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Chou CY, Yang YF, Chou YJ, Hu HY, Huang N. Statin use and incident erectile dysfunction--A nationwide propensity-matched cohort study in Taiwan. Int J Cardiol 2015; 202:883-8. [PMID: 26476986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are commonly prescribed for cardiovascular diseases which have been reported to share many contributory underlying mechanisms with erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the correlation between statin use and incident ED is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a population-based propensity-matched cohort study by identifying new statin users among male patients 40-79 years of age in the period 2000 to 2010. A statin nonuser control cohort matched for age, propensity score, and index year at a 3:1 ratio was selected for comparison. Cohorts were tracked for the occurrence of any type of incident ED according to the registry of ED diagnosis in the database. The association between statin use and the risk of ED was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard model and adjusted by age, PS, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and medications. RESULTS Compared with nonusers, statin users had a significantly lower risk of incident ED (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.90, p=0.002). Further analysis demonstrated that statin users in the group of middle-aged (40-49 years old) or high-potency statin treated (i.e., rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, and simvastatin) had lower HR for incident ED. Analysis in the patterns of cumulative statin exposure also showed that high-potency statins could decrease the HR for incident ED in dose- and duration-dependent manners. CONCLUSIONS Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of incident ED in the middle-aged men in Taiwan. The potency and the cumulative exposure of statin utilized played critical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Ying Chou
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jenq Chou
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hu
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicole Huang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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152
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Park KH, Park WJ. Endothelial Dysfunction: Clinical Implications in Cardiovascular Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:1213-25. [PMID: 26339159 PMCID: PMC4553666 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.9.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive vascular disease. It starts early in life, has a long asymptomatic phase, and a progression accelerated by various cardiovascular risk factors. The endothelium is an active inner layer of the blood vessel. It generates many factors that regulate vascular tone, the adhesion of circulating blood cells, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammation, which are the key mechanisms of atherosclerosis and can contribute to the development of cardiovascular events. There is growing evidence that functional impairment of the endothelium is one of the first recognizable signs of development of atherosclerosis and is present long before the occurrence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, understanding the endothelium's central role provides not only insights into pathophysiology, but also a possible clinical opportunity to detect early disease, stratify cardiovascular risk, and assess response to treatments. In the present review, we will discuss the clinical implications of endothelial function as well as the therapeutic issues for endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease as primary and secondary endothelial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ha Park
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
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153
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Effect of water pipe tobacco smoking on plasma high sensitivity C reactive protein level and endothelial function compared to cigarette smoking. Egypt Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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154
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Ng HH, Jelinic M, Parry LJ, Leo CH. Increased superoxide production and altered nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in the aorta of young but not old male relaxin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H285-96. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00786.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular effects of exogenous relaxin (Rln) treatment are well established and include decreased myogenic reactivity and enhanced relaxation responses to vasodilators in small resistance arteries. These vascular responses are reduced in older animals, suggesting that Rln is less effective in mediating arterial function with aging. The present study investigated the role of endogenous Rln in the aorta and the possibility that vascular dysfunction occurs more rapidly with aging in Rln-deficient ( Rln−/−) mice. We compared vascular function and underlying vasodilatory pathways in the aorta of male wild-type ( Rln+/+) and Rln−/− mice at 4 and 16 mo of age using wire myography. Superoxide production, but not nitrotyrosine or NADPH oxidase expression, was significantly increased in the aorta of young Rln−/− mice, whereas endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase and basal NO availability were both significantly decreased compared with Rln+/+ mice. In the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, sensitivity to ACh was significantly decreased in young Rln−/− mice, demonstrating altered NO-mediated relaxation that was normalized in the presence of a membrane-permeable SOD or ROS scavenger. These vascular phenotypes were not exacerbated in old Rln−/− mice and, in most cases, did not differ significantly from old Rln+/+ mice. Despite the vascular phenotypes in Rln−/− mice, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were not adversely affected. Our data show a role for endogenous Rln in reducing superoxide production and maintaining NO availability in the aorta but also demonstrate that Rln deficiency does not compromise vascular function in this artery or exacerbate endothelial dysfunction associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi H. Ng
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J. Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chen-Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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155
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15918-53. [PMID: 26184181 PMCID: PMC4519931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here discuss the importance of different sources of ROS for vascular aging and their contribution to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly population with special emphasis on mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. Also the interaction (crosstalk) of mitochondria with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is highlighted. Current concepts of vascular aging, consequences for the development of cardiovascular events and the particular role of ROS are evaluated on the basis of cell culture experiments, animal studies and clinical trials. Present data point to a more important role of oxidative stress for the maximal healthspan (healthy aging) than for the maximal lifespan.
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156
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Vetter MW, Martin BJ, Fung M, Pajevic M, Anderson TJ, Raedler TJ. Microvascular dysfunction in schizophrenia: a case-control study. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2015; 1:15023. [PMID: 27336034 PMCID: PMC4849449 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a mental illness associated with cardiovascular disease at a younger age than in the general population. Endothelial dysfunction has predictive value for future cardiovascular events; however, the impact of a diagnosis of schizophrenia on this marker is unknown. Aims: We tested the hypothesis that subjects with schizophrenia have impaired endothelial function. Methods: A total of 102 subjects (34.5±7.5 years) participated in this study. This sample consisted of 51 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 51 healthy subjects, who were matched for age (P=0.442), sex (P>0.999), and smoking status (P=0.842). Peripheral artery microvascular and conduit vessel endothelial function was measured using hyperemic velocity time integral (VTI), pulse arterial tonometry (PAT), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: Significantly lower values of VTI were noted in subjects with schizophrenia (104.9±33.0 vs. 129.1±33.8 cm, P<0.001), whereas FMD (P=0.933) and PAT (P=0.862) did not differ between the two groups. A multivariable-linear-regression analysis, built on data from univariate and partial correlations, showed that only schizophrenia, sex, lipid-lowering medications, antihypertensive medications, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were predictive of attenuated VTI, whereas age, ethnicity, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), antidiabetic medications, antidepressant medications, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, and anticholinergic medications did not predict VTI in this model (adjusted R2=0.248). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with impaired microvascular function as indicated by lower values of VTI, irrespective of many other clinical characteristics. It might be an early indicator of cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia, and might help to identify high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgery, AB, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Billie-Jean Martin
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary , Calgery, AB, Canada
| | - Marinda Fung
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary , Calgery, AB, Canada
| | - Milada Pajevic
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary , Calgery, AB, Canada
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary , Calgery, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas J Raedler
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgery, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgery, AB, Canada
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157
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Seals DR, Kaplon RE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, LaRocca TJ. You're only as old as your arteries: translational strategies for preserving vascular endothelial function with aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:250-64. [PMID: 24985329 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00059.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction develops with age and increases the risk of age-associated vascular disorders. Nitric oxide insufficiency, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation, induced by upregulation of adverse cellular signaling processes and imbalances in stress resistance pathways, mediate endothelial dysfunction with aging. Healthy lifestyle behaviors preserve endothelial function with aging by inhibiting these mechanisms, and novel nutraceutical compounds that favorably modulate these pathways hold promise as a complementary approach for preserving endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachelle E Kaplon
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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158
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The protective effect of lipoic acid on selected cardiovascular diseases caused by age-related oxidative stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:313021. [PMID: 25949771 PMCID: PMC4407629 DOI: 10.1155/2015/313021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be the primary cause of many cardiovascular diseases, including endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Oxidative stress increases during the aging process, resulting in either increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or decreased antioxidant defense. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is directly related to age. Aging is also associated with oxidative stress, which in turn leads to accelerated cellular senescence and organ dysfunction. Antioxidants may help lower the incidence of some pathologies of cardiovascular diseases and have antiaging properties. Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural antioxidant which is believed to have a beneficial effect on oxidative stress parameters in relation to diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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159
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Ebrahimian T, Le Gallic C, Stefani J, Dublineau I, Yentrapalli R, Harms-Ringdahl M, Haghdoost S. Chronic Gamma-Irradiation Induces a Dose-Rate-Dependent Pro-inflammatory Response and Associated Loss of Function in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Radiat Res 2015; 183:447-54. [PMID: 25807321 DOI: 10.1667/rr13732.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A central question in radiation protection research is dose and dose-rate relationship for radiation-induced cardiovascular diseases. The response of endothelial cells to different low dose rates may contribute to help estimate risks for cardiovascular diseases by providing mechanistic understanding. In this study we investigated whether chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure had an effect on the inflammatory response of endothelial cells and their function. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were chronically exposed to radiation at a dose of 1.4 mGy/h or 4.1 mGy/h for 1, 3, 6 or 10 weeks. We determined the pro-inflammatory profile of HUVECs before and during radiation exposure, and investigated the functional consequences of this radiation exposure by measuring their capacity to form vascular networks in matrigel. Expression levels of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed. When a total dose of 2 Gy was given at a rate of 4.1 mGy/h, we observed an increase in IL-6 and MCP-1 release into the cell culture media, but this was not observed at 1.4 mGy/h. The increase in the inflammatory profile induced at the dose rate of 4.1 mGy/h was also correlated with a decrease in the capacity of the HUVECs to form a vascular network in matrigel. Our results suggest that dose rate is an important parameter in the alteration of HUVEC inflammatory profile and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ebrahimian
- a IRSN: Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Épidémiologie, Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie Experimentale, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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160
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Cagnacci A, Cannoletta M, Palma F, Bellafronte M, Romani C, Palmieri B. Relation between oxidative stress and climacteric symptoms in early postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2015; 18:631-6. [PMID: 25536006 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.999659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relation between climacteric symptoms or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease and oxidative status of postmenopausal women. METHODS Cross-sectional investigation performed at the outpatient service for the menopause at the University Hospital, on 50 apparently healthy women in physiological postmenopause. The whole-blood free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radical defence (FORD), age, months since menopause, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, estradiol, lipids, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (glucose/insulin and HOMA-IR), and fibrinogen were evaluated. The Greene Climacteric Scale with its subscales was used to evaluate climacteric symptoms. The pulsatility index, an index of downstream blood flow resistance, was determined for both the internal carotid artery and the brachial artery. RESULTS The waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.540; p = 0.0001), estradiol (r = 0.548; p = 0.0004) and waist circumference (r = 0.345; p = 0.02) were independently related to blood FORT. The score in the Greene vasomotor subscale was the only parameter independently related to blood FORD (r = 0.554; p = 0.0001). FORT was not related to the artery pulsatility index, while FORD was negatively related to the pulsatility index of both the internal carotid (r = 0.549; p = 0.0001) and the brachial (r = 0.484; p = 0.0001) arteries. DISCUSSION In postmenopausal women, abdominal adiposity and hypoestrogenism increase oxidative stress. Climacteric symptoms, particularly vasomotor symptoms, markedly reduce antioxidant defences. Lower antioxidant defences are associated with higher resistance to blood flow in the great arteries. In women early after the menopause, visceral fat, hypoestrogenism and climacteric symptoms may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cagnacci
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
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161
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Santos-Parker JR, LaRocca TJ, Seals DR. Aerobic exercise and other healthy lifestyle factors that influence vascular aging. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2014; 38:296-307. [PMID: 25434012 PMCID: PMC4315444 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00088.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD, primarily due to stiffening of the large elastic arteries and the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise protects against the development of large elastic artery stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction with advancing age. Moreover, aerobic exercise interventions reduce arterial stiffness and restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged/older adults. Aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on arterial function by modulating structural proteins, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability. Aerobic exercise may also promote "resistance" against factors that reduce vascular function and increase CVD risk with age. Preventing excessive increases in abdominal adiposity, following healthy dietary practices, maintaining a low CVD risk factor profile, and, possibly, selective use of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals also play a major role in preserving vascular function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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162
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Nomiya M, Andersson KE, Yamaguchi O. Chronic bladder ischemia and oxidative stress: New pharmacotherapeutic targets for lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol 2014; 22:40-6. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research; Nihon University School of Engineering; Koriyama Japan
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina USA
- Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research; Nihon University School of Engineering; Koriyama Japan
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163
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Coletta C, Módis K, Oláh G, Brunyánszki A, Herzig DS, Sherwood ER, Ungvári Z, Szabo C. Endothelial dysfunction is a potential contributor to multiple organ failure and mortality in aged mice subjected to septic shock: preclinical studies in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:511. [PMID: 25223540 PMCID: PMC4177582 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of aging on the development of endothelial dysfunction in a murine model of sepsis, and to compare it with the effect of genetic deficiency of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to induce sepsis in mice. Survival rates were monitored and plasma indices of organ function were measured. Ex vivo studies included the measurement of vascular function in thoracic aortic rings, assessment of oxidative stress/cellular injury in various organs and the measurement of mitochondrial function in isolated liver mitochondria. RESULTS eNOS deficiency and aging both exacerbated the mortality of sepsis. Both eNOS-deficient and aged mice exhibited a higher degree of sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), infiltration of tissues with mononuclear cells and oxidative stress. A high degree of sepsis-induced vascular oxidative damage and endothelial dysfunction (evidenced by functional assays and multiple plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction) was detected in aortae isolated from both eNOS(-/-) and aged mice. There was a significant worsening of sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, both in eNOS-deficient mice and in aged mice. Comparison of the surviving and non-surviving groups of animals indicated that the severity of endothelial dysfunction may be a predictor of mortality of mice subjected to CLP-induced sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the studies in eNOS mice, we conclude that the lack of endothelial nitric oxide production, on its own, may be sufficient to markedly exacerbate the severity of septic shock. Aging markedly worsens the degree of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis, yielding a significant worsening of the overall outcome. Thus, endothelial dysfunction may constitute an early predictor and independent contributor to sepsis-associated MODS and mortality in aged mice.
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164
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Seals DR. Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture: The remarkable anti-aging effects of aerobic exercise on systemic arteries. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:425-39. [PMID: 24855137 PMCID: PMC4157159 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00362.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies, and advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD. Arterial dysfunction, characterized by large elastic artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, is the key event leading to age-associated CVD. Our work shows that regular aerobic exercise inhibits large elastic artery stiffening with aging (optimizes arterial compliance) and preserves endothelial function. Importantly, among previously sedentary late middle-aged and older adults, aerobic exercise improves arterial stiffness and enhances endothelial function in most groups and, therefore, also can be considered a treatment for age-associated arterial dysfunction. The mechanisms by which regular aerobic exercise destiffens large elastic arteries are incompletely understood, but existing evidence suggests that reductions in oxidative stress associated with decreases in both adventitial collagen (fibrosis) and advanced glycation end-products (structural protein cross-linking molecules), play a key role. Aerobic exercise preserves endothelial function with aging by maintaining nitric oxide bioavailability via suppression of excessive superoxide-associated oxidative stress, and by inhibiting the development of chronic low-grade vascular inflammation. Recent work from our laboratory supports the novel hypothesis that aerobic exercise may exert these beneficial effects by directly inducing protection to aging arteries against multiple adverse factors to which they are chronically exposed. Regular aerobic exercise should be viewed as a "first line" strategy for prevention and treatment of arterial aging and a vital component of a contemporary public health approach for reducing the projected increase in population CVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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165
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Yoshida M, Yamaguchi O. Detrusor Underactivity: The Current Concept of the Pathophysiology. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 6:131-7. [PMID: 26663593 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on evidence from available literature, we review the pathophysiology of detrusor underactivity (DU). DU is likely to be multifactorial. Aging reduces detrusor activity, but other concomitant causes may aggravate this condition, resulting in decrease of detrusor contractility. Impaired detrusor contractility has been regarded as a major etiologic factor of DU. However, a more complex pathology has been proposed. As contributing factors to DU, we discuss disturbances of the sensory afferent side of the micturition reflex, the central nervous system (CNS) and the efferent side of the reflex, including nerves and the detrusor muscle. Particularly, dysfunction of afferent nerves in the bladder and urethra may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DU. In addition, recent studies suggest that chronic bladder ischemia and resultant oxidative stress cause detrusor overactivity progressing to DU and inability to empty the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Urology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University College of Engineering, Kohriyama, Japan
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166
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Xin H, Deng K, Fu M. Post-transcriptional gene regulation by RNA-binding proteins in vascular endothelial dysfunction. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:836-44. [PMID: 25104457 PMCID: PMC7089175 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is a term which implies the dysregulation of normal endothelial cell functions, including impairment of the barrier functions, control of vascular tone, disturbance of proliferative and migratory capacity of endothelial cells, as well as control of leukocyte trafficking. Endothelial dysfunction is an early step in vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, sepsis-induced or severe virus infection-induced organ injuries. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules induced by various stimuli, such as modified lipids, smoking, advanced glycation end products and bacteria toxin, significantly contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. The transcriptional regulation of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules has been well-studied. However, the regulation of those gene expressions at post-transcriptional level is emerging. RNA-binding proteins have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression acting predominantly at the post-transcriptional level in microRNA-dependent or independent manners. This review summarizes the latest insights into the roles of RNA-binding proteins in controlling vascular endothelial cell functions and their contribution to the pathogenesis of vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongBo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
| | - KeYu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
| | - MinGui Fu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
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167
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Font de Mora J, Díez Juan A. The decay of stem cell nourishment at the niche. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:487-94. [PMID: 23937078 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main features of human aging is the loss of adult stem cell homeostasis. Organs that are very dependent on adult stem cells show increased susceptibility to aging, particularly organs that present a vascular stem cell niche. Reduced regenerative capacity in tissues correlates with reduced stem cell function, which parallels a loss of microvascular density (rarefraction) and plasticity. Moreover, the age-related loss of microvascular plasticity and rarefaction has significance beyond metabolic support for tissues because stem cell niches are regulated co-ordinately with the vascular cells. In addition, microvascular rarefaction is related to increased inflammatory signals that may negatively regulate the stem cell population. Thus, the processes of microvascular rarefaction, adult stem cell dysfunction, and inflammation underlie the cycle of physiological decline that we call aging. Observations from new mouse models and humans are discussed here to support the vascular aging theory. We develop a novel theory to explain the complexity of aging in mammals and perhaps in other organisms. The connection between vascular endothelial tissue and organismal aging provides a potential evolutionary conserved mechanism that is an ideal target for the development of therapies to prevent or delay age-related processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Font de Mora
- 1 Fundación para la Investigación Hospital La Fe and Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir , Valencia, Spain
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168
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Western diet consumption promotes vascular remodeling in non-senescent mice consistent with accelerated senescence, but does not modify vascular morphology in senescent ones. Exp Gerontol 2014; 55:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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169
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Andersson KE, Nomiya M, Sawada N, Yamaguchi O. Pharmacological treatment of chronic pelvic ischemia. Ther Adv Urol 2014; 6:105-14. [PMID: 24883108 DOI: 10.1177/1756287214526768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that lower urinary tract symptoms, including overactive bladder, commonly occur in both men and women, with an age-related increase in both sexes. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and urological symptoms are common in the metabolic syndrome; they also occur during the human ageing process and are independent risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Pelvic arterial insufficiency may lead to impaired lower urinary tract perfusion and play an important role in the development of bladder dysfunction such as detrusor overactivity and overactive bladder. It seems reasonable, but has not been definitely established clinically, that chronic ischemia-related bladder dysfunction will progress to bladder underactivity. Studies in experimental models in rabbits and rats have shown that pelvic arterial insufficiency may result in significant bladder ischemia with reduced bladder wall oxygen tension, oxidative stress, increased muscarinic receptor activity, ultrastructural damage, and neurodegeneration. Several types of drug may be able to prevent some of these changes. Even if the α1-adrenoceptor blocker, silodosin, the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, the β3-α1-adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, and the free radical scavenger, melatonin, were unable to prevent the development of neointimal hyperplasia and consequent luminal occlusion in animal models, they all exerted a protecting effect on urodynamic parameters, and on the functional and morphological changes of the bladder demonstrable in vitro. The different mechanisms of action of the drugs suggest that many factors are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic ischemia-induced bladder dysfunction and can be targets for intervention. Since several of the agents tested are used clinically and effectively for relieving lower urinary tract symptoms, the results from animal models of chronic bladder ischemia seem to have translational value. Animal models may be of relevance for designing clinical studies to demonstrate if a certain drug may prevent progression of ischemia-related functional and morphological bladder changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- AIAS, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, building 1632, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University College of Engineering, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University College of Engineering, Koriyama, Japan
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170
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Shen Y, Wang X, Baker PN, Zhao A. 2-Methoxyestradiol deficiency is strongly related to hypertension in early onset severe pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014; 4:215-9. [PMID: 26104608 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) deficiency leading to placental insufficiency has been related to pre-eclampsia (PE). Here we investigate whether 2ME is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe PE patients. METHODS 28 severe PE patients and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant women, with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of 2ME, estradiol (E2), soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO) were determined. RESULTS PE patients had significant lower 2ME [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46)μmol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the PE group, plasma 2ME level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; 2ME level did not correlate with proteinuria, plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, ET-1 or NO. In the control group, plasma 2ME level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS 2ME levels were markedly lower in early onset severe PE and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in women with PE. Although we cannot tell whether lower 2ME level is the causation or the result of PE, our study provides clinical evidences that 2ME deficiency is strongly related to hypertension in early onset severe PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tongdan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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171
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Buachan P, Chularojmontri L, Wattanapitayakul SK. Selected activities of Citrus maxima Merr. fruits on human endothelial cells: enhancing cell migration and delaying cellular aging. Nutrients 2014; 6:1618-34. [PMID: 24763109 PMCID: PMC4011055 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial injury and damage as well as accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies show an association of high citrus fruit intake with a lower risk of CVD and stroke but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr. var. Tubtim Siam, CM) fruit extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) migration and aging. The freeze-dried powder of fruit extract was characterized for antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay) and certain natural antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, and naringin (HPLC). Short-term (48 h) co-cultivation of HUVECs with CM enhanced cell migration as evaluated by a scratch wound assay and Boyden chamber assay. A long-term treatment with CM for 35 days significantly increased HUVEC proliferation capability as indicated by population doubling level (PDL). CM also delayed the onset of aging phenotype shown by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Furthermore, CM was able to attenuate increased ROS levels in aged cells when determined by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCDHF) while eNOS mRNA expression was increased but the eNOS protein level was not changed. Thus, further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to support the use of pummelo as a functional fruit for endothelial health and CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiwan Buachan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Linda Chularojmontri
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Suvara K Wattanapitayakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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172
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Meza-Miranda ER, Camargo A, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Delgado-Lista J, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Martinez P, Tasset-Cuevas I, Tunez I, Tinahones FJ, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Postprandial oxidative stress is modulated by dietary fat in adipose tissue from elderly people. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:507-517. [PMID: 23963800 PMCID: PMC4039280 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated whether dietary fat modifies the postprandial oxidative stress in adipose tissue of elderly people. Twenty participants received three diets for 4 weeks each: SFA-rich diet, Mediterranean (Med) diet enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil, and a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched in n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid from plant origin) (CHO-PUFA diet). After 12 h of fasting, volunteers received a breakfast reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the preceding dietary period. Med diet induced higher postprandial SOD2 and TrxR mRNA levels, and CHO-PUFA diet induced higher GPx1 and TrxR mRNA levels compared with SFA-rich diet. Med and CHO-PUFA breakfasts induced a postprandial increase in plasma reduced glutathione (GSH), and a greater postprandial GSH/oxidized glutathione ratio compared to the SFA-rich diet. Our study suggests that the consumption of Med and CHO-PUFA diets may reduce postprandial oxidative stress compared to an SFA-rich diet, which may be due to higher antioxidant enzymes gene expression in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Romina Meza-Miranda
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuñiga
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inma Tasset-Cuevas
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofıa/Universidad de Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Tunez
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofıa/Universidad de Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- />Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- />CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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173
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Wang H, Listrat A, Meunier B, Gueugneau M, Coudy‐Gandilhon C, Combaret L, Taillandier D, Polge C, Attaix D, Lethias C, Lee K, Goh KL, Béchet D. Apoptosis in capillary endothelial cells in ageing skeletal muscle. Aging Cell 2014; 13:254-62. [PMID: 24245531 PMCID: PMC4331780 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is a consistent hallmark of ageing. Apoptosis plays an important role in muscle atrophy, and the intent of this study was to specify whether apoptosis is restricted to myofibre nuclei (myonuclei) or occurs in satellite cells or stromal cells of extracellular matrix (ECM). Sarcopenia in mouse gastrocnemius muscle was characterized by myofibre atrophy, oxidative type grouping, delocalization of myonuclei and ECM fibrosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) indicated a sharp rise in apoptosis during ageing. TUNEL coupled with immunostaining for dystrophin, paired box protein-7 (Pax7) or laminin-2α, respectively, was used to identify apoptosis in myonuclei, satellite cells and stromal cells. In adult muscle, apoptosis was not detected in myofibres, but was restricted to stromal cells. Moreover, the age-related rise in apoptotic nuclei was essentially due to stromal cells. Myofibre-associated apoptosis nevertheless occurred in old muscle, but represented < 20% of the total muscle apoptosis. Specifically, apoptosis in old muscle affected a small proportion (0.8%) of the myonuclei, but a large part (46%) of the Pax7(+) satellite cells. TUNEL coupled with CD31 immunostaining further attributed stromal apoptosis to capillary endothelial cells. Age-dependent rise in apoptotic capillary endothelial cells was concomitant with altered levels of key angiogenic regulators, perlecan and a perlecan domain V (endorepellin) proteolytic product. Collectively, our results indicate that sarcopenia is associated with apoptosis of satellite cells and impairment of capillary functions, which is likely to contribute to the decline in muscle mass and functionality during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- INRA‐Vetagro Sup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores F‐63122Saint Genès Champanelle France
| | - Anne Listrat
- INRA‐Vetagro Sup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores F‐63122Saint Genès Champanelle France
| | - Bruno Meunier
- INRA‐Vetagro Sup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores F‐63122Saint Genès Champanelle France
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Cécile Coudy‐Gandilhon
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Cécile Polge
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Didier Attaix
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Claire Lethias
- UMR5305 Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines CNRS‐Université de Lyon F‐69367Lyon France
| | - Kijoon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Newcastle University International Singapore Singapore
| | - Daniel Béchet
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
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174
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Long-term atorvastatin improves age-related endothelial dysfunction by ameliorating oxidative stress and normalizing eNOS/iNOS imbalance in rat aorta. Exp Gerontol 2014; 52:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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175
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Gioscia-Ryan RA, LaRocca TJ, Sindler AL, Zigler MC, Murphy MP, Seals DR. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) ameliorates age-related arterial endothelial dysfunction in mice. J Physiol 2014; 592:2549-61. [PMID: 24665093 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.268680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related arterial endothelial dysfunction, a key antecedent of the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is largely caused by a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability as a consequence of oxidative stress. Mitochondria are a major source and target of vascular oxidative stress when dysregulated. Mitochondrial dysregulation is associated with primary ageing, but its role in age-related endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, in ameliorating vascular endothelial dysfunction in old mice. Ex vivo carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) to increasing doses of acetylcholine was impaired by ∼30% in old (∼27 months) compared with young (∼8 months) mice as a result of reduced NO bioavailability (P < 0.05). Acute (ex vivo) and chronic (4 weeks in drinking water) administration of MitoQ completely restored EDD in older mice by improving NO bioavailability. There were no effects of age or MitoQ on endothelium-independent dilation to sodium nitroprusside. The improvements in endothelial function with MitoQ supplementation were associated with the normalization of age-related increases in total and mitochondria-derived arterial superoxide production and oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine abundance), as well as with increases in markers of vascular mitochondrial health, including antioxidant status. MitoQ also reversed the age-related increase in endothelial susceptibility to acute mitochondrial damage (rotenone-induced impairment in EDD). Our results suggest that mitochondria-derived oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction in primary ageing. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ represent a promising novel strategy for the preservation of vascular endothelial function with advancing age and the prevention of age-related CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Melanie C Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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176
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Favero G, Paganelli C, Buffoli B, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Endothelium and its alterations in cardiovascular diseases: life style intervention. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:801896. [PMID: 24719887 PMCID: PMC3955677 DOI: 10.1155/2014/801896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, which forms the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and lymphatics, is a highly metabolically active organ that is involved in many physiopathological processes, including the control of vasomotor tone, barrier function, leukocyte adhesion, and trafficking and inflammation. In this review, we summarized and described the following: (i) endothelial cell function in physiological conditions and (ii) endothelial cell activation and dysfunction in the main cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis, and hypertension) and to diabetes, cigarette smoking, and aging physiological process. Finally, we presented the currently available evidence that supports the beneficial effects of physical activity and various dietary compounds on endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Corrado Paganelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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177
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Fukuda T, Kuroda T, Kono M, Miyamoto T, Tanaka M, Matsui T. Attenuation of L-type Ca²⁺ channel expression and vasomotor response in the aorta with age in both Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88975. [PMID: 24533163 PMCID: PMC3923070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related vascular diseases are induced by vascular dysfunction, which involves changes in the vasomotor response. The voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (VDCC) protein is involved in the regulation of vessel function (contraction/relaxation action). In the present study, we evaluated age-related vasomotor function and expression of the signal-related target proteins, including VDCC, using thoracic aorta from both 8- and 40-week old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In contraction experiments using aortic rings, vasomotor responses of both phenylephrine-induced contraction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were significantly attenuated with age in SHR, whereas WKY did not lose activity with age. Contraction induced by angiotensin II was impaired only for the 40-week old SHR among all the rat groups tested, although enhanced AT1R/reduced AT2R expression with age was observed for both WKY and SHR. In contrast, a vasomotor responsiveness to Bay K 8644 (a VDCC agonist) at the initial contraction phase was significantly attenuated in both 40-week WKY and SHR with significant reduction of VDCC protein expression. The reduced VDCC expression in 40-week old rats significantly lowered the relaxation activity of VDCC blockers, such as verapamil and Trp-His, but did not affect that of nifedipine. Taken together, we provided the first evidence that aging caused a reduction of VDCC expression in rat aorta, irrespective of the rat strain, along with diminishment of the therapeutic potential of VDCC blockers.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/physiology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Fukuda
- The Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- The Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Kono
- The Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- The Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- The Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- The Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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178
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Muraga K, Nishiyama Y, Otsuka T, Ueda M, Abe A, Katayama Y. The asymmetric dimethylarginine level is associated with the predicted stroke risk in Japanese women. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:640-7. [PMID: 24463840 DOI: 10.5551/jat.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) has recently been investigated as a risk marker for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is not currently known whether the ADMA levels are related to the risk of stroke in Japanese women. METHODS We examined 192 Japanese women(mean age, 55±9 years, range, 40-80 years) who underwent health examinations. The ADMA level and various vascular risk factors of each subject were assessed, and the predicted 10-year stroke risk was calculated using the point-based prediction model provided by the Japan Public Health Center study. RESULTS In a correlation coefficient analysis, age was found to be the only factor significantly correlated with the ADMA level. A significant odds ratio (OR) for a high predicted stroke risk(10-year risk, ≥5%) was noted in the highest ADMA level tertile(6.24; 95% CI, 1.13-34.5; p=0.036) compared with the lowest tertile, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant OR for a high predicted stroke risk was also found for each increment in the ADMA tertile and standard deviation(adjusted OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.09-5.34; p=0.029; and 2.51; 95% CI, 1.24-5.11; p=0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS An elevated ADMA level is significantly associated with an increased predicted stroke risk, suggesting that measuring the ADMA level is useful for identifying Japanese women with an elevated stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Muraga
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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179
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Pierri AE, Muizzi DA, Ostrowski AD, Ford PC. Photo-Controlled Release of NO and CO with Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes. LUMINESCENT AND PHOTOACTIVE TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES AS BIOMOLECULAR PROBES AND CELLULAR REAGENTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2014_164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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180
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Martins IJ. Induction of NAFLD with Increased Risk of Obesity and Chronic Diseases in Developed Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2014.44011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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181
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Manwani B, Friedler B, Verma R, Venna VR, McCullough LD, Liu F. Perfusion of ischemic brain in young and aged animals: a laser speckle flowmetry study. Stroke 2013; 45:571-8. [PMID: 24357659 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aging is an important determinant of ischemic stroke outcomes. Both clinical and experimental stroke studies have shown that aging negatively correlates with infarct volumes but is associated with worsened functional recovery after stroke. This may correspond to a differing cellular and molecular response to stroke in the aged versus young brain. It was hypothesized in this study that the smaller injury seen in the aged ischemic brain is because of structural differences in microvasculature with aging or differences in intraischemic tissue perfusion. METHODS Both young and aged C57BL6 mice were subject to middle cerebral artery occlusion modeling. Laser speckle flowmetry was used to study the functional dynamics of cerebral perfusion, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran staining was performed to examine the structural change in microvasculature. In separate cohorts, cresyl violet staining and immunohistochemistry with CD31 and IgG antibodies were applied to further assess the microvascular density and blood-brain barrier breakdown after stroke. RESULTS No difference in cerebral blood flow was seen at the baseline, intraischemically, and postreperfusion in young versus aged mice. FITC-dextran and CD31 staining did not show significant differences in the microvascular density between young and aged ischemic brains. More extravasation of IgG through the blood-brain barrier was found in the young versus aged cohort at both 24 and 72 hours after stroke. CONCLUSIONS Cerebrovascular dynamics and perfusion are not responsible for the different stroke phenotypes seen in the young versus aged animals, which may be more related to different levels of blood-brain barrier breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Manwani
- From the Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
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182
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Western-type diet induces senescence, modifies vascular function in non-senescence mice and triggers adaptive mechanisms in senescent ones. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1410-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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183
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Yamaguchi O, Nomiya M, Andersson KE. Functional consequences of chronic bladder ischemia. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:54-8. [PMID: 24292974 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), particularly in the elderly, seems to be multifactorial. One of the factors involved may be chronic ischemia of the bladder caused by bladder outflow obstruction (male) or atherosclerosis (male/female). The mechanisms by which chronic ischemia initiates and causes LUTS and progressive bladder dysfunction, and the time course of the effects, are incompletely known. Bladder ischemia and repeated ischemia/reperfusion during a micturition cycle may produce oxidative stress, leading to denervation of the bladder and the expression of tissue damaging molecules in the bladder wall. This may be responsible for the development of detrusor overactivity progressing to detrusor underactivity and inability to empty the bladder. The extent of bladder dysfunction in chronic bladder ischemia may depend on the degree and duration of ischemia. To prevent chronic bladder ischemia caused by atherosclerosis and to treat its consequences, more pathophysiological knowledge is needed. Several animal models of atherosclerosis-induced chronic bladder ischemia are available and should be useful tools for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University College of Engineering, Koriyama, Japan
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184
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Nomiya M, Yamaguchi O, Akaihata H, Hata J, Sawada N, Kojima Y, Andersson KE. Progressive vascular damage may lead to bladder underactivity in rats. J Urol 2013; 191:1462-9. [PMID: 24184364 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed whether progressive vascular damage causes bladder underactivity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley® rats were divided into 4 groups. Controls received a regular diet and tap water. The L-NAME group received a 2% cholesterol diet and L-NAME (3 mg/ml) dissolved in drinking water. The arterial injury group underwent balloon endothelial injury of the common iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet and tap water after injury. The arterial injury/L-NAME group also received L-NAME dissolved in drinking water. At 8 weeks urodynamics were performed, bladder tissue was harvested for pharmacological studies, and the iliac arteries and bladders were histologically examined. RESULTS Iliac arteries from the injury and injury/L-NAME groups showed neointimal formation and luminal occlusion but arteries from the L-NAME group did not. In the L-NAME and injury groups bladder capacity and voided volume were less than in controls. Conversely, in the injury/L-NAME group these cystometric parameters were significantly greater than in the other groups. Post-void residual volume in the injury/L-NAME group tended to increase compared with the other groups. Contractile responses of bladder strips to various stimuli in the L-NAME, injury and injury/L-NAME groups were significantly less than in controls and the lowest in the injury/L-NAME group. The injury and injury/L-NAME groups showed a significantly increased percent of collagen compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Pelvic arterial occlusive disease plus vascular endothelial dysfunction may cause progressive vascular damage resulting in bladder dysfunction that develops from bladder hyperactivity to bladder underactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nomiya
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University of School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research, Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University of School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University of School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University of School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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185
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Moccia F, Dragoni S, Cinelli M, Montagnani S, Amato B, Rosti V, Guerra G, Tanzi F. How to utilize Ca²⁺ signals to rejuvenate the repairative phenotype of senescent endothelial progenitor cells in elderly patients affected by cardiovascular diseases: a useful therapeutic support of surgical approach? BMC Surg 2013; 13 Suppl 2:S46. [PMID: 24267290 PMCID: PMC3851045 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-s2-s46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction or loss is the early event that leads to a host of severe cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, brain stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease. Ageing is regarded among the most detrimental risk factor for vascular endothelium and predisposes the subject to atheroscleorosis and inflammatory states even in absence of traditional comorbid conditions. Standard treatment to restore blood perfusion through stenotic arteries are surgical or endovascular revascularization. Unfortunately, ageing patients are not the most amenable candidates for such interventions, due to high operative risk or unfavourable vascular involvement. It has recently been suggested that the transplantation of autologous bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) might constitute an alternative and viable therapeutic option for these individuals. Albeit pre-clinical studies demonstrated the feasibility of EPC-based therapy to recapitulate the diseased vasculature of young and healthy animals, clinical studies provided less impressive results in old ischemic human patients. One hurdle associated to this kind of approach is the senescence of autologous EPCs, which are less abundant in peripheral blood and display a reduced pro-angiogenic activity. Conversely, umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived EPCs are more suitable for cellular therapeutics due to their higher frequency and sensitivity to growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration is central to EPC activation by VEGF. We have recently demonstrated that the Ca2+ signalling machinery driving the oscillatory Ca2+ response to this important growth factor is different in UCB-derived EPCs as compared to their peripheral counterparts. In particular, we focussed on the so-called endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), which are the only EPC population belonging to the endothelial lineage and able to form capillary-like structures in vitro and stably integrate with host vasculature in vivo. The present review provides a brief description of how exploiting the Ca2+ toolkit of juvenile EPCs to restore the repairative phenotype of senescent EPCs to enhance their regenerative outcome in therapeutic settings.
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186
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Venkataraman K, Khurana S, Tai TC. Oxidative stress in aging--matters of the heart and mind. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17897-925. [PMID: 24002027 PMCID: PMC3794759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies. Cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules, impacting proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA of cells. At a systemic level, events subsequent to oxidative damage induce an inflammatory response to sites of oxidative damage, often contributing to additional oxidative stress. At a cellular level, oxidative damage to mitochondria results in acidification of the cytoplasm and release of cytochrome c, causing apoptosis. This review summarizes findings in the literature on oxidative stress and consequent damage on cells and tissues of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, with a focus on aging-related diseases that have well-documented evidence of oxidative damage in initiation and/or progression of the disease. The current understanding of the cellular mechanisms with a focus on macromolecular damage, impacted cellular pathways and gross morphological changes associated with oxidative damage is also reviewed. Additionally, the impact of calorific restriction with its profound impact on cardiovascular and neuronal aging is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Venkataraman
- Department of Gerontology, Huntington University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239; Fax: +1-705-675-4858
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187
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Kuebler U, Linnebank M, Semmler A, Stoffel-Wagner B, La Marca R, Ehlert U, Wirtz PH. Plasma homocysteine levels increase following stress in older but not younger men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1381-7. [PMID: 23312061 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases with age. Some evidence suggests that mental stress may increase plasma homocysteine (Hcy), an amino acid relating to CVD. However, none of these studies assessed age effects on Hcy stress reactivity, nor did they control for age. The objective of this study was (a) to investigate whether Hcy reactivity to psychosocial stress differs between younger and middle-aged to older men and (b) to study whether psychosocial stress induces Hcy increases independent of age. METHODS Twenty eight younger (20-30 years) and 22 middle-aged to older (47-65 years) apparently healthy men underwent an acute standardized psychosocial stress task combining public speaking and mental arithmetic in front of an audience. Blood samples for Hcy measurements were obtained immediately before and after, as well as 10 and 20min after stress. Moreover, salivary cortisol was repeatedly measured to test the effectiveness of the stress task in triggering a neuroendocrine stress response. RESULTS Hcy reactivity to stress differed between age groups (F(1.4, 60.7)=5.41, p=.014). While the older group displayed an increase in the Hcy response to stress (F(2.5, 39.8)=3.86, p=.022), Hcy levels in the younger group did not change (p=.27). Psychosocial stress per se did not change Hcy levels independent of age (p=.53). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that psychosocial stress does not evoke an Hcy response per se, but only in interaction with age pointing to a mechanism by which mental stress may increase CVD risk in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kuebler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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188
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Jiménez-Altayó F, Onetti Y, Heras M, Dantas AP, Vila E. Western-style diet modulates contractile responses to phenylephrine differently in mesenteric arteries from senescence-accelerated prone (SAMP8) and resistant (SAMR1) mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1219-1234. [PMID: 22777652 PMCID: PMC3705122 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of two known cardiovascular risk factors, aging and consumption of a high-fat diet, on vascular mesenteric artery reactivity was examined in a mouse model of accelerated senescence (SAM). Five-month-old SAM prone (SAMP8) and resistant (SAMR1) female mice were fed a Western-type high-fat diet (WD; 8 weeks). Mesenteric arteries were dissected, and vascular reactivity, protein and messenger RNA expression, superoxide anion (O 2 (·-) ) and hydrogen peroxide formation were evaluated by wire myography, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, ethidium fluorescence and ferric-xylenol orange, respectively. Contraction to KCl and relaxation to acetylcholine remained unchanged irrespective of senescence and diet. Although similar contractions to phenylephrine were observed in SAMR1 and SAMP8, accelerated senescence was associated with decreased eNOS and nNOS and increased O 2 (·-) synthesis. Senescence-related alterations were compensated, at least partly, by the contribution of NO derived from iNOS and the enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity of superoxide dismutase 1 to maintain vasoconstriction. Administration of a WD induced qualitatively different alterations in phenylephrine contractions of mesenteric arteries from SAMR1 and SAMP8. SAMR1 showed increased contractions partly as a result of decreased NO availability generated by decreased eNOS and nNOS and enhanced O 2 (·-) formation. In contrast, WD feeding in SAMP8 resulted in reduced contractions due to, at least in part, the increased functional participation of iNOS-derived NO. In conclusion, senescence-dependent intrinsic alterations during early stages of vascular senescence may promote vascular adaptation and predispose to further changes in response to high-fat intake, which may lead to the progression of aging-related cardiovascular disease, whereas young subjects lack the capacity for this adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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189
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Jeon H, Boo YC. Senescent endothelial cells are prone to TNF-α-induced cell death due to expression of FAS receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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190
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Rogers SC, Zhang X, Azhar G, Luo S, Wei JY. Exposure to high or low glucose levels accelerates the appearance of markers of endothelial cell senescence and induces dysregulation of nitric oxide synthase. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1469-81. [PMID: 23585419 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that aging impairs endothelial cell response to glucose stress, we utilized a human umbilical vein endothelial cell in vitro model in which clinically relevant concentrations of normal (5.5 mM), high (25 mM), and low (1.5mM) glucose were tested. With advancing population doubling, exposure to normal glucose gradually decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity, resulting in slow, progressive development of markers of cell senescence (by population doubling level [PDL] 44). High or low glucose treatment accelerated the appearance of markers of senescence (by ~PDL 35) along with declines in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to alternating low and high glucose gave even more rapid acceleration in the appearance of markers of senescence (by ~PDL 18) and reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels. Thus, exposure to low and high glucose induces earlier appearance of markers of endothelial cell senescence and dysregulation of the nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression and function. These findings will help to elucidate endothelial dysfunction associated with glucose intolerance and improve future therapy for diabetic seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Rogers
- Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 629 Jack Stephens Drive, Little Rock, AR 72205.
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191
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Lee YS, Park CO, Noh JY, Jin S, Lee NR, Noh S, Lee JH, Lee KH. Knockdown of paraoxonase 1 expression influences the ageing of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:682-7. [PMID: 22897574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin is one of the most commonly studied tissues for microcirculation research owing to its close correlation of cutaneous vascular function, ageing and age-related cardiovascular events. To elucidate proteins that determine this correlation between endothelial cell function and ageing in the vascular environment of the skin, we performed a proteomic analysis of plasma samples from six donors in their 20s (young) and six donors in their 60s (old). Among identified proteins, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) was selected in this study. To elucidate the role of PON1 on skin ageing and determine how it controls cellular senescence, the characteristics of PON1 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) were determined. When the expression of endogenous PON1 was knocked-down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PON1, HDMECs showed characteristic features of cellular senescence such as increases in senescence-associated β-galactosidase stained cells and enlarged and flattened cell morphology. At 48 h post-transfection, the protein expression of p16 in PON1 siRNA-treated HDMECs was higher than that in scrambled siRNA-treated HDMECs. In addition, the expressions of moesin and rho GTP dissociation inhibitor, additional age-related candidate biomarkers, were decreased by PON1 knock-down in HDMECs. In conclusion, these results suggest that PON1 functions as an ageing-related protein and plays an important role in the cellular senescence of HDMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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192
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Yentrapalli R, Azimzadeh O, Barjaktarovic Z, Sarioglu H, Wojcik A, Harms-Ringdahl M, Atkinson MJ, Haghdoost S, Tapio S. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals induction of premature senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to chronic low-dose rate gamma radiation. Proteomics 2013; 13:1096-107. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Yentrapalli
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research; Department of Genetics; Microbiology and Toxicology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Zarko Barjaktarovic
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Department of Protein Science; Proteomics Core Facility; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research; Department of Genetics; Microbiology and Toxicology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research; Department of Genetics; Microbiology and Toxicology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research; Department of Genetics; Microbiology and Toxicology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
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193
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Mudau M, Genis A, Lochner A, Strijdom H. Endothelial dysfunction: the early predictor of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc J Afr 2013; 23:222-31. [PMID: 22614668 PMCID: PMC3721957 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2011-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery in the 1980s that nitric oxide (NO) is in fact the elusive endothelium-derived relaxing factor, it has become evident that NO is not only a major cardiovascular signalling molecule, but that changes in its bioavailability are crucial in determining whether atherosclerosis will develop or not. Sustained high levels of harmful circulating stimuli associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus elicit responses in endothelial cells that appear sequentially, namely endothelial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED, characterised by reduced NO bioavailability, is now recognised by many as an early, reversible precursor of atherosclerosis. The pathogenesis of ED is multifactorial; however, oxidative stress appears to be the common underlying cellular mechanism in the ensuing loss of vaso-active, inflammatory, haemostatic and redox homeostasis in the body's vascular system. The role of ED as a pathophysiological link between early endothelial cell changes associated with cardiovascular risk factors and the development of ischaemic heart disease is of importance to basic scientists and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashudu Mudau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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194
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Nomiya M, Burmeister DM, Sawada N, Campeau L, Zarifpour M, Yamaguchi O, Andersson KE. Effect of melatonin on chronic bladder-ischaemia-associated changes in rat bladder function. BJU Int 2013; 112:E221-30. [PMID: 23350885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: There are many studies showing melatonin's potent endogenous free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties, which protect against oxidative insult, but there is no information about the effect of chronic treatment with melatonin on oxidative-stress-related bladder dysfunction caused by chronic ischaemia. The model used in this study shows that functional and morphological changes caused by chronic bladder ischaemia and oxidative stress were protected by chronic treatment with melatonin, resulting in improvement of bladder hyperactivity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of melatonin for chronic ischaemia-related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, arterial injury (AI), AI with low-dose melatonin treatment (AI-ML) and AI with high-dose melatonin treatment (AI-MH) groups. The AI, AI-ML and AI-MH groups underwent a procedure to induce endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet after AI. The rats in the AI-ML and AI-MH groups were treated with melatonin 2.5 or 20 mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks after AI. The control group received a regular diet. After 8 weeks, urodynamic investigations were performed. Bladder tissues and iliac arteries were processed for pharmacological studies, and for immunohistochemical and histological examination. RESULTS Iliac arteries from AI, AI-ML and AI-MH rats displayed neo-intimal formation and luminal occlusion. In the AI group, the micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity and voided volume were lower than in the controls. Contractile responses of bladder strips to KCl, electrical field stimulation and carbachol were significantly lower after AI than in the controls. The AI bladders were found to have a significantly increased collagen ratio, oxidative stress and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, and decreased constitutive NOS expression compared with the controls. In the AI-ML and AI-MH groups, neo-intimal formation was not prevented, but there were beneficial effects on bladder function and morphology. In the AI-ML group, the beneficial effects failed to reach statistical significance. In the AI-MH group, melatonin significantly improved oxidative stress and NOS expression, and there were significant improvements in all the functional and morphological variables compared with the AI group. CONCLUSIONS Arterial occlusive disease may lead to chronic bladder ischaemia and bladder hyperactivity associated with oxidative stress. In the model used, chronic treatment with melatonin protected bladder function and morphology, probably through its free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties. Melatonin may prevent oxidative damage and improve ischaemia-related bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nomiya
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
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Ionizing Radiation Effects on Cells, Organelles and Tissues on Proteome Level. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:37-48. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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196
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Nomiya M, Burmeister DM, Sawada N, Campeau L, Zarifpour M, Keys T, Peyton C, Yamaguchi O, Andersson KE. Prophylactic effect of tadalafil on bladder function in a rat model of chronic bladder ischemia. J Urol 2012; 189:754-61. [PMID: 22982422 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of tadalafil on chronic ischemia related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley® rats were divided into control, arterial endothelial injury and arterial endothelial injury with tadalafil treatment groups. The arterial injury and arterial injury-tadalafil groups underwent endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet after injury. Arterial injury-tadalafil rats received tadalafil (2 mg/kg per day) orally for 8 weeks after injury. The control group received a regular diet. At 8 weeks urodynamic investigation was performed. Bladder tissue was harvested for pharmacological studies, and histological examination of the iliac arteries and bladders was performed. RESULTS Iliac arteries from arterial injury and arterial injury-tadalafil rats showed neointimal formation and luminal occlusion. In the arterial injury group the micturition interval was significantly shorter (mean ± SEM 5.4 ± 0.5 vs 11.1 ± 1.1 minutes), and bladder capacity and voided volume were less than in controls. Contractile responses of bladder strips to KCl, electrical field stimulation and carbachol were significantly less after arterial injury than in controls. The arterial injury group showed a significantly increased percent of collagen compared with controls (mean 37.4% ± 1.8% vs 21.5% ± 1.8%). In the arterial injury-tadalafil group intimal formation and luminal occlusion were not prevented. However, there were significant improvements in all functional and morphological parameters compared with the arterial injury group. CONCLUSIONS Arterial occlusive disease may lead to chronic bladder ischemia and bladder hyperactivity. Chronic treatment with tadalafil protects bladder function and morphology, resulting in decreased bladder hyperactivity. If valid for humans, the data support phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition as treatment for chronic ischemia related bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nomiya
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
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197
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Curcumin ingestion and exercise training improve vascular endothelial function in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2012; 32:795-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Endothelial cells are highly proliferative and motile during vascular development. However, as blood vessels mature and stabilize the endothelial lining becomes quiescent, and cell-cell interactions among endothelial cells generate a stable barrier between the blood and tissue. Rather than simply functioning as an inert barrier, endothelial cells constantly sense and respond to environmental cues. Activation of the endothelium can promote the loss of cell-cell adhesion and an increase in the motility and proliferation of the endothelium. This process is requisite for tissue repair, but also plays a role in vascular pathogenesis and is especially relevant to kidney injury. The molecular mechanisms that facilitate these phenotypic alterations are only partially understood. Recent work has shown that microRNAs can modulate endothelial phenotype. These new insights have shed light on the complex mechanisms that endothelial cells use to respond to environmental stimuli. This review addresses the known roles that microRNAs play in controlling angiogenic and inflammatory signals in endothelial cells, and illustrates that microRNAs are important modulators of endothelial function in vascular disease, and therefore represent promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Fish
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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199
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Tetè S, Tripodi D, Rosati M, Conti F, Maccauro G, Saggini A, Salini V, Cianchetti E, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Toniato E, Castellani ML, Pandolfi F, Frydas S, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Endothelial cells, cholesterol, cytokines, and aging. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:355-63. [PMID: 22697067 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides are associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and shorter life. In fact, vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs during the human aging process. Accumulation of lipids in vascular endothelium activates leukocytes to produce cytokines and chemokines which recruit macrophages. On the other hand, macrophages augment inflammatory response and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor, a key cytokine that mediates angiogenesis and inflammatory response. In addition, hyperlipidaemia is one of the main risk factors for aging, hypertension and diabetes. Here, we review the interrelationship between endothelial cells, high level of cholesterol, and aging.
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Bai B, Liang Y, Xu C, Lee MYK, Xu A, Wu D, Vanhoutte PM, Wang Y. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5-mediated hyperphosphorylation of sirtuin-1 contributes to the development of endothelial senescence and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2012; 126:729-40. [PMID: 22753194 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.118778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial senescence represents one of the major characteristics of vascular aging and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an NAD-dependent deacetylase possessing antiaging activities. During the occurrence of endothelial senescence, both the expression and activity of SIRT1 are downregulated. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to the loss-of-SIRT1 function in senescent endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS After repetitive passages, primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells exhibited a severe senescence phenotype. Western blotting revealed that phosphorylation of SIRT1 at serine 47 (S47) was significantly enhanced in senescent endothelial cells. S47 phosphorylation was stimulated by agents promoting senescence and attenuated by drugs with antisenescence properties. Mutation of S47 to nonphosphorable alanine (S47A) enhanced whereas replacing S47 with phospho-mimicking aspartic acid (S47D) abolished the antisenescent, growth-promoting, and LKB1-downregulating actions of SIRT1. Phosphorylation at S47 was critically involved in the nuclear retention of SIRT1 but abolished its association with the telomeric repeat-binding factor 2-interacting protein 1. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was identified as an SIRT1 kinase modulating S47 phosphorylation. Knockdown or inhibition of CDK5 reduced the number of senescent endothelial cells, promoted nuclear exportation of SIRT1, and attenuated the expression of inflammatory genes in porcine aortic endothelial cells. The truncated regulatory subunit of CDK5, P25, accumulated in senescent porcine aortic endothelial cells and atherosclerotic aortas. Long-term treatment with roscovitine, a CDK5 inhibitor, blocked the development of cellular senescence and atherosclerosis in aortas of hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CONCLUSION CDK5-mediated hyperphosphorylation of SIRT1 facilitates the development of endothelial senescence and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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