151
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Parr DG, Lara B. Clinical utility of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor in the management of adult patients with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a review of the current literature. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2149-2162. [PMID: 28769553 PMCID: PMC5529111 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) functions primarily to inhibit neutrophil elastase, and its deficiency predisposes individuals to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The putative protective serum concentration is generally considered to be above a threshold of 11 μM/L, and therapeutic augmentation of AAT above this value is believed to retard the progression of emphysema. Several AAT preparations, all derived from human donor plasma, have been commercialized since approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1987. Biochemical efficacy has been demonstrated by augmentation of pulmonary antiprotease activity, but demonstration of clinical efficacy in randomized, placebo-controlled trials has been hampered by the practical difficulties of performing conventional studies in a rare disease with a relatively long natural history. Computed tomography has been applied to measure lung density as a more specific and sensitive surrogate outcome measure of emphysema than physiologic indices, such as forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and studies consistently show a therapeutic reduction in the rate of lung density decline. However, convincing evidence of benefit using traditional clinical measures remains elusive. Intravenous administration of AAT at a dose of 60 mg/kg/week is the commonest regime in use and has well-documented safety and tolerability. International and national guidelines on the management of AAT deficiency recommend intravenous augmentation therapy to supplement optimized usual COPD treatment in patients with severe deficiency and evidence of lung function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Parr
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cardio-Respiratory Division, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cardio-Respiratory Division, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK
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152
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Chen X, Li K, Yip R, Perumalswami P, Branch AD, Lewis S, Del Bello D, Becker BJ, Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Hepatic steatosis in participants in a program of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer. Eur J Radiol 2017; 94:174-179. [PMID: 28712697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the frequency of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis (HS) in asymptomatic participants in a low-dose CT (LDCT) screening program for lung cancer, to identify risk factors, and develop recommendations. METHODS Baseline LDCT scans of the chest of 170 participants in an IRB-approved study between August 2011 and April 2016 were reviewed. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and liver function tests were documented. Hepatic and splenic attenuation values hounsfield unit (HU) were measured. Regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Average liver attenuation was 57.6HU (standard deviation (SD) 9.3) and average liver/spleen (L/S) ratio was 1.3 (SD 0.3). Liver attenuation was <40HU for 9 (5.3%), liver/spleen (L/S) ratio <0.8 for 6 (3.5%), and either <40HU or L/S ratio <0.8 for 9 (5.3%). Male sex (p=0.004), diabetes (p=0.0005), emphysema (p=0.03), and high BMI (p=0.0006) were significant predictors of HS. Aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.0018) and alanine aminotransferase (p=0.012) were negatively correlated with liver attenuation. Reduced serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin may be a common factor of emphysema and HS. CONCLUSION LDCT can detect HS in asymptomatic participants with frequencies similar to previous reports. If liver attenuation is below 40HU and/or L/S ratio below 0.8, further evaluation of HS to the primary care physician or liver specialist is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, China.
| | - Kunwei Li
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Radiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Rowena Yip
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Ponni Perumalswami
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Andrea D Branch
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - David Del Bello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Betsy J Becker
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, United States.
| | - David F Yankelevitz
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Claudia I Henschke
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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153
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Rahaghi FF, Miravitlles M. Long-term clinical outcomes following treatment with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor for COPD associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a look at the evidence. Respir Res 2017; 18:105. [PMID: 28558837 PMCID: PMC5450185 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, which encodes alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT; also known as alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, A1-PI). An important function of A1-PI in the lung is to inhibit neutrophil elastase, one of various proteolytic enzymes released by activated neutrophils during inflammation. Absence or deficiency of A1-PI leads to an imbalance between elastase and anti-elastase activity, which results in progressive, irreversible destruction of lung tissue, and ultimately the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with early-onset emphysema. AATD is under-diagnosed, patients can experience long delays before obtaining an accurate diagnosis, and the consequences of delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis can be severe. Currently, A1-PI therapy is the only available treatment that addresses disease etiology in patients with AATD; however, demonstrating clinical efficacy of A1-PI therapy is challenging. In order to show therapeutic efficacy with traditional endpoints such as forced expiratory volume in one second and mortality, large sample sizes and longer duration trials are required. However, AATD is a rare, slow progressive disease, which can take decades to manifest clinically and recruiting sufficient numbers of patients into prolonged placebo-controlled trials remains a significant obstacle. Despite this, the Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation therapy in Alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor Deficiency (RAPID) and RAPID Extension trial, the largest clinical program completed to date, utilized quantitative chest computed tomography as a sensitive and specific measure of the extent of emphysema. Findings from the RAPID/RAPID Extension program definitively confirmed the benefits of A1-PI therapy in slowing disease progression and provided evidence of a disease-modifying effect of A1-PI therapy in patients with AATD. These findings suggest that the early introduction of treatment in patients with severe emphysema-related AATD may delay the time to death, lung transplantation or crippling respiratory complaints. In addition, there is now limited evidence that A1-PI therapy provides a gain of more than five life-years, supporting previous observations based on registry data. With the clinical efficacy of A1-PI therapy now demonstrated, further studies are required to assess long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck F Rahaghi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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154
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Akbar MA, Nardo D, Chen MJ, Elshikha AS, Ahamed R, Elsayed EM, Bigot C, Holliday LS, Song S. Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and functions. Mol Med 2017; 23:57-69. [PMID: 28332697 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. We previously showed that treatment with alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory properties, mitigated bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of AAT on bone tissue are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of AAT on osteoclast formation and function in vitro. Our results showed that AAT dose-dependently inhibited the formation of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) induced osteoclasts derived from mouse bone marrow macrophages/monocyte (BMM) lineage cells and the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. In order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying this inhibition, we tested the effect of AAT on the gene expression of cell surface molecules, transcription factors, and cytokines associated with osteoclast formation. We showed that AAT inhibited M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor) induced cell surface RANK expression in osteoclast precursor cells. In addition, AAT inhibited RANKL-induced TNF-α production, cell surface CD9 expression, and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) gene expression. Importantly, AAT treatment significantly inhibited osteoclast-associated mineral resorption. Together, these results uncovered new mechanisms for the protective effects of AAT and strongly support the notion that AAT has therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahsanul Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David Nardo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mong-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed S Elshikha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rubina Ahamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eslam M Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Claire Bigot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lexie Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sihong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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155
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Hazari YM, Bashir A, Habib M, Bashir S, Habib H, Qasim MA, Shah NN, Haq E, Teckman J, Fazili KM. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: Genetic variations, clinical manifestations and therapeutic interventions. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:14-25. [PMID: 28927525 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is an acute phase secretory glycoprotein that inhibits neutrophil proteases like elastase and is considered as the archetype of a family of structurally related serine-protease inhibitors termed serpins. Serum AAT predominantly originates from liver and increases three to five fold during host response to tissue injury and inflammation. The AAT deficiency is unique among the protein-misfolding diseases in that it causes target organ injury by both loss-of-function and gain-of-toxic function mechanisms. Lack of its antiprotease activity is associated with premature development of pulmonary emphysema and loss-of-function due to accumulation of resultant aggregates in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This' in turn' markedly reduces the amount of AAT that is available to protect lungs against proteolytic attack by the enzyme neutrophil elastase. The coalescence of AAT deficiency, its reduced efficacy, and cigarette smoking or poor ventilation conditions have devastating effect on lung function. On the other hand, the accumulation of retained mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes in a polymerized form rather than secreted into the blood in its monomeric form is associated with chronic liver disease and predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by gain- of- toxic function. Liver injury resulting from this gain-of-toxic function mechanism in which mutant AAT retained in the ER initiates a series of pathologic events, eventually culminating at liver cirrhosis and HCC. Here in this review, we underline the structural, genetic, polymorphic, biochemical and pathological advances made in the field of AAT deficiency and further comprehensively emphasize on the therapeutic interventions available for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arif Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mudasir Habib
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Samirul Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Huma Habib
- The Islamia College of Science & Commerce, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - M Abul Qasim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Naveed Nazir Shah
- Department of Chest Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jeffrey Teckman
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khalid Majid Fazili
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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156
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New process for purifying high purity α1-antitrypsin from Cohn Fraction IV by chromatography: A promising method for the better utilization of plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:156-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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157
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Li W, Wang Q, Li S, Jiang A, Sun W. Molecular cloning, genomic structure, polymorphism analysis and recombinant expression of a α1-antitrypsin like gene from swamp eel, Monopterus albus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:124-138. [PMID: 28108341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a highly polymorphic glycoprotein antiprotease, involved in the regulation of human immune response. Beyond some genomic characterization and a few protein characterizations, the function of teleost AAT remains uncertain. In this study we cloned an AAT-like gene from a swamp eel liver identifying four exons and three introns, and the full-length cDNA. The elucidated swamp eel AAT amino acid sequence showed high homology with known AATs from other teleosts. The swamp eel AAT was examined both in ten healthy tissues and in four bacterially-stimulated tissues resulting in up-regulation of swamp eel AAT at different times. Swamp eel AAT transcripts were ubiquitously but unevenly expressed in ten tissues. Further, the mature peptide sequence of swamp eel AAT was subcloned and transformed into E. coli with the recombinant proteins successfully inhibiting bovine trypsin activity. Analysis of recombinant AAT showed equimolar formation of irreversible complexes with proteinases, high stability at pH 7.0-10.0 and temperatures below 55 °C. Serum AAT protein level significantly increased in response to inflammation with AAT anti-sera, and, NF-κB, apolipoprotein A1 and transferrin gene expression were dramatically decreased over 72 h post recombinant AAT injection. Lastly, examination of swamp eel AAT allelic polymorphism identified all alleles in both healthy and diseased stock except allele*g, found only in diseased stock, but without statistical difference between the distribution frequency of allele*g in the two stocks. These results are crucial to our ongoing study of the role of teleost AAT in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, PR China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Quanhe Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Ao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, PR China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China.
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158
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Taggart C, Mall MA, Lalmanach G, Cataldo D, Ludwig A, Janciauskiene S, Heath N, Meiners S, Overall CM, Schultz C, Turk B, Borensztajn KS. Protean proteases: at the cutting edge of lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/2/1501200. [PMID: 28179435 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01200-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteases were traditionally viewed as mere protein-degrading enzymes with a very restricted spectrum of substrates. A major expansion in protease research has uncovered a variety of novel substrates, and it is now evident that proteases are critical pleiotropic actors orchestrating pathophysiological processes. Recent findings evidenced that the net proteolytic activity also relies upon interconnections between different protease and protease inhibitor families in the protease web.In this review, we provide an overview of these novel concepts with a particular focus on pulmonary pathophysiology. We describe the emerging roles of several protease families including cysteine and serine proteases.The complexity of the protease web is exemplified in the light of multidimensional regulation of serine protease activity by matrix metalloproteases through cognate serine protease inhibitor processing. Finally, we will highlight how deregulated protease activity during pulmonary pathogenesis may be exploited for diagnosis/prognosis purposes, and utilised as a therapeutic tool using nanotechnologies.Considering proteases as part of an integrative biology perspective may pave the way for the development of new therapeutic targets to treat pulmonary diseases related to intrinsic protease deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research group (AiiR), Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Dept of Translational Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM UMR1100 Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe: Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumors and Development and Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Inflammation Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, a member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Heath
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, Dept of Oral Biological and Medical Research University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Turk
- Dept of Biochemistry & Molecular & Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Keren S Borensztajn
- INSERM UMR _S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France .,INSERM UMR1152 Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine - site Bichat, Paris, France
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159
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Al-Jameil N, Hassan AA, Buhairan A, Hassanato R, Isac SR, Al-Otaiby M, Al-Maarik B, Al-Ajeyan I. Genotyping diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in Saudi adults with liver cirrhosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6071. [PMID: 28178162 PMCID: PMC5313019 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute phase protein alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is mainly produced in liver cells. AAT deficiency affects the lungs and liver. We conducted a case-control study to define a valuable method for the proper diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), as well as the association of liver cirrhosis with AATD in Saudi adults.Blood samples from 300 liver cirrhosis patients and 400 controls were analyzed according to serum AAT concentration, phenotyping, and genotyping. Nephelometry was used for AAT quantification, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis was used for phenotyping detection, and real-time PCR was used for genotyping to determine the Z and S deficiency alleles.This study highlights the accuracy of using genotyping in addition to AAT quantification, since this technique has proven to be successful in the diagnosis of AATD for 100% of our cases. A significant deviation in AAT genotypes frequencies from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the adult cirrhosis group occurred due to a higher observed frequency than expected for the Pi ZZ homozygous genotype.Pi ZZ in adults may be considered as the risk factor for liver cirrhosis. However, we could not establish this relationship for heterozygous AATD genotypes (such as Pi MZ and Pi SZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Al-Jameil
- Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratories Department, King Saud University
| | - Amina A. Hassan
- Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratories Department, King Saud University
| | - Ahlam Buhairan
- Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratories Department, King Saud University
| | | | - Sree R. Isac
- Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratories Department, King Saud University
| | | | - Basmah Al-Maarik
- Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratories Department, King Saud University
| | - Iman Al-Ajeyan
- Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratories Department, King Saud University
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160
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Zhang H, Fei R, Xue B, Yu S, Zhang Z, Zhong S, Gao Y, Zhou X. Pnserpin: A Novel Serine Protease Inhibitor from Extremophile Pyrobaculum neutrophilum. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010113. [PMID: 28067849 PMCID: PMC5297747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are native inhibitors of serine proteases, constituting a large protein family with members spread over eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, only very few prokaryotic serpins, especially from extremophiles, have been characterized to date. In this study, Pnserpin, a putative serine protease inhibitor from the thermophile Pyrobaculum neutrophilum, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli for purification and characterization. It irreversibly inhibits chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, elastase-, and subtilisin-like proteases in a temperature range from 20 to 100 °C in a concentration-dependent manner. The stoichiometry of inhibition (SI) of Pnserpin for proteases decreases as the temperature increases, indicating that the inhibitory activity of Pnserpin increases with the temperature. SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) showed that Pnserpin inhibits proteases by forming a SDS-resistant covalent complex. Homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulations predicted that Pnserpin can form a stable common serpin fold. Results of the present work will help in understanding the structural and functional characteristics of thermophilic serpin and will broaden the current knowledge about serpins from extremophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Rui Fei
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Baigong Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zuoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuanqi Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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161
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Greulich T, Nell C, Hohmann D, Grebe M, Janciauskiene S, Koczulla AR, Vogelmeier CF. The prevalence of diagnosed α1-antitrypsin deficiency and its comorbidities: results from a large population-based database. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:13993003.00154-2016. [PMID: 27824593 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00154-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetically determined disorder that is associated with different clinical manifestations. We aimed to assess the prevalence of diagnosed AATD and its comorbidities using a large healthcare database.In this retrospective longitudinal observational study, we analysed data from 4 million insurants. Using International Classification of Diseases revision 10 (ICD-10) codes, we assessed the prevalence, comorbidities and healthcare utilisation of AATD patients (E88.0 repeatedly coded) relative to non-AATD patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema or asthma.In our study population, we identified 673 AATD patients (590 aged ≥30 years), corresponding to a prevalence of 23.73 per 100 000 in all age groups and 29.36 per 100 000 in those ≥30 years. Based on the number of AATD cases detected in the sample size (673 out of 2 836 585), we extrapolated that there were 19 162 AATD cases in Germany during the years studied. AATD patients had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease and diabetes relative to non-AATD asthma or emphysema patients. When compared to non-AATD COPD patients, AATD patients had significantly more consultations and more frequent and longer hospitalisations.Our data strengthen the assumption that AATD is associated with a variety of other diseases. Healthcare utilisation appears to be higher among AATD patients as compared to patients with non-AATD-related obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Greulich
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nell
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Grebe
- Grifols Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Rembert Koczulla
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus Franz Vogelmeier
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Esquinas C, Janciauskiene S, Gonzalo R, Mas de Xaxars G, Olejnicka B, Belmonte I, Barrecheguren M, Rodriguez E, Nuñez A, Rodriguez-Frias F, Miravitlles M. Gene and miRNA expression profiles in PBMCs from patients with severe and mild emphysema and PiZZ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3381-3390. [PMID: 29238183 PMCID: PMC5713702 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s145445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COPD has complex etiologies involving both genetic and environmental determinants. Among genetic determinants, the most recognized is a severe PiZZ (Glu342Lys) inherited alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). Nonetheless, AATD patients present a heterogeneous clinical evolution, which has not been completely explained by sociodemographic or clinical factors. Here we performed the gene expression profiling of blood cells collected from mild and severe COPD patients with PiZZ AATD. Our aim was to identify differences in messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) expressions that may be associated with disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 COPD patients with PiZZ AATD (6 with severe disease and 6 with mild disease) were used in this pilot, high-throughput microarray study. We compared the cellular expression levels of RNA and miRNA of the 2 groups, and performed functional and enrichment analyses using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene-ontology (GO) terms. We also integrated the miRNA and the differentially expressed putative target mRNA. For data analyses, we used the R statistical language R Studio (version 3.2.5). RESULTS The severe and mild COPD-AATD groups were similar in terms of age, gender, exacerbations, comorbidities, and use of augmentation therapy. In severe COPD-AATD patients, we found 205 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (114 upregulated and 91 downregulated) and 28 miRNA (20 upregulated and 8 downregulated) compared to patients with mild COPD-AATD disease. Of these, hsa-miR-335-5p was downregulated and 12 target genes were involved in cytokine signaling, MAPK/mk2, JNK signaling cascades, and angiogenesis were much more highly expressed in severe compared with mild patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small sample size, we identified downregulated miRNA (hsa-miR-335) and the activation of pathways related to inflammation and angiogenesis on comparing patients with severe vs mild COPD-AATD. Nonetheless, our findings warrant further validation in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Esquinas
- Pneumology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona
- Public Health, Mental, Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, BREATH, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ricardo Gonzalo
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (UEB), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mas de Xaxars
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (UEB), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beata Olejnicka
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irene Belmonte
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Barrecheguren
- Pneumology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Pneumology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona
| | - Alexa Nuñez
- Pneumology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona
| | | | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona
- Correspondence: Marc Miravitlles, Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, P Vall d’Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain, Tel +34 93 274 6157, Fax +34 93 274 6083, Email
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Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disorder characterized by low serum levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). Loss of AAT disrupts the protease-antiprotease balance in the lungs, allowing proteases, specifically neutrophil elastase, to act uninhibited and destroy lung matrix and alveolar structures. Destruction of these lung structures classically leads to an increased risk of developing emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially in individuals with a smoking history. It is estimated that 3.4 million people worldwide have AATD. However, AATD is considered to be significantly underdiagnosed and underrecognized by clinicians. Contributing factors to the diagnostic delay of approximately 5.6 years are: inadequate awareness by healthcare providers, failure to implement recommendations from the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society, and the belief that AATD testing is not warranted. Diagnosis can be attained using qualitative or quantitative laboratory testing. The only FDA approved treatment for AATD is augmentation therapy, although classically symptoms have been treated similarly to those of COPD. Future goals of AATD treatment are to use gene therapy using vector systems to produce therapeutic levels of AAT in the lungs without causing a systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalfopoulos
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Wetmore
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Mai K ElMallah
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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164
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Choroidal Detachment by Vitreous iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122052. [PMID: 27941623 PMCID: PMC5187852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) is a complicated and serious type of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). In this study, we identified differentially expressed proteins in the vitreous humors of RRDCD and RRD using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ion trap-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS) and bioinformatic analysis. Our result shows that 103 differentially expressed proteins, including 54 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated proteins were identified in RRDCD. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested that most of the differentially expressed proteins were extracellular.The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades were significantly enriched. iTRAQ-based proteomic profiling reveals that complement and coagulation cascades and inflammation may play important roles in the pathogenesis of RRDCD. This study may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of RRDCD and offer potential opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of RRDCD.
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165
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Henao MP, Craig TJ. Recent advances in understanding and treating COPD related to α 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:1281-1294. [PMID: 27771979 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1249851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an orphan disease that predisposes individuals to COPD and liver disease. The following is a comprehensive review of AATD from epidemiology to treatment for physicians who treat COPD or asthma. Areas covered: In this comprehensive review of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, we describe the historical perspective, genetics, epidemiology, clinical presentation and symptoms, screening and diagnosis, and treatments of the condition. Expert commentary: The two most important directions for advancing the understanding of AATD involve improving detection of the condition, especially in asymptomatic patients, and advancing knowledge of treatments directed specifically at AATD-related conditions. With regard to treatment for AATD-related conditions, research must continue to explore the implications and importance of augmentation therapy as well as consider new implementations that may prove more successful taking into consideration not only factors of pulmonary function and liver health, but also product availability and financial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Henao
- a Department of Medicine , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine at Hershey Medical Center , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Timothy J Craig
- b Department of Medicine , Pediatrics Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine at Hershey Medical Center , Hershey , PA , USA
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166
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Akbar MA, Lu Y, Elshikha AS, Chen MJ, Yuan Y, Whitley EM, Holliday LS, Chang LJ, Song S. Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (ATMSC) Expressing Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Osteoporosis Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:179-189. [PMID: 27802778 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common health problem severely affecting the quality of life of many people, especially women. Current treatment options for osteoporosis are limited due to their association with several side-effects and moderate efficacy. Therefore, novel therapies for osteoporosis are needed. This study tested the feasibility of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ATMSC)-based human alpha-1 antitrypsin (hAAT, SERPINA1) gene therapy for the prevention of bone loss in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. Eight-week-old female C57BL6 mice underwent ovariectomy and were treated with hAAT (protein therapy), ATMSC (stem-cell therapy), ATMSC + hAAT (combination of ATMSC and hAAT therapy), and ATMSCs infected with lentiviral vectors expressing hAAT (ATMSC-based hAAT gene therapy). The study showed that lenti-hAAT vector-infected ATMSCs (ATMSC-LV-hAAT) produced high levels of hAAT. Transplantation of these cells significantly decreased OVX-induced serum levels of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 beta, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B gene expression levels in bone tissue. Immunohistological analysis revealed that transplanted cells migrated to the bone tissue and secreted hAAT. Importantly, bone microstructure analysis by microcomputerized tomography showed that this treatment significantly protected against OVX-induced bone loss. The results suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ahmed S Elshikha
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mong-Jen Chen
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ye Yuan
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - L Shannon Holliday
- 4 Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lung-Ji Chang
- 5 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sihong Song
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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167
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Dratwa-Chałupnik A, Ożgo M, Lepczyński A, Herosimczyk A, Michałek K. Excessive amount of lactose in the diet of two-week-old calves induces
urinary protein changes. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-417-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The present paper was undertaken to analyse and identify urinary proteins that were significantly altered in urine of calves in response to short-term administration of milk replacer with lactose addition. We used 2-D electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation and time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Of all spots analysed, four showed significantly decreased abundance: alpha-1-antiproteinase (A1AT), serotransferrin (TF), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). One displayed an increased abundance: adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate synthase. The changes in abundance of SHBG and CYP2E1 proteins were caused by the direct effect of an oversupply of sugar, while A1AT, TF and ATP-citrate synthase showed altered abundance probably due to indirect effects. The results of this study confirmed that calves' urine is a very precious biological material to evaluate the renal function, and it may be valuable in veterinary and zootechnical diagnostics.
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168
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Aggarwal N, Korenbaum E, Mahadeva R, Immenschuh S, Grau V, Dinarello CA, Welte T, Janciauskiene S. α-Linoleic acid enhances the capacity of α-1 antitrypsin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced IL-1β in human blood neutrophils. Mol Med 2016; 22:680-693. [PMID: 27452044 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT, SERPINA1), a major circulating inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase-3 (PR3), has been proposed to reduce the processing and release of IL-1β. Since the anti-inflammatory properties of A1AT are influenced by the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, we compared effects of fatty acid-free (A1AT-0) and α-linoleic acid bound (A1AT-LA) forms of A1AT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of IL-1β precursor and the release of IL-1β from human blood neutrophils. The presence of A1AT-LA or A1AT-0 significantly reduced LPS induced release of mature IL-1β. However, only A1AT-LA reduced both steady state mRNA levels of IL-1β and the secretion of mature IL-1β. In LPS-stimulated neutrophils, mRNA levels of TLR2/4, NFKBIA, P2RX7, NLRP3, and CASP1 decreased significantly in the presence of A1AT-LA but not A1AT-0. A1AT-0 and A1AT-LA did not inhibit the direct enzymatic activity of caspase-1, but we observed complexes of either form of A1AT with NE and PR3. Consistent with the effect on TLR and IL-1β gene expression, only A1AT-LA inhibited LPS-induced gene expression of NE and PR3. Increased gene expression of PPAR-γ was observed in A1AT-LA treated neutrophils without of LPS stimulation, and the selective PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662) prevented the reduction in IL-1β by A1AT-LA. We conclude from our data, that the ability of A1AT to reduce TLR and IL-1β gene expression depends on its association with LA. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of A1AT-LA are likely to be mediated by the activation of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Aggarwal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Korenbaum
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ravi Mahadeva
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Grau
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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169
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Di Francesco A, Di Germanio C, Panda AC, Huynh P, Peaden R, Navas-Enamorado I, Bastian P, Lehrmann E, Diaz-Ruiz A, Ross D, Siegel D, Martindale JL, Bernier M, Gorospe M, Abdelmohsen K, de Cabo R. Novel RNA-binding activity of NQO1 promotes SERPINA1 mRNA translation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:225-233. [PMID: 27515817 PMCID: PMC5107118 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) is essential for cell defense against reactive oxidative species, cancer, and metabolic stress. Recently, NQO1 was found in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, but NQO1-interacting mRNAs and the functional impact of such interactions are not known. Here, we used ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and microarray analysis to identify comprehensively the subset of NQO1 target mRNAs in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. One of its main targets, SERPINA1 mRNA, encodes the serine protease inhibitor α-1-antitrypsin, A1AT, which is associated with disorders including obesity-related metabolic inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biotin pulldown analysis indicated that NQO1 can bind the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and the coding region (CR) of SERPINA1 mRNA. NQO1 did not affect SERPINA1 mRNA levels; instead, it enhanced the translation of SERPINA1 mRNA, as NQO1 silencing decreased the size of polysomes forming on SERPINA1 mRNA and lowered the abundance of A1AT. Luciferase reporter analysis further indicated that NQO1 regulates SERPINA1 mRNA translation through the SERPINA1 3'UTR. Accordingly, NQO1-KO mice had reduced hepatic and serum levels of A1AT and increased activity of neutrophil elastase (NE), one of the main targets of A1AT. We propose that this novel mechanism of action of NQO1 as an RNA-binding protein may help to explain its pleiotropic biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Francesco
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- RNA Regulation Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Phu Huynh
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert Peaden
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ignacio Navas-Enamorado
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Paul Bastian
- RNA Regulation Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- RNA Regulation Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Ross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12858 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12858 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- RNA Regulation Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- RNA Regulation Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- RNA Regulation Section, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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170
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Pan Z, Yu H, Liao JL. Probing Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Immune Response in the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Multiscale Network Modeling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163192. [PMID: 27669518 PMCID: PMC5036797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive destruction of lung tissues and airway obstruction. COPD is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide and there is no curative treatment available so far. Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major risk factor for COPD. Yet, only a relatively small percentage of smokers develop the disease, showing that disease susceptibility varies significantly among smokers. As smoking cessation can prevent the disease in some smokers, quitting smoking cannot halt the progression of COPD in others. Despite extensive research efforts, cellular and molecular mechanisms of COPD remain elusive. In particular, the disease susceptibility and smoking cessation effects are poorly understood. To address these issues in this work, we develop a multiscale network model that consists of nodes, which represent molecular mediators, immune cells and lung tissues, and edges describing the interactions between the nodes. Our model study identifies several positive feedback loops and network elements playing a determinant role in the CS-induced immune response and COPD progression. The results are in agreement with clinic and laboratory measurements, offering novel insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of COPD. The study in this work also provides a rationale for targeted therapy and personalized medicine for the disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haishan Yu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Lou Liao
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, People’s Republic of China
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171
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Yost CC, Schwertz H, Cody MJ, Wallace JA, Campbell RA, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Araujo CV, Schubert S, Harris ES, Rowley JW, Rondina MT, Fulcher JM, Koening CL, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Neonatal NET-inhibitory factor and related peptides inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3783-3798. [PMID: 27599294 DOI: 10.1172/jci83873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes, also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), extrude molecular lattices of decondensed chromatin studded with histones, granule enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides that are referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs capture and contain bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Nevertheless, experimental evidence indicates that NETs also cause inflammatory vascular and tissue damage, suggesting that identifying pathways that inhibit NET formation may have therapeutic implications. Here, we determined that neonatal NET-inhibitory factor (nNIF) is an inhibitor of NET formation in umbilical cord blood. In human neonatal and adult neutrophils, nNIF inhibits key terminal events in NET formation, including peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activity, neutrophil nuclear histone citrullination, and nuclear decondensation. We also identified additional nNIF-related peptides (NRPs) that inhibit NET formation. nNIFs and NRPs blocked NET formation induced by pathogens, microbial toxins, and pharmacologic agonists in vitro and in mouse models of infection and systemic inflammation, and they improved mortality in murine models of systemic inflammation, which are associated with NET-induced collateral tissue injury. The identification of NRPs as neutrophil modulators that selectively interrupt NET generation at critical steps suggests their potential as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, our results indicate that nNIF may be an important regulator of NET formation in fetal and neonatal inflammation.
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172
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Akbar MA, Cao JJ, Lu Y, Nardo D, Chen MJ, Elshikha AS, Ahamed R, Brantly M, Holliday LS, Song S. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene Therapy Ameliorates Bone Loss in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:679-86. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay J. Cao
- USDA, ARS Grand Fork Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Fork, North Dakota
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David Nardo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mong-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ahmed S. Elshikha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rubina Ahamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark Brantly
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Sihong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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173
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Wrześniak M, Kepinska M, Królik M, Milnerowicz H. The Influence of Tobacco Smoke on Protein and Metal Levels in the Serum of Women during Pregnancy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161342. [PMID: 27548057 PMCID: PMC4993357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking by pregnant women has a negative effect on fetal development and increases pregnancy risk by changing the oxidative balance and microelements level. Smoking affects the concentration, structure and function of proteins, potentially leading to various negative effects on pregnancy outcomes. Methodology/Principal Findings The influence of tobacco smoke on key protein fractions in smoking and non-smoking healthy pregnant women was determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Concentrations of the proteins α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein, α2-macroglobulin and transferrin were determined by ELISA tests. Total protein concentration was measured by the Biuret method. Smoking status was established by cotinine levels. Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the Zn/Cd ratio was calculated based on these numbers. Smoking women had a 3.7 times higher level of Cd than non-smoking women. Zn levels decreased during pregnancy for all women. The Zn/Cd ratio was three times lower in smoking women. The differences between the changes in the protein profile for smoking and non-smoking women were noted. Regarding proteins, α1-antitrypsin and α2-macroglobulin levels were lower in the non-smoking group than in the smoking group and correlated with Cd levels (r = -0.968, p = 0.032 for non-smokers; r = −0.835, p = 0.019 for smokers). Zn/Cd ratios correlated negatively with α1-, α2- and β-globulins. Conclusions/Significance Exposure to tobacco smoke increases the concentration of Cd in the blood of pregnant women and may lead to an elevated risk of pregnancy disorders. During pregnancy alter concentrations of some proteins. The correlation of Cd with proteins suggests that it is one of the causes of protein aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wrześniak
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MW); (HM)
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Królik
- Early Pregnancy Pathology Clinic, Centre of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Opole, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MW); (HM)
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174
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Barksdale SM, Hrifko EJ, Chung EMC, van Hoek ML. Peptides from American alligator plasma are antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:189. [PMID: 27542832 PMCID: PMC4992317 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our group has developed a new process for isolating and identifying novel cationic antimicrobial peptides from small amounts of biological samples. Previously, we identified several active antimicrobial peptides from 100 μl of plasma from Alligator mississippiensis. These peptides were found to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In this work, we further characterize three of the novel peptides discovered using this process: Apo5, Apo6, and A1P. RESULTS We examined the activity of these peptides against multi-drug resistant strains and clinical isolates of common human pathogens. We investigated their structural characteristics using circular dichroism and tested for membrane disruption and DNA binding. These peptides were found to have strong in vitro activity against multi-drug resistant and clinically isolated strains of S. aureus, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Apo5 and Apo6, peptides derived from alligator apolipoprotein C-1, depolarized the bacterial membrane. A1P, a peptide from the serpin proteinase inhibitor, did not permeabilize membranes. Performing circular dichroism analysis, Apo5 and Apo6 were found to be predominantly helical in SDS and TFE buffer, while A1P has significantly different structures in phosphate buffer, SDS, and TFE. None of these peptides were found to be hemolytic to sheep red blood cells or significantly cytotoxic up to 100 μg/ml after 24 h exposure. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we suggest that Apo5 and Apo6 have a different mode of action than A1P, and that all three peptides make promising candidates for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria, such as A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn J Hrifko
- College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Ezra Myung-Chul Chung
- National Center of Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Cir, 10920 George Mason Circle, MSN 1H8, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.,Present Address: STCube Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 401 Professional Dr. Suite 108, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879-3429, USA
| | - Monique L van Hoek
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA. .,National Center of Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Cir, 10920 George Mason Circle, MSN 1H8, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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175
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Well-Known and Less Well-Known Functions of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. Its Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other Disease Developments. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13 Suppl 4:S280-8. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201507-468kv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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176
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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Beyond the Protease/Antiprotease Paradigm. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13 Suppl 4:S305-10. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201510-671kv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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177
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a novel cause of isolated systolic resistant hypertension? J Hypertens 2016; 34:1659-61. [PMID: 27270187 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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178
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Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) mutation spectrum: Three novel variants and haplotype characterization of rare deficiency alleles identified in Portugal. Respir Med 2016; 116:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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179
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Greulich T, Nell C, Herr C, Vogelmeier C, Kotke V, Wiedmann S, Wencker M, Bals R, Koczulla AR. Results from a large targeted screening program for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: 2003 - 2015. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:75. [PMID: 27282198 PMCID: PMC4901499 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal codominant inherited disease that is significantly underdiagnosed. We have previously shown that the combination of an awareness campaign with the offer of free diagnostic testing results in the detection of a relevant number of severely deficient AATD patients. The present study provides an update on the results of our targeted screening program (German AAT laboratory, University of Marburg) covering a period from August 2003 to May 2015. Methods Diagnostic AATD detection test kits were offered free of charge. Dried blood samples were sent to our laboratory and used for the semiquantitative measurement of the AAT-level (nephelometry) and the detection of the S- or Z-allele (PCR). Isoelectric focusing was performed when either of the initial tests was indicative for at least one mutation. Besides, we evaluated the impact of additional screening efforts and the changes of the detection rate over time, and analysed the relevance of clinical parameters in the prediction of severe AATD. Results Between 2003 and 2015, 18,638 testing kits were analysed. 6919 (37.12 %) carried at least one mutation. Of those, we identified 1835 patients with severe AATD (9.82 % of the total test population) including 194 individuals with rare genotypes. Test initiatives offered to an unselected population resulted in a dramatically decreased detection rate. Among clinical characteristics, a history of COPD, emphysema, and bronchiectasis were significant predictors for Pi*ZZ, whereas a history of asthma, cough and phlegm were predictors of not carrying the genotype Pi*ZZ. Conclusion A targeted screening program, combining measures to increase awareness with cost-free diagnostic testing, resulted in a high rate of AATD detection. The clinical data suggest that testing should be primarily offered to patients with COPD, emphysema, and/or bronchiectasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0453-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Nell
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claus Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Kotke
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiedmann
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marion Wencker
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Essen, Ruhrlandklinik, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory and Environmental Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Rembert Koczulla
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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180
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Molecular Background of miRNA Role in Asthma and COPD: An Updated Insight. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7802521. [PMID: 27376086 PMCID: PMC4916273 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7802521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases are a significant health problems requiring new approaches to the existing therapies and addressing fundamental issues. Difficulties in developing effective therapeutic strategies might be caused by lack of understanding of their exact molecular mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulators that already revolutionized the view of gene expression regulation. A cumulating number of investigations show a pivotal role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or airway remodeling through the regulation of many pathways involved in their pathogenesis. Expression changes of several miRNAs have also been found to play a role in the development and/or improvement in asthma or COPD. Still, relatively little is known about the role of miRNAs in inflammatory disorders. The microRNA profiles may differ depending on the cell type or antigen-presenting cell. Based on the newest literature, this review discusses the current knowledge concerning miRNA contribution and influence on lung inflammation and chosen inflammatory airway diseases: asthma and COPD.
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181
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Mohamed BA, Asif AR, Schnelle M, Qasim M, Khadjeh S, Lbik D, Schott P, Hasenfuss G, Toischer K. Proteomic analysis of short-term preload-induced eccentric cardiac hypertrophy. J Transl Med 2016; 14:149. [PMID: 27234427 PMCID: PMC4884361 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodynamic load leads to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. While afterload (pressure overload) induces concentric hypertrophy, elevation of preload (volume overload) yields eccentric hypertrophy and is associated with a better outcome. Here we analysed the proteomic pattern of mice subjected to short-term preload. METHODS AND RESULTS Female FVB/N mice were subjected to aortocaval shunt-induced volume overload that leads to an eccentric hypertrophy (left ventricular weight/tibia length +31 %) with sustained systolic heart function at 1 week after operation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by mass spectrometric analysis showed alteration in the expression of 25 protein spots representing 21 different proteins. 64 % of these protein spots were up-regulated and 36 % of the protein spots were consistently down-regulated. Interestingly, α-1-antitrypsin was down-regulated, indicating higher elastin degradation and possibly contributing to the early dilatation. In addition to contractile and mitochondrial proteins, polymerase I and transcript release factor protein (PTRF) was also up-regulated, possibly contributing to the preload-induced signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the proteomic changes of early-stage eccentric myocardial remodeling after volume overload. Induced expression of some of the respiratory chain enzymes suggests a metabolic shift towards an oxidative phosphorylation that might contribute to the favorable remodeling seen in early VO. Down-regulation of α-1-antitrypsin might contribute to extracellular matrix remodeling and left ventricular dilatation. We also identified PTRF as a potential signaling regulator of volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdul R Asif
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Qasim
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sara Khadjeh
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dawid Lbik
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schott
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, Germany. .,Abteilung Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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182
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Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is associated with premature onset of emphysema resulting from low serum A1-PI levels. The only available pharmacological treatment affecting the underlying cause of AATD is A1-PI therapy. AATD-related emphysema is considered a good model to study disease-modifying effects of treatment as the causative process has been identified. Disease modification is a sustained improvement in disease state following therapeutic intervention that persists when therapy is discontinued. Appropriate trial design and the use of valid study endpoints are key to illustrating disease modification, particularly in clinical trials of rare diseases where it can be difficult to recruit sufficient numbers of patients. Delayed-start trials are advantageous ethically as all patients ultimately receive active treatment and imaging techniques have proven promising as valid study endpoints. Specifically, computed tomography (CT) measured lung density has been used to monitor emphysema and is considered a more sensitive outcome than pulmonary function tests to monitor disease progression. This review will discuss the importance of clinical endpoints and trial design to determine disease modification and will review the evidence for disease modification in AATD-related emphysema. Until recently, clinical studies have not shown a significant effect of A1-PI therapy, possibly due to insufficient numbers of patients, short duration of clinical trials and lack of appropriate trial design. A recently completed randomised trial and open-label extension study followed a larger study population for a longer duration and incorporated a delayed-start design. The results demonstrated clinical efficacy of A1-PI therapy and indicate that treatment is disease-modifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- a Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology , National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases , Warsaw , Poland
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183
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Li Y, Liu H, Wang P, Wang L, Sun Y, Liu G, Zhang P, Kang L, Jiang S, Jiang Y. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Genes Underlying Different Disease Responses to Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Pigs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155502. [PMID: 27171165 PMCID: PMC4865221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), an economically important pathogen, causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and other syndrome diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Previous studies revealed breed-dependent differences in porcine susceptibility to PCV2; however, the genetic mechanism underlying different resistance to PCV2 infection remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that Yorkshire × Landrace (YL) pigs exhibited serious clinical features typifying PCV2 disease, while the Laiwu (a Chinese indigenous pig breed, LW) pigs showed little clinical symptoms of the disease during PCV2 infection. At 35 days post infection (dpi), the PCV2 DNA copy in YL pigs was significantly higher than that in LW pigs (P < 0.05). The serum level of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TGF-β1 in LW pigs and TNF-α in YL pigs increased significantly at the early infected stages, respectively; while that of IL-10 and IFN-γ in YL pigs was greatly increased at 35 dpi. RNA-seq analysis revealed that, at 35 dpi, 83 genes were up-regulated and 86 genes were down-regulated in the lung tissues of LW pigs, while in YL pigs, the numbers were 187 and 18, respectively. In LW pigs, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in complement and coagulation cascades, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, RIG-I-like receptor signaling and B cell receptor signaling pathways. Four up-regulated genes (TFPI, SERPNC1, SERPNA1, and SERPNA5) that are enriched in complement and coagulation cascades pathway were identified in the PCV2-infected LW pigs, among which the mRNA expression of SERPNA1, as well as three genes including TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and VEGF that are regulated by SERPNA1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). We speculate that higher expression of SERPNA1 may effectively suppress excessive inflammation reaction and reduce the pathological degree of lung tissue in PCV2-infected pigs. Collectively, our findings indicate that the susceptibility to PCV2 infection depends on a genetic difference between LW and YL pigs, and SERPNA1 likely plays an important role in the resistance of LW pigs to PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Li Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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184
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Ljujic M, Mijatovic S, Bulatovic MZ, Mojic M, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Radojkovic D, Topic A. ALPHA-1 antitrypsin affects U0126-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cell line (HCT116). Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331601012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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185
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Gaczynska M, Karpowicz P, Stuart CE, Norton MG, Teckman JH, Marszal E, Osmulski PA. AFM Imaging Reveals Topographic Diversity of Wild Type and Z Variant Polymers of Human α1-Proteinase Inhibitor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151902. [PMID: 27008547 PMCID: PMC4805282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Proteinase inhibitor (antitrypsin) is a canonical example of the serpin family member that binds and inhibits serine proteases. The natural metastability of serpins is crucial to carry out structural rearrangements necessary for biological activity. However, the enhanced metastability of the mutant Z variant of antitrypsin, in addition to folding defect, may substantially contribute to its polymerization, a process leading to incurable serpinopathy. The metastability also impedes structural studies on the polymers. There are no crystal structures of Z monomer or any kind of polymers larger than engineered wild type (WT) trimer. Our understanding of polymerization mechanisms is based on biochemical data using in vitro generated WT oligomers and molecular simulations. Here we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to compare topography of monomers, in vitro formed WT oligomers, and Z type polymers isolated from transgenic mouse liver. We found the AFM images of monomers closely resembled an antitrypsin outer shell modeled after the crystal structure. We confirmed that the Z variant demonstrated higher spontaneous propensity to dimerize than WT monomers. We also detected an unexpectedly broad range of different types of polymers with periodicity and topography depending on the applied method of polymerization. Short linear oligomers of unit arrangement similar to the Z polymers were especially abundant in heat-treated WT preparations. Long linear polymers were a prominent and unique component of liver extracts. However, the liver preparations contained also multiple types of oligomers of topographies undistinguishable from those found in WT samples polymerized with heat, low pH or guanidine hydrochloride treatments. In conclusion, we established that AFM is an excellent technique to assess morphological diversity of antitrypsin polymers, which is important for etiology of serpinopathies. These data also support previous, but controversial models of in vivo polymerization showing a surprising diversity of polymer topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Przemyslaw Karpowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christine E. Stuart
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata G. Norton
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey H. Teckman
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Cardinal Glennon Children’s Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ewa Marszal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pawel A. Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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186
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Frequency of Rare Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Variants in Polish Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 26987331 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The SERPINA1 gene encoding the alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) protein is highly polymorphic. It is known that, apart from the most prevalent PI*S and PI*Z A1AT deficiency variants, other so-called rare variants also predispose individuals to severe chronic respiratory disorders such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our aim was to assess the frequencies of common and rare SERPINA1 mutations in a group of 1033 Polish patients referred for A1AT deficiency diagnostics due to chronic respiratory disorders in the period of January 2014-September 2015. All blood samples were analyzed according to the routine diagnostic protocol, including A1AT serum concentration assessment by nephelometry and immune isoelectric focusing, followed by PCR genotyping and direct sequencing when necessary. A total of 890 out of the 1033 samples (86 %) carried the normal PI*MM genotype, whereas, in 143 samples (14 %), at least one A1AT deficiency variant was detected. In 132 subjects, PI*S (2.1 %) and PI*Z (10.8 %) common deficiency alleles were identified, yielding frequencies of 0.011 and 0.062, respectively. Rare SERPINA1 variants were detected in nine patients: PI*F (c.739C>T) (n = 5) and PI*I (c.187C>T) (n = 4). Samples from the patients with an A1AT serum concentration below 120 mg/dl and presenting a PI*MM-like phenotypic pattern were retrospectively analyzed by direct sequencing for rare SERPINA1 mutations, revealing a PI*M2Obernburg (c.514G>T) mutation in one patient and a non-pathogenic mutation (c.922G>T) in another. We conclude that the deficiency PI*Z A1AT allele is considerably more common in patients with chronic respiratory disorders than in the general Polish population. The prevalence of the PI*F allele seems higher than in other European studies.
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187
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IgE-tailpiece associates with α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) to protect IgE from proteolysis without compromising its ability to interact with FcεRI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20509. [PMID: 26842628 PMCID: PMC4740804 DOI: 10.1038/srep20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several splice variants of IgE exist in human plasma, including a variant called IgE-tailpiece (IgE-tp) that differs from classical IgE by the replacement of two carboxy-terminal amino acids with eight novel residues that include an ultimate cysteine. To date, the role of the secreted IgE-tp isoform in human immunity is unknown. We show that levels of IgE-tp are raised in helminth-infected donors, and that both the classical form of IgE (IgE-c) and IgE-tp interact with polymers of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The association of IgE-tp with A1AT polymers in plasma protects the antibody from serine protease-mediated degradation, without affecting the functional interaction of IgE-tp with important receptors, including FcεR1. That polymers of A1AT protect IgE from degradation by helminth proteases may explain why these common and normally non-disease causing polymorphic variants of A1AT have been retained by natural selection. The observation that IgE can be complexed with polymeric forms of A1AT may therefore have important consequences for our understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases that arise either as a consequence of A1AT-deficiency or through IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity responses.
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188
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Blanco I, Lipsker D, Lara B, Janciauskiene S. Neutrophilic panniculitis associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: an update. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:753-62. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Blanco
- Board of Directors of the Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Spanish Registry; Lung Foundation Breathe; Spanish Society of Pneumology (SEPAR), Provenza; 108 Bajo 08029 Barcelona Spain
| | - D. Lipsker
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Strasbourg et Clinique Dermatologique; Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; 1 Place de l'Hôpital 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX France
| | - B. Lara
- Respiratory Medicine Department; Royal Exeter and Devon Hospital; Exeter U.K
| | - S. Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Hannover Medical School; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH); Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); 30626 Hanover Germany
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189
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Fähndrich S, Herr C, Greulich T, Seibert M, Lepper PM, Bernhard N, Lützow C, Vogelmeier C, Bals R. Sex differences in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency lung disease-analysis from the German registry. COPD 2016; 12 Suppl 1:58-62. [PMID: 25938294 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1023785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare condition with clinical manifestations of the lung and the liver. There is evidence that the gender affects the clinical presentation of non-AATD chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyze gender-dependent disease pattern in AATD-based COPD. Data from 1066 individuals from the German AATD registry were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. The AAT genotypes comprised 820 individuals with PiZZ (male 56%, female 45%), 109 with PI SZ (male 55%; female 45%), and others (n = 137). A subgroup of 422 patients with available post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted was analyzed in detail after stratification in spirometric GOLD stages I-IV. The age of the registered individuals is 52.2 ± 13.4 years (male: 51.91 ± 13.86 years; female: 52.76 ± 13.39 years). Female patients with GOLD I-IV showed lower numbers of pack-years and lower BMI. The time between the first symptom and the establishment of the correct diagnosis was significantly longer in female (14.47 ± 16.46 years) as compared to male individuals (12.39 ± - 14.38 years, p = 0.04). In conclusion, the data of the registry allow to characterize the natural course of the disease and highlight differences in the clinical presentation of patients with AATD-dependent COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fähndrich
- 1Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital , Homburg , Germany
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190
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Translating Lung Function Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Findings. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 93:57-145. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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191
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Ehlers MR. Immune-modulating effects of alpha-1 antitrypsin. Biol Chem 2015; 395:1187-93. [PMID: 24854541 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a circulating serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that inhibits neutrophil elastase in the lung, and AAT deficiency is associated with early-onset emphysema. AAT is also a liver-derived acute-phase protein that, in vitro and in vivo, reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits apoptosis, blocks leukocyte degranulation and migration, and modulates local and systemic inflammatory responses. In monocytes, AAT has been shown to increase intracellular cAMP, regulate expression of CD14, and suppress NFκB nuclear translocation. These effects may be mediated by AAT's serpin activity or by other protein-binding activities. In preclinical models of autoimmunity and transplantation, AAT therapy prevents or reverses autoimmune disease and graft loss, and these effects are accompanied by tolerogenic changes in cytokine and transcriptional profiles and T cell subsets. This review highlights advances in our understanding of the immune-modulating effects of AAT and their potential therapeutic utility.
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192
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Wozniak J, Wandtke T, Kopinski P, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. Challenges and Prospects for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:709-18. [PMID: 26413996 PMCID: PMC4651033 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin family. A number of identified mutations in the SERPINA1 gene encoding this protein result in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). A decrease in AAT serum concentration or reduced biological activity causes considerable risk of chronic respiratory and liver disorders. As a monogenic disease, AATD appears to be an attractive target for gene therapy, particularly for patients with pulmonary dysfunction, where augmentation of functional AAT levels in plasma might slow down respiratory disease development. The short AAT coding sequence and its activity in the extracellular matrix would enable an increase in systemic serum AAT production by cellular secretion. In vitro and in vivo experimental AAT gene transfer with gamma-retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral, and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has resulted in enhanced AAT serum levels and a promising safety profile. Human clinical trials using intramuscular viral transfer with AAV1 and AAV2 vectors of the AAT gene demonstrated its safety, but did not achieve a protective level of AAT >11 μM in serum. This review provides an in-depth critical analysis of current progress in AATD gene therapy based on viral gene transfer. The factors affecting transgene expression levels, such as site of administration, dose and type of vector, and activity of the immune system, are discussed further as crucial variables for optimizing the clinical effectiveness of gene therapy in AATD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wozniak
- Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wandtke
- Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kopinski
- Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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193
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Corticosteroid-binding globulin cleavage is paradoxically reduced in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: Implications for cortisol homeostasis. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 452:27-31. [PMID: 26522656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-affinity corticosteroid-binding globulin (haCBG) is cleaved by neutrophil elastase (NE) resulting in permanent transition to the low cortisol-binding affinity form (laCBG), thereby increasing cortisol availability at inflammatory sites. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is the major inhibitor of NE. AAT deficiency (AATD) predisposes patients to early-onset emphysema due to increased proteolytic destruction from the inherent proteinase-antiproteinase imbalance. We hypothesized that AATD may result in increased CBG cleavage in vivo. We collected demographic data and blood samples from 10 patients with AATD and 28 healthy controls measuring total CBG and haCBG levels by parallel in-house ELISAs, as well as AAT, total and free cortisol levels. haCBG was higher (median [range]); 329 [210-551] vs. 250 [175-365] nmol/L; P<0.005, and laCBG lower; 174 [68-229] vs. 220 [119-348] nmol/L; P=0.016 in the AATD group, compared with controls. The ratio of haCBG:total CBG was also higher in AATD; 72 [53-83] vs. 54 [41-72] %; P=0.0001). There was a negative correlation between haCBG:total CBG and AAT levels (P<0.05, R=-0.64). Paradoxically, proteolytic cleavage of CBG was reduced in AATD, despite the recognized increase in NE activity. This implies that NE activity is not the mechanism for systemic CBG cleavage in basal, low inflammatory conditions. Relatively low levels of laCBG may have implications for cortisol action in AATD.
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194
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Vignaud H, Cullin C, Bouchecareilh M. [Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: A model of alteration of protein homeostasis or proteostasis]. Rev Mal Respir 2015; 32:1059-71. [PMID: 26386628 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the ninth leading cause of death in France and is predicted to become the third leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality by 2020. Risk factors for COPD include exposure to tobacco, dusts and chemicals, asthma and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. This genetic disease, significantly under-diagnosed and under-recognized, affects 1 in 2500 live births and is an important cause of lung and, occasionally, liver disease. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a pathology of proteostasis-mediated protein folding and trafficking pathways. To date, there are only palliative therapeutic approaches for the symptoms associated with this hereditary disorder. Therefore, a more detailed understanding is required of the folding and trafficking biology governing alpha-1 antitrypsin biogenesis and its response to drugs. Here, we review the cell biological, biochemical and biophysical properties of alpha-1 antitrypsin and its variants, and we suggest that alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an example of cell autonomous and non-autonomous challenges to proteostasis. Finally, we review emerging strategies that may be used to enhance the proteostasis system and protect the lung from alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vignaud
- Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille-Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - C Cullin
- Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille-Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - M Bouchecareilh
- Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille-Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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195
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Schaefer B, Haschka D, Finkenstedt A, Petersen BS, Theurl I, Henninger B, Janecke AR, Wang CY, Lin HY, Veits L, Vogel W, Weiss G, Franke A, Zoller H. Impaired hepcidin expression in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with iron overload and progressive liver disease. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6254-63. [PMID: 26310624 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is associated with hepatic iron overload in a subgroup of patients. The underlying cause for this association is unknown. The aim of the present study was to define the genetics of this correlation and the effect of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) on the expression of the iron hormone hepcidin. Full exome and candidate gene sequencing were carried out in a family with A1ATD and hepatic iron overload. Regulation of hepcidin expression by A1AT was studied in primary murine hepatocytes. Cells co-transfected with hemojuvelin (HJV) and matriptase-2 (MT-2) were used as a model to investigate the molecular mechanism of this regulation. Observed familial clustering of hepatic iron overload with A1ATD suggests a genetic cause, but genotypes known to be associated with hemochromatosis were absent. Individuals homozygous for the A1AT Z-allele with environmental or genetic risk factors such as steatosis or heterozygosity for the HAMP non-sense mutation p.Arg59* presented with severe hepatic siderosis. In hepatocytes, A1AT induced hepcidin mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Experiments in overexpressing cells show that A1AT reduces cleavage of the hepcidin inducing bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor HJV via inhibition of the membrane-bound serine protease MT-2. The acute-phase protein A1AT is an inducer of hepcidin expression. Through this mechanism, A1ATD could be a trigger of hepatic iron overload in genetically predisposed individuals or patients with environmental risk factors for hepatic siderosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology
| | | | - Britt-Sabina Petersen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology
| | - Benjamin Henninger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Herbert Y Lin
- Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Preuschwitzerstraße 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Vogel
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
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196
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Joosten LAB, Crişan TO, Azam T, Cleophas MCP, Koenders MI, van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Kim S, Dinarello CA. Alpha-1-anti-trypsin-Fc fusion protein ameliorates gouty arthritis by reducing release and extracellular processing of IL-1β and by the induction of endogenous IL-1Ra. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1219-27. [PMID: 26174021 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we generated a new protein, recombinant human alpha-1-anti-trypsin (AAT)-IgG1 Fc fusion protein (AAT-Fc), and evaluated its properties to suppress inflammation and interleukin (IL)-1β in a mouse model of gouty arthritis. METHODS A combination of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and the fatty acid C16.0 (MSU/C16.0) was injected intra-articularly into the knee to induce gouty arthritis. Joint swelling, synovial cytokine production and histopathology were determined after 4 h. AAT-Fc was evaluated for inhibition of MSU/C16.0-induced IL-1β release from human blood monocytes and for inhibition of extracellular IL-1β precursor processing. RESULTS AAT-Fc markedly suppressed MSU/C16.0-induced joint inflammation by 85-91% (p<0.001). Ex vivo production of IL-1β and IL-6 from cultured synovia were similarly reduced (63% and 65%, respectively). The efficacy of 2.0 mg/kg AAT-Fc in reducing inflammation was comparable to 80 mg/kg of plasma-derived AAT. Injection of AAT-Fc into mice increased circulating levels of endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist by fourfold. We also observed that joint swelling was reduced by 80%, cellular infiltration by 95% and synovial production of IL-1β by 60% in transgenic mice expressing low levels of human AAT. In vitro, AAT-Fc reduced MSU/C16.0-induced release of IL-1β from human blood monocytes and inhibited proteinase-3-mediated extracellular processing of the IL-1β precursor into active IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS A single low dose of AAT-Fc is highly effective in reducing joint inflammation in this model of acute gouty arthritis. Considering the long-term safety of plasma-derived AAT use in humans, subcutaneous AAT-Fc emerges as a promising therapy for gout attacks.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Gouty/immunology
- Arthritis, Gouty/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Gout Suppressants/administration & dosage
- Gout Suppressants/pharmacology
- Gout Suppressants/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/analysis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- alpha 1-Antitrypsin/administration & dosage
- alpha 1-Antitrypsin/pharmacology
- alpha 1-Antitrypsin/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maartje C P Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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197
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198
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Gruntman AM, Flotte TR. Progress with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 26:77-81. [PMID: 26067712 PMCID: PMC4559188 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathway to a clinical gene therapy product often involves many changes of course and strategy before obtaining successful results. Here we outline the methodologies, both clinical and preclinical, that went into developing a gene therapy approach to the treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency lung disease using muscle-targeted recombinant adeno-associated virus. From initial gene construct development in mouse models through multiple rounds of safety and biodistribution studies in rodents, rabbits, and nonhuman primates to ultimate human trials, this review seeks to provide insight into what clinical translation entails and could thereby inform the process for future investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M. Gruntman
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Terence R. Flotte
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
- Microbiology & Physiologic Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
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199
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Probert PME, Meyer SK, Alsaeedi F, Axon AA, Fairhall EA, Wallace K, Charles M, Oakley F, Jowsey PA, Blain PG, Wright MC. An expandable donor-free supply of functional hepatocytes for toxicology. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The B-13 cell is a readily expandable rat pancreatic acinar-like cell that differentiates on simple plastic culture substrata into replicatively-senescent hepatocyte-like (B-13/H) cells in response to glucocorticoid exposure. B-13/H cells express a variety of liver-enriched and liver-specific genes, many at levels similar to hepatocytes in vivo. Furthermore, the B-13/H phenotype is maintained for at least several weeks in vitro, in contrast to normal hepatocytes which rapidly de-differentiate under the same simple – or even under more complex – culture conditions. The origin of the B-13 cell line and the current state of knowledge regarding differentiation to B-13/H cells are presented, followed by a review of recent advances in the use of B-13/H cells in a variety of toxicity endpoints. B-13 cells therefore offer Toxicologists a cost-effective and easy to use system to study a range of toxicologically-related questions. Dissecting the mechanism(s) regulating the formation of B-13/H cell may also increase the likelihood of engineering a human equivalent, providing Toxicologists with an expandable donor-free supply of functional rat and human hepatocytes, invaluable additions to the tool kit of in vitro toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. E. Probert
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephanie K. Meyer
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fouzeyyah Alsaeedi
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew A. Axon
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma A. Fairhall
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Wallace
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michelle Charles
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul A. Jowsey
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter G. Blain
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew C. Wright
- Institute Cellular Medicine, Level 4 Leech Building; Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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200
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Baraldo S, Turato G, Lunardi F, Bazzan E, Schiavon M, Ferrarotti I, Molena B, Cazzuffi R, Damin M, Balestro E, Luisetti M, Rea F, Calabrese F, Cosio MG, Saetta M. Immune Activation in α1-Antitrypsin-Deficiency Emphysema. Beyond the Protease–Antiprotease Paradigm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:402-9. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0529oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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