151
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Venturini FP, Moraes FD, Cortella LRX, Rossi PA, Cruz C, Moraes G. Metabolic effects of trichlorfon (Masoten®) on the neotropical freshwater fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:299-309. [PMID: 25192665 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish parasites are among the crucial limiting factors in aquaculture. The organophosphorous pesticide trichlorfon is widely used as an insecticide and against fish parasites worldwide. In this study, the effects of environmental trichlorfon on biochemical and physiological parameters were investigated in Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), a widely farmed fish in South America, through sublethal exposure (8 µg L(-1), 10 % of the LC50; 96 h) and recovery. The activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was reduced after exposure (15.5 %) and remained decreased during the recovery (21.5 %). In white muscle, AChE activity decreased 31 % only after recovery. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities of the liver, muscle and plasma were steady during exposure. However, after the recovery period, ALP activity was increased in the liver and muscle and decreased in plasma, while ACP was increased in the liver and decreased in muscle. Intermediary metabolism was also affected by trichlorfon, depicting increase of energetic demand (hypoglycemia, neoglucogenesis and lipid catabolism), which remained even after recovery. These results indicate that P. mesopotamicus is adversely affected by sublethal concentrations of trichlorfon and are useful for assessing the impact as well as the pros and cons of its use in controlling fish parasites in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine P Venturini
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
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152
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Menéndez-Helman RJ, Ferreyroa GV, dos Santos Afonso M, Salibián A. Circannual rhythms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the freshwater fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:236-241. [PMID: 25450939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers as a tool to assess responses of organisms exposed to pollutants in toxicity bioassays, as well as in aquatic environmental risk assessment protocols, requires the understanding of the natural fluctuation of the particular biomarker. The aim of this study was to characterize the intrinsic variations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in tissues of a native freshwater teleost fish to be used as biomarker in toxicity tests, taking into account both seasonal influence and fish size. Specific AChE activity was measured by the method of Ellman et al. (1961) in homogenates of fish anterior section finding a seasonal variability. The highest activity was observed in summer, decreasing significantly below 40% in winter. The annual AChE activity cycle in the anterior section was fitted to a sinusoidal function with a period of 11.2 months. Moreover, an inverse relationship between enzymatic activity and the animal size was established. The results showed that both the fish length and seasonal variability affect AChE activity. AChE activity in fish posterior section showed a similar trend to that in the anterior section, while seasonal variations of the activity in midsection were observed but differences were not statistically significant. In addition, no relationship between AChE and total tissue protein was established in the anterior and posterior sections suggesting that the circannual rhythms observed are AChE-specific responses. Results highlight the importance of considering both the fish size and season variations to reach valid conclusions when AChE activity is employed as neurotoxicity biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata J Menéndez-Helman
- CONICET-INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisele V Ferreyroa
- CONICET-INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria dos Santos Afonso
- CONICET-INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alfredo Salibián
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
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153
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Dong X, Jiang D, Liu Q, Han E, Zhang X, Guan X, Wang K, Qiu B. Enhanced amperometric sensing for direct detection of nitenpyram via synergistic effect of copper nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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154
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Piezoelectric biosensors for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: a review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2014; 4:301-17. [PMID: 25587424 PMCID: PMC4264360 DOI: 10.3390/bios4030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the great amount of pesticides currently being used, there is an increased interest for developing biosensors for their detection. Among all the physical transducers, piezoelectric systems have emerged as the most attractive due to their simplicity, low instrumentation costs, possibility for real-time and label-free detection and generally high sensitivity. This paper presents an overview of biosensors based on the quartz crystal microbalance, which have been reported in the literature for organophosphate and carbamate pesticide analysis.
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155
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Nunes GS, Lins JAP, Silva FGS, Araujo LC, Silva FEPS, Mendonça CD, Badea M, Hayat A, Marty JL. Design of a macroalgae amperometric biosensor; application to the rapid monitoring of organophosphate insecticides in an agroecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:623-630. [PMID: 24997974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of enzymes onto transducer support is a mature technology and has been successfully implemented to improve biocatalytic processes for diverse applications. However, there exists still need to design more sophisticated and specialized strategies to enhance the functional properties of the biosensors. In this work, a biosensor platform based on innovative fabrication strategy was designed, and employed for the detection of organophosphate (OP) in natural waters. The biosensor was prepared by incorporating acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) to the graphite paste modified with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) mediator, along with the use of a macroalgae (Cladaphropsis membranous) as a functional immobilization support. The novel immobilization design resulted in a synergic effect, and led to enhanced stability and sensitivity of the biosensor. The designed biosensor was used to analyze methyl parathion OP insecticide in water samples collected from a demonstrably contaminated lake of São Luis Island, Maranhão, Northeast of Brazil. Water analysis revealed that the aquatic ecosystem was polluted by sub-ppm concentrations of the OP insecticide, and a good correlation was found between values obtained through biosensor and GC-MS techniques. Our results demonstrated that macroalgae-biosensor could be used as a low-cost and sensitive screening method to detect target analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Nunes
- Núcleo de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas, NARP, Departamento de Tecnologia Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. Portugueses, s/n, Bacanga 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - J A P Lins
- Núcleo de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas, NARP, Departamento de Tecnologia Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. Portugueses, s/n, Bacanga 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - F G S Silva
- Núcleo de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas, NARP, Departamento de Tecnologia Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. Portugueses, s/n, Bacanga 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - L C Araujo
- Núcleo de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas, NARP, Departamento de Tecnologia Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. Portugueses, s/n, Bacanga 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - F E P S Silva
- Núcleo de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas, NARP, Departamento de Tecnologia Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. Portugueses, s/n, Bacanga 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - C D Mendonça
- Núcleo de Análise de Resíduos de Pesticidas, NARP, Departamento de Tecnologia Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. Portugueses, s/n, Bacanga 65080-040, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - M Badea
- Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Nicolae Balcescu Nr. 56, 500019 Brasov, Romania
| | - A Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - J-L Marty
- Laboratoire IMAGES EA 4218, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Av. Paul Alduy, 52, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France.
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156
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Evtugyn GA, Shamagsumova RV, Padnya PV, Stoikov II, Antipin IS. Cholinesterase sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified with Ag nanoparticles decorated with macrocyclic ligands. Talanta 2014; 127:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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157
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Oliveira TM, Barroso MF, Morais S, Araújo M, Freire C, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN, Oliveira MB, Delerue-Matos C. Sensitive bi-enzymatic biosensor based on polyphenoloxidases–gold nanoparticles–chitosan hybrid film–graphene doped carbon paste electrode for carbamates detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 98:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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158
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Liebes-Peer Y, Rapaport H, Ashkenasy N. Amplification of single molecule translocation signal using β-strand peptide functionalized nanopores. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6822-6832. [PMID: 24949890 DOI: 10.1021/nn501331u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in ionic current flowing through nanopores due to binding or translocation of single biopolymer molecules enable their detection and characterization. It is, however, much more challenging to detect small molecules due to their rapid and small signal signature. Here we demonstrate the use of de novo designed peptides for functionalization of nanopores that enable the detection of a small analytes at the single molecule level. The detection relies on cooperative peptide conformational change that is induced by the binding of the small molecule to a receptor domain on the peptide. This change results in alteration of the nanopore effective diameter and hence induces current perturbation signal. On the basis of this approach, we demonstrate here the detection of diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon), a poisonous organophosphate molecule. Paraoxon binding is induced by the incorporation of the catalytic triad of acetylcholine esterase in the hydrophilic domain of a short amphiphilic peptide and promotes β-sheet assembly of the peptide both in solution and for peptide molecules immobilized on solid surfaces. Nanopores coated with this peptide allowed the detection of paraoxon at the single molecule level revealing two binding arrangements. This unique approach, hence, provides the ability to study interactions of small molecules with the corresponding engineered receptors at the single molecule level. Furthermore, the suggested versatile platform may be used for the development of highly sensitive small analytes sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Liebes-Peer
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Engineering, and §The Ilze Katz Institute for Nanoscale Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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159
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Rao MA, Scelza R, Acevedo F, Diez MC, Gianfreda L. Enzymes as useful tools for environmental purposes. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:145-162. [PMID: 24411841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the environment enzymes may play important and different roles at least in three cases: as main agents (as isolated, cell-bound or immobilized enzymes) in charge of either the transformation and/or degradation of compounds polluting the environment and the restoration of the polluted environment; as reliable and sensitive tools to detect and measure the amount and concentration of pollutants before, during and after the restoration process; as reliable, easy and sensitive indicators of quality and health status of the environment subjected to the restoration process. To our knowledge papers or reviews integrating findings on these three functions of enzymes are missing in literature. Therefore the main scope of the present paper is to briefly encompass general and specific concepts about roles of enzymes as decontaminating agents, pollutant assaying agents and indicators of environment safety. Examples chosen among those published very recently, supporting and confirming peculiarities, features, and performance of enzymatic agents will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rao
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
| | - R Scelza
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Acevedo
- Centre of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M C Diez
- Environmental Biotechnology Center, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - L Gianfreda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
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160
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Nunes B, Barbosa AR, Antunes SC, Gonçalves F. Combination effects of anticholinesterasics in acetylcholinesterase of a fish species: effects of a metallic compound, an organophosphate pesticide, and a pharmaceutical drug. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6258-6262. [PMID: 24535665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of distinct compounds in the aquatic environment can be causative of various toxicological interactions. This scenario challenges ecotoxicologists, since the assessment of toxicological effects caused by the simultaneous presence of multiple substances is by far more complicated. An illustrative example can be given by mentioning the anticholinesterasic compounds: by studying the level of cholinesterase impairment of an exposed organism, it is possible to ascertain the level of exposure to all anticholinesterasics (despite their chemical classes and natures) that the organism was subjected to. In this work, we describe the effects of three chemically different, albeit mechanistically, and toxicologically similar compounds (copper, chlorfenvinphos, and pyridostigmine) on cholinesterases of the fish Gambusia holbrooki. The results showed that the combinatorial effects may be of considerable extent, even for levels of exposure that are close to the ones already reported in the wild, for each isolated compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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161
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de Oliveira GMT, Kist LW, Pereira TCB, Bortolotto JW, Paquete FL, de Oliveira EMN, Leite CE, Bonan CD, de Souza Basso NR, Papaleo RM, Bogo MR. Transient modulation of acetylcholinesterase activity caused by exposure to dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in brain of adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 162:77-84. [PMID: 24704546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are of great interest in nanomedicine due to their capability to act simultaneously as a contrast agent and as a targeted drug delivery system. At present, one of the biggest concerns about the use of SPIONs remains around its toxicity and, for this reason, it is important to establish the safe upper limit for each use. In the present study, SPION coated with cross-linked aminated dextran (CLIO-NH₂) were synthesized and their toxicity to zebrafish brain was investigated. We have evaluated the effect of different CLIO-NH₂ doses (20, 50, 100, 140 and 200 mg/kg) as a function of time after exposure (one, 16, 24 and 48 h) on AChE activity and ache expression in zebrafish brain. The animals exposed to 200 mg/kg and tested 24 h after administration of the nanoparticles have shown decreased AChE activity, reduction in the exploratory performance, significantly higher level of ferric iron in the brains and induction of casp8, casp 9 and jun genes. Taken together, these findings suggest acute brain toxicity by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Medeiros Tavares de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Woutheres Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Lima Paquete
- Laboratório de Síntese de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Faculdade de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Magno Nunes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Faculdade de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Leite
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nara Regina de Souza Basso
- Laboratório de Síntese de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Faculdade de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Meurer Papaleo
- Laboratório de Síntese de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Faculdade de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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162
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Ivanov Y, Marinov I, Portaccio M, Lepore M, Mita DG, Godjevargova T. Flow-Injection System with Site-Specific Immobilization of Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor for Amperometric Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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163
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Functionalized graphene oxide for the fabrication of paraoxon biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 827:86-94. [PMID: 24832999 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to develop biosensors for the detection of harmful pesticide residues in food and water. Here, we report on a versatile strategy to synthesize functionalized graphene oxide nanomaterials with abundant affinity groups that can capture histidine (His)-tagged acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for the fabrication of paraoxon biosensors. Initially, exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by a diazonium reaction to introduce abundant carboxyl groups. Then, Nα,Nα-bis(carboxymethyl)-l-lysine hydrate (NTA-NH2) and Ni(2+) were anchored onto the GO based materials step by step. AChE was immobilized on the functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) through the specific binding between Ni-NTA and His-tag. A low anodic oxidation potential was observed due to an enhanced electrocatalytic activity and a large surface area brought about by the use of FGO. Furthermore, a sensitivity of 2.23 μA mM(-1) to the acetylthiocholine chloride (ATChCl) substrate was found for our composite covered electrodes. The electrodes also showed a wide linear response range from 10 μM to 1mM (R(2)=0.996), with an estimated detection limit of 3 μM based on an S/N=3. The stable chelation between Ni-NTA and His-tagged AChE endowed our electrodes with great short-term and long-term stability. In addition, a linear correlation was found between paraoxon concentration and the inhibition response of the electrodes to paraoxon, with a detection limit of 6.5×10(-10) M. This versatile strategy provides a platform to fabricate graphene oxide based nanomaterials for biosensor applications.
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164
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Liu J, Lu G, Wang Y, Yan Z, Yang X, Ding J, Jiang Z. Bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses in freshwater fish Carassius auratus exposed to roxithromycin. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 99:102-8. [PMID: 24210552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses of macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (ROX) in fish, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were exposed to various concentrations of ROX (4, 20, and 100μgL(-1)) for 20d. The ROX content in different tissues was quantified using UPLC/MS/MS. The liver exhibited the highest ROX concentration followed by the bile, gills, and muscle tissues. After 15d of exposure to different concentrations of ROX, the bioconcentration factors were 2.15-38.0 in the liver, 0.950-20.7 in the bile, 0.0506-19.7 in the gill, and 0.0439-13.8 in the muscle; these results were comparable to the estimated BCF values. The metabolites formed in the bile were identified based on metabolic identification in human bile. Additionally, the biomarkers, including acetylcholinesterase in the brain, as well as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and superoxide dismutase in the liver changed significantly after 5, 10, 15, and 20d of exposure (P<0.05). Our results suggest that ROX can accumulate and be metabolized in fish; therefore, interactions between ROX or its metabolites and the biological systems may induce biochemical disturbances in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Ding
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, China Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, 210098 Nanjing, China
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165
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Khaled E, Kamel MS, Hassan H, Abdel-Gawad H, Aboul-Enein HY. Performance of a portable biosensor for the analysis of ethion residues. Talanta 2014; 119:467-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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166
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Ribeiro FWP, Barroso MF, Morais S, Viswanathan S, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN, Oliveira MBPP, Delerue-Matos C. Simple laccase-based biosensor for formetanate hydrochloride quantification in fruits. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 95:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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167
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NAKAZAWA H, IWASAKI Y, ITO R. Analytical Methods for the Quantification of Bisphenol A, Alkylphenols, Phthalate Esters, and Perfluoronated Chemicals in Biological Samples. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:25-34. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University
| | - Yusuke IWASAKI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University
| | - Rie ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University
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168
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Dias E, Morais S, Ramalheira E, Pereira ML. Characterization of the toxicological effects of aminocarb on rats: hematological, biochemical, and histological analyses. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:849-855. [PMID: 25072717 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.909305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aminocarb is a widely applied carbamate insecticide with action of controlling pests such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In this study, subchronic effects on Wistar rats were investigated using hematological, biochemical, and histological techniques. Rats were exposed orally at sublethal levels of 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg body weight (groups A, B, and C, respectively) for 14 d. Hematological results revealed no statistical differences after 1 d of exposure but significant reduction in white blood cells detected after 7 d of exposure in group C, as well as, in all treated groups after 14 d of exposure. Biochemical data showed a decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity in all groups after 1 d of exposure with a return to normal after 7 and 14 d. Significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of rats exposed to aminocarb was noted after 7 d of treatment. The levels of triglycerides were also significantly decreased. The present investigation also showed a significant increase in content of serum urea and creatinine in animals from group A (14 d), and from groups B and C (7 and 14 d). Histological results demonstrated hemorrhagic focus on hepatic and renal parenchyma in all exposed groups. Taken together, the attained results were dose dependent and indicated adverse effects of aminocarb on hepatic and renal functions, as well as on immune responsiveness at sublethal tested doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Dias
- a Departamento de Biologia, CICECO , Universidade de Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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169
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Acetylcholinesterase biosensors for electrochemical detection of organophosphorus compounds: a review. Biochem Res Int 2013; 2013:731501. [PMID: 24383001 PMCID: PMC3872028 DOI: 10.1155/2013/731501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponentially growing population, with limited resources, has exerted an intense pressure on the agriculture sector. In order to achieve high productivity the use of pesticide has increased up to many folds. These pesticides contain organophosphorus (OP) toxic compounds which interfere with the proper functioning of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and finally affect the central nervous system (CNS). So, there is a need for routine, continuous, on spot detection of OP compounds which are the main limitations associated with conventional analytical methods. AChE based enzymatic biosensors have been reported by researchers as the most promising tool for analysis of pesticide level to control toxicity and for environment conservation. The present review summarises AChE based biosensors by discussing their characteristic features in terms of fabrication, detection limit, linearity range, time of incubation, and storage stability. Use of nanoparticles in recently reported fabrication strategies has improved the efficiency of biosensors to a great extent making them more reliable and robust.
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170
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Sgobbi LF, Razzino CA, Rosset IG, Burtoloso AC, Machado SA. Electrochemistry and UV–vis spectroscopy of synthetic thiocholine: Revisiting the electro-oxidation mechanism. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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171
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Jeon J, Kretschmann A, Escher BI, Hollender J. Characterization of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and energy allocation in Daphnia magna exposed to carbaryl. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:28-35. [PMID: 24139064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and energy allocation in the freshwater organism Daphnia magna exposed to carbaryl and potential recovery from the effects was examined. The binding of carbaryl-AChE was characterized through in vitro assays. To evaluate the recovery from inhibition and the alteration in energy budget, in vivo exposure and recovery regime tests were conducted. In comparison to diazoxon, the active metabolite of the insecticide diazinon, the stability of enzyme-carbaryl complex was fifteen times lower and the reactivity toward the active site was two times lower, resulting in approximately 30 times lower overall inhibition rate than for diazoxon. The in vitro reactivation rate constant of the inhibited enzyme and the in vivo recovery rate constant of AChE activity were 1.9 h⁻¹ and 0.12 h⁻¹ for carbaryl, respectively, which are much higher than the corresponding rate constants for diazoxon. The lower AChE inhibition and greater reactivation/recovery rates are in accordance with the lower toxicity of carbaryl compared to diazinon. Carbaryl exposure also altered the profile of the energy reserve: the decrease in lipid and glycogen and the increase in protein content resulted in the reduction of the total energy budget by about 45 mJ/g(ww). This corresponds to 26 percent of the available energy, which might allocate for external stressors. The mechanistic model of AChE inhibition is helpful to get an insight into (eco-)toxicological effects of AChE inhibitors on freshwater crustaceans under environmentally realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jeon
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eewag), Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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172
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Marcombe S, Paris M, Paupy C, Bringuier C, Yebakima A, Chandre F, David JP, Corbel V, Despres L. Insecticide-driven patterns of genetic variation in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Martinique Island. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77857. [PMID: 24204999 PMCID: PMC3799629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective vector control is currently challenged worldwide by the evolution of resistance to all classes of chemical insecticides in mosquitoes. In Martinique, populations of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti have been intensively treated with temephos and deltamethrin insecticides over the last fifty years, resulting in heterogeneous levels of resistance across the island. Resistance spreading depends on standing genetic variation, selection intensity and gene flow among populations. To determine gene flow intensity, we first investigated neutral patterns of genetic variability in sixteen populations representative of the many environments found in Martinique and experiencing various levels of insecticide pressure, using 6 microsatellites. Allelic richness was lower in populations resistant to deltamethrin, and consanguinity was higher in populations resistant to temephos, consistent with a negative effect of insecticide pressure on neutral genetic diversity. The global genetic differentiation was low, suggesting high gene flow among populations, but significant structure was found, with a pattern of isolation-by-distance at the global scale. Then, we investigated adaptive patterns of divergence in six out of the 16 populations using 319 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five SNP outliers displaying levels of genetic differentiation out of neutral expectations were detected, including the kdr-V1016I mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Association tests revealed a total of seven SNPs associated with deltamethrin resistance. Six other SNPs were associated with temephos resistance, including two non-synonymous substitutions in an alkaline phosphatase and in a sulfotransferase respectively. Altogether, both neutral and adaptive patterns of genetic variation in mosquito populations appear to be largely driven by insecticide pressure in Martinique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Marcombe
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Margot Paris
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS- Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Paupy
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Charline Bringuier
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS- Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France
| | - André Yebakima
- Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de la Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS- Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Corbel
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Despres
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS- Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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173
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Ahmed SR, Koh K, Park EY, Lee J. Toxic chemical monitoring of agricultural bioproducts using nanomaterials-based sensors. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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174
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Tortella GR, Mella-Herrera RA, Sousa DZ, Rubilar O, Acuña JJ, Briceño G, Diez MC. Atrazine dissipation and its impact on the microbial communities and community level physiological profiles in a microcosm simulating the biomixture of on-farm biopurification system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:459-467. [PMID: 23811367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of repeated atrazine application (40 mg a.i.kg(-1)) on its degradation, microbial communities and enzyme activities were studied in a peat based biomixture composed by straw, soil and peat in the volumetric proportions of 2:1:1 that can be used in on-farm biopurification system. Atrazine removal efficiency was high (96%, 78% and 96%) after each atrazine application and did not show a lag phase. Microbial enzyme activities were reduced significantly with atrazine application but rapidly recovered. Microbial diversity obtained by BiologEcoplate was similar after the first and second atrazine application. However, an inhibitory effect was observed after the third application. After each atrazine application, culturable fungi were reduced, but rapidly recovered without significant changes in culturable bacteria and actinomycetes compared to the control. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns demonstrated that microbial community structure remained relatively stable in time when compared to the controls. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that after successive ATZ applications, the peat based biomixture had a good degradation capacity. Moreover, microbiological assays demonstrated the robustness of the peat based biomixture from a microbiological point of view to support pesticide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Nucleo Científico Tecnológico en Biorecursos, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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175
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Lazarević-Pašti T, Momić T, Radojević MM, Vasić V. Influence of organophosphorus pesticides on peroxidase and chlorination activity of human myeloperoxidase. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:55-60. [PMID: 25149236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of five organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and phorate) and their oxo-analogs on human myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were investigated. While inspecting separately peroxidase and chlorination activity, it was observed that investigated OPs affect peroxidase activity, but not chlorination activity. Among investigated pesticides, malathion and malaoxon have showed the highest power to inhibit MPO peroxidase activity with IC50 values of the order of 3×10(-7) and 5×10(-9) M, respectively. It was proposed that inhibition trend is rendered by molecular structure which invokes steric hindrance for OPs interaction with MPO active center responsible for peroxidase activity. In addition, it was concluded that physiological function of MPO is not affected by any of the investigated OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Momić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš M Radojević
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vasić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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176
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Laccase–Prussian blue film–graphene doped carbon paste modified electrode for carbamate pesticides quantification. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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177
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Iummato MM, Di Fiori E, Sabatini SE, Cacciatore LC, Cochón AC, de Molina MDCR, Juárez AB. Evaluation of biochemical markers in the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei exposed to glyphosate acid in outdoor microcosms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:123-9. [PMID: 23810212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of technical grade glyphosate acid on Limnoperna fortunei was assessed employing outdoor microcosms treated with nominal glyphosate concentrations of 1, 3 and 6 mg L(-1). At the end of the experiment (26 days), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterases (CES) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed. GST and ALP activities and lipid peroxidation levels showed a significant increase with respect to controls in the mussels exposed to glyphosate (up to 90, 500 and 69 percent, respectively). CES and SOD activities showed a significant decrease in glyphosate exposed bivalves with respect to controls (up to 48 and 37 percent, respectively). CAT and AChE did not show differences between exposed and no exposed bivalves. The increase in lipid peroxidation levels and the decrease in SOD and CES activities observed in L. fortunei indicate that glyphosate had adverse effects on the metabolism of this bivalve. The results of the present study also indicate that a "multibiomarker approach" provides a more precise knowledge of the impact of glyphosate on L. fortunei.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Iummato
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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178
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Dong JX, Xie X, He YS, Beier RC, Sun YM, Xu ZL, Wu WJ, Shen YD, Xiao ZL, Lai LN, Wang H, Yang JY. Surface display and bioactivity of Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase on Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70451. [PMID: 23940577 PMCID: PMC3734245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) cell surface display system of Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase (BmAChE) was constructed and its bioactivity was studied. The modified Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase gene (bmace) was fused with the anchor protein (AGα1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and transformed into P. pastoris strain GS115. The recombinant strain harboring the fusion gene bmace-AGα1 was induced to display BmAChE on the P. pastoris cell surface. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays revealed that the BmAChE was successfully displayed on the cell surface of P. pastoris GS115. The enzyme activity of the displayed BmAChE was detected by the Ellman method at 787.7 U/g (wet cell weight). In addition, bioactivity of the displayed BmAChE was verified by inhibition tests conducted with eserine, and with carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides. The displayed BmAChE had an IC50 of 4.17×10(-8) M and was highly sensitive to eserine and five carbamate pesticides, as well as seven organophosphorus pesticides. Results suggest that the displayed BmAChE had good bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xian Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Sheng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ross C. Beier
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuan-Ming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Li Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Na Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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179
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Bulgaroni V, Lombardo P, Rivero-Osimani V, Vera B, Dulgerian L, Cerbán F, Rivero V, Magnarelli G, Guiñazú N. Environmental pesticide exposure modulates cytokines, arginase and ornithine decarboxylase expression in human placenta. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 39:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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180
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Intraperitoneal exposure to nano/microparticles of fullerene (C₆₀) increases acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:623789. [PMID: 23865059 PMCID: PMC3705814 DOI: 10.1155/2013/623789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Even though technologies involving nano/microparticles have great potential, it is crucial to determine possible toxicity of these technological products before extensive use. Fullerenes C60 are nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and biological properties that are important for the development of many technological applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of nonphotoexcited fullerene C60 exposure in brain acetylcholinesterase expression and activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage using adult zebrafish as an animal model. None of the doses tested (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) altered AChE activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage when zebrafish were exposed to nonphotoexcited C60 nano/microparticles during 6 and 12 hours. However, adult zebrafish exposed to the 30 mg/kg dose for 24 hours have shown enhanced AChE activity and augmented lipid peroxidation (TBARS assays) in brain. In addition, the up-regulation of brain AChE activity was neither related to the transcriptional control (RT-qPCR analysis) nor to the direct action of nonphotoexcited C60 nano/microparticles on the protein (in vitro results) but probably involved a posttranscriptional or posttranslational modulation of this enzymatic activity. Taken together these findings provided further evidence of toxic effects on brain after C60 exposure.
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181
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Amraoui NB, Amine A, Rejeb IB, Gargouri M. Determination of Pesticides Based on Their Inhibitory Action on Acetylcholinesterase Using a 2-Phase System. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.762581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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182
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Yaakobi K, Liebes-Peer Y, Kushmaro A, Rapaport H. Designed amphiphilic β-sheet peptides as templates for paraoxon adsorption and detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6840-6848. [PMID: 23631528 DOI: 10.1021/la401280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic peptides were designed to fold into a β-sheet monolayer structure while presenting the catalytic triad residues of the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (Glu, His, and Ser), to a solution containing the organophosphate, paraoxon. Three peptides, in which the catalytic triad residues were arranged in different orders along the strand, were generated to reveal potential differences in interactions with paraoxon as a function of the order of these amino acids. One additional peptide with amino acids introduced in random order was studied to highlight the contribution of the β-sheet secondary structure to any interactions with paraoxon. Langmuir isotherms, Brewster angle microscope at interfaces, and circular dichroism measurements in bulk showed that both the β-sheet conformation and the order of the amino acids along the strand influenced the interactions of paraoxon with the peptides. Compression isotherm curves as well as Brewster angle microscopy images provided evidence for enhanced adsorption of the paraoxon to the monolayers of peptides, which present neighboring Glu and Ser residues along the hydrophilic face of the β-strand. Circular dichroism revealed that the peptide most sensitive to interactions with paraoxon was that with the triad residues in the order Glu, Ser, and His, which appears to be appropriate for supporting a catalytic mechanism similar to that in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. These rationally designed peptides may be further used for the development of technologies for organophosphate adsorption and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Yaakobi
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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183
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Khalil F, Kang IJ, Undap S, Tasmin R, Qiu X, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Alterations in social behavior of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in response to sublethal chlorpyrifos exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:125-130. [PMID: 23566370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The behavioral and biochemical responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to acute and subacute (sublethal) levels of chlorpyrifos were studied. In the acute exposure test, medaka were exposed to 0.018, 0.055, 0.166, or 0.500 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos for 4 d. As a result, fish showed hypoactivity compared to the control (at 0.018, 0.055, and 0.166 mg L(-1), swimming speeds were 55.6%, 39.0%, and 27.3% those of the control), Brain acetylcholinesterase activity and swimming speed were significantly correlated. In the subacute toxicity test, medaka were exposed to 0.012 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos (10% of LC(50)) for 8 d. On day 4, there were no significant differences in behavioral and biochemical endpoints in exposed fish as compared to the control. On day 8, exposed fish became hyperactive, and the swimming speed of the social group increased to 2 times that of the control, whereas acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased to 68% that of the control. In addition, fish exhibited significant alterations in social behavior (schooling duration increased to 2.6 times and solitary duration decreased to 28% that of the control). Our findings clearly demonstrate a subacute effect of chlorpyrifos on the social behavior of medaka, which may pose a risk at population level because of the disturbance of social behavior. In addition, the recorded behavioral alterations may provide a useful tool for assessing the toxicity of organophosphorous pesticides to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Khalil
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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184
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Sharma AK, Gaur K, Tiwari RK, Gaur MS. Computational interaction analysis of organophosphorus pesticides with different metabolic proteins in humans. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:335-47. [PMID: 23554709 PMCID: PMC3596730 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides have the potential to leave harmful effects on humans, animals, other living organisms, and the environment. Several human metabolic proteins inhibited after exposure to organophosphorus pesticides absorbed through the skin, inhalation, eyes and oral mucosa, are most important targets for this interaction study. The crystal structure of five different proteins, PDBIDs: 3LII, 3NXU, 4GTU, 2XJ1 and 1YXA in Homo sapiens (H. sapiens), interact with organophosphorus pesticides at the molecular level. The 3-D structures were found to be of good quality and validated through PROCHECK, ERRAT and ProSA servers. The results show that the binding energy is maximum -45.21 relative units of cytochrome P450 protein with phosmet pesticide. In terms of H-bonding, methyl parathion and parathion with acetylcholinesterase protein, parathion, methylparathion and phosmet with protein kinase C show the highest interaction. We conclude that these organophosphorus pesticides are more toxic and inhibit enzymatic activity by interrupting the metabolic pathways in H. sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Pesticides Research & Sensors Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Farah, Mathura-281122 (U.P.) India
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185
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Zhou J, Xu Z, Chen S. Simulation and prediction of the thuringiensin abiotic degradation processes in aqueous solution by a radius basis function neural network model. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:442-447. [PMID: 23273880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The thuringiensin abiotic degradation processes in aqueous solution under different conditions, with a pH range of 5.0-9.0 and a temperature range of 10-40°C, were systematically investigated by an exponential decay model and a radius basis function (RBF) neural network model, respectively. The half-lives of thuringiensin calculated by the exponential decay model ranged from 2.72 d to 16.19 d under the different conditions mentioned above. Furthermore, an RBF model with accuracy of 0.1 and SPREAD value 5 was employed to model the degradation processes. The results showed that the model could simulate and predict the degradation processes well. Both the half-lives and the prediction data showed that thuringiensin was an easily degradable antibiotic, which could be an important factor in the evaluation of its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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186
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New approach for the potentiometric-enzymatic assay of reversible-competitive enzyme inhibitors. Application to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine and its determination in pharmaceuticals and human urine. Talanta 2013; 110:8-14. [PMID: 23618168 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new kinetic-potentiometric method for the characterization and analytical determination of competitive reversible enzyme inhibitors was developed. The method is based on a mathematical approach, assuming that the reaction proceeds at the steady state, which permits calculation of a tentative substrate concentration to be used to determine low inhibitor concentrations and to obtain the value of inhibition constant corresponding to the inhibitor. The mathematical approach predicts a linear relationship between the inverse of the relative inhibition and the inverse of the inhibitor concentration. The method developed is applied to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, using an acetylcholine-selective electrode. A linear relationship for galantamine concentration from 2×10(-8) to 1×10(-6)M and a limit of detection of 5.4×10(-9)M was found. A value for KI(Gal) of 2.0×10(-7)±0.1×10(-7)M was obtained. The effect of several other drugs and of the main galantamine metabolite excreted in urine was studied. The method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of galantamine in pharmaceuticals and human urine.
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187
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Oliveira TMBF, Fátima Barroso M, Morais S, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN, Oliveira MBPP, Delerue-Matos C. Biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes paste electrode modified with laccase for pirimicarb pesticide quantification. Talanta 2013; 106:137-43. [PMID: 23598106 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of a sensitive enzymatic biosensor for the determination of pirimicarb pesticide based on the immobilization of laccase on composite carbon paste electrodes. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) paste electrode modified by dispersion of laccase (3%, w/w) within the optimum composite matrix (60:40%, w/w, MWCNTs and paraffin binder) showed the best performance, with excellent electron transfer kinetic and catalytic effects related to the redox process of the substrate 4-aminophenol. No metal or anti-interference membrane was added. Based on the inhibition of laccase activity, pirimicarb can be determined in the range 9.90 × 10(-7) to 1.15 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) using 4-aminophenol as substrate at the optimum pH of 5.0, with acceptable repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviations lower than 5%). The limit of detection obtained was 1.8 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) (0.04 mg kg(-1) on a fresh weight vegetable basis). The high activity and catalytic properties of the laccase-based biosensor are retained during ca. one month. The optimized electroanalytical protocol coupled to the QuEChERS methodology were applied to tomato and lettuce samples spiked at three levels; recoveries ranging from 91.0 ± 0.1% to 101.0 ± 0.3% were attained. No significant effects in the pirimicarb electroanalysis were observed by the presence of pro-vitamin A, vitamins B1 and C, and glucose in the vegetable extracts. The proposed biosensor-based pesticide residue methodology fulfills all requisites to be used in implementation of food safety programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M B F Oliveira
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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188
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Mwila K, Burton MH, Van Dyk JS, Pletschke BI. The effect of mixtures of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides on acetylcholinesterase and application of chemometrics to identify pesticides in mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2315-2327. [PMID: 22684846 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CP) pesticides act by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This enables the use of this enzyme for the detection of these pesticides in the environment. While many studies have looked at the effect of single pesticides on AChE, the effect of mixtures of pesticides still requires extensive investigation. This is important to evaluate the cumulative risk in the case of simultaneous exposure to multiple pesticides. Therefore we examined the effect of five different pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran, parathion, demeton-S-methyl, and aldicarb) on AChE activity to determine whether combinations had an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic inhibitory effect. Results indicated that the mixtures had an additive inhibitory effect on AChE activity. The data from the assays of the mixtures were used to develop and train an artificial neural network (ANN) which was then utilised successfully for the identification of pesticides and their concentrations in mixtures. This study is significant because it evaluated mixtures of OPs and CPs where previous studies focused on either OPs or CPs. Previous studies have only examined up to three pesticides while this study evaluated mixtures of five pesticides simultaneously. This is also the first study where an ANN was able to utilise data from the inhibition of a single enzyme to differentiate five different pesticides and their concentrations from mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mwila
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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189
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Chen D, Wang J, Xu Y, Li D, Zhang L, Li Z. Highly sensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides by acetylcholinesterase-coated thin film bulk acoustic resonator mass-loading sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:163-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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190
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Lazarević-Pašti TD, Bondžić AM, Pašti IA, Mentus SV, Vasić VM. Electrochemical oxidation of diazinon in aqueous solutions via electrogenerated halogens – Diazinon fate and implications for its detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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191
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Otieno PO, Owuor PO, Lalah JO, Pfister G, Schramm KW. Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sediment of Lake Naivasha, Kenya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2723-2733. [PMID: 22797882 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports evidence of increased chlorpyrifos contamination in sediment and water in Lake Naivasha following its intensive application in the horticultural farms in the catchment area. Analytical results show that levels of chlorpyrifos residues were influenced by climate-induced rainfall pattern with higher levels reported during period of heavy precipitation with significant decrease during low rainfall. On average, the levels ranged between 14.8 and 32.8 ng g(-1) in sediment during rainy season compared to a range of 8.5-16.6 ng g(-1) in the dry season. Additionally, the mean concentration of chlorpyrifos in water ranged between 8.61 and 22.4 μg L(-1) during rainy season and below detection limit (bdl) -13.6 μg L(-1) in dry season as quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, independent t test analysis indicated that there was significant difference in concentration at p ≤ 0.05 between the seasons with respect to sediment and water samples. This demonstrated that climate-induced variations had considerable influence on contamination. While diazinon and carbofuran were equally applied intensively, their levels were below the detection limit in the all the samples analyzed. ELISA results were validated by the capillary-HPLC photodiode-array detector instrument analysis, and statistical comparison showed no significant difference between them. It was evident that chlorpyrifos residues determination in water and sediment by ELISA can be a useful strategy in environmental management and monitoring program, and a complimentary analytical tool to high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of chlorpyrifos detected in sediment and water were found to exceed recommended criteria for protection of aquatic life and preservation of water quality and may be hazardous if not regularly monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Otieno
- Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105, Maseno, Kenya.
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192
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Lu G, Yang X, Li Z, Zhao H, Wang C. Contamination by metals and pharmaceuticals in northern Taihu Lake (China) and its relation to integrated biomarker response in fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:50-9. [PMID: 23053787 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Taihu Lake is the largest shallow freshwater lake in eastern China and is suffering not only from an increasingly serious threat of eutrophication but also potential ecological risk due to the input of emerging contaminants. Active biomonitoring was conducted in Taihu Lake using transplanted goldfish (Carassius auratus) to determine the contamination by pharmaceuticals and metals and to assess the potential ecological risk. A suite of biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in fish after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of exposure in situ, as well as pharmaceuticals and metals in water, were determined during the field exposure period. The results indicate that pharmaceuticals exist mainly in Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay, while metals are present mainly in Gong Bay. An integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated and used to evaluate the ecological risk of the polluted area of Taihu Lake. It was found that Zhushan Bay might present higher risk to fish, followed by Meiliang Bay. IBR values were in good agreement with copper and caffeine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
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193
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194
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A thin film electro-acoustic enzyme biosensor allowing the detection of trace organophosphorus pesticides. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:42-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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195
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Matisová E, Hrouzková S. Analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticides by capillary GC with mass spectrometric detection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:3166-96. [PMID: 23202677 PMCID: PMC3499860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9093166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, among them many pesticides, alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans at very low concentration levels. Therefore, the importance of method development for their analysis in food and the environment is increasing. This also covers contributions in the field of ultra-trace analysis of multicomponent mixtures of organic pollutants in complex matrices. With this fact conventional capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and fast CGC with mass spectrometric detection (MS) has acquired a real importance in the analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues. This paper provides an overview of GC methods, including sample preparation steps, for analysis of EDPs in a variety of matrices at ultra-trace concentration levels. Emphasis is put on separation method, mode of MS detection and ionization and obtained limits of detection and quantification. Analysis time is one of the most important aspects that should be considered in the choice of analytical methods for routine analysis. Therefore, the benefits of developed fast GC methods are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Matisová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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196
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Liu S, Zheng Z, Li X. Advances in pesticide biosensors: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:63-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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197
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Venâncio VP, Silva JPL, Almeida AA, Brigagão MRPL, Azevedo L. Conventional (MG-BR46 Conquista) and transgenic (BRS Valiosa RR) soybeans have no mutagenic effects and may protect against induced-DNA damage in vivo. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:725-31. [PMID: 22662908 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.687677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the pesticide and metal concentrations as well as the antimutagenic and mutagenic properties of commercial soybeans (Glycine max). Male Swiss mice were fed diets containing 1%, 10%, or 20% (w/w) transgenic soybeans (BRS Valiosa RR) or parental isogenic conventional soybeans (MG-BR46 Conquista). Cyclophosphamide (50 mg kg⁻¹ b.w.) was added in a single dose 24 h before euthanasia as an induction agent. There was no difference in the composition (ash, total fat, protein, moisture, and carbohydrates) of the diets containing the same soybean concentration. The results show that the commercially available Brazilian soybeans tested are free of organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbamate pesticides and contain acceptable heavy metal concentrations. Both cyclophosphamide and soybean treatments were not sufficient to cause detectable oxidative damage on liver by the levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl. The transgenic soybeans are also nonmutagenic and have protective effects against DNA damage similar to those of conventional soybeans but to a lesser percentage (64%-101% for conventional and 23%-33% for transgenic diets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius P Venâncio
- School of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal University, UNIFAL-MG, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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198
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Pereira VM, Bortolotto JW, Kist LW, Azevedo MBD, Fritsch RS, Oliveira RDL, Pereira TCB, Bonan CD, Vianna MR, Bogo MR. Endosulfan exposure inhibits brain AChE activity and impairs swimming performance in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:469-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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199
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Synaptic localization of acylpeptide hydrolase in adult rat telencephalon. Neurosci Lett 2012; 520:98-103. [PMID: 22640895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (ACPH), a serine protease present in the central nervous system (CNS), is believed to have a function in modulating synaptic plasticity, cleavage of beta amyloid peptide and degradation of aggregated oxidized proteins. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of ACPH in the synapse and its preferential localization at the pre-synaptic side. We isolated subcellular fractions from the rat telencephalon enriched in pre- versus post-synaptic components by using differential centrifugation steps to evaluate ACPH catalytic activity and expression level. Relative ACPH levels were determined by Western blot techniques while antibodies against synaptophysin and PSD-95 were used as positive pre- and post-synaptic markers, respectively. Our results show that ACPH protein levels are significantly increased at the synapse, which correlates with a 56% increase in ACPH activity. Furthermore, Western blot experiments show that ACPH is preferentially located at the pre-synaptic side and this is consistent with the increase of its enzymatic activity in fractions enriched in pre-synaptic components. These results give new insights regarding the localization and a putative role of ACPH in the CNS.
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200
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Magnetic techniques for the detection and determination of xenobiotics and cells in water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1257-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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