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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be identified as an inflammatory disorder in the intestine, being characterized by maladjusted immune responses and chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. However, as the etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear, more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Recent studies have discovered a new cytokine, interleukin-27 (IL-27), which belongs to the superfamily of IL-6 and IL-12, demonstrating multiple functions in many infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Interleukin-27 is mainly produced by antigen presentation cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and mononuclear macrophages, playing a dual regulatory role in immunological response. Therefore, this updated review aims to summarize the new progress of the regulatory role of IL-27 in IBD and focus more on the interaction between IL-27 and immune cells, hoping to provide more evidence for the potential IBD treatment mediated by IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yingqiu Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xuanyu Yi
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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152
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Dutta AK. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology-January-February 2024 issue highlights. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:1-6. [PMID: 38372945 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christian Medical College, Ranipet Campus, A Block, 7Th Floor, Kilminnal, Ranipet, Vellore, 632 517, India.
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153
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Zhao S, Crouse W, Qian S, Luo K, Stephens M, He X. Adjusting for genetic confounders in transcriptome-wide association studies improves discovery of risk genes of complex traits. Nat Genet 2024; 56:336-347. [PMID: 38279041 PMCID: PMC10864181 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Many methods have been developed to leverage expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data to nominate candidate genes from genome-wide association studies. These methods, including colocalization, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and Mendelian randomization-based methods; however, all suffer from a key problem-when assessing the role of a gene in a trait using its eQTLs, nearby variants and genetic components of other genes' expression may be correlated with these eQTLs and have direct effects on the trait, acting as potential confounders. Our extensive simulations showed that existing methods fail to account for these 'genetic confounders', resulting in severe inflation of false positives. Our new method, causal-TWAS (cTWAS), borrows ideas from statistical fine-mapping and allows us to adjust all genetic confounders. cTWAS showed calibrated false discovery rates in simulations, and its application on several common traits discovered new candidate genes. In conclusion, cTWAS provides a robust statistical framework for gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Wesley Crouse
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sheng Qian
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaixuan Luo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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154
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Yinhe S, Lixiang L, Yan L, Xiang G, Yanqing L, Xiuli Z. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and its inactivated bacteria ameliorate colitis by inhibiting macrophage activation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102276. [PMID: 38158154 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT) has protective effect against colon inflammation in murine models. Macrophages play an important role in gut immunity. However, the specific mechanisms of BT on macrophage are still unelucidated. Thus, our study investigates the anti-inflammatory effect of BT and its heat-treated inactivated bacteria on experimental colitis and macrophages. METHODS A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis model with male C57BL/6 mice, BT (ATCC29148) strain, THP1 cell lines were used in this study. Live and heat-treated inactivated BT (IBT) solution (1 × 10^9cfu/ml) were intragastrically gavaged daily for 14 days. Colonic inflammation was determined by the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, histological score, and inflammatory factors. THP1 cells were induced towards M1, then treated with different concentrations of inactivated BT solution and p38 inhibitor. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR were performed to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines and molecules of MAPK pathway including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-22, p38 and phosphor-p38 expressions. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing of colitis murine fecal samples was applied to investigate the influence of supplementation of BT to the gut microbiota homeostasis. RESULTS Both live and heat-treated inactivated BT decreased the DAI and histological scores as well as levels of inflammatory factors, particularly IL-6 while increasing IL-22 of DSS-induced colitis murine models. The cell experiments showed that inactivated BT downregulates IL-6 expression in THP1 via inhibiting p38 phosphorylation and affecting M1 polarization. Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that BT and IBT gavage could increase beta-diversity of gut flora in DSS-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, the significance test for differences between the groups showed that BT could increase Faecalebaculum, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, while decreasing Akkermansia. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings imply that BT and its heat-treated inactivated bacteria exert a protective effect by suppressing macrophage-induced IL-6 through the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway and ameliorating intestinal gut dysbiosis in experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikong Yinhe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Lixiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Yanqing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zuo Xiuli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for digestive disease, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Robot engineering laboratory for precise diagnosis and therapy of GI tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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155
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Barberio B, Fairbrass KM, Gracie DJ, Ford AC. Natural history and impact of irritable bowel syndrome-type symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease during 12 months of longitudinal follow-up. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14713. [PMID: 37994228 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the natural history and impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-type symptoms on psychological health and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to address this in a 12-month longitudinal follow-up study of secondary care patients. METHODS We collected demographic, Rome III IBS-type symptom, psychological, and quality of life data, with questionnaires at 3-month intervals, over 12 months of follow-up in patients with IBD in clinical remission at baseline. We assessed the natural history of Rome III IBS-type symptoms over the 12 months of the study and compared psychological and quality of life data between those reporting Rome III IBS-type symptoms at each of the points of follow-up with those not reporting such symptoms. KEY RESULTS Among 206 patients with IBD in clinical remission at baseline (104 [50.5%] women, mean age 56.9 years [range 18-83 years], 79 [38.3%] Crohn's disease), 33 (16.0%) reported Rome III IBS-type symptoms at baseline and 72 (35.0%) reported Rome III IBS-type symptoms at one or more time points. Among the 33 patients with Rome III IBS-type symptoms at baseline, symptoms resolved in 6 (18.2%) patients, were present throughout in 6 (18.2%) patients, and fluctuated in the remaining 21 (63.6%) patients. Among the 39 patients with new onset of Rome III IBS-type symptoms after baseline, 24 (65.1%) had symptoms at one point in time only, 10 (25.6%) at two points, four (10.3%) at three points, and one (2.6%) at four points. At each point in time, reporting IBS-type symptoms was associated with significantly higher anxiety, depression, or somatoform symptom-reporting scores, and/or lower quality of life scores. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In this 12-month follow-up study, one-third of patients with IBD reported presence of Rome III IBS-type symptoms at any point in time. Reporting such symptoms was associated with significant impacts on psychological health and/or quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Barberio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Keeley M Fairbrass
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David J Gracie
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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156
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Vadlapudi SS, Poddar U. Dietary interventions in Crohn's disease: A simple solution to refractory disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:18-21. [PMID: 37610563 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Srinidhi Vadlapudi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Ujjal Poddar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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157
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Dipasquale V, Alibrandi A, Pellegrino S, Ramistella V, Romano C. Factors that influence infliximab biosimilar trough levels in the pediatric inflammatory bowel disease population. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:237-244. [PMID: 37962991 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2284226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biosimilar infliximab (IFX-BioS) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate factors predicting IFX-BioS trough levels (TLs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS IBD children with an indication to start IFX-BioS were included in this prospective observational study (January 2021-June 2022). TLs were measured at the 4th and 6th infusions and correlated with several covariates. RESULTS A total of 110 TLs in 55 children were included. The multivariate linear regression model at the 4th infusion found a positive correlation between TLs and age at diagnosis (B:1.950, 95% CI: [0.019, 3.882], p = 0.048) and IFX-BioS dose/kg (B:1.962, 95% CI: [0.238, 3.687], p = 0.029), and a negative correlation with clinical scores (B:-0.401, 95% CI: [-0.738, -0.064], p = 0.023). At the 6th infusion, female gender (B:6.887, 95% CI: [0.861, 12.913], p = 0.029), hemoglobin (B:1.853, 95% CI: [0.501, 3.204], p = 0.011), and IFX-BioS dose/kg (B:1.792, 95% CI: [0.979, 2.605], p < 0.001) were found to be positively correlated to TLs. No association between combined clinical and biochemical remission and TLs was found. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered some predictors for IFX-BioS TLs in IBD children. Knowledge of predictive factors could help physicians choose the best dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dipasquale
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Statistical and Mathematical Sciences Unit, Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pellegrino
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ramistella
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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158
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Rasmussen J, Nørgård BM, Nielsen RG, Bøggild H, Qvist N, Brund RBK, Bruun NH, Fonager K. Implication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosed Before the Age of 18 for Achieving an Upper Secondary Education: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:247-256. [PMID: 37603772 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Educational achievement may be adversely affected by chronic conditions in childhood and adolescence. This study aimed to examine the effect of being diagnosed with IBD on achievement of an upper secondary education and the influence of disease severity and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS This cohort study was based on nationwide Danish administrative registries. We compared a cohort of patients with IBD with a matched population-based cohort. The IBD cohort included patients born between 1970 and 1994 who were diagnosed with IBD (age <18 years). The outcome was achieving an upper secondary education and was analyzed using Cox regression. The impact of disease severity (expressed by surgery or corticosteroid prescriptions) or psychiatric comorbidity within the IBD cohort was assessed using Poisson regression. RESULTS We identified 3178 patients with IBD (Crohn's disease [CD] n = 1344, ulcerative colitis [UC] n = 1834) and matched them with 28 204 references. The hazard ratio of achieving an upper secondary education was 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.21) for CD and 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.23) for UC. In the IBD cohort, having surgery, a steroid prescription, or a comorbid psychiatric condition was associated with a lower chance of achieving an upper secondary education. CONCLUSION Being diagnosed with IBD before 18 years of age increased the chance of achieving an upper secondary education. However, patients with more severe disease or psychiatric comorbidity were at higher risk of not achieving an upper secondary education than patients with milder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rasmussen
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Gaardskær Nielsen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bøggild
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University; Aalborg, Denmark
- Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Qvist
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Henrik Bruun
- Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Fonager
- Department of Social Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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159
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Shi Y, Luo S, Zhai J, Chen Y. A novel causative role of imbalanced kynurenine pathway in ulcerative colitis: Upregulation of KMO and KYNU promotes intestinal inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166929. [PMID: 37918679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principal metabolic route for the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP). Recent advances have highlighted a pivotal role for several KP metabolites in inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the alterations of KP enzymes and their functional impact in UC remain poorly defined. Here, we focused on kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU), which serve as critical branching enzymes in the KP. We observed that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice exhibited disturbed TRP metabolism along with KMO and KYNU upregulated. In patients with active UC, both the expression of KMO and KYNU were positively correlated with inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Pharmacological blockade of KMO or genetic silencing of KYNU suppressed IL-1β-triggered proinflammatory cytokines expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, blockage of KMO by selective inhibitor Ro 61-8048 alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice, accompanied by an expanded NAD+ pool and redox balance restoration. The protective role of Ro 61-8048 may be partly due to its effect on KP regulation, particularly in enhancing kynurenic acid production. In summary, our study provides new evidence for the proinflammatory property of KMO and KYNU in intestinal inflammation, hinting at a promising therapeutic approach in UC through targeting these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangjian Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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160
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Gadjalova I, Heinze JM, Goess MC, Hofmann J, Buck A, Weber MC, Blissenbach B, Kampick M, Krut O, Steiger K, Janssen KP, Neumann PA, Ruland J, Keppler SJ. B cell-mediated CD4 T-cell costimulation via CD86 exacerbates pro-inflammatory cytokine production during autoimmune intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:67-80. [PMID: 37918715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated B cell responses have been described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients; however, the role of B cells in IBD pathology remained incompletely understood. We here provide evidence for the detrimental role of activated B cells during the onset of autoimmune intestinal inflammation. Using Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome interacting protein deficient (Wipf1-/-) mice as a mouse model of chronic colitis, we identified clusters of differentiation (CD)86 expression on activated B cells as a crucial factor exacerbating pro-inflammatory cytokine production of intestinal CD4 T cells. Depleting B cells through anti-CD20 antibody treatment or blocking costimulatory signals mediated by CD86 through cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4-immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig) diminished intestinal inflammation in our mouse model of chronic IBD at the onset of disease. This was due to a reduction in aberrant humoral immune responses and reduced CD4 T cell pro-inflammatory cytokine production, especially interferon-g (IFN-g) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Interestingly, in addition to B cells isolated from the inflamed colon of Wipf1-/- mice, we also found CD86 mRNA and protein expression upregulated on activated B cells isolated from inflamed tissue of human patients with IBD. B cell activation and CD86 expression were boosted by soluble CD40L in vitro, which we found in the serum of mice and human patients with IBD. In summary, our data provides detailed insight into the contribution of B cells to intestinal inflammation, with implications for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Gadjalova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia M Heinze
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie C Goess
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Hofmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annalisa Buck
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Weber
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Kampick
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oleg Krut
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Selina J Keppler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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161
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Vernon-Roberts A, Blay L, Day AS. Knowledge Levels About Inflammatory Bowel Disease Vary Between Healthcare Professional Groups. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:410-418. [PMID: 38087127 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is one of the most serious chronic diseases affecting the global population. Clinical team members involved in the care of individuals with IBD should have sufficient knowledge about IBD. AIMS The study aim was to assess IBD knowledge among four health care professional groups in New Zealand: nurses, medical students, dietitians, and pharmacists. METHODS All four groups completed surveys on demographics, work experience, and contact with patients with IBD. All completed a validated IBD knowledge assessment questionnaire (IBD-KID2), and percentage scores with standard deviation (SD) for each group calculated and compared. RESULTS Participants included 200 nurses, 196 medical students, 45 dietitians, and 28 pharmacists. Mean IBD-KID2 percentage scores were nurses 69.7% (SD 14.7), medical students 77.6% (SD 14.5), dietitians 87.4% (SD 8.3), and pharmacists 83.4% (SD 10.1). Nurses scored lower than other HCP (P < 0.001). Independent variables were associated (P < 0.05) with higher scores for nurses having first degree relative with IBD, access to IBD guidelines, worked with children with IBD; medical students in their clinical years of study; and dietitians with IBD-specific education. Specific items scored poorly: growth, food triggers, heritability of IBD, and nutrient absorption. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge gaps exist among HCP that may be addressed with targeted education. Improvements in the knowledge of those caring for people with IBD may optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad Vernon-Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Lucy Blay
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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Vestergaard MV, Allin KH, Eriksen C, Zakerska-Banaszak O, Arasaradnam RP, Alam MT, Kristiansen K, Brix S, Jess T. Gut microbiota signatures in inflammatory bowel disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:22-33. [PMID: 38041519 PMCID: PMC10859715 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), affect millions of people worldwide with increasing incidence. OBJECTIVES Several studies have shown a link between gut microbiota composition and IBD, but results are often limited by small sample sizes. We aimed to re-analyze publicly available fecal microbiota data from IBD patients. METHODS We extracted original fecal 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from 45 cohorts of IBD patients and healthy individuals using the BioProject database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Unlike previous meta-analyses, we merged all study cohorts into a single dataset, including sex, age, geography, and disease information, based on which microbiota signatures were analyzed, while accounting for varying technical platforms. RESULTS Among 2518 individuals in the combined dataset, we discovered a hitherto unseen number of genera associated with IBD. A total of 77 genera associated with CD, of which 38 were novel associations, and a total of 64 genera associated with UC, of which 28 represented novel associations. Signatures were robust across different technical platforms and geographic locations. Reduced alpha diversity in IBD compared to healthy individuals, in CD compared to UC, and altered microbiota composition (beta diversity) in UC and especially in CD as compared to healthy individuals were found. CONCLUSIONS Combining original microbiota data from 45 cohorts, we identified a hitherto unseen large number of genera associated with IBD. Identification of microbiota features robustly associated with CD and UC may pave the way for the identification of new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vibeke Vestergaard
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carsten Eriksen
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ramesh P Arasaradnam
- Warwick Medical School & Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mohammad T Alam
- Warwick Medical School & Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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163
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Fitzgerald KA, Shmuel-Galia L. Lnc-ing RNA to intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:127-137. [PMID: 38220553 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in numerous biological processes, including the immune system. Initial research in this area focused on cell-based studies, but recent advances underscore the profound significance of lncRNAs at the organismal level, providing invaluable insights into their roles in inflammatory diseases. In this rapidly evolving field, lncRNAs have been described with pivotal roles in the intestinal tract where they regulate intestinal homeostasis and inflammation by influencing processes such as immune cell development, inflammatory signaling pathways, epithelial barrier function, and cellular metabolism. Understanding the regulation and function of lncRNAs in this tissue may position lncRNAs not only as potential disease biomarkers but also as promising targets for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Liraz Shmuel-Galia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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164
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Gerasimidis K, Russell RK, Giachero F, Gkikas K, Tel B, Assa A, Bronsky J, de Ridder L, Hojsak I, Jenke A, Norsa L, Sigall-Boneh R, Sila S, Wine E, Zilbauer M, Strisciuglio C, Gasparetto M. Precision nutrition in pediatric IBD: A position paper from the ESPGHAN special interest group for basic science and translational research, the IBD Porto group, and allied health professionals. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:428-445. [PMID: 38374554 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stratified and precision nutrition refers to disease management or prevention of disease onset, based on dietary interventions tailored to a person's characteristics, biology, gut microbiome, and environmental exposures. Such treatment models may lead to more effective management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduce risk of disease development. This societal position paper aimed to report advances made in stratified and precision nutritional therapy in IBD. Following a structured literature search, limited to human studies, we identified four relevant themes: (a) nutritional epidemiology for risk prediction of IBD development, (b) food-based dietary interventions in IBD, (c) exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for Crohn's disease (CD) management, and (d) pre- and probiotics for IBD management. There is scarce literature upon which we can make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for IBD, both for risk of disease development and disease management. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism may modify the effect dietary PUFA have in increasing the risk of IBD development. Non-colonic CD, mild-to-moderate CD, and high microbiota richness may predict success of EEN and may be used both for prediction of treatment continuation, but also for early cessation in nonresponders. There is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for patients with established IBD. Despite the great interest in stratified and precision nutrition, we currently lack data to support conclusive recommendations. Replication of early findings by independent research groups and within structured clinical interventions is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federica Giachero
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos Gkikas
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Balint Tel
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amit Assa
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jiri Bronsky
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lissy de Ridder
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Jenke
- Children's Hospital Kassel, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rotem Sigall-Boneh
- Israel Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Sila
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Gasparetto
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Jenny Lind Children's Hospital, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
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165
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Li Z, Chen Y, Ke H. Investigating the Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Crohn's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:354-355. [PMID: 37678500 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Li
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Ke
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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166
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Vidal-Gallardo A, Méndez Benítez JE, Flores Rios L, Ochoa Meza LF, Mata Pérez RA, Martínez Romero E, Vargas Beltran AM, Beltran Hernandez JL, Banegas D, Perez B, Martinez Ramirez M. The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cureus 2024; 16:e54569. [PMID: 38516478 PMCID: PMC10957260 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Its exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to result from a dysregulated immune response influenced by various factors, including changes in the intestinal microbiota, diet, lifestyle, and genetics. The gut microbiome, consisting of diverse microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, with its disruption leading to inflammatory responses typical of IBD. Treatments primarily aim at symptom control, employing immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and newer approaches like probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplants, and dietary modifications, all focusing on leveraging the microbiota's potential in disease management. These strategies aim to restore the delicate balance of the gut microbiome, typically altered in IBD, marked by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful pathogens. This review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD, highlighting the shift towards personalized medicine and the necessity for further research in understanding the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, and genetics in IBD. It points to the potential of emerging treatments and the importance of a multifaceted approach in managing this complex and challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F Ochoa Meza
- General Surgery, Hospital General ISSSTE Presidente General Lázaro Cárdenas, Chihuahua, MEX
| | - Rodrigo A Mata Pérez
- General Practice, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | | | | | | | - Douglas Banegas
- General Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, HND
| | - Brenda Perez
- Nutrition, Universidad ICEL, Ciudad de México, MEX
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167
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Tsankov BK, Luchak A, Carr C, Philpott DJ. The effects of NOD-like receptors on adaptive immune responses. Biomed J 2024; 47:100637. [PMID: 37541620 PMCID: PMC10796267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that cues from the innate immune system orchestrate downstream adaptive immune responses. Although previous work has focused on the roles of Toll-like receptors in this regard, relatively little is known about how Nod-like receptors instruct adaptive immunity. Here we review the functions of different members of the Nod-like receptor family in orchestrating effector and anamnestic adaptive immune responses. In particular, we address the ways in which inflammasome and non-inflammasome members of this family affect adaptive immunity under various infectious and environmental contexts. Furthermore, we identify several key mechanistic questions that studies in this field have left unaddressed. Our aim is to provide a framework through which immunologists in the adaptive immune field may view their questions through an innate-immune lens and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan K Tsankov
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Luchak
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Carr
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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168
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Tang WJ, Shi P, Xia HJ, Wu J, Wang YH, Huang Y. Efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition on the mucosal healing of different gastrointestinal segments in children with Crohn's disease. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:123-132. [PMID: 38556364 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between disease location and segmental mucosal healing (SMH) following exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in children with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Treatment-naive pediatric patients with endoscopically active CD treated with EEN alone as induction therapy were retrospectively enrolled from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022. The simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD) was employed to score disease activity in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum), rectum, left colon, transverse colon, right colon, and terminal ileum. While the Lewis score assessed that of the small bowel from the jejunum to the proximal ileum (except the terminal ileum). The variation in the total scores for each segment and SES-CD subscores for each ileocolonic segment from baseline to 1 year after EEN therapy and the segmental endoscopic outcomes and potential predictors associated with SMH for the segments scored by SES-CD were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 82 children with CD were enrolled. Except for the upper GI segment, scores in other segments declined significantly from baseline to EEN completion (all P < 0.001). We analyzed 486 segments (79, 80, 81, 82, 82 and 82 from upper GI tract, terminal ileum, right colon, transverse colon, left colon, and rectum) and found that the segmental SES-CD at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.70, P < 0.001) and upper GI location (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11-0.55, P = 0.001) were associated with SMH at EEN completion. CONCLUSION Disease location of the upper GI segment in pediatric CD was associated with SMH following EEN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Juan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Jiao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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169
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Zhao S, Miao C, Gao X, Li Z, Eriksson JE, Jiu Y. Vimentin cage - A double-edged sword in host anti-infection defense. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102317. [PMID: 38171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament, reorganizes into what is termed the 'vimentin cage' in response to various pathogenic infections. This cage-like structure provides an envelope to key components of the pathogen's life cycle. In viral infections, the vimentin cage primarily serves as a scaffold and organizer for the replication factory, promoting viral replication. However, it also occasionally contributes to antiviral functions. For bacterial infections, the cage mainly supports bacterial proliferation in most observed cases. These consistent structural alterations in vimentin, induced by a range of viruses and bacteria, highlight the vimentin cage's crucial role. Pathogen-specific factors add complexity to this interaction. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the functions and mechanisms of the vimentin cage and speculate on vimentin's potential as a novel target for anti-pathogen strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chenglin Miao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuedi Gao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
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170
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Hiltzik DM, Goodwin AM, Kurapaty SS, Inglis JE, Pagadala MS, Edelstein AI, Hsu WK. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Orthopedic Surgery-a Narrative Review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2024; 17:37-46. [PMID: 38133764 PMCID: PMC10805751 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The importance of the gut microbiome has received increasing attention in recent years. New literature has revealed significant associations between gut health and various orthopedic disorders, as well as the potential for interventions targeting the gut microbiome to prevent disease and improve musculoskeletal outcomes. We provide a broad overview of available literature discussing the links between the gut microbiome and pathogenesis and management of orthopedic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Human and animal models have characterized the associations between gut microbiome dysregulation and diseases of the joints, spine, nerves, and muscle, as well as the physiology of bone formation and fracture healing. Interventions such as probiotic supplementation and fecal transplant have shown some promise in ameliorating the symptoms or slowing the progression of these disorders. We aim to aid discussions regarding optimization of patient outcomes in the field of orthopedic surgery by providing a narrative review of the available evidence-based literature involving gut microbiome dysregulation and its effects on orthopedic disease. In general, we believe that the gut microbiome is a viable target for interventions that can augment current management models and lead to significantly improved outcomes for patients under the care of orthopedic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hiltzik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Alyssa M Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Steven S Kurapaty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Inglis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Manasa S Pagadala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA.
| | - Adam I Edelstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
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Guo J, Luo Q, Li C, Liang H, Cao Q, Li Z, Chen G, Yu X. Evidence for the gut-skin axis: Common genetic structures in inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13611. [PMID: 38348734 PMCID: PMC10862160 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis (Ps) are common immune-mediated diseases that exhibit clinical comorbidity, possibly due to a common genetic structure. However, the exact mechanism remains unknown. METHODS The study population consisted of IBD and Ps genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Genetic correlations were first evaluated. Then, the overall evaluation employed LD score regression (LDSC), while the local assessment utilized heritability estimation from summary statistics (HESS). Causality assessment was conducted through two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR), and genetic overlap analysis utilized the conditional false discovery rate/conjunctional FDR (cond/conjFDR) method. Finally, LDSC applied to specifically expressed genes (LDSC-SEG) was performed at the tissue level. For IBD and Ps-specific expressed genes, genetic correlation, causality, shared genetics, and trait-specific associated tissues were methodically examined. RESULTS At the genomic level, both overall and local genetic correlations were found between IBD and Ps. MR analysis indicated a positive causal relationship between Ps and IBD. The conjFDR analysis with a threshold of < 0.01 identified 43 loci shared between IBD and Ps. Subsequent investigations into disease-associated tissues indicated a close association of IBD and Ps with whole blood, lung, spleen, and EBV-transformed lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The current research offers a novel perspective on the association between IBD and Ps. It contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the genetic structure and mechanisms of comorbidities in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Guo
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryJiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiangmenChina
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Clinical Medical CollegeJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryJiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiangmenChina
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryJiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiangmenChina
| | - Qiurui Cao
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryJiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiangmenChina
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryJiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiangmenChina
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Xuchao Yu
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
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172
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Khakoo NS, Beecham AH, Lyu J, Quintero MA, Gomez L, Abreu MT, Deshpande AR, Kerman DH, McCauley JL, Proksell S, Damas OM. Early Life and Childhood Environmental Exposures, More Than Genetic Predisposition, Influence Age of Diagnosis in a Diverse Cohort of 2952 Patients With IBD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00097-1. [PMID: 38309494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of established environmental risk factors and genetic risk on age of IBD diagnosis in a diverse cohort. METHODS IBD patients in clinic completed detailed questionnaires. Blood was drawn for genetic analysis. Environmental risk factors and age of diagnosis were analyzed by ethnicity (Hispanic/Latinx or non-Hispanic White [NHW] individuals) and IBD subtype (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease [CD]). Weighted genetic risk scores and environmental risk scores were developed. We examined the relationship between environmental risk scores, genetic risk scores, and age of diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 2952 patients were included: 58.9% had CD. A total of 46.83% were of Hispanic background. Early life exposures like cesarean delivery and being born in a developed country were associated with a younger age of IBD diagnosis. Childhood exposures such as frequent plastic water bottle use and having more than 1 bathroom at home were associated with a younger age of IBD. Hispanic and NHW individuals shared similar susceptibilities to environmental exposures. Environmental factors explained 21% of the variance in age of CD diagnosis and 39% in ulcerative colitis. In models incorporating genetic risk score and environmental risk score, the environment was the only significant factor associated with younger age of IBD diagnosis in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Early life and childhood exposures impact IBD diagnosis and influence Hispanic and NHW individuals similarly. A cumulative environmental risk score contributes more to age of IBD diagnosis than genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidah S Khakoo
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ashley H Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jiangnan Lyu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria A Quintero
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Lissette Gomez
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Amar R Deshpande
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David H Kerman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jacob L McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Siobhan Proksell
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Oriana M Damas
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Chong AY, Brenner N, Jimenez-Kaufmann A, Cortes A, Hill M, Littlejohns TJ, Gilchrist JJ, Fairfax BP, Knight JC, Hodel F, Fellay J, McVean G, Moreno-Estrada A, Waterboer T, Hill AVS, Mentzer AJ. A common NFKB1 variant detected through antibody analysis in UK Biobank predicts risk of infection and allergy. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:295-308. [PMID: 38232728 PMCID: PMC10870136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases through both acute infection and their chronic sequelae. We leveraged the UK Biobank to identify genetic loci that influence humoral immune response to multiple infections. From 45 genome-wide association studies in 9,611 participants from UK Biobank, we identified NFKB1 as a locus associated with quantitative antibody responses to multiple pathogens, including those from the herpes, retro-, and polyoma-virus families. An insertion-deletion variant thought to affect NFKB1 expression (rs28362491), was mapped as the likely causal variant and could play a key role in regulation of the immune response. Using 121 infection- and inflammation-related traits in 487,297 UK Biobank participants, we show that the deletion allele was associated with an increased risk of infection from diverse pathogens but had a protective effect against allergic disease. We propose that altered expression of NFKB1, as a result of the deletion, modulates hematopoietic pathways and likely impacts cell survival, antibody production, and inflammation. Taken together, we show that disruptions to the tightly regulated immune processes may tip the balance between exacerbated immune responses and allergy, or increased risk of infection and impaired resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Y Chong
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jimenez-Kaufmann
- Advanced Genomics Unit, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- MRC-Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - James J Gilchrist
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julian C Knight
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Flavia Hodel
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gil McVean
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andres Moreno-Estrada
- Advanced Genomics Unit, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Rudbaek JJ, Agrawal M, Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel JF, Jess T. Deciphering the different phases of preclinical inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:86-100. [PMID: 37950021 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) of the gastrointestinal tract and includes two subtypes: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It is well-recognized that IBD is associated with a complex multifactorial aetiology that includes genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, with downstream dysregulation of systemic immune function and host-microbial interactions in the local environment in the gut. Evidence to support the notion of a multistage development of IBD is growing, as has been observed in other IMIDs such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. With the rising worldwide incidence of IBD, it is increasingly important to understand the complex interplay of pathological events during the different stages of disease development to enable IBD prediction and prevention strategies. In this article, we review comprehensively the current evidence pertaining to the preclinical phase of IBD, including at-risk, initiation and expansion phases. We also discuss the framework of preclinical IBD, expanding on underlying pathways in IBD development, future research directions and IBD development in the context of other IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Rudbaek
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Biomarkers, Immunology and Antibodies, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhangen, Denmark
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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175
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Hope E, Kuronen-Stewart C, Wilson DC, Henderson P, Clark C. The Impact of Biologic Therapies on Rate of Colectomy in Paediatric-onset Ulcerative Colitis - A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:230-234. [PMID: 37981545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Biologic therapies have been associated with reduced rate of colectomy in ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults, but data are limited in paediatric-onset UC. Our aim was to define the rate of colectomy in paediatric-onset UC, including post-transition into adult care, and to evaluate the impact of biologic therapies on rate of colectomy. METHOD All prevalent patients diagnosed with paediatric-onset UC in South-East Scotland were identified from a prospectively accrued database at our regional tertiary centre. Patients exposed to biologics or surgery were identified and further data collected from health records. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate cumulative risk of colectomy over time. RESULTS 145 prevalent patients were identified between 2000 and 2021. Median follow-up was 7.9 years (IQR 4.1-13.1). 23 patients (16 %) underwent a colectomy. 50/145 (34 %) patients received biologic therapy, and 13/23 (57 %) patients who underwent colectomy received biologics. The cumulative risk of colectomy across the whole cohort at 1, 5, and 10 years was 3 %, 13 % and 16 %, respectively. Patients exposed to biologics had a higher colectomy rate at 5 and 10 years (22 % and 34 %). Patients in the pre-biologic era (2000-2008) had non-significantly reduced time from diagnosis to colectomy (2.4 vs 3.7 years, p = 0.204). CONCLUSION We have defined the 1-, 5-, and 10-year colectomy rate in a population-based cohort of Paediatric-onset UC patients. Patients who received biologic therapy had a significantly increased risk of colectomy. Increased severity of disease in these patients may account for the greater colectomy risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hope
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cameron Kuronen-Stewart
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - David C Wilson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Claire Clark
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Bull D, Matte JC, Navarron CM, McIntyre R, Whiting P, Katan M, Ducotterd F, Magno L. The hypermorphic PLCγ2 S707Y variant dysregulates microglial cell function - Insight into PLCγ2 activation in brain health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic modulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166978. [PMID: 38061598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCγ2) is highly expressed in hematopoietic and immune cells, where it is a key signalling node enabling diverse cellular functions. Within the periphery, gain-of-function (GOF) PLCγ2 variants, such as the strongly hypermorphic S707Y, cause severe immune dysregulation. The milder hypermorphic mutation PLCγ2 P522R increases longevity and confers protection in central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative disorders, implicating PLCγ2 as a novel therapeutic target for treating these CNS indications. Currently, nothing is known about what consequences strong PLCγ2 GOF has on CNS functionality, and more precisely on the specific biological functions of microglia. Using the PLCγ2 S707Y variant as a model of chronic activation we investigated the functional consequences of strong PLCγ2 GOF on human microglia. PLCγ2 S707Y expressing human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived microglia exhibited hypermorphic enzymatic activity under both basal and stimulated conditions, compared to PLCγ2 wild type. Despite the increase in PLCγ2 enzymatic activity, the PLCγ2 S707Y hiPSC-derived microglia display diminished functionality for key microglial processes including phagocytosis and cytokine secretion upon inflammatory challenge. RNA sequencing revealed a downregulation of genes related to innate immunity and response, providing molecular support for the phenotype observed. Our data suggests that chronic activation of PLCγ2 elicits a detrimental phenotype that is contributing to unfavourable CNS functions, and informs on the therapeutic window for targeting PLCγ2 in the CNS. Drug candidates targeting PLCγ2 will need to precisely mimic the effects of the PLCγ2 P522R variant on microglial function, but not those of the PLCγ2 S707Y variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bull
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Julie C Matte
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen M Navarron
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca McIntyre
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Whiting
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ducotterd
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenza Magno
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, The Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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177
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Zhang J, Feng S, Chen M, Zhang W, Zhang X, Wang S, Gan X, Zheng Y, Wang G. Identification of potential crucial genes shared in psoriasis and ulcerative colitis by machine learning and integrated bioinformatics. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13574. [PMID: 38303405 PMCID: PMC10835022 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggest that there are an association between psoriasis and ulcerative colitis (UC), although the common pathogeneses are not fully understood. Our study aimed to find potential crucial genes in psoriasis and UC through machine learning and integrated bioinformatics. METHODS The overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the datasets GSE13355 and GSE87466 were identified. Then the functional enrichment analysis was performed. The overlapping genes in LASSO, SVM-RFE and key module in WGCNA were considered as potential crucial genes. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate their diagnostic confidence. The CIBERSORT was conducted to evaluate immune cell infiltration. Finally, the datasets GSE30999 and GSE107499 were retrieved to validate. RESULTS 112 overlapping DEGs were identified in psoriasis and UC and the functional enrichment analysis revealed they were closely related to the inflammatory and immune response. Eight genes, including S100A9, PI3, KYNU, WNT5A, SERPINB3, CHI3L2, ARNTL2, and SLAMF7, were ultimately identified as potential crucial genes. ROC curves showed they all had high confidence in the test and validation datasets. CIBERSORT analysis indicated there was a correlation between infiltrating immune cells and potential crucial genes. CONCLUSION In our study, we focused on the comprehensive understanding of pathogeneses in psoriasis and UC. The identification of eight potential crucial genes may contribute to not only understanding the common mechanism, but also identifying occult UC in psoriasis patients, even serving as therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Minfei Chen
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Shengbang Wang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Xinyi Gan
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Guorong Wang
- The First Department of General Surgerythe Third Affiliated Hospital and Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
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Arcucci MS, Menendez L, Orsi M, Gallo J, Guzman L, Busoni V, Lifschitz C. Role of adjuvant Crohn's disease exclusion diet plus enteral nutrition in asymptomatic pediatric Crohn's disease having biochemical activity: A randomized, pilot study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:199-207. [PMID: 37610564 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional therapy can result in remission in mild-moderate pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). However, some patients experience loss of response to biological drugs despite increased dosage. METHODS We planned to determine that CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition offers additional benefits in asymptomatic children with CD having elevated fecal calprotectin. A randomized, open-label, pilot, controlled interventional study was conducted in children with CD while on medical treatment and elevated fecal calprotectin on routine testing. Patients continued their medications and were randomized into a group that received CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition for 12 weeks and one that continued a regular diet. RESULTS Twenty-one patients participated: 11 received CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition and 10, regular diet. Median fecal calprotectin in the CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition decreased in 9/11 to 50% of baseline, remaining practically unchanged in the regular diet, except for two patients (p = 0.005). Body mass index z-score increased in the CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition. Only 1/11 patients in the CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition group, while 4/10 in the regular diet, experienced clinical relapse (p = 0.149). Only one patient in the CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition, while eight in the regular diet, were considered to need their biologic treatment intensified (p = 0.005); 2/11 in the CD exclusion diet plus partial enteral nutrition had the dose or frequency of the biologic reduced vs. none (0/10) in the regular diet group. The short Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index and anthropometry showed no significant changes in either group. CONCLUSIONS Diet therapy could be a useful addition to medications in children with CD in apparent remission, but elevated fecal calprotectin. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial number: NCT05034458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Arcucci
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Liver Intestinal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Juan D. Peron 4190, C1199ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Menendez
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Service, Hospital de Niños Sor Ludovica de La Plata, 1631,14th St, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marina Orsi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Liver Intestinal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Juan D. Peron 4190, C1199ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Gallo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Liver Intestinal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Juan D. Peron 4190, C1199ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Guzman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Service, Hospital de Niños Sor Ludovica de La Plata, 1631,14th St, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Veronica Busoni
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Liver Intestinal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Juan D. Peron 4190, C1199ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lifschitz
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Liver Intestinal Transplantation Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Juan D. Peron 4190, C1199ACH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Simovic I, Hilmi I, Ng RT, Chew KS, Wong SY, Lee WS, Riordan S, Castaño-Rodríguez N. ATG16L1 rs2241880/T300A increases susceptibility to perianal Crohn's disease: An updated meta-analysis on inflammatory bowel disease risk and clinical outcomes. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:103-121. [PMID: 37837511 PMCID: PMC10859713 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATG16L1 plays a fundamental role in the degradative intracellular pathway known as autophagy, being a mediator of inflammation and microbial homeostasis. The variant rs2241880 can diminish these capabilities, potentially contributing to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To perform an updated meta-analysis on the association between ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD susceptibility by exploring the impact of age, ethnicity, and geography. Moreover, to investigate the association between rs2241880 and clinical features. METHODS Literature searches up until September 2022 across 7 electronic public databases were performed for all case-control studies on ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD. Pooled odds ratios (ORP ) and 95% CI were calculated under the random effects model. RESULTS Our analyses included a total of 30,606 IBD patients, comprising 21,270 Crohn's disease (CD) and 9336 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 33,329 controls. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was significantly associated with CD susceptibility, where the A allele was protective (ORP : 0.74, 95% CI: 0.72-0.77, p-value: <0.001), while the G allele was a risk factor (ORP : 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09-1.39, p-value: 0.001), depending on the minor allele frequencies observed in this multi-ancestry study sample. rs2241880 was predominantly relevant in Caucasians from North America and Europe, and in Latin American populations. Importantly, CD patients harbouring the G allele were significantly more predisposed to perianal disease (ORP : 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, p-value: 0.003). CONCLUSIONS ATG16L1 rs2241880 (G allele) is a consistent risk factor for IBD in Caucasian cohorts and influences clinical outcomes. As its role in non-Caucasian populations remains ambiguous, further studies in under-reported populations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ida Hilmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Terng Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seang Chew
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kanai S, Fujiwara H, Mizuno S, Kishikawa T, Nakatsuka T, Hamada T, Tanaka M, Arita J, Nakai Y, Isayama H, Kasuga M, Tateishi R, Tateishi K, Ushiku T, Hasegawa K, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Increased expression of TNFRSF14 and LIGHT in biliary epithelial cells of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:305-311. [PMID: 37722959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a lack of biliary epithelial molecular markers for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We analyzed candidates from disease susceptibility genes identified in recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS Expression levels of GWAS genes were analyzed in archival liver tissues of patients with PSC and controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate expression levels in the biliary epithelia of PSC (N = 45) and controls (N = 12). Samples from patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) were used as disease controls (N = 20). RESULTS Hepatic expression levels of ATXN2, HHEX, PRDX5, MST1, and TNFRSF14 were significantly altered in the PSC group. We focused on the immune-related receptor, TNFRSF14. Immunohistochemistry revealed that high expression of TNFRSF14 in biliary epithelial cells was observed only in the PSC group. In addition, the expression of LIGHT, which encodes a TNFRSF14-activating ligand, was increased in PSC liver. Immunohistochemistry showed that high expression of LIGHT was more common in PSC biliary epithelia (53%) than in the PBC (15%) or control (0%) groups; moreover, it was positively associated with fibrotic progression, although it was not an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS TNFRSF14 and LIGHT are promising candidate markers for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan.
| | - Suguru Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakatsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- Division of Research, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Kanto Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid of Public School Teachers, 6-25-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-0098, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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181
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Artomov M, Loboda AA, Artyomov MN, Daly MJ. Public platform with 39,472 exome control samples enables association studies without genotype sharing. Nat Genet 2024; 56:327-335. [PMID: 38200129 PMCID: PMC10864173 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Acquiring a sufficiently powered cohort of control samples matched to a case sample can be time-consuming or, in some cases, impossible. Accordingly, an ability to leverage genetic data from control samples that were already collected elsewhere could dramatically improve power in genetic association studies. Sharing of control samples can pose significant challenges, since most human genetic data are subject to strict sharing regulations. Here, using the properties of singular value decomposition and subsampling algorithm, we developed a method allowing selection of the best-matching controls in an external pool of samples compliant with personal data protection and eliminating the need for genotype sharing. We provide access to a library of 39,472 exome sequencing controls at http://dnascore.net enabling association studies for case cohorts lacking control subjects. Using this approach, control sets can be selected from this online library with a prespecified matching accuracy, ensuring well-calibrated association analysis for both rare and common variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykyta Artomov
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander A Loboda
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
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182
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Nambu R, Kudo T, Tachibana N, Shimizu H, Mizuochi T, Kato S, Inoue M, Kumagai H, Ishige T, Kunisaki R, Noguchi A, Yodoshi T, Hagiwara SI, Nishimata S, Kakuta F, Saito T, Iwama I, Hirano Y, Shimizu T, Arai K. Prognosis of pediatric ulcerative colitis after infliximab failure: A multicenter registry-based cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:312-318. [PMID: 38058020 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Even with increasing numbers of biologic agents available for management of ulcerative colitis (UC), infliximab (IFX) retains an important place in treatment of pediatric patients with this disease. As few reports have addressed outcomes in pediatric UC patients who had to discontinue IFX, we examined clinical course and prognosis after IFX failure in pediatric UC. METHODS A prospective cohort study of pertinent cases enrolled in the Japanese Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry between 2012 and 2020 was conducted to determine outcomes for pediatric UC patients who received IFX but required its discontinuation during follow-up (IFX failure). RESULTS Of the 301 pediatric UC patients in the registry, 75 were treated with IFX; in 36 of these, IFX was discontinued during follow-up. Severity of UC at onset and absence of concomitant immunomodulator therapy were significant risk factors for IFX failure (P = 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively). The cumulative colectomy rate after IFX failure was 41.3% at 1 year and 47.5% at 2 years. Colectomy was significantly more frequent when IFX was discontinued before June 1, 2018, than when IFX was discontinued later (P = 0.013). This difference likely involves availability of additional biologic agents for treatment of UC beginning in mid-2018 (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION In pediatric UC patients, approximately 50% underwent colectomy during a 2-year interval following IFX failure. Prognosis after IFX failure appeared to improve with availability of new biologic agents and small-molecule drugs in mid-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nambu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Tachibana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimizu
- Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mizuochi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sawako Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideki Kumagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Gunma University Graduate, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reiko Kunisaki
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Noguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichiro Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nishimata
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kakuta
- Department of General Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itaru Iwama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirano
- Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Arai
- Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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183
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Huang K, Huang S, Xiong M. Correlations between genetically predicted lipid-lowering drug targets and inflammatory bowel disease. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:31. [PMID: 38287401 PMCID: PMC10823737 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of individuals globally suffer from Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). There is a dearth of large population-based investigations on lipid metabolism and IBDs, and it is unclear whether lipid-lowering drugs target IBDs causally. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipid-lowering medication targets on the occurrence and progression of IBDs. METHODS Among the more than 400,000 participants in the UK Biobank cohort and the more than 170,000 participants in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium, a total of nine genes linked to lipid-lowering drug targets were obtained (ABCG5/ABCG8, APOB, APOC3, LDLR, LPL, HMGCR, NPC1L1, PCSK9, and PPARA). IBD data were acquired from de Lange et al. (patients/sample size of IBDs: 25042/59957; ulcerative colitis (UC): 12366/45,975; Crohn's disease (CD): 12194/40,266) and the FinnGen cohort (patients/total sample size of IBDs: 4420/176,899; CD: 1520/171,906; UC: 3325/173,711). All four datasets were cross-combined for validation via Mendelian randomization analysis, and potential mediating factors were explored via mediation analysis. RESULTS Genetically proxied APOC3 inhibition was related to increased IBD risk (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.87 (0.80-0.95); P < 0.01) and UC risk (0.83 (0.73-0.94); P < 0.01). IBD and CD risk were reduced by genetic mimicry of LDLR and LPL enhancements, respectively (odds ratioLDLR: 1.18 (1.03-1.36); P = 0.018; odds ratioCD: 1.26 (1.11-1.43); P = 2.60E-04). Genetically proxied HMGCR inhibition was associated with increased CD risk (0.68 (0.50-0.94); P = 0.018). These findings were confirmed through Mendelian analysis of the cross-combination of four separate datasets. APOC3-mediated triglyceride levels may contribute to IBDs partly through mediated triglycerides, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Clostridiaceae 1, or the Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group. LDLR enhancement may contribute to IBDs partly through increasing Lactobacillaceae. CONCLUSION Vigilance is required to prevent adverse effects on IBDs (UC) for patients receiving volanesorsen (an antisense oligonucleotide targeting ApoC3 mRNA) and adverse effects on CD for statin users. LPL and LDLR show promise as candidate drug targets for CD and IBD, respectively, with mechanisms that are potentially independent of their lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Shenan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Ming Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330000, China.
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184
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Gordon H, Burisch J, Ellul P, Karmiris K, Katsanos K, Allocca M, Bamias G, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Braithwaite T, Greuter T, Harwood C, Juillerat P, Lobaton T, Müller-Ladner U, Noor N, Pellino G, Savarino E, Schramm C, Soriano A, Michael Stein J, Uzzan M, van Rheenen PF, Vavricka SR, Vecchi M, Zuily S, Kucharzik T. ECCO Guidelines on Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:1-37. [PMID: 37351850 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gordon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Johan Burisch
- Gastrounit, medical division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children, Adolescents and Adults, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Ellul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, University and Medical School of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mariangela Allocca
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta
- University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Department of Gastroenterology - IBD Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Tasanee Braithwaite
- School of Immunology and Microbiology, King's College London, The Medical Eye Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, GZO - Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Lausanne - CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London; Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Gastroenterology, Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Crohn and Colitis Center, Gastro-entérologie Beaulieu SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Triana Lobaton
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent; Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nurulamin Noor
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona UAB, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Gastroenterology Division and IBD Center, Internal Medicine Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Jürgen Michael Stein
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Centre Rhein-Main, Frankfurt/Main, Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, DGD Clinics Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mathieu Uzzan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Patrick F van Rheenen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephane Zuily
- Vascular Medicine Division and French Referral Center for Rare Auto-Immune Diseases, Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC and CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Torsten Kucharzik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lüneburg Hospital, University of Münster, Lüneburg, Germany
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185
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Hurych J, Mascellani Bergo A, Lerchova T, Hlinakova L, Kubat M, Malcova H, Cebecauerova D, Schwarz J, Karaskova E, Hecht T, Vyhnanek R, Toukalkova L, Dotlacil V, Greinerova K, Cizkova A, Horvath R, Bronsky J, Havlik J, Hradsky O, Cinek O. Faecal Bacteriome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with Decreased Mucosal Inflammatory Activity Upon Anti-TNF Therapy in Paediatric Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:106-120. [PMID: 37527838 PMCID: PMC10821711 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor α antibodies [anti-TNF] changes the dysbiotic faecal bacteriome in Crohn's disease [CD]. However, it is not known whether these changes are due to decreasing mucosal inflammatory activity or whether similar bacteriome reactions might be observed in gut-healthy subjects. Therefore, we explored changes in the faecal bacteriome and metabolome upon anti-TNF administration [and therapeutic response] in children with CD and contrasted those to anti-TNF-treated children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA]. METHODS Faecal samples collected longitudinally before and during anti-TNF therapy were analysed with regard to the bacteriome by massively parallel sequencing of the 16S rDNA [V4 region] and the faecal metabolome by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The response to treatment by mucosal healing was assessed by the MINI index at 3 months after the treatment started. We also tested several representative gut bacterial strains for in vitro growth inhibition by infliximab. RESULTS We analysed 530 stool samples from 121 children [CD 54, JIA 18, healthy 49]. Bacterial community composition changed on anti-TNF in CD: three members of the class Clostridia increased on anti-TNF, whereas the class Bacteroidia decreased. Among faecal metabolites, glucose and glycerol increased, whereas isoleucine and uracil decreased. Some of these changes differed by treatment response [mucosal healing] after anti-TNF. No significant changes in the bacteriome or metabolome were noted upon anti-TNF in JIA. Bacterial growth was not affected by infliximab in a disc diffusion test. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that gut mucosal healing is responsible for the bacteriome and metabolome changes observed in CD, rather than any general effect of anti-TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hurych
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Mascellani Bergo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech Univesity of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tereza Lerchova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Hlinakova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Kubat
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Malcova
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Rheumatology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dita Cebecauerova
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Rheumatology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Schwarz
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University and University Hospital Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Eva Karaskova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomas Hecht
- Department of Paediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radim Vyhnanek
- Department of Paediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Vojtech Dotlacil
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Rudolf Horvath
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Rheumatology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Bronsky
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech Univesity of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Hradsky
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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186
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Kim K, Oh SJ, Lee J, Kwon A, Yu CY, Kim S, Choi CH, Kang SB, Kim TO, Park DI, Lee CK. Regulatory Variants on the Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Gene Cluster are Associated with Crohn's Disease and Interact with Regulatory Variants for TAP2. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:47-53. [PMID: 37523193 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] has a complex polygenic aetiology with high heritability. There is ongoing effort to identify novel variants associated with susceptibility to CD through a genome-wide association study [GWAS] in large Korean populations. METHODS Genome-wide variant data from 902 Korean patients with CD and 72 179 controls were used to assess the genetic associations in a meta-analysis with previous Korean GWAS results from 1621 patients with CD and 4419 controls. Epistatic interactions between CD-risk variants of interest were tested using a multivariate logistic regression model with an interaction term. RESULTS We identified two novel genetic associations with the risk of CD near ZBTB38 and within the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor [LILR] gene cluster [p < 5 × 10-8], with highly consistent effect sizes between the two independent Korean cohorts. CD-risk variants in the LILR locus are known quantitative trait loci [QTL] for multiple LILR genes, of which LILRB2 directly interacts with various ligands including MHC class I molecules. The LILR lead variant exhibited a significant epistatic interaction with CD-associated regulatory variants for TAP2 involved in the antigen presentation of MHC class I molecules [p = 4.11 × 10-4], showing higher CD-risk effects of the TAP2 variant in individuals carrying more risk alleles of the LILR lead variant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.941, p = 0.686 in non-carriers; OR = 1.45, p = 2.51 × 10-4 in single-copy carriers; OR = 2.38, p = 2.76 × 10-6 in two-copy carriers). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that genetic variants at two novel susceptibility loci and the epistatic interaction between variants in LILR and TAP2 loci confer a risk of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwoo Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ju Oh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayeong Kwon
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Yu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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187
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Atia O, Friss C, Focht G, Magen Rimon R, Ledderman N, Greenfeld S, Ben-Tov A, Loewenberg Weisband Y, Matz E, Gorelik Y, Chowers Y, Dotan I, Turner D. Durability of the First Biologic in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Nationwide Study from the epi-IIRN. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:38-46. [PMID: 37465992 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this nationwide study we aimed to compare the durability of the first initiated biologic in Crohn's disease [CD], stratified by monotherapy and combotherapy. METHODS We used data from the epi-IIRN cohort, which includes 98% of the Israeli inflammatory bowel disease population [2005-2020]. Durability was defined as consistent treatment without surgery or added medications [except for combination therapy with thiopurines or methotrexate]. All comparisons were based on stringent propensity-score matching and paired time-to-event analyses. RESULTS A total of 19 264 patients with CD were included, of whom 7452 [39%] received biologics with a median follow-up of 6.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 3.6-10.7). Time to biologics decreased gradually from 6.7 years [IQR 2.7-10.4] in 2005 to 0.2 years [0.07-0.23] in 2020. The durability of the first biologic after 1 and 3 years was higher with adalimumab monotherapy [88%/61%] than vedolizumab monotherapy [81%/59%; n = 394 matched patients, p = 0.04] and similar between infliximab monotherapy and vedolizumab monotherapy [65%/43%; n = 182 matched patients, p = 0.1]. Durability was higher in adalimumab monotherapy vs infliximab monotherapy [83%/62% vs 71%/48% at 1/3 years; p <0.001] and it was similar in adalimumab monotherapy vs infliximab combotherapy [87%/63% vs 80%/58%, respectively; p = 0.1]. Durability was higher in combotherapy compared with monotherapy for both infliximab [85%/64% vs 67%/43%, respectively; n = 496 matched pairs, p <0.001], and adalimumab [93%/76% vs 82%/62%, respectively; n = 540 matched pairs, p <0.001]. CONCLUSION Durability of the first biologic in CD was highest for adalimumab monotherapy. Combotherapy further increased the durability of adalimumab and infliximab. Unless otherwise indicated, our data may support using anti-tumour necrosis factors [TNFs] as first-line biologics in CD, particularly adalimumab if monotherapy is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Atia
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chagit Friss
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gili Focht
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ramit Magen Rimon
- Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Institute, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus and the Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shira Greenfeld
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Ben-Tov
- Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Eran Matz
- Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuri Gorelik
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology and the Gastroenterology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Chowers
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology and the Gastroenterology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Turner
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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188
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Ouahed JD, Griffith A, Collen LV, Snapper SB. Breaking Down Barriers: Epithelial Contributors to Monogenic IBD Pathogenesis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izad319. [PMID: 38280053 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic causes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasingly being discovered. To date, much attention has been placed in those resulting from inborn errors of immunity. Therapeutic efforts have been largely focused on offering personalized immune modulation or curative bone marrow transplant for patients with IBD and underlying immune disorders. To date, less emphasis has been placed on monogenic causes of IBD that pertain to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of monogenic causes of IBD that result in impaired intestinal epithelial barrier that are categorized into 6 important functions: (1) epithelial cell organization, (2) epithelial cell intrinsic functions, (3) epithelial cell apoptosis and necroptosis, (4) complement activation, (5) epithelial cell signaling, and (6) control of RNA degradation products. We illustrate how impairment of any of these categories can result in IBD. This work reviews the current understanding of the genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier, the inheritance patterns that result in dysfunction, features of IBD resulting from these disorders, and pertinent translational work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie D Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Griffith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren V Collen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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189
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Yang Y, Fu KZ, Pan G. Role of Oncostatin M in the prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:228-238. [PMID: 38328320 PMCID: PMC10845284 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine which is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To evaluate the prognostic role of OSM in IBD patients. METHODS Literature search was conducted in electronic databases (Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Wiley). Studies were selected if they reported prognostic information about OSM in IBD patients. Outcome data were synthesized, and meta-analyses were performed to estimate standardized mean differences (SMDs) in OSM levels between treatment responders and non-responders and to seek overall correlations of OSM with other inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS Sixteen studies (818 Crohn's disease and 686 ulcerative colitis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-based therapies) were included. OSM levels were associated with IBD severity. A meta-analysis found significantly higher OSM levels in non-responders than in responders to therapy [SMD 0.80 (0.33, 1.27); P = 0.001], in non-remitters than in remitters [SMD 0.75 (95%CI: 0.35 to 1.16); P < 0.0001] and in patients with no mucosal healing than in those with mucosal healing [SMD 0.63 (0.30, 0.95); P < 0.0001]. Area under receiver operator curve values showed considerable variability between studies but in general higher OSM levels were associated with poor prognosis. OSM had significant correlations with Simple Endoscopic Score of Crohn's disease [r = 0.47 (95%CI: 0.25 to 0.64); P < 0.0001], Mayo Endoscopic Score [r = 0.35 (95%CI: 0.28 to 0.41); P < 0.0001], fecal calprotectin [r = 0.19 (95%CI: 0.08 to 0.3); P = 0.001], C-reactive protein [r = 0.25 (95%CI: 0.11 to 0.39); P < 0.0001], and platelet count [r = 0.28 (95%CI: 0.17 to 0.39); P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION OSM is a potential candidate for determining the severity of disease and predicting the outcomes of anti-tumor necrosis factor-based therapies in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology III, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kan-Zuo Fu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150056, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology III, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150036, Heilongjiang Province, China
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190
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Geesala R, Recharla N, Zhang K, Johnson JC, Golovko G, Khanipov K, Brining DL, Shi XZ. Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Beneficially Modulates Gut Microbiome in a Preclinical Model of Crohn's-like Colitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:363. [PMID: 38337648 PMCID: PMC10857303 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an established dietary treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) by alleviating inflammation and inducing remission. However, the mechanisms of action of EEN are incompletely understood. As CD is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis, we investigated the effect of EEN on the microbiome in a rat model of CD-like colitis. The rat model of CD-like colitis was established by an intracolonic instillation of TNBS at 65 mg/kg in 250 µL of 40% ethanol. Sham control rats were instilled with saline. Rats were fed ad libitum with either regular pellet food or EEN treatment with a clear liquid diet (Ensure). Rats were euthanized at 7 days. Fecal pellets were collected from the distal colon for 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of gut microbiota. In addition, colon tissues were taken for histological and molecular analyses in all the groups of rats. EEN administration to TNBS-induced CD rats significantly improved the body weight change, inflammation scores, and disease activity index. The mRNA expression of IL-17A and interferon-γ was significantly increased in the colonic tissue in TNBS rats when fed with regular food. However, EEN treatment significantly attenuated the increase in IL-17A and interferon-γ in TNBS rats. Our 16S rRNA sequencing analysis found that gut microbiota diversity and compositions were significantly altered in TNBS rats, compared to controls. However, EEN treatment improved alpha diversity and increased certain beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Dubosiella and decreased bacteria such as Bacteroides and Enterorhabdus in CD-like rats, compared to CD-like rats with the regular pellet diet. In conclusion, EEN treatment increases the diversity of gut microbiota and the composition of certain beneficial bacteria. These effects may contribute to the reduced inflammation by EEN in the rat model of CD-like colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (K.Z.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Neeraja Recharla
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (K.Z.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (K.Z.); (J.C.J.)
| | - John C. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (K.Z.); (J.C.J.)
| | - George Golovko
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (G.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (G.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Douglas L. Brining
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Xuan-Zheng Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (R.G.); (N.R.); (K.Z.); (J.C.J.)
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191
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Chen Y, Li X, Sun R, Yang F, Tian W, Huang Q. Screening and experimental validation of diagnostic gene in ulcerative colitis with anti-TNF-α therapy. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38269750 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In clinical practice, the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) mainly relies on a comprehensive analysis of a series of signs and symptoms of patients. The current biomarkers for diagnosis of UC and prognostic prediction of anti-TNF-α therapy are inaccurate. The present study aimed to perform an integrative analysis of gene expression profiles in patients with UC. A total of seven datasets from the GEO database that met our strict inclusion criteria were included. After identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC patients and healthy individuals, the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the DEGs were then analyzed via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and support-vector machine recursive feature elimination. Subgroup analyses of the treated and untreated groups, as well as the treatment-response group and non-response group, were also performed. Furthermore, the relationship between the expressions of UC-related genes and infiltration of immune cells in the course of treatment was also investigated. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was used to verify the gene expression in inflamed UC tissues. When considering all the applied methods, DUOX2, PI3, S100P, MMP7, and S100A8 had priority to be defined as the characteristic genes among DEGs. The area under curve (AUC) of the five genes, which were all consistently over-expressed, based on an external validation dataset, were all above 0.94 for UC diagnosis. Four of the five genes (DUOX2, PI3, MMP7, and S100A8) were down-regulated between treatment-responsive and nonresponsive patients. A significant difference was also observed concerning the infiltration of immune cells, including macrophage and neutrophil, between the two groups (treatment responsive and nonresponsive). The changes in the expression of DUOX2 and MMP7 based on the IHC assay were highly consistent with the results obtained in the current study. This confirmed the mild to moderate diagnostic and predictive value of DUOX2 and MMP7 in patients with UC. The conducted analyses showed that the expression profile of the five identified biomarkers accurately detects UC, whereas four of the five genes evidently predicted the response to anti-TNF-α therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Sun
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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192
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Rahman AA, Stavely R, Pan W, Ott L, Ohishi K, Ohkura T, Han C, Hotta R, Goldstein AM. Optogenetic Activation of Cholinergic Enteric Neurons Reduces Inflammation in Experimental Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:907-921. [PMID: 38272444 PMCID: PMC11026705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal inflammation is associated with loss of enteric cholinergic neurons. Given the systemic anti-inflammatory role of cholinergic innervation, we hypothesized that enteric cholinergic neurons similarly possess anti-inflammatory properties and may represent a novel target to treat inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Mice were fed 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce colitis. Cholinergic enteric neurons, which express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), were focally ablated in the midcolon of ChAT::Cre;R26-iDTR mice by local injection of diphtheria toxin before colitis induction. Activation of enteric cholinergic neurons was achieved using ChAT::Cre;R26-ChR2 mice, in which ChAT+ neurons express channelrhodopsin-2, with daily blue light stimulation delivered via an intracolonic probe during the 7 days of DSS treatment. Colitis severity, ENS structure, and smooth muscle contractility were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, organ bath, and electromyography. In vitro studies assessed the anti-inflammatory role of enteric cholinergic neurons on cultured muscularis macrophages. RESULTS Ablation of ChAT+ neurons in DSS-treated mice exacerbated colitis, as measured by weight loss, colon shortening, histologic inflammation, and CD45+ cell infiltration, and led to colonic dysmotility. Conversely, optogenetic activation of enteric cholinergic neurons improved colitis, preserved smooth muscle contractility, protected against loss of cholinergic neurons, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production. Both acetylcholine and optogenetic cholinergic neuron activation in vitro reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated muscularis macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that enteric cholinergic neurons have an anti-inflammatory role in the colon and should be explored as a potential inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Rahman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weikang Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah Ott
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kensuke Ohishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceuticals Company, Ltd, Akitakata, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohkura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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193
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Gray SM, Moss AD, Herzog JW, Kashiwagi S, Liu B, Young JB, Sun S, Bhatt A, Fodor AA, Balfour Sartor R. Mouse Adaptation of Human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Microbiota Enhances Colonization Efficiency and Alters Microbiome Aggressiveness Depending on Recipient Colonic Inflammatory Environment. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.23.576862. [PMID: 38328082 PMCID: PMC10849574 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the cause vs consequence relationship of gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) requires a reproducible mouse model of human-microbiota-driven experimental colitis. Our study demonstrated that human fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) transfer efficiency is an underappreciated source of experimental variability in human microbiota associated (HMA) mice. Pooled human IBD patient fecal microbiota engrafted germ-free (GF) mice with low amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level transfer efficiency, resulting in high recipient-to-recipient variation of microbiota composition and colitis severity in HMA Il-10-/- mice. In contrast, mouse-to-mouse transfer of mouse-adapted human IBD patient microbiota transferred with high efficiency and low compositional variability resulting in highly consistent and reproducible colitis phenotypes in recipient Il-10-/- mice. Human-to-mouse FMT caused a population bottleneck with reassembly of microbiota composition that was host inflammatory environment specific. Mouse-adaptation in the inflamed Il-10-/- host reassembled a more aggressive microbiota that induced more severe colitis in serial transplant to Il-10-/- mice than the distinct microbiota reassembled in non-inflamed WT hosts. Our findings support a model of IBD pathogenesis in which host inflammation promotes aggressive resident bacteria, which further drives a feed-forward process of dysbiosis exacerbated gut inflammation. This model implies that effective management of IBD requires treating both the dysregulated host immune response and aggressive inflammation-driven microbiota. We propose that our mouse-adapted human microbiota model is an optimized, reproducible, and rigorous system to study human microbiome-driven disease phenotypes, which may be generalized to mouse models of other human microbiota-modulated diseases, including metabolic syndrome/obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Gray
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anh D. Moss
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Herzog
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saori Kashiwagi
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline B. Young
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Aadra Bhatt
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Gnotobiotic Rodent Resource Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ravichandran P, Parsana P, Keener R, Hansen KD, Battle A. Aggregation of recount3 RNA-seq data improves inference of consensus and tissue-specific gene co-expression networks. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.20.576447. [PMID: 38328080 PMCID: PMC10849507 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) describe relationships among expressed genes key to maintaining cellular identity and homeostasis. However, the small sample size of typical RNA-seq experiments which is several orders of magnitude fewer than the number of genes is too low to infer GCNs reliably. recount3, a publicly available dataset comprised of 316,443 uniformly processed human RNA-seq samples, provides an opportunity to improve power for accurate network reconstruction and obtain biological insight from the resulting networks. Results We compared alternate aggregation strategies to identify an optimal workflow for GCN inference by data aggregation and inferred three consensus networks: a universal network, a non-cancer network, and a cancer network in addition to 27 tissue context-specific networks. Central network genes from our consensus networks were enriched for evolutionarily constrained genes and ubiquitous biological pathways, whereas central context-specific network genes included tissue-specific transcription factors and factorization based on the hubs led to clustering of related tissue contexts. We discovered that annotations corresponding to context-specific networks inferred from aggregated data were enriched for trait heritability beyond known functional genomic annotations and were significantly more enriched when we aggregated over a larger number of samples. Conclusion This study outlines best practices for network GCN inference and evaluation by data aggregation. We recommend estimating and regressing confounders in each data set before aggregation and prioritizing large sample size studies for GCN reconstruction. Increased statistical power in inferring context-specific networks enabled the derivation of variant annotations that were enriched for concordant trait heritability independent of functional genomic annotations that are context-agnostic. While we observed strictly increasing held-out log-likelihood with data aggregation, we noted diminishing marginal improvements. Future directions aimed at alternate methods for estimating confounders and integrating orthogonal information from modalities such as Hi-C and ChIP-seq can further improve GCN inference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Princy Parsana
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Keener
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaspar D Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Data Science and AI Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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González-Lama Y, Ricart E, Carpio D, Bastida G, Ceballos D, Ginard D, Marin-Jimenez I, Menchen L, Muñoz F. Controversies in the management of anti-TNF therapy in patients with Crohn's disease: a Delphi consensus. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024; 11:e001246. [PMID: 38267072 PMCID: PMC10870792 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite research, there are still controversial areas in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). OBJECTIVE To establish practical recommendations on using anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. METHODS Clinical controversies in the management of CD using anti-TNF therapies were identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed, and a national survey was launched to examine current clinical practices when using anti-TNF therapies. Their results were discussed by expert gastroenterologists within a nominal group meeting, and a set of statements was proposed and tested in a Delphi process. RESULTS Qualitative study. The survey and Delphi process were sent to 244 CD-treating physicians (response rate: 58%). A total of 14 statements were generated. All but two achieved agreement. These statements cover: (1) use of first-line non-anti-TNF biological therapy; (2) role of HLA-DQA1*05 in daily practice; (3) attitudes in primary non-response and loss of response to anti-TNF therapy due to immunogenicity; (4) use of ustekinumab or vedolizumab if a change in action mechanism is warranted; (5) anti-TNF drug level monitoring; (6) combined therapy with an immunomodulator. CONCLUSION This document sought to pull together the best evidence, experts' opinions, and treating physicians' attitudes when using anti-TNF therapies in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago González-Lama
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Gastroenterology Department, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carpio
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Ceballos
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniel Ginard
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Luis Menchen
- Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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196
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Aggeletopoulou I, Kalafateli M, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Exploring the role of IL-1β in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1307394. [PMID: 38323035 PMCID: PMC10845338 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1307394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a significant mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. The balance between IL-1β and its endogenous inhibitor-IL-1Ra-, plays a critical role in both initiation and regulation of inflammation. However, the precise role of IL-1β as a causative factor in IBD or simply a consequence of inflammation remains unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular and cellular characteristics of IL-1β, describes the existing evidence on the role of this cytokine as a modulator of intestinal homeostasis and an activator of inflammatory responses, and also discusses the role of microRNAs in the regulation of IL-1β-related inflammatory responses in IBD. Current evidence indicates that IL-1β is involved in several aspects during IBD as it greatly contributes to the induction of pro-inflammatory responses through the recruitment and activation of immune cells to the gut mucosa. In parallel, IL-1β is involved in the intestinal barrier disruption and modulates the differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells by activating the Th17 cell differentiation, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Dysbiosis in the gut can also stimulate immune cells to release IL-1β, which, in turn, promotes inflammation. Lastly, increasing evidence pinpoints the central role of miRNAs involvement in IL-1β-related signaling during IBD, particularly in the maintenance of homeostasis within the intestinal epithelium. In conclusion, given the crucial role of IL-1β in the promotion of inflammation and immune responses in IBD, the targeting of this cytokine or its receptors represents a promising therapeutic approach. Further research into the IL-1β-associated post-transcriptional modifications may elucidate the intricate role of this cytokine in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kalafateli
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efthymios P. Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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197
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Kwon SJ, Khan MS, Kim SG. Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration-Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1311. [PMID: 38279309 PMCID: PMC10816399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract's inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (M.S.K.)
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198
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Zhang H, Kalla R, Chen J, Zhao J, Zhou X, Adams A, Noble A, Ventham NT, Wellens J, Ho GT, Dunlop MG, Nowak JK, Ding Y, Liu Z, Satsangi J, Theodoratou E, Li X. Altered DNA methylation within DNMT3A, AHRR, LTA/TNF loci mediates the effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:595. [PMID: 38238335 PMCID: PMC10796384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aims to investigate how smoking exerts effect on the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A prospective cohort study and a Mendelian randomization study are first conducted to evaluate the association between smoking behaviors, smoking-related DNA methylation and the risks of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We then perform both genome-wide methylation analysis and co-localization analysis to validate the observed associations. Compared to never smoking, current and previous smoking habits are associated with increased CD (P = 7.09 × 10-10) and UC (P < 2 × 10-16) risk, respectively. DNA methylation alteration at cg17742416 [DNMT3A] is linked to both CD (P = 7.30 × 10-8) and UC (P = 1.04 × 10-4) risk, while cg03599224 [LTA/TNF] is associated with CD risk (P = 1.91 × 10-6), and cg14647125 [AHRR] and cg23916896 [AHRR] are linked to UC risk (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Our study identifies biological mechanisms and pathways involved in the effects of smoking on the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rahul Kalla
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra Noble
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T Ventham
- Academic Coloproctology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Wellens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jan Krzysztof Nowak
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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199
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Kim JE, Oh SJ, Lee CK. Forecasting the future prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Korea through 2048: an epidemiologic study employing autoregressive integrated moving average models. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38233639 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The global inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) escalation has precipitated an increased disease burden and economic impact, particularly in Asia. This study primarily aimed to predict the future prevalence of IBD in Korea and elucidate its evolution pattern. METHODS Using a validated diagnostic algorithm, we analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2004 and 2017 to identify patients with IBD. We predicted the number and prevalence of patients with IBD from 2018 to 2048 with the autoregressive integrated moving average method. A generalized linear model (GLM) was also employed to identify factors contributing to the observed trend in IBD prevalence. RESULTS Our prediction model validation demonstrated an acceptable error range for IBD prevalence, with a 2.45% error rate and a mean absolute difference of 2.61. We foresee a sustained average annual increase of 4.51 IBD cases per 100 000, culminating in a prevalence of 239.73 per 100 000 by 2048. The forecasted average annual percent change was 6.17% for males and 2.75% for females over the next 30 years. The GLM analysis revealed that age, gender and time significantly impact the prevalence of IBD, with notable disparities observed between genders in specific age groups for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (all interaction P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study forecasts a notable increase in Korean IBD prevalence by 2048, particularly among males and the 20-39 age group, highlighting the need to focus on these high-risk groups to mitigate the future disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Ju Oh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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200
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Mathew NE, McCaffrey D, Walker AK, Mallitt KA, Masi A, Morris MJ, Ooi CY. The search for gastrointestinal inflammation in autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-invasive gastrointestinal markers. Mol Autism 2024; 15:4. [PMID: 38233886 PMCID: PMC10795298 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases exist at higher rates in the autistic population. It is not clear however whether autism is associated with elevated gastrointestinal inflammation as studies examining non-invasive faecal biomarkers report conflicting findings. To understand the research landscape and identify gaps, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies measuring non-invasive markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in autistic and non-autistic samples. Our examination focused on faecal biomarkers as sampling is non-invasive and these markers are a direct reflection of inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS We extracted data from case-control studies examining faecal markers of gastrointestinal inflammation. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection and Epistemonikos and forward and backwards citations of included studies published up to April 14, 2023 (PROSPERO CRD42022369279). RESULTS There were few studies examining faecal markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in the autistic population, and many established markers have not been studied. Meta-analyses of studies examining calprotectin (n = 9) and lactoferrin (n = 3) were carried out. A total of 508 autistic children and adolescents and 397 non-autistic children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis of calprotectin studies which found no significant group differences (ROM: 1.30 [0.91, 1.86]). Estimated differences in calprotectin were lower in studies with siblings and studies which did not exclude non-autistic controls with gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 139 autistic participants and 75 non-autistic controls were included in the meta-analysis of lactoferrin studies which found no significant group differences (ROM: 1.27 [0.79, 2.04]). LIMITATIONS All studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis examined children and adolescents. Many studies included non-autistic controls with gastrointestinal symptoms which limit the validity of their findings. The majority of studies of gastrointestinal inflammation focused on children under 12 with few studies including adolescent participants. Most studies that included participants aged four or under did not account for the impact of age on calprotectin levels. Future studies should screen for relevant confounders, include larger samples and explore gastrointestinal inflammation in autistic adolescents and adults. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence to suggest higher levels of gastrointestinal inflammation as measured by calprotectin and lactoferrin are present in autistic children and adolescents at the population level. Preliminary evidence suggests however that higher calprotectin levels may be present in a subset of autistic participants, who may be clinically characterised by more severe gastrointestinal symptoms and higher levels of autistic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha E Mathew
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Delyse McCaffrey
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kylie-Ann Mallitt
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Anne Masi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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