151
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Liu J, Shangguan Y, Tang D, Dai Y. Histone succinylation and its function on the nucleosome. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7101-7109. [PMID: 34160884 PMCID: PMC8335665 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of histones are ubiquitous regulatory mechanisms involved in many biological processes, including replication, transcription, DNA damage repair and ontogenesis. Recently, many short‐chain acylation histone modifications have been identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Lysine succinylation (Ksuc or Ksucc) is a newly identified histone PTM that changes the chemical environment of histones and is similar to other acylation modifications; lysine succinylation appears to accumulate at transcriptional start sites and to correlate with gene expression. Although numerous studies are ongoing, there is a lack of reviews on the Ksuc of histones. Here, we review lysine succinylation sites on histones, including the chemical characteristics and the mechanism by which lysine succinylation influences nucleosomal structure, chromatin dynamics and several diseases and then discuss lysine succinylation regulation to identify theoretical and experimental proof of Ksuc on histones and in diseases to inspire further research into histone lysine succinylation as a target of disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital(Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Shangguan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital(Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin, 924st Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital(Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin, 924st Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital(Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Central Laboratory of Guilin, 924st Hospital, Guilin, China
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152
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From the (Epi)Genome to Metabolism and Vice Versa; Examples from Hematologic Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126321. [PMID: 34204821 PMCID: PMC8231625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from hematopoietic cells or their precursors and most commonly presenting as leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. Genetic analyses have uncovered recurrent mutations which initiate or accumulate in the course of malignant transformation, as they provide selective growth advantage to the cell. These include mutations in genes encoding transcription factors and epigenetic regulators of metabolic genes, as well as genes encoding key metabolic enzymes. The resulting alterations contribute to the extensive metabolic reprogramming characterizing the transformed cell, supporting its increased biosynthetic needs and allowing it to withstand the metabolic stress that arises as a consequence of increased metabolic rates and changes in its microenvironment. Interestingly, this cross-talk is bidirectional, as metabolites also signal back to the nucleus and, via their widespread effects on modulating epigenetic modifications, shape the chromatin landscape and the transcriptional programs of the cell. In this article, we provide an overview of the main metabolic changes and relevant genetic alterations that characterize malignant hematopoiesis and discuss how, in turn, metabolites regulate epigenetic events during this process. The aim is to illustrate the intricate interrelationship between the genome (and epigenome) and metabolism and its relevance to hematologic malignancy.
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153
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Michniewicz F, Saletta F, Rouaen JRC, Hewavisenti RV, Mercatelli D, Cirillo G, Giorgi FM, Trahair T, Ziegler D, Vittorio O. Copper: An Intracellular Achilles' Heel Allowing the Targeting of Epigenetics, Kinase Pathways, and Cell Metabolism in Cancer Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2315-2329. [PMID: 33890721 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential transition metal frequently increased in cancer known to strongly influence essential cellular processes. Targeted therapy protocols utilizing both novel and repurposed drug agents initially demonstrate strong efficacy, before failing in advanced cancers as drug resistance develops and relapse occurs. Overcoming this limitation involves the development of strategies and protocols aimed at a wider targeting of the underlying molecular changes. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase signaling pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and cell metabolism are among the most common therapeutic targets, with molecular investigations increasingly demonstrating the strong influence each mechanism exerts on the others. Interestingly, all these mechanisms can be influenced by intracellular copper. We propose that copper chelating agents, already in clinical trial for multiple cancers, may simultaneously target these mechanisms across a wide variety of cancers, serving as an excellent candidate for targeted combination therapy. This review summarizes the known links between these mechanisms, copper, and copper chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Michniewicz
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rehana V Hewavisenti
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Toby Trahair
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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154
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Using mitochondrial activity to select for potent human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1605-1616. [PMID: 33710339 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a critical curative approach for many blood disorders. However, obtaining grafts with sufficient numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that maintain long-term engraftment remains challenging; this is due partly to metabolic modulations that restrict the potency of HSCs outside of their native environment. To address this, we focused on mitochondria. We found that human HSCs are heterogeneous in their mitochondrial activity as measured by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) even within the highly purified CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ HSC population. We further found that the most potent HSCs exhibit the lowest mitochondrial activity in the population. We showed that the frequency of long-term culture initiating cells in MMP-low is significantly greater than in MMP-high CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+ (CD90+) HSCs. Notably, these 2 populations were distinct in their long-term repopulating capacity when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. The level of chimerism 7 months posttransplantation was >50-fold higher in the blood of MMP-low relative to MMP-high CD90+ HSC recipients. Although more than 90% of both HSC subsets were in G0, MMP-low CD90+ HSCs exhibited delayed cell-cycle priming profile relative to MMP-high HSCs. These functional differences were associated with distinct mitochondrial morphology; MMP-low in contrast to MMP-high HSCs contained fragmented mitochondria. Our findings suggest that the lowest MMP level selects for the most potent, likely dormant, stem cells within the highly purified HSC population. These results identify a new approach for isolating highly potent human HSCs for further clinical applications. They also implicate mitochondria in the intrinsic regulation of human HSC quiescence and potency.
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155
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Jiang H, Jiang H, Yuan Y. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Relevance of Lysine Acetylation Regulators in Urological Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647221. [PMID: 34136387 PMCID: PMC8202406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysine acetylation and deacetylation are posttranslational modifications that are able to link extracellular signals to intracellular responses. However, knowledge regarding the status of lysine regulators in urological cancers is still unknown. Methods We first systematically analyzed the genetic and expression alterations of 31 lysine acetylation regulators in urological cancers. The correlation between lysine acetylation regulators and activation of cancer pathways was explored. The clinical relevance of lysine acetylation regulators was further analyzed. Results We identified that there are widespread genetic alterations of lysine acetylation regulators, and that their expression levels are significantly associated with the activity of cancer hallmark-related pathways. Moreover, lysine acetylation regulators were found to be potentially useful for prognostic stratification. HDAC11 may act as a potential oncogene in cell cycle and oxidative phosphorylation of urological cancers. Conclusion Lysine acetylation regulators are involved in tumorigenesis and progression. Our results provide a valuable resource that will guide both mechanistic and therapeutic analyses of the role of lysine acetylation regulators in urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunning Zhang
- The First Tumor Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Huali Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hualong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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156
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Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:877-919. [PMID: 34050894 PMCID: PMC9243210 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence suggests that many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes as a consequence of the translocation or spatial regionalization of enzymes or metabolites. Various metabolic alterations and epigenetic modifications also reportedly drive immune escape or impede immunosurveillance within certain contexts, playing important roles in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on how metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune cells reshapes epigenetic alterations, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. We also discuss other eminent metabolic modifications such as, succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, and update the current advances in metabolism- and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic prospects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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157
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Jiang J, Qi L, Wei Q, Shi F. Maternal stevioside supplementation ameliorates intestinal mucosal damage and modulates gut microbiota in chicken offspring challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Food Funct 2021; 12:6014-6028. [PMID: 34036963 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that dietary stevioside supplementation could alleviate intestinal mucosal damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in broiler chickens. However, it remains unknown whether feeding stevioside to breeder hens could exert similar biological functions in their offspring. The present study aimed to investigate whether maternal dietary stevioside supplementation could prevent LPS-induced intestinal mucosal damage and alteration of gut microbiota in chicken offspring. A total of 120 Jinmao yellow-feathered breeder hens were fed a basal diet (CON) or a 250 mg kg-1 stevioside-supplemented diet (STE) for 5 weeks before collecting their eggs. After hatching, 160 male offspring (80 chickens from each group) were randomly selected and divided into four treatment groups: (1) the offspring of hens fed a basal diet (CON); (2) the offspring of hens fed a stevioside-supplemented diet (STE); (3) the CON group challenged with LPS (LPS); and (4) the STE group challenged with LPS (LSTE). The results showed that maternal stevioside supplementation increased the hatching weight and improved the intestinal morphology. LPS challenge significantly decreased the terminal body weight and the concentrations of serum triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU) of the chicken offspring. Maternal stevioside supplementation protected against LPS-induced morphological damage, goblet cell impairment, intestinal apoptosis, and gene expression alteration. In addition, sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that maternal stevioside supplementation could prevent the impairment of bacterial diversity in LPS-challenged chicken offspring. Moreover, the increased abundance of Lactobacillus caused by maternal stevioside supplementation had a significant negative correlation with the expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, maternal stevioside supplementation could ameliorate intestinal mucosal damage and modulate gut microbiota in chicken offspring challenged with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lina Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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158
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Hong S, Pawel GT, Pei R, Lu Y. Recent progress in developing fluorescent probes for imaging cell metabolites. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33915523 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abfd11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolites play a crucial role in promoting and regulating cellular activities, but it has been difficult to monitor these cellular metabolites in living cells and in real time. Over the past decades, iterative development and improvements of fluorescent probes have been made, resulting in the effective monitoring of metabolites. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the use of fluorescent probes for tracking some key metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reactive oxygen species, sugar, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide for both whole cell and subcellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanni Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interfaces, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory T Pawel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interfaces, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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159
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Mutations inhibiting KDM4B drive ALT activation in ATRX-mutated glioblastomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2584. [PMID: 33972520 PMCID: PMC8110556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance pathway utilised in 15% of cancers. ALT cancers are strongly associated with inactivating mutations in ATRX; yet loss of ATRX alone is insufficient to trigger ALT, suggesting that additional cooperating factors are involved. We identify H3.3G34R and IDH1/2 mutations as two such factors in ATRX-mutated glioblastomas. Both mutations are capable of inactivating histone demethylases, and we identify KDM4B as the key demethylase inactivated in ALT. Mouse embryonic stem cells inactivated for ATRX, TP53, TERT and KDM4B (KDM4B knockout or H3.3G34R) show characteristic features of ALT. Conversely, KDM4B over-expression in ALT cancer cells abrogates ALT-associated features. In this work, we demonstrate that inactivation of KDM4B, through H3.3G34R or IDH1/2 mutations, acts in tandem with ATRX mutations to promote ALT in glioblastomas. Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance pathway utilised in 15% of cancers that have been associated with mutations in ATRX. Here the authors reveal a functional role of histone demethylases KDM4B in regulating ALT activation.
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160
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Costa Dos Santos G, Renovato-Martins M, de Brito NM. The remodel of the "central dogma": a metabolomics interaction perspective. Metabolomics 2021; 17:48. [PMID: 33969452 PMCID: PMC8106972 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1957, Francis Crick drew a linear diagram on a blackboard. This diagram is often called the "central dogma." Subsequently, the relationships between different steps of the "central dogma" have been shown to be considerably complex, mostly because of the emerging world of small molecules. It is noteworthy that metabolites can be generated from the diet through gut microbiome metabolism, serve as substrates for epigenetic modifications, destabilize DNA quadruplexes, and follow Lamarckian inheritance. Small molecules were once considered the missing link in the "central dogma"; however, recently they have acquired a central role, and their general perception as downstream products has become reductionist. Metabolomics is a large-scale analysis of metabolites, and this emerging field has been shown to be the closest omics associated with the phenotype and concomitantly, the basis for all omics. AIM OF REVIEW Herein, we propose a broad updated perspective for the flux of information diagram centered in metabolomics, including the influence of other factors, such as epigenomics, diet, nutrition, and the gut- microbiome. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Metabolites are the beginning and the end of the flux of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of NMR Metabolomics, IBRAG, Department of Genetics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Renovato-Martins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, IB, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24210-200, Brazil
| | - Natália Mesquita de Brito
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Department of Cell Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
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161
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Almeida L, Dhillon-LaBrooy A, Carriche G, Berod L, Sparwasser T. CD4 + T-cell differentiation and function: Unifying glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, polyamines NAD mitochondria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:16-32. [PMID: 33966898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progression through different steps of T-cell development, activation, and effector function is tightly bound to specific cellular metabolic processes. Previous studies established that T-effector cells have a metabolic bias toward aerobic glycolysis, whereas naive and regulatory T cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation. More recently, the field of immunometabolism has drifted away from the notion that mitochondrial metabolism holds little importance in T-cell activation and function. Of note, T cells possess metabolic promiscuity, which allows them to adapt their nutritional requirements according to the tissue environment. Altogether, the integration of these metabolic pathways culminates in the generation of not only energy but also intermediates, which can regulate epigenetic programs, leading to changes in T-cell fate. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on how glycolysis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid oxidation work together with the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the mitochondrion. We also emphasize the importance of the electron transport chain for T-cell immunity. We also discuss novel findings highlighting the role of key enzymes, accessory pathways, and posttranslational protein modifications that distinctively regulate T-cell function and might represent prominent candidates for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guilhermina Carriche
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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162
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The regulation mechanisms and the Lamarckian inheritance property of DNA methylation in animals. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:135-152. [PMID: 33860357 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a stable and heritable epigenetic mechanism, of which the main functions are stabilizing the transcription of genes and promoting genetic conservation. In animals, the direct molecular inducers of DNA methylation mainly include histone covalent modification and non-coding RNA, whereas the fundamental regulators of DNA methylation are genetic and environmental factors. As is well known, competition is present everywhere in life systems, and will finally strike a balance that is optimal for the animal's survival and reproduction. The same goes for the regulation of DNA methylation. Genetic and environmental factors, respectively, are responsible for the programmed and plasticity changes of DNA methylation, and keen competition exists between genetically influenced procedural remodeling and environmentally influenced plastic alteration. In this process, genetic and environmental factors collaboratively decide the methylation patterns of corresponding loci. DNA methylation alterations induced by environmental factors can be transgenerationally inherited, and exhibit the characteristic of Lamarckian inheritance. Further research on regulatory mechanisms and the environmental plasticity of DNA methylation will provide strong support for understanding the biological function and evolutionary effects of DNA methylation.
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163
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Derakhshani A, Rostami Z, Safarpour H, Shadbad MA, Nourbakhsh NS, Argentiero A, Taefehshokr S, Tabrizi NJ, Kooshkaki O, Astamal RV, Singh PK, Taefehshokr N, Alizadeh N, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. From Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Single-Cell Sequencing of Immune Cells: Changing the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:2278. [PMID: 33920054 PMCID: PMC8071039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in understanding the signaling pathways involved in cancer development. It is well-established that cancer is caused by the dysregulation of cellular pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell metabolism, migration, cell polarity, and differentiation. Besides, growing evidence indicates that extracellular matrix signaling, cell surface proteoglycans, and angiogenesis can contribute to cancer development. Given the genetic instability and vast intra-tumoral heterogeneity revealed by the single-cell sequencing of tumoral cells, the current approaches cannot eliminate the mutating cancer cells. Besides, the polyclonal expansion of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes in response to tumoral neoantigens cannot elicit anti-tumoral immune responses due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells can provide valuable insights regarding the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints/related signaling factors in immune cells, which can be used to select immune checkpoint inhibitors and adjust their dosage. Indeed, the integration of the data obtained from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells with immune checkpoint inhibitors can increase the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors, decrease the immune-related adverse events, and facilitate tumoral cell elimination. This study aims to review key pathways involved in tumor development and shed light on single-cell sequencing. It also intends to address the shortcomings of immune checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., their varied response rates among cancer patients and increased risk of autoimmunity development, via applying the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran; (Z.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | | | | | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Neda Jalili Tabrizi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran; (Z.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Reza Vaezi Astamal
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Principal Research Technologist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
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164
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Sharma NK, Pal JK. Metabolic Ink Lactate Modulates Epigenomic Landscape: A Concerted Role of Pro-tumor Microenvironment and Macroenvironment During Carcinogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:177-181. [PMID: 32436828 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200521075252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is influenced by various factors including genetic, epigenetic and axis of metabolic-epigenomic regulation. In recent years, metabolic-epigenomic reprogramming has been considered as one of the many tumor hallmarks and it appears to be driven by both microenvironment and macroenvironment factors including diet, microbiota and environmental pressures. Epigenetically, histone lysine residues are altered by various post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, acylation, methylation and lactylation. Furthermore, lactylation is suggested as a new form of PTM that uses a lactate substrate as a metabolic ink for epigenetic writer enzyme that remodels histone proteins. Therefore, preclinical and clinical attempts are warranted to disrupt the pathway of metabolic-epigenomic reprogramming that will turn pro-tumor microenvironment into an anti-tumor microenvironment. This paper highlights the metabolicepigenomic regulation events including lactylation and its metabolic substrate lactate in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
| | - Jayanta K Pal
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
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165
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Tanaka K, Hayashi Y, Takehara A, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Tachibana M, Yaegashi N, Matsui Y. Abnormal early folliculogenesis due to impeded pyruvate metabolism in mouse oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:64-75. [PMID: 33824958 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal ovarian germ cells show characteristic energy metabolism status, such as enhanced mitochondrial metabolism as well as glycolysis, but their roles in early folliculogenesis are unclear. We show here that inhibition of pyruvate uptake to mitochondria by UK5099 in organ cultures of fetal mouse ovaries resulted in repressed early folliculogenesis without affecting energy production, survival of oocytes, or meiosis. In addition, the abnormal folliculogenesis by UK5099 was partially rescued by α-ketoglutarate and succinate, intermediate metabolites in the TCA cycle, suggesting the importance of those metabolites. The expression of TGFβ-related genes Gdf9 and Bmp15 in ovarian germ cells, which are crucial for folliculogenesis, was downregulated by UK5099, and the addition of recombinant GDF9 partially rescued the abnormal folliculogenesis induced by UK5099. We also found that early folliculogenesis was similarly repressed, as in the culture, in the ovaries of a germ cell-specific knockout of Mpc2, which encodes a mitochondria pyruvate carrier that is targeted by UK5099. These results suggest that insufficient Gdf9 expression induced by abnormal pyruvate metabolism in oocytes results in early follicular dysgenesis, which is a possible cause of defective folliculogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Takehara
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahito Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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166
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Abstract
Many tumors are now understood to be heterogenous cell populations arising from a minority of epithelial-like cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs demonstrate distinctive metabolic signatures from the more differentiated surrounding tumor bulk that confer resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic regimens and potential for tumor relapse. Many CSC phenotypes including metabolism, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cellular signaling pathway activity, and others, arise from altered mitochondrial function and turnover, which are regulated by constant cycles of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Further, recycling of mitochondria through mitophagy in CSCs is associated with maintenance of reactive oxygen species levels that dictate gene expression. The protein machinery that drives mitochondrial dynamics is surprisingly simple and may represent attractive new therapeutic avenues to target CSC metabolism and selectively eradicate tumor-generating cells to reduce the risks of metastasis and relapse for a variety of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane T Sessions
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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167
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Andrade J, Shi C, Costa ASH, Choi J, Kim J, Doddaballapur A, Sugino T, Ong YT, Castro M, Zimmermann B, Kaulich M, Guenther S, Wilhelm K, Kubota Y, Braun T, Koh GY, Grosso AR, Frezza C, Potente M. Control of endothelial quiescence by FOXO-regulated metabolites. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:413-423. [PMID: 33795871 PMCID: PMC8032556 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) adapt their metabolism to enable the growth of new blood vessels, but little is known how ECs regulate metabolism to adopt a quiescent state. Here, we show that the metabolite S-2-hydroxyglutarate (S-2HG) plays a crucial role in the regulation of endothelial quiescence. We find that S-2HG is produced in ECs after activation of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), where it limits cell cycle progression, metabolic activity and vascular expansion. FOXO1 stimulates S-2HG production by inhibiting the mitochondrial enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. This inhibition relies on branched-chain amino acid catabolites such as 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, which increase in ECs with activated FOXO1. Treatment of ECs with 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate elicits S-2HG production and suppresses proliferation, causing vascular rarefaction in mice. Our findings identify a metabolic programme that promotes the acquisition of a quiescent endothelial state and highlight the role of metabolites as signalling molecules in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrade
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Chenyue Shi
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ana S H Costa
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jeongwoon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaeryung Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anuradha Doddaballapur
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Toshiya Sugino
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marco Castro
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Zimmermann
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Gene Editing Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wilhelm
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ana Rita Grosso
- UCIBIO-Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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168
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Harachi M, Masui K, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Protein Acetylation at the Interface of Genetics, Epigenetics and Environment in Cancer. Metabolites 2021; 11:216. [PMID: 33916219 PMCID: PMC8066013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer and is driven by abnormalities of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Accelerated metabolism causes cancer cell aggression through the dysregulation of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes as well as by facilitating the production of intermediary metabolites. However, the mechanisms by which a shift in the metabolic landscape reshapes the intracellular signaling to promote the survival of cancer cells remain to be clarified. Recent high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses have spotlighted that, unexpectedly, lysine residues of numerous cytosolic as well as nuclear proteins are acetylated and that this modification modulates protein activity, sublocalization and stability, with profound impact on cellular function. More importantly, cancer cells exploit acetylation as a post-translational protein for microenvironmental adaptation, nominating it as a means for dynamic modulation of the phenotypes of cancer cells at the interface between genetics and environments. The objectives of this review were to describe the functional implications of protein lysine acetylation in cancer biology by examining recent evidence that implicates oncogenic signaling as a strong driver of protein acetylation, which might be exploitable for novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Harachi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; (M.H.); (N.S.)
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169
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Wang L, Hu B, Pan K, Chang J, Zhao X, Chen L, Lin H, Wang J, Zhou G, Xu W, Yuan J. SYVN1-MTR4-MAT2A Signaling Axis Regulates Methionine Metabolism in Glioma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633259. [PMID: 33859984 PMCID: PMC8042234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is one of the essential amino acids. How tumor cells adapt and adjust their signal transduction networks to avoid apoptosis in a methionine-restricted environment is worthy of further exploration. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of glioma response to methionine restriction, providing a theoretical basis for new treatment strategies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lude Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Kailing Pan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Gezhi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianlie Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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170
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Nalbantoglu S, Karadag A. Metabolomics bridging proteomics along metabolites/oncometabolites and protein modifications: Paving the way toward integrative multiomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114031. [PMID: 33857836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology adopted functional and integrative multiomics approaches enable to discover the whole set of interacting regulatory components such as genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and metabolite dependent protein modifications. This interactome build up the midpoint of protein-protein/PTM, protein-DNA/RNA, and protein-metabolite network in a cell. As the key drivers in cellular metabolism, metabolites are precursors and regulators of protein post-translational modifications [PTMs] that affect protein diversity and functionality. The precisely orchestrated core pattern of metabolic networks refer to paradigm 'metabolites regulate PTMs, PTMs regulate enzymes, and enzymes modulate metabolites' through a multitude of feedback and feed-forward pathway loops. The concept represents a flawless PTM-metabolite-enzyme(protein) regulomics underlined in reprogramming cancer metabolism. Immense interconnectivity of those biomolecules in their spectacular network of intertwined metabolic pathways makes integrated proteomics and metabolomics an excellent opportunity, and the central component of integrative multiomics framework. It will therefore be of significant interest to integrate global proteome and PTM-based proteomics with metabolomics to achieve disease related altered levels of those molecules. Thereby, present update aims to highlight role and analysis of interacting metabolites/oncometabolites, and metabolite-regulated PTMs loop which may function as translational monitoring biomarkers along the reprogramming continuum of oncometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Nalbantoglu
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Molecular, Oncology Laboratory, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Karadag
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Molecular, Oncology Laboratory, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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171
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Relationship between serum concentration, functional parameters and cell bioenergetics in IPEC-J2 cell line. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:59-67. [PMID: 33725198 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The foetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration could influence functional parameters of IPEC-J2 cells. IPEC-J2 is a non-transformed continuous epithelial cell line that represents an established in vitro model to study porcine gut inflammation and alterations of intestinal integrity. This cell line also represents a good translational model thanks to the high similitudes between pig and human gastrointestinal tract. With the aim to assess if the FBS-dependent functional variations are linked to the bioenergetic aspects, the addition of 5% and 10% FBS in the IPEC-J2 culture medium were tested. Doubling time and TEER measurement indicated that cells cultured at higher FBS dose grow faster and as a more compact monolayer. 10% FBS increases ATP production and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and does not affect glycolysis. Both at 5% and 10% FBS ATP production mainly comes from OxPhos and FBS concentration does not affect the cell respiration bioenergetic parameters. Noteworthy, IPEC-J2 treated with 5% and 10% FBS have a metabolic potential since both OxPhos and glycolysis increase by > 100% and < 50%, respectively in comparison with baseline metabolism. Moreover, glucose, fatty acids and glutamine constitute the preferred metabolic fuel for mitochondrial respiration at both FBS conditions tested. Accordingly, the cells flexibility to oxidize these substrates shows that IPEC-J2 mitochondria cannot maintain the basal ATP production without oxidizing all the substrates available irrespective of FBS concentration. To sum up, in IPEC-J2 cells OxPhos increases with the FBS-stimulated functional physiological parameters to fulfil ATP requirements.
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172
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Fu ZW, Li JH, Feng YR, Yuan X, Lu YT. The metabolite methylglyoxal-mediated gene expression is associated with histone methylglyoxalation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1886-1899. [PMID: 33476385 PMCID: PMC7913762 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a byproduct of glycolysis that functions in diverse mammalian developmental processes and diseases and in plant responses to various stresses, including salt stress. However, it is unknown whether MG-regulated gene expression is associated with an epigenetic modification. Here we report that MG methylglyoxalates H3 including H3K4 and increases chromatin accessibility, consistent with the result that H3 methylglyoxalation positively correlates with gene expression. Salt stress also increases H3 methylglyoxalation at salt stress responsive genes correlated to their higher expression. Following exposure to salt stress, salt stress responsive genes were expressed at higher levels in the Arabidopsis glyI2 mutant than in wild-type plants, but at lower levels in 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4 plants, consistent with the higher and lower MG accumulation and H3 methylglyoxalation of target genes in glyI2 and 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4, respectively. Further, ABI3 and MYC2, regulators of salt stress responsive genes, affect the distribution of H3 methylglyoxalation at salt stress responsive genes. Thus, MG functions as a histone-modifying group associated with gene expression that links glucose metabolism and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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173
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Bae J, Salamon RJ, Brandt EB, Paltzer WG, Zhang Z, Britt EC, Hacker TA, Fan J, Mahmoud AI. Malonate Promotes Adult Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Heart Regeneration. Circulation 2021; 143:1973-1986. [PMID: 33666092 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes undergo a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which results in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production that induces DNA damage. These cellular changes contribute to cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit and loss of the capacity for cardiac regeneration. The mechanisms that regulate this metabolic switch and the increase in reactive oxygen species production have been relatively unexplored. Current evidence suggests that elevated reactive oxygen species production in ischemic tissues occurs as a result of accumulation of the mitochondrial metabolite succinate during ischemia via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and this succinate is rapidly oxidized at reperfusion. Mutations in SDH in familial cancer syndromes have been demonstrated to promote a metabolic shift into glycolytic metabolism, suggesting a potential role for SDH in regulating cellular metabolism. Whether succinate and SDH regulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and the cardiac metabolic state remains unclear. METHODS Here, we investigated the role of succinate and SDH inhibition in regulation of postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and heart regeneration. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that injection of succinate into neonatal mice results in inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration. Our evidence also shows that inhibition of SDH by malonate treatment after birth extends the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in juvenile mice. Remarkably, extending malonate treatment to the adult mouse heart after myocardial infarction injury results in a robust regenerative response within 4 weeks after injury via promoting adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and revascularization. Our metabolite analysis after SDH inhibition by malonate induces dynamic changes in adult cardiac metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of SDH by malonate promotes adult cardiomyocyte proliferation, revascularization, and heart regeneration via metabolic reprogramming. These findings support a potentially important new therapeutic approach for human heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Rebecca J Salamon
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Emma B Brandt
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Emily C Britt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI (E.C.B, J.F.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (E.C.B, J.F.)
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center (T.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI (E.C.B, J.F.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (E.C.B, J.F.)
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (J.B., R.J.S., E.B.B., W.G.P., Z.Z., A.I.M.), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
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174
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Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A, Arif T, Aizenberg O, Paul A, Shoshan-Barmaz V. Mitochondria and nucleus cross-talk: Signaling in metabolism, apoptosis, and differentiation, and function in cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:492-510. [PMID: 33179373 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between the mitochondrion and the nucleus regulates cellular functions, including differentiation and adaptation to stress. Mitochondria supply metabolites for epigenetic modifications and other nuclear-associated activities and certain mitochondrial proteins were found in the nucleus. The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. To alter the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, we used specific siRNA to silence the expression of VDAC1 in glioblastoma (GBM) U87-MG and U118-MG cell-derived tumors, and then monitored the nuclear localization of mitochondrial proteins and the methylation and acetylation of histones. Depletion of VDAC1 from tumor cells reduced metabolism, leading to inhibition of tumor growth, and several tumor-associated processes and signaling pathways linked to cancer development. In addition, we demonstrate that certain mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspases 3, 8, and 9, and p53 were unexpectedly overexpressed in tumors, suggesting that they possess additional non-apoptotic functions. VDAC1 depletion and metabolic reprograming altered their expression levels and subcellular localization, specifically their translocation to the nucleus. In addition, VDAC1 depletion also leads to epigenetic modifications of histone acetylation and methylation, suggesting that the interchange between metabolism and cancer signaling pathways involves mitochondria-nucleus cross-talk. The mechanisms regulating mitochondrial protein trafficking into and out of the nucleus and the role these proteins play in the nucleus remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ankit Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Or Aizenberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmaz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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175
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Pouikli A, Tessarz P. Metabolism and chromatin: A dynamic duo that regulates development and ageing: Elucidating the metabolism-chromatin axis in bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000273. [PMID: 33629755 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) proliferation and lineage commitment are under the coordinated control of metabolism and epigenetics; the MSC niche contains low oxygen, which is an important determinant of the cellular metabolic state. In turn, metabolism drives stem cell fate decisions via alterations of the chromatin landscape. Due to the fundamental role of BM-MSCs in the development of adipose tissue, bones and cartilage, age-associated changes in metabolism and the epigenome perturb the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation leading to stem cell depletion, fat accumulation and bone-quality related diseases. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of the metabolism-chromatin interplay is crucial for maintaining the stem cell pool and delaying the development and progression of ageing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of metabolism in stem cell identity and highlights the impact of the metabolic inputs on the epigenome, with regards to stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Pouikli
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max-Planck Research Group Chromatin and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
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176
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Wrighton PJ, Shwartz A, Heo JM, Quenzer ED, LaBella KA, Harper JW, Goessling W. Quantitative intravital imaging in zebrafish reveals in vivo dynamics of physiological-stress-induced mitophagy. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.256255. [PMID: 33536245 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective recycling of mitochondria through autophagy, is a crucial metabolic process induced by cellular stress, and defects are linked to aging, sarcopenia and neurodegenerative diseases. To therapeutically target mitophagy, the fundamental in vivo dynamics and molecular mechanisms must be fully understood. Here, we generated mitophagy biosensor zebrafish lines expressing mitochondrially targeted, pH-sensitive fluorescent probes, mito-Keima and mito-EGFP-mCherry, and used quantitative intravital imaging to illuminate mitophagy during physiological stresses, namely, embryonic development, fasting and hypoxia. In fasted muscle, volumetric mitolysosome size analyses documented organelle stress response dynamics, and time-lapse imaging revealed that mitochondrial filaments undergo piecemeal fragmentation and recycling rather than the wholesale turnover observed in cultured cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) pathway activation through physiological hypoxia or chemical or genetic modulation also provoked mitophagy. Intriguingly, mutation of a single mitophagy receptor (bnip3) prevented this effect, whereas disruption of other putative hypoxia-associated mitophagy genes [bnip3la (nix), fundc1, pink1 or prkn (Parkin)] had no effect. This in vivo imaging study establishes fundamental dynamics of fasting-induced mitophagy and identifies bnip3 as the master regulator of Hif-induced mitophagy in vertebrate muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wrighton
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin-Mi Heo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eleanor D Quenzer
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle A LaBella
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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177
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Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming with heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and is at the basis of malignant behaviors. It supports the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells according to the low nutrition and hypoxic microenvironment. Tumor cells frantically grab energy sources (such as glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine) from different pathways to produce a variety of biomass to meet their material needs via enhanced synthetic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, fatty acid synthesis (FAS), and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). To survive from stress conditions (e.g., metastasis, irradiation, or chemotherapy), tumor cells have to reprogram their metabolism from biomass production towards the generation of abundant adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and antioxidants. In addition, cancer cells remodel the microenvironment through metabolites, promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we discuss how the metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer cells and how the tumor microenvironment is educated via the metabolic products. We also highlight potential metabolic targets for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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178
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Kim M, Rho Y, Park R, Jung J, Hwang GS, Seo YK, Seo JH, Heo Y, Ha TK, Ha E. Duodenal-jejunal bypass maintains hepatic S-adenosylmethionine/S-homocysteine ratio in diet-induced obese rats. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1359-1368. [PMID: 33753007 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery altered transsulfuration and purine metabolism via flux changes in 1-carbon metabolism in the liver. In this study, we extended our study to gain further insight into mechanistic details of how the DJB-induced flux changes in 1-carbon metabolism contributes to the improvement of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Rodents were subjected to surgical (sham operation and DJB) or dietary (reduced food supply to follow the weight changes in the DJB group) interventions. The microscopic features of the liver were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of genes in lipid synthesis and in 1-carbon cycle in the liver were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Metabolic changes in the liver were determined. We observed that DJB reduces hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity in both high-fat diet-fed rats and mice. Metabolic analyses revealed that the possible underlying mechanism may involve decreased S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-to-S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio via downregulation of SAM synthesizing enzyme and upregulation of SAM catabolizing enzyme. We also found in mice that DJB-mediated attenuation of hepatic steatosis is independent of weight loss. DJB also increased hepatic expression levels of GNMT while decreasing those of PEMT and BHMT, a change in 1-carbon metabolism that may decrease the ratio of SAM to S-adenosylhomocysteine, thereby resulting in the prevention of fat accumulation in the liver. Thus, we suggest that the change in 1-carbon metabolism, especially the SAM metabolism, may contribute to the improvement of diet-induced fatty liver disease after DJB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmee Rho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhoeun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Seo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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179
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Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of RNA and DNA methylation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113969. [PMID: 33636646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that nucleic acid methylation is a critical element in cardiovascular disease, and most studies mainly focused on sequencing and biochemical research. Here we developed an Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/ MS) method for the quantification analysis of the dissociative epigenetic modified nucleosides (5mdC, 5mrC, m6A) in Myocardial Infarction (MI) SD rats from different periods (1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks) after the surgery. The samples for analysis were obtained from heart tissue and blood of the rats. All the quantification results are compared with the sham-operated group. Total RNA and DNA were isolated by enzymatic hydrolytic methods before the UPLC-MS/MS analysis. The statistical analysis demonstrates the dynamic changes of modified nucleosides in MI rats, and it showed good specificity, accuracy, stability and less samples were needed in the method. In this paper, we discovered that the concentration of 5mdC, 5mrC, m6A from heart tissue significantly increased at 8 weeks after the surgery. Furthermore, UPLC-MS/MS helps us observe the similar change of the concentration of those 3 methylated biomarkers in peripheral blood after 8 weeks. The result shows that the dynamic process of those 3 methylated biomarkers in peripheral blood is related to the content of methylated biomarkers from the heart tissue. Based on the scientific evidence available, we proved that the methylation of genetic materials in peripheral blood is similar to myocardial infarction tissue. The relation between them indicates that peripheral blood could be a promising alternative to the heart tissue which monitor the level of methylation and MI diagnosis-aided.
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180
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Huang S, Zheng F, Lin H, Zhou X, Xu H, Zhang C, Dai W, Hocher B, Zhang X, Tang D, Dai Y. Quantitative proteomics analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in IgA nephropathy. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:7. [PMID: 33557746 PMCID: PMC7869230 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein posttranslational modification is an indispensable regulatory element that can fine-tune protein functions and regulate diverse cellular processes. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a protein posttranslational modification that was recently identified and is thought to play a role in a wide variety of active cellular functions. METHODS In this report, for the first time, we comparatively studied the 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation proteome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a biopsy-proven immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) group and a normal control group based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Altogether, 7405 proteins were identified and added to a Khib library. Of these proteins, we identified 111 with upregulated expression and 83 with downregulated expression. Furthermore, we identified 428 Khib modification sites on 290 Khib-modified proteins, including 171 sites with increased modification on 122 Khib-modified proteins and 257 specific sites with reduced modification on 168 Khib-modified proteins. CONCLUSIONS Importantly, the abundance of lipocalin 2 was increased in the differentially expressed proteins, and a KEGG-based functional enrichment analysis showed that Khib proteins clustered in the IL-17 signaling pathway and phagosome category, which may have important associations with IgAN. Our data enlighten our understanding of Khib in IgAN and indicate that Khib may have important regulatory roles in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Huang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Nephrology Department of Guilin NO. 924 Hospital, Guilin, 541002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Nephrology Department of Guilin NO. 924 Hospital, Guilin, 541002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Cantong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Donge Tang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Nephrology Department of Guilin NO. 924 Hospital, Guilin, 541002 People’s Republic of China
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181
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Lopez-Rodriguez D, Franssen D, Bakker J, Lomniczi A, Parent AS. Cellular and molecular features of EDC exposure: consequences for the GnRH network. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:83-96. [PMID: 33288917 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The onset of puberty and the female ovulatory cycle are important developmental milestones of the reproductive system. These processes are controlled by a tightly organized network of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, which ultimately drive the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. They also strongly depend on organizational processes that take place during fetal and early postnatal life. Therefore, exposure to environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development can result in altered brain development, delayed or advanced puberty and long-term reproductive consequences, such as impaired fertility. The gonads and peripheral organs are targets of EDCs, and research from the past few years suggests that the organization of the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is also sensitive to environmental cues and disruption. Among other mechanisms, EDCs interfere with the action of steroidal and non-steroidal receptors, and alter enzymatic, metabolic and epigenetic pathways during development. In this Review, we discuss the cellular and molecular consequences of perinatal exposure (mostly in rodents) to representative EDCs with a focus on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, pubertal timing and the female ovulatory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Bakker
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), OHSU, OR, USA
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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182
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep S Chandel
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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183
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Ferrer AI, Trinidad JR, Sandiford O, Etchegaray JP, Rameshwar P. Epigenetic dynamics in cancer stem cell dormancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:721-738. [PMID: 32394305 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases despite significant advances of early diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. Cancerous tumors are composed of various cell types including cancer stem cells capable of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and invasion of distal tumor sites. Most notably, these cells can enter a dormant cellular state that is resistant to conventional therapies. Thereby, cancer stem cells have the intrinsic potential for tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor relapse after therapy. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations are attributed to the formation of multiple tumor types. This review is focused on how epigenetic dynamics involving DNA methylation and DNA oxidations are implicated in breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme. The emergence and progression of these cancer types rely on cancer stem cells with the capacity to enter quiescence also known as a dormant cellular state, which dictates the distinct tumorigenic aggressiveness between breast cancer and glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jonathan R Trinidad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Oleta Sandiford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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184
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de Polo A, Labbé DP. Diet-Dependent Metabolic Regulation of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Cancer: More Choices on the Menu. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:403-414. [PMID: 33509805 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite several epidemiologic and preclinical studies supporting the role of diet in cancer progression, the complexity of the diet-cancer link makes it challenging to deconvolute the underlying mechanisms, which remain scantly elucidated. This review focuses on genomic instability as one of the cancer hallmarks affected by diet-dependent metabolic alterations. We discuss how altered dietary intake of metabolites of the one-carbon metabolism, including methionine, folate, and vitamins B and C, can impact the methylation processes and thereby tumorigenesis. We present the concept that the protumorigenic effect of certain diets, such as the Western diet, is in part due to a diet-induced erosion of the DNA repair capacity caused by altered epigenetic and epitranscriptomic landscapes, while the protective effect of other dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, can be partly explained by their ability to sustain a proficient DNA repair. In particular, considering that diet-dependent alterations of the one-carbon metabolism can impact the rate of methylation processes, changes in dietary patterns can affect the activity of writers and erasers of histone and RNA methyl marks and consequently impair their role in ensuring a proficient DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna de Polo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David P Labbé
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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185
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Tarazona OA, Pourquié O. Exploring the Influence of Cell Metabolism on Cell Fate through Protein Post-translational Modifications. Dev Cell 2021; 54:282-292. [PMID: 32693060 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The connection between cell fate transitions and metabolic shifts is gaining momentum in the study of cell differentiation in embryonic development, adult stem cells, and cancer pathogenesis. Here, we explore how metabolic transitions influence post-translational modifications (PTMs), which play central roles in the activation of transcriptional programs. PTMs can control the function of transcription factors acting as master regulators of cell fate as well as activation or repression of cell identity genes by regulating chromatin state via histone tail modifications. It now becomes clear that cell metabolism is an integral part of the complex landscape of regulatory mechanisms underlying cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Tarazona
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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186
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Choi I, Son H, Baek JH. Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Intermediates: Regulators of Immune Responses. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33477822 PMCID: PMC7832849 DOI: 10.3390/life11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is a series of chemical reactions used in aerobic organisms to generate energy via the oxidation of acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) derived from carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins. In the eukaryotic system, the TCA cycle occurs completely in mitochondria, while the intermediates of the TCA cycle are retained inside mitochondria due to their polarity and hydrophilicity. Under cell stress conditions, mitochondria can become disrupted and release their contents, which act as danger signals in the cytosol. Of note, the TCA cycle intermediates may also leak from dysfunctioning mitochondria and regulate cellular processes. Increasing evidence shows that the metabolites of the TCA cycle are substantially involved in the regulation of immune responses. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic overview of the molecular mechanisms of each TCA cycle intermediate that may play key roles in regulating cellular immunity in cell stress and discuss its implication for immune activation and suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jea-Hyun Baek
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37554, Korea; (I.C.); (H.S.)
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187
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Epigenetic-Targeted Treatments for H3K27M-Mutant Midline Gliomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1283:73-84. [PMID: 33155139 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8104-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal midline brainstem tumor that most commonly occurs in children and is genetically defined by substitution of methionine for lysine at site 27 of histone 3 (H3K27M) in the majority of cases. This mutation has since been shown to exert an influence on the posttranslational epigenetic landscape of this disease, with the loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) the most common alteration. Based on these findings, a number of drugs targeting these epigenetic changes have been proposed, specifically that alter histone trimethylation, acetylation, or phosphorylation. Various mechanisms have been explored, including inhibition of H327 demethylase and methyltransferase to target trimethylation, inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) to target acetylation, and inhibition of phosphatase-related enzymes to target phosphorylation. This chapter reviews the current rationales and progress made to date in epigenetically targeting DIPG via these mechanisms.
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188
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Yang S, Han G, Chen Q, Yu L, Wang P, Zhang Q, Dong J, Zhang W, Huang J. Au-Pt Nanoparticle Formulation as a Radiosensitizer for Radiotherapy with Dual Effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:239-248. [PMID: 33469284 PMCID: PMC7811476 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s287523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy occupies an essential position as one of the most significant approaches for the clinical treatment of cancer. However, we cannot overcome the shortcoming of X-rays which is the high value of the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). Radiosensitizers with the ability to enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells provide an alternative to changing X-rays to protons and heavy ion radiotherapy. Materials and Methods We prepared the Au-Pt nanoparticles (Au-Pt NPs) using a one-step method. The characteristics of the Au-Pt NPs were determined using TEM, HAADF-STEM, elemental mapping images, and DLS. The enhanced radiotherapy was demonstrated in vitro using MTT assays, colony formation assays, fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometric analyses of the apoptosis. The biodistribution of the Au-Pt NPs was analyzed using ICP-OES, and thermal images. The enhanced radiotherapy was demonstrated in vitro using immunofluorescence images, tumor volume and weigh, and hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. Results Polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized nanoparticles composed of the metallic elements Au and Pt were designed to increase synergistic radiosensitivity. The mechanism demonstrated that heavy metal NPs possess a high X-ray photon capture cross-section and Compton scattering effect which increased DNA damage. Furthermore, the Au-Pt NPs exhibited enzyme-mimicking activities by catalyzing the decomposition of endogenous H2O2 to O2 in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME). Conclusion Our work provides a systematically administered radiosensitizer that can selectively reside in a tumor via the EPR effect and enhances the efficiency of treating cancer with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohua Han
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Chen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Dong
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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189
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Lu W, Ghergurovich JM, Guo L, Blair IA, Rabinowitz JD, Yang X. Upregulation of Antioxidant Capacity and Nucleotide Precursor Availability Suffices for Oncogenic Transformation. Cell Metab 2021; 33:94-109.e8. [PMID: 33159852 PMCID: PMC7846267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of cancer from diverse normal tissues has long been rationalized to represent a common set of fundamental processes. However, these processes are not fully defined. Here, we show that forced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) affords immortalized mouse and human cells anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in animals. Mechanistically, G6PD augments the NADPH pool by stimulating NAD+ kinase-mediated NADP+ biosynthesis in addition to converting NADP+ to NADPH, bolstering antioxidant defense. G6PD also increases nucleotide precursor levels through the production of ribose and NADPH, promoting cell proliferation. Supplementation of antioxidants or nucleosides suffices to convert immortalized mouse and human cells into a tumorigenic state, and supplementation of both is required when their overlapping metabolic consequences are minimized. These results suggest that normal cells have a limited capacity for redox balance and nucleotide synthesis, and overcoming this limit might represent a key aspect of oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ghergurovich
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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190
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Lv H, Lv G, Chen C, Zong Q, Jiang G, Ye D, Cui X, He Y, Xiang W, Han Q, Tang L, Yang W, Wang H. NAD + Metabolism Maintains Inducible PD-L1 Expression to Drive Tumor Immune Evasion. Cell Metab 2021; 33:110-127.e5. [PMID: 33171124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ metabolism is implicated in aging and cancer. However, its role in immune checkpoint regulation and immune evasion remains unclear. Here, we find nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ biogenesis, drives interferon γ (IFNγ)-induced PD-L1 expression in multiple types of tumors and governs tumor immune evasion in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Mechanistically, NAD+ metabolism maintains activity and expression of methylcytosine dioxygenase Tet1 via α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). IFNγ-activated Stat1 facilitates Tet1 binding to Irf1 to regulate Irf1 demethylation, leading to downstream PD-L1 expression on tumors. Importantly, high NAMPT-expressing tumors are more sensitive to anti-PD-L1 treatment and NAD+ augmentation enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody in immunotherapy-resistant tumors. Collectively, these data delineate an NAD+ metabolism-dependent epigenetic mechanism contributing to tumor immune evasion, and NAD+ replenishment combined with PD-(L)1 antibody provides a promising therapeutic strategy for immunotherapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guishuai Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cian Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Qianni Zong
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuliang Cui
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yufei He
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qin Han
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Liang Tang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Wen Yang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
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191
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Yuan BF. Quantitative Analysis of Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1280:161-172. [PMID: 33791981 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) were demonstrated to induce the production and accumulation of oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). 2HG is a potent competitor of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and can inhibit multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases that are critical for regulating the metabolic and epigenetic state of cells. The accumulation of 2HG contributes to elevated risk of malignant tumors. 2HG carries an asymmetric carbon atom in its carbon backbone and therefore occurs in two enantiomers, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG). Each enantiomer is produced and metabolized in independent biochemical pathway and catalyzed by different enzymes. The accurate diagnosis of 2HG-related diseases relies on determining the configuration of the two enantiomers. Quantitative methods for analysis of D-2HG and L-2HG have been well developed. These analytical strategies mainly include the use of chiral chromatography medium to facilitate chromatographic separation of enantiomers prior to spectroscopy or mass spectrometry analysis and the use of chiral derivatization reagents to convert the enantiomers to diastereomers with differential physical and chemical properties that can improve their chromatographic separation. Here, we summarize and discuss these established methods for analysis of total 2HG as well as the determination of the enantiomers of D-2HG and L-2HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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192
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Zhang D, Guo Y, Xie N. Prognostic value and co-expression patterns of metabolic pathways in cancers. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:860. [PMID: 33372594 PMCID: PMC7771089 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal metabolic pathways have been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. While numerous metabolic pathways have been studied in various cancers, the direct link between metabolic pathway gene expression and cancer prognosis has not been established. RESULTS Using two recently developed bioinformatics analysis methods, we evaluated the prognosis potential of metabolic pathway expression and tumor-vs-normal dysregulations for up to 29 metabolic pathways in 33 cancer types. Results show that increased metabolic gene expression within tumors corresponds to poor cancer prognosis. Meta differential co-expression analysis identified four metabolic pathways with significant global co-expression network disturbance between tumor and normal samples. Differential expression analysis of metabolic pathways also demonstrated strong gene expression disturbance between paired tumor and normal samples. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results strongly suggested that metabolic pathway gene expressions are disturbed after tumorigenesis. Within tumors, many metabolic pathways are upregulated for tumor cells to activate corresponding metabolisms to sustain the required energy for cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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193
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Pereira SC, Crisóstomo L, Sousa M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Metabolic diseases affect male reproduction and induce signatures in gametes that may compromise the offspring health. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa019. [PMID: 33324496 PMCID: PMC7722800 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases worldwide are non-communicable such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Noteworthy, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is expected to steadily increase in the next decades, mostly fueled by bad feeding habits, stress, and sedentarism. The reproductive function of individuals is severely affected by abnormal metabolic environments, both at mechanical and biochemical levels. Along with mechanical dysfunctions, and decreased sperm quality (promoted both directly and indirectly by metabolic abnormalities), several studies have already reported the potentially harmful effects of metabolic disorders in the genetic and epigenetic cargo of spermatozoa, and the epigenetic inheritance of molecular signatures induced by metabolic profile (paternal diet, obesity, and diabetes). The inheritance of epigenetic factors towards the development of metabolic abnormalities means that more people in reproductive age can potentially suffer from these disorders and for longer periods. In its turn, these individuals can also transmit this (epi)genetic information to future generations, creating a vicious cycle. In this review, we collect the reported harmful effects related to acquired metabolic disorders and diet in sperm parameters and male reproductive potential. Besides, we will discuss the novel findings regarding paternal epigenetic inheritance, particularly the ones induced by paternal diet rich in fats, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We analyze the data attained with in vitro and animal models as well as in long-term transgenerational population studies. Although the findings on this topic are very recent, epigenetic inheritance of metabolic disease has a huge societal impact, which may be crucial to tackle the 'fat epidemic' efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Pereira
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Crisóstomo
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Sousa
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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194
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McAleese CE, Choudhury C, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Hypoxia-mediated drug resistance in breast cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 502:189-199. [PMID: 33278499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia in solid tumors is caused by several pathological changes associated with tumor growth, including altered microvasculature structure, increased diffusional distances, and tumor-associated anemia. As the oxygen tension decreases, tumor cells adapt to the limited oxygen supply. Previous studies have shown that such adaptation leads to an aggressive phenotype that is resistant to many anti-cancer therapies. Induction of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediates many proteomic and genomic changes associated with tumor hypoxia. In breast cancers, HIFs not only predict poor prognosis, but also promote metastasis and drug resistance. Several studies have proposed HIF-1α as a druggable target in drug-resistant breast cancers, leading to the synthesis and development of small molecule inhibitors. Disappointingly, however, none of these small molecule inhibitors have progressed to clinical use. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of HIF-1α in breast cancer drug resistance and summarize the current and future approaches to targeting this transcription factor in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chandra Choudhury
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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195
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The Crosstalk of Epigenetics and Metabolism in Herpesvirus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121377. [PMID: 33271926 PMCID: PMC7760534 DOI: 10.3390/v12121377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a versatile player in manipulating viral infection and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of viral-induced diseases. Both epigenetics and metabolism are crucial in establishing a highly specific transcriptional network, which may promote or suppress virus infection. Human herpesvirus infection can induce a broad range of human malignancies and is largely dependent on the status of cellular epigenetics as well as its related metabolism. However, the crosstalk between epigenetics and metabolism during herpesvirus infection has not been fully explored. Here, we describe how epigenetic regulation of cellular metabolism affects herpesvirus infection and induces viral diseases. This further highlights the importance of epigenetics and metabolism during viral infection and provides novel insights into the development of targeted therapies.
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196
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Maniyadath B, Sandra US, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Metabolic choreography of gene expression: nutrient transactions with the epigenome. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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197
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van Steenwyk G, Gapp K, Jawaid A, Germain P, Manuella F, Tanwar DK, Zamboni N, Gaur N, Efimova A, Thumfart KM, Miska EA, Mansuy IM. Involvement of circulating factors in the transmission of paternal experiences through the germline. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104579. [PMID: 33034389 PMCID: PMC7705452 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors can change phenotypes in exposed individuals and offspring and involve the germline, likely via biological signals in the periphery that communicate with germ cells. Here, using a mouse model of paternal exposure to traumatic stress, we identify circulating factors involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways in the effects of exposure to the germline. We show that exposure alters metabolic functions and pathways, particularly lipid-derived metabolites, in exposed fathers and their offspring. We collected data in a human cohort exposed to childhood trauma and observed similar metabolic alterations in circulation, suggesting conserved effects. Chronic injection of serum from trauma-exposed males into controls recapitulates metabolic phenotypes in the offspring. We identify lipid-activated nuclear receptors PPARs as potential mediators of the effects from father to offspring. Pharmacological PPAR activation in vivo reproduces metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring and grand-offspring of injected males and affects the sperm transcriptome in fathers and sons. In germ-like cells in vitro, both serum and PPAR agonist induce PPAR activation. Together, these results highlight the role of circulating factors as potential communication vectors between the periphery and the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen van Steenwyk
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katharina Gapp
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral NeuroscienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ali Jawaid
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Neuropsychiatric DisordersBRAINCITY Nencki‐EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain DisordersWarsawPoland
| | - Pierre‐Luc Germain
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Statistical Bioinformatics GroupSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsZürichSwitzerland
| | - Francesca Manuella
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Deepak K Tanwar
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Statistical Bioinformatics GroupSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Niharika Gaur
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Anastasiia Efimova
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kristina M Thumfart
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Eric A Miska
- Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of NeuroepigeneticsBrain Research InstituteMedical Faculty of the University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for NeuroscienceDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience CenterETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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198
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Lim HJ, Kim M. EZH2 as a Potential Target for NAFLD Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228617. [PMID: 33207561 PMCID: PMC7697020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease that is affected by genetic predisposition and epigenetic modification. Deregulation of epigenetic pathways is now recognized as a frequent event in NAFLD, and understanding the mechanistic roles of these epigenetic factors may lead to new strategies for NAFLD treatment. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) catalyzes methylation on Lys 27 of histone H3, which leads to chromatin compaction and gene silencing. EZH2 regulates embryonic development and cell lineage determination and is related to many human diseases. Recent studies show that EZH2 has critical roles in liver development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Moreover, aberrant activation of EZH2 promotes NAFLD progression. Several EZH2 inhibitors have been developed and studied both in vitro and in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of EZH2 in NAFLD and highlight its potential as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-879-8113
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199
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Reshaping circadian metabolism in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and prefrontal cortex by nutritional challenge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29904-29913. [PMID: 33172990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016589117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is a powerful entrainment cue for circadian clocks in peripheral tissues, and changes in the composition of nutrients have been demonstrated to metabolically reprogram peripheral clocks. However, how food challenges may influence circadian metabolism of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or in other brain areas is poorly understood. Using high-throughput metabolomics, we studied the circadian metabolome profiles of the SCN and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in lean mice compared with mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Both the mPFC and the SCN displayed a robust cyclic metabolism, with a strikingly high sensitivity to HFD perturbation in an area-specific manner. The phase and amplitude of oscillations were drastically different between the SCN and mPFC, and the metabolic pathways impacted by HFD were remarkably region-dependent. Furthermore, HFD induced a significant increase in the number of cycling metabolites exclusively in the SCN, revealing an unsuspected susceptibility of the master clock to food stress.
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Systematic integrated analysis of genetic and epigenetic variation in diabetic kidney disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29013-29024. [PMID: 33144501 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005905117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor metabolic control and host genetic predisposition are critical for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) development. The epigenome integrates information from sequence variations and metabolic alterations. Here, we performed a genome-wide methylome association analysis in 500 subjects with DKD from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort for DKD phenotypes, including glycemic control, albuminuria, kidney function, and kidney function decline. We show distinct methylation patterns associated with each phenotype. We define methylation variations that are associated with underlying nucleotide variations (methylation quantitative trait loci) and show that underlying genetic variations are important drivers of methylation changes. We implemented Bayesian multitrait colocalization analysis (moloc) and summary data-based Mendelian randomization to systematically annotate genomic regions that show association with kidney function, methylation, and gene expression. We prioritized 40 loci, where methylation and gene-expression changes likely mediate the genotype effect on kidney disease development. Functional annotation suggested the role of inflammation, specifically, apoptotic cell clearance and complement activation in kidney disease development. Our study defines methylation changes associated with DKD phenotypes, the key role of underlying genetic variations driving methylation variations, and prioritizes methylome and gene-expression changes that likely mediate the genotype effect on kidney disease pathogenesis.
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