151
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Chowdhury A, Mitra D. A kinetic study on the Novozyme 435-catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids with octanol to produce octyl esters. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1494-9. [PMID: 26334440 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Octyl esters can serve as an important class of biolubricant components replacing their mineral oil counterparts. The purpose of the current work was to investigate the enzymatic esterification reaction of free fatty acids (FFA, from waste cooking oil) with octanol in a solvent-free system using a commercial lipase Novozyme 435. It was found that the esterificaton reaction followed the Ping-pong bi-bi kinetics with no inhibition by substrates or products within the studied concentration range. The maximum reaction rate was estimated to be 0.041 mol L(-1) g(-1) h(-1) . Additionally, the stability of Novozyme 435 in the current reaction system was studied by determining its activity and final conversion of FFA to esters after 12 successive utilizations. Novozyme 435 exhibited almost 100% enzyme activity up to 7 cycles of reaction and gradually decreased (by 5%) thereafter. The kinetic parameters evaluated from the study shall assist in the design of reactors for large-scale production of octyl esters from a cheap biomass source. The enzyme reusability data can further facilitate mass production by curtailing the cost of expensive enzyme consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisha Chowdhury
- Dept. of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Debarati Mitra
- Dept. of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
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152
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Panizza P, Cesarini S, Diaz P, Rodríguez Giordano S. Saturation mutagenesis in selected amino acids to shift Pseudomonas sp. acidic lipase Lip I.3 substrate specificity and activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1330-3. [PMID: 25482450 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08477b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several Pseudomonas sp. CR611 Lip I.3 mutants with overall increased activity and a shift towards longer chain substrates were constructed. Substitution of residues Y29 and W310 by smaller amino acids provided increased activity on C18-substrates. Residues G152 and S154, modified to study their influence on interfacial activation, displayed a five and eleven fold increased activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Panizza
- Bioscience Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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153
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Bueso F, Moreno L, Cedeño M, Manzanarez K. Lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production and quality with Jatropha curcas oil: exploring its potential for Central America. J Biol Eng 2015. [PMID: 26213567 PMCID: PMC4513677 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive native Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) crop areas have been planted in Central America marginal lands since 2008 as a non-edible prospective feedstock alternative to high-value, edible palm oil. Jatropha biodiesel is currently exclusively produced in the region at commercial scale utilizing alkaline catalysts. Recently, a free, soluble Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) 1,3 specific lipase has shown promise as biocatalyst, reportedly yielding up to 96 % ASTM D6751 compliant biodiesel after 24 h transesterification of soybean, canola oils and other feedstocks. Biodiesel conversion rate and quality of enzymatically catalyzed transesterification of Jatropha oil was evaluated. Two lipases: free, soluble TL and immobilized Candida antarctica (CA) catalyzed methanolic transesterification of crude Jatropha and refined palm oil. Results Jatropha yields were similar to palm biodiesel with NaOH as catalyst. After 24 h transesterification, Jatropha (81 %) and palm oil (86 %) biodiesel yields with TL as catalyst were significantly higher than CA (<70 %) but inferior to NaOH (>90 %). Enzymatic catalysts (TL and CA) produced Jatropha biodiesel with optimum flow properties but did not complied with ASTM D6751 stability parameters (free fatty acid content and oil stability index). Conclusions Biodiesel production with filtered, degummed, low FFA Jatropha oil using a free liquid lipase (TL) as catalyst showed higher yielding potential than immobilized CA lipase as substitute of RBD palm oil with alkaline catalyst. However, Jatropha enzymatic biodiesel yield and stability were inferior to alkaline catalyzed biodiesel and not in compliance with international quality standards. Lower quality due to incomplete alcoholysis and esterification, potential added costs due to need of more than 24 h to achieve comparable biodiesel yields and extra post-transesterification refining reactions are among the remaining drawbacks for the environmentally friendlier enzymatic catalysis of crude Jatropha oil to become an economically viable alternative to chemical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bueso
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Luis Moreno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Mathew Cedeño
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Karla Manzanarez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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154
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Optimization of the lipase-catalyzed irreversible transesterification of Pistacia chinensis Bunge seed oil for biodiesel production. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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155
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156
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Tang T, Yuan C, Hwang H, Zhao X, Ramkrishna D, Liu D, Varma A. Engineering surface hydrophobicity improves activity of
Bacillus thermocatenulatus
lipase 2 enzyme. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1762-9. [PMID: 26097135 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongli Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyun‐Tae Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Arvind Varma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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157
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce a great variety of enzymes, and research on their biotechnological potential has recently intensified. The objective of this work was to identify, at the species level, using DNA barcoding, 46 fungal isolates obtained from maize grains with rot symptoms. We also analyzed the production of extracellular amylases, cellulases, proteases and lipases of 33 of those fungal isolates. The enzymatic activities were evaluated by the formation of a clear halo or a white precipitate around the colonies in defined substrate media. The found fungi belong to the genera Talaromyces, Stenocarpella, Penicillium, Phlebiopsis, Cladosporium, Hyphopichia, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Irpex, Fusarium, Microdochium, Mucor and Sarocladium. In the genus Fusarium, the species Fusarium verticillioides was predominant and this genus presented the highest diversity, followed by the genera Aspergillus. The best genera for lipase production were Cladosporium and Penicillium; while Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium were best for cellulase activity; Hyphopichia, Aspergillus and Irpex for amylase activity; and Cladosporium and Sarocladium for proteases activity. In conclusion, a collection of fungi from maize seeds presenting rotten symptoms were obtained, among which exist important producers of hydrolases.
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158
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Are Lipases Still Important Biocatalysts? A Study of Scientific Publications and Patents for Technological Forecasting. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131624. [PMID: 26111144 PMCID: PMC4482018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The great potential of lipases is known since 1930 when the work of J. B. S. Haldane was published. After eighty-five years of studies and developments, are lipases still important biocatalysts? For answering this question the present work investigated the technological development of four important industrial sectors where lipases are applied: production of detergent formulations; organic synthesis, focusing on kinetic resolution, production of biodiesel, and production of food and feed products. The analysis was made based on research publications and patent applications, working as scientific and technological indicators, respectively. Their evolution, interaction, the major players of each sector and the main subject matters disclosed in patent documents were discussed. Applying the concept of technology life cycle, S-curves were built by plotting cumulative patent data over time to monitor the attractiveness of each technology for investment. The results lead to a conclusion that the use of lipases as biocatalysts is still a relevant topic for the industrial sector, but developments are still needed for lipase biocatalysis to reach its full potential, which are expected to be achieved within the third, and present, wave of biocatalysis.
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159
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160
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Sattari S, Vahabzadeh F, Aghtaei HK. PERFORMANCE OF LOOFA-IMMOBILIZED Rhizopus oryzae IN THE ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL WITH USE OF OLEIC ACID IN n-HEXANE MEDIUM. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150322s00003525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sattari
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | - F. Vahabzadeh
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | - H. K. Aghtaei
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
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161
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Duarte SH, Hernández GLDP, Canet A, Benaiges MD, Maugeri F, Valero F. Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis from yeast oil using immobilized recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 183:175-180. [PMID: 25731926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase (1-3 positional selective), immobilized on Relizyme OD403, has been applied to the production of biodiesel using single cell oil from Candida sp. LEB-M3 growing on glycerol from biodiesel process. The composition of microbial oil is quite similar in terms of saponifiable lipids than olive oil, although with a higher amount of saturated fatty acids. The reaction was carried out in a solvent system, and n-hexane showed the best performance in terms of yield and easy recovery. The strategy selected for acyl acceptor addition was a stepwise methanol addition using crude and neutralized single cell oil, olive oil and oleic acid as substrates. A FAMEs yield of 40.6% was obtained with microbial oils lower than olive oil 54.3%. Finally in terms of stability, only a lost about 30% after 6 reutilizations were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hartwig Duarte
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - Albert Canet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Maria Dolors Benaiges
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Francisco Maugeri
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francisco Valero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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162
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Mat Radzi S, Abd Rahman NJ, Mohd Noor H, Ariffin N. Improvement on the Catalytic Performance Using Dual Lipases System in the Synthesis of Ferulate Esters. APPLIED MECHANICS AND MATERIALS 2015; 754-755:902-906. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach of dual lipases system was successfully carried out in improving the synthesis of ferulate esters between ethyl ferulate and olive oil. Combination of Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RMIM were used as biocatalyst to improve the reaction performance. Different reaction parameters (ratio of lipases, reaction time, lipase dosage, substrate molar ratio and reaction temperature) were analyzed systematically. A high conversion of ferulate esters (85%) was obtained after 12 hrs of reaction time at optimal conditions of 1:9 w/w (Novozym 435/Lipozyme RMIM), 80 mg of lipase and 1:4 ethyl ferulate:olive oil at 60 oC.
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163
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Hermanová S, Zarevúcká M, Bouša D, Pumera M, Sofer Z. Graphene oxide immobilized enzymes show high thermal and solvent stability. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5852-5858. [PMID: 25757536 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermal and solvent tolerance of enzymes is highly important for their industrial use. We show here that the enzyme lipase from Rhizopus oryzae exhibits exceptionally high thermal stability and high solvent tolerance and even increased activity in acetone when immobilized onto a graphene oxide (GO) nanosupport prepared by Staudenmaier and Brodie methods. We studied various forms of immobilization of the enzyme: by physical adsorption, covalent attachment, and additional crosslinking. The activity recovery was shown to be dependent on the support type, enzyme loading and immobilization procedure. Covalently immobilized lipase showed significantly better resistance to heat inactivation (the activity recovery was 65% at 70 °C) in comparison with the soluble counterpart (the activity recovery was 65% at 40 °C). Physically adsorbed lipase achieved over 100% of the initial activity in a series of organic solvents. These findings, showing enhanced thermal stability and solvent tolerance of graphene oxide immobilized enzyme, will have a profound impact on practical industrial scale uses of enzymes for the conversion of lipids into fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Hermanová
- Department of Polymers, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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164
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Cell Surface Display of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Lip2p Using the Cell Wall Protein YlPir1p, Its Characterization, and Application as a Whole-Cell Biocatalyst. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3888-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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165
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Poppe JK, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC, Ayub MAZ. Enzymatic reactors for biodiesel synthesis: Present status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:511-25. [PMID: 25687275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are being extensively researched for the production of biodiesel as a "silver bullet" in order to avoid the drawbacks of the traditional alkaline transesterification. In this review, we analyzed the main factors involved in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel, focusing in the choice of the immobilization protocol, and the parameters involved in the choice and configuration of the reactors. An extensive discussion is presented about the advantages and disadvantages of each type of reactor and their mode of operation. The current scenario of the market for enzymatic biodiesel and some future prospects and necessary developments are also briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Kathiele Poppe
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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166
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Eş I, Vieira JDG, Amaral AC. Principles, techniques, and applications of biocatalyst immobilization for industrial application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2065-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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167
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Gurunathan B, Ravi A. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using copper doped zinc oxide nanocomposite as heterogeneous catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:124-127. [PMID: 25637280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel CZO nanocomposite was synthesized and used as heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using methanol as acyl acceptor. The synthesized CZO nanocomposite was characterized in FESEM with an average size of 80 nm as nanorods. The XRD patterns indicated the substitution of ZnO in the hexagonal lattice of Cu nanoparticles. The 12% (w/w) nanocatalyst concentration, 1:8 (v:v) O:M ratio, 55 °C temperature and 50 min of reaction time were found as optimum for maximum biodiesel yield of 97.71% (w/w). Hence, the use of CZO nanocomposite can be used as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600 119, India.
| | - Aiswarya Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600 119, India
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168
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Sato R, Sato A, Tokuyama H. Fabrication of amphiphilic copolymeric gels with enhanced activity of immobilized enzymes in organic media. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Sato
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16, Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Ayumi Sato
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16, Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Hideaki Tokuyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16, Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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169
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Purification and characterization of organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Streptomyces sp. OC119-7 for biodiesel production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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170
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Eby JM, Peretti SW. Performance in synthetic applications of a yeast surface display-based biocatalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic synthesis with surface-displayed lipase: alkyl esters of fatty acids. Compared performance to commercial preparations. Catalyst is reusable and stable up to 50–60 °C. Kinetics of surface-displayed synthesis of butyl decanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Eby
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - S. W. Peretti
- North Carolina State University
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Raleigh
- USA
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171
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Saifuddin N, Samiuddin A, Kumaran P. A Review on Processing Technology for Biodiesel Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/tasr.2015.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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172
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Effect of Cultivation Time and Medium Condition in Production of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber for Urease Immobilization. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/270501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new nanoporous biomatrix originated from bacterial resources has been chosen for urease immobilization. Urease has been immobilized on synthesized bacterial cellulose nanofiber since this enzyme has a key role in nitrogen metabolism.Gluconacetobacter xylinumATCC 10245 has been cultivated for synthesis of a nanofiber with the diameter of 30–70 nm. Different cultivation processes in the aspect of time and cultivation medium conditions were chosen to study the performance of immobilized enzyme on four types of bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNs). Urease immobilization into the nanofiber has been done in two steps: enzyme adsorption and glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The results showed that the immobilized enzymes were relatively active and highly stable compared to the control samples of free enzymes. Optimum pH was obtained 6.5 and 7 for different synthesized BCNs, while the optimum temperature for immobilized urease was 50°C. Finding of the current experiment illustrated that the immobilized enzyme in optimum condition lost its initial activity by 41% after 15 weeks.
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173
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Mangas-Sánchez J, Adlercreutz P. Highly efficient enzymatic biodiesel production promoted by particle-induced emulsification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:58. [PMID: 25873996 PMCID: PMC4396811 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the conversion of oils to biodiesel is predominantly carried out using chemical catalysts. However, the corresponding lipase-catalysed process has important advantages, which include mild reaction conditions and the possibility of using cheap, low quality feedstocks with a high free fatty acid content. Further increases in the efficiency of the enzymatic process are desired to make it even more attractive and suitable for large-scale applications. RESULTS Herein, we present a simple and efficient two-phase lipase-catalysed system for the preparation of biodiesel in which different parameters (biocatalyst composition, ethanol concentration and the presence of additives) were optimised in order to obtain the maximum productivity starting from triolein with a high free oleic acid content. In the two-phase system, the enzyme tolerated high-ethanol concentrations, which made it possible to reach high conversions. The addition of silica particles increased the reaction rate substantially. It was suggested that such particles can catalyse acyl migration as a step to the full conversion to glycerol and biodiesel. However, in the system studied here, the effect of the particles was shown to be due to the formation of smaller and more uniform emulsion droplets leading to better mass transfer between the two phases. Particles of widely different size had positive effects, and the highest rate was obtained with silica particles derivatised with phenyl groups. The optimal conditions were applied to the solvent-free ethanolysis of rapeseed oil, and a yield of 96% was reached in 5 h. Under the mild conditions used, chemical catalysts were inefficient. CONCLUSIONS Triacylglycerol oils with a high free fatty acid content can be efficiently converted to ethyl esters using Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase as the catalyst in an aqueous/organic two-phase system. Fast mass transfer can be achieved using silica particles, which helped to decrease the size of the emulsion droplets and thus led to a more efficient process. The high-ethanol concentration tolerated by the lipase in this system made it possible to reach almost quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mangas-Sánchez
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00 Sweden
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00 Sweden
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174
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Bucio SL, Solaesa ÁG, Sanz MT, Melgosa R, Beltrán S, Sovová H. Kinetic Study for the Ethanolysis of Fish Oil Catalyzed by Lipozyme ® 435 in Different Reaction Media. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:431-41. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángela García Solaesa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), University of Burgos
| | - María Teresa Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), University of Burgos
| | - Rodrigo Melgosa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), University of Burgos
| | - Sagrario Beltrán
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science (Chemical Engineering Section), University of Burgos
| | - Helena Sovová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
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175
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Price J, Nordblad M, Woodley JM, Huusom JK. Real-time model based process monitoring of enzymatic biodiesel production. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:585-95. [PMID: 25504750 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we extend our modelling work on the enzymatic production of biodiesel where we demonstrate the application of a Continuous-Discrete Extended Kalman Filter (a state estimator). The state estimator is used to correct for mismatch between the process data and the process model for Fed-batch production of biodiesel. For the three process runs investigated, using a single tuning parameter, qx = 2 × 10(-2) which represents the uncertainty in the process model, it was possible over the entire course of the reaction to reduce the overall mean and standard deviation of the error between the model and the process data for all of the five measured components (triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acid methyl esters, and free fatty acid). The most significant reduction for the three process runs, were for the monoglyceride and free fatty acid concentration. For those components, there was over a ten-fold decrease in the overall mean error for the state estimator prediction compared with the predictions from the pure model simulations. It is also shown that the state estimator can be used as a tool for detection of outliers in the measurement data. For the enzymatic biodiesel process, given the infrequent and sometimes uncertain measurements obtained we see the use of the Continuous-Discrete Extended Kalman Filter as a viable tool for real time process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Price
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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176
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Yuzbasheva EY, Gotovtsev PM, Mostova EB, Perkovskaya NI, Lomonosova MA, Butylin VV, Sineokii SP, Vasilov RG. Biodiesel production via enzymatic catalysis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814080067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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177
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Yuzbasheva EY, Yuzbashev TV, Mostova EB, Perkovskaya NI, Sineokii SP. Microbial synthesis of biodiesel and its prospects. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814090075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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178
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Enzyme activity in liquid lipase melts as a step towards solvent-free biology at 150 °C. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5058. [PMID: 25284507 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Water molecules play a number of critical roles in enzyme catalysis, including mass transfer of substrates and products, nucleophilicity and proton transfer at the active site, and solvent shell-mediated dynamics for accessing catalytically competent conformations. The pervasiveness of water in enzymolysis therefore raises the question concerning whether biocatalysis can be undertaken in the absence of a protein hydration shell. Lipase-mediated catalysis has been undertaken with reagent-based solvents and lyophilized powders, but there are no examples of molecularly dispersed enzymes that catalyse reactions at sub-solvation levels within solvent-free melts. Here we describe the synthesis, properties and enzyme activity of self-contained reactive biofluids based on solvent-free melts of lipase-polymer surfactant nanoconjugates. Desiccated substrates in liquid (p-nitrophenyl butyrate) or solid (p-nitrophenyl palmitate) form can be mixed or solubilized, respectively, into the enzyme biofluids, and hydrolysed in the solvent-free state. Significantly, the efficiency of product formation increases as the temperature is raised to 150 °C.
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179
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Espinosa-Gonzalez I, Parashar A, Bressler DC. Hydrothermal treatment of oleaginous yeast for the recovery of free fatty acids for use in advanced biofuel production. J Biotechnol 2014; 187:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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180
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Price J, Hofmann B, Silva VTL, Nordblad M, Woodley JM, Huusom JK. Mechanistic modeling of biodiesel production using a liquid lipase formulation. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1277-90. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Price
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Björn Hofmann
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Vanessa T. L. Silva
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mathias Nordblad
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - John M. Woodley
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jakob K. Huusom
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
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181
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Immobilization of Lipase on Silver Nanoparticles via Adhesive Polydopamine for Biodiesel Production. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:389739. [PMID: 25328685 PMCID: PMC4177086 DOI: 10.1155/2014/389739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel production technology is competitive in terms of low cost and alternative source of energy which should be not only sustainable but also environmentally friendly. Designing of the lipase immobilization for biodiesel production has a remarkable impact and is still challenging. In this work, biodiesel production from soybean oil was enhanced and facilitated by using a novel biocatalyst consisting of commercial lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), silver nanoparticles, and polydopamine. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with a size range of 10–20 nm. Polydopamine (PD) was delivered by the self-polymerization of dopamine in 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.5 and simultaneously coated the AgNPs to form a PD/AgNPs complex. Lipase was immobilized on the PD/AgNPs complex surface via covalent bonds to form a tailor-made biocatalyst consisting of immobilized lipase/PD/AgNPs complex (LPA). The formation and morphology of each composition were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Significantly, gas chromatography analysis showed a remarkable biodiesel production yield of 95% by using the LPA complex at 40°C for 6-hours reaction time, whereas the yield was 86% when using free lyophilized lipase. The LPA complex was apparently reusable after 7 batches and the latter conversion rate of soybean oil was decreased by only 27%.
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182
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Nordblad M, Silva VTL, Nielsen PM, Woodley JM. Identification of critical parameters in liquid enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:2446-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Nordblad
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Vanessa T. L. Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - John M. Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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183
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Lotti M, Pleiss J, Valero F, Ferrer P. Effects of methanol on lipases: molecular, kinetic and process issues in the production of biodiesel. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:22-30. [PMID: 25046365 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The biotechnological production of biodiesel is based on transesterification/esterification reactions between a source of fatty acids and a short-chain alcohol, usually methanol, catalysed by enzymes belonging to the class known as lipases. Several lipases used in industrial processes, although stable in the presence of other organic solvents, are inactivated by methanol at or below the concentration optimal for biodiesel production, making it necessary to use stepwise methanol feeding or pre-treatment of the enzyme. In this review article we focus on what is currently know about methanol inactivation of lipases, a phenomenon which is not common to all lipase enzymes, with the goal of improving the biocatalytic process. We suggest that different mechanisms can lead to inactivation of different lipases, in particular substrate inhibition and protein unfolding. Attempts to improve the performances of methanol sensitive lipases by mutagenesis as well as process engineering approaches are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, State University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
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184
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Hidayat C, Prastowo I, Hastuti P, Restiani R. Effect of ethanol concentrations on rice bran protease activity and ester synthesis during enzymatic synthesis of oleic acid ethyl ester in a fed-batch system using crude rice bran (Oryza sativa) lipase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.934683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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185
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186
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Jadhav SH, Gogate PR. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic conversion of non edible oil to methyl esters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1374-1381. [PMID: 24491601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis and subsequent esterification of Nagchampa oil under mild operating conditions have been investigated with an objective of intensification of methyl esters production using a sustainable approach. The effect of ratio of reactants, temperature, enzyme loading, pretreatment of enzyme (using ultrasonic irradiations) on the hydrolysis and esterification reaction has been studied. Optimum conditions for hydrolysis were observed to be 1:1 weight ratio of oil: water for Lip Z and 1:3 for Lip 2 enzymes, enzyme loading of 400 units for Lip Z and 800 mg for Lip 2 enzymes and reaction time of 6h. In the case of esterification reaction, optimum conditions obtained were oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:2, enzyme loading of 1000 mg and reaction time of 20 h. Use of pretreated enzyme (using ultrasonic irradiations) was found to increase the extent of esterification reaction from 75% to 92.5%. It was observed that use of ultrasound in the reaction significantly intensified the esterification reaction with time requirement reducing from 20 h for conventional stirring based approach to only about 7.5 h in the presence of ultrasound. The extent of esterification obtained with sonicated enzyme also increased to 96% from 75% with unsonicated enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket H Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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187
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Preparation of immobilized whole cell biocatalyst and biodiesel production using a packed-bed bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2189-98. [PMID: 24770957 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae NBRC 4697 was selected from among promising candidates as a biocatalyst for biodiesel production. This microorganism was immobilized on to polyurethane foam coated with activated carbon for reuse, and, for biodiesel production. Vacuum drying of the immobilized cells was found to be more efficient than natural or freeze-drying processes. Although the immobilized cells were severely inhibited by a molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil in excess of 2.0, stepwise methanol addition (3 aliquots at 24-h feeding intervals) significantly prevented methanol inhibition. A packed-bed bioreactor (PBB) containing the immobilized whole cell biocatalyst was then operated under circulating batch mode. Stepwise methanol feeding was used to mitigate methanol inhibition of the immobilized cells in the PBB. An increase in the feeding rate (circulating rate) of the reaction mixture barely affected biodiesel production, while an increase in the packing volume of the immobilized cells enhanced biodiesel production noticeably. Finally, repeated circulating batch operation of the PBB was carried out for five consecutive rounds without a noticeable decrease in the performance of the PBB for the three rounds.
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188
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Šinkūnienė D, Adlercreutz P. Effects of Regioselectivity and Lipid Class Specificity of Lipases on Transesterification, Exemplified by Biodiesel Production. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014; 91:1283-1290. [PMID: 25045169 PMCID: PMC4070466 DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of triolein was studied as a model for biodiesel production. Four lipases were immobilized on porous polypropylene, and ethanolysis reactions were carried out in methyl t-butyl ether. The reaction products were analyzed using gas chromatography. Three of the four lipases studied were efficient in the conversion of triolein to 2-monoolein, but slow in the final step of producing glycerol. However, Candida antarctica lipase B was slow in the conversion of triolein, but more efficient in the subsequent two steps than the other lipases. The 1,3-selectivity of the lipases was less pronounced for the monooleins than for triolein. Silica gel was investigated as a catalyst for acyl migration, showing an increase in biodiesel yield with three of the lipases, but a reduction in yield when C. antarctica lipase B was used. The highest biodiesel yield (96 %) was obtained with a combination of Rhizopus arrhizus lipase and C. antarctica lipase B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Šinkūnienė
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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189
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Toscano L, Gochev V, Montero G, Stoytcheva M. Enhanced Production of Extracellular Lipase by Novel Mutant Strain ofAspergillus Niger. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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190
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Brault G, Shareck F, Hurtubise Y, Lépine F, Doucet N. Short-chain flavor ester synthesis in organic media by an E. coli whole-cell biocatalyst expressing a newly characterized heterologous lipase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91872. [PMID: 24670408 PMCID: PMC3966760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain aliphatic esters are small volatile molecules that produce fruity and pleasant aromas and flavors. Most of these esters are artificially produced or extracted from natural sources at high cost. It is, however, possible to 'naturally' produce these molecules using biocatalysts such as lipases and esterases. A gene coding for a newly uncovered lipase was isolated from a previous metagenomic study and cloned into E. coli BL21 (DE3) for overexpression using the pET16b plasmid. Using this recombinant strain as a whole-cell biocatalyst, short chain esters were efficiently synthesized by transesterification and esterification reactions in organic media. The recombinant lipase (LipIAF5-2) showed good affinity toward glyceryl trioctanoate and the highest conversion yields were obtained for the transesterification of glyceryl triacetate with methanol. Using a simple cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide pretreatment increased the synthetic activity by a six-fold factor and the whole-cell biocatalyst showed the highest activity at 40°C with a relatively high water content of 10% (w/w). The whole-cell biocatalyst showed excellent tolerance to alcohol and short-chain fatty acid denaturation. Substrate affinity was equally effective with all primary alcohols tested as acyl acceptors, with a slight preference for methanol. The best transesterification conversion of 50 mmol glyceryl triacetate into isoamyl acetate (banana fragrance) provided near 100% yield after 24 hours using 10% biocatalyst loading (w/w) in a fluidized bed reactor, allowing recycling of the biocatalyst up to five times. These results show promising potential for an industrial approach aimed at the biosynthesis of short-chain esters, namely for natural flavor and fragrance production in micro-aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - François Shareck
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Hurtubise
- Innu-Science Canada, Inc., Local 119, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - François Lépine
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Québec, Canada
- GRASP, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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191
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Anobom CD, Pinheiro AS, De-Andrade RA, Aguieiras ECG, Andrade GC, Moura MV, Almeida RV, Freire DM. From structure to catalysis: recent developments in the biotechnological applications of lipases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:684506. [PMID: 24783219 PMCID: PMC3982246 DOI: 10.1155/2014/684506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are highly appreciated as biocatalysts due to their peculiar characteristics such as the ability to utilize a wide range of substrates, high activity and stability in organic solvents, and regio- and/or enantioselectivity. These enzymes are currently being applied in a variety of biotechnological processes, including detergent preparation, cosmetics and paper production, food processing, biodiesel and biopolymer synthesis, and the biocatalytic resolution of pharmaceutical derivatives, esters, and amino acids. However, in certain segments of industry, the use of lipases is still limited by their high cost. Thus, there is a great interest in obtaining low-cost, highly active, and stable lipases that can be applied in several different industrial branches. Currently, the design of specific enzymes for each type of process has been used as an important tool to address the limitations of natural enzymes. Nowadays, it is possible to "order" a "customized" enzyme that has ideal properties for the development of the desired bioprocess. This review aims to compile recent advances in the biotechnological application of lipases focusing on various methods of enzyme improvement, such as protein engineering (directed evolution and rational design), as well as the use of structural data for rational modification of lipases in order to create higher active and selective biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane D. Anobom
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson S. Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael A. De-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika C. G. Aguieiras
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C. Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V. Moura
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise M. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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192
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New Lipase for Biodiesel Production: Partial Purification and Characterization of LipSB 25-4. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:289749. [PMID: 25937966 PMCID: PMC4393003 DOI: 10.1155/2014/289749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic activities of 300 Streptomyces isolates were determined in Tributyrin and Rhodamine-B Agar. Lipase activities were also measured with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) as a substrate. The strain of Streptomyces bambergiensis OC 25-4 used in this study was selected among 300 strains of Streptomyces from MUCC as the best lipase producer. The incubation conditions were optimized and the inoculum amount, incubation period, effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, and rates of MgSO4 and CaCO3 were investigated. LipSB 25-4 (the lipase produced by S. bambergiensis OC 25-4 strain) was partially purified with ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration chromatography 2.73-fold and with 92.12 U/mg specific activity. The optimal pH and temperature for LipSB 25-4 were determined as 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. The lipase has high stability in all pH and temperature values used in this study. While LipSB 25-4 was slightly activated in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol, it was slightly reduced by PMSF. The enzyme conserved approximately 75% of its activity at the end of 60 h, in the presence of methanol and ethanol. Since LipSB 25-4 displays high activity in the thermophilic conditions and stability in the presence of organic solvents, this lipase can catalyse the biodiesel production from olive oil by the transesterification reactions.
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193
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Cesarini S, Haller RF, Diaz P, Nielsen PM. Combining phospholipases and a liquid lipase for one-step biodiesel production using crude oils. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:29. [PMID: 24571739 PMCID: PMC4015511 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic biodiesel is becoming an increasingly popular topic in bioenergy literature because of its potential to overcome the problems posed by chemical processes. However, the high cost of the enzymatic process still remains the main drawback for its industrial application, mostly because of the high price of refined oils. Unfortunately, low cost substrates, such as crude soybean oil, often release a product that hardly accomplishes the final required biodiesel specifications and need an additional pretreatment for gums removal. In order to reduce costs and to make the enzymatic process more efficient, we developed an innovative system for enzymatic biodiesel production involving a combination of a lipase and two phospholipases. This allows performing the enzymatic degumming and transesterification in a single step, using crude soybean oil as feedstock, and converting part of the phospholipids into biodiesel. Since the two processes have never been studied together, an accurate analysis of the different reaction components and conditions was carried out. RESULTS Crude soybean oil, used as low cost feedstock, is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (900 ppm of phosphorus). However, after the combined activity of different phospholipases and liquid lipase Callera Trans L, a complete transformation into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs >95%) and a good reduction of phosphorus (P <5 ppm) was achieved. The combination of enzymes allowed avoidance of the acid treatment required for gums removal, the consequent caustic neutralization, and the high temperature commonly used in degumming systems, making the overall process more eco-friendly and with higher yield. Once the conditions were established, the process was also tested with different vegetable oils with variable phosphorus contents. CONCLUSIONS Use of liquid lipase Callera Trans L in biodiesel production can provide numerous and sustainable benefits. Besides reducing the costs derived from enzyme immobilization, the lipase can be used in combination with other enzymes such as phospholipases for gums removal, thus allowing the use of much cheaper, non-refined oils. The possibility to perform degumming and transesterification in a single tank involves a great efficiency increase in the new era of enzymatic biodiesel production at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cesarini
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Bioenergy Opportunities, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, Bagsvaerd 2880, Denmark
| | - Rune Falkenberg Haller
- Department of Analytical Development, Novozymes A/S, Hallas Alle 1, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark
| | - Pilar Diaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Per Munk Nielsen
- Department of Bioenergy Opportunities, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, Bagsvaerd 2880, Denmark
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194
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Bharti RK, Srivastava S, Thakur IS. Production and characterization of biodiesel from carbon dioxide concentrating chemolithotrophic bacteria, Serratia sp. ISTD04. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 153:189-197. [PMID: 24365740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A chemolithotrophic bacterium, Serratia sp. ISTD04, enriched in the chemostat in presence of sodium bicarbonate as sole carbon source was evaluated for potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and biofuel production. CO2 sequestration efficiency of the bacterium was determined by enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). Further, Western blot analysis confirmed presence of RuBisCO. The bacterium produced 0.487 and 0.647mgmg(-1) per unit cell dry weight of hydrocarbons and lipids respectively. The hydrocarbons were within the range of C13-C24 making it equivalent to light oil. GC-MS analysis of lipids produced by the bacterium indicated presence of C15-C20 organic compounds that made it potential source of biodiesel after transesterification. GC-MS, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic characterization of the fatty acid methyl esters revealed the presence of 55% and 45% of unsaturated and saturated organic compounds respectively, thus making it a balanced biodiesel composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir K Bharti
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Shaili Srivastava
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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195
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Toscano L, Montero G, Stoytcheva M, Cervantes L, Gochev V. Comparison of the performances of four hydrophilic polymers as supports for lipase immobilisation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:52-60. [PMID: 26019488 PMCID: PMC4433960 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.901684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four hydrophilic polymers in the form of beads - chitosan, alginate, alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan-coated alginate - were used as supports for lipase immobilisation. Hydrogel beads were characterised by bead-size-distribution estimation, surface morphology studies, and polymer interactions assessment. Matrix performances - loading efficiency, immobilisation yield, enzyme activity, and stability retention - were evaluated and compared. Although the loading efficiency of the chitosan-coated Ca-alginate beads (79.8%) was inferior to that of the Ca-alginate (87%) and of the Ca-alginate/PVA beads (81.3%), their enzyme immobilisation yield (63.96%) was the most important. Moreover, lipase encapsulated in chitosan-coated Ca-alginate beads demonstrated better pH, thermal, and storage (89% residual activity after 30 days) stabilities. Immobilised lipase activity also increased in the order: alginate/PVA > chitosan > alginate > alginate/chitosan, and displayed a maximum at pH 8 and at temperatures of 45 °C (chitosan and Ca-alginate/PVA beads) and 50 °C (Ca-alginate and chitosan-coated Ca-alginate beads). Thus, chitosan-coated Ca-alginate beads could be considered as a suitable support for lipase immobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Toscano
- Institute of Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
- Technological Institute of Mexicali, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Gisela Montero
- Institute of Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Margarita Stoytcheva
- Institute of Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Cervantes
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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196
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Improvement of P. aeruginosa 42A2 lipase preparations for FAMEs production, both in immobilized and soluble form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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197
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Zeng D, Li R, Yan T, Fang T. Perspectives and advances of microalgal biodiesel production with supercritical fluid technology. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, a sustainable and clean energy source, has been greatly attracting interest to compete against serious challenges like energy crisis and environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zeng
- Department of chemical engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an, 710049 China
| | - Ruosong Li
- Department of chemical engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an, 710049 China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of chemical engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an, 710049 China
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of chemical engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an, 710049 China
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198
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Economic analysis of a plant for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via enzymatic transesterification using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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199
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Hwang HT, Qi F, Yuan C, Zhao X, Ramkrishna D, Liu D, Varma A. Lipase-catalyzed process for biodiesel production: Protein engineering and lipase production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:639-53. [PMID: 24284881 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Applied Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Chongli Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Applied Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Doraiswami Ramkrishna
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Applied Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Arvind Varma
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
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200
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Chin M, Somasundaran P. Enzyme Activity and Structural Dynamics Linked to Micelle Formation: A Fluorescence Anisotropy and ESR Study. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:455-62. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chin
- Earth and Environmental Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY
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