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Lemay JF, Lanzinger S, Pacaud D, Plener PL, Fürst-Burger A, Biester T, Hilgard D, Lilienthal E, Galler A, Berger G, Holl RW. Metabolic control of type 1 diabetes in youth with autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation analysis based on 61 749 patients up to 20 years of age. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:930-936. [PMID: 29582531 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A paucity of reports in the literature exists concerning the co-existence between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE To compare clinical characteristics, diabetes management and metabolic control in youth with T1D and ASD (T1D-ASD) with youth without ASD (T1D-non ASD). METHODS Using the German/Austrian diabetes patient follow-up registry, this study analyzed aggregated data from the last available year of observation for each patient with T1D, ages 1-20 with consistent data on insulin regimen and glycated hemoglobin (A1C), between January, 2005 and March, 2017. RESULTS From 61 749 patients, 150 (0.24%) were identified as T1D-ASD. Non-adjusted comparisons showed similar results for mean age at onset and duration of diabetes, but not for gender (male: T1D-ASD: 85.3%; T1D-non ASD: 52.8%; P < .001). Unadjusted comparisons showed no difference for severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, insulin doses, insulin pump therapy, and body mass index. A statistical difference was observed for A1C (P-value .01) and in the number of blood glucose (SMBG) tests/day (median [interquartile range]: T1D-ASD 6.0 [4.4-7.0]; T1D-non ASD 5.0 [4.4-7.0]; P-value < .001). After adjusting for age, gender, duration of diabetes, and year of observation, only SMBG remained significant (P-value .003). T1D-ASD used psycho-stimulants (15.3% vs 2.2%; P-value < .001), antipsychotics (10.7% vs 0.6%; P-value < .001), and antidepressive medications (3.6% vs 0.7%; P-value < .001) more frequently. CONCLUSION Metabolic control was similar in the T1D-ASD group compared to T1D-non ASD despite their comorbidity. Awareness of ASD remains important in T1D treatment, as both conditions require long-term multi-disciplinary medical follow-up for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Lemay
- Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital/Cumming School of Medicine (University of Calgary), Calgary, Canada
| | - S Lanzinger
- University of Ulm, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Central Institute for Biomedical Technology, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - D Pacaud
- Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital/Cumming School of Medicine (University of Calgary), Calgary, Canada
| | - P L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - T Biester
- AUF DER BULT, Diabetes Centre for Children and Adolescents, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hilgard
- Department of Paediatrics, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | | | - A Galler
- Charité - University Medicine of Berlin, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Berger
- Medical University Vienna, Dept. of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - R W Holl
- University of Ulm, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Central Institute for Biomedical Technology, Ulm, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
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152
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Arnold Anteraper S, Guell X, D'Mello A, Joshi N, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Joshi G. Disrupted Cerebrocerebellar Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Young Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Data-Driven, Whole-Brain, High-Temporal Resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Brain Connect 2018; 9:48-59. [PMID: 29896995 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the resting-state functional-connectivity (RsFc) in young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) using state-of-the-art fMRI data acquisition and analysis techniques. High temporal resolution fMRI using simultaneous multi-slice acquisition aided unbiased whole-brain connectome-wide multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) techniques for assessing RsFc. MVPA revealed two clusters (Crus I/II and lobule IX) of abnormal connectivity in the cerebellum that are consistent with the notion of a triple representation of nonmotor processing in the cerebellum. Whole-brain seed-based RsFc analyses informed by these clusters showed significant under connectivity between the cerebellar and social, emotional, and language brain regions in the HF-ASD group compared to healthy controls. The results we report are coherent with existing structural, functional, and RsFc literature in autism, extend previous literature reporting cerebellar abnormalities in the neuropathology of autism, and highlight the cerebellum as a potential target for therapeutic, diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic developments in HF-ASD. The description of functional connectivity abnormalities reported in this study using whole-brain, data-driven analyses has the potential to crucially advance the development of ASD biomarkers, targets for therapeutic interventions, and neural predictors for measuring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Arnold Anteraper
- 1 A.A. Martinos Imaging Center, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,2 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xavier Guell
- 3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,4 Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anila D'Mello
- 3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Neha Joshi
- 5 Weston High School, Weston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- 1 A.A. Martinos Imaging Center, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gagan Joshi
- 2 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,6 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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153
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Bi XA, Zhao J, Xu Q, Sun Q, Wang Z. Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Resting State Network Detection Based on Linear ICA Analysis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Physiol 2018; 9:475. [PMID: 29867534 PMCID: PMC5952255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) researches in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients have shown that ASD patients have significant impairment in brain response. However, few researchers have studied the functional structure changes of the eight resting state networks (RSNs) in ASD patients. Therefore, research on statistical differences of RSNs between 42 healthy controls (HC) and 50 ASD patients has been studied using linear independent component analysis (ICA) in this paper. Our researches showed that there was abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of RSNs in ASD patients. The RSNs with the decreased FC and increased FC in ASD patients included default mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), core network (CN), visual network (VN), self-referential network (SRN) compared to HC. The RSNs with the increased FC in ASD patients included auditory network (AN), somato-motor network (SMN). The dorsal attention network (DAN) in ASD patients showed the decreased FC. Our findings indicate that the abnormal FC in RSNs extensively exists in ASD patients. Our results have important contribution for the study of neuro-pathophysiological mechanisms in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-An Bi
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junxia Zhao
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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154
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Fatemi SH, Wong DF, Brašić JR, Kuwabara H, Mathur A, Folsom TD, Jacob S, Realmuto GM, Pardo JV, Lee S. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 tracer [ 18F]-FPEB displays increased binding potential in postcentral gyrus and cerebellum of male individuals with autism: a pilot PET study. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2018; 5:3. [PMID: 29449954 PMCID: PMC5810020 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is first manifested during early childhood. Postmortem experiments have identified significantly elevated expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in cerebellar vermis and prefrontal cortex of individuals with autism. Methods In the current study we employed the mGluR5 tracer [18F]-3-fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile ([18F]-FPEB) to quantify mGluR5 binding in vivo in adults with autism vs. healthy controls using positron emission tomography (PET). Results We identified significantly higher [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the postcentral gyrus and cerebellum of individuals with autism. There was a significant negative correlation between age and [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the cerebellum but not in the postcentral gyrus. In the precuneus, [18F]-FPEB binding potential correlated positively with the lethargy subscale score for the Aberrant Behavioral Checklist (ABC). In cerebellum, there were significant negative correlations between [18F]-FPEB binding potential and ABC total score, ABC hyperactivity subscale score, and the ABC inappropriate speech subscale score. Conclusions These novel findings demonstrate for the first time that mGluR5 binding is altered in critical brain areas of subjects with autism, suggesting abnormal glutamate signaling in these regions. Finally, the correlations between altered [18F]-FPEB binding potential in the cerebellum and precuneus suggest that some autistic symptoms may be influenced by abnormal glutamate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hossein Fatemi
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,2Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA.,4Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,6Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James R Brašić
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Anil Mathur
- 3The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine, and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Timothy D Folsom
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Suma Jacob
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - George M Realmuto
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - José V Pardo
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417-2399 USA
| | - Susanne Lee
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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155
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Solomon M, Di Martino A. Increasing Traction for Discovery: The Research Domain Criteria Framework and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 2:458-460. [PMID: 29348036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Imaging Research Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California; MIND Institute, Sacramento, California.
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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