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A trans-diagnostic cognitive behavioural conceptualisation of the positive and negative roles of social media use in adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x22000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Whilst research into the association between social media and mental health is growing, clinical interest in the field has been dominated by a lack of theoretical integration and a focus on pathological patterns of use. Here we present a trans-diagnostic cognitive behavioural conceptualisation of the positive and negative roles of social media use in adolescence, with a focus on how it interacts with common mental health difficulties. Drawing on clinical experience and an integration of relevant theory/literature, the model proposes that particular patterns of social media use be judged as helpful/unhelpful to the extent that they help/hinder the adolescent from satisfying core needs, particularly those relating to acceptance and belonging. Furthermore, it introduces several key interacting processes, including purposeful/habitual modes of engagement, approach/avoidance behaviours, as well as the potential for social media to exacerbate/ameliorate cognitive biases. The purpose of the model is to act as an aide for therapists to collaboratively formulate the role of social media in young people’s lives, with a view to informing treatment, and ultimately, supporting the development of interventions to help young people use social media in the service of their needs and values.
Key learning aims
(1)
To gain an understanding of a trans-diagnostic conceptualisation of social media use and its interaction with common mental health difficulties in adolescence.
(2)
To gain an understanding of relevant research and theory underpinning the conceptualisation.
(3)
To gain an understanding of core processes and dimensions of social media use, and their interaction with common mental health difficulties in this age group, for the purpose of assessment and formulation.
(4)
To stimulate ideas about how to include adolescent service users’ online world(s) in treatment (where indicated), both with respect to potential risks to ameliorate and benefits to capitalise upon.
(5)
To stimulate and provide a framework for clinically relevant research in the field and the development of interventions to support young people to flourish online.
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152
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Balan R, Dobrean A, Balazsi R, Parada RH, Predescu E. The Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument- Bully/Target: Measurement Invariance Across Gender, Age, and Clinical Status. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:1484-1513. [PMID: 32475204 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520922350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument-Bully/Target (APRI-BT) is a multidimensional scale designed to assess bullying involvement both as target and perpetrator. Although existing research has shown that the APRI-BT satisfies the assumption of measurement invariance across age and gender, these findings come from western individualistic countries (e.g., Australia). This study aimed to investigate the factorial structure and measurement invariance across age, gender, and clinical status in a sample of Romanian youths. Participants were 1,024 adolescents, 10 to 18 years, recruited from both community and clinical setting. Our results confirmed a six first-order factor structure and two second-order factors (Bully including Bullying Physical, Bullying Verbal, Bullying Social and Victimization including Physical Victimization, Verbal Victimization, Social Victimization). In addition, measurement invariance across age, gender, and clinical status was demonstrated. This study identifies APRI-BT as an instrument with solid psychometric proprieties for measuring bullying and victimization among preadolescents and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto H Parada
- Western Sydney University, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elena Predescu
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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153
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The dark triad and bullying in adolescence: A three-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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154
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Zhou Y, Zheng H, Liang Y, Wang J, Han R, Liu Z. Joint Developmental Trajectories of Bullying and Victimization from Childhood to Adolescence: A Parallel-Process Latent Class Growth Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1759-NP1783. [PMID: 32552179 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520933054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that bullying and victimization can be experienced simultaneously by an individual and can change over time. Understanding the joint longitudinal development of the two is of great significance. We conducted a 4-year longitudinal study to examine the joint developmental trajectories of bullying and victimization, gender and grade differences in trajectory group membership, and changes in specific forms of bullying and victimization (verbal, relational, and physical bullying /victimization) in each trajectory group. A total of 775 children from China participated in our study. The average age of participants at the first wave was 10.90 years (SD = 1.12), and boys accounted for 69.5% of the sample. Based on mean scores, four distinct joint developmental trajectories of bullying and victimization were found: the involvement group (both bullying and victimization increased from low to high over time, accounting for 7.6% of the total), the desisted group (both bullying and victimization decreased from high to low over time, 6.1%), the victimization group (victimization remained at a high level, whereas bullying remained at a low level for 3 years, 13.2%), and the noninvolved group (bullying and victimization remained at a stable low level, 73.1%). Boys were more likely than girls to belong to the involvement group, desisted group, and victimization group, whereas girls were more likely than boys to belong to the noninvolved group. There was no significant grade difference in the trajectory group. All forms of bullying/victimization were consistent with the overall trend and showed similar levels. These results have important implications for the prevention of and interventions for school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhou Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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155
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Donnelly KA, Rucker A, Boyle MD, Fornari MJ, Badolato GM, Goyal MK. Experiencing Bullying Is Associated With Firearm Access, Weapon Carriage, Depression, Marijuana Use, and Justice Involvement in Adolescents. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e918-e923. [PMID: 34116552 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess whether bullying experience among youths is associated with firearm access and to evaluate assault perpetration risk factors between bullied and nonbullied adolescents. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey designed to measure self-reported social determinants of health and behavioral health risks among adolescents (13-21 years) in a pediatric emergency department between July 2017 and August 2019. Participants were included in this subanalysis if they responded to a survey item that assessed bullying. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the association of firearm access, weapon carriage, and assault perpetration factors (violence, mental health, substance abuse, and justice involvement) with bullying after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance status. RESULTS Of the 369 participants meeting inclusion criteria, 147 adolescents (40.5%) reported experiencing bullying. Bullied teenagers had higher odds of a gun in the home (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-7.8]), weapon carriage (aOR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.6-18.8), witnessing an assault (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6), negative experience with law enforcement (aOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.2-9.2), mental health diagnosis (aOR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7), and marijuana use (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-7.0]). CONCLUSIONS More than 1 in 3 adolescents presenting to the emergency department report having ever experienced bullying. Bullied teenagers have a higher likelihood of firearm access, weapon carriage, and violent injury perpetration risk factors compared with nonbullied youths. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between bullying and assault perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Donnelly
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
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156
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Fagan AA. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Exposure to Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:1708-1731. [PMID: 32508235 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520926310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are relatively common and can lead to harmful outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. The current study investigates the relationship between ACEs and exposure to violence in adolescence, an important area of research given the high rates of victimization in adolescence and the need for evidence-based strategies to prevent and reduce the negative consequences of victimization. The study also examines sex differences in the effects of ACEs, given that some research finds that the prevalence and impact of ACEs vary for females and males. Research questions were analyzed using prospective data from 766 to 773 high-risk youth and caregivers participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). A total of 10 ACEs were assessed, including five types of child maltreatment measured using official data from child protective services agencies and five types of household dysfunction reported primarily by caregivers. Exposure to three types of violence (verbal intimidation, physical victimization, and witnessing violence) were measured using youth self-reports. Logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between the number of ACEs experienced before age 12 and the likelihood of violence exposure from ages 15 to 18. Youth experiencing more ACEs had a significantly greater likelihood of physical victimization (with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.15), but not intimidation (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.10) or witnessing violence (AOR = 1.11). Sex did not significantly moderate these relationships, but in sex-specific analyses, ACEs significantly increased intimidation and victimization for girls and witnessing violence for boys. Although the findings showed inconsistent evidence of a relationship between ACEs and exposure to violence, they support the need for interventions to reduce ACEs and their impact on exposure to violence during adolescence.
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157
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Bardach L, Yanagida T, Gradinger P, Strohmeier D. Understanding for Which Students and Classes a Socio-Ecological Aggression Prevention Program Works Best: Testing Individual Student and Class Level Moderators. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:225-243. [PMID: 34921654 PMCID: PMC8828596 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
School-based aggression prevention programs may not be equally effective for all students and classes, depending on student and class characteristics. This study investigated moderators of a cluster randomized controlled socio-ecological aggression prevention program's effectiveness (change from pretest to posttest, sample: 2,042 preadolescents, mean age = 11.7 years, SD = 0.09, 47.6% girls) and sustainability (change from posttest to follow-up test, sample: 659 preadolescents, mean age = 12.7 years, SD = 0.08, 47.9% girls). The program worked better in multicultural classes, as greater ethnic diversity strengthened the program's effectiveness and sustainability. Moderating effects of a positive social class climate and higher baseline levels of aggressive behavior and victimization were also found. These results advance socio-ecological theorizing and can help develop more contextualized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bardach
- University of Tübingen, Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, Walter-Simon-Straße 12, 72072, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Universitätsstraße 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Gradinger
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Strohmeier
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
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158
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Aunampai A, Widyastari DA, Chuanwan S, Katewongsa P. Association of bullying on happiness at school: evidence from Thailand’s national school-based survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.2025117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aubdul Aunampai
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dyah Anantalia Widyastari
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sutthida Chuanwan
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Katewongsa
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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159
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Fredrick SS, Nickerson AB, Livingston JA. Adolescent Social Media Use: Pitfalls and Promises in Relation to Cybervictimization, Friend Support, and Depressive Symptoms. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:361-376. [PMID: 35066709 PMCID: PMC10074543 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The saturation of social media use in adolescents' lives has raised questions about both the risks and positive outcomes that may be associated with use. This study filled this gap by examining longitudinal associations among active social media use and depressive symptoms for male and female adolescents and the mediating role of friend support and cybervictimization. These relations were investigated in a sample of 800 13-15-year-old (M = 14.45) adolescents (57% female, 81% White) across four waves of data over two years. The results indicated that higher levels of active social media use led to reduced depressive symptoms for female adolescents, while active social media use predicted more cybervictimization for male adolescents. In contrast, cybervictimization predicted higher levels of active social media use for female adolescents. Friend support predicted more active social media use for male and female adolescents. Overall, findings reveal a complex picture of social media use for both male and female adolescents and further research is needed which examines types of social media use and their associations with both online and offline experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Fredrick
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Amanda B Nickerson
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jennifer A Livingston
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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160
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Yu Q, Wu S, Twayigira M, Luo X, Gao X, Shen Y, Long Y, Huang C, Shen Y. Prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among Chinese college students in Changsha, China. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:62-67. [PMID: 34655699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School bullying has attracted worldwide attention for its adverse outcomes; however, there is still a lack of research among college students. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of school bullying victimization and the associated factors among Chinese college students. METHODS 8098 Chinese college students from two universities in Hunan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study, and data on participants' demographic information, bullying history, suicidal behaviors, anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) and depression (Self-reporting Depression Scale) were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of school bullying. RESULTS The prevalence of school bullying was 8.03% in our study. Gender (OR,0.792;95%CI[0.660,0.950]; p = 0.012); depression (OR,1.979; 95%CI[1.359,2.883]; p < 0.001); anxiety (OR,1.996; 95%CI[1.388, 2.869]; p < 0.001); suicidal ideation (OR,1.353;95%CI[1.087,1.684]; p = 0.007); suicide attempts (OR,1.772;95%CI[1.306,2.403]; p < 0.001); family income between 30,000 and 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.763;95% CI[0.627,0.929]; p = 0.007) and family income more than 70,000/year (yuan) (OR,0.578;95%CI[0.461,0.725]; p < 0.001) were independent correlates of school bullying. The bullying score was positively correlated with physical or mental disorder history, family history of mental disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, anxiety, depression, smoking and drinking alcohol (all p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with right-handedness, good relationship with parents and family income (all p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION School bullying is quite common among college students. In order to improve students' mental health and prevent suicide, we should pay attention to the negative effects of bullying victimization such as depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors and so on, apart from putting in place anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Mireille Twayigira
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunxiang Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Yanmei Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Autism Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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161
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Network Anonymity and Cyberbullying among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020637. [PMID: 35055462 PMCID: PMC8775673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying is an important issue which prevails among children and adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the association between network anonymity and cyberbullying behavior and examine the mediating role of network morality and the moderating role of self-control in the linkage of network anonymity and cyberbullying behavior. A total of 620 participants were recruited from three high schools in southeast China and were required to complete a questionnaire measuring network anonymity, cyberbullying behavior, network morality, and self-control. A moderated mediation model was conducted by using PROCESS Macro for SPSS 3.5. The results showed that network anonymity was negatively associated with cyberbullying behavior among Chinese adolescents. Network morality mediated the association and self-control moderated the indirect association between network anonymity and cyberbullying behavior via network morality. These findings indicate that improving the network morality and self-control of adolescents with the joint efforts of individuals, families, government, and society as a whole may be an effective intervention strategy for cyberbullying behavior under the framework of digital citizens.
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162
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Vessey JA, Difazio RL, Neil LK, Dorste A. Is There a Relationship Between Youth Bullying and Internet Addiction? An Integrative Review. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-25. [PMID: 35018144 PMCID: PMC8735727 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth bullying is a global public health problem; Internet addiction is on the rise globally among youths. Because the linkage between these behaviors has not been clearly explicated, this integrative review evaluated the relevant empirical evidence. A search of five electronic databases identified 2,761 original citations published between January 2000 and May 2019. After further abstract screening and detailed evaluation of 262 full-text articles, the final sample consisted of 14 prospective descriptive studies representing 10 countries. Review results clearly established that the relationship between bullying and Internet addiction is firmly supported; less is known as to the contribution of gender, age, and other demographic variables, their impact on health outcomes, problematic behaviors, and the role of parental mediation. Inconsistent definitions and instrumentation and lack of sophisticated study designs limited the synthesis of findings. Future research is needed to explicate these relationships, so data-driven interventions can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Vessey
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
- Medicine Patient Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rachel L. Difazio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine , Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura K. Neil
- Hematology/Oncology Nursing, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anna Dorste
- Medical Library, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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163
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Figueira MDP, Okada LM, Leite TH, Azeredo CM, Marques ES. Associação entre supervisão parental, vitimização e perpetração de bullying em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. EPIDEMIOLOGIA E SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE 2022; 31:e2021778. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-49742022000100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre características de supervisão parental e diferentes papéis de bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis, conhecimento sobre o tempo livre e verificação dos deveres de casa foram as práticas parentais avaliadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística para associação entre essas práticas e bullying (perpetração e vitimização), apresentada como razão de odds (RO) e intervalos de confianças de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 escolares, a realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis [ROvitim = 0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); ROperp = 0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)], a verificação dos deveres de casa [ROvitim = 0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ROperp= 0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] e o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o tempo livre dos escolares [ROperp = 0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] foram inversamente associadas ao bullying. Conclusão: Maior supervisão parental reduziu a chance de vitimização e perpetração do bullying entre adolescentes escolares.
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164
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Lazo-Legrand MF, Palomino-Torres R, Chacon-Torrico H, Garayar-Peceros H, Alarco JJ. Exposición a violencia en el hogar y victimización por acoso escolar en adolescentes peruanos. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00070922. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xes070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Con el objetivo de evaluar la asociación entre la exposición a la violencia en el hogar y la victimización por acoso escolar en adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 años, durante el año 2019, se realizó un estudio transversal de análisis de datos secundario de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Relaciones Sociales (ENARES) de 2019. La variable independiente fue la exposición a violencia en el hogar y la variable dependiente fue la victimización por acoso escolar, que incluyó al acoso psicológico y físico. Además, se incluyeron posibles variables de confusión. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística multinomial y se estimaron razones de riesgo relativo (RRR) con sus intervalos del 95% de confianza (IC95%). En todos los cálculos se consideró el muestreo complejo de la ENARES 2019. Se incluyeron datos de 1.569 adolescentes peruanos. El 38,1% estuvo expuesto a violencia en el hogar, mientras que el 37,9% fue víctima solo de acoso psicológico, el 3,4% solo de acoso físico y el 22,4% de ambos tipos de acoso escolar. Los adolescentes, que siempre o casi siempre estuvieron expuestos a la violencia en el hogar, tuvieron 4,8 veces la probabilidad de ser víctimas de acoso escolar (RRR = 4,80; IC95%: 2,44-9,42), ajustado por múltiples variables de confusión. En Perú, los adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 años que estuvieron expuestos a violencia en el hogar tuvieron mayor probabilidad de ser víctimas de acoso escolar. Estos resultados deben llamar la atención de los decisores en políticas públicas de protección infantil.
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165
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Cubillo A. Neurobiological correlates of the social and emotional impact of peer victimization: A review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866926. [PMID: 35978845 PMCID: PMC9376443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peer victimization is very common during late childhood and adolescence. Despite the relatively reduced number of studies, the neurobiological underpinnings of the negative impact of peer victimization experiences have received increasing attention in recent years. The present selective review summarizes the most recent available evidence and provides a general overview of the impact of peer victimization experiences on social processing and decision-making at the neurobiological level, highlighting the most pressing areas requiring further research. Three key cognitive areas show a clear negative impact of peer victimization and bullying experiences: social valuation processing, reward and reinforcement learning and self-regulation processes. Victims show enhanced activation in key regions of the limbic system including the amygdala, rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices, suggestive of enhanced sensitivity to social stimuli. They also show enhanced recruitment of lateral prefrontal regions crucially involved in cognitive and emotional regulation processes, and abnormal reward-related striatal function. The presence of psychopathology is a complex factor, increased as a consequence of peer victimization, but that also constitutes vulnerability to such experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cubillo
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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166
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Arango A, Clark M, King CA. Predicting the severity of peer victimization and bullying perpetration among youth with interpersonal problems: A 6-month prospective study. J Adolesc 2022; 94:57-68. [PMID: 35353403 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peer victimization is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes. In this prospective study of youth who self-reported interpersonal problems, we examined school connectedness, school behavioral difficulties, academic difficulties, and internalizing problems (social anxiety, self-esteem, depression) as predictors of peer victimization and bullying perpetration severity. We also examined the moderating effects of gender. METHODS Participants were 218 youth (66.5% female), ages 12-15 years (M = 13.5, SD = 1.1), who screened positive for peer victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness using self-report measures. Youth were recruited from an emergency department in the United States as part of an intervention trial. Youth identified primarily as African American (53.7%) and Caucasian (31.7%). Youth completed a 6-month follow-up assessment (75% retention). Separate Bayesian regression models were used to examine the effects of baseline school connectedness, school behavioral difficulties, academic difficulties, and internalizing problems on the severity of 6-month peer victimization and bullying perpetration. RESULTS Baseline depression was positively related to both peer victimization and bullying perpetration severity. Baseline behavioral problems were positively related to bullying perpetration severity. Interactions indicated that gender moderated the relationship between school connectedness and peer victimization. CONCLUSIONS Given the adverse outcomes linked with peer victimization and bullying perpetration, an improved understanding of factors that predict victimization and perpetration severity may be helpful in defining intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Clark
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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167
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Ng ED, Chua JYX, Shorey S. The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:132-151. [PMID: 32588769 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In consideration of the adverse societal, physical, and psychological impacts of bullying on a child's development and future, many studies have developed anti-bullying programs and educational interventions to curb bullying occurrences. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of such educational interventions at reducing the frequencies of traditional bullying or cyberbullying and cybervictimization among adolescents. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Only quantitative studies that reported the effects of educational interventions on reducing the frequencies of traditional bullying or cyberbullying victimization and perpetration were included. Seventeen studies (Ntotal = 35,694 adolescents, Rangechild age = 10-18 years) were finalized, and meta-analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Overall, the existing educational interventions had very small to small effect sizes on traditional bullying and cyberbullying perpetration (traditional: standardized mean differences [SMD] = -.30 and cyber: SMD = -.16) and victimization (traditional: SMD = -18 and cyber: SMD = -.13) among adolescents. Type of intervention (i.e., whole school-based or classroom-based), program duration, and presence of parental involvement did not moderate program effectiveness, but cyberbullying programs were more effective when delivered by technology-savvy content experts compared to teachers. Since existing educational interventions were marginally effective in reducing bullying frequencies, further research is needed to identify key moderators that enhance educational programs or develop alternative forms of anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Debby Ng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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168
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Bullying-Related Tweets: a Qualitative Examination of Perpetrators, Targets, and Helpers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BULLYING PREVENTION : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BULLYING PREVENTION ASSOCIATION 2022; 4:6-22. [PMID: 34124584 PMCID: PMC8180542 DOI: 10.1007/s42380-021-00098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bullying literature notes that aside from the dyadic relationship of target and perpetrator, there are other participant roles in the bullying process including those that reinforce the perpetrator and those that stand up for the target. Most examinations of bullying roles have relied on self-reported data, which suffer from key limitations such as response and recall bias. Twitter data provides a way to overcome these limitations and extend our current understanding of bullying roles. The current study provides one of the first qualitative examinations of tweets to analyze the disclosure and sharing of bullying-related online and offline episodes. Through a qualitative content analysis, the study examines 780 tweets to analyze the descriptions and characteristics of three participant roles: the perpetrator, target, and helper. The results provide multidimensional insights into the context and relationships between bullying roles. The results reveal that each of the bullying role players tweet to share varying perspectives and the discussions transcend beyond just online exchanges. The results also confirm that Twitter is used not only as a channel for bullying but also as a tool for connection between the different role players. Implications of how Twitter can be leveraged to promote anti-bullying initiatives to educate and inform users about bullying, while also helping build resilience and emotional regulation, are discussed. Additionally, the study also has implications for artificial intelligence and can help to build improved classifiers to detect bullying-related discourse and content online.
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169
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Xie S, Xu J, Gao Y. Bullying Victimization, Coping Strategies, and Depression of Children of China. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:195-220. [PMID: 32129136 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520907361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is common knowledge that bullying victimization and coping strategies significantly affect the psychological well-being of children. However, which coping strategies are more effective at a particular level of bullying victimization is underexplored. Using survey data from 1,634 children from 10 schools in Wuhan, China, this study aims to investigate the abovementioned research gap. The results of factor analysis suggest that coping strategies of children in China can be divided into three types: help-seeking, avoidance, and self-defense. The results of multilevel modeling suggest that children adopting different coping strategies have distinct levels of depression. Help seekers show a significantly lower level of depression than self-defenders and avoiders. However, with increased bullying victimization, the effectiveness of the help-seeking strategy gradually decreases to offset the negative effect of bullying victimization on psychological well-being. Instead, those who adopt the self-defense strategy display a lower level of depression. The findings of this study suggest that there is no single coping strategy that is best for children, and the more effective strategy largely relies on the level of bullying victimization. The findings also imply that without external support, it is almost impossible for children to completely overcome the negative consequences of bullying on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junling Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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170
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Lucas-Molina B, Pérez-Albéniz A, Solbes-Canales I, Ortuño-Sierra J, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Bullying, Cyberbullying and Mental Health: The Role of Student Connectedness as a School Protective Factor. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2022; 31:33-41. [PMID: 37362615 PMCID: PMC10268552 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional bullying and cyberbullying are linked to adverse mental health outcomes. Student connectedness has been recently identified as a potential protective factor in these relationships. Nonetheless, the multilevel nature of these interactions has been frequently overlooked. The present study pretends to fill this gap by exploring the associations between individual levels of bullying and cyberbullying and three adjustment outcomes (i.e., suicidal behavior, symptoms of depression, and self-esteem), as well as the moderating role of the school level of student connectedness on these relationships. The participants in this work were 1,774 students aged 14-18 years (M = 15.70, SD = 1.26), of which 53.7% were female, from 31 secondary schools in Spain. We used previously validated self-reported questionnaires in this study. Traditional victimization and cybervictimization, as well as cyberbullying, were positively related to suicidal behavior and depression, and were negatively related to self-esteem. Conversely, individual levels of student connectedness were associated with lower levels of suicidal behavior and depression, and with higher levels of self-esteem. Moreover, school levels of student connectedness buffered the adjustment problems experienced by victims of cyberbullying. These findings highlight the importance of student connectedness as a possible target for school-based cyberbullying prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lucas-Molina
- University of ValenciaEducational PsychologyDepartment of DevelopmentalValenciaSpainDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Spain
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud MentalLogroñoSpainPrograma Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez-Albéniz
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud MentalLogroñoSpainPrograma Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
- Universidad de La RiojaLogroñoSpainUniversidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Irene Solbes-Canales
- Complutense University of MadridDepartament of Research and Psychology in EducationMadridSpainDepartament of Research and Psychology in Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud MentalLogroñoSpainPrograma Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
- Universidad de La RiojaLogroñoSpainUniversidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Programa Riojano de Investigación en Salud MentalLogroñoSpainPrograma Riojano de Investigación en Salud Mental (PRISMA), Logroño, Spain
- Universidad de La RiojaLogroñoSpainUniversidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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171
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An observational study of Internet behaviours for adolescent females following sexual abuse. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:74-87. [PMID: 34580439 PMCID: PMC9258728 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with revictimization and sexual risk-taking behaviours. The Internet has increased the opportunities for teens to access sexually explicit imagery and has provided new avenues for victimization and exploitation. Online URL activity and offline psychosocial factors were assessed for 460 females aged 12-16 (CSA = 156; comparisons = 304) with sexual behaviours and Internet-initiated victimization assessed 2 years later. Females who experienced CSA did not use more pornography than comparisons but were at increased odds of being cyberbullied (odds ratio = 2.84, 95% confidence interval = 1.67-4.81). These females were also more likely to be represented in a high-risk latent profile characterized by heightened URL activity coupled with problematic psychosocial factors, which showed increased odds of being cyberbullied, receiving online sexual solicitations and heightened sexual activity. While Internet activity alone may not confer risk, results indicate a subset of teens who have experienced CSA for whom both online and offline factors contribute to problematic outcomes.
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172
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Self-esteem, self-image, and school bullying in eating disorders. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:41-48. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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173
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La Rosa NL, Brown SL, Mitchell SM, Seegan PL, Cukrowicz KC. The moderating role of pessimism in the association between retrospective relational peer victimization, interpersonal risk factors, and suicide ideation. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:75-84. [PMID: 34724225 PMCID: PMC8678312 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peer victimization (PV) is a serious concern for youth and is associated with subsequent suicide ideation in young adulthood. The interpersonal theory of suicide may provide a framework for understanding suicide ideation in this population. Specifically, thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) have been significantly associated with suicide ideation among young adults with a history of peer victimization. Additionally, the personality trait of pessimism is associated with elevated suicide ideation. Thus, this study tested the association between self-reported frequency of retrospective relational (i.e., verbal and indirect) PV in primary and secondary school, thwarted interpersonal needs (TB and PB), and current suicide ideation, as well as how these relations may vary based on current pessimism. Participants were 330 undergraduate students. Nonparametric bootstrap moderated mediation procedures were used to test hypotheses. Results indicated significant indirect effects of frequency of retrospective relational PV and suicide ideation through PB and TB. Contrary to predictions, results did not indicate significant moderated mediation; however, the association between PB and suicide ideation was stronger at lower pessimism levels. We also provide supplemental analysis with optimism as the moderator. These findings suggest that clinicians may consider targeting TB, PB, as well as pessimism and optimism among those with a history of relational PV when assessing and intervening on current suicide ideation. Implications, limitations, and future directions are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L. Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Sean M. Mitchell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University,Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Paige L. Seegan
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
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174
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Dantchev S, Zemp M. Sibling, Peer, and Cyber Bullying Among Children and Adolescents: Co-occurrence and Implications for Their Adjustment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:761276. [PMID: 35002854 PMCID: PMC8728088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying across the sibling, peer, and cyber context has consistently been associated with a range of long-term health and well-being consequences for children and adolescents. Although research examining different bullying forms simultaneously in the same study are emerging, it remains unclear to what extend sibling, peer, and cyber bullying co-occur and in what ways they are associated. Moreover, previous work has demonstrated that children and adolescents who experience multiple forms of victimization are at a particular risk of adverse outcomes. However, whether different constellations of co-occurring bullying forms have differential impacts has not yet been investigated sufficiently. The aim of the present study was to examine the frequencies of isolated and co-occurring sibling, peer, and cyber bullying as well as to explore their independent and cumulative relationships with child adjustment. This study was based on a sample of 329 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 15. Bullying experiences across the sibling, peer, and cyber context in the previous 6 months were assessed via self-report. Youth further reported on emotional problems, conduct problems, sleep problems, and academic achievement via an online questionnaire. Sibling, peer, and cyber bullying were uniquely associated with child outcomes. A cumulative relationship between bullying victimization across contexts and emotional problems, conduct problems, and sleep problems could be identified, while bullying perpetration across contexts was only linked to more conduct problems in a cumulative manner. The findings have important practical implications arguing for the adoption of a holistic approach toward bullying in prevention and intervention.
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175
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Delgado-Suárez I, López-del-Hoyo Y, García-Campayo J, Pérez-Aranda A, Modrego-Alarcón M, Beltrán-Ruiz M, Gascón S, Montero-Marín J. Testing the Efficacy of ‘Unlearning’, a Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Programme for Cultivating Nonviolence in Teenagers: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2021; 12:717736. [PMID: 34975612 PMCID: PMC8716809 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most programmes developed to reduce aggressive attitudes among teenagers are based on cultivating nonviolence, a construct that has been related to compassion and, more indirectly, mindfulness. This study aims at testing the efficacy of ‘Unlearning’, a mindfulness and compassion-based programme, for reducing aggressive attitudes in adolescents. Method: A sample of 164 students from three high schools in Zaragoza (Spain) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to (1) ‘Unlearning’, or (2) relaxation programme. Three assessment points were established: baseline, post-treatment and a 4-month follow-up. The outcome variables were the subscales of the ‘Attitudes Toward Social Aggression Scale’. Mindfulness and compassion were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results: ‘Unlearning’ did not produce changes in the primary outcomes, but significant effects were observed post-treatment in self-compassion; and in the follow-up, in self-compassion and mindfulness. The control group did not experience any change post-treatment, but a significant effect in mindfulness was observed in the follow-up. The intergroup analyses indicated that ‘Unlearning’ improved self-compassion, both post-treatment (t = −2.48, p = 0.014) and after 4-months (t = −2.03, p = 0.044), although these results were not statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: ‘Unlearning’ did not produce significant reductions in aggressive attitudes compared to the control group. The low baseline levels may have hindered the efficacy of the interventions. ‘Unlearning’ showed potential to improve self-compassion, which is related to nonviolence, and this may have positive implications for the adolescents. Future interventions should include teachers and families to enhance the effectiveness of the programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Delgado-Suárez
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda López-del-Hoyo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Aranda
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Adrián Pérez-Aranda,
| | - Marta Modrego-Alarcón
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Beltrán-Ruiz
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Gascón
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Montero-Marín
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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176
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Jiménez Sánchez M, Berrocal de Luna E, Alonso Ferres M. Prevalencia y características del acoso y ciberacoso entre adolescentes. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy20.pcac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
En el presente artículo, se analizan experiencias de acoso y ciberacoso con el propósito de conocer tanto las características que las envuelven como su prevalencia. Participaron 220 estudiantes desde sexto de educación primaria a primero de bachillerato, escolarizados en centros educativos de la provincia de Granada, seleccionados mediante un muestreo incidental no probabilístico. Para el diseño de la investigación, se optó por un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo no experimental, amparado bajo la técnica de encuesta, utilizando una versión adaptada del cuestionario Ciberbull, utilizado por Giménez et al. (2015). Los resultados mostraron una propensión elevada en ambas manifestaciones de acoso (23.6 % acosadores y 14.1 % victimas), detectando que estas situaciones tendían a disminuir conforme al aumento de la edad del alumnado. Además, se hallaron diferencias, por un lado, en el sexode los sujetos que perpetran acoso (Mhombres = 1.2; DE = 0.4 vs. Mmujeres = 1.09; DE = 0.29) y, por otra parte, en la prevalencia de victimización (β = 0.542, p < 0.05), poniéndose de manifiesto que el hecho de ser acosado, puede ser un valor predictivo de ser víctima de ciberacoso. Por último, se recomienda continuar el estudio, realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio del instrumento, así como ampliando la muestra de participantes.
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177
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Sosin LS, Noble SD, Harrichand JJS, Bohecker L. The Creative Arts Personal Growth Group (CAPG): Transforming Fear and Shame. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2021.2000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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178
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Comment réagir face à une situation de harcèlement à l’école ? Une synthèse de la littérature. PRAT PSYCHOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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179
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Walters GD. School-Age Bullying Victimization and Perpetration: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies and Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1129-1139. [PMID: 32079497 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020906513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three samples from 22 longitudinal studies assessing both bullying perpetration and bullying victimization were selected from a sample of 1,408 candidate studies using several prespecified criteria (i.e., participants ≤ 18 years of age; self-reported bullying victimization and perpetration assessed with a lag of at least 1 month but no more than 24 months; not a treatment or program study). A random effects meta-analysis was then performed on the concurrent and cross-lagged longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and perpetration in the 23 samples. A large pooled effect size (r = .40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [.34, .45]) was obtained for the concurrent association between bullying victimization and perpetration, whereas modest to moderate effect sizes (victimization to perpetration: r = .20, 95% CI [.17, .24]; perpetration to victimization: r = .21, 95% CI [.17, .24]) were obtained for the two cross-lagged longitudinal correlations. The results did not change when analyses were conducted separately for traditional bullying and cyberbullying outcomes. These findings indicate that bullying victimization and perpetration correlate strongly and that their cross-lagged longitudinal relationship runs in both directions, such that perpetration is just as likely to lead to future victimization as victimization is to lead to future perpetration. Different theoretical models are proposed in an effort to explain these results: cycle of violence, general strain, and social cognitive theories for victimization leading to perpetration and risky lifestyles, routine activities, and peer selection theories for perpetration leading to victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, PA, USA
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180
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Wang Q, Liu X. Peer Victimization and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Moderating Roles of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Social Support. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:11165-11187. [PMID: 31916475 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519897346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Peer victimization is a serious issue among school-aged children. Chinese left-behind children tend to experience peer victimization and associated nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior. However, the possible improvement of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) based on increased family income may serve to buffer the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, and this buffering effect may differ by level of social support. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the moderating effect of subjective SES on the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI by the level of social support among Chinese left-behind children. A total of 431 left-behind children and 447 non-left-behind children (comparison group) completed self-report scales measuring peer victimization, NSSI, subjective SES, and social support. Results showed that peer victimization was positively related to NSSI among left-behind children, but not among non-left-behind children. Moreover, for left-behind children with low levels of social support, high subjective SES intensified the association between peer victimization and NSSI; peer victimization was positively associated with NSSI among left-behind children who reported high subjective SES, but not among those with low subjective SES. However, high levels of social support seemed to protect the left-behind children with high subjective SES who experienced peer victimization from NSSI. For non-left-behind children with both parents present, high subjective SES played a protective role in the association between peer victimization and NSSI, regardless of the levels of social support they enjoyed. These findings contribute to an understanding of subjective SES as a moderating mechanism in the association between peer victimization and NSSI among left-behind children. Social support proved central to the protective role of subjective SES. Intervention programs to enhance social support can help to strengthen the protective effect of subjective SES on NSSI among left-behind children who experience peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Liu
- Beijing Normal University, China
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181
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Face-to-Face and Cyber-Victimization: A Longitudinal Study of Offline Appearance Anxiety and Online Appearance Preoccupation. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2311-2323. [PMID: 33449288 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Most adolescents and young adults navigate seamlessly between offline and online social environments, and interactions in each environment brings with it opportunities for appearance concerns and preoccupation, as well as victimization and teasing about appearance. Yet, research has concentrated primarily on face-to-face victimization and its role in offline appearance anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults. To extend this to include cyber-victimization and online behaviors indicative of appearance anxiety, the present longitudinal study investigated the risk of face-to-face and cyber-victimization for offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation. Participants were 650 adolescents age 15 to 19 years (Mage = 17.3 years, 59% female) who completed two surveys over one-year. Correlations identified both forms of victimization as associated with offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation. Yet, in a structural equation model, face-to-face peer victimization, but not cyber-victimization, was uniquely associated with increased offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation from T1 to T2. Offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation strongly covaried and were bidirectionally associated over time. Female gender and age were associated with more anxiety and preoccupation. When gender moderation was tested, only the stability in appearance anxiety was moderated, with greater stability in females than males. Overall, offline and online appearance anxieties are highly interrelated and share a common risk factor in face-to-face appearance-related victimization by peers.
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182
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Malamut ST, Dawes M, van den Berg Y, Lansu TAM, Schwartz D, Cillessen AHN. Adolescent Victim Types Across the Popularity Status Hierarchy: Differences in Internalizing Symptoms. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2444-2455. [PMID: 34585323 PMCID: PMC8580928 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have called attention to the fact that popular youth are not immune to peer victimization, suggesting there is heterogeneity in the popularity of victims. Yet, no study to date has determined whether victims with different levels of popularity status can be identified using person-oriented analysis. Such analysis is critically needed to confirm the existence of popular victims. Further, there remains a paucity of research on internalizing indices of such popular victims, especially compared to other victim and non-victim groups. To address this gap in the research literature, the current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of victims based on victimization (self- and peer-report) and popularity (peer-report). This study sought to verify the existence of popular victims and to compare victim subgroups on loneliness and self-esteem. Participants were 804 Dutch adolescents (50.2% boys, Mage = 13.65 years, ranging from 11.29 to 16.75 years). The results revealed six subgroups, including a group of popular self-identified victims. Popular self-identified victims were generally less lonely than other victims, but had higher loneliness and lower self-esteem than non-victims. Implications are discussed for understanding the victimization experiences of high-status youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Malamut
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
- INVEST Research Flagship Center/Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Molly Dawes
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Tessa A M Lansu
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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183
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Finkelhor D, Walsh K, Jones L, Mitchell K, Collier A. Youth Internet Safety Education: Aligning Programs With the Evidence Base. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1233-1247. [PMID: 32242503 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020916257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review critically examines the messages of youth internet safety education programs in the light of research about both the dynamics of internet dangers and the efficacy of youth prevention education. METHODS Using terms "internet safety education" and "digital citizenship," a Google search identified 12 multi-topic safety programs. Review articles were identified via Google Scholar for six forms of online harm to youth that have been targeted by many of these programs: cyberbullying (19 articles); online sexual exploitation (23 articles); sexting (19 articles); online fraud, hacking, and identity theft (6 articles); online suicide and self-harm promotion (18 articles); and internet overuse or addiction (15 articles). FINDINGS There appear to be mismatches between dynamics revealed in the research about internet harms and the messages emphasized in educational programs, particularly on the issues of sexual exploitation and sexting. Overall, the review literature also suggests major advantages to integrating internet safety into already well-established and evidence-based programs currently addressing related off-line harms, for example, programs focusing on general bullying, dating abuse, or sexual abuse prevention. The advantages stem from four factors: (1) the considerable overlap between online harms and similar off-line harms, (2) the apparent greater prevalence of off-line harms, (3) the evidence that the same risk factors lie behind both online and off-line harms, and most importantly, (4) the substantially superior evidence base for the longer standing programs developed originally around the off-line harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Finkelhor
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Kerryann Walsh
- Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Jones
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Kimberly Mitchell
- Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Anne Collier
- The Net Safety Collaborative, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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184
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Coyle S, Cipra A, Rueger SY. Bullying types and roles in early adolescence: Latent classes of perpetrators and victims. J Sch Psychol 2021; 89:51-71. [PMID: 34836576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although research has suggested that youth involved in bullying as victims, perpetrators, or both are at risk for negative outcomes, less work has investigated different patterns in how youth are involved in bullying with consideration for both the role (i.e., victimization and perpetration) as well as type of behaviors experienced (i.e., cyber, verbal, relational, and physical). Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), the current study investigated patterns of bullying involvement with a sample of 799 middle school students. Results indicated that five classes of bully-involved youth emerged, including a (a) not involved class, (b) traditional bully victim class, (c) verbal bully-victim class, (d) traditional victim-only class, and (e) cyber bully-victim class. Notably, the bully-involved groups demonstrated significantly more internalizing, externalizing, and school related problems than youth not involved in bullying. Implications regarding identification of youth at risk for social and emotional challenges and intervention planning for bully involved youth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Coyle
- Montclair State University, Department of Psychology, Montclair, NJ 04043, United States of America.
| | - Alli Cipra
- Governors State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, IL 60484, United States of America.
| | - Sandra Yu Rueger
- Wheaton College, School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton, IL 60187, United States of America.
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185
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Useche SA, Valle E, Valle-Escolano R, Colomer-Pérez N. Psychometric properties, validity and insights of the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) in secondary schools of the Valencian Community (Spain). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259392. [PMID: 34748600 PMCID: PMC8575267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its several threats to health, welfare, social and academic development and performance of kids and teenagers, school bullying remains highlighted as one of the most relevant related challenges for educational, behavioral and legal sciences worldwide. Moreover, the lack of research on the field and the crucial but unattended need to count on psychometrically suitable and valid tools to detect school bullying make difficult understanding its contexts, dynamics and possible solutions. Objective The aim of this study was to thoroughly present in detail the psychometric properties and validity issues of the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) among secondary students. Methods A regionwide sample of 810 (47.2% girls) secondary students attending to 21 schools across the Valencian Community (Spain), aged M = 14.40 (SD = 1.61) years, responded to a paper-based questionnaire containing the 36-item version of the CIE-A and various scales related to psychosocial health and wellbeing, used as criterion variables. Results The outcomes of this study suggest that the CIE-A has a clear factor structure, an optimal set of item loadings and goodness-of-fit indexes. Further, that CIE-A has shown good internal consistency and reliability indexes, coherent associations with other mental health and academic performance variables, and the possibility to assess gender differences on bullying-related factors among secondary students. Conclusion The CIE-A may represent a suitable tool for assessing bullying in a three-factorial approach (i.e., victimization, symptomatology, and intimidation), offering optimal psychometric properties, validity and reliability insights, and the potentiality of being applied in the school environment. Actions aimed at improving the school coexistence and the well-being of secondary students, targeting potential bullied/bully profiles or seeking to assess demographic and psychosocial correlates of bullying among teenagers, might get benefited from this questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Useche
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Eliseo Valle
- Department of Education and School Management, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Natura Colomer-Pérez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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186
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Kickbusch I, Piselli D, Agrawal A, Balicer R, Banner O, Adelhardt M, Capobianco E, Fabian C, Singh Gill A, Lupton D, Medhora RP, Ndili N, Ryś A, Sambuli N, Settle D, Swaminathan S, Morales JV, Wolpert M, Wyckoff AW, Xue L. The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2030: growing up in a digital world. Lancet 2021; 398:1727-1776. [PMID: 34706260 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kickbusch
- Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dario Piselli
- Centre for International Environmental Studies, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ran Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel; Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olivia Banner
- School of Arts, Technology and Emerging Communication, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael Adelhardt
- Competence Centre Health and Social Protection, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emanuele Capobianco
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Amandeep Singh Gill
- International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Lupton
- Centre for Social Research in Health, Social Policy Research Centre, Australian Research Council for Automated Decision-Making and Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Njide Ndili
- PharmAccess Foundation Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Ryś
- Health Systems, Medical Products and Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew W Wyckoff
- Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Lan Xue
- The Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University, China
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187
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Parental Reports of Intervention Services and Prevalence of Teasing in a Multinational Craniofacial Microsomia Pediatric Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:2687-2691. [PMID: 34727472 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Children with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) are at increased risk for educational and social concerns. This study describes intervention services and frequency of teasing in a multinational population of children with CFM. Caregivers of children with CFM ages 3 to 18 years in the US and South America were administered a questionnaire. Additional information was gathered from medical charts and photographs. Participants (N = 169) had an average age of 10.1 ± 6.2 years, were primarily male (60%), and from the US (46%) or Colombia (32%). Most participants had microtia and mandibular hypoplasia (70%). They often had unilateral (71%) or bilateral (19%) hearing loss and 53% used a hearing aid. In the US, special education services were provided for 48% of participants enrolled in school; however, similar services were rare (4%) in South America and reflect differences in education systems. Access to any intervention service was higher in the US (80%) than in South America (48%). Caregivers reported children showed diagnosis awareness by an average age of 4.4 ± 1.9 years. Current or past teasing was reported in 41% of the children, starting at a mean age of 6.0 ± 2.4 years, and most often took place at school (86%). As half of the US participants received developmental and academic interventions, providers should screen for needs and facilitate access to services. Given diagnosis awareness at age 4 and teasing at age 6, providers are encouraged to assess for psychosocial concerns and link to resources early in treatment.
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188
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Hosozawa M, Bann D, Fink E, Elsden E, Baba S, Iso H, Patalay P. Bullying victimisation in adolescence: prevalence and inequalities by gender, socioeconomic status and academic performance across 71 countries. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 41:101142. [PMID: 34693231 PMCID: PMC8517283 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying victimisation is of global importance due to its long-term negative consequences. We examined the prevalence of victimisation and its inequalities in 15-year-olds across 71 countries. METHODS Data were from the Programme for International Student Assessment (March-August 2018). Students reported frequencies of relational, physical, and verbal victimisation during the last 12 months, which were analysed separately and combined into a total score. Prevalence of frequent victimisation (> a few times a month) was estimated, followed by mean differences in total score by gender, wealth and academic performance quintiles in each country. Meta-analyses were used to examine country differences. FINDINGS Of 421,437 students included, 113,602 (30·4%) experienced frequent victimisation, yet this varied by country-from 9·3% (Korea) to 64·8% (Philippines). Verbal and relational victimisation were more frequent (21·4%, 20.9%, respectively) than physical victimisation (15·2%). On average, boys (vs girls +0·23SD, 95%CI: 0·22-0·24), students from the lowest wealth (vs highest +0·09SD, 0·08-0·10) and with lowest academic performance (vs highest +0·49SD, 0·48-0·50) had higher scores. However, there was substantial between-country heterogeneity in these associations (I2=85%-98%). Similar results were observed for subtypes of victimisation-except relational victimisation, where gender inequalities were smaller. INTERPRETATION Globally, bullying victimisation was high, although the size, predominant subtype and strength of associations with risk factors varied by country. The large cross-country differences observed require further replication and empirical explanation, and suggest the need to and the large scope for reducing bullying victimisation and its inequity in the future. FUNDING Japan Foundation for Pediatric Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hosozawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
- Deparetment of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public health, UCL, UK
- Corresponding author: Mariko Hosozawa, MD, PhD, Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan Tel: +81-03-6228-0562.
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Social Research, UCL, UK
| | - Elian Fink
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Esme Elsden
- Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, UK
| | - Sachiko Baba
- Bioethics and Public Policy, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Social Research, UCL, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, UK
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189
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Zhang S, Mulhall PF, Flowers N, Lee NY. Bullying Reporting Concerns as a Mediator Between School Climate and Bullying Victimization/Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11531-NP11554. [PMID: 31766969 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519889926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether bullying reporting concerns mediate the relationship between school climate and student bullying victimization as well as aggressive behavior. Data were from a sample of 301 students in Grades 6 to 8 in two minority-predominant schools in a large U.S. metropolitan area. Findings from bootstrapped structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that for male students, a higher level of perceived anti-bullying school climate was negatively associated with bullying reporting concerns, while the reporting concerns subsequently were positively associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior. For female students, perceived school climate was not associated with bullying reporting concerns, but the latter were also positively associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior. Therefore, bullying reporting concerns mediated the association between perceived school climate and bullying victimization as well as aggressive behavior for male but not female students. The findings suggest the importance of strengthening anti-bullying school climate to help students overcome bullying reporting concerns to achieve effective outcomes. The gender difference of associations between school climate and bullying reporting concerns may reflect the variation of bullying types experienced by male and female students, which calls for attention to the development of anti-bullying strategies that take into account gender differences and address various types of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Na Youn Lee
- The University of Mississippi, University, USA
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190
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Baldwin JR, Ayorech Z, Rijsdijk FV, Schoeler T, Pingault JB. Cyber-victimisation and mental health in young people: a co-twin control study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2620-2630. [PMID: 32364102 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of social media use in young people has sparked concern about the impact of cyber-victimisation on mental health. Although cyber-victimisation is associated with mental health problems, it is not known whether such associations reflect genetic and environmental confounding. METHODS We used the co-twin control design to test the direct association between cyber-victimisation and multiple domains of mental health in young people. Participants were 7708 twins drawn from the Twins Early Development Study, a UK-based population cohort followed from birth to age 22. RESULTS Monozygotic twins exposed to greater levels of cyber-victimisation had more symptoms of internalising, externalising and psychotic disorders than their less victimised co-twins at age 22, even after accounting for face-to-face peer victimisation and prior mental health. However, effect sizes from the most stringent monozygotic co-twin control analyses were decreased by two thirds from associations at the individual level [pooled β across all mental health problems = 0.06 (95% CI 0.03-0.10) v. 0.17 (95% CI 0.15-0.19) in individual-level analyses]. CONCLUSIONS Cyber-victimisation has a small direct association with multiple mental health problems in young people. However, a large part of the association between cyber-victimisation and mental health is due to pre-existing genetic and environmental vulnerabilities and co-occurring face-to-face victimisation. Therefore, preventative interventions should target cyber-victimisation in conjunction with pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities and other forms of victimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R Baldwin
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fruhling V Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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191
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Morton HE, Gillis JM, Zale EL, Brimhall KC, Romanczyk RG. Development and Validation of the Assessment of Bullying Experiences Questionnaire for Neurodivergent Youth. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:4651-4664. [PMID: 34713376 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bullying victimization is a prevalent concern for neurodivergent (e.g., autistic, ADHD) youth. Bullying assessment methods vary widely and there is currently no questionnaire specific to neurodivergent youth. The Assessment of Bullying Experiences (ABE) was created to fill this gap. The ABE questionnaire was completed by 335 parents of school-age youth characterized as autistic, having ADHD, or community comparison. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis identified a four-factor solution, aligning with verbal, physical, relational, and cyber victimization. Construct validity analyses indicate the ABE converges with an existing bullying questionnaire and diverges from disruptive behavior or internalizing symptoms. The ABE questionnaire is a valid measure of bullying that furthers understanding of nuance in peer victimization for neurodivergent youth and informs group-specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Morton
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Gillis
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Emily L Zale
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Kim C Brimhall
- Department of Social Work, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Raymond G Romanczyk
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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192
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Dispositional and situational moral emotions, bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStudies that distinguish the role of dispositional and situational moral emotions in bullying situations remain limited in the international literature. This work, therefore, aims to analyze the role of dispositional and situational moral emotions in bullying and prosocial behavior in adolescents. Two studies were conducted: a cross-sectional study including 644 adolescents aged 14–18 years (M = 15.6, DT = 1.4) and a repeated measures design including 235 adolescents aged 10–15 years (M = 12.5, DT = 0.9). The objectives of Study 1 were 1) to validate two scales for the situational moral emotions elicited in bullying situations (elevation and moral disgust) and 2) to examine the relationships between dispositional and situational moral emotions and prosocial behavior toward victims and bullying behavior. The results show adequate psychometric properties for both elevation and moral disgust scales. Furthermore, both situational moral emotions are negatively related to bullying behavior, whereas dispositional emotions such as compassion and gratitude have a positive effect on prosocial behavior. Study 2 assessed the prospective relationship between dispositional gratitude and prosocial behavior toward victims and bullying behavior. The results of this study indicate that dispositional gratitude has a positive prospective effect on prosocial behavior towards victims and a negative effect on bullying behavior. In conclusion, the relevance of moral emotions for the prevention of bullying behavior is highlighted and the role that self-transcendent dispositional emotions have on prosocial behavior from the perspective of developmental psychology.
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193
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Potard C, Combes C, Kubiszewski V, Pochon R, Henry A, Roy A. Adolescent School Bullying and Life Skills: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2021; 36:604-637. [PMID: 34725265 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The health consequences of being involved in bullying and cyberbullying are well described for adolescents, but many questions related to the role played by their life skills remain unanswered. Accordingly, this systematic review aims to provide a clear overview of research on the relationships between bullying involvement as a bully, victim, bully-victim or bystander, and adolescents' life skills. This article systematically reviewed 71 relevant empirical studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted from the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Sage, Wiley, and SpringerLink databases. Their main findings were categorized according to the three types of life skills described by the World Health Organization: decision-making/problem-solving skills, interpersonal and communication skills, and self-management skills. Results showed relatively consensual outcomes for communication and interpersonal skills (empathy, moral disengagement) and skills for managing stress (coping strategies). Other decision-making or interpersonal skills, such as executive function or theory of mind, were poorly explored, and require further research, if we are to understand how life skills may be involved in bullying. Taken together, our findings highlight methodological heterogeneity and measurement problems in bullying studies that make their results difficult to interpret. Recommendations for prevention/education health researchers and professionals are provided, emphasizing the importance of considering the sociocognitive development of adolescents in bullying prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Potard
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- University of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France
| | - Céline Combes
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Régis Pochon
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- University of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Henry
- Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Roy
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France
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Alsaleem MA, Alhashem HA, Alsaleem SA, Mahfouz AA. Bullying Prevalence among Secondary School Children in Khamis Mushait City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11100134. [PMID: 34677227 PMCID: PMC8533554 DOI: 10.3390/bs11100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying is a type of behavior that involves frequent, hostile activities expected to harm another person physically, mentally, or emotionally. Bullying behavior uses force, pressure, or threats to maltreat, forcefully dominate, or terrify another individual. The aim of this study was to assess the bullying prevalence and related features among secondary school pupils in Khamis Mushait city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional investigation was performed among governmental and private secondary schools in Khamis Mushait city. Data were gathered from the study pupils using a pre-structured questionnaire. Bullying was assessed using the school climate bullying survey. The study included 300 secondary school students (163 females and 137 males). The overall rate of bullying was 64.7% (95% CI 59.1–69.9). The most prevalent type of bullying was verbal (41.7%, 95% CI 36.0–47.5) followed by physical (17.0%, 95% CI 12.9–21.7), and social (6.0%, 95% CI 3.6–9.3). Males had more than two times greater probability of having been bullied than females (aOR = 2.522, 95% CI 1.408–4.518). Similarly, students in first-level grade classes had more than three times greater probability of being bullied victims than those in the higher classes, i.e., second- and third-level grade classes (aOR = 3.417, 95% CI 1.159–10.07). More than half of the students tell teachers when other students are being bullied (53.7%) and tell a teacher or staff member at the school if they are being harassed (53.6%); teachers are doing anything they can to help if they are told that a student is being bothered (58.7%), and teachers are making clear to students that bullying is not tolerated (52.3%). In conclusion, in the present study, we reported a high prevalence rate of bullying among secondary school pupils in Khamis Mushait city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Concerted efforts among teachers and health care providers in the region should be mandatory to deal with the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abadi Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Huda Aied Alhashem
- Family Medicine Department, Aseer General Directorate of Health Affairs, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safar Abadi Alsaleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed A. Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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195
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Wójcik M, Flak W. Frenemy: A New Addition to the Bullying Circle. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP11131-NP11154. [PMID: 31603043 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519880168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Greater knowledge on the social complexities of bullying is crucial to reduce actual bullying behavior. Two main approaches have been used to study bullying: the participant role approach and the bullying circle. In this study, we explored bullying through interviewing adults who had been victims of school bullying in the past, investigating how they perceived their experiences, and how they interpreted the bullying context and their surrounding peer relations. We interviewed 20 participants (more than 18 years old), all of whom had experience of being bullied for more than 1 year. The interview data were then analyzed with a thematic analysis. We found that participants had a different definition of bullying compared with the standard definition formulated by researchers. They also confirmed the fluidity of participants' roles and the changes in behavioral patterns toward victims, depending on the peer context. Most importantly, we revealed a new participant in the bullying circle: the frenemy, whose intervention style changes from pro-victim when alone with the victim to neutral or pro-aggressor when surrounded by members of the bullying circle. This new addition adds to our understanding of the bullying process and the relationships within the bullying circle, which may help with more effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Flak
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract
The current study used meta-regression to establish trends in bullying from 1998 to 2017, to identify factors that help explain variation in bullying trends, and to determine differences in the trends by gender and grade. This study focused on trends of face-to-face (FTF) bullying victimization and perpetration, cyberbullying victimization, relational bullying victimization, verbal bullying victimization, and physical bullying victimization, as well as characteristics of the youth involved. It also explored methodological and survey differences to help determine which factors contribute to variation from study to study. A systematic search found 91 studies reporting trends of bullying, from 1998 to 2017, that met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings illustrate no significant time trend when looking at FTF bullying victimization, yet an increasing time trend for cyberbullying victimization. Additional trends begin to emerge when stratifying the findings by grade and gender, with FTF bullying victimization among boys declining, while FTF bullying victimization among girls is increasing. Across both FTF bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization, younger adolescents report significantly more bullying than older adolescents, and this is consistent over time. Verbal and physical bullying victimization as well as FTF bullying perpetration have significantly declined over time. This study also identified key variables that contribute to the variation from trend study to trend study. The implications of these findings inform both policy and practice and provide insight into the overall scope of bullying within the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeve S Kennedy
- Department of Sociology, 169216University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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197
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Angelakis I, Gooding P. Adverse Social Relationships in Childhood: Are there Links with Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Suicidality in Adulthood? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:945-956. [PMID: 33040218 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to (i) explore the association between perceptions of negative social relationships in childhood with significant others, including peers, guardians and teachers, symptoms of depression and OCD, and suicide behaviors, and (ii) examine whether depression and OCD severity meditated the association between these perceptions and suicide experiences. In total, 783 individuals from the community were invited to complete self-report measures. There were strong associations between perceptions of adverse social relationships in childhood, severity of depression and OCD, and suicide behaviors. Furthermore, depression and OCD partially mediated the association between perceptions of adverse social relationships, especially with peers, and suicide behaviors. These results provide strong evidence for the importance of developing clinical interventions that directly target negative experiences of social relationships in childhood, and for raising public and scientific awareness that everyday adverse social interactions with significant others can impact negatively on mental health including suicide behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelakis
- School of Psychology, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, UK.
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
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198
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Female teachers’ coping styles with negative emotions in student aggression. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-021-00573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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199
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Falla D, Romera EM, Ortega-Ruiz R. Aggression, Moral Disengagement and Empathy. A Longitudinal Study Within the Interpersonal Dynamics of Bullying. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703468. [PMID: 34566782 PMCID: PMC8461074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moral disengagement and empathy have been linked to aggression in traditional bullying. A number of longitudinal studies have focused on how these variables predict aggressive behavior within the dynamics of bullying. However, no conclusive results have been produced as to whether aggressive behavior in bullying can predict lower levels of empathy, and to date, no studies have explored in depth the mediating role of moral disengagement strategies in this relationship, which is the aim of this study. A total of 1,810 students (51.0% girls; Mage = 14.50; SD = 1.05) completed a survey in three waves at 6-month intervals. The results showed that aggressive behavior in bullying at Time 1 was inversely related to affective and cognitive empathy at Time 3. Minimization of responsibility, distortion of consequences and dehumanizing mediated in the aggressive behavior exhibited by the bullying aggressors and in cognitive empathy, while cognitive restructuring and the distortion of consequences mediated in affective empathy. We discuss the impact on moral and emotional sensitivity of the continued aggression occurring in the interpersonal dynamics of bullying, as well as the relationship between certain strategies of moral disengagement and the different types of empathy. We also comment on the need to design intervention programs to address the lowering of moral criteria and empathy in young people and adolescents involved in traditional bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Falla
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eva M Romera
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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A cross-sectional study of COVID-19-related bullying in a sample of Lebanese adults: scale validation, correlates, and mediating effect of fear and anxiety. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:137. [PMID: 34496963 PMCID: PMC8425023 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to prolonged exposure to stress and anxiety, raising concerns about a large spectrum of psychological side effects. The primary objective of the study was to validate the COVID-19 Bullying Scale (CBS-11). The second objective was to explore factors associated with COVID-19-related bullying and evaluate the mediating effect of fear and anxiety between knowledge and COVID-19-related bullying.
Methods A cross-sectional online survey conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 5, 2021, recruited 405 Lebanese adults using a snowball sampling technique. The CBS-11, an 11-item tool specifically created for this study, was used to measure bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients. Results All items of the CBS-11 converged over a 1-factor solution with an eigenvalue over 1, accounting for a variance of 75.16%. The scale has a high Cronbach’s alpha (.974), indicating excellent reliability. A positive correlation was found between the COVID-19 bullying scale and fear, anxiety, and stigma discrimination. The logistic regression showed that higher fear of COVID-19 (ORa = 1.04), a positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures and hygiene recommendations (ORa = 1.18), higher stigma discrimination scores (ORa = 1.09), and having a health professional family member (ORa = 2.42) were significantly associated with bullying. Conclusion Our main findings showed that the CBS-11 could be an efficient tool to measure bullying behaviors toward COVID-19 patients. Stigma discrimination and fear from COVID-19 were associated with higher bullying attitudes. Future prospective studies are needed to understand better the factors related to bullying among adults during a pandemic, such as COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00643-1.
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