteins. They have the advantage of being ready-made and retain the native state of the original protein. Striking evidence shows that skeleton building bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) exist within various marine invertebrates such as, corals. Best practice mariculture and the latest innovations in long-term marine invertebrate cell cultivation can be implemented to ensure that these proteins are produced sustainably and supplied continuously. This also guarantees that coral reef habitats are not damaged during the collection of specimens. Potential proteins for bone repair, either extracted from the skeleton or derived from cultivated tissues, can be identified, evaluated and retrieved using chromatography, cell assays and proteomic methods. Due to the current evidence for bone matrix protein analogues in marine invertebrates, together with the methods established for their production and retrieval there is a genuine prospect that they can be used to regenerate living bone for potential clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (M.P.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerran Santos
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (M.P.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Joshua Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| | - Bruce Milthorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (J.C.); (B.M.); (B.B.-N.)
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Alginate-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications. MATERIALS 2013; 6:1285-1309. [PMID: 28809210 PMCID: PMC5452316 DOI: 10.3390/ma6041285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, having many different applications in the field of biomedicine. Alginate is readily processable for applicable three-dimensional scaffolding materials such as hydrogels, microspheres, microcapsules, sponges, foams and fibers. Alginate-based biomaterials can be utilized as drug delivery systems and cell carriers for tissue engineering. Alginate can be easily modified via chemical and physical reactions to obtain derivatives having various structures, properties, functions and applications. Tuning the structure and properties such as biodegradability, mechanical strength, gelation property and cell affinity can be achieved through combination with other biomaterials, immobilization of specific ligands such as peptide and sugar molecules, and physical or chemical crosslinking. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of alginate and its derivatives in the field of biomedical applications, including wound healing, cartilage repair, bone regeneration and drug delivery, which have potential in tissue regeneration applications.
Collapse
|
140
|
Schepetkin IA, Kouakou K, Yapi A, Kirpotina LN, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. Immunomodulatory and hemagglutinating activities of acidic polysaccharides isolated from Combretum racemosum. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:628-37. [PMID: 23380150 PMCID: PMC3647372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of leaves of different species of the genus Combretum have been used historically to treat a variety of medicinal problems. However, little is known about the active components conferring therapeutic properties to these extracts. In the present studies, we evaluated biochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from the leaves of Combretum racemosum. Water-soluble polysaccharides from leaves of C. racemosum were extracted and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Diaion HP-20 to obtain a Diaion-bound fraction, designated Combretum polysaccharide-acidic bound or CP-AB, which was eluted with methanol, and an unbound fraction, designated as CP-AU. Molecular weight determination, sugar analysis, and other physical and chemical characterization of the fractions were performed. Fraction CP-AU (mol. weight 5.0 kDa) contained type II arabinogalactan and had potent immunomodulatory activity, inducing the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and MonoMac-6 monocytic cells. Likewise, intraperitoneal administration of CP-AU increased in vivo serum levels of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in mice. CP-AU-induced secretion of TNF-α in PBMC was prevented by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist LPS-RS. Treatment with CP-AU induced phosphorylation of Akt2, Akt3, GSK-3β, HSP27, mTOR, and all p38 MAPK isoforms (α, β, δ, and γ), as well as stimulation of AP-1/NF-κB transcriptional activity. In addition, CP-AU effectively agglutinated erythrocytes from several species, including human, mouse, and rabbit. In contrast, fraction CP-AB was inactive in all biological tests, including cytokine production and hemagglutination. These data suggest that at least part of the beneficial therapeutic effects reported for the water extracts of leaves from C. racemosum are due to modulation of leukocyte functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Bioactivity and applications of sulphated polysaccharides from marine microalgae. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:233-52. [PMID: 23344113 PMCID: PMC3564169 DOI: 10.3390/md11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae have been used for a long time as food for humans, such as Arthrospira (formerly, Spirulina), and for animals in aquaculture. The biomass of these microalgae and the compounds they produce have been shown to possess several biological applications with numerous health benefits. The present review puts up-to-date the research on the biological activities and applications of polysaccharides, active biocompounds synthesized by marine unicellular algae, which are, most of the times, released into the surrounding medium (exo- or extracellular polysaccharides, EPS). It goes through the most studied activities of sulphated polysaccharides (sPS) or their derivatives, but also highlights lesser known applications as hypolipidaemic or hypoglycaemic, or as biolubricant agents and drag-reducers. Therefore, the great potentials of sPS from marine microalgae to be used as nutraceuticals, therapeutic agents, cosmetics, or in other areas, such as engineering, are approached in this review.
Collapse
|
142
|
Beneficial effects of marine algal compounds in cosmeceuticals. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:146-64. [PMID: 23344156 PMCID: PMC3564164 DOI: 10.3390/md11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The name “cosmeceuticals” is derived from “cosmetics and pharmaceuticals”, indicating that a specific product contains active ingredients. Marine algae have gained much importance in cosmeceutical product development due to their rich bioactive compounds. In the present review, marine algal compounds (phlorotannins, sulfated polysaccharides and tyrosinase inhibitors) have been discussed toward cosmeceutical application. In addition, atopic dermatitis and the possible role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in skin-related diseases have been explored extensively for cosmeceutical products. The proper development of marine algae compounds will be helpful in cosmeceutical product development and in the development of the cosmeceutical industry.
Collapse
|
143
|
|
144
|
Prakash O, Nimonkar Y, Shouche YS. Practice and prospects of microbial preservation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 339:1-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Microbial Culture Collection; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune; Maharastra; India
| | - Yogesh Nimonkar
- Microbial Culture Collection; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune; Maharastra; India
| | - Yogesh S. Shouche
- Microbial Culture Collection; National Centre for Cell Science; Pune; Maharastra; India
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Prakash O, Shouche Y, Jangid K, Kostka JE. Microbial cultivation and the role of microbial resource centers in the omics era. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:51-62. [PMID: 23138712 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in microbial ecology over the past two decades, traditional cultivation methods have failed to grow ecologically more relevant microorganisms in the laboratory, leading to a predominance of weed-like species in the world's culture collections. In this review, we highlight the gap between culture-based and culture-independent methods of microbial diversity analysis, especially in investigations of slow growers, oligotrophs, and fastidious and recalcitrant microorganisms. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of microbial cultivation and the acquisition of the cultivation-based phenotypic data for the testing of hypotheses arising from genomics and proteomics approaches. Technical difficulties in cultivating novel microorganisms and how modern approaches have helped to overcome these limitations are highlighted. After cultivation, adequate preservation without changes in genotypic and phenotypic features of these microorganisms is necessary for future research and training. Hence, the contribution of microbial resource centers in the handling, preservation, and distribution of this novel diversity is discussed. Finally, we explore the concept of microbial patenting and requisite guidelines of the "Budapest Treaty" for establishment of an International Depositary Authority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Silva TH, Alves A, Popa EG, Reys LL, Gomes ME, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Mano JF, Reis RL. Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches. BIOMATTER 2012; 2:278-89. [PMID: 23507892 PMCID: PMC3568112 DOI: 10.4161/biom.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical field is constantly requesting for new biomaterials, with innovative properties. Natural polymers appear as materials of election for this goal due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In particular, materials found in marine environment are of great interest since the chemical and biological diversity found in this environment is almost uncountable and continuously growing with the research in deeper waters. Moreover, there is also a slower risk of these materials to pose illnesses to humans. In particular, sulfated polysaccharides can be found in marine environment, in different algae species. These polysaccharides don't have equivalent in the terrestrial plants and resembles the chemical and biological properties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. In this perspective, are receiving growing interest for application on health-related fields. On this review, we will focus on the biomedical applications of marine algae sulfated polymers, in particular on the development of innovative systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Pomin VH. Fucanomics and galactanomics: current status in drug discovery, mechanisms of action and role of the well-defined structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1971-9. [PMID: 22964140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the recent advent of glycomics, many medically relevant glycans have been discovered. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are one of these classes of glycans with increasing interest to both glycomics and medicine. Besides having very unique structures, some of these molecules exhibit a broad range of pharmacological actions. In certain cases, high levels of effectiveness may be reached when the proper structural requirements are found. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we cover the fundamental biochemical mechanisms of some of these medicinal properties. We particularly focus on the beneficial activities of SFs and SGs in inflammation, hemostasis, vascular biology, and cancer. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In these clinical systems, intermolecular complexes directly driven by electrostatic interactions of SFs and SGs with P- and L-selectins, chemokines, antithrombin, heparin cofactor II, thrombin, factor Xa, bFGF, and VEGF, overall govern the resultant therapeutic effects. In spite of that, the structural features of SFs and SGs have shown to be essential determinants for formation and stability of those molecular complexes, which consequently account to the differential levels of the biomedical responses. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Accurate structure-function relationships have mostly been achieved when SFs and SGs of well-defined structures are used for study. Therefore, these types of glycans have become of great usefulness to identify the chemical requirements needed to achieve satisfactory clinical responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abstract
Seaweeds, being prolific sources of bioactive components have garnered
unprecedented interest in recent times. The complex polysaccharides from the brown,
red and green seaweeds possess broad spectrum therapeutic properties. Especially,
the sulfated polysaccharides, viz. fucans,
carrageenans and ulvans have exhibited strong antioxidant, antitumor,
immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, pulmonary fibrosis
anticoagulant/antithrombotic, lipid lowering, antiviral, antibacterial,
antiprotozoan, hyperplasia prevention, gastrointestinal, regenerative and nano
medicine applications. Considering the immense biomedical prospects of sulfated
polysaccharides, the profound and emerging functional properties published in recent
times will be discussed here with experimental evidences. The limitations of the
seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharides in healthcare will be summarized.
Strategies to maximize extraction and bioavailability will be pondered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144402 Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Rigouin C, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Ratiskol J, Sinquin C, Colliec-Jouault S, Dion M. Screening of enzymatic activities for the depolymerisation of the marine bacterial exopolysaccharide HE800. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:143-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|