101
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Laureau R, Loeillet S, Salinas F, Bergström A, Legoix-Né P, Liti G, Nicolas A. Extensive Recombination of a Yeast Diploid Hybrid through Meiotic Reversion. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005781. [PMID: 26828862 PMCID: PMC4734685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In somatic cells, recombination between the homologous chromosomes followed by equational segregation leads to loss of heterozygosity events (LOH), allowing the expression of recessive alleles and the production of novel allele combinations that are potentially beneficial upon Darwinian selection. However, inter-homolog recombination in somatic cells is rare, thus reducing potential genetic variation. Here, we explored the property of S. cerevisiae to enter the meiotic developmental program, induce meiotic Spo11-dependent double-strand breaks genome-wide and return to mitotic growth, a process known as Return To Growth (RTG). Whole genome sequencing of 36 RTG strains derived from the hybrid S288c/SK1 diploid strain demonstrates that the RTGs are bona fide diploids with mosaic recombined genome, derived from either parental origin. Individual RTG genome-wide genotypes are comprised of 5 to 87 homozygous regions due to the loss of heterozygous (LOH) events of various lengths, varying between a few nucleotides up to several hundred kilobases. Furthermore, we show that reiteration of the RTG process shows incremental increases of homozygosity. Phenotype/genotype analysis of the RTG strains for the auxotrophic and arsenate resistance traits validates the potential of this procedure of genome diversification to rapidly map complex traits loci (QTLs) in diploid strains without undergoing sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Laureau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 3244, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 3244, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Loeillet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 3244, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 3244, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Salinas
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284-INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Anders Bergström
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284-INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Patricia Legoix-Né
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Paris, France
| | - Gianni Liti
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284-INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 3244, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 3244, Paris, France
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102
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Robinson HA, Pinharanda A, Bensasson D. Summer temperature can predict the distribution of wild yeast populations. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1236-50. [PMID: 26941949 PMCID: PMC4761769 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The wine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is the best understood microbial eukaryote at the molecular and cellular level, yet its natural geographic distribution is unknown. Here we report the results of a field survey for S. cerevisiae,S. paradoxus and other budding yeast on oak trees in Europe. We show that yeast species differ in their geographic distributions, and investigated which ecological variables can predict the isolation rate of S. paradoxus, the most abundant species. We find a positive association between trunk girth and S. paradoxus abundance suggesting that older trees harbor more yeast. S. paradoxus isolation frequency is also associated with summer temperature, showing highest isolation rates at intermediate temperatures. Using our statistical model, we estimated a range of summer temperatures at which we expect high S. paradoxus isolation rates, and show that the geographic distribution predicted by this optimum temperature range is consistent with the worldwide distribution of sites where S. paradoxus has been isolated. Using laboratory estimates of optimal growth temperatures for S. cerevisiae relative to S. paradoxus, we also estimated an optimum range of summer temperatures for S. cerevisiae. The geographic distribution of these optimum temperatures is consistent with the locations where wild S. cerevisiae have been reported, and can explain why only human-associated S. cerevisiae strains are isolated at northernmost latitudes. Our results provide a starting point for targeted isolation of S. cerevisiae from natural habitats, which could lead to a better understanding of climate associations and natural history in this important model microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Pinharanda
- Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Douda Bensasson
- Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT UK
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103
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Barbosa R, Almeida P, Safar SVB, Santos RO, Morais PB, Nielly-Thibault L, Leducq JB, Landry CR, Gonçalves P, Rosa CA, Sampaio JP. Evidence of Natural Hybridization in Brazilian Wild Lineages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:317-29. [PMID: 26782936 PMCID: PMC4779607 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural biology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the best known unicellular model eukaryote, remains poorly documented and understood although recent progress has started to change this situation. Studies carried out recently in the Northern Hemisphere revealed the existence of wild populations associated with oak trees in North America, Asia, and in the Mediterranean region. However, in spite of these advances, the global distribution of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, especially in regions were oaks and other members of the Fagaceae are absent, is not well understood. Here we investigate the occurrence of S. cerevisiae in Brazil, a tropical region where oaks and other Fagaceae are absent. We report a candidate natural habitat of S. cerevisiae in South America and, using whole-genome data, we uncover new lineages that appear to have as closest relatives the wild populations found in North America and Japan. A population structure analysis revealed the penetration of the wine genotype into the wild Brazilian population, a first observation of the impact of domesticated microbe lineages on the genetic structure of wild populations. Unexpectedly, the Brazilian population shows conspicuous evidence of hybridization with an American population of Saccharomyces paradoxus. Introgressions from S. paradoxus were significantly enriched in genes encoding secondary active transmembrane transporters. We hypothesize that hybridization in tropical wild lineages may have facilitated the habitat transition accompanying the colonization of the tropical ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barbosa
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Silvana V B Safar
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula B Morais
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Lou Nielly-Thibault
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugènes-Marchand, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Leducq
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Rue Vincent D'indy-Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugènes-Marchand, QC, Canada
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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104
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Lam I, Keeney S. Nonparadoxical evolutionary stability of the recombination initiation landscape in yeast. Science 2016; 350:932-7. [PMID: 26586758 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nonrandom distribution of meiotic recombination shapes heredity and genetic diversification. Theoretically, hotspots--favored sites of recombination initiation--either evolve rapidly toward extinction or are conserved, especially if they are chromosomal features under selective constraint, such as promoters. We tested these theories by comparing genome-wide recombination initiation maps from widely divergent Saccharomyces species. We find that hotspots frequently overlap with promoters in the species tested, and consequently, hotspot positions are well conserved. Remarkably, the relative strength of individual hotspots is also highly conserved, as are larger-scale features of the distribution of recombination initiation. This stability, not predicted by prior models, suggests that the particular shape of the yeast recombination landscape is adaptive and helps in understanding evolutionary dynamics of recombination in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lam
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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105
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Skelly DA, Magwene PM. Population perspectives on functional genomic variation in yeast. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 15:138-46. [PMID: 26467711 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated large-scale surveys of genomic variation in the budding yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae These surveys have revealed extensive sequence variation between yeast strains. However, much less is known about how such variation influences the amount and nature of variation for functional genomic traits within and between yeast lineages. We review population-level studies of functional genomic variation, with a particular focus on how population functional genomic approaches can provide insights into both genome function and the evolutionary process. Although variation in functional genomics phenotypes is pervasive, our understanding of the consequences of this variation, either in physiological or evolutionary terms, is still rudimentary and thus motivates increased attention to appropriate null models. To date, much of the focus of population functional genomic studies has been on gene expression variation, but other functional genomic data types are just as likely to reveal important insights at the population level, suggesting a pressing need for more studies that go beyond transcription. Finally, we discuss how a population functional genomic perspective can be a powerful approach for developing a mechanistic understanding of the processes that link genomic variation to organismal phenotypes through gene networks.
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106
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Wolfe KH, Armisén D, Proux-Wera E, ÓhÉigeartaigh SS, Azam H, Gordon JL, Byrne KP. Clade- and species-specific features of genome evolution in the Saccharomycetaceae. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov035. [PMID: 26066552 PMCID: PMC4629796 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of the genomes of yeast species in the family Saccharomycetaceae have been well conserved during evolution. They have similar genome sizes, genome contents, and extensive collinearity of gene order along chromosomes. Gene functions can often be inferred reliably by using information from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Beyond this conservative picture however, there are many instances where a species or a clade diverges substantially from the S. cerevisiae paradigm—for example, by the amplification of a gene family, or by the absence of a biochemical pathway or a protein complex. Here, we review clade-specific features, focusing on genomes sequenced in our laboratory from the post-WGD genera Naumovozyma, Kazachstania and Tetrapisispora, and from the non-WGD species Torulaspora delbrueckii. Examples include the loss of the pathway for histidine synthesis in the cockroach-associated species Tetrapisispora blattae; the presence of a large telomeric GAL gene cluster in To. delbrueckii; losses of the dynein and dynactin complexes in several independent yeast lineages; fragmentation of the MAT locus and loss of the HO gene in Kazachstania africana; and the patchy phylogenetic distribution of RNAi pathway components. The authors review species-specific evolutionary attributes of yeast genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Wolfe
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Armisén
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon - CNRS UMR 5242 - INRA USC 1370, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Estelle Proux-Wera
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland Science for Life Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Box 1031, SE-17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Seán S ÓhÉigeartaigh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, CRASSH, Alison Richard Building, 7 West Road, Cambridge, CB3 9DT, UK
| | - Haleema Azam
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan L Gordon
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Site de Duclos, Prise d'eau, F-97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Kevin P Byrne
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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