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Kutlar Joss M, Boogaard H, Samoli E, Patton AP, Atkinson R, Brook J, Chang H, Haddad P, Hoek G, Kappeler R, Sagiv S, Smargiassi A, Szpiro A, Vienneau D, Weuve J, Lurmann F, Forastiere F, Hoffmann BH. Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605718. [PMID: 37325174 PMCID: PMC10266340 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We report results of a systematic review on the health effects of long-term traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and diabetes in the adult population. Methods: An expert Panel appointed by the Health Effects Institute conducted this systematic review. We searched the PubMed and LUDOK databases for epidemiological studies from 1980 to July 2019. TRAP was defined based on a comprehensive protocol. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Confidence assessments were based on a modified Office for Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) approach, complemented with a broader narrative synthesis. We extended our interpretation to include evidence published up to May 2022. Results: We considered 21 studies on diabetes. All meta-analytic estimates indicated higher diabetes risks with higher exposure. Exposure to NO2 was associated with higher diabetes prevalence (RR 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02; 1.17 per 10 μg/m3), but less pronounced for diabetes incidence (RR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.96; 1.13 per 10 μg/m3). The overall confidence in the evidence was rated moderate, strengthened by the addition of 5 recently published studies. Conclusion: There was moderate evidence for an association of long-term TRAP exposure with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kutlar Joss
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Richard Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pascale Haddad
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ron Kappeler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara H. Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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152
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Mazeli MI, Pahrol MA, Abdul Shakor AS, Kanniah KD, Omar MA. Cardiovascular, respiratory and all-cause (natural) health endpoint estimation using a spatial approach in Malaysia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162130. [PMID: 36804978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that approximately 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide were attributable to exposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5). This study assessed the environmental burden of disease attributable to PM2.5 at the national level in Malaysia. We estimated the population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) of PM10 concentrations in Malaysia for 2000, 2008, and 2013 using aerosol optical density (AOD) data from publicly available remote sensing satellite data (MODIS Terra). The PWEL was then converted to PM2.5 using Malaysia's WHO ambient air conversion factor. We used AirQ+ 2.0 software to calculate all-cause (natural), ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) excess deaths from the National Burden of Disease data for 2000, 2008 and 2013. The average PWELs for annual PM2.5 for 2000, 2008, and 2013 were 22 μg m-3, 18 μg m-3 and 24 μg m-3, respectively. Using the WHO 2005 Air Quality Guideline cut-off point of PM2.5 of 10 μg m-3, the estimated excess deaths for 2000, 2008, and 2013 from all-cause (natural) mortality were between 5893 and 9781 (95 % CI: 3347-12,791), COPD was between 164 and 957 (95 % CI: 95-1411), lung cancer was between 109 and 307 (95 % CI: 63-437), IHD was between 3 and 163 deaths, according to age groups (95 % CI: 2-394) and stroke was between 6 and 155 deaths, according to age groups (95 % CI: 3-261). An increase in estimated health endpoints was associated with increased estimated PWEL PM2.5 for 2013 compared to 2000 and 2008. Adhering the ambient PM2.5 level to the Malaysian Air Quality Standard IT-2 would reduce the national health endpoints mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Iqbal Mazeli
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Alfatih Pahrol
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Ameerah Su'ad Abdul Shakor
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kasturi Devi Kanniah
- Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institute of Health Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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153
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Schwarz M, Schneider A, Cyrys J, Bastian S, Breitner S, Peters A. Impact of Ambient Ultrafine Particles on Cause-Specific Mortality in Three German Cities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1334-1344. [PMID: 36877186 PMCID: PMC10595437 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1837oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse effects on morbidity and mortality. However, the evidence for ultrafine particles (UFPs; 10-100 nm) based on epidemiological studies remains scarce and inconsistent. Objectives: We examined associations between short-term exposures to UFPs and total particle number concentrations (PNCs; 10-800 nm) and cause-specific mortality in three German cities: Dresden, Leipzig, and Augsburg. Methods: We obtained daily counts of natural, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality between 2010 and 2017. UFPs and PNCs were measured at six sites, and measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5; ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and nitrogen dioxide were collected from routine monitoring. We applied station-specific confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models. We investigated air pollutant effects at aggregated lags (0-1, 2-4, 5-7, and 0-7 d after UFP exposure) and used a novel multilevel meta-analytical method to pool the results. Additionally, we assessed interdependencies between pollutants using two-pollutant models. Measurements and Main Results: For respiratory mortality, we found a delayed increase in relative risk of 4.46% (95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 7.48%) per 3,223-particles/cm3 increment 5-7 days after UFP exposure. Effects for PNCs showed smaller but comparable estimates consistent with the observation that the smallest UFP fractions showed the largest effects. No clear associations were found for cardiovascular or natural mortality. UFP effects were independent of PM2.5 in two-pollutant models. Conclusions: We found delayed effects for respiratory mortality within 1 week after exposure to UFPs and PNCs but no associations for natural or cardiovascular mortality. This finding adds to the evidence on the independent health effects of UFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schwarz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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154
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Zhang D, Chen W, Cheng C, Huang H, Li X, Qin P, Chen C, Luo X, Zhang M, Li J, Sun X, Liu Y, Hu D. Air pollution exposure and heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162191. [PMID: 36781139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While the literature strongly supports a positive association between particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure and heart failure (HF), there is uncertainty regarding the other pollutants and the dose and duration of exposure that triggers an adverse response. To comprehensively assess and quantify the association of air pollution exposure with HF incidence and mortality, we performed separate meta-analyses according to pollutant types [PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3)], and exposure duration (short- and long-term). We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for relevant articles with publication dates up to July 12, 2022, identifying 35 eligible studies. Random-effects models were used to summarize the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). For long-term exposure, the growing risk of HF was significantly associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (OR = 1.196, 95 % CI: 1.079-1.326; I2 = 76.8 %), PM10 (1.190, 1.045-1.356; I2 = 76.2 %), and NO2 (1.072, 1.028-1.118; I2 = 78.3 %). For short-term exposure, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 (per 10 μg/m3 increment) increased the risk of HF, with estimated ORs of 1.019 (1.008-1.030; I2 = 39.9 %), 1.012 (1.007-1.017; I2 = 28.3 %), 1.016 (1.005-1.026; I2 = 53.7 %), and 1.006 (1.002-1.010; I2 = 0.0 %), respectively. No significant effects of SO2 and CO exposure on the risk of HF were observed. In summary, our study powerfully highlights the deleterious impact of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposure (either short- or long-term) on HF risk. Serious efforts should be made to improve air quality through legislation and interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiling Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Medical Record Management, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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155
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Cui X, Lai W, Zhao Y, Chen C. The Exosome-Mediated Cascade Reactions for the Transfer and Inflammatory Responses of Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7891-7901. [PMID: 37163641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a frequent occurrence to humans, and their adverse outcomes have become a global concern. Although PM-induced inflammation is a common phenomenon, a clear picture of the mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated inflammation of PM has not yet emerged. Here, we show that exosomes can mediate the cascade reactions for the transfer of PM and inflammatory responses of macrophages. Specifically, two fine PM2.5, namely F1 (<0.49 μm) and F2 (0.95-1.5 μm), stimulated a substantial release of exosomes from macrophages (THP-1 cells) with the order of F1 > F2, via regulation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Inhibiting P2X7R with a specific inhibitor largely prevented the secretion of exosomes. In particular, we found that exosomes served as a mediator for the transfer of PM2.5 to the recipient macrophages and activated NF-κB signaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), thereby stimulating inflammatory cytokine release and altering the inflammatory phenotype of recipients. Importantly, the exosomes derived from PM2.5-treated macrophages induced the inflammatory responses of lung in mice. Our results highlight that exosomes undergo a secretion-particle transfer-adverse outcome chain in macrophages treated with PM2.5. Given the ubiquitous atmospheric particulate matter, these new findings underscore an urgent need for assessing the secretion of exosomes and their impact on human health via exosome-centric physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
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156
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Bouma F, Janssen NA, Wesseling J, van Ratingen S, Strak M, Kerckhoffs J, Gehring U, Hendricx W, de Hoogh K, Vermeulen R, Hoek G. Long-term exposure to ultrafine particles and natural and cause-specific mortality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107960. [PMID: 37178608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health implications of long-term exposure to ubiquitously present ultrafine particles (UFP) are uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between long-term UFP exposure and natural and cause-specific mortality (including cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and lung cancer) in the Netherlands. METHODS A Dutch national cohort of 10.8 million adults aged ≥ 30 years was followed from 2013 until 2019. Annual average UFP concentrations were estimated at the home address at baseline, using land-use regression models based on a nationwide mobile monitoring campaign performed at the midpoint of the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard models were applied, adjusting for individual and area-level socio-economic status covariates. Two-pollutant models with the major regulated pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10), and the health relevant combustion aerosol pollutant (elemental carbon (EC)) were assessed based on dispersion modelling. RESULTS A total of 945,615 natural deaths occurred during 71,008,209 person-years of follow-up. The correlation of UFP concentration with other pollutants ranged from moderate (0.59 (PM2.5)) to high (0.81 (NO2)). We found a significant association between annual average UFP exposure and natural mortality [HR 1.012 (95 % CI 1.010-1.015), per interquartile range (IQR) (2723 particles/cm3) increment]. Associations were stronger for respiratory disease mortality [HR 1.022 (1.013-1.032)] and lung cancer mortality [HR 1.038 (1.028-1.048)] and weaker for CVD mortality [HR 1.005 (1.000-1.011)]. The associations of UFP with natural and lung cancer mortality attenuated but remained significant in all two-pollutant models, whereas the associations with CVD and respiratory mortality attenuated to the null. CONCLUSION Long-term UFP exposure was associated with natural and lung cancer mortality among adults independently from other regulated air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Bouma
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicole Ah Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Wesseling
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Ratingen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maciek Strak
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendricx
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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157
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Castro A, Künzli N, de Hoogh K, Kappeler R, Joss MK, Vienneau D, Röösli M. Mortality attributable to ambient fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Switzerland in 2019: Use of two-pollutant effect estimates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116029. [PMID: 37149029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution health risk assessments have traditionally used single-pollutant effect estimates for one proxy ambient air pollutant such as PM2.5. Two-pollutant effect estimates, i.e. adjusted for another correlated pollutant, theoretically enable the aggregation of pollutant-specific health effects minimizing double-counting. Our study aimed at estimating the adult mortality in Switzerland in 2019 attributable to PM2.5 from a single-pollutant effect estimate and to the sum of PM2.5 and NO2 from two-pollutant estimates; comparing the results with those from alternative global, European and Swiss effect estimates. METHODS For the single-pollutant approach, we used a PM2.5 summary estimate of European cohorts from the project ELAPSE, recommended by the European Respiratory Society and International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ERS-ISEE). To derive the two-pollutant effect estimates, we applied ELAPSE-based conversion factors to ERS-ISEE PM2.5 and NO2 single-pollutant effect estimates. Additionally, we used World Health Organization 2021 Air Quality Guidelines as counterfactual scenario, exposure model data from 2019 and Swiss lifetables. RESULTS The single-pollutant effect estimate for PM2.5 (1.118 [1.060; 1.179] per 10 μg/m3) resulted in 2240 deaths (21,593 years of life lost). Using our derived two-pollutant effect estimates (1.023 [1.012; 1.035] per 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 adjusted for NO2 and 1.040 [1.023; 1.058] per 10 μg/m3 NO2 adjusted for PM2.5), we found 1977 deaths (19,071 years of life lost) attributable to PM2.5 and NO2 together (23% from PM2.5). Deaths using alternative effect estimates ranged from 1042 to 5059. DISCUSSION Estimated premature mortality attributable to PM2.5 alone was higher than to both PM2.5 and NO2 combined. Furthermore, the proportion of deaths from PM2.5 was lower than from NO2 in the two-pollutant approach. These seemingly paradoxical results, also found in some alternative estimates, are due to statistical imprecisions of underlying correction methods. Therefore, using two-pollutant effect estimates can lead to interpretation challenges in terms of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Castro
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ron Kappeler
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meltem Kutlar Joss
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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158
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So R, Chen J, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Katsouyanni K, Vienneau D, Samoli E, Rodopoulou S, Loft S, Lim YH, Westendorp RGJ, Amini H, Cole-Hunter T, Bergmann M, Shahri SMT, Zhang J, Maric M, Mortensen LH, Bauwelinck M, Klompmaker JO, Atkinson RW, Janssen NAH, Oftedal B, Renzi M, Forastiere F, Strak M, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to elemental components of fine particulate matter and all-natural and cause-specific mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115552. [PMID: 36822536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a well-recognized risk factor for premature death. However, evidence on which PM2.5 components are most relevant is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the associations between mortality and long-term exposure to eight PM2.5 elemental components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), and potassium (K)]. Studied outcomes included death from diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia, and psychiatric disorders as well as all-natural causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), and lung cancer. We followed all residents in Denmark (aged ≥30 years) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. We used European-wide land-use regression models at a 100 × 100 m scale to estimate the residential annual mean levels of exposure to PM2.5 components. The models were developed with supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF). The associations were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors and total PM2.5 mass. RESULTS Of 3,081,244 individuals, we observed 803,373 death from natural causes during follow-up. We found significant positive associations between all-natural mortality with Si and K from both exposure modeling approaches (hazard ratios; 95% confidence intervals per interquartile range increase): SLR-Si (1.04; 1.03-1.05), RF-Si (1.01; 1.00-1.02), SLR-K (1.03; 1.02-1.04), and RF-K (1.06; 1.05-1.07). Strong associations of K and Si were detected with most causes of mortality except CKD and K, and diabetes and Si (the strongest associations for psychiatric disorders mortality). In addition, Fe was relevant for mortality from RD, lung cancer, CKD, and psychiatric disorders; Zn with mortality from CKD, RD, and lung cancer, and; Ni and V with lung cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS We present novel results of the relevance of different PM2.5 components for different causes of death, with K and Si seeming to be most consistently associated with mortality in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bergmann
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matija Maric
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of air quality and noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maciek Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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159
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Madronich S, Sulzberger B, Longstreth JD, Schikowski T, Andersen MPS, Solomon KR, Wilson SR. Changes in tropospheric air quality related to the protection of stratospheric ozone in a changing climate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1129-1176. [PMID: 37310641 PMCID: PMC10262938 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation drives the net production of tropospheric ozone (O3) and a large fraction of particulate matter (PM) including sulfate, nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols. Ground-level O3 and PM are detrimental to human health, leading to several million premature deaths per year globally, and have adverse effects on plants and the yields of crops. The Montreal Protocol has prevented large increases in UV radiation that would have had major impacts on air quality. Future scenarios in which stratospheric O3 returns to 1980 values or even exceeds them (the so-called super-recovery) will tend to ameliorate urban ground-level O3 slightly but worsen it in rural areas. Furthermore, recovery of stratospheric O3 is expected to increase the amount of O3 transported into the troposphere by meteorological processes that are sensitive to climate change. UV radiation also generates hydroxyl radicals (OH) that control the amounts of many environmentally important chemicals in the atmosphere including some greenhouse gases, e.g., methane (CH4), and some short-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Recent modeling studies have shown that the increases in UV radiation associated with the depletion of stratospheric ozone over 1980-2020 have contributed a small increase (~ 3%) to the globally averaged concentrations of OH. Replacements for ODSs include chemicals that react with OH radicals, hence preventing the transport of these chemicals to the stratosphere. Some of these chemicals, e.g., hydrofluorocarbons that are currently being phased out, and hydrofluoroolefins now used increasingly, decompose into products whose fate in the environment warrants further investigation. One such product, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), has no obvious pathway of degradation and might accumulate in some water bodies, but is unlikely to cause adverse effects out to 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA.
- USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest after retirement from Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - J D Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - M P Sulbæk Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, USA
| | - K R Solomon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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160
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Ramos-Contreras C, Piñeiro-Iglesias M, Concha-Graña E, Sánchez-Piñero J, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Franco-Uría A, López-Mahía P, Molina-Pérez F, Muniategui-Lorenzo S. Source apportionment of PM 10 and health risk assessment related in a narrow tropical valley. Study case: Metropolitan area of Aburrá Valley (Colombia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60036-60049. [PMID: 37017840 PMCID: PMC10163095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates spatio-temporal variations of PM10 mass concentrations and associated metal(oid)s, δ13C carbon isotope ratios, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total organic carbon (TOC) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations over a half year period (from March 2017 to October 2017) in two residential areas of Medellín (MED-1 and MED-2) and Itagüí municipality (ITA-1 and ITA-2) at a tropical narrow valley (Aburrá Valley, Colombia), where few data are available. A total of 104 samples were analysed by using validated analytical methodologies, providing valuable data for PM10 chemical characterisation. Metal(oid)s concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid digestion, and PAHs concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after Pressurised Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) and Membrane Assisted Solvent Extraction (MASE). Mean PM10 mass concentration ranged from 37.0 µg m-3 to 45.7 µg m-3 in ITA-2 and MED-2 sites, respectively. Al, Ca, Mg and Na (from 6249 ng m-3 for Mg at MED-1 site to 10,506 ng m-3 for Ca at MED-2 site) were the major elements in PM10 samples, whilst As, Be, Bi, Co, Cs, Li, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl and V were found at trace levels (< 5.4 ng m-3). Benzo[g,h,i] perylene (BghiP), benzo[b + j]fluoranthene (BbjF) and indene(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IcdP) were the most profuse PAHs in PM10 samples, with average concentrations of 0.82-0.86, 0.60-0.78 and 0.47-0.58 ng m-3, respectively. Results observed in the four sampling sites showed a similar dispersion pattern of pollutants, with temporal fluctuations which seems to be associated to the meteorology of the valley. A PM source apportionment study were carried out by using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, pointing to re-suspended dust, combustion processes, quarry activity and secondary aerosols as PM10 sources in the study area. Among them, combustion was the major PM10 contribution (accounting from 32.1 to 32.9% in ITA-1 and ITA-2, respectively), followed by secondary aerosols (accounting for 13.2% and 23.3% ITA-1 and MED-1, respectively). Finally, a moderate carcinogenic risk was observed for PM10-bound PAHs exposure via inhalation, whereas significant carcinogenic risk was estimated for carcinogenic metal(oid)s exposure in the area during the sampling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ramos-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental (GAIA), Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Piñeiro-Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Estefanía Concha-Graña
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión y Modelación Ambiental (GAIA), Escuela Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), University of A Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, S/N. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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161
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Sin DD, Doiron D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Halpin D, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Montes de Oca M, Papi A, Pavord I, Roche N, Singh D, Stockley R, Lopez Varlera MV, Wedzicha J, Vogelmeier C, Bourbeau J. Air pollution and COPD: GOLD 2023 committee report. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2202469. [PMID: 36958741 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02469-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of COPD worldwide. Indeed, most recent estimates suggest that 50% of the total attributable risk of COPD may be related to air pollution. In response, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Scientific Committee performed a comprehensive review on this topic, qualitatively synthesised the evidence to date and proffered recommendations to mitigate the risk. The review found that both gaseous and particulate components of air pollution are likely contributors to COPD. There are no absolutely safe levels of ambient air pollution and the relationship between air pollution levels and respiratory events is supra-linear. Wildfires and extreme weather events such as heat waves, which are becoming more common owing to climate change, are major threats to COPD patients and acutely increase their risk of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to air pollution also impairs lung growth in children and as such may lead to developmental COPD. GOLD recommends strong public health policies around the world to reduce ambient air pollution and for implementation of public warning systems and advisories, including where possible the use of personalised apps, to alert patients when ambient air pollution levels exceed acceptable minimal thresholds. When household particulate content exceeds acceptable thresholds, patients should consider using air cleaners and filters where feasible. Air pollution is a major health threat to patients living with COPD and actions are urgently required to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to poor air quality around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia Division of Respiratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dany Doiron
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona and CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Anzueto
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David Halpin
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Fernando J Martinez
- Weill Cornell Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Montes de Oca
- Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Centro Médico de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ian Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Respiratory NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Jadwiga Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claus Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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162
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Stafoggia M, Ranzi A, Ancona C, Bauleo L, Bella A, Cattani G, Nobile F, Pezzotti P, Iavarone I. Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality among Four Million COVID-19 Cases in Italy: The EpiCovAir Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:57004. [PMID: 37167483 PMCID: PMC10174641 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants in increasing COVID-19 fatality is still unclear. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and mortality among 4 million COVID-19 cases in Italy. METHODS We obtained individual records of all COVID-19 cases identified in Italy from February 2020 to June 2021. We assigned 2016-2019 mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤10μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to each municipality (n=7,800) as estimates of chronic exposures. We applied a principal component analysis (PCA) and a generalized propensity score (GPS) approach to an extensive list of area-level covariates to account for major determinants of the spatial distribution of COVID-19 case-fatality rates. Then, we applied generalized negative binomial models matched on GPS, age, sex, province, and month. As additional analyses, we fit separate models by pandemic periods, age, and sex; we quantified the numbers of COVID-19 deaths attributable to exceedances in annual air pollutant concentrations above predefined thresholds; and we explored associations between air pollution and alternative outcomes of COVID-19 severity, namely hospitalizations or accesses to intensive care units. RESULTS We analyzed 3,995,202 COVID-19 cases, which generated 124,346 deaths. Overall, case-fatality rates increased by 0.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5%, 0.9%], 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2%, 0.5%), and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.5%, 0.8%) per 1 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, respectively. Associations were higher among elderly subjects and during the first (February 2020-June 2020) and the third (December 2020-June 2021) pandemic waves. We estimated ∼8% COVID-19 deaths were attributable to pollutant levels above the World Health Organization 2021 air quality guidelines. DISCUSSION We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with mortality among 4 million COVID-19 cases in Italy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Carla Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Bauleo
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cattani
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Nobile
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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163
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Polezer G, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Oliveira A, Martins LD, Santos-Silva JC, Moreira CAB, Pauliquevis T, Godoi AFL, Tadano Y, Yamamoto CI, Godoi RHM. The new WHO air quality guidelines for PM 2.5: predicament for small/medium cities. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1841-1860. [PMID: 35713838 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of disease estimated that approximately 7.1 million deaths worldwide were related to air pollution in 2016. However, only a limited number of small- and middle-sized cities have air quality monitoring networks. To date, air quality in terms of particulate matter is still mainly focused on mass concentration, with limited compositional monitoring even in mega cities, despite evidence indicating differential toxicity of particulate matter. As this evidence is far from conclusive, we conducted PM2.5 bioaccessibility studies of potentially harmful elements in a medium-sized city, Londrina, Brazil. The data was interpreted in terms of source apportionment, the health risk evaluation and the bioaccessibility of inorganic contents in an artificial lysosomal fluid. The daily average concentration of PM2.5 was below the WHO guideline, however, the chemical health assessment indicated a considerable health risk. The in vitro evaluation showed different potential mobility when compared to previous studies in large-sized cities, those with 1 million inhabitants or more (Curitiba and Manaus). The new WHO guideline for PM2.5 mass concentration puts additional pressure on cities where air pollution monitoring is limited and/or neglected, because decision making is mainly revenue-driven and not socioeconomic-driven. Given the further emerging evidence that PM chemical composition is as, or even more, important than mass concentration levels, the research reported in the paper could pave the way for the necessary inter- and intra-city collaborations that are needed to address this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Polezer
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Departament of Technology, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Molecular Science Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrea Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leila D Martins
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Santos-Silva
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila A B Moreira
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Theotonio Pauliquevis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Ana F L Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yara Tadano
- Mathematics Department, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos I Yamamoto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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164
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Zhu X, Liu B, Guo C, Li Z, Cheng M, Zhu X, Wei Y. Short and long-term association of exposure to ambient black carbon with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121086. [PMID: 36649881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a product of incomplete or inefficient combustion and may be associated with a variety of adverse effects on human health. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between various mortalities and long-/short-term exposure to BC as an independent pollutant. In this systematic review, we searched 4 databases for original research in English up to 6th October 2022, that investigated population-wide mortality due to BC exposure. We pooled mortality estimates and expressed them as relative risk (RR) per 10 μg/m3 increase in BC. We used a random-effect model to derive the pooled RRs. Of the 3186 studies identified, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria, including 18 long-term exposure studies and 11 short-term exposure studies. In the major meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis, positive associations were found between BC and total mortality and cause-specific disease mortalities. Among them, the short-term effects of BC on total mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, respiratory disease mortality, and the long-term effects of BC on total mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, respiratory disease mortality and lung cancer mortality were found to be statistically significant. The heterogeneity of the meta-analysis results was much lower for short-term studies than for long-term. Few studies were at a high risk of bias in any domain. The certainty of the evidence for most of the exposure-outcome pairs was moderate. Our study showed a significantly positive association between short-/long-term BC exposure and various mortalities. We speculate that BC has a higher adverse health effect on the respiratory system than on the cardiovascular system. This is different from the effect of PM2.5. Therefore, more studies are needed to consider BC as a separate pollutant, and not just as a component of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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165
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Macchi C, Sirtori CR, Corsini A, Mannuccio Mannucci P, Ruscica M. Pollution from fine particulate matter and atherosclerosis: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107923. [PMID: 37119653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global threat to public health. Among the most important air pollutants, causal associations have been established between particulate matter (PM), mainly < 2.5 μm, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias as well as total cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this narrative review is to describe and critically discuss the proatherogenic effects of PM2.5 that have been attributed to many direct or indirect effects comprising endothelial dysfunction, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of metalloproteases, all leading to unstable arterial plaques. Higher concentrations of air pollutants are associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques and plaque ruptures witnessing coronary artery instability. Air pollution is often disregarded as a CVD risk factor, in spite of the fact that it is one of the main modifiable factors relevant for prevention and management of CVD. Thus, not only structural actions should be taken in order to mitigate emissions, but health professionals should also take care to counsel patients on the risks of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Yin Z, Li S, Zhang JJ, Sun HZ, Liu K, Shirai K, Hu K, Qiu C, Liu X, Li Y, Zeng Y, Yao Y. Ambient PM 2.5, ozone and mortality in Chinese older adults: A nationwide cohort analysis (2005-2018). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131539. [PMID: 37149946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort evidence linking long-term survival with exposure to multiple air pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and ozone) was extensively sparse in low- and middle-income countries, especially among older adults. This study aimed to investigate potential associations of long-term exposures to PM2.5 and ozone with all-cause mortality in Chinese older adults. METHODS A dynamic nationwide prospective cohort comprising 20,352 adults aged ≥65 years were enrolled from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study and followed up through 2005-2018. Participants' annual exposures to warm-season ozone and year-round PM2.5 were assigned using satellite-derived spatiotemporal estimates. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was developed to identify confounding variables. Associations of annual mean exposures to PM2.5 and ozone with mortality were evaluated using single- and two-pollutant Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for time-dependent individual risk factors and ambient temperature. RESULTS During 100 thousand person-years of follow-up (median: 3.6 years), a total of 14,313 death events occurred. The participants were averagely aged 87.1 years at baseline and exposed to a wide range of annual average concentrations of warm-season maximum 8-hour ozone (mean, 54.4 ppb; range, 23.3-81.6 ppb) and year-round PM2.5 (mean, 65.5 μg/m3; range, 10.1-162.9 μg/m3). Approximately linear concentration-response relationship was identified for ozone, whereas significant increases in PM2.5-associated mortality risks were observed only when concentrations were above 60 μg/m3. Rises of 10 ppb in ozone and 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 above 60 µg/m3 were associated with increases in all-cause mortality of 13.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.2-16.2%) and 6.2% (95% CI: 4.6-7.7%) in DAG-based single-pollutant model, and of 9.7% (95% CI: 6.6-13.0%) and 5.3% (95% CI: 3.7-6.9%) in DAG-based two-pollutant model, respectively. We detected significant effect modification by temperature in associations of mortality with ozone (P <0.001 for interaction), suggesting greater ozone-related risks among participants in warmer locations. CONCLUSIONS This study provided longitudinal evidence that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and ozone significantly and independently contributed to elevated risks of all-cause mortality among older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunquan Zhang
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Haitong Zhe Sun
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kejia Hu
- Institute of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Widerströmska Huset, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yachen Li
- Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, US.
| | - Yao Yao
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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167
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Wirsching J, Nagel G, Tsai MY, de Hoogh K, Jaensch A, Anwander B, Sokhi RS, Ulmer H, Zitt E, Concin H, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Weinmayr G. Exposure to ambient air pollution and elevated blood levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase in a large Austrian cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163658. [PMID: 37100134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is related to oxidative stress and an indicator for liver damage. We investigated the association between air pollution and GGT in a large Austrian cohort (N = 116,109) to better understand how air pollution affects human health. Data come from voluntary prevention visits that were routinely collected within the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Prevention Program (VHM&PP). Recruitment was ongoing from 1985 to 2005. Blood was drawn and GGT measured centralized in two laboratories. Land use regression models were applied to estimate individuals' exposure at their home address for particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), fraction between 10 μm and 2.5 μm (PMcoarse), as well as PM2.5 absorbance (PM2.5abs), NO2, NOx and eight components of PM. Linear regression models, adjusting for relevant individual and community-level confounders were calculated. The study population was 56 % female with a mean age of 42 years and mean GGT was 19.0 units. Individual PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were essentially below European limit values of 25 and 40 μg/m3, respectively, with means of 13.58 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 19.93 μg/m3 for NO2. Positive associations were observed for PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5abs, NO2, NOx, and Cu, K, S in PM2.5 and PM10 fractions and Zn mainly in PM2.5 fraction. The strongest association per interquartile range observed was an increase of serum GGT concentration by 1.40 % (95 %-CI: 0.85 %; 1.95 %) per 45.7 ng/m3 S in PM2.5. Associations were robust to adjustments for other biomarkers, in two-pollutant models and the subset with a stable residential history. We found that long-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5abs, NO2, NOx) as well as certain elements, were positively associated with baseline GGT levels. The elements associated suggest a role of traffic emissions, long range transport and wood burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wirsching
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Jaensch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Anwander
- Institut für Umwelt und Lebensmittelsicherheit des Landes Vorarlberg, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Ranjeet S Sokhi
- Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research (CACP), School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz (aks), Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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168
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Broomandi P, Rodríguez-Seijo A, Janatian N, Fathian A, Tleuken A, Mohammadpour K, Galán-Madruga D, Jahanbakhshi A, Kim JR, Satyanaga A, Bagheri M, Morawska L. Health risk assessment of the European inhabitants exposed to contaminated ambient particulate matter by potentially toxic elements. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121232. [PMID: 36775135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PM10-associated potential toxic elements (PTEs) can enter the respiratory system and cause health problems. In the current study, the health risk indices caused by PM10 inhalation by adults, children, and infants in 158 European cities between 2013 and 2019 were studied to determine if Europeans were adversely affected by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic factors or not. The Mann-Kendall trend test examined PM10's increasing or decreasing trend. Random Forest analysis was also used to analyse meteorological factors affecting PM10 in Europe. Hazard quotient and cancer risk were estimated using PM10-associated PTEs. Our results showed a decline in continental PM10 concentrations. The correlation between PM10 concentrations and temperature (-0.40), PBLH (-0.39), and precipitation were statistically strong (-0.21). The estimated Pearson correlation coefficients showed a statistically strong positive correlation between As & Pb, As & Cd, and Cd & Pb during 2013-2019, indicating a similar origin. PTEs with hazard quotients below one, regardless of subpopulation type, posed no noncancerous risk to Europeans. The hazard quotient values positively correlated with time, possibly due to elevated PTE levels. In our study on carcinogen pollution in Europe between 2013 and 2019, we found unacceptable levels of As, Cd, Ni, and Pb among adults, children, and infants. Carcinogenic risk rates were highest for children, followed by infants, adult women, and adult men. Therefore, besides monitoring and mitigating PM concentrations, effective control of PM sources is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Broomandi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia Do Solo, Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas S/n, Ourense, 32004, Spain
| | - Nasime Janatian
- Department of Marine Systems, Division of Modelling and Remote Sensing, Tallinn University of Technology (Taltech), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aram Fathian
- Neotectonics and Natural Hazards Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; UNESCO Chair on Coastal Geo-Hazard Analysis, Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Water, Sediment, Hazards, And Earth-surface Dynamics (waterSHED) Lab, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Aidana Tleuken
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kaveh Mohammadpour
- Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; Climate Change Technology Transfer to Developing Countries Group (SSPT-PVS), Department of Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Development, ENEA, C. R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - David Galán-Madruga
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Centre for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo Km 2.2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Jahanbakhshi
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jong Ryeol Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Alfrendo Satyanaga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehdi Bagheri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, Queensland University Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia; Global Centre for Clean Air Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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169
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Josey KP, Delaney SW, Wu X, Nethery RC, DeSouza P, Braun D, Dominici F. Air Pollution and Mortality at the Intersection of Race and Social Class. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1396-1404. [PMID: 36961127 PMCID: PMC10182569 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa2300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black Americans are exposed to higher annual levels of air pollution containing fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]) than White Americans and may be more susceptible to its health effects. Low-income Americans may also be more susceptible to PM2.5 pollution than high-income Americans. Because information is lacking on exposure-response curves for PM2.5 exposure and mortality among marginalized subpopulations categorized according to both race and socioeconomic position, the Environmental Protection Agency lacks important evidence to inform its regulatory rulemaking for PM2.5 standards. METHODS We analyzed 623 million person-years of Medicare data from 73 million persons 65 years of age or older from 2000 through 2016 to estimate associations between annual PM2.5 exposure and mortality in subpopulations defined simultaneously by racial identity (Black vs. White) and income level (Medicaid eligible vs. ineligible). RESULTS Lower PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower mortality in the full population, but marginalized subpopulations appeared to benefit more as PM2.5 levels decreased. For example, the hazard ratio associated with decreasing PM2.5 from 12 μg per cubic meter to 8 μg per cubic meter for the White higher-income subpopulation was 0.963 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.955 to 0.970), whereas equivalent hazard ratios for marginalized subpopulations were lower: 0.931 (95% CI, 0.909 to 0.953) for the Black higher-income subpopulation, 0.940 (95% CI, 0.931 to 0.948) for the White low-income subpopulation, and 0.939 (95% CI, 0.921 to 0.957) for the Black low-income subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS Higher-income Black persons, low-income White persons, and low-income Black persons may benefit more from lower PM2.5 levels than higher-income White persons. These findings underscore the importance of considering racial identity and income together when assessing health inequities. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Josey
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
| | - Scott W Delaney
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
| | - Xiao Wu
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
| | - Rachel C Nethery
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
| | - Priyanka DeSouza
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
| | - Danielle Braun
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
| | - Francesca Dominici
- From the Departments of Biostatistics (K.P.J., R.C.N., D.B., F.D.) and Environmental Health (S.W.D.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; the Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (X.W.); and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Denver (P.D.)
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170
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Boogaard H, Samoli E, Patton AP, Atkinson RW, Brook JR, Chang HH, Hoffmann B, Kutlar Joss M, Sagiv SK, Smargiassi A, Szpiro AA, Vienneau D, Weuve J, Lurmann FW, Forastiere F, Hoek G. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and non-accidental mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107916. [PMID: 37210806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) continue to be of important public health interest across the globe. Following its 2010 review, the Health Effects Institute appointed a new expert Panel to systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations between long-term exposure to TRAP and selected health outcomes. This paper describes the main findings of the systematic review on non-accidental mortality. METHODS The Panel used a systematic approach to conduct the review. An extensive search was conducted of literature published between 1980 and 2019. A new exposure framework was developed to determine whether a study was sufficiently specific to TRAP, which included studies beyond the near-roadway environment. We performed random-effects meta-analysis when at least three estimates were available of an association between a specific exposure and outcome. We evaluated confidence in the evidence using a modified Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) approach, supplemented with a broader narrative synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-six cohort studies were included. Virtually all studies adjusted for a large number of individual and area-level covariates-including smoking, body mass index, and individual and area-level socioeconomic status-and were judged at a low or moderate risk for bias. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe, and a few were based in Asia and Australia. The meta-analytic summary estimates for nitrogen dioxide, elemental carbon and fine particulate matter-pollutants with more than 10 studies-were 1.04 (95% CI 1.01, 1.06), 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) and 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) per 10, 1 and 5 µg/m3, respectively. Effect estimates are interpreted as the relative risk of mortality when the exposure differs with the selected increment. The confidence in the evidence for these pollutants was judged as high, because of upgrades for monotonic exposure-response and consistency across populations. The consistent findings across geographical regions, exposure assessment methods and confounder adjustment resulted in a high confidence rating using a narrative approach as well. CONCLUSIONS The overall confidence in the evidence for a positive association between long-term exposure to TRAP and non-accidental mortality was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Boogaard
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - E Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A P Patton
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - J R Brook
- Occupational and Environmental Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Kutlar Joss
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwill, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - S K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - A Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - D Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwill, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F W Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA, United States
| | - F Forastiere
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Netherlands
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171
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Macintyre HL, Mitsakou C, Vieno M, Heal MR, Heaviside C, Exley KS. Impacts of emissions policies on future UK mortality burdens associated with air pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107862. [PMID: 36963156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the greatest environmental risk to public health. Future air pollution concentrations are primarily determined by precursor emissions, which are driven by environmental policies relating to climate and air pollution. Detailed health impact assessments (HIA) are necessary to provide quantitative estimates of the impacts of future air pollution to support decision-makers developing environmental policy and targets. In this study we use high spatial resolution atmospheric chemistry modelling to simulate future air pollution concentrations across the UK for 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on current UK and European policy projections. We combine UK regional population-weighted concentrations with the latest epidemiological relationships to quantify mortality associated with changes in PM2.5 and NO2 air pollution. Our HIA suggests that by 2050, population-weighted exposure to PM2.5 will reduce by 28% to 36%, and for NO2 by 35% to 49%, depending on region. The HIA shows that for present day (2018), annual mortality attributable to the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 is in the range 26,287 - 42,442, and that mortality burdens in future will be substantially reduced, being lower by 31%, 35%, and 37% in 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively (relative to 2018) assuming no population changes. Including population projections (increases in all regions for 30+ years age group) slightly offsets these health benefits, resulting in reductions of 25%, 27%, and 26% in mortality burdens for 2030, 2040, 2050 respectively. Significant reductions in future mortality burdens are estimated and, importantly for public health, the majority of benefits are achieved early on in the future timeline simulated, though further efforts are likely needed to reduce impacts of air pollution to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Macintyre
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Clare Heaviside
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK.
| | - Karen S Exley
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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172
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Du Z, Chen S, Qu Y, Hao C, Ju X, Lin Z, Wu W, Xiao J, Chen X, Lin X, Chen S, Chen L, Jiang J, Zhang W, Hao Y. Potential causal links between long-term ambient particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular mortality: New evidence from a large community-based cohort in South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114730. [PMID: 36905844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is associated with long-term particulate matter (PM) exposure. However, evidence from large, highly-exposed population cohort and observational-data-based causal inference approaches remains limited. AIMS We examined the potential causal links between PM exposure and the CVD mortality in South China. METHODS 580,757 participants were recruited during 2009-2015 and followed up through 2020. Satellite-based annual concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse (i.e., PM10 - PM2.5) at 1 km2 spatial resolution were estimated and assigned to each participant. Marginal structural Cox models with time-varying covariates, adjusted using inverse probability weighting, were developed to evaluate the association between prolonged PM exposure and CVD mortality. RESULTS For overall CVD mortality, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for each 1 μg/m3 increase in the annual average concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse were 1.033 (1.028-1.037), 1.028 (1.024-1.032), and 1.022 (1.012-1.033), respectively. All three PMs were linked to a higher mortality risk for myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The mortality risk of chronic IHD and hypertension was linked to PM2.5 and PM10. Significant association between PMcoarse and other heart disease mortality was also observed. The older, women, less-educated participants, or inactive participants exhibited particularly higher susceptibility. Participants who were generally exposed to PM10 concentrations below 70 μg/m3 were more vulnerable to PM2.5-, PM10- and PMcoarse-CVD mortality risks. CONCLUSION This large cohort study provides evidence for the potential causal links between increased CVD mortality and ambient PM exposure, as well as socio-demographics linked to the highest vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Global Health Research Center, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chun Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Ju
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking, China.
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Panumasvivat J, Pratchayasakul W, Sapbamrer R, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The possible role of particulate matter on the respiratory microbiome: evidence from in vivo to clinical studies. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:913-930. [PMID: 36781433 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, which contains ambient particulate matter, has been shown to have a significant impact on human health and longevity over the past 30 years. Recent studies clearly showed that exposure to particulate matter directly caused adverse effects on the respiratory system via various mechanisms including the accumulation of free radical peroxidation, the imbalance of intercellular calcium regulation, and inflammation, resulting in respiratory diseases. Recent evidence showed the importance of the role of the respiratory microbiome on lung immunity and lung development. In addition, previous studies have confirmed that several chronic respiratory diseases were associated with an alteration in the respiratory microbiome. However, there is still a lack of knowledge with regard to the changes in the respiratory microbiome with regard to the role of particulate matter exposure in respiratory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and discuss all the in vivo to clinical evidence which investigated the effect of particulate matter exposure on the respiratory microbiome and respiratory diseases. Any contradictory findings are incorporated and discussed. A summary of all these pieces of evidence may offer an insight into a therapeutic approach for the respiratory diseases related to particulate matter exposure and respiratory microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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174
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Stafoggia M, Analitis A, Chen J, Rodopoulou S, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Wolf K, Samoli E. Comparing "causal" and "traditional" approaches in the association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on mortality: How sensitive are the results? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107872. [PMID: 36934573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few comparisons between causal inference and traditional approaches have been performed. We applied "causal" and "traditional" methods to investigate the association between long-term air pollution exposure (PM2.5 and NO2) and mortality. METHODS We analyzed pooled data from eight well-characterized cohorts and one administrative cohort. We defined the generalized propensity score (GPS) as the conditional likelihood of exposure given confounders, and derived corresponding inverse-probability weights (IPW). We applied Cox-proportional hazard models weighted by IPW, adjusted for GPS, and directly adjusting for all confounders. RESULTS In IPW models, PM2.5 5 µg/m3 increases were associated with hazard ratios (HR) = 1.141 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.107, 1.176) and 1.050 (1.014, 1.088) in the pooled and administrative cohorts. Corresponding estimates for traditional Cox models were 1.132 (1.107, 1.158) and 1.057 (1.025, 1.089). Almost identical results were found for all approaches and both pollutants, when unbalanced covariates were adjusted for in causal models. CONCLUSIONS Traditional and causal approaches provided consistent associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Antonis Analitis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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175
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Fan Z, Li Y, Wei J, Chen G, Wang R, Xu R, Liu T, Lv Z, Huang S, Sun H, Liu Y. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and site-specific cancer mortality: A difference-in-differences analysis in Jiangsu province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115405. [PMID: 36736553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies have reported that chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to adverse effects on lung cancer mortality; however, such chronic effects are less clear for mortality from other site-specific cancers. OBJECTIVE To explore the causal effect of long-term PM2.5 exposure on mortality from all-site and a variety of site-specific cancers in Jiangsu province, China during 2015-2020 using a difference-in-differences analysis. METHODS For each of 53 county-based spatial units in Jiangsu province, we calculated annual death counts for all-site cancer and 23 site-specific cancers. Using a validated high-resolution PM2.5 grid dataset, long-term PM2.5 exposure of a spatial unit within a given year was evaluated as the average of population-weighted annual concentrations during recent 10 years. Conditional Poisson regression models were employed to evaluate exposure-response associations adjusting for spatial and temporal variables, seasonal temperatures, relative humidity, and gross domestic product (GDP). RESULTS During the study period, we identified 947,337 adult cancer deaths in Jiangsu province. Each 1 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with a 2.7% increase in the risk of all-site cancer mortality. PM2.5-mortality associations were also observed in cancer of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, stomach, colorectum, pancreas, lung, bone and joints, ovary, prostate, and lymphoma (all adjusted P < 0.05), with the relative risks ranging from 1.028 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011, 1.046) for stomach cancer to 1.201 (95% CI: 1.120, 1.308) for bone and joints cancers. Exposure-response curves showed that these associations were close to linearity, though most of them had increasing slopes at high exposure levels. Overall, women and subjects in low GDP regions were more vulnerable to PM2.5 exposures. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 contributes to a higher risk of mortality from multiple site-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Rui Wang
- Luohu District Chronic Disease Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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176
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Orellano P, Reynoso J, Quaranta N. Effects of air pollution on restricted activity days: systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2023; 22:31. [PMID: 36991377 PMCID: PMC10061989 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of air pollution on human health include many diseases and health conditions associated with mortality, morbidity and disability. One example of these outcomes that can be translated into economic costs is the number of days of restricted activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of outdoor exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 and 2.5 μm (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), on restricted activity days. METHODS Observational epidemiological studies with different study designs were included, and pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for an increase of 10 μg/m3 of the pollutant of interest. Random-effects models were chosen because of the environmental differences between the studies. Heterogeneity was estimated using prediction intervals (PI) and I-Squared (I2) values, while risk of bias was assessed using a tool developed by the World Health Organization specifically designed for air pollution studies, and based on different domains. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed where possible. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022339607). RESULTS We included 18 articles in the quantitative analysis. Associations between pollutants and restricted activity days in time-series studies of short-term exposures, measured as work-loss days, school-loss days, or both were significant for PM10 (RR: 1.0191; 95%CI: 1.0058-1.0326; 80%PI: 0.9979-1.0408; I2: 71%) and PM2.5 (RR: 1.0166; 95%CI: 1.0050-1.0283; 80%PI: 0.9944-1.0397; I2: 99%), but not for NO2 or O3. Some degree of heterogeneity between studies was observed, but sensitivity analysis showed no differences in the direction of the pooled relative risks when studies with a high risk of bias were excluded. Cross-sectional studies also showed significant associations for PM2.5 and restricted activity days. We could not perform the analysis for long-term exposures because only two studies analysed this type of association. CONCLUSION Restricted activity days and related outcomes were associated with some of the pollutants under evaluation, as shown in studies with different designs. In some cases, we were able to calculate pooled relative risks that can be used for quantitative modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Orellano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional San Nicolás, Colon 332, San Nicolas de los Arroyos, Argentina.
| | | | - Nancy Quaranta
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional San Nicolás, Colon 332, San Nicolas de los Arroyos, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
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177
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Guo J, Chai G, Song X, Hui X, Li Z, Feng X, Yang K. Long-term exposure to particulate matter on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1134341. [PMID: 37056647 PMCID: PMC10089304 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1134341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLong-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) has essential and profound effects on human health, but most current studies focus on high-income countries. Evidence of the correlations between PM and health effects in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially the risk factor PM1 (particles < 1 μm in size), remains unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception to May 1, 2022. Cohort studies and case-control studies that examine the effects of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in LMICs were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Outcomes were analyzed via a random effects model and are reported as the relative risk (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsOf the 1,978 studies that were identified, 38 met all the eligibility criteria. The studies indicated that long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and PM1 was associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: (1) Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity (RR per 1.11 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.17) and mortality (RR per 1.10 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14) and was significantly associated with respiratory mortality (RR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.38) and morbidity (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04); (2) An increased risk of respiratory mortality was observed in the elderly (65+ years) (RR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.47) with long-term exposure to PM2.5; (3) Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13), respiratory morbidity (RR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.69) and respiratory mortality (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10, 1.49); (4) A significant association between long-term exposure to PM1 and cardiovascular disease was also observed.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and PM1 was all related to cardiovascular and respiratory disease events. PM2.5 had a greater effect than PM10, especially on respiratory diseases, and the risk of respiratory mortality was significantly higher for LMICs than high-income countries. More studies are needed to confirm the effect of PM1 on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanmei Guo
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guorong Chai
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guorong Chai
| | - Xuping Song
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Xuping Song
| | - Xu Hui
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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178
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Ku PW, Steptoe A, Lai YJ, Yen YF, Ahmadi M, Inan-Eroglu E, Wang SF, Chen LJ, Stamatakis E. Are associations of leisure-time physical activity with mortality attenuated by high levels of chronic ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in older adults? A prospective cohort study. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112148. [PMID: 36931451 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although leisure-time physical activity (PA) has established health benefits in older adults, it is equivocal if exercising in environments with high levels of PM2.5 concentrations is equally beneficial for them. To explore the independent and joint associations of ambient PM2.5 and PA with all-cause mortality among adults aged 60 or older and to assess the modifying effect of age (60-74 years vs. 75+ years) on the joint associations. METHODS A prospective cohort study based on the MJ Cohort repeat examinations (2005-2016) and the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network and death registry linkages (2005-2022). We included MJ Cohort participants aged 60 or more at baseline who attended the health check-ups at least twice (n = 21,760). Metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-h/week) of leisure-time PA were computed. Multivariable adjusted associations were examined using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS There were 3539 all-cause deaths over a mean follow-up of 12.81 (SD = 3.67) years. Ambient PM2.5 and physical inactivity are both independently associated with all-cause mortality. The joint associations of PA and PM2.5 concentrations with all-cause mortality differed in the young-old (60-74 years) and the older-old (75+ years) (P for interaction = 0.01); Higher levels of long-term PM2.5 exposures (≥25 μg/m3) had little influence on the associations between PA and mortality in the young-old (HR = 0.68 (0.56-0.83) and HR = 0.72 (0.59-0.88) for participants with 7.5-<15 and 15+ MET-h/week respectively) but eliminated associations between exposure and outcome in the older-old (HR = 0.91 (0.69-01.21) and HR = 1.02 (0.76-1.38) for participants with 7.5-<15 and 15+ MET-h/week). CONCLUSION Long-term exposures to higher PM2.5 concentrations may eliminate the beneficial associations of PA with all-cause mortality among adults aged 75 and over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Nantou 545, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Yen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Government, Taipei 111, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Ahmadi
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Elif Inan-Eroglu
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
| | - Su-Fen Wang
- Department of Geography, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, 404, Taiwan; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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179
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Oak YJ, Park RJ, Lee JT, Byun G. Future air quality and premature mortality in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161134. [PMID: 36587681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We simulate air quality in Korea for the present, the near-term, and the long-term future conditions under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1: most sustainable pathway with strong emissions control, SSP3: most challenging pathway with mild emissions control) using a chemical transport model. Simulated future concentrations of NO2, SO2, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), show, in general, lower values compared to the present with varying degrees depending on SSP scenarios. Significant reductions in precursor emissions result in a decrease in O3 concentrations under a NOx-limited environment in the long-term future under SSP1. Under SSP3, O3 increases in the future under a VOC-limited regime, driven by increased CH4 levels and biogenic VOC emissions under the warming climate. Concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organic aerosols (OA), generally decrease in the long-term future under both scenarios. However, the contribution of biogenic secondary OA (BSOA) to PM2.5 will increase in the future. Simulated results are used to estimate cardiorespiratory mortality changes with concentration-response factors from epidemiologic studies in Korea based on national health surveys and Korean cohorts, using projected population structures from the SSP database. The cardiorespiratory health burden of long-term exposure to O3, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 is estimated to be 10,419 (95 % confidence interval: 1271-17,142), 8630 (0-18,713), 3958 (0-9272), and 10,431 (1411-20,643) deaths in 2019. We find that the total cardiorespiratory excess mortality due to air pollutants under SSP1 decreases by 8 % and 95 % in 2045 and 2095, respectively. Under SSP3, excess mortality increases by 80 % in 2045, and decreases by 22 % in 2095, resulting in a substantial difference in the health outcomes depending on the emission scenario. We also find that the BSOA contribution to total PM2.5 will differ by region, emphasizing the potential health impact of BSOA on a local scale in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin J Oak
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rokjin J Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Garam Byun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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180
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Psistaki K, Achilleos S, Middleton N, Paschalidou AK. Exploring the impact of particulate matter on mortality in coastal Mediterranean environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161147. [PMID: 36587685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most important problems the world is facing nowadays, adversely affecting public health and causing millions of deaths every year. Particulate matter is a criteria pollutant that has been linked to increased morbidity, as well as all-cause and cause-specific mortality. However, this association remains under-investigated in smaller-size cities in the Eastern Mediterranean, which are also frequently affected by heat waves and dust storms. This study explores the impact of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory) in two coastal cities in the Eastern Mediterranean; Thessaloniki, Greece and Limassol, Cyprus. Generalized additive Poisson models were used to explore overall and gender-specific associations, controlling for long- and short-term patterns, day of week and the effect of weather variables. Moreover, the effect of different lags, season, co-pollutants and dust storms on primary associations was investigated. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 resulted in 1.10 % (95 % CI: -0.13, 2.34) increase in cardiovascular mortality in Thessaloniki, and in 3.07 % (95 % CI: -0.90, 7.20) increase in all-cause mortality in Limassol on the same day. Additionally, significant positive associations were observed between PM2.5 as well as PM10 and mortality at different lags up to seven days. Interestingly, an association with dust storms was observed only in Thessaloniki, having a protective effect, while the gender-specific analysis revealed significant associations only for the males in both cities. The outcome of this study highlights the need of city- or county-specific public health interventions to address the impact of climate, population lifestyle behaviour and other socioeconomic factors that affect the exposure to air pollution and other synergistic effects that alter the effect of PM on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Psistaki
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada 68200, Greece
| | - S Achilleos
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - N Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - A K Paschalidou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada 68200, Greece.
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Hedbrant A, Engström C, Andersson L, Eklund D, Westberg H, Persson A, Särndahl E. Occupational quartz and particle exposure affect systemic levels of inflammatory markers related to inflammasome activation and cardiovascular disease. Environ Health 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 36907865 PMCID: PMC10009934 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory responses are central components of diseases associated with particulate matter (PM) exposure, including systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to determine if exposure to PM, including respirable dust or quartz in the iron foundry environment mediates systemic inflammatory responses, focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome and novel or established inflammatory markers of CVDs. METHODS The exposure to PM, including respirable dust, metals and quartz were determined in 40 foundry workers at two separate occasions per worker. In addition, blood samples were collected both pre-shift and post-shift and quantified for inflammatory markers. The respirable dust and quartz exposures were correlated to levels of inflammatory markers in blood using Pearson, Kendall τ and mixed model statistics. Analyzed inflammatory markers included: 1) general markers of inflammation, including interleukins, chemokines, acute phase proteins, and white blood cell counts, 2) novel or established inflammatory markers of CVD, such as growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), CD40 ligand, soluble suppressor of tumorigenesis 2 (sST2), intercellular/vascular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and 3) NLRP3 inflammasome-related markers, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and caspase-1 activity. RESULTS The average respirator adjusted exposure level to respirable dust and quartz for the 40 foundry workers included in the study was 0.65 and 0.020 mg/m3, respectively. Respirable quartz exposure correlated with several NLRP3 inflammasome-related markers, including plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-18, and several caspase-1 activity measures in monocytes, demonstrating a reverse relationship. Respirable dust exposure mainly correlated with non-inflammasome related markers like CXCL8 and sST2. CONCLUSIONS The finding that NLRP3 inflammasome-related markers correlated with PM and quartz exposure suggest that this potent inflammatory cellular mechanism indeed is affected even at current exposure levels in Swedish iron foundries. The results highlight concerns regarding the safety of current exposure limits to respirable dust and quartz, and encourage continuous efforts to reduce exposure in dust and quartz exposed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hedbrant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Engström
- Division of Mathematics and Physics, The School of Education, Culture and Communication, Mälardalen University, Box 883, 721 23, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Lena Andersson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Håkan Westberg
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, 701 85, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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Wang Y, Du Z, Zhang Y, Chen S, Lin S, Hopke PK, Rich DQ, Zhang K, Romeiko XX, Deng X, Qu Y, Liu Y, Lin Z, Zhu S, Zhang W, Hao Y. Long-term exposure to particulate matter and COPD mortality: Insights from causal inference methods based on a large population cohort in southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160808. [PMID: 36502970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality from large population-based cohort study is limited and often suffers from residual confounding issues with traditional statistical methods. We hereby assessed the casual relationship between long-term PM (PM2.5, PM10 and PM10-2.5) exposure and COPD mortality in a large cohort of Chinese adults using state-of-the-art causal inference approaches. METHODS A total of 580,757 participants in southern China were enrolled in a prospective cohort study from 2009 to 2015 and followed up until December 2020. Exposures to PM at each residential address were obtained from the Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutant Concentration dataset. Marginal structural Cox models were used to investigate the association between COPD mortality and annual average exposure levels of PM exposure. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 8.0 years, 2250 COPD-related deaths occurred. Under a set of causal inference assumptions, the hazard ratio (HR) for COPD mortality was estimated to be 1.046 (95 % confidence interval: 1.034-1057), 1.037 (1.028-1.047), and 1.032 (1.006-1.058) for each 1-μg/m3 increase in annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 respectively. Additionally, the detrimental effects appeared to be more pronounced among the elderly (age ≥ 65) and inactive participants. The effect estimates of PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 tend to be greater among participants who were generally exposed to PM10 concentrations below 70 μg/m3 than that among the general population. CONCLUSION Our results support causal links between long-term PM exposure and COPD mortality, highlighting the urgency for more effective strategies to reduce PM exposure, with particular attention on protecting potentially vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, the State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, the State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo X Romeiko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, the State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Xinlei Deng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, the State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Shuming Zhu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Peking, China.
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Tsai SS, Hsu CT, Yang C. Risk of death from liver cancer in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:135-143. [PMID: 36752360 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2168225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is categorized as a Group I carcinogen, was found to lead to predominantly lung as well as other cancer types in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is endemic in Taiwan where it is the second and fourth foremost cause of cancer deaths in men and women, respectively. Taiwan's mortality rates for liver cancer vary considerably from one region to another, suggesting that the environment may exert some influence on deaths attributed to liver cancer. The aim of this investigation was to perform an ecologic study to examine the possible link between ambient PM2.5 levels and risk of liver cancer in 66 in Taiwan municipalities. To undertake this investigation, annual PM2.5 levels and age-standardized liver cancer mortality rates were calculated for male and female residents of these areas from 2010 to 2019. Data were tested using weighted-multiple regression analyses to compute adjusted risk ratio (RR) controlling for urbanization level and physician density. Annual PM2.5 levels of each municipality were divided into tertiles. The adjusted RRs for males residing in those areas with intermediate tertile levels (21.85 to 28.21 ug/m3) and the highest tertiles levels (28.22-31.23 ug/m3) of PM2.5 were 1.29 (95% CI = 1.25-1.46) and 1.41 (95% CI = 1.36-1.46), respectively. Women in these locations shared a similar risk, 1.32 (1.25-1.4) and 1.41 (1.34-1.49), respectively. Evidence indicated that PM2.5 increased risk of mortality rates attributed to liver cancer in both men and women in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shyue Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - ChunYuh Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
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185
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Yu W, Ye T, Zhang Y, Xu R, Lei Y, Chen Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Song J, Yue X, Li S, Guo Y. Global estimates of daily ambient fine particulate matter concentrations and unequal spatiotemporal distribution of population exposure: a machine learning modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e209-e218. [PMID: 36889862 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient PM2·5 is a leading contributor to the global burden of diseases and mortality. However, few studies have provided the global spatiotemporal variations of daily PM2·5 concentrations over recent decades. METHODS In this modelling study, we implemented deep ensemble machine learning (DEML) to estimate global daily ambient PM2·5 concentrations at 0·1° × 0·1° spatial resolution between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2019. In the DEML framework, ground-based PM2·5 measurements from 5446 monitoring stations in 65 countries worldwide were combined with GEOS-Chem chemical transport model simulations of PM2·5 concentration, meteorological data, and geographical features. At the global and regional levels, we investigated annual population-weighted PM2·5 concentrations and annual population-weighted exposed days to PM2·5 concentrations higher than 15 μg/m3 (2021 WHO daily limit) to assess spatiotemporal exposure in 2000, 2010, and 2019. Land area and population exposures to PM2·5 above 5 μg/m3 (2021 WHO annual limit) were also assessed for the year 2019. PM2·5 concentrations for each calendar month were averaged across the 20-year period to investigate global seasonal patterns. FINDINGS Our DEML model showed good performance in capturing the global variability in ground-measured daily PM2·5, with a cross-validation R2 of 0·91 and root mean square error of 7·86 μg/m3. Globally, across 175 countries, the mean annual population-weighted PM2·5 concentration for the period 2000-19 was estimated at 32·8 μg/m3 (SD 0·6). During the two decades, population-weighted PM2·5 concentration and annual population-weighted exposed days (PM2·5 >15 μg/m3) decreased in Europe and northern America, whereas exposures increased in southern Asia, Australia and New Zealand, and Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2019, only 0·18% of the global land area and 0·001% of the global population had an annual exposure to PM2·5 at concentrations lower than 5 μg/m3, with more than 70% of days having daily PM2·5 concentrations higher than 15 μg/m3. Distinct seasonal patterns were indicated in many regions of the world. INTERPRETATION The high-resolution estimates of daily PM2·5 provide the first global view of the unequal spatiotemporal distribution of PM2·5 exposure for a recent 20-year period, which is of value for assessing short-term and long-term health effects of PM2·5, especially for areas where monitoring station data are not available. FUNDING Australian Research Council, Australian Medical Research Future Fund, and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yadong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuying Chen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Gao Y, Huang W, Yu P, Xu R, Yang Z, Gasevic D, Ye T, Guo Y, Li S. Long-term impacts of non-occupational wildfire exposure on human health: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121041. [PMID: 36639044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The intensity and frequency of wildfires is increasing globally. The systematic review of the current evidence on long-term impacts of non-occupational wildfire exposure on human health has not been performed yet. To provide a systematic review and identify potential knowledge gaps in the current evidence of long-term impacts of non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and/or wildfire impacts on human health. We conducted a systematic search of the literature via MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus from the database inception to July 05, 2022. References from the included studies and relevant reviews were also considered. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and a validated quality assessment framework were used to evaluate the quality of observational studies. Study results were synthesized descriptively. A total of 36 studies were included in our systematic review. Most studies were from developed countries (11 in Australia, 9 in Canada, 7 in the United States). Studies predominantly focused on mental health (21 studies, 58.33%), while evidence on long-term impacts of wildfire exposure on health outcomes other than mental health is limited. Current evidence indicated that long-term impacts of non-occupational wildfire exposure were associated with mortality (COVID-19 mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and acute myocardial disease mortality), morbidity (mainly respiratory diseases), mental health disorders (mainly posttraumatic stress disorder), shorter height of children, reduced lung function and poorer general health status. However, no significant associations were observed for long-term impacts of wildfire exposure on child mortality and respiratory hospitalizations. The population-based high-quality evidence with quantitative analysis on this topic is still limited. Future well-designed studies considering extensive wildfire smoke air pollutants (e.g., particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides) and estimating risk coefficient values for extensive health outcomes (e.g., mortality, morbidity) are warranted to fill current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tingting Ye
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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187
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Che W, Zhang Y, Lin C, Fung YH, Fung JCH, Lau AKH. Impacts of pollution heterogeneity on population exposure in dense urban areas using ultra-fine resolution air quality data. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 125:513-523. [PMID: 36375934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional air quality data have a spatial resolution of 1 km or above, making it challenging to resolve detailed air pollution exposure in complex urban areas. Combining urban morphology, dynamic traffic emission, regional and local meteorology, physicochemical transformations in air quality models using big data fusion technology, an ultra-fine resolution modeling system was developed to provide air quality data down to street level. Based on one-year ultra-fine resolution data, this study investigated the effects of pollution heterogeneity on the individual and population exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) in Hong Kong, one of the most densely populated and urbanized cities. Sharp fine-scale variabilities in air pollution were revealed within individual city blocks. Using traditional 1 km average to represent individual exposure resulted in a positively skewed deviation of up to 200% for high-end exposure individuals. Citizens were disproportionally affected by air pollution, with annual pollutant concentrations varied by factors of 2 to 5 among 452 District Council Constituency Areas (DCCAs) in Hong Kong, indicating great environmental inequities among the population. Unfavorable city planning resulted in a positive spatial coincidence between pollution and population, which increased public exposure to air pollutants by as large as 46% among districts in Hong Kong. Our results highlight the importance of ultra-fine pollutant data in quantifying the heterogeneity in pollution exposure in the dense urban area and the critical role of smart urban planning in reducing exposure inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Che
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changqing Lin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yik Him Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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188
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Soesanti F, Uiterwaal CSPM, Meliefste K, Chen J, Brunekreef B, Idris NS, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Hoek G. The effect of exposure to traffic related air pollutants in pregnancy on birth anthropometry: a cohort study in a heavily polluted low-middle income country. Environ Health 2023; 22:22. [PMID: 36843017 PMCID: PMC9969650 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been recognized as one of the most important environmental health threats. Exposure in early life may affect pregnancy outcomes and the health of the offspring. The main objective of our study was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants during pregnancy on birth weight and length. Second, to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to traffic related air pollutants and the risk of low birth weight (LBW). METHODS Three hundred forty mother-infant pairs were included in this prospective cohort study performed in Jakarta, March 2016-September 2020. Exposure to outdoor PM2.5, soot, NOx, and NO2 was assessed by land use regression (LUR) models at individual level. Multiple linear regression models were built to evaluate the association between air pollutants with birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL). Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of low birth weight (LBW) associated with all air pollutants. RESULTS The average PM2.5 concentration was almost eight times higher than the current WHO guideline and the NO2 level was three times higher. Soot and NOx were significantly associated with reduced birth length. Birth length was reduced by - 3.83 mm (95% CI -6.91; - 0.75) for every IQR (0.74 × 10- 5 per m) increase of soot, and reduced by - 2.82 mm (95% CI -5.33;-0.30) for every IQR (4.68 μg/m3) increase of NOx. Outdoor air pollutants were not significantly associated with reduced birth weight nor the risk of LBW. CONCLUSION Exposure to soot and NOx during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth length. Associations between exposure to all air pollutants with birth weight and the risk of LBW were less convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Soesanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Chen
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikmah S Idris
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Environmental and Occupational Health Group Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Liu Y, Yuan Q, Zhang X, Chen Z, Jia X, Wang M, Xu T, Wang Z, Jiang J, Ma Q, Zhang M, Huang M, Ji N. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces inhibitory memory alveolar macrophages through the AhR/IL-33 pathway. Cell Immunol 2023; 386:104694. [PMID: 36871457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations have decreased in the past decade. The adverse effects of acute PM2.5 exposure on respiratory diseases have been well recognized. To explore the long-term effects of PM2.5 exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mice were exposed to PM2.5 for 7 days and rest for 21 days, followed by challenges with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Unexpectedly, PM2.5 exposure and rest alleviated the disease severity and airway inflammatory responses in COPD-like mice. Although acute PM2.5 exposure increased airway inflammation, rest for 21 days reversed the airway inflammatory responses, which was associated with the induction of inhibitory memory alveolar macrophages (AMs). Similarly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 exposure and rest decreased pulmonary inflammation, accompanied by inhibitory memory AMs. Once AMs were depleted, pulmonary inflammation was aggravated. PAHs in PM2.5 promoted the secretion of IL-33 from airway epithelial cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/ARNT pathway. High-throughput mRNA sequencing revealed that PM2.5 exposure and rest drastically changed the mRNA profiles in AMs, which was largely rescued in IL-33-/- mice. Collectively, our results indicate that PM2.5 may mitigate pulmonary inflammation, which is mediated by inhibitory trained AMs via IL-33 production from epithelial cells through the AhR/ARNT pathway. We provide the rationale that PM2.5 plays complicated roles in respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Disease: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054345. [PMID: 36901776 PMCID: PMC10001616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their damaging effects are the promotion of oxidative stress, the induction of an inflammatory response, and the deregulation of the immune system by reducing its ability to limit infectious agents' spreading. This influence starts in the prenatal age and continues during childhood, the most susceptible period of life, due to a lower efficiency of oxidative damage detoxification, a higher metabolic and breathing rate, and enhanced oxygen consumption per unit of body mass. Air pollution is involved in acute disorders like asthma exacerbations and upper and lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis, tuberculosis, and pneumoniae. Pollutants can also contribute to the onset of chronic asthma, and they can lead to a deficit in lung function and growth, long-term respiratory damage, and eventually chronic respiratory illness. Air pollution abatement policies, applied in the last decades, are contributing to mitigating air quality issues, but more efforts should be encouraged to improve acute childhood respiratory disease with possible positive long-term effects on lung function. This narrative review aims to summarize the most recent studies on the links between air pollution and childhood respiratory illness.
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191
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Saleh S, Sambakunsi H, Makina D, Chinouya M, Kumwenda M, Chirombo J, Semple S, Mortimer K, Rylance J. Personal exposures to fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide in relation to cooking activities in rural Malawi. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:251. [PMID: 36874568 PMCID: PMC9975423 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18050.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor for cardiorespiratory disease. Exposures to household air pollution from cooking and other activities, are particularly high in Southern Africa. Following an extended period of participant observation in a village in Malawi, we aimed to assess individuals' exposures to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) and to investigate the different sources of exposure, including different cooking methods. Methods: Adult residents of a village in Malawi wore personal PM 2.5 and CO monitors for 24-48 hours, sampling every 1 (CO) or 2 minutes (PM 2.5). Subsequent in-person interviews recorded potential exposure details over the time periods. We present means and interquartile ranges for overall exposures and summaries stratified by time and activity (exposure). We employed multivariate regression to further explore these characteristics, and Spearman rank correlation to examine the relationship between paired PM 2.5 and CO exposures. Results : Twenty participants (17 female; median age 40 years, IQR: 37-56) provided 831 hours of paired PM 2.5 and CO data. Concentrations of PM 2.5 during combustion activity, usually cooking, far exceeded background levels (no combustion activity): 97.9μg/m 3 (IQR: 22.9-482.0), vs 7.6μg/m 3, IQR: 2.5-20.6 respectively. Background PM 2.5 concentrations were higher during daytime hours (11.7μg/m 3 [IQR: 5.2-30.0] vs 3.3μg/m 3 at night [IQR: 0.7-8.2]). Highest exposures were influenced by cooking location but associated with charcoal use (for CO) and firewood on a three-stone fire (for PM 2.5). Cooking-related exposures were higher in more ventilated places, such as outside the household or on a walled veranda, than during indoor cooking. Conclusions : The study demonstrates the value of combining personal PM 2.5 exposure data with detailed contextual information for providing deeper insights into pollution sources and influences. The finding of similar/lower exposures during cooking in seemingly less-ventilated places should prompt a re-evaluation of proposed clean air interventions in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepeedeh Saleh
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LIVERPOOL, L3 5QA, UK
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, P.O. Box 30096, Malawi
| | - Henry Sambakunsi
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, P.O. Box 30096, Malawi
| | - Debora Makina
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, P.O. Box 30096, Malawi
| | - Martha Chinouya
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LIVERPOOL, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Moses Kumwenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, P.O. Box 30096, Malawi
| | - James Chirombo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, P.O. Box 30096, Malawi
| | - Sean Semple
- University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LIVERPOOL, L3 5QA, UK
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, P.O. Box 30096, Malawi
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192
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Arregocés HA, Rojano R, Restrepo G. Health risk assessment for particulate matter: application of AirQ+ model in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:897-912. [PMID: 36819789 PMCID: PMC9930048 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is considered the world's most important environmental and public health risk. The annual exposure for particulate matter (PM) in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia between 2011 and 2019 was determined using PM records from 25 monitoring stations located within the area. The impact of exposure to particulate matter was assessed through the updated Global Burden of Disease health risk functions using the AirQ+ model for mortality attributable to acute lower respiratory disease (in children ≤ 4 years); mortality in adults aged > 18 years old attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke; and all-cause post-neonatal infant mortality. The proportions of the prevalence of bronchitis in children and the incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults attributable to PM exposure were also estimated for the population at risk. Weather Research and Forecasting-California PUFF (WRF-CALPUFF) modeling systems were used to estimate the spatiotemporal trends and calculate mortality relative risk due to prolonged PM2.5 exposure. Proportions of mortality attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 were estimated to be around 11.6% of ALRI deaths in children ≤ 4 years of age, 16.1% for COPD, and 26.6% for IHD in adults. For LC and stroke, annual proportions attributable to PM exposure were estimated to be 9.1% and 18.9%, respectively. An estimated 738 deaths per year are directly attributed to particulate matter pollution. The highest number of deaths per year is recorded in the adult population over 18 years old with a mean of 401 events. The mean risk in terms of the prevalence of bronchitis attributable to air pollution in children was determined to be 109 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The maximum RR values for mortality (up 1.95%) from long-term PM2.5 exposure were predicted to correspond to regions downwind to the industrial zone. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11869-023-01304-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli A. Arregocés
- Grupo de Investigación GISA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia
- Grupo Procesos Fisicoquímicos Aplicados, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia SIU/UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Roberto Rojano
- Grupo de Investigación GISA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha, Colombia
| | - Gloria Restrepo
- Grupo Procesos Fisicoquímicos Aplicados, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia SIU/UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, Medellín, Colombia
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193
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Weichenthal S, Ripley S, Korsiak J. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the "No-Multiple-Versions-of-Treatment" Assumption: Does Particle Composition Matter for Causal Inference? Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:147-153. [PMID: 36331277 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we discuss possible violations of the "no-multiple-versions-of-treatment" assumption in studies of outdoor fine particulate air pollution (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)) owing to differences in particle composition, which in turn influence health. This assumption is part of the potential outcomes framework for causal inference, and it is needed for well-defined potential outcomes, as multiple versions of the same treatment could lead to different health risks for the same level of treatment. Since 2 locations can have the same outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration (i.e., treatment) but different chemical compositions (i.e., versions of treatment), violations of the "no-multiple-versions-of-treatment" assumption seem likely. Importantly, violations of this assumption will not bias health risk estimates for PM2.5 mass concentrations if there are no unmeasured confounders of the "version of treatment"-outcome relationship. However, confounding can occur if these factors are not identified and controlled for in the analysis. We describe situations in which this may occur and provide simulations to estimate the magnitude and direction of this possible bias. In general, violations of the "no-multiple-versions-of-treatment" assumption could be an underappreciated source of bias in studies of outdoor PM2.5. Analysis of the health impacts of outdoor PM2.5 mass concentrations across spatial domains with similar composition could help to address this issue.
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Li P, Wu J, Wang R, Liu H, Zhu T, Xue T. Source sectors underlying PM 2.5-related deaths among children under 5 years of age in 17 low- and middle-income countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107756. [PMID: 36669285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from different source sectors might differ in toxicity. However, data from large-scale studies on vulnerable children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are insufficient. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of under-five death (U5D) with long-term exposure to PM2.5 from different sources. METHOD We evaluated demographic and health survey data for 79,995 babies born in 2017 in 16 Asian and African LMICs (AA-LMICs) and a Latin America low-income country (i.e., Haiti). Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was assessed by a well-established product that attributed the annual concentration to 20 source sectors in 2017. The associations of survival during < 5-year periods with each source-specific concentration of PM2.5 were analyzed by Cox regression with multiple adjustments. We derived a multiple-pollutant ridge regression model to estimate the joint exposure-response function (JERF) between U5D and PM2.5 mixtures. To evaluate how sources affected PM2.5 toxicity, we evaluated the number of U5Ds attributable to PM2.5 based on the source profiles for 88 AA-LMICs. RESULTS According to the single-pollutant model, the risk of U5D increased by 7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5%, 9%) for each 10 μg/m3 increment in total PM2.5 concentration. The model performance was lower than that of the multiple-pollutant ridge regression model. For each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, the excess risk of U5D ranged from 6% (95% CI: 4%, 9%) in Nepal to 10% (95% CI: 6%, 14%) in Mauritania. Based on the JERF, PM2.5 contributed to 817,647 (95% CI: 585,729, 1,050,439), i.e., 28.0% (95% CI: 20.1%, 35.8%), of all U5Ds across the 88 AA-LMICs. The PM2.5-related U5Ds were mostly attributable to PM2.5 produced by desert dust, followed by solid biofuel combustion and open fires. CONCLUSION The average toxicity of PM2.5 varied by source profile, which should be taken into consideration when planning public health interventions. For some AA LMICs, natural sources of PM2.5 had the most significant health effects, and should not be ignored to ensure the protection of child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China; Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou 311215, China; National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou 311215, China.
| | - Ruohan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hengyi Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100086, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Environment and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Park JE, Lee JY, Chae J, Min CH, Shin HS, Lee SY, Lee JY, Park JH, Jeon J. In vivo tracking of toxic diesel particulate matter in mice using radiolabeling and nuclear imaging. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137395. [PMID: 36574577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) is associated with several adverse health effects, including severe respiratory diseases. Quantitative analysis of DPM in vivo can provide important information on the behavior of harmful chemicals, as well as their toxicological impacts in living subjects. This study presents whole-body images and tissue distributions of DPM in animal models, using molecular imaging and radiolabeling techniques. The self-assembly of the 89Zr-labeled pyrene analog with a suspension of DPM efficiently produced 89Zr-incorporated DPM (89Zr-DPM). Positron emission tomography images were obtained for mice exposed to 89Zr-DPM via three administration routes: intratracheal, oral, and intravenous injection. DPM was largely distributed in the lungs and only slowly cleared after 7 days in mice exposed via the intratracheal route. In addition, a portion of 89Zr-DPM was translocated to other organs, such as the heart, spleen, and liver. Uptake values in these organs were also noticeable following exposure via the intravenous route. In contrast, most of the orally administered DPM was excreted quickly within a day. These results suggest that continuous inhalation exposure to DPM causes serious lung damage and may cause toxic effects in the extrapulmonary organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Chae
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Food Biotechnology Program, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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196
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Putus T, Suominen E, Atosuo J, Vilén L. Occupational Risk Factors for Hoarseness Among Police Officers in Finland. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00008-5. [PMID: 36717312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Police officers have many work-related risks. In Finland, hoarseness and other respiratory symptoms and related risk factors have not been investigated on a national level. In many of the work tasks carried out by the police, an excellent physical and mental condition is essential. METHOD Our aim was to determine the prevalence of hoarseness and related respiratory symptoms and to investigate eventual occupational risk factors associated with hoarseness. We also compared different work tasks and remediation procedures in three police stations with indoor air problems. MATERIAL In all, 767 persons completed a nation-wide e-mail survey. The study population is approximately 11% of the total police force in Finland. Half of the study population were men. In three cities, we evaluated the outcome of different type of remediation methods after the moisture damaged buildings were renovated. The prevalence of hoarseness was compared in different work tasks and the risk associated with indoor air, work-related stress, and background factors were estimated. Information on the remediation was obtained from the employer. RESULTS Altogether, 30.5% of the respondents had hoarseness and 15.5% had work-related stress. Almost 9% were smokers and 43% had pets at home. Of all the respondents, 13% had asthma. Hoarseness was not related to work-related stress. The strongest risk factors for hoarseness were asthma and exposure to mold odor, dusts and cold temperatures after adjusting for age, gender, smoking and pet-owning. When three renovation techniques were compared, the best results were found in the building with a thorough remediation and the removal of mold from the building. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the exposure to irritant gases, fumes, and bioaerosols should be minimized whenever possible in order to avoid incident asthma and voice problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Putus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Clinical Research Unit TROSSI, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Eetu Suominen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Clinical Research Unit TROSSI, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biotechnology, The Laboratory of Immunochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Atosuo
- Clinical Research Unit TROSSI, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biotechnology, The Laboratory of Immunochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Vilén
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Clinical Research Unit TROSSI, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Hedström AK, Segersson D, Hillert J, Stridh P, Kockum I, Olsson T, Bellander T, Alfredsson L. Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk. Int J Epidemiol 2023:6984751. [PMID: 36629499 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and occupational pulmonary irritants contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) development. We aimed to study the association between ambient air pollution and MS risk and potential interaction with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15:01 allele. METHODS Exposure to combustion-related air pollution was estimated as outdoor levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the participants' residence locations, by spatially resolved dispersion modelling for the years 1990-18. Using two population-based case-control studies (6635 cases, 8880 controls), NOx levels were associated with MS risk by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression models. Interaction between high NOx levels and the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele regarding MS risk was calculated by the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). In addition, a register study was performed comprising all MS cases in Sweden who had received their diagnosis between 1993 and 2018 (n = 22 173), with 10 controls per case randomly selected from the National Population register. RESULTS Residential air pollution was associated with MS risk. NOx levels (3-year average) exceeding the 90th percentile (24.6 µg/m3) were associated with an OR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.10-1.76) compared with levels below the 25th percentile (5.9 µg/m3), with a trend of increasing risk of MS with increasing levels of NOx (P <0.0001). A synergistic effect was observed between high NOx levels (exceeding the lower quartile among controls) and the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele regarding MS risk (AP 0.26, 95% CI 0.13-0.29). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that moderate levels of combustion-related ambient air pollution may play a role in MS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Segersson
- Air Quality Research Unit, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden.,Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhao Z, Chu J, Xu X, Cao Y, Schikowski T, Geng M, Chen G, Bai G, Hu K, Xia J, Ma W, Liu Q, Lu Z, Guo X, Zhao Q. Association between ambient cold exposure and mortality risk in Shandong Province, China: Modification effect of particulate matter size. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1093588. [PMID: 36684922 PMCID: PMC9850236 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1093588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have reported the modification of particulate matters (PMs) on the association between cold temperature and health. However, it remains uncertain whether the modification effect may vary by size of PMs, especially in Shandong Province, China where the disease burdens associated with cold temperature and PMs are both substantial. This study aimed to examine various interactive effects of cold exposure and ambient PMs with diameters ≤1/2.5 μm (PM1 and PM2.5) on premature deaths in Shandong Province, China. Methods In the 2013-2018 cold seasons, data on daily mortality, PM1 and PM2.5, and weather conditions were collected from the 1822 sub-districts of Shandong Province. A time-stratified case-crossover study design was performed to quantify the cumulative association between ambient cold and mortality over lag 0-12 days, with a linear interactive term between temperature and PM1 and PM2.5 additionally added into the model. Results The mortality risk increased with temperature decline, with the cumulative OR of extreme cold (-16.9°C, the 1st percentile of temperature range) being 1.83 (95% CI: 1.66, 2.02), compared with the minimum mortality temperature. The cold-related mortality risk was 2.20 (95%CI: 1.83, 2.64) and 2.24 (95%CI: 1.78, 2.81) on high PM1 and PM2.5 days, which dropped to 1.60 (95%CI: 1.39, 1.84) and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.88) on low PM1 and PM2.5 days. PM1 showed greater modification effect for per unit concentration increase than PM2.5. For example, for each 10?g/m3 increase in PM1 and PM2.5, the mortality risk associated with extreme cold temperature increased by 7.6% (95% CI: 1.3%, 14.2%) and 2.6% (95% CI: -0.7%, 5.9%), respectively. Discussion The increment of smaller PMs' modification effect varied by population subgroups, which was particularly strong in the elderly aged over 75 years and individuals with middle school education and below. Specific health promotion strategies should be developed towards the greater modification effect of smaller PMs on cold effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mengjie Geng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- Department of Child Health Care, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China,Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Xiaolei Guo ✉
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Jinan, China,Department of Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF)-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Qi Zhao ✉
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199
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Wang W, Zhou N, Yu H, Yang H, Zhou J, Hong X. Time Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Attributable to PM 2.5 Exposure in Southeastern China from 1990 to 2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:973. [PMID: 36673728 PMCID: PMC9859070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure is a major environmental risk factor for the mortality of ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study aimed to analyze trends in IHD mortality attributable to PM2.5 exposure in Jiangsu Province, China, from 1990 to 2019, and their correlation with age, period, and birth cohort. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 (GBD2019). The magnitude and direction of the trends in IHD mortality attributable to PM2.5 exposure were analyzed by Joinpoint regression. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the cohort and period effect. RESULTS Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of IHD attributable to PM2.5 exposure decreased from 1990 to 2019, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.71% (95%CI: -2.02~-1.40), which, due to ambient PM2.5 (APM) exposure and household PM2.5 (HPM) exposure increased with AAPCs of 1.45% (95%CI: 1.18~1.72) and -8.27% (95%CI: -8.84~-7.69), respectively. APC analysis revealed an exponential distribution in age effects on IHD mortality attributable to APM exposure, which rapidly increased in the elderly. The risk for IHD mortality due to HPM exposure showed a decline in the period and cohort effects, which, due to APM, increased in the period and cohort effects. However, favorable period effects were found in the recent decade. The overall net drift values for APM were above zero, and were below zero for HPM. The values for local drift with age both for APM and HPM exposures were initially reduced and then enhanced. CONCLUSION The main environmental risk factor for IHD mortality changed from HPM to APM exposure in Jiangsu Province, China. Corresponding health strategies and prevention management should be adopted to reduce ambient air pollution and decrease the effects of APM exposure on IHD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Zizhulin Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Zizhulin Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210003, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huafeng Yang
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Zizhulin Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Zizhulin Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210003, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, China
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200
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Font-Ribera L, Rico M, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Oliveras L, Trapero-Bertran M, Pérez G, Valero N, Bartoll X, Realp E, Gómez-Gutiérrez A. Estimating ambient air pollution mortality and disease burden and its economic cost in Barcelona. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114485. [PMID: 36206924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new WHO air quality guidelines indicate that the air pollution disease burden is greater than previously reported. We aimed to estimate the air pollution disease burden and its economic cost in Barcelona to inform local action. METHODS We used a quantitative health impact assessment to estimate the non-accidental mortality and incidence of childhood asthma and lung cancer attributable to long-term air pollution exposure in the city of Barcelona (Spain) in 2018-2019. We used the population weighted mean of PM2.5 and NO2 assigned at the geocoded address during the study period and the 2021 WHO air quality guidelines as counterfactual scenario to estimate new annual cases attributable to each pollutant separately and combined. We estimated the social cost of attributable deaths and the health care cost of childhood asthma and lung cancer attributable cases. We also estimated attributable mortality by city district and the mortality avoidable by achieving the WHO air quality interim targets. RESULTS Mean exposure was 17 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 39 μg/m3 for NO2. Total combined air pollution attributable mortality was 13% (95%CI = 9%-17%), corresponding to 1,886 deaths (95%CI = 1,296-2,571) and a social cost of €1,292 million (95%CI = 888-1,762) annually. Fifty-one percent (95%CI = 21%-71%) and 17% (95%CI = 7%-29%) of new cases of childhood asthma and lung cancer were attributable to air pollution with a health care cost of €4.3 and €2.7 million, respectively. Achieving the first unmet WHO air quality interim targets for PM2.5 and for NO2 would avoid 410 deaths and €281 million annually. CONCLUSION Air pollution in Barcelona represents a huge disease and economic burden, which is greater than previous estimates. Much stronger measures to reduce PM2.5 and NO2 levels are urgently needed. Until the WHO air quality guidelines are met in the city, achieving each WHO air quality interim targets would avoid hundreds of deaths each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Font-Ribera
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain.
| | - Marc Rico
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Laura Oliveras
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain
| | - Marta Trapero-Bertran
- Basic Sciences Department. University Institute for Patient Care. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Spain
| | - Glòria Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain
| | | | - Xavier Bartoll
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain
| | | | - Anna Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Spain; Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Spain
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