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Knowledge assessment among the fourth and fifth year students on the potentially malignant lesions of oral cavity. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) are lesions that have an increased risk of malignant transformation concerning healthy oral mucosa. This research aimed to assess the knowledge of students of final years of study on the potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Material and Methods: 120 students of the fourth and fifth years of study participated in this research,60 respondents were fourth-year students, 60 respondents were fifth-year students. All of the respondents signed informed consent.According to the type of research, this is a cross-sectional study which was conducted by completing a 15-item questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed and processed in the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. Results: The results indicate that during the clinical examination the fourth and fifth-year students examine the oral mucosa as well. 61% of the students find themselves poorly informed on the PMOL. In the fourth year of study, only 5,5% of students responded that they were well informed, while in the fifth year that number totaled 28,5%. When knowledge self-assessment is concerned the difference has shown itself to be statistically significant between the fourth and fifth-year students. When asked what knowledge on the prevention of oral cancer they expect to receive during their studies, 78% of the students expected more knowledge than at that moment - 36% of which were fifth-year students, and 42% were fourth-year students. Conclusions: Even though the oral cavity is easily accessible to examination, the discovery of oral cancer occurs quite late. Ours, as well as results of other studies, impose the need for better theoretical and practical education of the students.
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Incorporation of differentiated dysplasia improves prediction of oral leukoplakia at increased risk of malignant progression. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1033-1040. [PMID: 31896811 PMCID: PMC7280084 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate into oral squamous cell carcinoma of 1-3% annually. The presence and grade of World Health Organization defined dysplasia is an important histological marker to assess the risk for malignant transformation, but is not sufficiently accurate to personalize treatment and surveillance. Differentiated dysplasia, known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, is hitherto not used in oral dysplasia grading. We hypothesized that assessing differentiated dysplasia besides World Health Organization defined (classic) dysplasia will improve risk assessment of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. We investigated a retrospective cohort consisting of 84 oral leukoplakia patients. Biopsies were assessed for dysplasia presence and grade, and the expression of keratins 13 (CK13) and 17, known to be dysregulated in dysplastic vulvar mucosa. In dysplastic oral lesions, differentiated dysplasia is as common as classic dysplasia. In 25 out of 84 (30%) patients, squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract developed during follow-up. Considering only classic dysplasia, 11 out of 56 (20%) patients with nondysplastic lesions progressed. With the incorporation of differentiated dysplasia, only 2 out of 30 (7%) patients with nondysplastic lesions progressed. The risk of progression increased from 3.26 (Hazard ratio, p = 0.002) when only classic dysplasia is considered to 7.43 (Hazard ratio, p = 0.001) when classic and differentiated dysplasia are combined. Loss of CK13, combined with presence of dysplasia, is associated with greater risk of malignant progression (p = 0.006). This study demonstrates that differentiated dysplasia should be recognized as a separate type of dysplasia in the oral mucosa and that its distinction from classic dysplasia is of pathological and clinical significance since it is a strong (co)prognostic histopathological marker for oral malignant transformation. In oral lesions without dysplasia and retained CK13 staining the risk for progression is very low.
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153
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Lou J, Liu L, Zhang W, Zhou Z, Fan Y. Differential expression of ghrelin and GHSR via the mTOR pathway during the dynamic carcinogenic process involving oral, potentially malignant disorders. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20192102. [PMID: 31750884 PMCID: PMC6923334 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to explore the sequence changes in ghrelin and GHSR in the mTOR signaling pathway during carcinogenesis involving oral, potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The samples were confirmed through in vivo pathologic tissue screening and diagnosis. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) protein. The expression of ghrelin, GHSR 1α, GHSR 1β, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) RNA were detected by real-time PCR. The expression of ghrelin, GHSR, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR (phosphor-mTOR) protein were detected by Western blot. The expression of ghrelin/GHSR increased gradually in the dynamic process of OPMD carcinogenesis. There was a correlation between the increase in ghrelin, GHSR, mTOR, and phospho-mTOR. The in vivo expression of ghrelin/GHSR protein was the most apparent pathologic change from normal-to-mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, and finally to the dynamic process from normal-to-mild-to-moderate dysplasia. The in vitro cell experiments based on QPCR results also proved that GHSR 1a functional receptor of ghrelin had a peak expression in LEUK-1 cells. In conclusioin, the close relationship between ghrelin and OPMD carcinogenesis can be used as a new biological target to assess the carcinogenesis of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Lou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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154
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Sundberg J, Korytowska M, Holmberg E, Bratel J, Wallström M, Kjellström E, Blomgren J, Kovács A, Öhman J, Sand L, Hirsch JM, Giglio D, Kjeller G, Hasséus B. Recurrence rates after surgical removal of oral leukoplakia-A prospective longitudinal multi-centre study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225682. [PMID: 31810078 PMCID: PMC6897554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant oral disorder. The Gold Standard treatment is to remove surgically the OL. Despite optimal surgery, the recurrence rates are estimated to be 30%. The reason for this is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical factors that correlate with recurrence after surgical removal of OL. In a prospective study data were collected from 226 patients with OL. Forty-six patients were excluded due to incomplete records or concomitant presence of other oral mucosal diseases. Overall, 180 patients proceeded to analysis (94 women and 86 men; mean age, 62 years; age range, 28–92 years). Clinical data, such as gender, diagnosis (homogeneous/non-homogeneous leukoplakia), location, size, tobacco and alcohol use, verified histopathological diagnosis, and clinical photograph, were obtained. In patients who were eligible for surgery, the OL was surgically removed with a margin. To establish recurrence, a healthy mucosa between the surgery and recurrence had to be confirmed in the records or clinical photographs. Statistical analysis was performed with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Of the 180 patients diagnosed with OL, 57% (N = 103) underwent surgical removal in toto. Recurrence was observed in 43 OL. The cumulative incidence of recurrence of OL was 45% after 4 years and 49% after 5 years. Fifty-six percent (N = 23) of the non-homogeneous type recurred. Among snuff-users 73% (N = 8) cases of OL recurred. A non-homogeneous type of OL and the use of snuff were significantly associated with recurrence after surgical excision (P = 0.021 and P = 0.003, respectively). Recurrence was also significantly associated with cancer transformation (P<0.001). No significant differences were found between recurrence and any of the following: dysplasia, site of lesion, size, multiple vs. solitary OL, gender, age, use of alcohol or smoking. In conclusion, clinical factors that predict recurrence of OL are non-homogeneous type and use of snuff.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Incidence
- Leukoplakia, Oral/epidemiology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/etiology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/surgery
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Mucosa/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Oral Surgical Procedures
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sundberg
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Korytowska
- Clinic of Orofacial Medicine, NÄL Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Bratel
- Clinic of Oral Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Wallström
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ebba Kjellström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Blomgren
- Clinic of Oral Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/East, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Öhman
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Sand
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan-Michaél Hirsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Giglio
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Kjeller
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hasséus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinic of Oral Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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155
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Emran S, Hurskainen M, Tomppo L, Lappalainen R, Kullaa AM, Myllymaa S. Bioimpedance spectroscopy and spectral camera techniques in detection of oral mucosal diseases: a narrative review of the state-of-the-art. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 43:474-491. [DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1692940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shekh Emran
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Hurskainen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Tomppo
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja M. Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Educational Dental Clinic, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Myllymaa
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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156
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Tilakaratne WM, Jayasooriya PR, Jayasuriya NS, De Silva RK. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Causes, quantification, prognosis, and management challenges. Periodontol 2000 2019; 80:126-147. [PMID: 31090138 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral epithelial dysplasia is a spectrum of architectural and cytological epithelial changes caused by accumulation of genetic changes, and is associated with an increased risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. It is a microscopic diagnosis of immense clinical importance. The initial reports of oral potentially malignant disorders with oral epithelial dysplasia transforming to oral cancer helped in understanding the nature of oral malignancies. Since then, clinical studies on oral potentially malignant disorders have combined microscopic findings of oral epithelial dysplasia to assess the malignant transformation potential of different grades of epithelial dysplasia. A significant amount of scientific literature has amassed on oral epithelial dysplasia relating to aspects of its diagnosis and management. However, the evidence base is weak as a result of the significant variability of published research. Poorly described study methods, variability in different oral epithelial dysplasia grading systems, inter- and intra-examiner variability causing issues of reliability, inadequate sample size, and inconsistent durations of follow-up are some of the methodological issues contributing to the failure to provide dependable information. Randomized clinical trials on the malignant transformation potential of oral epithelial dysplasia and its treatment outcomes are limited. This comprehensive literature review on oral epithelial dysplasia summarizes the scientific knowledge published in the scientific literature in English since its first description. The historical development, etiological factors, grading systems, diagnostic criteria, assessment of risk factors and prevention of malignant transformation, management principles of different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (surgical and nonsurgical), recommendations on follow-up, and prognostic indicators are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanninayake M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Primali R Jayasooriya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nadeena S Jayasuriya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohana Kumara De Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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157
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Ray JG, Chatterjee R, Chaudhuri K. Oral submucous fibrosis: A global challenge. Rising incidence, risk factors, management, and research priorities. Periodontol 2000 2019; 80:200-212. [PMID: 31090137 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity, with a high rate of malignant transformation. It is very common among habitual areca nut chewers. The pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis is not well established, but it is believed to be a disease of multifactorial origin, including areca nut chewing, ingestion of chilies, genetic factors, immunologic processes and nutritional deficiencies. Genetically susceptible individuals when exposed to areca nut chewing develop this disease over a variable period of time. Oral submucous fibrosis is considered to be a disease of collagen metabolism. Several genetic factors are reported but there is no consensus about the exact mechanism of disease initiation. Variations in histopathological presentation are noted among oral submucous fibrosis patients with habitual areca nut chewing in different forms and other additive agents, eg betel quid, pan masala and gutkha, together with a variety of tobacco habits. The role of epigenetic modifications, such as miRNA regulation, and DNA methylation is also being reported as part of the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. A combined approach, including analysis of genetic and epigenetic regulations with different habits, might be helpful to better understand the contributory factors and pathogenesis of this serious disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Keya Chaudhuri
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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158
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Hawley retainer and lichenoid reaction: a rare case report. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:250. [PMID: 31747943 PMCID: PMC6869280 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) is a type IV cell-mediated immune response in the oral cavity. There is an established relationship between various dental materials and OLR, but few cases reports reported the occurrence of a lichenoid reaction in association with the use of a Hawley retainer. CASE PRESENTATION A female patient (twenty years of age) has been complaining of a reddish painful area on the tongue, which started one year ago and has been increasing in size over time. The patient completed orthodontic treatment two years ago and has been using a Hawley retainer for orthodontic retention since then. After performing histological analysis and patch test, the lesion was diagnosed as a lichenoid reaction to the Hawley retainer. Topical corticosteroids were prescribed, and the patient was asked to stop using the retainer and followed for six months. CONCLUSIONS It is difficult to diagnose lichenoid lesions and even more challenging to differentiate between OLP and OLR, therefore it is essential to do a full intraoral and extraoral examination. OLL can occur in association with Hawley retainer, which we believe could be because it is made of an acrylic based material. Generally, OLL resolves after removal of the cause.
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159
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Seo MH, Myoung H, Lee JH, Kim SM, Lee SK. Changes in oncogenic protein levels in peri-implant oral malignancy: a case report. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 41:46. [PMID: 31763327 PMCID: PMC6838285 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-019-0235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes a group of tumors that exhibit heterogeneous biology, histopathology, and clinical behaviors. Case presentation A 73-year-old male had a whitish leukoplakia-like lesion around inflamed peri-implant area (#42, #43, and #44), and this lesion had transformed to OSCC within 3 years. He underwent mass resection, selective neck dissection, and reconstructive surgery. To detect any carcinogenesis progression, we examined the removed tumor tissue as well as the patient’s preoperative and postoperative sera to identify causative oncogenic proteins using immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Conclusions The protein expression levels of p53, E-cadherin, β-catenin, MMP-10, HER2, NRAS, Met, HER2, and ERb were significantly lower in the serum collected on postoperative day 10 than in the preoperative serum, and if these proteins are consistently not elevated in the serum 3 months after surgery compared with the preoperative serum, these proteins can be potential oncogenic proteins. However, we also found that the serum extracted 3 months after the operation had elevated levels of oncogenic proteins compared with that of the preoperative and 10-day postoperative serum indicating the possibility of tumor recurrence. At postoperative follow-up period, ipsilateral neck metastasis and second primary lesion were found and additional surgery was performed to the patient. IP-HPLC using the patient’s serum shows the possibility of oncogenic protein detection. However, follow-up IP-HPLC data is needed to find out patient-specific prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Seo
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768 South Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768 South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768 South Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768 South Korea
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- 2Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7, Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do South Korea
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160
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Aittiwarapoj A, Juengsomjit R, Kitkumthorn N, Lapthanasupkul P. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Tongue: Clinicopathological Analysis in a Thai Population. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:376-382. [PMID: 31618783 PMCID: PMC6890507 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
Tongue is regarded as one of the common sites of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinicopathological profile of OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) at the tongue.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics of 208 Thai patients diagnosed with SCC and OPMDs at the tongue in the period from 1996 to 2015. Chi-squared test was used to compare differences between patient’s clinical and histopathological features.
Results
Seventy-eight tongue SCC and 130 tongue OPMD cases were present over the study period. Slight male predominance was found for tongue SCC, while a slight female predominance was present for tongue OPMDs. Both tongue SCC and tongue OPMDs were mostly diagnosed in the old age patients (>40 years old). The majority of tongue SCC and OPMDs occurred at the tip and lateral of the tongue. The most common histologic grading of tongue SCC was well differentiated and no poor differentiation was found in this study. More than a half of tongue OPMDs showed epithelial dysplasia. Both tongue SCC and OPMDs demonstrated no significant correlation between clinical feature and histopathologic diagnosis.
Conclusions
Tongue SCC and OPMDs were particularly found in the elderly population and frequently developed at the tip and lateral of the tongue. Most of tongue OPMDs, particularly all of tongue erythroplakia, exhibited epithelial dysplasia. For dental practitioners, awareness in the early detection and diagnosis of these tongue lesions should be raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchisa Aittiwarapoj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rachai Juengsomjit
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puangwan Lapthanasupkul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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161
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Hosmani JV, Pujari VK, Kotrashetti VS, Nayak RS, Babji DV, Patanshetti SM. Comparison of the Efficacy of Sediment Cytology over Oral Brush Cytology in Oral Leukoplakia. Acta Cytol 2019; 64:368-374. [PMID: 31593966 DOI: 10.1159/000503216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A method called sediment cytology includes the investigation of smears arranged from the sediment of the biopsy specimen fixatives. The sediment from this fixative is used to prepare smears and provides a potentially rich source for cytological material. Investigation of the fixative sediment and understanding of the cytological picture with pertinent clinical and radiological information permits diagnosis in a few hours. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of sediment cytology and oral brush cytology compared with histopathological findings in oral leukoplakia (OL) cases. METHODS Cytological smears were obtained from 30 clinically diagnosed OL lesions using 2 techniques: oral cytobrush and 10% formalin fixative sedimentation. Both smears were stained with Papanicolaou. Cytological smear evaluation was conducted with respect to cellularity, cell distribution, cellular clumping, and the presence of blood, debris, inflammatory cells, and microbial colonies. The cytopathological scores for all cases were compared between sediment and brush cytology and correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. For statistical analysis, the κ test and the Wilcoxon matched-pair test were used. RESULTS The cytobrush technique had a sensitivity of 83.3% for OL cases histopathologically diagnosed as severe dysplasia, while the sediment cytology technique had a sensitivity of 16.6%. For moderate/mild dysplasia cases, the cytobrush technique had a sensitivity of 7.7%, whereas the sediment technique showed no diagnostic sensitivity. CONCLUSION Based on the results from the present study, sediment cytology, unlike oral brush cytology, is not a useful screening tool for the preliminary diagnosis of potentially malignant oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish V Hosmani
- Oral Pathology Division, Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Vidya K Pujari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Belgaum, India
| | - Vijayalaxmi S Kotrashetti
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Belgaum, India
| | - Ramakant S Nayak
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Belgaum, India
| | - Deepa V Babji
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Belgaum, India
| | - Smita M Patanshetti
- Department of Oral Pathology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Belgaum, India
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162
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Dineshkumar T, Srikanth P, Nagarathinam AE, Rajkumar K, Priyadharini S, Shruthi TA. Diagnostic Utility of Cytology in Assessment of Ploidy Status in Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3145-3151. [PMID: 31653166 PMCID: PMC6982665 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral leukoplakia, the most common potentially malignant oral disorder (PMOD) may progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although, the current standard of care for assessing its malignant potential remains histological examination and assessing the severity of dysplasia, DNA ploidy analysis has been suggested as a surrogate marker to predict the behaviour of PMODs. OBJECTIVES To detect aneuploidy and to correlate ploidy status with different grades of dysplasia in both tissue and cytology samples to predict the behaviour of these potentially malignant disorders and to assess the diagnostic utility of cytology samples for ploidy analysis. METHODOLOGY After obtaining ethical clearance and consent, tissue and cytology samples of leukoplakia were collected and grouped based on the dysplastic findings into low-risk (n=20) and high-risk (n=20). DNA ploidy analysis was done using high resolution flow cytometry and its diagnostic utility was assessed. RESULTS Diagnostic utility was expressed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV. On comparing the ploidy status of individual cases between tissue and cytology samples, cytology was able to accurately determine the ploidy status in majority of the cases. In the low-risk group, cytology had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and a PPV and NPV of 100% with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Among the high-risk group, cytology had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% with a PPV of 100% and NPV of 83.33% and had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Combining both groups together, it had a sensitivity of 85.71% and specificity of 100% with a PPV of 100% and NPV of 92.31% and had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 94.74%. CONCLUSION Overall, this study showed a positive correlation between cytology and tissue samples and ploidy and grade of dysplasia and cytology proved to be a simple and efficient with a reasonable diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayalan Dineshkumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Prabakar Srikanth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - A E Nagarathinam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnan Rajkumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Shankaran Priyadharini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
| | - T A Shruthi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SRM Dental College and Hospitals, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai, India
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163
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Setién-Olarra A, Marichalar-Mendia X, Fernández-Pacheco JA, Fernández-Barriales-López M, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Aguirre-Urizar JM. Validation of microRNA expression profile in Oral Lichenoid Disease through cytological samples. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e610-e614. [PMID: 31433395 PMCID: PMC6764714 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To validate oral exfoliative cytology in the analysis of the microRNA expression profile in Oral Lichenoid Disease (OLD). Material and Methods The expression of 13 microRNAs identified and presented by our group in a previous study was analyzed in 26 cases, 16 diagnosed as OLD and 10 controls with no oral mucosal pathology. Cytological samples from the oral mucosa obtained using an Orcellex toothbrush were analyzed using RT-qPCR and TaqMan microRNA assays. Results The aberrant expression was validated for 2 microRNAs (miR-146a-5p and miR-7-1-3p) of those previously recognized in the biopsy study. Conclusions This is the first time that oral exfoliative cytology is validated in a study of the alterations of the expression of microRNAs in OLD. The alteration of miR-146a and miR-7 compared to controls was validated. These microRNAs are associated with both inflammatory and carcinogenic phenomena that are involved in the etiopathogenesis of this potentially malignant oral disorder. Key words:microRNAs, lichen planus, epigenetics, cytological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Setién-Olarra
- Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Stomatology II, University of the Basque Country/ EHU, Leioa, 48940 Bizkaia, Spain,
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164
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Srivastava R, Jyoti B, Pradhan D, Siddiqui Z. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis in patients visiting dental OPD of a dental college in Kanpur: A demographic study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2612-2617. [PMID: 31548942 PMCID: PMC6753822 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_465_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is now globally accepted as an Indian disease. It has one of the highest rates of malignant transformation among potentially malignant oral lesions and conditions, therefore, a cause of concern for oral healthcare professionals. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of OSMF among betel nut chewers in different age groups in patients visiting Dental College and Hospital Kanpur city, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 860 patients of OSMF visiting the dental outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Rama Dental College Hospital and research center, Kanpur over a period of 24 months (1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018) were selected for the study. A detailed case history and clinical examination was carried out under visible light. The diagnosis of OSMF was based on difficulty in opening the mouth and associated blanched oral mucosa, with palpable fibrous bands. Other diagnostic features included burning sensation, salivation, tongue protrusion, habits, and associated malignant changes. Study was done on the basis of age group, habit duration, frequency of habit, and type of habit. Simple correlation analysis was performed. Results: Of the 860 cases of OSF studied, 390 (46.42%) cases were stage II, 290 (34.52%) were stage III, 90 (10.73%) stage I, and 70 (8.33%) stage IV. Based upon age group, group III (30--40 years) showed more prevalence than the others. Areca nut (gutkha) was a significant etiological factor (55.8%) as compared with other etiological factors. Conclusion: The high prevalence of OSMF requires significant awareness and management of these lesions among general population. Primary healthcare professionals and dentists should be knowledgeable and familiar with the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Srivastava
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhuvan Jyoti
- Department of Dental Surgery, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Devina Pradhan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Siddiqui
- Department of Orthodontics, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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165
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Cherry KD, Schwarz RA, Yang EC, Vohra IS, Badaoui H, Williams MD, Vigneswaran N, Gillenwater AM, Richards-Kortum R. Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:791-800. [PMID: 31451520 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) must undergo regular clinical surveillance to ensure that any progression to malignancy is detected promptly. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is an optical modality that can assist clinicians in detecting early cancers and high-grade dysplasia. Patients with OPMD undergoing surveillance for the development of oral cancer were examined using AFI at successive clinic visits. Autofluorescence images acquired at 133 clinical visits from sites in 15 patients who met inclusion criteria were analyzed quantitatively using an algorithm to calculate the red-to-green pixel intensity (RG ratio). A quantitative AFI threshold for high risk of progression was defined based on the RG ratio and was compared with expert clinical impression and with histopathology when available. Patients were divided into two groups based on their endpoint: surveillance (n = 6) or surgery (n = 9). In the surveillance group, 0 of 6 (0%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk for progression prior to the study endpoint, whereas 1 of 6 (17%) of patients were deemed at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. In the surgery group, 9 of 9 (100%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk prior to the study endpoint, whereas 8 of 9 (89%) of patients were at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. AFI results tracked over time were comparable with expert clinical impression in these patient groups. AFI has the potential to aid clinicians in noninvasively monitoring oral precancer and evaluating OPMDs that require increased surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric C Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Imran S Vohra
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Hawraa Badaoui
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ann M Gillenwater
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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166
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Shan J, Shen C, Fang J, Li S, Fan Y. Potential roles of the CCL17-CCR4 axis in immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:328-334. [PMID: 31322295 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and its cognate C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) play a key role in T-cell activation and trafficking, but their implication in OLP pathogenesis has not been explored. Our study was designed to analyze the expression and function of the CCL17-CCR4 axis in OLP. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of CCL17 and CCR4 in the circulating T cells of OLP subjects were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of CCL17 and CCR4 in the peripheral blood of OLP subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Simple Western assay, respectively. The functional relevance of increased expression of CCL17 and CCR4 in OLP was demonstrated in proliferation, apoptosis, and migration assays. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of CCL17 and CCR4 in the peripheral blood of patients with OLP were significantly upregulated compared with those of controls. CCL17 induced the migration of OLP T cells. In addition, blocking CCR4 with a small molecule CCR4 antagonist not only inhibited the proliferation and migration of OLP T cells but also promoted the apoptosis of OLP T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the CCL17-CCR4 axis might be responsible for the inflammatory infiltration of T cells in OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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167
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Maymone MB, Greer RO, Kesecker J, Sahitya PC, Burdine LK, Cheng AD, Maymone AC, Vashi NA. Premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions: Clinical and pathological findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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168
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Gadbail AR, Dande R, Sarode SC, Gondivkar S, Belekar L, Mankar-Gadbail M, Sarode GS, Patil S, Yuwanati M. Patients with oral submucous fibrosis who visit dental hospitals have nonspecific chief complaints. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x19858453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The first consultation with a health-care professional is crucial to make the correct diagnosis particularly with respect to narrating the symptoms encountered by the patient. Yet, currently, no information is available concerning the primary symptoms documented by patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Materials and Methods: A total of 158 OSF patients visiting outdoor patient departments (OSF-OPDs) and 104 pan shop customers (PSCs) were investigated. OSF-OPD cases and relevant PSCs cases were investigated to discover the chief complaints (CCs) leading to dental visits. Detailed demographic data, patient histories concerning relevant habits (with duration), and socioeconomic status were recorded. OSF cases were graded based on the degree of mouth opening. Results: Out of 158 OSF-OPD patients, only 43 (26.58%) reported relevant disease symptoms of OSF: in stage III, 28.57%, or stage IV, 38.09%. One hundred and sixteen patients (73.41%) reported CCs unrelated to OSF, and all of these cases were diagnosed with an early stage of OSF (stage I: 47.05% and stage II: 22.5%). Out of the total 104 PSCs, 66 PSCs have had prior dental consultations, but only five (4.80%) individuals had visited a health-care professional due to OSF-related CCs. Conclusion: A significant number of CCs made by OSF patients were unrelated to their disease signs and symptoms. There is a lack of awareness of OSF symptoms by pan chewers, thus hindering early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Ramchandra Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravi Dande
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Shailesh Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalita Belekar
- Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mugdha Mankar-Gadbail
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monal Yuwanati
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, People’s Dental College & Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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169
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MAGE-A expression in oral and laryngeal leukoplakia predicts malignant transformation. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1068-1081. [PMID: 30936424 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukoplakia is a potential precursor of oral as well as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Risk assessment of malignant transformation based on the grade of dysplasia of leukoplakia often does not lead to reliable results. However, oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and leukoplakia express single or multiple members of the melanoma-associated antigens A (MAGE-A) family, while MAGE-A are absent in healthy mucosal tissue. The present study aimed at determining if there is an association between the expression of MAGE-A in leukoplakia and malignant transformation to oral or laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Paraffin-embedded tissues of 205 oral and laryngeal leukoplakia, 90 corresponding tumors, and 40 healthy oral mucosal samples were included in the study. The grade of dysplasia of the leukoplakia samples was determined histopathologically. The leukoplakia samples were divided into lesions that transformed to oral and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 91) and lesions that did not (n = 114) during a 5 years follow-up. The expression of MAGE-A3/6 and MAGE-A4 was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of MAGE-A 1-4, 6, and 12 was determined by immunohistochemistry. A total of 59.3% of the transforming leukoplakia expressed at least one of the examined antigens as opposed to an expression rate of 3.5% of all non-transforming leukoplakia. There was no MAGE-A expression in healthy oral mucosa. The risk of malignant transformation was statistically significantly associated with MAGE-A expression in immunohistochemistry (p < 0.001) and real-time RT-PCR (MAGE-A3/6, p = 0.001; MAGE-A4, p = 0.002) analyses. There was no significant association between MAGE-A expression and the grade of dysplasia ("low-grade", D0/D1; "high-grade", D2/D3) in immunohistochemistry (p = 0.412) and real-time RT-PCR (MAGE-A3/6, p = 0.667; MAGE-A4, p = 0.756). It seems that the analysis of the MAGE-A expression profile may support the identification of leukoplakia at risk for malignant transformation. Therefore, efforts should be made to establish this analysis as a routine procedure in addition to conventional histopathology.
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170
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Farah CS, Dost F, Do L. Usefulness of optical fluorescence imaging in identification and triaging of oral potentially malignant disorders: A study of VELscope in the LESIONS programme. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:581-587. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camile S. Farah
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Fatima Dost
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Loc Do
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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171
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Elkashty OA, Ashry R, Tran SD. Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:395-416. [PMID: 31700218 PMCID: PMC6823822 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arise in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract and are heterogeneous in nature. Risk factors for HNSCCs are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the human papilloma virus. Conventional treatments are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combined modality; however, no international standard mode of therapy exists. In contrast to the conventional model of clonal evolution in tumor development, there is a newly proposed theory based on the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the model for carcinogenesis. This “CSC hypothesis” may explain the high mortality rate, low response to treatments, and tendency to develop multiple tumors for HNSCC patients. We review current knowledge on HNSCC etiology and treatment, with a focus on CSCs, including their origins, identifications, and effects on therapeutic options.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette transporters
- ATC, amplifying transitory cell
- Antineoplastic agents
- BMI-1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1
- Cancer stem cells
- Cancer treatment
- Carcinoma
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- HIFs, hypoxia-inducible factors
- Head and neck cancer
- MDR1, Multidrug Resistance Protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- Squamous cell
- TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramy Ashry
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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172
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Lopez-Jornet P, Zavattaro E, Mozaffari HR, Ramezani M, Sadeghi M. Evaluation of the Salivary Level of Cortisol in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E213. [PMID: 31137861 PMCID: PMC6571959 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Cortisol, as the main human glucocorticoid, is considered to be a biological marker of stress and anxiety. Since it is known that oral lichen planus (OLP) can appear and worsen during stressful events, cortisol levels have been previously studied in OLP patients. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the salivary concentration of cortisol in OLP patients compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched up to October 2018. The RevMan 5.3 software was used with the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CMA 2.0 Software was used to evaluate the publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression as possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: 10 studies were analyzed and a total of 269 OLP patients and 268 controls were included. The pooled MD of the salivary levels of cortisol in OLP patients compared with controls was 4.27 ng/mL (95% CI: 2.33, 6.21; P < 0.0001), thus, the salivary level of cortisol in OLP patients was significantly higher than in controls. In Indian-based population studies, a significant difference in the salivary cortisol levels in OLP patients compared with controls was detected (MD = 5.62 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.67, 8.56; P = 0.0002). In addition, a significant difference in the salivary cortisol levels in the OLP patients compared with the controls was obtained in studies performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (MD = 5.33 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.72, 7.93; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: We suggest that supportive psychological treatment together with the conventional therapy could increase patients' capability to prevent stress, anxiety, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia Universidad de Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Clinica Odontologic Adv Marques Velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elisa Zavattaro
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6713954658, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
| | - Mazaher Ramezani
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran.
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran.
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Sharma U, Singhal P, Bandil K, Patle R, Kumar A, Neyaz K, Bose S, Kumar Dewan A, Mehrotra R, Sharma V, Bharadwaj M. Genetic variations of TLRs and their association with HPV/EBV, co-infection along with nicotine exposure in the development of premalignant/malignant lesions of the oral cavity in Indian population. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 61:38-49. [PMID: 31129425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being most preventable malignancies associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco products, squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common malignancy in India. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in oral pre-cancerous, cancerous cases and their genotypic correlation with HPV/EBV, co-infection & lifestyle habits in Indian population. METHODS The present study was conducted on 300 subjects (100 OSCC, 50 pre-cancer & 150 controls). The amplification of TLRs gene and HPV/EBV co-infection was assessed by Nested PCR, PCR-RFLP and further confirmation by direct sequencing. RESULTS The TLR 9(-1486 T/C), revealed that the TT vs. CT + CC genotype had a ˜5-fold increased risk for the development of pre-cancerous lesions as compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the risk of cancer was extremely pronounced in HPV/EBV, co-infection (p = 0.0141), implicating the possible interaction between TLR 9(-1486T/C) genotype and HPV infection in increasing cancer/pre-cancer risk. The 'G' allele of TLR 4(+896A/G) was also a higher risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions with 4.5 fold and statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The genotypic association of TLR 9(-1486T/C) in OSMF cases showed ˜8 fold increased risk and TLR 4(+896A/G) showed fourteen fold higher risk for leukoplakia (p < 0.0001, OR = 14.000). CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphism of TLR 9(-1486 T/C) and TLR 4(+896A/G) may influence the effects of HPV/EBV, co-infection and play the significant role in development of the disease. The significance of these TLRs seemed to be enhanced by tobacco chewing and smoking habits also, which act as an important etiological risk factor for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pallavi Singhal
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Kapil Bandil
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Rajeshwar Patle
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India; National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausar Neyaz
- Human Diagnostics R & D, DSS Imagetech Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Surojit Bose
- Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dewan
- Department of Surgical Oncology & Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India.
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Aiswarya A, Suresh R, Janardhanan M, Savithri V, Aravind T, Mathew L. An immunohistochemical evaluation of podoplanin expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma to explore its potential to be used as a predictor for malignant transformation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:159. [PMID: 31110440 PMCID: PMC6503797 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_272_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant disorder with increased risk for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Many cases of OSCC arise from the malignant transformation of preexisting OL. However, the risk of progression into OSCC and the possible prediction of malignant potential of OL remain inconclusive. Recent studies have shown that podoplanin, a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein specifically expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, is expressed in various neoplasms including OSCC, indicating its possible biologic role in tumor cells. In this study, an evaluation of podoplanin expression in OL and OSCC has been carried out to assess its potential role as a biomarker to predict the possibility of malignant transformation in OL cases. Aims and Objectives To assess the usefulness of podoplanin as a potential biomarker for predicting the risk of malignant transformation in OL, by comparing its immunohistochemical expression in OL and OSCC. Materials and Methods Archival paraffin-embedded blocks of 25 OL cases with varying grades of dysplasia and 30 OSCC cases showing its varying grades were selected. Sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for podoplanin and compared with the control group for evaluation of results in the three groups. Results A statistically significant increase in podoplanin expression was observed from normal mucosa through OL to OSCC. In the OL cases, the podoplanin staining score progressively increased from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ, whereas in OSCC, well-differentiated group showed the maximum expression of podoplanin. Conclusion The progressive increase in podoplanin expression through the increasing grades of dysplasia in OL is suggestive of an increased risk for malignant transformation with increased expression of podoplanin in OL cases. A high podoplanin expression in the well-differentiated OSCC may indicate a vital role for podoplanin in the early stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aiswarya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suresh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Aravind
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Lisha Mathew
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
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175
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Roy SK, Astekar M, Sapra G, Chitlangia RK, Raj N. Evaluation of candidal species among individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:302. [PMID: 31516244 PMCID: PMC6714276 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_111_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cancer afflicts almost all communities worldwide. Although it arises de novo in many instances, a significant proportion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops from potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). Further, the association of Candida with various potentially malignant and malignant lesions has been reported as a causative agent. AIMS The aim of the study is to evaluate and intercompare the predominant candidal species among individuals with PMD and OSCC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The swab samples were collected for the microbiological culture followed by incisional biopsy for histopathological confirmation. The swab samples were streaked and incubated on Sabouraud-dextrose agar medium and positive candidal colonies were incubated on CHROM agar for speciation. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of clinically diagnosed 95 subjects of which 25 as normal controls, 30 as PMDs and 40 as OSCC were included. The collected swab samples were initially streaked and incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium, and later, only positive candidal colonies were incubated on CHROM agar for speciation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Chi-square test was utilized. RESULTS Positive candidal growth on SDA medium was seen in 24%, 43% and 82% and negative in 76%, 57% and 18% individuals of normal controls, PMDs and OSCC, respectively. On evaluation on Chromagar medium, Candida species was present in 20%, 40% and 77% and absent in 80%, 60% and 23% individuals among controls, PMDs and OSCC group, respectively. On speciation of Candida in CHROMagar among the controls, PMDs and OSCC, Candida albicans species was present in 4 (16%), 7 (23%) and 4 (10%); Candida krusei in 1 (4%), 5 (17%) and 10 (25%); Candida glabrata in nil, nil and 6 (20%) and Candida tropicalis in nil, nil, and 2 (5%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSION There was predominant carriage of candidal species in PMDs and OSCC, but whether Candida has specific establishment in PMDs or in malignancy is still a matter of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Roy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, People's Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Madhusudan Astekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Keshlata Cancer Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Sapra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Keshlata Cancer Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Nitish Raj
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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176
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Ma RJ, Tan YQ, Zhou G. Aberrant IGF1–PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway regulates the local immunity of oral lichen planus. Immunobiology 2019; 224:455-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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177
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Serum and salivary interleukin-4 levels in patients with oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:123-131. [PMID: 31097393 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokines have an important role in keratinocyte immune damage and can act in the pathogenesis of different cutaneous diseases. Accordingly, in the literature, interleukin 4 (IL-4) concentration has been previously investigated in patients affected by oral lichen planus (OLP). STUDY DESIGN The present meta-analysis evaluated the serum and salivary levels of IL-4 in connection with several OLP variants. The search was performed from 1995 in Cochrane Library and 1983 in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science to September 2018. The quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment. The analyses were done by Review Manager 5.3 using mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Out of 108 studies retrieved in the databases, only 10 were included and analyzed in quantitative synthesis. The pooled MD of the serum and salivary IL-4 levels in OLP patients compared with the controls was 6.36 picograms/milliliter (pg/mL) (95% CI: 1.47, 11.24; P = .01) and 2.67 pg/mL (95% CI: 2.66, 2.68; P < .00001), respectively. In addition, the pooled MD of serum and salivary IL-4 level was 1.30 pg/mL (95% CI: -0.35, 2.95; P = .12) and 1.83 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.26, 3.40; P = .02), respectively, in patients with erosive, erythematous, bullous, and ulcerative variants of OLP compared with patients with reticular OLP. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that OLP patients present elevated serum and salivary IL-4 levels, thus indicating that IL-4 may represent a potential salivary biomarker for the disease. By contrast, clinicians must be aware that even other factors (e.g., secondary infection) may influence its concentration.
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178
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Chen J, Wang Y, Du G, Zhang W, Cao T, Shi L, Wang Y, Mi J, Tang G. Down-regulation of miRNA-27b-3p suppresses keratinocytes apoptosis in oral lichen planus. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4326-4337. [PMID: 30973209 PMCID: PMC6533518 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a precancerous lesion with no known cure. Recent studies reported that abnormal regulation of apoptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Next generation sequencing was used to screen the candidate microRNAs and genes in biopsies from patients with OLP and healthy mucosa. Human oral keratinocytes were transfected into the related oligonucleotides of miR‐27b‐3p/cyclophilin D and their control groups. Apoptosis was detected by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling and flow cytometry. The levels of mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative PCR, Western blots, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Luciferase assays were performed to detect the luciferase activities of miR‐27b‐3p and cyclophilin D. Here, we showed that basal epithelium apoptosis was reduced and the miR‐27b‐3p levels were decreased in clinical OLP samples. We also found that down‐regulation of miR‐27b‐3p inhibited epithelial keratinocyte apoptosis by up‐regulating cyclophilin D expression. Moreover, cyclophilin D increased the protein stability of Bcl2 through direct binding, and Bcl2 suppressed caspase9/3 activation and cytochrome C release. Taken together, these data showed that miR‐27b‐3p regulated keratinocyte apoptosis through cyclophilin D/Bcl2 signalling, suggesting the miR‐27b‐3p regulated the pathogenesis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Cao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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179
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Nigam K, Sanyal S, Gupta S, Gupta OP, Mahdi AA, Bhatt MLB. Alteration of the Risk of Oral Pre-Cancer and Cancer in North India Population by CYP1A1 Polymorphism Genotypes and
Haplotype. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:345-354. [PMID: 30803192 PMCID: PMC6897020 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate any association between CYP1A1 (T6235C and C4887A, A4889G) gene polymorphisms and the risk of oral pre-cancer and cancer. Methods: In the present study, 250 patients with oral pre-cancer and/or cancer and 250 healthy controls were genotyped for CYP1A1 T6235C, C4887A and A4889G polymorphisms by the PCR-RFLP method. Results: None of the CYP1A1 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of either oral cancer or pre cancer. Nor were any links with clinical parameters of oral cancer found. However, among the consumers of areca nut/pan masala the TC, CA and AG genotypes respectively for the CYP1A1 T6235C,C4887Aand A4889G polymorphisms were significantly more frequent in controls compared to cases (p values for cases vs. controls of 0.0032, 0.0019 and 0.0009, respectively). Similarly, compared to the haplotype TCA, TAG constituted by CYP1A1 T6235C and C4887A and A4889G was more common in controls (6.88%) than in cases (4.07%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that genotypes regarding CYP1A1 polymorphisms may modulate the risk of oral cancer and pre-cancer among the areca nut/pan masala consumers. The haplotype may also exert an influence in our north Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Nigam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.
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Chen J, Du G, Chang Y, Wang Y, Shi L, Mi J, Tang G. Downregulated miR‐27b promotes keratinocyte proliferation by targeting
PLK
2 in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:326-334. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Department of Oral MedicineShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral MedicineShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationFaculty of Basic MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral MedicineShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral MedicineShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and InflammationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral MedicineShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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181
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Artemisinin and its derivatives: a potential therapeutic approach for oral lichen planus. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:297-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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182
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Gomez-Armayones S, Chimenos-Küstner E, Marí A, Tous S, Penin R, Clavero O, Quirós B, Pavon MA, Taberna M, Alemany L, Servitje O, Mena M. Human papillomavirus in premalignant oral lesions: No evidence of association in a Spanish cohort. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210070. [PMID: 30650110 PMCID: PMC6335078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of a fraction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Although this relation is well-known, it is still not clear the role of HPV in premalignant oral lesions such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and dysplasia. We aimed to evaluate the HPV-DNA prevalence and type distribution in a set of oral biopsies obtained from patients diagnosed with OLP and dysplasia, as well as the role of HPV in these lesions. Methods A retrospective cohort of all premalignant oral lesions consecutively diagnosed from March 30th 1995 to May 21st 2014 at Hospital of Bellvitge and Odontological University Hospital of Bellvitge was identified and classified in four groups: OLP (groups 1 and 2) and dysplasias (groups 3 and 4) that progressed or not to invasive cancer during follow-up. A random selection targeting 25 cases was aimed to be performed for each group. All selected cases were subjected to pathological evaluation, DNA quality control and HPV-DNA detection. HPV-DNA positive samples were further subject to p16INK4a analysis. Results A total of 83 cases yielded a valid HPV-DNA result. From those, 7 and 34 cases were OLP that progressed or not to invasive cancer during follow-up, whereas 24 and 18 cases were displasias that progressed or not to invasive cancer during follow-up, respectively. HPV-DNA was detected in 4 samples (3 dysplastic lesions and 1 OLP). Two samples were HPV16 positive (2%), 1 sample HPV18 positive (1%) and 1 sample (1%) was HPV indeterminate. Two out of four HPV-DNA positive cases had high p16INK4a expression and none of the HPV positive cases progressed to invasive cancer during long-term follow-up. Conclusions We found a low HPV-DNA attributable fraction in premalignant lesions of the oral cavity, suggesting that HPV is unlikely to play a significant role in oral carcinogenesis in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomez-Armayones
- Department of Dermatology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Eduardo Chimenos-Küstner
- Department of Odontostomatology, Odontological University Hospital of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Marí
- Department of Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Tous
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in primary and secondary prevention of viral induced cancers (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Penin
- Department of Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omar Clavero
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in primary and secondary prevention of viral induced cancers (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Quirós
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in primary and secondary prevention of viral induced cancers (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Pavon
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in primary and secondary prevention of viral induced cancers (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Taberna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Servitje
- Department of Dermatology, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Mena
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in primary and secondary prevention of viral induced cancers (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Ghapanchi J, Andisheh-Tadbir A, Torkaman P, Malekzadeh M, Mardani M. Evaluation of the serum levels of galectin-3 in patients with oral lichen planus disease. Oral Dis 2019; 25:466-470. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janan Ghapanchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Pooriya Torkaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Di Prima G, Conigliaro A, De Caro V. Mucoadhesive Polymeric Films to Enhance Barbaloin Penetration Into Buccal Mucosa: a Novel Approach to Chemoprevention. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:18. [PMID: 30603884 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chemoprevention by administering natural supplements is considered an attractive strategy to reverse, suppress, or prevent the evolution of premalignant oral lesions. In particular, Barbaloin exhibits anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, and it results useful in multi-therapy with classic chemotherapeutics. Therefore, in this work, mucoadhesive buccal films, as locoregional drug delivery system able to provide a targeted and efficient therapeutic delivery of Barbaloin, are proposed. Thus, Aloin extract-loaded Eudragit® RL100 or Eudragit® RS100-based buccal films were designed in order to obtain an easily self-administrable formulation capable of promoting Barbaloin penetration into buccal mucosa and assuring high patient compliance. Large amounts of extract (44%) were loaded into the polymer matrix and six formulations were prepared varying polymers and plasticizers ratios. For all formulations, physical form (thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, TGA-DSC), swelling degree, mucoadhesiveness, drug release, and ability to promote drug penetration in mucosa have been investigated. After a sequential selection process, Eudragit RS 100-based film, with low PVP and high plasticizers amounts, emerged as the most promising. It results appropriately flexible, uniform in terms of weight, thickness and drug content, as well as characterized by suitable surface pH, good mucoadhesiveness, and low swelling degree. It displays a Higuchian drug release behavior up to 89% of Barbaloin released, thus demonstrating that diffusion through the matrix is the main release mechanism. Remarkable penetration enhancer properties of film were demonstrated by evidence of Barbaloin accumulation into buccal mucosa up to 10-fold higher than those obtained following administration of Aloin solution.
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185
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Arunachalam SR, Tang KD, Punyadeera C. Isolation and Quantification of MicroRNAs from Human Saliva. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2054:105-114. [PMID: 31482450 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9769-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral premalignant disorders (OPMD) have relatively high malignant transformation rates to Oral Cancers (OC). Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process that originates as epithelial hyperplasia followed by epithelial dysplasia, leading to fully malignant phenotypes. Early detection can be lifesaving but is currently not possible due to the lack of early diagnostic tools. The current diagnostic methods such as biopsy sampling, tumor tissue staining, and imaging techniques require skilled personnel and are invasive, painful, time-consuming, and expensive. Saliva has gained momentum as the diagnostic fluid of the future due to its noninvasive nature, ease of sampling, multiple samples can be collected with ease and more importantly does not require skilled personnel. The use of saliva in cancer diagnostics is an emerging and an expanding field. MicroRNA (miRNA) play a role in cancer initiation and progression and the expression changes of miRNA have been investigated as a potential biomarker in cancer studies. In this chapter, we describe a robust and cost-effective protocol to isolate and enrich miRNA from saliva samples. Profiling miRNAs in saliva samples can form part of the clinical management of OPMD and OC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Ram Arunachalam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Kai Dun Tang
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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186
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Farah CS, Pollaers K, Frydrych A. Management of Premalignant Disease of the Oral Mucosa. HEAD AND NECK CANCER CLINICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2931-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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187
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Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:19-27. [PMID: 31110412 PMCID: PMC6503768 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_13_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than a decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the revised grading system for oral epithelial dysplasia in 2017. The revised classification has changes reflecting our evolution of understanding of the dysplastic process. Although the WHO 2017 three-tier grading system is the gold standard for histological diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders, it has certain limitations. Suggestions to overcome these limitations include the use of clinical determinants and molecular markers to supplement the grading system. It has also been suggested that a two-tier system may be more reproducible and clinically translatable for better management. These advances in the understanding of epithelial dysplasia are very important globally and for us in the Indian subcontinent, given the prevalence of habits (tobacco/areca nut) and burden of oral cancer in this part of the world. The following review traces the evolution of the grading system of dysplasia, its relevance and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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188
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Fang CY, Yu CC, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Lu MY, Lin KC, Wu CZ, Tsai LL. LncRNA LINC00974 activates TGF-β/Smad signaling to promote oral fibrogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 48:151-158. [PMID: 30447113 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive scarring disease and has been considered as a premalignant condition of the oral cavity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of OSF are still unclear. METHOD Here, we examined the expression of a novel long non-coding RNA LINC00974 in OSF and investigated its function role in myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Phenotypic analyses, including collagen gel contraction, migration, invasion and wound healing assays, were used to assess the myofibroblast activities following overexpression or inhibition of LINC00974. RESULTS We found that the expression of LINC00974 in OSF tissues or myofibroblasts was aberrantly upregulated, and there was a positive correlation between LINC00974 and myofibroblast markers. Our results showed that inhibition of LINC00974 suppressed the myofibroblast activities, while overexpression of LINC00974 increased the activation. We demonstrated that the expression levels of α-SMA, α-1 type I collagen, fibronectin were downregulated in the LINC00974-inhibited myofibroblasts. Additionally, the TGF-β secretion and phosphorylated Smad2 expression were also repressed in the LINC00974-inhibited myofibroblasts. We further demonstrated that silence of LINC00974 prevented the arecoline-induced myofibroblast activation, and LINC00974-increased myofibroblast activities were via TGF-β pathway. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings suggested that arecoline-increased myofibroblast transdifferentiation was via LINC00974-mediated activation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Fang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lu
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Lin
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Zong Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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189
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Serum and Salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM Levels in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54060099. [PMID: 30513983 PMCID: PMC6306895 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) are significant anti-inflammatory factors. The meta-analysis aimed to assess the serum and salivary levels of Igs as more important immunoglobulins in patients affected by oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to the healthy controls. Four databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library as well as Iranian databases were checked up to January 2018 without language restriction. The quality of each involved study was done using the Newcastle⁻Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) questionnaire. A random-effects model analysis was done by RevMan 5.3 software applying the mean difference (MD) plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CMA 2.0 software was applied to calculate the publication bias among the studies. Out of 70 studies found in the databases, 8 studies were involved and analyzed in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 282 OLP patients and 221 healthy controls. The pooled MDs of serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM were -0.13 g/L [95% CI: -0.24, -0.02; P = 0.02], 1.01 g/L [95% CI: -0.91, 2.93; P = 0.30], and -0.06 g/L [95% CI: -0.25, 0.14; P = 0.56], respectively; whereas, the salivary IgA and IgG levels were 71.54 mg/L [95% CI: 12.01, 131.07; P = 0.02] and 0.59 mg/L [95% CI: -0.20, 1.38; P = 0.14], respectively. Considering the few studies performed on saliva, the results suggested that the salivary levels, especially IgA level had higher values than the serum levels. Therefore, the salivary immunoglobulins can play a significant function in the OLP pathogenesis.
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190
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Strome A, Kossatz S, Zanoni DK, Rajadhyaksha M, Patel S, Reiner T. Current Practice and Emerging Molecular Imaging Technologies in Oral Cancer Screening. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012118808644. [PMID: 32852263 PMCID: PMC6287312 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118808644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers globally. Survival rates for patients are directly correlated with stage of diagnosis; despite this knowledge, 60% of individuals are presenting with late-stage disease. Currently, the initial evaluation of a questionable lesion is performed by a conventional visual examination with white light. If a lesion is deemed suspicious, a biopsy is taken for diagnosis. However, not all lesions present suspicious under visual white light examination, and there is limited specificity in differentiating between benign and malignant transformations. Several vital dyes, light-based detection systems, and cytology evaluation methods have been formulated to aid in the visualization process, but their lack of specific biomarkers resulted in high false-positive rates and thus limits their reliability as screening and guidance tools. In this review, we will analyze the current methodologies and demonstrate the need for specific intraoral imaging agents to aid in screening and diagnosis to identify patients earlier. Several novel molecular imaging agents will be presented as, by result of their molecular targeting, they aim to have high specificity for tumor pathways and can support in identifying dysplastic/cancerous lesions and guiding visualization of biopsy sites. Imaging agents that are easy to use, inexpensive, noninvasive, and specific can be utilized to increase the number of patients who are screened and monitored in a variety of different environments, with the ultimate goal of increasing early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Strome
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehal Patel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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191
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Stoopler
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Thomas P. Sollecito
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Division of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia
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192
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Suwasini S, Chatterjee K, Purkait SK, Samaddar D, Chatterjee A, Kumar M. Expression of P53 Protein and Ki-67 Antigen in Oral Leukoplakia with Different Histopathological Grades of Epithelial Dysplasia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:513-522. [PMID: 30596042 PMCID: PMC6280575 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_241_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen in normal oral mucosa and oral leukoplakia with different grades of dysplasia using immunohistochemistry and to clarify the correlation of the expression of these cell cycle regulatory proteins. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 archival tissue blocks obtained from our department which were diagnosed as mild (n = 5), moderate (n = 5), and severe dysplasia (n = 5) with normal mucosa (n = 5) as a control. Positivity of Ki-67 and p53 was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 Armonk, NY:IBM Corp) software. Results: All samples showed positive staining for p53 and Ki-67. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was seen between the frequency of occurrence of p53 and Ki-67 pattern of expression among all the groups. The intensity of staining was mild to intense in basal layer as there was a progression toward the severity of the disease. Almost 81.1% correlation existed between p53 and Ki-67 with high correlation and marked relationship. Conclusion: Oral leukoplakia represents the most common oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Molecular biological markers such as p53 and Ki-67 are considered to be of great value in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of OPMD. Our results emphasize the potential use of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen as significant molecular markers for early detection of PMDs and its risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suwasini
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kabita Chatterjee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Swapan Kumar Purkait
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Dipankar Samaddar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ananjan Chatterjee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Madhuresh Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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193
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Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia treated with carbon dioxide laser: a meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:209-221. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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194
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Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:17-22. [PMID: 30391342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral leukoplakia (OLK). METHODS This systematic review aimed to address the following focused question: "Is photodynamic therapy effective in the management of oral leukoplakia?'' PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, OVID, CNKI, and WANFANG DATA were searched up to and including June 2018 using different combinations of the following keywords: photodynamic therapy, leukoplakia, oral dysplasia, oral precancers, and oral premalignant lesions. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the present study. A total of 352 patients was included in this review, with age ranging from 20 to 79 years. Photosensitizers used were aminolevulinic acid, Photofrin, methylene blue, and chlorine-e6. Laser wavelength, duration of irradiation, and power density were 420-660 nm, 60-1000 s, and 100-150 mW/cm2, respectively. On the whole, the rates of complete response and partial response were 32.9% and 43.2%, and the sum was 76.1%. The follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 119 months. The recurrence rate of OLK was 0-60%. CONCLUSION PDT appears to be a useful therapeutic strategy in the management of oral leukoplakia as a non-surgical treatment. Further RCTs with long follow-up period, standardized PDT parameters, and comparing efficacy of PDT with various other therapies are needed to acquire definite conclusions.
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195
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Yang JY, Zhang J, Zhou G. Black pepper and its bioactive constituent piperine: promising therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:5-13. [PMID: 30343451 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease with malignant potential and unclear etiology. The present study suggests that antigen-specific mechanisms in which dentritic cells, T lymphocytes and NF-κB signaling pathway play critical roles, are involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Additionally, it has been indicated that altered expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and imbalanced oxidant-antioxidant status as well as psychological issue may act as promoters to the development of OLP. Therapies for OLP are primarily aimed to control symptoms and a specific cure is not yet available. Black pepper and its principle bioactive compound piperine have been reported to possess remarkable pharmacological activities. Not only has piperine been evidenced to exhibit repressive effects on the maturation of dentritic cells, the proliferation, activation and function of T lymphocytes as well as the NF-κB signaling pathway, but also to suppress the overproduction of COX-2 and weaken the oxidative stress. Furthermore, piperine might be a possible agent for alleviating psychological disorders and preventing carcinogenesis. Given all these into consideration, piperine may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ya Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HubeiMOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HubeiMOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (HubeiMOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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196
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Chen YT, Wang YH, Yu HC, Yu CH, Chang YC. Time trend in the prevalence of oral lichen planus based on Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database 1996-2013. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:274-280. [PMID: 30895132 PMCID: PMC6388843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a T cell-mediated immune response against epithelial cells. The epidemiological survey of OLP in Taiwanese population was scarce. In this study, we investigated the time trend of prevalence stratified by gender, age, urbanization, and income of OLP based on National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the claims data of Taiwanese population from NHIRD 1996 to 2013. Patients with the diagnosis of OLP based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code: 697.0 were recruited in this study. Demographic characteristics were analyzed by multi-variate Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of OLP increased significantly from 1.3 (per 105) in 1996 to 12.8 (per 105) in 2013 (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence was higher among female than male (RR: 2.13; 95% CI: 2.07-2.18, p < 0.001). The subjects living in suburban area had a lower risk of OLP than those living in urban area (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.78-0.82, p < 0.001). The higher income group had higher risk of OLP compared with the lower income group (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.17-2.36, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of OLP in Taiwan significantly increased over the past 18 years. The mean age with OLP was shown in an increased pattern. In addition, OLP occurs more frequently in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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197
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Hassona Y, Sawair F, Matarweh D, Abdalhamid A, Thweib D, Scully C. Oral Cancer Early Detection: What Do Patients Need To Know? JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:865-869. [PMID: 28220285 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the educational needs of patients regarding early detection of oral cancer. A total of 790 patients without cancer were interviewed and shown a set of validated clinical images of various oral lesions including early oral cancer. Participants were asked about their perception of cancer and the action that they would take if they notice a similar lesion. Lower risk lesions (e.g., lumps) were more likely to be perceived as cancer (52.4%), while higher risk lesions (e.g., red patches) were least likely to be perceived as cancer (8.8%). The perceived appearance of the lesions was correlated with patients' perceived need for medical advice. Higher risk lesions were less likely to make patients feel the need to seek professional advice. High-risk patients were less aware about oral cancer appearance and were less likely to take action if they notice an oral lesion. Patients are not aware of the various presentations of early oral cancers, especially higher risk lesions. Patients need to know more about the clinical appearance of early oral cancer. The use of representative clinical images of early oral cancer and educational videos on self-inspection of oral mucosa is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Hassona
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan.
| | - F Sawair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - D Matarweh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - A Abdalhamid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - D Thweib
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Po-Box: 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - C Scully
- University College London, London, UK
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198
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Decsi G, Soki J, Pap B, Dobra G, Harmati M, Kormondi S, Pankotai T, Braunitzer G, Minarovits J, Sonkodi I, Urban E, Nemeth IB, Nagy K, Buzas K. Chicken or the Egg: Microbial Alterations in Biopsy Samples of Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1023-1033. [PMID: 30054809 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis often leads to the alteration of the microbiota at the site of the tumor, but data are scarce regarding the microbial communities of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Punch biopsies were taken from healthy and non-healthy mucosa of OPMD patients to analyze the microbiome using metagenome sequencing. In healthy oral mucosa biopsies the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were detected by Ion Torrent sequencing. The same phyla as well as the phyla Fibrobacteres and Spirochaetes were present in the OPMD biopsies. On the species level, there were 10 bacterial species unique to the healthy tissue and 35 species unique to the OPMD lesions whereas eight species were detected in both samples. We observed that the relative abundance of Streptococcus mitis decreased in the OPMD lesions compared to the uninvolved tissue. In contrast, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, implicated in carcinogenesis, was elevated in OPMD. We detected markedly increased bacterial diversity in the OPMD lesions compared to the healthy oral mucosa. The ratio of S. mitis and F. nucleatum are characteristically altered in the OPMD lesions compared to the healthy mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Decsi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Soki
- Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Clinical Centre, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Dobra
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Maria Harmati
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Sandor Kormondi
- Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Clinical Centre, Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Janos Minarovits
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Istvan Sonkodi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Edit Urban
- Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Clinical Centre, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Istvan Balazs Nemeth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Buzas
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvari krt. 62, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary. .,Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
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199
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Diagnóstico precoz y prevención en cáncer de cavidad oral. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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200
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Meinhövel F, Stange R, Schnauß J, Sauer M, Käs JA, Remmerbach TW. Changing cell mechanics—a precondition for malignant transformation of oral squamous carcinoma cells. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aac72d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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