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Zhang M, Pang HJ, Zhao W, Li YF, Yan LX, Dong ZY, He XF. VISTA expression associated with CD8 confers a favorable immune microenvironment and better overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:511. [PMID: 29720116 PMCID: PMC5932869 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises in the setting of chronic inflammation with multiple inhibitory immune signals. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is identified as a novel negative checkpoint regulator. This study sought to determine the expression and prognostic value of VISTA in HCC and classify tumor microenvironments (TMEs) based on VISTA and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Methods The expression of VISTA and CD8 proteins was assessed in 183 HCC tissue microarrays (TMAs) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). VISTA and CD8A mRNA extracted from 372 patients with HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was included as a validation cohort. Associations between the VISTA, clinicopathological variables, and survival were analyzed. Results VISTA expression was detected in 29.5% HCC tissues, among which 16.4% tissues were positive for tumor cells (TCs), and 16.9% tissues were positive for immune cells (ICs). VISTA expression was significantly associated with tissues with a high pathological grading (p = 0.038), without liver cirrhosis (p = 0.011), and with a high density of CD8 + TILs (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that patients with VISTA-positive staining in TCs (p = 0.037), but not in ICs, (p = 0.779) showed significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) than those with VISTA-negative expression. Classification of HCC TME-based VISTA and CD8 + TILs showed 4 immune subtypes: VISTA+/CD8+ (16.9%), VISTA+/CD8- (12.6%), VISTA-/CD8+ (16.4%), and VISTA-/CD8+ (54.1%). The dual positive VISTA+/CD8+ subtype showed significantly prolonged OS than other subtypes (p = 0.023). Conclusions VISTA protein expression in HCC showed cell specific and displayed different prognosis. VISTA expression was significantly associated with CD8 + TILs, Dual positive VISTA+/CD8+ showed favorable TME and better OS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4435-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Jin Pang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fa Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xu Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838, North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China.
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Ahern E, Harjunpää H, O'Donnell JS, Allen S, Dougall WC, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. RANKL blockade improves efficacy of PD1-PD-L1 blockade or dual PD1-PD-L1 and CTLA4 blockade in mouse models of cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1431088. [PMID: 29872559 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1431088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK, are members of the tumor necrosis factor and receptor superfamilies, respectively. Antibodies targeting RANKL have recently been evaluated in combination with anti-CTLA4 in case reports of human melanoma and mouse models of cancer. However, the efficacy of anti-RANKL in combination with antibodies targeting other immune checkpoint receptors such as PD1 has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that blockade of RANKL improves anti-metastatic activity of antibodies targeting PD1/PD-L1 and improves subcutaneous growth suppression in mouse models of melanoma, prostate and colon cancer. Suppression of experimental lung metastasis following combination anti-RANKL with anti-PD1 requires NK cells and IFN-γ, whereas subcutaneous tumor growth suppression with this combination therapy is attenuated in the absence of T cells and IFN-γ. Furthermore, addition of anti-RANKL to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 resulted in superior anti-tumor responses, irrespective of the ability of anti-CTLA4 isotype to engage activating FcR, and concurrent or delayed RANKL blockade was most effective. Early-during-treatment assessment reveals this triple combination therapy compared to dual anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination therapy further increased the proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that can produce both IFN-γ and TNF. Finally, RANKL expression appears to identify tumor-specific CD8+ T cells expressing higher levels of PD1 which can be modulated by anti-PD1. These data set the scene for clinical evaluation of denosumab use in patients receiving contemporary immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ahern
- Department of Immunology, Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Cancer Care Services, Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi Harjunpää
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake S O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology, Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stacey Allen
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - William C Dougall
- Department of Immunology, Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Immuno-oncology Discovery Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Department of Immunology, Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Hofman P. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for non-small cell lung carcinoma: which strategy should be adopted? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:1097-1108. [PMID: 29069958 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1398083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PD-L1 detection with immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the only predictive biomarker available to date for PD-L1/PD1 immunotherapy in thoracic oncology. While many studies have been published on this biomarker, they raise a number of questions concerning mainly, (i) the type of antibody for use and its condition of utilization, (ii) the threshold to be used, (iii) the message and information to communicate to the thoracic oncologist and, (iv) the adoption of this methodology as part of the daily practices of a pathology laboratory. Areas covered: This review provides an update on the use of the different PD-L1 antibodies for IHC in the context of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discusses their use as companion or complementary diagnostic tests. The limits of PD-L1 IHC as a predictive test, the precautions to be adopted as well as some perspectives will then be considered. Expert commentary: IHC for PD-L1 can be considered as a theranostic test, which implies providing an extremely reliable result that avoids any false positive and negative results. PD-L1 IHC requires considerable expertise and specific training of pathologists. PD-L1 IHC can be a companion or complementary diagnostic test depending on the clone employed, the molecular therapy prescribed and the indication of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- a Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale, Hôpital Pasteur , Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis , Nice cedex 01 , France.,b Biobanque Hospitalière (BB-0033-00025) , Hôpital Pasteur , Nice , France.,c FHU OncoAge , Hôpital Pasteur, Université Nice Côte d'Azur , Nice , France
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