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Bodjongo MJM. How to increase acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among poor people in Africa? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 24:173-210. [PMID: 38451447 DOI: 10.1007/s10754-024-09370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze whether good government management of the COVID-19 pandemic can increase the likelihood of vaccine uptake among poor people in Africa. The analysis is based on a sample of 18,010 people living in 34 African countries, drawn from data collected by Afrobarometer (Merged Round 8 data (34 countries), database, 2022). The econometric results, obtained using a bivariate probit regression, show that poverty significantly reduces the odds of accepting the said COVID-19 vaccine. However, acceptance of the vaccine increases among poor individuals when there is (i) trust in the government's published statistics on COVID-19, (ii) control of corruption by the government in managing the pandemic, (iii) individual confidence in the government's ability to ensure the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine, and (iv) belief that the Covid 19 vaccine will be more effective than religious prayer in the fight against this pandemic.
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102
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Demelash Enyew H, Hailu AB, Mereta ST. The effect of chimney fitted improved stove on kitchen fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in rural Ethiopia: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118488. [PMID: 38387494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of Ethiopian people cook with biomass fuels using traditional stoves, releasing harmful pollutants and contributing to a significant public health crisis. Improved stoves offer a potential escape route, but their effectiveness needs close scrutiny. This study delves into the impact of chimney-fitted stoves on kitchen PM2.5 concentrations in rural Ethiopian households. METHOD We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 86 households equally divided (1:1 ratio) between intervention and control groups. The 24-h average kitchen PM2.5 concentrations was measured using Particle and Temperature Sensor (PATS+) at baseline and after intervention. All relevant sociodemographic and cooking related characteristics were collected at baseline and dynamic characteristics were updated during air monitoring visits. Three distinct statistical models, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows (v 24.0). RESULT At baseline, the average 24-h kitchen PM2.5 concentrations were 482 μg/m3 (95% CI: 408, 557) for the control and 405 μg/m3 (95% CI: 318, 492) for the intervention groups. Despite remaining elevated at 449 μg/m3 (95% CI: 401, 496) in the control group, PM2.5 concentrations reduced to 104 μg/m3 (95% CI: 90,118) in the intervention group, indicating a statistically significant difference (t = 6.97, p < 0.001). All three statistical analyses delivered remarkably consistent results, estimating a PM2.5 reductions of 74% with the before-and-after approach, 76% when comparing groups, and 74% for difference in difference analysis. Beyond the overall reduction, homes with primary school completed women, larger kitchens, smaller family size, and those specifically baking Injera (the traditional energy-intensive staple food), witnessed even greater drops in PM2.5 levels. CONCLUSION Pregnant women in our study encountered dangerously high PM2.5 exposures in their kitchens. While the intervention achieved a significant PM2.5 reductions, unfortunately remained above the WHO's safe limit, highlighting the need for further interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Demelash Enyew
- Debre Tabor University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Ethiopia.
| | - Abebe Beyene Hailu
- Jimma University, Institution of Health, Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Jimma University, Institution of Health, Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Ethiopia
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103
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Osborne KR, Morton LB, Anderson LA, O'Brien Caughy M. "At the end of the day, someone done lost their child": A mixed methods analysis of Black families' experiences of the sociopolitical climate. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:749-767. [PMID: 38258316 PMCID: PMC11245373 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
How Black Americans in the United States (U.S.) make sense of a sociopolitical climate marked by racist imagery, tensions, and police violence is important to understand given the numerously documented detrimental effects of racism-related stress on the well-being of Black parents and children. Informed by Racism-Related Stress Theory, the current study employed a convergent parallel mixed methods design to better understand the ways racism-related stressors in the sociopolitical climate impacted the daily lives and mental health of a sample of Black families with low income. Seventy-eight Black American preadolescents (Mage = 11.0; 43.6% girls) and their parents (79% mothers; 76% living below the U.S. federal poverty level [FPL]) from the southwestern U.S. reported their symptoms of depression and how they had been affected by racial stressors in the sociopolitical climate between Fall 2018 and Summer 2019. A nested sample of 10 parents (80% mothers; 80% living below the FPL) from the quantitative sample also participated in a semi-structured interview. Meta-inferences across methods were drawn pertaining to the influence of child gender on parents' interpretation of effects for children, the toll racism-related stress in the sociopolitical climate takes on Black families, and the transferal of effects on parents to children through parenting and parental depressive symptoms. Findings spotlight the need for policies and family-centered programming that address the racism-related stress faced by many Black youth and their families. Providing families with opportunities and tools that can potentially mitigate harmful effects and foster empowerment could promote positive and lasting change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Osborne
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - LaRen B Morton
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Leslie A Anderson
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret O'Brien Caughy
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Nicolaidou E, Fouseki K, Paparizos V, Kotsafti O, Vasalou V, Daskalakis E, Lakoumentas J, Giannoukos A, Emmanouil G, Kapranou R, Kripouri Z, Papanikou S, Stefanaki I, Tagka A, Gregoriou S, Paparizou E, Stratigos A. A sharp increase in early syphilis cases in a referral hospital in Athens, Greece, 2 years into the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e450-e452. [PMID: 38380596 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- E Nicolaidou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - K Fouseki
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - V Paparizos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - O Kotsafti
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - V Vasalou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - A Giannoukos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - G Emmanouil
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - R Kapranou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Z Kripouri
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Papanikou
- Department of Dermatology, National Health System, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - I Stefanaki
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tagka
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Gregoriou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - E Paparizou
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "A. Sygros" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Hendriks-Hartensveld AEM, Havermans RC, Nederkoorn C, van den Heuvel E. Exploring within-meal variety to promote appeal of home-cooked meals in older adults. Appetite 2024; 197:107318. [PMID: 38548134 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Undernutrition is highly prevalent in older adults and poses a major threat to physical and mental wellbeing. To foster healthy eating (and healthy aging), strategies are needed to improve dietary quality of older adults. In this study, the feasibility of increasing food variety in home-cooked meals is explored as strategy to promote meat and vegetable consumption in community dwelling older adults. Adults aged 50 years or older (N = 253) evaluated pictures of traditional Dutch dinner meals with more or less variety in the vegetable or meat component in an online questionnaire. Specifically, four different variety 'levels' were presented: (1) no variety, (2) meat variety, (3) vegetable variety, and (4) variety in both meat and vegetables (mixed). Participants indicated for each meal picture how much they would like the meal, whether it represented an ideal portion size, and whether they would be able and willing to prepare the meal. We expected that with increasing variety, liking and ideal portion size would increase, while ability and willingness to prepare the meals would decrease. Results showed that the meals with meat variety and mixed variety were liked less than meals with vegetable variety or no variety. Participants were all highly willing to prepare the meals, but they were less willing to prepare the meals with meat variety and mixed variety compared to the meals with vegetable variety and no variety. All meals were evaluated as being too large, but the meals with vegetable variety and mixed variety were evaluated as more oversized than the meals without variety and with meat variety. These results suggest that encouraging older adults to include variety in home-cooked meals might be more challenging than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk E M Hendriks-Hartensveld
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands.
| | - Remco C Havermans
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands; Chair Youth, Food, and Health, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Nederkoorn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Emmy van den Heuvel
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands
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Sumbal R, Ashkar A, Sumbal A, Abdul Moiz M. Reasons and Risk Factors for Same-Day Discharge Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Arthroplast Today 2024; 27:101363. [PMID: 38665390 PMCID: PMC11043888 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2024.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, emphasis is being given to same-day discharge (SDD) following total joint arthroplasty. Unfortunately, despite a high degree of success, there are instances of failed SDD. Therefore, we aim to conduct a systematic review to evaluate factors contributing to failed SDD after total joint arthroplasty. Methods Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched. The Newcastle Ottawa score was used for the quality assessment of selected studies. All the studies were evaluated through a narrative synthesis. A total of 11 studies evaluating 157,045 patients were selected. The mean age of patients was 62.5 years. Results Elderly patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.01 to OR 3.13), women (OR 1.63 to OR 2.87), non-white race (OR 1.31 to OR 2.19), hypertension (OR 1.11 to OR 1.41), diabetes (OR 1.25 to OR 4.06), cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.67 to OR 12.06), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.30 to OR 1.96), bleeding disorders (OR 1.32 to OR 1.52), obesity (OR 1.35 to OR 3.30), steroid use (OR 1.23 to OR 1.52), late procedure start time (OR 1.22 to OR 5.16), higher postoperative pain (OR 1.93 to OR 5.85), high American Society of Anesthesiologists score (OR 0.92 to OR 3.50) were major predictors of failed SDD. Conclusions Through our review, we highlighted that elderly patients, women, non-white race, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bleeding disorders, obesity, steroid use, late procedure start time, higher postoperative pain, and high American Society of Anesthesiologists score were major predictors of a failed SDD. Many factors evaluated in our study were presented in one or two studies only; therefore, high-quality studies are required to supplement our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramish Sumbal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Anusha Ashkar
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Anusha Sumbal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Moiz
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Mankan AK, Shankar A, Limaye S, Ajaikumar BS, Nachane P, Singh N, Dawkhar S, Batra U, Bhosekar A, Ganguly S, Gawli P, Debnath K, Padalalu V, Reddy P, Sundaramoorthy S, Naveen KK, Bondarde S, Kumar P, Davis S, Ramkissoon SH, Chacko RT, Vidal L, Chico I, Hegedus A, Gupta S, Saini KS. Cancer Trials Ecosystem in India-Ready for Prime Time? JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300405. [PMID: 38870438 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Executing global clinical trials for cancer is a long, expensive, and complex undertaking. While selecting countries global studies, sponsors must consider several aspects including patient pool, quality of trained investigators, competing trials, availability of infrastructure, and financial investment versus returns. With a large, often treatment-naïve, and diverse patient pool, relatively low cost, good quality health care facilities in urban areas, and a robust and well-trained workforce, India offers several advantages for conducting oncology clinical trials. However, there remains challenges, including a shifting regulatory environment in recent decades. With the implementation of the New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules in 2019, India's regulatory atmosphere seems to have stabilized. In this article, we present a review of the evolving clinical trial landscape in India, highlight the current regulatory scenario, and discuss the advantages and challenges of selecting India as a potential location for conducting global oncology clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Navneet Singh
- PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ullas Batra
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanish Davis
- Indian Society for Clinical Research, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sudeep Gupta
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kamal S Saini
- Fortrea Inc, Durham, NC
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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108
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Preest E, Greenhalgh T, Farrier C, van der Westhuizen HM. Children's experiences of mask-wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:585-621. [PMID: 38534010 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Masks have been widely used as a preventative tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of masks by children has been controversial, with international guidelines recommending a risk-based approach to national policymakers. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review that explores children's experiences of mask-wearing, drawing on an evidence base that describes mask-wearing in different contexts including air pollution, and to prevent the spread of infectious disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO in June 2021, with repeat searches in August 2022 and January 2024, for primary research studies exploring children's experiences of masks. Included studies reported on participants between 4 and 14 years (inclusive), with no restrictions on language where an English translation was available. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal and narrative synthesis to identify key findings. We also conducted stakeholder consultation (Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)) with nine children, where they submitted annotated drawings of their preferred masks to complement our review findings. RESULTS We screened 982 titles and abstracts and reviewed 94 full texts. 45 studies were included in the synthesis. Children's experiences of mask-wearing were influenced by their perceived necessity, social norms around their use and parental attitudes. Challenges related to mask-wearing were described, including difficulty reading facial expressions and physical discomfort. Children found it easier to wear masks when sitting and in cooler environments, and they benefited from unmasking during outdoor break time at school. As part of the PPI consultation, children highlighted the importance of mask design and the environmental impact of masks. CONCLUSION Children's experiences of mask-wearing were varied and context-dependent, with several mask-design challenges raised. Future policy on mask-wearing needs to consider the context in which mask-wearing would be most beneficial, and how local adaptations to policy can respond to children's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Preest
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Farrier
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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109
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Leach AJ, Wilson N, Arrowsmith B, Beissbarth J, Mulholland K, Santosham M, Torzillo PJ, McIntyre P, Smith-Vaughan H, Skull SA, Oguoma VM, Chatfield MD, Lehmann D, Brennan-Jones CG, Binks MJ, Licciardi PV, Andrews RM, Snelling T, Krause V, Carapetis J, Chang AB, Morris PS. Hearing loss in Australian First Nations children at 6-monthly assessments from age 12 to 36 months: Secondary outcomes from randomised controlled trials of novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004375. [PMID: 38829821 PMCID: PMC11146696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australian remote communities, First Nations children with otitis media (OM)-related hearing loss are disproportionately at risk of developmental delay and poor school performance, compared to those with normal hearing. Our objective was to compare OM-related hearing loss in children randomised to one of 2 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) formulations. METHODS AND FINDINGS In 2 sequential parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trials (the PREVIX trials), eligible infants were first allocated 1:1:1 at age 28 to 38 days to standard or mixed PCV schedules, then at age 12 months to PCV13 (13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, +P) or PHiD-CV10 (10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine, +S) (1:1). Here, we report prevalence and level of hearing loss outcomes in the +P and +S groups at 6-monthly scheduled assessments from age 12 to 36 months. From March 2013 to September 2018, 261 infants were enrolled and 461 hearing assessments were performed. Prevalence of hearing loss was 78% (25/32) in the +P group and 71% (20/28) in the +S group at baseline, declining to 52% (28/54) in the +P groups and 56% (33/59) in the +S group at age 36 months. At primary endpoint age 18 months, prevalence of moderate (disabling) hearing loss was 21% (9/42) in the +P group and 41% (20/49) in the +S group (difference -19%; (95% confidence interval (CI) [-38, -1], p = 0.07) and prevalence of no hearing loss was 36% (15/42) in the +P group and 16% (8/49) in the +S group (difference 19%; (95% CI [2, 37], p = 0.05). At subsequent time points, prevalence of moderate hearing loss remained lower in the +P group: differences -3%; (95% CI [-23, 18], p = 1.00 at age 24 months), -12%; (95% CI [-30, 6], p = 0.29 at age 30 months), and -9%; (95% CI [-23, 5], p = 0.25 at age 36 months). A major limitation was the small sample size, hence low power to reach statistical significance, thereby reducing confidence in the effect size. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed a high prevalence and persistence of moderate (disabling) hearing loss throughout early childhood. We found a lower prevalence of moderate hearing loss and correspondingly higher prevalence of no hearing loss in the +P group, which may have substantial benefits for high-risk children, their families, and society, but warrant further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01735084 and NCT01174849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jane Leach
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Nicole Wilson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Beth Arrowsmith
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jemima Beissbarth
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathuram Santosham
- Departments of International Health and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul John Torzillo
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Heidi Smith-Vaughan
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sue A. Skull
- Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Victor M. Oguoma
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark D. Chatfield
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah Lehmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Brennan-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross M. Andrews
- Office of the Chief Health Officer, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom Snelling
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vicki Krause
- Centre for Disease Control (CDC)-Environmental Health, Northern Territory Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne B. Chang
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Stanley Morris
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Paediatrics Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Lataster R. Anti-science case study: COVID-19 vaccines' effectiveness and safety exaggerated. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100517. [PMID: 38846110 PMCID: PMC11153924 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
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111
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Dolu İ, Bozkurt FD, Bulut E, Yıldırım İ, Dilcen HY. Do peer-based short-form educational videos created by nursing students improve youths' knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases? A quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13221. [PMID: 38056436 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remains high worldwide in today's society, especially among young people. Youth education on STDs could help to reduce the prevalence of the condition in society and prevent new cases. AIM The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of peer-based short-form educational videos on youths' knowledge of STDs. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Turkey. The sample consisted of 121 students divided into experimental and control groups. Pre- and post-test control group quasi-experimental research design was employed in this study during the spring semester of the academic year 2021-2022. Peer-based short-form educational videos created by nursing students were used as an intervention. The survey form and Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire were used to collect data. RESULTS Participants with parental responsibilities and had previous STD experience had higher knowledge score than the other subgroups. There was a significant main effect of peer-based short-form educational video on participants overall knowledge score of STDs. Additionally, the effect of intervention continued at 12-week follow-up measurement. CONCLUSION Peer-based short-form educational videos increase young people's knowledge of STD, and the impact of the intervention continued at 12-week follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Dolu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Feyza Demir Bozkurt
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Ebru Bulut
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - İlayda Yıldırım
- Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Gratuate Studies, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Hacer Yalnız Dilcen
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
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Tunde Aborode A, Badri R, Ottoho E, Fakorede S, Etinosa P, Mangdow M, Oginni O, Nwaogelenya Opia F, Adenike Adebiyi A, Williams T, Adelakun I, Akinola Aluko B, Ayobami Onifade I, Hemmeda L, Dawood I. Effects of migration on Sudanese women and children: a public health concern. Med Confl Surviv 2024; 40:102-110. [PMID: 38706296 DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2024.2345966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rawa Badri
- Department of Clinical Research, Mycetoma Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Edima Ottoho
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sodiq Fakorede
- Material science and Engineering, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas, KS, USA
| | | | - Mustapha Mangdow
- Material science and Engineering, University of Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Oreoluwa Oginni
- Department of Public Health, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Torojah Williams
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ibrahim Adelakun
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of New York Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Lina Hemmeda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Iyas Dawood
- Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
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Droz JP, Couppié P, Fayette J. [Oncology in French Guiana: A challenge to win]. Bull Cancer 2024; 111:597-607. [PMID: 38749776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
French Guiana is an equatorial, multicultural, overseas territory in South America. The region is unique: a wealthy country with a universal healthcare system, but significant poverty, which bears little resemblance to its neighbors Brazil and Suriname. Cancer is the second leading cause of death. The incidence of cancer is lower than in France, stages are generally more advanced and the prognosis worse. To date, oncology has been organized through a joint venture between local institutions and healthcare professionals and a cancer center in mainland France, in line with the recommendations of the Institut National du Cancer. The implementation of a medical project and a complete medical studies curriculum in French Guiana is a tremendous opportunity for the development of oncology. The main challenges are consolidating medical care for patients, quality control, genetic oncology, molecular biology, implementation of radiotherapy and nuclear medicine, clinical and translational research, and teaching programs. Working in oncology in French Guiana is exciting because of the scientific interest (particular characteristics of cancers, notably the role of viral or micro-organism-induced carcinogenesis, genetic factors in these populations with African and Asian roots, and the importance of a public health policy) and human interest (patients from different cultures; all of them bring original approaches to health and illness that need to be deciphered in order to offer quality care). This requires the support of healthcare professionals who are enthusiastic about this unique adventure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Droz
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon-1, 43, boulevard du 11-Novembre-1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Pierre Couppié
- Centre hospitalier de Cayenne, rue des Flamboyants, 97306 Cayenne, Guyane française; DFR Santé, université de Guyane, WMMX+5Q3, 97300 Cayenne, Guyane française
| | - Jérôme Fayette
- Centre hospitalier de Cayenne, rue des Flamboyants, 97306 Cayenne, Guyane française; Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France
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114
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Salinas-Rodríguez A, Rojas-Botero ML, Rivera-Almaraz A, Fernández-Niño JA, Montañez-Hernández JC, Manrique-Espinoza B. Long-term inequalities in health among older Mexican adults: An outcome-wide analysis. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101684. [PMID: 38881818 PMCID: PMC11179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between socioeconomic level and health outcomes in older people has been widely studied, but less information about health inequalities associated with gender and place of residence exists. Also, there is scarce evidence of longitudinal inequalities, particularly in countries from the global south. This study aimed to describe the longitudinal patterns of health inequalities associated with wealth, gender, and residence area among older Mexican adults. We used data from two longitudinal studies in Mexico: The Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Three domains to characterize health inequities were used: wealth, gender, and rurality. We conducted an outcome-wide analysis with nine health indicators assessing older adults' physical and cognitive function. The Slope Index of Inequality and the Relative Index of Inequality were used as inequality measurements. Our results indicate that the greatest inequalities are observed in relation to wealth and gender. Older adults with lower socioeconomic status demonstrated higher rates of depression, sarcopenia, falls, and limitations in both basic and instrumental activities of daily living compared to their wealthier counterparts, with increasing trends in physical functionality over time. Furthermore, women experienced higher rates of depression, sarcopenia, frailty, and physical limitations compared to men. The only significant difference related to rurality was a lower rate of frailty among rural older adults. Longitudinal trajectories revealed an increase in the gap of inequality for various health indicators, especially in terms of wealth and gender. Health inequalities in old age are one of the greatest challenges facing health systems globally. Actions like universal coverage of health services for older people and the empowerment of individuals and their communities to have control over their lives and circumstances must be guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Rivera-Almaraz
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Betty Manrique-Espinoza
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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115
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Tasslimi A, Bell TR, Moore TP, DeBolt C, Ibrahim A, Matheson J. Vaccine Coverage at 36 Months and 7 Years by Parental Birth Country, Washington State. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023064626. [PMID: 38774987 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ensuring equitable vaccination access for immigrant communities is critical for guiding efforts to redress health disparities, but vaccine coverage data are limited. We evaluated childhood vaccination coverage by parental birth country (PBC) through the linkage of Washington State Immunization Information System data and birth records. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort evaluation of children born in Washington from January 1, 2006 to November 12, 2019. We assessed up-to-date vaccination coverage status for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP), and poliovirus vaccines at ages 36 months and 7 years. Children with ≥1 parent(s) born in selected non-US countries were compared with children with 2 US-born parents, using Poisson regression models to provide prevalence ratios. RESULTS We identified 902 909 eligible children, of which 24% had ≥1 non-US-born parent(s). Vaccination coverage at 36 months by PBC ranged from 41.0% to 93.2% for ≥1 MMR doses and ≥3 poliovirus doses and 32.6% to 86.4% for ≥4 DTaP doses. Compared with children of US-born parents, the proportion of children up to date for all 3 vaccines was 3% to 16% higher among children of Filipino-, Indian-, and Mexican-born parents and 33% to 56% lower among children of Moldovan-, Russian-, and Ukrainian-born parents. Within-PBC coverage patterns were similar for all vaccines with some exceptions. Similar PBC-level differences were observed at 7 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The linkage of public health data improved the characterization of community-level childhood immunization outcomes. The findings provide actionable information to understand community-level vaccination determinants and support interventions to enhance vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Tasslimi
- Refugee and Immigrant Health Program, Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington
| | - Teal R Bell
- Office of Immunization, Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington
| | - Tyler P Moore
- Office of Immunization, Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater, Washington
| | - Charla DeBolt
- Center for Public Health Medical and Veterinary Science, Office of Health and Science, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington
| | - Anisa Ibrahim
- Pediatric Clinic, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jasmine Matheson
- Refugee and Immigrant Health Program, Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington
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Sultana M, Nichols M, Jacobs J, Karacabeyli D, Allender S, Novotny R, Brown V. The range of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments collected in multisectoral community-based obesity prevention interventions in children: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13731. [PMID: 38432682 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent and multisectoral community-based interventions (CBIs) have proven potential in preventing overweight and obesity in children. Synthesizing evidence on the outcomes collected and reported in such CBIs is critical for the evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to identify the range of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments collected and reported in multisectoral and multicomponent CBIs for obesity prevention in children. A systematic search updated an existing review and extended the search to 11 academic databases (2017-2023) and gray literature. Outcomes were classified into outcome domains, and common measurement instruments were summarized. Seventeen outcome domains from 140 unique outcomes were identified from 45 included interventions reported in 120 studies. The most frequently collected outcome domains included anthropometry and body composition (91% of included interventions), physical activity (84%), dietary intake (71%), environmental (71%), and sedentary behavior (62%). The most frequently collected outcomes from each of these domains included body mass index (89%), physical activity (73%), fruit and vegetable intake (58%), school environment (42%), and screen time (58%). Outcome measurement instruments varied, particularly for behavioral outcomes. Standardization of reported outcomes and measurement instruments is recommended to facilitate data harmonization and support quantifying broader benefits of CBIs for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Sultana
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Jacobs
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derin Karacabeyli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vicki Brown
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Amisu BO, Okesanya OJ, Adigun OA, Manirambona E, Ukoaka BM, Lawal OA, Idris NB, Olaleke NO, Okon II, Ogaya JB, Prisno DEL. Cholera resurgence in Africa: assessing progress, challenges, and public health response towards the 2030 global elimination target. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2024; 32:148-156. [PMID: 38827826 PMCID: PMC11142410 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Global efforts to combat epidemic cholera outbreaks have witnessed tremendous feats over the decades. However, sporadic outbreaks in regions, particularly across African states, mask these advancements. This regressive trend is frequently fuelled by factors retarding efforts towards optimal environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, which include ingesting infected food, drinking contaminated waters, and engaging in unhealthy environmental practices such as indiscriminate waste and sewage disposal and poor toilet practices. The ongoing efforts to achieve the Global Taskforce on Cholera Control (GTFCC) targets of a 90% reduction in cases and deaths by 2030, even in the wake of continuous outbreaks across various African regions, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) face a significant threat. One such effort, among others, is the AFRICHOL project, an enhanced cholera surveillance consortium launched in Africa over a decade ago as part of the GTFCC at WHO to monitor and fast-track the GTFCC's 2030 targets. It is tasked with supporting the implementation of research-based strategies for combating cholera in Africa. The prequalified oral cholera vaccines - Dukoral, Shanchol, and Euvichol - and those with recombinant DNA technology have also emerged as remarkable strides. In the face of this progress, challenges persist. Climate change, including extreme weather events and the lack of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, acts as a multiplier, amplifying existing challenges and hindering progress. Porous borders with inefficient disease surveillance networks among member states also facilitate the inter-territorial spread of the disease. Despite ongoing challenges, global targets are achievable provided strong institutional infrastructure and additional evidence-based public health initiatives are promulgated and enacted. The Global Roadmap to Ending Cholera Outbreaks by 2030 is a resourceful tool for advancing this fight and eradicating cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Olawunmi Amisu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uniosun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan John Okesanya
- Department of Public Health and Maritime Transport, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | | | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Okikiola Azeez Lawal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kwara State University, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Nimat Bola Idris
- Department of Public Health, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Noah Olabode Olaleke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Inibehe Ime Okon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Ahrens KA, Rossen LM, Milkowski C, Gelsinger C, Ziller E. Excess deaths associated with COVID-19 by rurality and demographic factors in the United States. J Rural Health 2024; 40:491-499. [PMID: 38082546 PMCID: PMC11164822 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate percent excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic by rural-urban residence in the United States and to describe rural-urban disparities by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. METHODS Using US mortality data, we used overdispersed Poisson regression models to estimate monthly expected death counts by rurality of residence, age group, sex, and race/ethnicity, and compared expected death counts with observed deaths. We then summarized excess deaths over 6 6-month time periods. FINDINGS There were 16.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.8, 17.0) more deaths than expected between March 2020 and February 2023. The percent excess varied by rurality (large central metro: 18.2% [18.1, 18.4], large fringe metro: 15.6% [15.5, 15.8], medium metro: 18.1% [18.0, 18.3], small metro: 15.5% [15.3, 15.7], micropolitan rural: 16.3% [16.1, 16.5], and noncore rural: 15.8% [15.6, 16.1]). The percent excess deaths were 20.2% (20.1, 20.3) for males and 13.6% (13.5, 13.7) for females, and highest for Hispanic persons (49% [49.0, 49.6]), followed by non-Hispanic Black persons (28% [27.5, 27.9]) and non-Hispanic White persons (12% [11.6, 11.8]). The 6-month time periods with the highest percent excess deaths for large central metro areas were March 2020-August 2020 and September 2020-February 2021; for all other areas, these time periods were September 2020-February 2021 and September 2021-February 2022. CONCLUSION Percent excess deaths varied by rurality, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and time period. Monitoring excess deaths by rurality may be useful in assessing the impact of the pandemic over time, as rural-urban patterns appear to differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Ahrens
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Lauren M. Rossen
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Carly Milkowski
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Catherine Gelsinger
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Erika Ziller
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA
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119
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Khan MN, Khanam SJ, Billah MA, Khan MMA, Islam MM. Children's sex composition and modern contraceptive use among mothers in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297658. [PMID: 38820268 PMCID: PMC11142447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stagnation and relatively low use of modern contraceptives are ongoing public health concerns in Bangladesh and other low- and middle-income countries. Although a cultural preference for sons may be linked to the current use of contraceptives, this linkage has not been adequately explored in the Bangladesh context. We investigated the effects of child sex composition on the current use of modern contraceptives. METHODS We extracted and analysed data from 17,333 women who participated in the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome variable was the current use of modern contraceptive methods. The study factor was the parity and sex composition of the living children. We used multilevel logistic regressions to determine the association between the study factor and outcome variables, adjusting for potential covariates at the individual-, household-, and community-levels. RESULTS Women with relatively high parity had higher odds of currently using modern contraceptives. Among the individual parities, compared to women with no live sons, women with one or more live sons were more likely to report currently using modern contraceptives. However, this association is significant for women up to three children. When examining both parity and children's sex composition in a regression model, in each parity category, the likelihood of using modern contraceptives tend to rise with an increasing number of sons compared to women with just one daughter. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that while the use of modern contraceptives by women increases with the increasing number of children and son preference is prevalent in Bangladesh, women also want to have a mixed composition of son and daughter. The study findings can be used in family planning programmes to customise contraceptive promotion and counselling messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shimlin Jahan Khanam
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Billah
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - M Mofizul Islam
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Thom J, Jonas B, Reitzle L, Mauz E, Hölling H, Schulz M. Trends in the Diagnostic Prevalence of Mental Disorders, 2012-2022. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 121:355-362. [PMID: 38686592 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2024.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluations by the statutory health insurance carriers in Germany have revealed a rising prevalence of diagnoses of mental disorders, at varying levels and to varying extents. For mental health surveillance purposes, we analyzed prevalence trends across health insurance carriers, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and stratified by diagnosis group, sex and age. METHODS Nationwide outpatient claims data of all statutorily insured individuals for the years 2012-2022 (Nmin = 68.7 million people, Nmax = 73.7 million people) were used to determine the diagnostic prevalence of mental disorders (ICD-10 F00-F99 and five selected diagnosis groups), with stratification by sex and age. Changes over time in the spectrum of all documented mental disorders are described. RESULTS Over the period 2012-2022, the percentage of people with outpatient diagnoses of mental disorders rose from 33.4% to 37.9% (a relative increase of 13.4%). In the selected diagnosis groups, the trends ranged from -11.6% to +115.8% and were generally steady over time, though stronger or stagnating trends were seen in some groups from 2020 onward. Diagnostic prevalence rose to a greater extent in male (+18.3%) than in female individuals (+10.8%) over the period 2012-2022. The greatest increases (> +15%) were seen among 11- to 17-yearolds and in 60- to 84-year-olds. The composition of the diagnosis spectrum was more stable in adults than in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Trends in diagnostic prevalence differ across mental disorders and population subgroups and have changed in some diagnosis groups since the COVID-19 pandemic. Contextualizing research is needed for a better understanding of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Thom
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring; Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany
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Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Naranjo-Lara P, Morales-Lapo E, Puglla-Mendoza A, Hidalgo MR, Tello-De-la-Torre A, Vásconez-González E, Izquierdo-Condoy N, Sánchez-Ordoñez D, Guerrero-Castillo GS, De la Rosa RF, Vinueza-Moreano P, Placencia-André R, Díaz MF, Ortiz-Prado E. E-cigarette use among Ecuadorian adults: A national cross-sectional study on use rates, perceptions, and associated factors. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-95. [PMID: 38828079 PMCID: PMC11141133 DOI: 10.18332/tid/187878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as a new paradigm in nicotine delivery systems. Although they are marketed as safer alternatives to tobacco, public perceptions of their safety and utility vary widely. This study aims to understand the percentage of use, factors associated, perceptions, and attitudes about e-cigarettes among Ecuadorian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the Ecuadorian population aged 18-65 years through a convenience sample, using a structured online questionnaire designed to collect responses from voluntary participants over three months, from February to April 2023. The questionnaire assessed the respondents' attitudes and perceptions towards e-cigarettes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and adjusted logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with e-cigarette use. RESULTS Out of a total of 3047 Ecuadorian adults, the percentage of e-cigarette ever use was 27.9% (n=850), with 19.4% being current users and 8.5% former users. A negative stance towards e-cigarettes was predominant, with 66.3% considering e-cigarette use a public health problem in Ecuador. A significant association was observed between e-cigarette use and perceived harmfulness (p<0.001). Among non-users, there was a predominant stance in favor of control measures and disapproval of e-cigarette use among minors (p<0.001). The factors associated with the use of electronic cigarettes included being health personnel (AOR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.26-1.80). Older age (aged >24 years) and a history of tobacco use were associated with lower e-cigarette use (current users, OR=0.31; 95% CI: 0.25-0.38; previous users, OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.18-0.28). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight a significant percentage of e-cigarette use among Ecuadorian adults, especially among younger groups. There is a need for comprehensive public health education about e-cigarettes in Ecuador. There is strong support from the public for control measures, suggesting the potential acceptability of regulations concerning e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Fernanda Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Thi Bui DH, Nguyen BX, Søndergaard J, Gammeltoft TM, Bygbjerg IC, Nielsen J, Meyrowitsch DW. Informal caregiving among people supporting a person with type 2 diabetes in rural communities of Northern Vietnam: A cross-sectional study of caregiver burdens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304821. [PMID: 38820495 PMCID: PMC11142696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Vietnam has doubled from 3% to 6% over the last decades, with potential consequences for persons with diabetes and their caregivers. This study aimed to assess caregiver burdens and factors associated with caregiver burden. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019, using data from 1,241 informal caregivers (ICGs). Caregiver burden was scored from 0-32 using 8 questions from the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Quantile regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with caregiver burden. RESULTS The median score of the ZBI was 7.0 (Q1-Q3: 2.0-10.0), indicating that the burden among caregiver of persons with T2DM is not high. Quantile regression showed that the higher the monthly income, the lower the burden among caregivers (50% quantile and 75% quantile of burden: -0.004). Lower educational level (25%Q: 4.0, 50%Q; 3.0, 75%Q: 2.16), being a farmer (25%Q: 2.0) and providing care to other people besides the person with T2DM (25%Q: 2.0, 50%Q; 2.54, 75%Q: 1.66) were associated with higher burden on caregivers. CONCLUSION The study found that caregivers facing additional life stressors, such as low income or other caregiving responsibilities, reported higher levels of burden. These findings could inform the development of interventions targeted at supporting informal caregivers in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bai Xuan Nguyen
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- The Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tine M. Gammeltoft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ib Christian Bygbjerg
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jannie Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dan Wolf Meyrowitsch
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Alwahaibi N, Al Maskari M, Al-Jaaidi S, Al Dhahli B, Al Issaei H, Al Bahlani S. COVID-19 in the Arab countries: Three-year study. F1000Res 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 38854702 PMCID: PMC11157493 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142541.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Twenty-two Arab countries share a common language, history, and culture. Nevertheless, governmental policies, healthcare systems, and resources differ from one Arab country to another. We have been following Coronavirus (COVID-19) from the beginning in each Arab country. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Arab world and to compare these findings with other significantly affected countries. Methods Websites of the World Health Organization, World COVID-vaccinations tracker, Worldometer, and Ministries of Health were used to extract COVID-19 data in all Arab countries between the period January 2020 to December 2022. Results All Arab countries had 14,218,042 total confirmed COVID-19 cases, 13,384,924 total recovered cases and 173,544 total related deaths. The trend demonstrated that the third quarter of 2021 recorded the highest death toll and the first quarter of 2022 recorded the highest number of confirmed and recovered cases. Compared to the top 15 affected countries, the Arab world ranked last as it had the lowest overall incidence per million population (PMP) of 31,609. The data on total deaths PMP showed that India had the lowest number of deaths with only 377 cases followed by the Arab world with 386 cases. Conclusions Although the number of confirmed, death, and recovered cases of COVID-19 have greatly reduced in the last quarter of 2022 in most Arab countries, many Arab countries still need to re-campaign about COVID-19 vaccines and raise awareness programs about boosters. COVID-19 has had a relatively smaller impact on Arab countries than on other countries that have been significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Alwahaibi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Muna Al Maskari
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Samiya Al-Jaaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Buthaina Al Dhahli
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Halima Al Issaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
| | - Shadia Al Bahlani
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman
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Bates A, Letton ME, Arnold R, Lambert K. Barriers and enablers to exercise in kidney transplant recipients: Systematic review of qualitative studies. J Ren Care 2024. [PMID: 38806247 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has the potential to reduce the susceptibility to comorbidity and cardiovascular disease in kidney transplant recipients. However, kidney transplant recipients report lower levels of exercise compared to the general population, prompting an investigation into the barriers and enablers to exercise in this transplant cohort. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to explore and map the barriers and enablers to exercise in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS Seven electronic databases were systematically searched. Themes were synthesised and then deductively categorised using the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the review. Commonly reported barriers to exercise were lack of exercise guidance (n = 9 studies), physical limitations (n = 5 studies) and a fear of harming the kidney (n = 7 studies). Enablers were a desire to return to normality (n = 5 studies), physical and mental benefits (n = 3 studies), goal setting and tracking improvements (n = 3 studies). At the local level, barriers identified by kidney transplant recipients were a lack of knowledge, fear of injuring the kidney, bad weather and physical limitations. Perceived enablers were already living an active lifestyle, mental benefits, exercise preferences and social support. CONCLUSION Key findings of this research were an increased demand for specific/explicit exercise information regarding type and intensity, and personalised guidance and support for kidney transplant recipients after transplantation. These findings can be used to inform the development of exercise resources and interventions for kidney transplant recipients and their health care professionals within the local community and at a greater level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bates
- School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meg E Letton
- School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Concord Repatriation and General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous & Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Le A, Ali S, Blackburn CC, Ruyle L, Hernandez J, Abarca F, Arroniz A, Rivera S, Jerman K, Kashyap N, Davila E, Ortega K, Zavala Y. Dengue Treatment-Seeking Behavior: A Qualitative Study With Costa Rican Residents. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024:10901981241254073. [PMID: 38780060 DOI: 10.1177/10901981241254073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Treatment-seeking behavior (TSB) in relation to dengue infection is a critical aspect of public health, and understanding the factors that influence it is crucial for effective disease management. This research delves into key determinants of dengue TSB by examining the perceptions and behaviors of individuals in Costa Rica, in relation to the Health Belief Model (HBM). This study utilized naturalistic inquiry and incorporated a qualitative research design involving nine students organized into four teams, with at least one student on each team with high Spanish fluency. In total, we initiated 102 semi-structured field interviews with Costa Rican residents in four communities. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded in several cycles using MAXQDA 2022©. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes using an inductive approach. We found that several HBM themes influenced dengue TSB among participants. Self-treatment was the most common initial step in managing dengue. Perceived inaccessibility of health care services and perceived ineffective treatment options discouraged medical care-seeking. Ultimately, the prevalence of self-treatment practices suggests a need for interventions that emphasize the importance of timely professional medical attention, while addressing real barriers and perceptions of existing health care services as inaccessible and ineffective. These findings provide a key perspective on dengue TSB, guiding future public health strategies aimed at optimizing health-seeking behaviors and mitigating the negative impacts of dengue on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Le
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sara Ali
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Leslie Ruyle
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Hernandez
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Farid Abarca
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Araceli Arroniz
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanny Rivera
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kaylee Jerman
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Neha Kashyap
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Edward Davila
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn Ortega
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yesenia Zavala
- Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
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Jesson J, Zulu B, Closson K, Basham CA, Beksinska M, Dong E, Zharima C, Singh R, Pakhomova T, Dietrich J, Kaida A. Increased difficulty accessing food and income change during the COVID-19 pandemic among youth living in the eThekwini district, South Africa. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e145. [PMID: 38778712 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of income change on difficulty accessing food since the COVID-19 pandemic for South African youth and evaluate whether this effect was modified by receiving social grants. DESIGN A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022. Primary outcome was increased difficulty accessing food since the COVID-19 pandemic. Income change was categorised as 'Decreased a lot', 'Decreased slightly' and 'Unchanged or increased'. Multivariable logistic regressions were used, with an interaction term between social grant receipt and income change. SETTING eThekwini district, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS Youth aged 16-24 years. RESULTS Among 1,620 participants, median age was 22 years (IQR 19-24); 861 (53 %) were women; 476 (29 %) reported increased difficulty accessing food; 297 (18 %) reported that income decreased a lot, of whom 149 (50 %) did not receive social grants. Experiencing a large income decrease was highly associated with increased difficulty accessing food during the COVID-19 pandemic (adjusted OR [aOR] 3·63, 95 % CI 2·70, 4·88). The aOR for the effect of a large income decrease on difficulty accessing food, compared to no income change, were 1·49 (95 % CI 0·98, 2·28) among participants receiving social grants, and 6·63 (95 % CI 4·39, 9·99) among participants not receiving social grants. CONCLUSIONS While social grant support made a great difference in lowering the effect of income decrease on difficulty accessing food, it was insufficient to fully protect youth from those difficulties. In post-pandemic recovery efforts, there is a critical need to support youth through economic empowerment programming and food schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jesson
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in POPulation Health (CERPOP), Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bongiwe Zulu
- MRU (MatCH Research Unit), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kalysha Closson
- Center of Gender Equity and Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - C Andrew Basham
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mags Beksinska
- MRU (MatCH Research Unit), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Erica Dong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Campion Zharima
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Social Sciences Unit of Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rishav Singh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Pakhomova
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Janan Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Social Sciences Unit of Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Daba C, Asmare L, Demeke Bayou F, Arefaynie M, Mohammed A, Tareke AA, Keleb A, Kebede N, Tsega Y, Endawkie A, Kebede SD, Mesfin K, Abeje ET, Bekele Enyew E. Exposure to indoor air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1356830. [PMID: 38841656 PMCID: PMC11151685 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1356830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to indoor air pollution such as biomass fuel and particulate matter is a significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, there is limited information about the association between indoor air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between indoor air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes in low and middle-income countries. Methods International electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Global Health, African Journals Online, HINARI, Semantic Scholar, and Google and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant articles. The study was conducted according to the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A random effect model at a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the association between indoor air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes using STATA version 14. Funnel plot and Higgs I2 statistics were used to determine the publication bias and heterogeneity of the included studies, respectively. Results A total of 30 articles with 2,120,228 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled association between indoor air pollution exposure and at least one adverse pregnancy outcome was 15.5% (95%CI: 12.6-18.5), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 100%; p < 0.001). Exposure to indoor air pollution increased the risk of small for gestational age by 23.7% (95%CI: 8.2-39.3) followed by low birth weight (17.7%; 95%CI: 12.9-22.5). Exposure to biomass fuel (OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.12-1.2), particulate matter (OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.25-1.31), and kerosene (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.09-1.66) were factors associated with developing at least one adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions We found that more than one in seven pregnant women exposed to indoor air pollution had at least one adverse pregnancy outcome. Specifically, exposure to particulate matter, biomass fuel, and kerosene were determinant factors for developing at least one adverse pregnancy outcome. Therefore, urgent comprehensive health intervention should be implemented in the area to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chala Daba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lakew Asmare
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Fekade Demeke Bayou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Arefaynie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Anissa Mohammed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abiyu Abadi Tareke
- Amref Health in Africa, West Gondar Zonal Health Department, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Keleb
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Kebede
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yawkal Tsega
- Department of Health System and Management, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Endawkie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Shimels Derso Kebede
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Mesfin
- Department of Health System and Management, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Tilahun Abeje
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Bekele Enyew
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Beaumont JD, Ioannou E, Harish K, Elewendu N, Corrigan N, Nield L. "We're one small piece of the puzzle": evaluating the impact of short-term funding for tier two weight management services. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1381079. [PMID: 38841679 PMCID: PMC11150676 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1381079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overweight and obesity are a global health epidemic and many attempts have been made to address the rising prevalence. In March 2021 the UK government announced £100 million of additional funding for weight management provisions. Of this, £30.5 million was split across local authorities in England to support the expansion of tier two behavioural weight management services for adults. The present work aimed to explore how this funding was used within the Yorkshire and Humber region to consolidate learning, collate best practice, and provide recommendations for future funding use. Method One-hour semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 weight management service commissioners representing 9 of the 15 local authorities in the region. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using an established health inequality framework. From this, recommendations were co-developed with the commissioner group to establish best practice for future funding use. Results Commissioners recognised that targeted weight management services were only one small piece of the puzzle for effectively managing obesity. Therefore, recommendations include targeting underserved communities, focussing on early prevention, addressing weight management in a whole systems context, and embracing innovative and holistic approaches to weight management. Discussion Current short-term funding and restrictive commissioning processes of tier two services prevents sustainable and innovative weight management practice which is detrimental to patients, falls short of addressing health inequalities and negatively impacts staff health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Beaumont
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elysa Ioannou
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Harish
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nnedinma Elewendu
- College of Social Sciences and Arts, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Corrigan
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, Blenheim House, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Nield
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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McKetta S, Hoatson T, Hughes LD, Everett BG, Haneuse S, Austin SB, Hughes TL, Charlton BM. Disparities in Mortality by Sexual Orientation in a Large, Prospective Cohort of Female Nurses. JAMA 2024; 331:1638-1645. [PMID: 38662342 PMCID: PMC11046401 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Importance Extensive evidence documents health disparities for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) women, including worse physical, mental, and behavioral health than heterosexual women. These factors have been linked to premature mortality, yet few studies have investigated premature mortality disparities among LGB women and whether they differ by lesbian or bisexual identity. Objective To examine differences in mortality by sexual orientation. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study examined differences in time to mortality across sexual orientation, adjusting for birth cohort. Participants were female nurses born between 1945 and 1964, initially recruited in the US in 1989 for the Nurses' Health Study II, and followed up through April 2022. Exposures Sexual orientation (lesbian, bisexual, or heterosexual) assessed in 1995. Main Outcome and Measure Time to all-cause mortality from assessment of exposure analyzed using accelerated failure time models. Results Among 116 149 eligible participants, 90 833 (78%) had valid sexual orientation data. Of these 90 833 participants, 89 821 (98.9%) identified as heterosexual, 694 (0.8%) identified as lesbian, and 318 (0.4%) identified as bisexual. Of the 4227 deaths reported, the majority were among heterosexual participants (n = 4146; cumulative mortality of 4.6%), followed by lesbian participants (n = 49; cumulative mortality of 7.0%) and bisexual participants (n = 32; cumulative mortality of 10.1%). Compared with heterosexual participants, LGB participants had earlier mortality (adjusted acceleration factor, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.64-0.84]). These differences were greatest among bisexual participants (adjusted acceleration factor, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.51-0.78]) followed by lesbian participants (adjusted acceleration factor, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.95]). Conclusions and Relevance In an otherwise largely homogeneous sample of female nurses, participants identifying as lesbian or bisexual had markedly earlier mortality during the study period compared with heterosexual women. These differences in mortality timing highlight the urgency of addressing modifiable risks and upstream social forces that propagate and perpetuate disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKetta
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tabor Hoatson
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Landon D. Hughes
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sebastien Haneuse
- Department of Biostatistics, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tonda L. Hughes
- Center for Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research, School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Brittany M. Charlton
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mehta V, Ajmera P, Kalra S, Miraj M, Gallani R, Shaik RA, Serhan HA, Sah R. Human resource shortage in India's health sector: a scoping review of the current landscape. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1368. [PMID: 38773422 PMCID: PMC11110446 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For healthcare delivery to be optimally effective, health systems must possess adequate levels and we must ensure a fair distribution of human resources aimed at healthcare facilities. We conducted a scoping review to map the current state of human resources for health (HRH) in India and the reasons behind its shortage. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in various electronic databases, from the earliest available date till February 2024. We applied a uniform analytical framework to all the primary research reports and adopted the "descriptive-analytical" method from the narrative paradigm. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to arrange the retrieved data into categories based on related themes after creating a chart of HRH problems. RESULTS A total of 9675 articles were retrieved for this review. 88 full texts were included for the final data analysis. The shortage was addressed in 30.6% studies (n = 27) whereas 69.3% of studies (n = 61) addressed reasons for the shortage. The thematic analysis of data regarding reasons for the shortage yielded five kinds of HRH-related problems such as inadequate HRH production, job dissatisfaction, brain drain, regulatory issues, and lack of training, monitoring, and evaluation that were causing a scarcity of HRH in India. CONCLUSION There has been a persistent shortage and inequitable distribution of human resources in India with the rural expert cadres experiencing the most severe shortage. The health department needs to establish a productive recruitment system if long-term solutions are to be achieved. It is important to address the slow and sporadic nature of the recruitment system and the issue of job insecurity among medical officers, which in turn affects their other employment benefits, such as salary, pension, and recognition for the years of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vini Mehta
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India.
| | - Puneeta Ajmera
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Kalra
- School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Riyaz Ahamed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem Abu Serhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India.
- SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur, Siraha, Nepal.
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Johnson KJ, O’Connell CP, Waken RJ, Barnes JM. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening in a large midwestern United States academic medical center. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303280. [PMID: 38768115 PMCID: PMC11104587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to breast screening mammogram services decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objectives were to estimate: 1) the COVID-19 affected period, 2) the proportion of pandemic-associated missed or delayed screening encounters, and 3) pandemic-associated patient attrition in screening encounters overall and by sociodemographic subgroup. METHODS We included screening mammogram encounter EPIC data from 1-1-2019 to 12-31-2022 for females ≥40 years old. We used Bayesian State Space models to describe weekly screening mammogram counts, modeling an interruption that phased in and out between 3-1-2020 and 9-1-2020. We used the posterior predictive distribution to model differences between a predicted, uninterrupted process and the observed screening mammogram counts. We estimated associations between race/ethnicity and age group and return screening mammogram encounters during the pandemic among those with 2019 encounters using logistic regression. RESULTS Our analysis modeling weekly screening mammogram counts included 231,385 encounters (n = 127,621 women). Model-estimated screening mammograms dropped by >98% between 03-15-2020 and 05-24-2020 followed by a return to pre-pandemic levels or higher with similar results by race/ethnicity and age group. Among 79,257 women, non-Hispanic (NH) Asians, NH Blacks, and Hispanics had significantly (p < .05) lower odds of screening encounter returns during 2020-2022 vs. NH Whites with odds ratios (ORs) from 0.70 to 0.91. Among 79,983 women, those 60-69 had significantly higher odds of any return screening encounter during 2020-2022 (OR = 1.28), while those ≥80 and 40-49 had significantly lower odds (ORs 0.77, 0.45) than those 50-59 years old. A sensitivity analysis suggested a possible pre-existing pattern. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a short-term pandemic effect on screening mammograms of ~2 months with no evidence of disparities. However, we observed racial/ethnic disparities in screening mammogram returns during the pandemic that may be at least partially pre-existing. These results may inform future pandemic planning and continued efforts to eliminate mammogram screening disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J. Johnson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Caitlin P. O’Connell
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - R. J. Waken
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Advancing Health Services, Policy & Economics Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Barnes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Obasohan PE, Walters SJ, Jacques RM, Khatab K. The Intersection of a Child's Demographics and Household Socioeconomic Status in the Multimorbidity of Malaria, Anaemia, and Malnutrition among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:645. [PMID: 38791859 PMCID: PMC11120798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Multimorbidity of malaria, anemia, and malnutrition (MAMM) is a condition in which an individual has two or more of these health conditions, and is becoming an emergent public health concern in sub-Saharan African countries. The independent associations of a child's demographic variables and household socioeconomic (HSE) disparities with a child's health outcomes have been established in the literature. However, the effects of the intersection of these factors on MAMM, while accounting for other covariates, have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how children's sex, age, and household socioeconomic status interact to explain the variations in MAMM among children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria. Data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and the 2018 National Human Development Report (NHDR) were used. This study included weighted samples of 10,184 children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria. A three-level multilevel mixed effect ordinal logistic regression model was used, such that individual characteristics at level 1 were nested in communities at level 2 and nested in states at level 3. Subsequently, predictive probability charts and average adjusted probability tables were used to interpret the intersectional effects. Five models were created in this scenario. Model 1 is the interaction between the child's sex and household wealth status; model 2 is the interaction between the child's sex and age; model 3 is the interaction between the child's age and household wealth status; model 4 has the three two-way interactions of the child's sex, age, and household wealth status; and model 5 includes model 4 and the three-way interactions between a child's sex, age, and household wealth quintiles; while accounting for other covariates in each of the models. The prevalence of children with a 'none of the three diseases' outcome was 17.3% (1767/10,184), while 34.4% (3499/10,184) had 'only one of the diseases', and 48.3% (4918/10,184) had 'two or more' MAMMs. However, in the multivariate analyses, model 3 was the best fit compared with other models, so the two-way interaction effects of a child's age and household wealth status are significant predictors in the model. Children aged 36-47 months living in the poorest households had a probability of 0.11, 0.18, and 0.32 of existing with MAMM above the probability of children of the same age who live in the middle class, more prosperous, and richest households, respectively, while all other covariates were held constant. Thus, the variation in the prevalence of MAMM in children of different ages differs depending on the household wealth quintile. In other words, in older children, the variations in MAMM become more evident between the richer and the poorer household quintiles. Therefore, it is recommended that policies that are geared toward economic redistribution will help bridge the disparities observed in the prevalence of multiple diseases among children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK; (S.J.W.); (R.M.J.)
- Department of Liberal Studies, College of Administrative and Business Studies, Niger State Polytechnic, Bida Campus, Bida 912231, Nigeria
| | - Stephen J. Walters
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK; (S.J.W.); (R.M.J.)
| | - Richard M. Jacques
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AD, UK; (S.J.W.); (R.M.J.)
| | - Khaled Khatab
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK;
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Filippatos F, Tatsi EB, Dourdouna MM, Zoumakis E, Margeli A, Syriopoulou V, Michos A. SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology and Antibody Levels in Children during BA.5 Predominance Period. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1039. [PMID: 38786337 PMCID: PMC11120608 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological study in a pediatric population (0-16 years) during the BA.5 Omicron predominance period in the Athens metropolitan area. Serum samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies (Abs-N), representing natural infection during three periods of BA.5 predominance: 1 May 2022-31 August 2022 (period A), 1 September 2022-31 December 2022 (period B), and July 2023 (period C). Εpidemiological data were also collected. Additionally, in period C, Abs-N-seronegative samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (Abs-S). A total of 878 children were tested (males: 52.6%), with a median age (IQR) of 96 (36-156) months; the number of cases of seropositivity during the three periods were as follows: A: 292/417 (70%), B: 288/356 (80.9%), and C: 89/105 (84.8%), with p < 0.001. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity increased from period A to C for children 0-1 year (p = 0.044), >1-4 years (p = 0.028), and >6-12 years (p = 0.003). Children > 6-12 years had the highest seropositivity rates in all periods (A: 77.3%, B: 91.4%, and C: 95.8%). A significant correlation of monthly median Abs-N titers with monthly seropositivity rates was detected (rs: 0.812, p = 0.008). During period C, 12/105 (11.4%) Abs-S-seropositive and Abs-N-seronegative samples were detected and total seropositivity was estimated at 96.2% (101/105). The findings of this study indicate a high SARS-CoV-2 exposure rate of children during the BA.5 predominance period and suggest that in future seroepidemiological studies, both antibodies should be tested in Abs-N-seronegative populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Filippatos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria-Myrto Dourdouna
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Emmanouil Zoumakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Margeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (F.F.); (E.-B.T.); (M.-M.D.); (E.Z.); (A.M.)
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Kim EJ, Byun M. Factors Affecting Adherence to Social Distancing among Adults Aged 19-44 Years: Insights from a Nationwide Survey during COVID-19 Pandemic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:827. [PMID: 38793010 PMCID: PMC11122991 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Before COVID-19 vaccinations became available, adhering to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), like social distancing (SD), wearing masks, and hand hygiene, were crucial to mitigating viral spread. Many studies reported that younger individuals were more reluctant to follow these measures compared with older ones. We hypothesized that it would be worthwhile to find factors that influenced SD compliance among young people during the pre-vaccination phase of a pandemic. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data of adults aged 19-44 from the 2020 South Korean Community Health Survey and compared socio-demographic, health-related behavioral, and psychological factors between compliant and non-compliant cohorts. Results: A total of 59,943 participants were enrolled and we found that older age groups (30-39 and 40-44) and safety concerns (such as viral infection, virus-related death, economic damage, and transmitting virus to vulnerable people) were significantly associated with adherence to SD. Conversely, participants who were not living with a spouse, were unable to stay at home despite symptoms, smoked, drank, and had a negative attitude toward government policy statistically correlated with non-compliance. Conclusions: In times when NPIs were the primary defense against the pandemic, it is essential to identify factors that positively or negatively affect individual compliance with them, especially among young people. Using a large-scale, well-designed national survey, we could gain insights into the early recognition of risk factors for non-compliance and appropriate follow-up interventions (i.e., education campaigns, clear communication of public guidelines, and implementation of guidelines), which will help people to avoid suffering from other waves of future infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Seoil College, Seoul 02192, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mikyong Byun
- Department of Nursing, Deajeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300716, Republic of Korea
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135
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Huang Y. A critical narrative questioning the assessment of physical literacy: foster authentic human flourishing across the life course. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1353386. [PMID: 38827781 PMCID: PMC11140074 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1353386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The study provides a summary, reflection, and clarification on the existing literature amid the recent rise in physical literacy assessment through a critical narrative that will contribute to future developments. In this review, the author addressed the significance of acknowledging the ultimate goal of assessing physical literacy throughout the life course is to foster authentic human flourishing. The study questioned the assessment practice in detail by discussing whether it is to translate and validate or to establish locally and to quantify or to specify qualitatively. The current tendency of a comprehensive dimension but not an inclusive journey was found. Subject to limitation, the merits of this study still stand and, moreover, further point to valuable areas for further inquiry that may refine and foster physical literacy and authentic human flourishing across the life course. And based on the arguments, future direction and recommendations when conducting assessment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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136
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Negesse A, Girma T, Desalegn BB, Kerac M, Berhane M. The epidemiology and associated factors of non-exclusive breastfeeding: a comparative cross-sectional study of livelihood-secure and insecure areas. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1347780. [PMID: 38826580 PMCID: PMC11141399 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1347780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regardless of national commitment, non-exclusive breastfeeding (NEBF) is a public health problem that worsens over time. It can be associated with sociodemographic, economic, and environmental factors and may vary depending on livelihood security. Hence, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of NEBF and identify its associated factors by considering two areas with varied degrees of livelihood security. Methods This study represented a comparative cross-sectional survey of 1,060 under 6 months (u6m) infant-mother pairs. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were evaluated using STATA version 17 packages. A binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of NEBF. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the significance of the association at a p-value of <0.05. Results The pooled magnitude of 51% of NEBF mothers (95% CI: 48.0, 54.0) was 53.1% (95% CI: 49.2, 57.0) and 48.1% (95% CI: 43.4, 52.8) in livelihood-secure and livelihood-insecure areas, respectively. The lack of recollecting the infant's birth date by mothers (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.15-4.40) had the highest odds of NEBF while household heads with tertiary education (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.01-0.54) and the poorest households (AOR = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.20-0.82) had the lowest odds of NEBF in livelihood-secure areas but not in livelihood-insecure areas. Moreover, mothers with male infants (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.18-2.92) had high odds of NEBF in livelihood-insecure areas but not in livelihood-secure areas. Infants of 2 to less than 4-month-old (AOR = 8.5; 95% CI = 3.47-18.63) and 4 to less than 6-month-old (AOR = 22.2; 95% CI = 8.02-51.97) in livelihood-secure areas and infants of 2 to less than 4-month-old (AOR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.29-11.67) and 4 to less than 6-month-old (AOR = 8.3; 95% CI = 2.44-22.39) in livelihood-insecure areas had high odds of NEBF. Conclusion Over half of the mothers were practicing NEBF, which represents a failure to meet national and international targets. Area vulnerability to livelihood security modifies factors of NEBF. Male infants in insecure areas, infants of unknown age in secure areas, and infants aged 2 months or older, regardless of setting, were more vulnerable to NEBF. However, households with the lowest wealth and higher household head educational status in livelihood-secure areas were less vulnerable to NEBF. Hence, livelihood-based interventions targeting mothers of 2 to less than 6-month-old infants, with emphasis on these factors, may help address and reduce NEBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenew Negesse
- Academic center of Excellence in Human Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology (SNFST), Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tsinuel Girma
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- University of British Colombia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beruk Berhanu Desalegn
- Academic center of Excellence in Human Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology (SNFST), Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Marko Kerac
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Melkamu Berhane
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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137
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Lam A, Keenan K, Myrskylä M, Kulu H. Multimorbid life expectancy across race, socio-economic status, and sex in South Africa. POPULATION STUDIES 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38753590 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2024.2331447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Multimorbidity is increasing globally as populations age. However, it is unclear how long individuals live with multimorbidity and how it varies by social and economic factors. We investigate this in South Africa, whose apartheid history further complicates race, socio-economic, and sex inequalities. We introduce the term 'multimorbid life expectancy' (MMLE) to describe the years lived with multimorbidity. Using data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study (2008-17) and incidence-based multistate Markov modelling, we find that females experience higher MMLE than males (17.3 vs 9.8 years), and this disparity is consistent across all race and education groups. MMLE is highest among Asian/Indian people and the post-secondary educated relative to other groups and lowest among African people. These findings suggest there are associations between structural inequalities and MMLE, highlighting the need for health-system and educational policies to be implemented in a way proportional to each group's level of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lam
- University of St Andrews
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
| | | | - Mikko Myrskylä
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
- University of Helsinki
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Woelk G, Maphosa T, Machekano R, Chauma-Mwale A, Makonokaya L, Zimba SB, Chamanga RK, Nyirenda R, Auld A, Kim E, Sampathkumar V, Ahimbisibwe A, Kalitera L, Kim L, Maida A. Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in Malawi using telephone syndromic surveillance from July 2020 to April 2022. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014941. [PMID: 38754899 PMCID: PMC11097830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in low-resource countries such as Malawi requires cost-effective surveillance strategies. This study explored the potential utility of phone-based syndromic surveillance in terms of its reach, monitoring trends in reported SARS-CoV-2-like/influenza-like symptoms (CLS/ILS), SARS-CoV-2 testing and mortality. METHODS Mobile phone-based interviews were conducted between 1 July 2020 and 30 April 2022, using a structured questionnaire. Randomly digital dialled numbers were used to reach individuals aged ≥18 years who spoke Chichewa or English. Verbal consent was obtained, and trained research assistants with clinical and nursing backgrounds collected information on age, sex, region of residence, reported CLS/ILS in the preceding 2 weeks, SARS-CoV-2 testing and history of household illness and death. Data were captured on tablets using the Open Data Kit database. We performed a descriptive analysis and presented the frequencies and proportions with graphical representations over time. FINDINGS Among 356 525 active phone numbers, 138 751 (38.9%) answered calls, of which 104 360 (75.2%) were eligible, 101 617 (97.4%) consented to participate, and 100 160 (98.6%) completed the interview. Most survey respondents were aged 25-54 years (72.7%) and male (65.1%). The regional distribution of the respondents mirrored the regional population distribution, with 45% (44%) in the southern region, 41% (43%) in the central region and 14% (13%) in the northern region. The reported SARS-CoV2 positivity rate was 11.5% (107/934). Of the 7298 patients who reported CLS/ILS, 934 (12.8%) reported having undergone COVID-19 testing. Of the reported household deaths, 47.2% (982 individuals) experienced CLS/ILS 2 weeks before their death. CONCLUSION Telephonic surveillance indicated that the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases was at least twice as high as the number of confirmed cases in Malawi. Our findings also suggest a substantial under-reporting of SARS-CoV-2-related deaths. Telephonic surveillance has proven feasible in Malawi, achieving the ability to characterise SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality trends in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Woelk
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thulani Maphosa
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Rhoderick Machekano
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | - Suzgo B Zimba
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Rose Nyirenda
- Ministry of Health Department of HIV and AIDS, Lilongwe, Central Region, Malawi
| | - Andrew Auld
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and TB, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Evelyn Kim
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and TB, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | | | - Lindsay Kim
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and TB, Lilongwe, Malawi
- US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice Maida
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV and TB, Lilongwe, Malawi
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139
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Mbulu CO, Yang L, Wallen GR. Adolescent pregnancy persists in Nigeria: Does household heads' age matter? PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003212. [PMID: 38748678 PMCID: PMC11095715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
About 700,000 pregnant youths die each year in developing countries. To determine whether the persistent adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria between 2013 and 2018 was influenced by proximal factors, particularly household head age, we carried out a cross-sectional study on adolescent girls that participated in the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Age of first birth, residence type, age, and gender of household heads was collected using a 2018 standardized NDHS. Multiple logistic regression was performed to test for associations. We analyzed 8,448 adolescents who had experienced pregnancy during the study period. The results demonstrated that girls with male household heads aged 45 and older have lower odds of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 0.619; 95% CI = 0.447, 0.856; p = 0.004 compared to those with female household heads in the same age group. Girls with male household heads in three younger age groups have higher odds of adolescent pregnancy than those with female household heads in the corresponding age group (15-24: OR = 1.719, 95% CI = 1.042, 2.835, p = 0.034; 25-34: OR = 4.790, 95% CI = 1.986, 11.551, p < 0.001; 35-44: OR = 2.080, 95% CI = 1.302, 3.323, p = 0.002). Girls with household heads aged in the 15-24 and 25-34 groups had higher odds of adolescent pregnancy compared to those with household heads aged 45 and older. Higher odds of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria were found among girls with household heads aged in the 15-24 and 25-34 groups compared to those with household heads aged 45 and older. Although girls with younger male household heads are at an increased risk nationally, those living in the rural areas with younger household heads are at an even higher risk for adolescent pregnancy. Therefore, levels of socioecological model must be considered in planning for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Otado Mbulu
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Bethesda, Maryland, United States America
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Bethesda, Maryland, United States America
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Bethesda, Maryland, United States America
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Sokołowska B, Świderski W, Smolis-Bąk E, Sokołowska E, Sadura-Sieklucka T. A machine learning approach to evaluate the impact of virtual balance/cognitive training on fall risk in older women. Front Comput Neurosci 2024; 18:1390208. [PMID: 38808222 PMCID: PMC11130377 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2024.1390208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Novel technologies based on virtual reality (VR) are creating attractive virtual environments with high ecological value, used both in basic/clinical neuroscience and modern medical practice. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of VR-based training in an elderly population. Materials and methods The study included 36 women over the age of 60, who were randomly divided into two groups subjected to balance-strength and balance-cognitive training. The research applied both conventional clinical tests, such as (a) the Timed Up and Go test, (b) the five-times sit-to-stand test, and (c) the posturographic exam with the Romberg test with eyes open and closed. Training in both groups was conducted for 10 sessions and embraced exercises on a bicycle ergometer and exercises using non-immersive VR created by the ActivLife platform. Machine learning methods with a k-nearest neighbors classifier, which are very effective and popular, were proposed to statistically evaluate the differences in training effects in the two groups. Results and conclusion The study showed that training using VR brought beneficial improvement in clinical tests and changes in the pattern of posturographic trajectories were observed. An important finding of the research was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of falls in the study population. The use of virtual environments in exercise/training has great potential in promoting healthy aging and preventing balance loss and falls among seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sokołowska
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Świderski
- Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Smolis-Bąk
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sokołowska
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Teresa Sadura-Sieklucka
- Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
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141
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Shi JM, Chiu VY, Avila CC, Lewis S, Park D, Peltier MR, Getahun D. Coding of Childhood Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Electronic Health Records of a Large Integrated Health Care System: Validation Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e56812. [PMID: 38771217 PMCID: PMC11107768 DOI: 10.2196/56812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders are chronic pediatric conditions, and their prevalence has been on the rise over recent decades. Affected children have long-term health sequelae and a decline in health-related quality of life. Due to the lack of a validated database for pharmacoepidemiological research on selected mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, there is uncertainty in their reported prevalence in the literature. objectives We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of coding related to pediatric mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in a large integrated health care system's electronic health records (EHRs) and compare the coding quality before and after the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) coding as well as before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Medical records of 1200 member children aged 2-17 years with at least 1 clinical visit before the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014, the ICD-9-CM coding period; and January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, the ICD-10-CM coding period) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022) were selected with stratified random sampling from EHRs for chart review. Two trained research associates reviewed the EHRs for all potential cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AD), and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) in children during the study period. Children were considered cases only if there was a mention of any one of the conditions (yes for diagnosis) in the electronic chart during the corresponding time period. The validity of diagnosis codes was evaluated by directly comparing them with the gold standard of chart abstraction using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, the summary statistics of the F-score, and Youden J statistic. κ statistic for interrater reliability among the 2 abstractors was calculated. Results The overall agreement between the identification of mental, behavioral, and emotional conditions using diagnosis codes compared to medical record abstraction was strong and similar across the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding periods as well as during the prepandemic and pandemic time periods. The performance of AD coding, while strong, was relatively lower compared to the other conditions. The weighted sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each of the 5 conditions were as follows: 100%, 100%, 99.2%, and 100%, respectively, for ASD; 100%, 99.9%, 99.2%, and 100%, respectively, for ADHD; 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively for DBD; 87.7%, 100%, 100%, and 99.2%, respectively, for AD; and 100%, 100%, 99.2%, and 100%, respectively, for MDD. The F-score and Youden J statistic ranged between 87.7% and 100%. The overall agreement between abstractors was almost perfect (κ=95%). Conclusions Diagnostic codes are quite reliable for identifying selected childhood mental, behavioral, and emotional conditions. The findings remained similar during the pandemic and after the implementation of the ICD-10-CM coding in the EHR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiao M Shi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Vicki Y Chiu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Chantal C Avila
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Sierra Lewis
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Daniella Park
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Morgan R Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, United States
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Guiriguet C, Alberny M, Mora N, Rebagliato O, Roca C, Fina F, Fàbregas M, Benítez M, de la Poza M, Medina M, Flayeh S, Pedrazas D, Sabatés M, Coma E. Sexually transmitted infections, the epidemic that persists after the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of the primary care electronic health records covering about 5 million people in Catalonia. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:150. [PMID: 38704552 PMCID: PMC11069189 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study is to analyse the trends in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted an observational retrospective population-based study using data from primary care electronic health records spanning from January 2016 to December 2022 (involving 5.1 million people older than 14 years). We described the daily number of new STI diagnoses from 2016 to 2022; as well as the monthly accumulation of new STI diagnoses for each year. We compared the monthly averages of new diagnoses in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 using the T-test. Finally, we performed a segmented regression analysis of the daily number of STI diagnoses. RESULTS We analysed 200,676 new STI diagnoses. The number of diagnoses abruptly decreased coinciding with the lockdown. Overall in 2020, we observed a reduction of 15%, with higher reductions for specific STIs such as gonorrhoea (-21%), chlamydia (-24%), and HIV (-31%) compared to 2019. Following this drastic drop, which was temporarily associated with the lockdown, we observed a rapid rebound. In 2021, the number of STI diagnoses was similar to that of 2019. Notably, we found a considerable increase in 2022, particularly for non-specific STI, which lack laboratory confirmation (67% increase). HIV was the only STI with a reduction of up to -38% in diagnoses at the end of 2022 compared to 2019. CONCLUSIONS After a significant reduction in 2020, the number of STIs recorded in primary care rapidly rebounded, and the current trend is similar to that of 2019, except for HIV. These findings underscore the dynamic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on STI diagnoses and highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring and public health interventions in the post-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Guiriguet
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain.
- Gotic Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Alberny
- Medical Management of Primary Care Services, STI/HIV Area, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mora
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Rebagliato
- Gotic Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Roca
- El Clot Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Fina
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Fàbregas
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mència Benítez
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
- Gotic Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariam de la Poza
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctor Carles Riba Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Souhel Flayeh
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pedrazas
- Gotic Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sabatés
- Gotic Primary Care Centre, Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ermengol Coma
- Primary Care Services Information Systems (SISAP), Institut Català de La Salut (ICS), Gran Via de Les Corts Catalanes, 587. 08007, Barcelona, Spain
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Hassan H, Kandeel A, Fahim M, ElSood HA, Elghazaly S, Kamel R, El Shourbagy S, Afifi S, Fattah MA, Choi M, Lee SG, Rajaguru V, Han W. Incidence of influenza virus-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in three districts in 2018 at Gharbia governorate, Egypt. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003152. [PMID: 38701044 PMCID: PMC11068184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Influenza remains a contributor to substantial global morbidity and mortality. There is very limited data on disease burden in Egypt. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of influenza-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in three districts in Gharbia governorate in 2018. METHODS This study Followed the World Health Organization (WHO) manual for estimating disease burden associated with seasonal influenza. The hospital admission database was screened for SARI patients in three districts at Gharbia governorate in 2018. A hospital admission survey (HAS) was used to define the catchment population. The incidence rate estimation was computed as the number of influenza-positive SARI cases per 100,000 population. RESULTS A total of 180 SARI cases were identified in the catchment area. The median age was 23 years [IQR: 2-53], and 45% were males. Out of the total SARI cases, 33.3% influenza was confirmed by the laboratory test of RP-PCR. Influenza A(H3N2) virus predominated representing 55.0% of patients, thanA(H1N1) 26.7% and Flu-B virus 18.3%. Influenza prevailed in winter and spring; no deaths from influenza were reported. The annual incidence of influenza-associated SARIs found higher in <2 years (282 /100,000) and ≥65 years patients (215/100,000) at significant level p<0.001. CONCLUSION The WHO Manual for estimating disease burden associated with seasonal influenza was successfully operationalized in the three districts of Gharbia governorate. It can be used in other districts. A considerable burden was associated with influenza viruses requiring hospitalization, especially among the older adult group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Global Health and Disease Control, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amr Kandeel
- Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Fahim
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Abu ElSood
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Elghazaly
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Kamel
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salma Afifi
- Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Miyoung Choi
- Department of Clinical Evidence Research Team, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vasuki Rajaguru
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Whiejong Han
- Department of Global Health and Disease Control, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Atlaw D, Charkos TG, Kasim J, Chatu VK. Why does the number of antenatal care visits in Ethiopia remain low?: A Bayesian multilevel approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302560. [PMID: 38701069 PMCID: PMC11068190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal care (ANC) visit is a proxy for maternal and neonatal health. The ANC is a key indicator of access and utilization of health care for pregnant women. Recently, eight times ANC visits have been recommended during the pregnancy period. However, nearly 57% of women received less than four ANC visits in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify factors associated withthe number of ANC visits in Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 21 to June 28/2019. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires from reproductive age groups. A stratified cluster sampling was used to select enumeration areas, households, and women from selected households. A Bayesian multilevel negative binomial model was applied for the analysis of this study. There is an intra-class correlation (ICC) = 23.42% and 25.51% for the null and final model, respectively. Data were analyzed using the STATA version 17.0. The adjusted incidence risk ratio (IRR) with 95% credible intervals (CrI) was used to declare the association. RESULT A total of 3915 pregnant women were included in this study. The mean(SD) age of the participants was 28.7 (.11) years. Nearly one-fourth (26.5%) of pregnant women did not have ANC visits, and 3% had eight-time ANC visits in Ethiopia. In the adjusted model, the age of the women 25-28 years (IRR:1.13; 95% CrI: 1.11, 1.16), 29-33 years (IRR: 1.15; 95% CrI: 1.15, 1.16), ≥34 years (IRR:1.14; 95% CrI: 1.12, 1.17), being a primary school (IRR: 1.22, 95% CrI: 1.21, 1.22), secondary school and above (IRR: 1.26, 95% CrI: 1.26, 1.26), delivered in health facility (IRR: 1.93; 95% CrI: 1.92, 1.93), delivered with cesarian section (IRR: 1.18; 95% CrI: 1.18, 1.19), multiple (twin) pregnancy (IRR: 1.11; 95% CrI: 1.10, 1.12), richest (IRR:1.23; 95% CrI: 1.23, 1.24), rich family (IRR: 1.34, 95% CrI: 1.30, 1.37), middle income (IRR: 1.29, 95% CrI: 1.28, 1.31), and poor family (IRR = 1.28, 95% CrI:1.28, 1.29) were shown to have significant association with higher number of ANC vists, while, households with total family size of ≥ 5 (IRR: 0.92; 95% CrI: 0.91, 0.92), and being a rural resident (IRR: 0.92, 95% CrI: 0.92, 0.94) were shown to have a significant association with the lower number of ANC visits. CONCLUSION Overall, 26.5% of pregnant women do not have ANC visits during their pregnancy, and 3% of women have eight-time ANC visits. This result is much lower as compared to WHO's recommendation, which states that all pregnant women should have at least eight ANC visits. In this study, the ages of the women 25-28, 29-33, and ≥34 years, being a primary school, secondary school, and above, delivered in a health facility, delivered with caesarian section, multiple pregnancies, rich, middle and poor wealth index, were significantly associated with the higher number of ANC visits, while households with large family size and rural residence were significantly associated with a lower number of ANC visits in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Atlaw
- Public Health Department, School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | | | - Jeylan Kasim
- Public Health Department, School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Vijay Kumar Chatu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Center for Evidence-Based Research, Global Health Research and Innovations Canada (GHRIC), Toronto, ON, Canada
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145
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Muthumuni N, Sommer JL, El-Gabalawy R, Reynolds KA, Mota NP. Evaluating the mental health status, help-seeking behaviors, and coping strategies of Canadian essential workers versus non-essential workers during COVID-19: a longitudinal study. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:334-347. [PMID: 37494424 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2235294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined mental health symptoms, help-seeking, and coping differences between Canadian essential workers (EWs) versus non-EWs, as well as common COVID-related concerns and longitudinal predictors of mental health symptoms among EWs only. DESIGN An online, longitudinal survey (N = 1260; response rate (RR) = 78.5%) assessing mental health and psychosocial domains amongst Canadian adults was administered during the first wave of COVID-19 with a six-month follow-up (N = 821; RR = 53.7%). METHODS Cross tabulations and chi-square analyses examined sociodemographic, mental health, and coping differences between EWs and non-EWs. Frequencies evaluated common COVID-related concerns. Linear regression analyses examined associations between baseline measures with mental health symptoms six months later amongst EWs. RESULTS EWs reported fewer mental health symptoms and avoidance coping than non-EWs, and were most concerned with transmitting COVID-19. Both groups reported similar patterns of help-seeking. Longitudinal correlates of anxiety and perceived stress symptoms among EWs included age, marital status, household income, accessing a psychologist, avoidant coping, and higher COVID-19-related distress. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on the mental health of Canadian EWs. This research identifies which EWs are at greater risk of developing mental disorders, and may further guide the development of pandemic-related interventions for these workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisali Muthumuni
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jordana L Sommer
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Renée El-Gabalawy
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kristin A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Natalie P Mota
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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146
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Roberts W, Owolabi B, Pearson-Stuttard J. Tackling health inequalities through the development of the wider public health workforce. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:141-142. [PMID: 38757939 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241249788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This article highlights how developing the public health workforce can lead to improvement of the public's health, and consequently promote health-driven prosperity in areas and populations where health inequalities are most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Roberts
- Chief Executive, Royal Society for Public Health, London E1 8AN, UK
| | - B Owolabi
- Vice President, Royal Society for Public Health, London, UK
- Honorary Professor, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, UK
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147
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Tandon PS, Westerlind L, McCleery J. Advocacy for Equitable Recess in Washington State. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023064226. [PMID: 38572558 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recess in schools is a critical opportunity for children to engage in important behaviors that can promote their health and well-being, and daily recess is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and other national organizations. In Washington state, school recess is not equitably provided, with parents reporting a wide range from as little as 10 minutes to >45 minutes daily. State laws can help promote equitable and high-quality recess, but most states in the United States do not have recess laws. In 2023, a bill (Senate Bill 5257) mandating a minimum of 30 minutes of daily recess for all elementary students with provisions for other recess best practices (including not withholding recess as punishment and encouraging movement breaks for middle/high-schoolers) passed with bipartisan support in the Washington state Legislature and was signed into law. In this case study, we describe the process undertaken and lessons learned by the cross-sector coalition that spearheaded the advocacy efforts, which included pediatricians, parents, educators, community organizations, and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja S Tandon
- King County Play Equity Coalition, King County, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Julie McCleery
- King County Play Equity Coalition, King County, Washington
- UW Center for Leadership in Athletics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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148
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Kannan K., Nattala P, Mahadevan J, Meena K. S.. Knowledge, Attitude, and Expectancies Related to Cannabis Use: A Cross-sectional Community Study Among College Students from Bangalore, Karnataka. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:221-227. [PMID: 38699769 PMCID: PMC11062302 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231210681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabis use among youth is increasing; this study aimed to assess college students' knowledge, attitude, and expectancies toward cannabis use. Methods Cross-sectional survey using standardized tools among undergraduate and postgraduate college students in urban Bangalore, India (N = 405). Results Ten percent reported past three-month cannabis use, with 1% reporting daily use. Users were significantly older (median age 21, IQR 22,20 [vs. 20, IQR 21,19], p < .001) and belonged to families with higher monthly incomes (p = .02). Use was significantly higher among males than females (65.9% vs. 34.1%, p = .006) and postgraduate students than undergraduates (51.2% vs. 48%, p = .001). Users were also significantly more favorable toward cannabis use (median score 4, IQR 6,2 [vs. median 3, IQR 4,2], p = .005) and had more positive expectancies from use (median score 2, IQR 3,2 [vs. median 2, IQR 2,0], p = .001). Nearly 30% were unaware that cannabis can affect a person's ability to drive safely or that it can affect executive functions, including academic performance. Over one-third were unaware of the current legal status of cannabis in India. Overall, 36%, 25%, and 17%, respectively, said that cannabis use is safe when used for recreational purposes, cannabis should be legalized as it helps to relieve stress, and cannabis use among youngsters should be acceptable in society as it is "part of college life." Conclusion Findings build on existing literature on cannabis use among college youth in India, which can guide preventive interventions and policies for this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan K.
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanthi Nattala
- Dept. of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Center for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Meena K. S.
- Dept. of Mental Health Education, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bidopia T, Fertig AR, Burke NL, Loth KA, Trofholz AC, Berge JM. Understanding the relationships between acculturation, food insecurity, and food parenting practices among socioeconomically/racially diverse parents. Appetite 2024; 196:107292. [PMID: 38447643 PMCID: PMC10981913 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests that acculturation and food insecurity are factors that are separately associated with the use of specific food parenting practices among United States (US) families. Certain food parenting practices, such as coercive control and unstructured food parenting practices, are related to negative health consequences in children, such as disordered eating behaviors. The current study aimed to explore associations between acculturation strategies and food parenting practices in a sample of 577 Latinx, Hmong, Somali/Ethiopian, and Multiracial families. A secondary objective was to understand whether food security status significantly modified the relationships between acculturation strategies and food parenting practices. Results showed that acculturation strategies were significantly related to food parenting practices, and patterns in these relationships differed across race and ethnicity. Further, food security status significantly modified the relationship between acculturation strategies and food parenting practices for Latinx, Hmong, and Somali/Ethiopian families, but not for Multiracial families. These results point to the complex relationships among acculturation strategies, food security status, and food parenting practices in immigrant populations in the US. Longitudinal studies exploring the temporal relationships between acculturation strategies, food security status, and food parenting practices would help tease apart how food parenting practices may evolve upon migrating to the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bidopia
- Fordham University, Department of Psychology, Dealy Hall, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
| | - Angela R Fertig
- University of Minnesota, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, 301 19th Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Natasha L Burke
- Fordham University, Department of Psychology, Dealy Hall, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
| | - Katie A Loth
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Amanda C Trofholz
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Jerica M Berge
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Shastri SS, McNeill LH, Shete S. Culturally Competent Education and Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Achieves Healthy People 2030 Cervical Screening Target Among Low-Income Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Women. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2400005. [PMID: 38723214 DOI: 10.1200/go.24.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Disparities in cervical cancer screening, incidence, and mortality exist in the United States. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Texas are 20% and 32% higher, respectively, than national averages. Within Texas, these rates are significantly higher among non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic women. Cervical cancer screening uptake is lower among NH Black and Hispanic women (72.9% and 75.9%, respectively) compared with White women (85.5%) in Texas. METHODS During March-August 2023, we conducted a pilot study that offered culturally competent education and human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling kits to women in two public housing projects in Houston, TX, that have predominantly NH Black or Hispanic residents. Among those eligible for cervical cancer screening, 35% (n = 24) of the NH Black and 34% (n = 16) of the Hispanic women were found to be underscreened per the US Preventive Services Task Force Guideline. We recruited 40 (24 NH Black and 16 Hispanic) eligible women for our study. The study was approved by the MD Anderson institutional review board and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04614155-March 11, 2020). RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the NH Black and 87% of the Hispanic participants completed the HPV self-sampling procedures per protocol. Samples of 17% NH Black and 12% Hispanic participants showed a performance error. Overall, cervical cancer screening uptake improved from 65% to 91% among NH Black and from 66% to 96% among Hispanic participants. CONCLUSION Culturally competent education and HPV self-sampling resulted in remarkable improvement in cervical cancer screening uptake among underscreened NH Black and Hispanic women residents of Houston public housing projects. Implementing this strategy could significantly reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality among similar populations in the United States and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanjay Shete
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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