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Pesonen M, Rysä J, Storvik M, Rilla K, Pasanen M, Vähäkangas K. Molecular targets of chloropicrin in human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:247-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Won J, Jin Y, Choi J, Park S, Lee TH, Lee SR, Chang KT, Hong Y. Melatonin as a Novel Interventional Candidate for Fragile X Syndrome with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632163 PMCID: PMC5486135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FXS with ASD results from the loss of fragile X mental retardation (fmr) gene products, including fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which triggers a variety of physiological and behavioral abnormalities. This disorder is also correlated with clock components underlying behavioral circadian rhythms and, thus, a mutation of the fmr gene can result in disturbed sleep patterns and altered circadian rhythms. As a result, FXS with ASD individuals may experience dysregulation of melatonin synthesis and alterations in melatonin-dependent signaling pathways that can impair vigilance, learning, and memory abilities, and may be linked to autistic behaviors such as abnormal anxiety responses. Although a wide variety of possible causes, symptoms, and clinical features of ASD have been studied, the correlation between altered circadian rhythms and FXS with ASD has yet to be extensively investigated. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of melatonin on the nervous, immune, and metabolic systems and, even though the utilization of melatonin for sleep dysfunctions in ASD has been considered in clinical research, future studies should investigate its neuroprotective role during the developmental period in individuals with ASD. Thus, the present review focuses on the regulatory circuits involved in the dysregulation of melatonin and disruptions in the circadian system in individuals with FXS with ASD. Additionally, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin intervention therapies, including improvements in neuroplasticity and physical capabilities, are discussed and the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder are reviewed. The authors suggest that melatonin may be a useful treatment for FXS with ASD in terms of alleviating the adverse effects of variations in the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Won
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Yunho Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, Korea.
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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Couchie D, Vaisman B, Abderrazak A, Mahmood DFD, Hamza MM, Canesi F, Diderot V, El Hadri K, Nègre-Salvayre A, Le Page A, Fulop T, Remaley AT, Rouis M. Human Plasma Thioredoxin-80 Increases With Age and in ApoE -/- Mice Induces Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2017; 136:464-475. [PMID: 28473446 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.027612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin (TRX)-1, a ubiquitous 12-kDa protein, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, the truncated form, called TRX80, produced by macrophages induces upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. TRX80 also promotes the differentiation of mouse peritoneal and human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype. METHODS TRX1 and TRX80 plasma levels were determined with a specific ELISA. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM)-10, ADAM-17, and ADAM-10 activities were measured with SensoLyte 520 ADAM10 Activity Assay Kit, Fluorimetric, and InnoZyme TACE Activity Kit, respectively. Western immunoblots were performed with specific antibodies to ADAM-10 or ADAM-17. Angiogenesis study was evaluated in vitro with human microvascular endothelial cells-1 and in vivo with the Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay in mice. The expression of macrophage phenotype markers was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorylation of Akt, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and 70S6K was determined with specific antibodies. The effect of TRX80 on NLRP3 inflammasome activity was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-1β and -18 in the supernatants of activated macrophages with ELISA. Hearts were used for lesion surface evaluation and immunohistochemical studies, and whole descending aorta were stained with Oil Red O. For transgenic mice generation, the human scavenger receptor (SR-A) promoter/enhancer was used to drive macrophage-specific expression of human TRX80 in mice. RESULTS In this study, we observed a significant increase of plasma levels of TRX80 in old subjects compared with healthy young subjects. In parallel, an increase in expression and activity of ADAM-10 and ADAM-17 in old peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with those of young subjects was observed. Furthermore, TRX80 was found to colocalize with tumor necrosis factor-α, a macrophage M1 marker, in human atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, TRX80 induced the expression of murine M1 macrophage markers through Akt2/mechanistic target of rapamycin-C1/70S6K pathway and activated the inflammasome NLRP3, leading to the release of interleukin-1β and -18, potent atherogenic cytokines. Moreover, TRX80 exerts a powerful angiogenic effect in both in vitro and in vivo mouse studies. Finally, transgenic mice that overexpress human TRX80 specifically in macrophages of apoE-/- mice have a significant increase of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS TRX80 showed an age-dependent increase in human plasma. In mouse models, TRX80 was associated with a proinflammatory status and increased atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Couchie
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Boris Vaisman
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Amna Abderrazak
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Dler Faieeq Darweesh Mahmood
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Magda M Hamza
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Fanny Canesi
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Vimala Diderot
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Khadija El Hadri
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.)
| | - Mustapha Rouis
- From Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), CNRS UMR-8256/INSERM ERL U-1164, Biological Institute Paris-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (D.C., A.A., D.F.D.M., M.M.H., F.C., V.D., K.E.H., M.R.); Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.V., A.T.R.): Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (12 MC), INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France (A.N.-S.); and Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Service Gériatrique, Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (A.L.P., T.F.).
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Pokrzywinski KL, Tilney CL, Warner ME, Coyne KJ. Cell cycle arrest and biochemical changes accompanying cell death in harmful dinoflagellates following exposure to bacterial algicide IRI-160AA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45102. [PMID: 28332589 PMCID: PMC5362807 DOI: 10.1038/srep45102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria may play a role in regulating harmful algal blooms, but little is known about the biochemical and physiological changes associated with cell death induced by algicidal bacteria. Previous work characterized an algicidal exudate (IRI-160AA) produced by Shewanella sp. IRI-160 that is effective against dinoflagellates, while having little to no effect on other phytoplankton species in laboratory culture experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical changes associated with cell death and impacts on the cell cycle in three dinoflagellate species (Prorocentrum minimum, Karlodinium veneficum and Gyrodinium instriatum) after exposure to IRI-160AA. In this study, IRI-160AA induced cell cycle arrest in all dinoflagellates examined. Several indicators for programmed cell death (PCD) that are often observed in phytoplankton in response to a variety of stressors were also evaluated. Cell death was accompanied by significant increases in DNA degradation, intra- and extracellular ROS concentrations and DEVDase (caspase-3 like) protease activity, which have been associated with PCD in other phytoplankton species. Overall, results of this investigation provide strong evidence that treatment with the bacterial algicide, IRI-160AA results in cell cycle arrest and induces biochemical changes consistent with stress-related cell death responses observed in other phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytee L Pokrzywinski
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Charles L Tilney
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Mark E Warner
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Kathryn J Coyne
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958, USA
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155
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Mazhar F, Malhi SM, Simjee SU. Comparative studies on the effects of clinically used anticonvulsants on the oxidative stress biomarkers in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epileptogenesis in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:31-42. [PMID: 27658141 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and contributes in underlying epileptogenesis process. Anticonvulsant drugs targeting the oxidative stress domain of epileptogenesis may provide better control of seizure. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clinically used anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on the course of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling and oxidative stress markers in mice. METHODS Six mechanistically heterogeneous anticonvulsants: phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, pregabalin, topiramate, and felbamate were selected and their redox profiles were determined. Diazepam was used as a drug control for comparison. Kindling was induced by repeated injections of a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (50 mg/kg, s.c.) on alternate days until seizure score 5 was evoked in the control kindled group. Anticonvulsants were administered daily. Following PTZ kindling, oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in homogenized whole brain samples and estimated for the levels of nitric oxide, peroxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione, and activities of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species with a parallel decrease in endogenous anti-oxidants in PTZ-kindled control animals. Daily treatment with levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased the PTZ-induced seizure score as well as the levels of nitric oxide (p<0.001), nitric oxide synthase activity (p<0.05), peroxide levels (p<0.05), and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased lipid and protein peroxidation whereas topiramate was found to reduce lipid peroxidation only. CONCLUSIONS An AED that produces anticonvulsant effect by the diversified mechanism of action such as levetiracetam, felbamate, and topiramate exhibited superior anti-oxidative stress activity in addition to their anticonvulsant activity.
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Singh K, Ali V, Pratap Singh K, Gupta P, Suman SS, Ghosh AK, Bimal S, Pandey K, Das P. Deciphering the interplay between cysteine synthase and thiol cascade proteins in modulating Amphotericin B resistance and survival of Leishmania donovani under oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2017; 12:350-366. [PMID: 28288415 PMCID: PMC5349463 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is the causative organism of the neglected human disease known as visceral leishmaniasis which is often fatal, if left untreated. The cysteine biosynthesis pathway of Leishmania may serve as a potential drug target because it is different from human host and regulates downstream components of redox metabolism of the parasites; essential for their survival, pathogenicity and drug resistance. However, despite the apparent dependency of redox metabolism of cysteine biosynthesis pathway, the role of L. donovani cysteine synthase (LdCS) in drug resistance and redox homeostasis has been unexplored. Herein, we report that over-expression of LdCS in Amphotericin B (Amp B) sensitive strain (S1-OE) modulates resistance towards oxidative stress and drug pressure. We observed that antioxidant enzyme activities were up-regulated in S1-OE parasites and these parasites alleviate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently by maintaining the reduced thiol pool. In contrast to S1-OE parasites, Amp B sensitive strain (S1) showed higher levels of ROS which was positively correlated with the protein carbonylation levels and negatively correlated with cell viability. Moreover, further investigations showed that LdCS over-expression also augments the ROS-primed induction of LdCS-GFP as well as endogenous LdCS and thiol pathway proteins (LdTryS, LdTryR and LdcTXN) in L. donovani parasites; which probably aids in stress tolerance and drug resistance. In addition, the expression of LdCS was found to be up-regulated in Amp B resistant isolates and during infective stationary stages of growth and consistent with these observations, our ex vivo infectivity studies confirmed that LdCS over-expression enhances the infectivity of L. donovani parasites. Our results reveal a novel crosstalk between LdCS and thiol metabolic pathway proteins and demonstrate the crucial role of LdCS in drug resistance and redox homeostasis of Leishmania. Over-expression of CS in L. donovani modulates oxidative stress & Amp B resistance. Over-expressing parasite possess higher thiol to counteract the oxidative stress. Over-expressing parasites showed increased activity of TXNPx, GST, SOD, and APx. Expression/activity of LdCS is up-regulated in Amp B resistant clinical isolates. Ex vivo results confirm that LdCS over-expression enhance the parasites infectivity. Over-expressing parasites survived long time under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljit Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, EPIP Complex, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, EPIP Complex, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Krishn Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Parool Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Shashi S Suman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Ayan K Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
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Hashimoto K, Majumdar R, Tsuji Y. Nuclear lamins and progerin are dispensable for antioxidant Nrf2 response to arsenic and cadmium. Cell Signal 2017; 33:69-78. [PMID: 28229933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are important constituents of the nuclear inner membrane and provide a platform for transcription factors and chromatin. Progerin, a C-terminal truncated lamin A mutant, causes premature aging termed Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Oxidative stress appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of HGPS, although the mechanistic role of progerin remains elusive. Here we examined whether nuclear lamins are important for a cellular antioxidant mechanism, and whether progerin compromises it. We investigated the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which regulates various antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), following exposure to sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride in lamin knockdown human cell lines and primary HGPS human fibroblasts. Knocking down lamin A/C, or B, or all nuclear lamins simultaneously in three human cell lines (HaCaT, SW480, and K562) did not impair arsenite- or cadmium-induced activation of Nrf2. Progerin-expressing human primary HGPS fibroblasts showed lower basal levels of HMOX1 and NQO1 expression; however, in response to arsenic stress both normal and HGPS primary fibroblasts showed Nrf2 nuclear accumulation along with upregulation and phosphorylation of p62/SQSTM1 at Ser351, downregulation of Keap1, and comparable expression of an array of downstream Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes. We also observed new forms of cleaved lamin A, B1 and B2 induced by cadmium stress although their roles in the Nrf2 antioxidant system need further investigation. These results suggest that the nuclear lamins and progerin have marginal roles in the activation of the antioxidant Nrf2 response to arsenic and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Rima Majumdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States.
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158
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Abstract
A wide range of fungicides (or antifungals) are used in agriculture and medicine, with activities against a spectrum of fungal pathogens. Unfortunately, the evolution of fungicide resistance has become a major issue. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antifungal treatments. Certain metals have been used for decades as efficient fungicides in agriculture. However, concerns over metal toxicity have escalated over this time. Recent studies have revealed that metals like copper and chromate can impair functions required for the fidelity of protein synthesis in fungi. This occurs through different mechanisms, based on targeting of iron-sulphur cluster integrity or competition for uptake with amino acid precursors. Moreover, chromate at least acts synergistically with other agents known to target translation fidelity, like aminoglycoside antibiotics, causing dramatic and selective growth inhibition of several fungal pathogens of humans and plants. As such synergy allows the application of decreased amounts of metals for effective inhibition, it lessens concerns about nonspecific toxicity and opens new possibilities for metal applications in combinatorial fungicides targeting protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Vallières
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon V Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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159
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Tang X, Tong K, Zhu L, Fu G, Chang W, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Tong L, Zhang L, Shi Y. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate induced oxidative damage involving FasL-associated apoptotic pathway in mouse spermatogenic GC-2spd cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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160
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Salah A, Bouaziz C, Prola A, Pires Da Silva J, Bacha H, Abid-Essefi S, Lemaire C. Citrinin induces apoptosis in human HCT116 colon cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1230-1241. [PMID: 29165056 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1359127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin citrinin (CTN) is a natural contaminant of various human foods that may produce serious adverse health problems. Several studies demonstrated that citrinin exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in both in vivo and in vitro systems. However, the precise mechanisms of action (MOA), particularly in intestinal cells remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the precise MOA of citrinin in vitro. Data demonstrated that CTN significantly decreased the number of viable human intestinal HCT116 cells and induced apoptotic events including (1) decrease in ΔѰm indicative of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, (2) activation of caspase 3, (3) elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (4) relative persistence of plasma membrane integrity. Further, the genetic deficiency of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax protected cells against CTN-induced apoptosis, indicating that Bax is required for CTN-mediated toxicity. It was also found that CTN triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated different arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) as demonstrated by increase in expression of GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein-78), GRP94 (glucose-regulated protein-94), GADD34 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein-34), the protein disulfide isomerase associated 6 (PDIA6), CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein) and the splicing of XBP1 (X-Box Binding Protein 1). Pretreatment of cells with the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), known to alleviate ER stress, prevented significantly the apoptotic process triggered by CTN. Taken together, these results suggest that CTN exerts its cytotoxic effects in HCT116 cells by inducing apoptosis, at least in part, through induction of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Salah
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
- b Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Chayma Bouaziz
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Prola
- c INSERM UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France
| | - Julie Pires Da Silva
- c INSERM UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France
| | - Hassen Bacha
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- a Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- d Université Versailles St-Quentin, Inserm UMR-S 1180, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay , Chatenay-Malabry , France
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161
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Sutkowy P, Woźniak A, Boraczyński T, Boraczyński M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. The oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium, activities of selected lysosomal enzymes and activity of acute phase protein in peripheral blood of 18-year-old football players after aerobic cycle ergometer test combined with ice-water immersion or recovery at room temperature. Cryobiology 2016; 74:126-131. [PMID: 27871846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of an aerobic exercise bout followed by ice-water immersion or recovery at room temperature on the redox state, activities of selected lysosomal enzymes and activity of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) in the blood of healthy sportsmen. Eleven amateur football players aged 18 were randomly assigned to two similar 30-min aerobic cycle ergometer tests followed by a recovery at room temperature (20 °C; Experiment 1) or ice-water immersion (3 °C, 5 min; Experiment 2). Peripheral blood was collected three times during both study experiments: before (baseline), as well as 20 and 40 min after the recovery or immersion. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in blood plasma (plTBARS) and erythrocytes (erTBARS) were measured. The erythrocytic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also determined. In the blood serum, the activities of acid phosphatase (AcP), arylsulphatase (ASA), cathepsin D (CTS D) and AAT were evaluated. The activities of AcP, ASA, CTS D and AAT changed similarly during both experiments. The GPx activity decreased 40 min after the exercise/recovery compared to the baseline activity and was lower than 40 min after the exercise/immersion. The exercise followed by the recovery or immersion had no significant effect on the serum lysosomal and AAT activities in the studied men. The exercise/recovery reduced the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the men's erythrocytes, however the exercise/immersion demonstrated the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sutkowy
- The Chair of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Alina Woźniak
- The Chair of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Boraczyński
- Central Research Laboratory, Józef Rusiecki Olsztyn University, Bydgoska 33, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Boraczyński
- Central Research Laboratory, Józef Rusiecki Olsztyn University, Bydgoska 33, 10-243 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- The Chair of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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162
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Nerolidol-loaded nanospheres prevent behavioral impairment via ameliorating Na +, K +-ATPase and AChE activities as well as reducing oxidative stress in the brain of Trypanosoma evansi-infected mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:139-148. [PMID: 27807596 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nerolidol-loaded nanospheres (N-NS) on the treatment of memory impairment caused by Trypanosoma evansi in mice, as well as oxidative stress, and Na+, K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in brain tissue. Animals were submitted to behavioral tasks (inhibitory avoidance task and open-field test) 4 days postinfection (PI). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities were measured on the fifth-day PI. T. evansi-infected mice showed memory deficit, increased ROS and TBARS levels and SOD and AChE activities, and decreased CAT and Na+, K+-ATPase activities compared to uninfected mice. N-NS prevented memory impairment and oxidative stress parameters (except SOD activity), while free nerolidol (N-F) restored only CAT activity. Also, N-NS treatment was able to prevent alterations in Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities caused by T. evansi infection. A significantly negative correlation was observed between memory and ROS production (p < 0.001; r = -0.941), as well as between memory and AChE activity (p < 0.05; r = -0.774). On the contrary, a significantly positive correlation between memory and Na+, K+-ATPase activity was observed (p < 0.01; r = 0.844). In conclusion, N-NS was able to reverse memory impairment and to prevent increased ROS and TBARS levels due to amelioration of Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities and to activation of the antioxidant enzymes, respectively. These results suggest that N-NS treatment may be a useful strategy to treat memory dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by T. evansi infection.
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163
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Conradi M, Riba I, Almagro-Pastor V, DelValls TA. Lethal and sublethal responses in the clam Scrobicularia plana exposed to different CO 2-acidic sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:642-652. [PMID: 27619209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the main impacts expected in CO2 leakage scenarios from carbon capture and storage in sub-seabed geological structures is the acidification of the environment. In the present work, laboratory-scale experiments were performed to investigate the effects of seawater acidification (pH 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, and control) in native clams (Scrobicularia plana) over 21 days of exposure. For this purpose, a battery of biomarkers (GSI, EROD, GST, GPX, LPO, and DNA damage) were analysed in the digestive glands of individuals collected on days 7, 14 and 21. Seawater acidification significantly affected the average life span of S. plana, and both the biomarkers analysed and the multivariate analysis approach demonstrated that seawater acidification induced a strong oxidative stress response in the clam. Oxidative stress overwhelmed the capacity of S. plana to defend its cells against it, resulting in DNA damage. Furthermore, the decline in the population of S. plana in their natural habitat could lead to a reduction in available food resources for avifauna, ichthyofauna, and for the local economy because this clam is a commercial species in the south of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conradi
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Dpto Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avd/ Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - I Riba
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - V Almagro-Pastor
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - T A DelValls
- UNESCO UNITWIN/UNICOP, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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164
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Sherman I, Gerchman Y, Sasson Y, Gnayem H, Mamane H. Disinfection and Mechanistic Insights ofEscherichia coliin Water by Bismuth Oxyhalide Photocatalysis. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:826-834. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Sherman
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- The Water Research Center at Tel-Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- Department of Biology and Environment; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Haifa, Oranim; Tivon Israel
| | - Yoel Sasson
- Casali center of Applied Chemistry; The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Hani Gnayem
- Casali center of Applied Chemistry; The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- The Water Research Center at Tel-Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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165
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Ji Y, Dai Z, Wu G, Wu Z. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal induces apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 signaling and depleting intracellular glutathione in intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32929. [PMID: 27620528 PMCID: PMC5020658 DOI: 10.1038/srep32929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative damage to cellular constituents, ultimately leading to induction of apoptotic cell death and the pathogenesis of various diseases. The molecular mechanisms for the action of ROS in intestinal diseases remain poorly defined. Here, we reported that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) treatment led to capses-3-dependent apoptosis accompanied by increased intracellular ROS level and reduced glutathione concentration in intestinal epithelial cells. These effects of 4-HNE were markedly abolished by the antioxidant L-cysteine derivative N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Further studies demonstrated that the protective effect of NAC was associated with restoration of intracellular redox state by Nrf2-related regulation of expression of genes involved in intracellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and inactivation of 4-HNE-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2). The 4-HNE-induced ERK1/2 activation was mediated by repressing mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a negative regulator of ERK1/2, through a proteasome-dependent degradation mechanism. Importantly, either overexpression of MKP-1 or NAC treatment blocked 4-HNE-induced MKP-1 degradation, thereby protecting cell from apoptosis. These novel findings provide new insights into a functional role of MKP-1 in oxidative stress-induced cell death by regulating ERK1/2 MAP kinase in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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166
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Proanthocyanidins block aldosterone-dependent up-regulation of cardiac gamma ENaC and Nedd4-2 inactivation via SGK1. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 37:13-19. [PMID: 27592201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone plays a central role in the development of cardiac pathological states involving ion transport imbalances, especially sodium transport. We have previously demonstrated a cardioprotective effect of proanthocyanidins in aldosterone-treated rats. Our objective was to investigate for the first time the effect of proanthocyanidins on serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), epithelial Na+ channel (γ-ENaC), neuronal precursor cells expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2) and phosphoNedd4-2 protein expression in the hearts of aldosterone-treated rats. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1mg kg-1day-1)+1% NaCl for 3weeks. Half of the animals in each group were simultaneously treated with the proanthocyanidins-rich extract (80% w/w) (PRO80, 5mg kg-1day-1). Hypertension and diastolic dysfunction induced by aldosterone were abolished by treatment with PRO80. Expression of fibrotic, inflammatory and oxidative mediators were increased by aldosterone-salt administration and blunted by PRO80. Antioxidant capacity was improved by PRO80. The up-regulated aldosterone mediator SGK1, ENaC and p-Nedd4-2/total Nedd4-2 ratio were blocked by PRO80. PRO80 blunted aldosterone-mineralocorticoid-mediated up-regulation of ENaC provides new mechanistic insight of the beneficial effect of proanthocyanidins preventing the cardiac alterations induced by aldosterone excess.
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167
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Protective Effects of Costunolide against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury in PC12 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070898. [PMID: 27409597 PMCID: PMC6274107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated cellular injury has been considered as a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by antioxidants may be a potential strategy for retarding the diseases’ progression. Costunolide (CS) is a well-known sesquiterpene lactone, used as a popular herbal remedy, which possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of CS against the cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to elucidate potential protective mechanisms in PC12 cells. The results showed that the treatment of PC12 cells with CS prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased the cell viability. Furthermore, it decreased the intracellular ROS, stabilized the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), and reduced apoptosis-related protein such as caspase 3. In addition, CS treatment attenuated the cell injury by H2O2 through the inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results demonstrated that CS is promising as a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases resulting from oxidative damage and further research on this topic should be encouraged.
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168
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Koning AM, Meijers WC, Pasch A, Leuvenink HGD, Frenay ARS, Dekker MM, Feelisch M, de Boer RA, van Goor H. Serum free thiols in chronic heart failure. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:452-458. [PMID: 27378569 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key element of the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). As free thiols are readily oxidized by reactive oxygen and sulfur species, their circulating level may directly reflect the systemic redox status. This study addresses the role of serum free thiols in chronic HF, which is of particular interest as free thiols are amenable to therapeutic modulation and thus are a potential target for therapy. Free thiols were measured in serum of 101 previously characterized stable chronic HF patients (93% male, age 63.7±10.0y, left ventricular ejection fraction 34.6±8.2%), adjusted for total serum protein, and subsequently analysed for associations with clinical and outcome parameters. The mean serum free thiol concentration was 3.6±0.5μM/g protein. Patients with above-average levels were younger, had better renal function, lower levels of NT-proBNP and PTH, and higher levels of cholesterol. Furthermore, above-average levels were associated with favourable disease outcome, i.e. a decreased rehospitalisation rate and increased patient survival (HR 0.27 (95% CI 0.11-0.62), P=0.002) independent of associated clinical parameters, age and PTH. After adjustment for cholesterol or established prognostic factors in HF, eGFR and NT-proBNP the association was no longer significant, suggesting involvement of these variables in a common pathophysiological pathway. This exploratory study demonstrates favourable associations of serum free thiols with markers of HF severity and prognosis as well as disease outcome, which should be further investigated in larger prospective studies. Restoring redox status by therapeutic modulation of free thiols may be a promising strategy to improve disease outcome in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Koning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Research and Calciscon AG, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Roos S Frenay
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinda M Dekker
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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169
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Malkova A, Kohlerova R, Fiala Z, Hamakova K, Selke-Krulichova I, Borska L. Genotoxic changes in peripheral lymphocytes after therapeutic exposure to crude coal tar and ultraviolet radiation. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:553-558. [PMID: 27283756 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Goeckerman therapy is based on combined exposure to UV radiation (UVA, UVB) and crude coal tar (PAHs). Some indicators suggest a genotoxic hazard, however, the level of genotoxic risk of the therapy has not yet been investigated sufficiently. This study aims to assesss the genotoxic risk. METHODS The studied group consisted of patients with chronic stable plaque psoriasis treated by Goeckerman therapy (n = 29). Heparin-treated peripheral blood samples were collected one day before the first treatment and immediately after the last procedure. The lymphocytes were isolated from the blood. The level of genotoxicity was evaluated using an alkaline version of the Comet assay which detects DNA single strand breaks (DNA-SSBs), a neutral version of the Comet assay which detects DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs), and using chromosomal aberrations. RESULTS The level of DNA-SSBs increased insignificantly (median; Q1-Q3): 1.4 (0.4; 0.1-1.4) vs. 2.5 (0.6; 0.3-2.7) %tDNA (P = 0.11) and the level of DNA-DSBs increased significantly: 7.8 (6.5; 3.4-10.5) vs. 20.7 (19.3; 14.2-24.6) % DNA (P < 0.001). The total number of aberrated cells (P < 0.001) and structurally aberrated cells (P < 0.001) increased significantly. CONCLUSION The elevated levels of the DNA-DSBs and the chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral lymphocytes indicated a genotoxic hazard. However, the elevated level of the chromosomal abnormalities was below the upper level of the reference range for healthy Czech adults. While, the genotoxic risk appears to be low, Goeckerman treatment represents a further contribution to the lifetime load of genotoxic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malkova
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Kohlerova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kvetoslava Hamakova
- Clinic of Dermal and Venereal Disease, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Selke-Krulichova
- Department of Medical Biophysic, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Borska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Coresponding autor: Lenka Borska, e-mail
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170
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Zhu L, Lu J, Tang X, Fu G, Duan P, Quan C, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Chang W, Shi Y. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces apoptosis of GC-2spd cells via TR4/Bcl-2 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 44:18-24. [PMID: 27084994 PMCID: PMC5491968 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used environmental endocrine disruptor. Many studies have reported that DEHP exposure causes reproductive toxicity and cells apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which DEHP exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. This study investigated the role of the testicular orphan nuclear receptor4 (TR4)/Bcl-2 pathway in apoptosis induced by DEHP, which resulted in reproductive damage. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the male reproductive toxicity of DEHP, we sought to investigate apoptotic effects, expression levels of TR4/Bcl-2 pathway in GC-2spd cells, including TR4, Bcl-2 and caspase-3. GC-2spd cells were exposed to various concentrations of DEHP (0, 50, 100, or 200μM). The results indicated that, with the increase of the concentrations of DEHP, the survival rate of cell decreased gradually. DEHP exposure at over 100μM significantly induced apoptotic cell death. DEHP decreased SOD and GSH-Px activity in 200μM group. Compared to the control group, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 increased significantly, however, Bcl-2 mRNA decreased (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant reduction in TR4, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 protein levels. Taken together, these results lead us to speculate that in vitro exposure to DEHP might induce apoptosis in GC-2spd cells through the TR4/Bcl-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, PR China
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Guoqing Fu
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Peng Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao Quan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Wei Chang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
| | - Yuqin Shi
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) was initially described in metazoans as a genetically controlled process leading to intracellular breakdown and engulfment by a neighboring cell . This process was distinguished from other forms of cell death like necrosis by maintenance of plasma membrane integrity prior to engulfment and the well-defined genetic system controlling this process. Apoptosis was originally described as a mechanism to reshape tissues during development. Given this context, the assumption was made that this process would not be found in simpler eukaryotes such as budding yeast. Although basic components of the apoptotic pathway were identified in yeast, initial observations suggested that it was devoid of prosurvival and prodeath regulatory proteins identified in mammalian cells. However, as apoptosis became extensively linked to the elimination of damaged cells, key PCD regulatory proteins were identified in yeast that play similar roles in mammals. This review highlights recent discoveries that have permitted information regarding PCD regulation in yeast to now inform experiments in animals.
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172
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Yin S, Guo H, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wang X, Tang K, Li J. Nickel Chloride (NiCl2) Induces Histopathological Lesions via Oxidative Damage in the Broiler's Bursa of Fabricius. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:214-23. [PMID: 26440478 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the histopathological lesions, oxidative damage, changes of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) contents in the bursa of Fabricius and serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) induced by dietary nickel chloride (NiCl2). Two hundred and eighty-one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into four groups and fed on a control diet and three experimental diets supplemented with 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days. Lesions were observed in the NiCl2-treated groups. Histopathologically, lymphocytes were decreased in lymphoid follicles with thinner cortices and wider medullae. Concurrently, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical and glutathione (GSH) contents were significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased in the NiCl2-treated groups. The serum IgG, IgM, and bursa IgG and IgM contents were significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) lower in the NiCl2-treated groups than those in the control group. The above-mentioned results show that dietary NiCl2 in excess of 300 mg/kg can cause histopathological lesions via oxidative damage, which finally impairs the function of the bursa of Fabricius and reduces IgG and IgM contents of the serum and the bursa of Fabricius. The study is aimed to provide helpful materials for studies on Ni- or Ni compounds-induced B cell toxicity in both human and other animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an, China
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173
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Tan S, Hu X, Yin P, Zhao L. Photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress to the toxic Phaeocystis globosa caused by a diketopiperazine isolated from products of algicidal bacterium metabolism. J Microbiol 2016; 54:364-75. [PMID: 27095455 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria have been turned out to be available for inhibiting Phaeocystis globosa which frequently caused harmful algal blooms and threatened to economic development and ecological balance. A marine bacterium Bacillus sp. Ts-12 exhibited significant algicidal activity against P. globosa by indirect attack. In present study, an algicidal compound was isolated by silica gel column, Sephadex G-15 column and HPLC, further identified as hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, cyclo-(Pro-Gly), by GC-MS and (1)H-NMR. Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) significantly increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within P. globosa cells, further activating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The increase in methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content showed that the surplus ROS induced lipid peroxidation on membrane system. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis revealed that cyclo-(Pro-Gly) caused reduction of Chl-a content, destruction of cell membrane integrity, chloroplasts and nuclear structure. Real-time PCR assay showed that the transcriptions of photosynthesis related genes (psbA, psbD, rbcL) were significantly inhibited. This study indicated that cyclo-(Pro-Gly) from marine Bacillus sp. Ts-12 exerted photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress to P. globosa and eventually led to the algal cells lysis. This algicidal compound might be potential bio-agent for controlling P. globosa red tide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Pinghe Yin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China.
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174
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Abdellatef AA, Khalil AA. Ameliorated effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076 and Pediococcus acidilactici NNRL B-5627 on Fumonisin B1-induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in rats. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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175
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Nixon B, Bromfield EG, Dun MD, Redgrove KA, McLaughlin EA, Aitken RJ. The role of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) in regulating human sperm-egg recognition. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:568-73. [PMID: 25865850 PMCID: PMC4492046 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.151395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common lesions present in the spermatozoa of human infertility patients is an idiopathic failure of sperm-egg recognition. Although this unique cellular interaction can now be readily by-passed by assisted reproductive strategies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), recent large-scale epidemiological studies have encouraged the cautious use of this technology and highlighted the need for further research into the mechanisms responsible for defective sperm-egg recognition. Previous work in this field has established that the sperm domains responsible for oocyte interaction are formed during spermatogenesis prior to being dynamically modified during epididymal maturation and capacitation in female reproductive tract. While the factors responsible for the regulation of these sequential maturational events are undoubtedly complex, emerging research has identified the molecular chaperone, heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2), as a key regulator of these events in human spermatozoa. HSPA2 is a testis-enriched member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein family that promotes the folding, transport, and assembly of protein complexes and has been positively correlated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. Furthermore, reduced expression of HSPA2 from the human sperm proteome leads to an impaired capacity for cumulus matrix dispersal, sperm-egg recognition and fertilization following both IVF and ICSI. In this review, we consider the evidence supporting the role of HSPA2 in sperm function and explore the potential mechanisms by which it is depleted in the spermatozoa of infertile patients. Such information offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science; Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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176
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Di Giancamillo A, Rossi R, Pastorelli G, Deponti D, Carollo V, Casamassima D, Domeneghini C, Corino C. The effects of dietary verbascoside on blood and liver oxidative stress status induced by a high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids diet in piglets. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:2849-59. [PMID: 26115272 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four weaned female Hypor piglets (10.9 ± 0.1 kg mean BW) were used to evaluate the antioxidant effect of a natural extract, titrated in verbascoside, on blood and liver oxidative status in relation to a high intake of n-6 PUFA, inducing oxidative stress. Piglets were assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups; the first group was fed a diet with 9% sunflower oil (T1) and the second received the sunflower oil diet supplemented with 5 mg of verbascoside/kg feed from Verbenaceae extract (Lippia spp.; T2). The third group was fed a control diet (CTR), in which an isoenergetic replacement of oil by starch was done. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the trial (30 d). At the end of the trial, the animals were slaughtered and the liver specimens were collected. Oxidative stress markers, including total antiradical activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activities, were determined in blood samples. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plasma levels were also evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were performed in liver to evaluate heat shock protein (Hsp) 70, Hsp90, and Kupffer and Ito cell activation. Liver activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT were also determined. Total antiradical activity in blood and red blood cells were affected (P < 0.01) by dietary treatments. The n-6 PUFA supplementation at a high dosage for 30 d induced oxidative stress, decreasing total antiradical activity in blood and red blood cells (CTR vs. T1 + T2; P < 0.01) and plasma CAT activity (CTR vs. T1 + T2; P = 0.088) and increasing ALT value (CTR vs. T1 + T2; P < 0.01). Also, in liver, the CAT and GPX activities tended to be lower in pigs fed n-6 PUFA diets than pigs fed a control diet (CTR vs. T1 + T2; = 0.090 and = 0.085, respectively). The liver samples presented a normal architecture and no Ito and Kupffer cell activations were observed. In liver, the SOD activity tended to be lower in the T1 group (P = 0.064) than in the CTR and T2 groups. Moreover, the level of Hsp70 was higher (P < 0.01) in the T1 group than the CTR and T2 groups. These data suggest that the dose of dietary verbascoside partially restores the antioxidant status of the liver without affecting the systemic responses to oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet.
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177
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Gomes AC, Kordala AJ, Strack R, Wang X, Geslain R, Delaney K, Clark WC, Keenan R, Pan T. A dual fluorescent reporter for the investigation of methionine mistranslation in live cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:467-476. [PMID: 26729921 PMCID: PMC4748823 DOI: 10.1261/rna.054163.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells under oxidative stress, the methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) misacylates noncognate tRNAs at frequencies as high as 10% distributed among up to 28 tRNA species. Instead of being detrimental for the cell, misincorporation of methionine residues in the proteome reduces the risk of oxidative damage to proteins, which aids the oxidative stress response. tRNA microarrays have been essential for the detection of the full pattern of misacylated tRNAs, but have limited capacity to investigate the misacylation and mistranslation mechanisms in live cells. Here we develop a dual-fluorescence reporter to specifically measure methionine misincorporation at glutamic acid codons GAA and GAG via tRNA(Glu) mismethionylation in human cells. Our method relies on mutating a specific Met codon in the active site of the fluorescent protein mCherry to a Glu codon that renders mCherry nonfluorescent when translation follows the genetic code. Mistranslation utilizing mismethionylated tRNA(Glu) restores fluorescence in proportion to the amount of misacylated tRNA(Glu). This cellular approach works well for both transient transfection and established stable HEK293 lines. It is rapid, straightforward, and well suited for high-throughput activity analysis under a wide range of physiological conditions. As a proof of concept, we apply this method to characterize the effect of human tRNA(Glu) isodecoders on mistranslation and discuss the implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Anna J Kordala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Rita Strack
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Renaud Geslain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kamila Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Wesley C Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Robert Keenan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Institute of Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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178
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Guillaumot D, Issawi M, Da Silva A, Leroy-Lhez S, Sol V, Riou C. Synergistic enhancement of tolerance mechanisms in response to photoactivation of cationic tetra (N-methylpyridyl) porphyrins in tomato plantlets. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 156:69-78. [PMID: 26854612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) is largely used in medical domain and could be envisaged as a farming practice against crop pathogens such as bacteria and fungi that generate drops in agricultural yields. Thus, as a prerequisite for this potential application, we studied the effect of water-soluble anionic (TPPS and Zn-TPPS) and cationic (TMPyP and Zn-TMPyP) porphyrins tested on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plantlets grown in vitro under a 16 h photoperiod. First of all, under dark conditions, none of the four porphyrins inhibited germination and induced cytotoxic effects on tomato plantlets as etiolated development was not altered. The consequences of porphyrin long-term photoactivation (14 days) were thus studied on in vitro-grown tomato plantlets at phenotypic and molecular levels. Cationic porphyrins especially Zn-TMPyP were the most efficient photosensitizers and dramatically altered growth without killing plantlets. Indeed, tomato plantlets were rescued after cationic porphyrins treatment. To gain insight, the different molecular ways implied in the plantlet tolerance to photoactivated Zn-TMPyP, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative molecules (total thiols, proline, ascorbate), and ROS detoxification enzymes were evaluated. In parallel to an increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production, antioxidative molecules and enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were up-regulated in root apparatus in response to photoactivated Zn-TMPyP. This study showed that tomato plantlets could overcome the pressure triggered by photoactivated cationic porphyrin by activating antioxidative molecule and enzyme arsenal and confining Zn-TMPyP into cell wall and/or apoplasm, suggesting that APDT directed against tomato pathogens could be envisaged in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Guillaumot
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (EA 1069), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Issawi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (EA 1069), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Anne Da Silva
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire et Animale (UMR INRA 1061), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Stephanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (EA 1069), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (EA 1069), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Riou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (EA 1069), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
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179
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Quantitative profiling of prostaglandins as oxidative stress biomarkers in vitro and in vivo by negative ion online solid phase extraction - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2016; 498:68-77. [PMID: 26808647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Free radical-mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostanoids has been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as oxidative stress. Here, we report on the development of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to measure several classes of prostaglandin derivatives based on regioisomer-specific mass transitions down to levels of 20 pg/ml applied to the measurement of prostaglandin biomarkers in primary hepatocytes. The quantitative profiling of prostaglandin derivatives in rat and human hepatocytes revealed the increase of several isomers on stress response. In addition to the well-established markers for oxidative stress such as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and the prostaglandin isomers PE2 and PD2, this method revealed a significant increase of 15R-prostaglandin D2 from 236.1 ± 138.0 pg/1E6 cells in untreated rat hepatocytes to 2001 ± 577.1 pg/1E6 cells on treatment with ferric NTA (an Fe(3+) chelate with nitrilotriacetic acid causing oxidative stress in vitro as well as in vivo). Like 15R-prostaglandin D2, an unassigned isomer that revealed a more significant increase than commonly analyzed prostaglandin derivatives was identified. Mass spectrometric detection on a high-resolution instrument enabled high-quality quantitative analysis of analytes in plasma levels from rat experiments, where increased concentrations up to 23-fold change treatment with Fe(III)NTA were observed.
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180
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Mesquita VA, Silva CF, Soares EV. Toxicity Induced by a Metal Mixture (Cd, Pb and Zn) in the Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:545-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-0987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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181
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Heidari R, Rasti M, Shirazi Yeganeh B, Niknahad H, Saeedi A, Najibi A. Sulfasalazine-induced renal and hepatic injury in rats and the protective role of taurine. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2016; 6:3-8. [PMID: 27340618 PMCID: PMC4916549 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sulfasalazine is a drug commonly administrated against inflammatory-based disorders. On the other hand, kidney and liver injury are serious adverse events accompanied by sulfasalazine administration. No specific therapeutic option is available against this complication. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of taurine against sulfasalazine-induced kidney and liver injury in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with sulfasalazine (600 mg/kg, oral) for 14 consecutive days. Animals received different doses of taurine (250, 500 and 1000 mg/ kg, i.p.) every day. Markers of organ injury were evaluated on day 15(th), 24 h after the last dose of sulfasalazine. RESULTS Sulfasalazine caused renal and hepatic injury as judged by an increase in serum level of creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were raised in kidney and liver of sulfasalazine-treated animals. Moreover, tissue glutathione reservoirs were depleted after sulfasalazine administration. Histopathological changes of kidney and liver also endorsed organ injury. Taurine administration (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, i.p) alleviated sulfasalazine-induced renal and hepatic damage. CONCLUSION Taurine administration could serve as a potential protective agent with therapeutic capabilities against sulfasalazine adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Niknahad,
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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182
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Eckshtain-Levi M, Lavi R, Yufit DS, Daniel B, Green O, Fleker O, Richman M, Rahimipour S, Gruzman A, Benisvy L. A versatile water-soluble chelating and radical scavenging platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2350-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08198j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The reported water-soluble, non-cytotoxic phenol-diamide compound, 1OH, is capable of both, trapping ROS species and chelating Cu(ii)/Fe(iii) ions; thereby inducing a protective effect against ROS induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronit Lavi
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | | | - Bareket Daniel
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Omer Green
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Ohad Fleker
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Michal Richman
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Laurent Benisvy
- Department of Chemistry
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat Gan 52900
- Israel
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183
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Guo H, Chen L, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wang X, Wu B. Research Advances on Pathways of Nickel-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:E10. [PMID: 26703593 PMCID: PMC4730257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of nickel (Ni) are harmful to humans and animals. Ni targets a number of organs and produces multiple toxic effects. Apoptosis is important in Ni-induced toxicity of the kidneys, liver, nerves, and immune system. Apoptotic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Fas, and c-Myc participate in Ni-induced cell apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of apoptosis caused by Ni is still unclear. Understanding the mechanism of Ni-induced apoptosis may help in designing measures to prevent Ni toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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184
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Tucker PS, Briskey DR, Scanlan AT, Coombes JS, Dalbo VJ. High intensity interval training favourably affects antioxidant and inflammation mRNA expression in early-stage chronic kidney disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:466-72. [PMID: 26453919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to the progression of chronic kidney disease. To reduce oxidative stress and inflammation related to chronic kidney disease, chronic aerobic exercise is often recommended. Data suggests high intensity interval training may be more beneficial than traditional aerobic exercise. However, appraisals of differing modes of exercise, along with explanations of mechanisms responsible for observed effects, are lacking. This study assessed effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (85% VO2max), versus low intensity exercise (45-50% VO2max) and sedentary behaviour, in an animal model of early-stage chronic kidney disease. We examined kidney-specific mRNA expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase 1; Gpx1, superoxide dismutase 1; Sod1, and catalase; Cat) and inflammation (kidney injury molecule 1; Kim1 and tumour necrosis factor receptor super family 1b; Tnfrsf1b), as well as plasma F2-isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Compared to sedentary behaviour, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Sod1 (p=0.01) and Cat (p<0.001). Compared to low intensity exercise, high intensity interval training resulted in increased mRNA expression of Cat (p<0.001) and Tnfrsf1b (p=0.047). In this study, high intensity interval training was superior to sedentary behaviour and low intensity exercise as high intensity interval training beneficially influenced expression of genes related to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Tucker
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702; Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702.
| | - David R Briskey
- Antioxidant Research Group, Room 535, Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences Building, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072.
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702; Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702.
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Antioxidant Research Group, Room 535, Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences Building, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072.
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702; Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Bruce Highway, Building 81, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia 4702.
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185
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Guo XM, Chen B, Lv JM, Lei Q, Pan YJ, Yang Q. Knockdown of IRF6 Attenuates Hydrogen Dioxide-Induced Oxidative Stress via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HT22 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:1077-86. [PMID: 26620051 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced cell damage is involved in many neurological diseases. Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, is required for the differentiation of skin, breast epithelium, and oral epithelium. However, the regulation and function of IRF6 in central nervous system remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of IRF6 in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative neuronal injury in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Treatment with H2O2 significantly increased the expression of IRF6 at both mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of IRF6 using specific small interfering RNA reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, as evidenced by increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. Knockdown of IRF6 attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation, and also preserved endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. The inhibitory effect of IRF6 knockdown on mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated by reduced mitochondrial oxidative level, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP generation, as well as attenuated mitochondrial swelling. In addition, down-regulation of IRF6 inhibited the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic factors, whereas IRF6 knockdown together with caspase inhibitors had no extra effect on cell viability and LDH release. These results suggest that knockdown of IRF6 has protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS accumulation and apoptosis, and these protective effects are dependent on preservation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Meng Lv
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Juan Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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186
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Photoinhibition of Phaeocystis globosa resulting from oxidative stress induced by a marine algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. LP-10. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17002. [PMID: 26601700 PMCID: PMC4658505 DOI: 10.1038/srep17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms caused by Phaeocystis globosa have resulted in staggering losses to coastal countries because of their world-wide distribution. Bacteria have been studied for years to control the blooms of harmful alga, however, the action mechanism of them against harmful algal cells is still not well defined. Here, a previously isolated algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. LP-10 was used to elucidate the potential mechanism involved in the dysfunction of P. globosa algal cells at physiological and molecular levels. Our results showed Bacillus sp. LP-10 induced an obvious rise of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was supposed to be major reason for algal cell death. Meanwhile, the results revealed a significant decrease of photosynthetic physiological indexes and apparent down-regulated of photosynthesis-related genes (psbA and rbcS) and protein (PSII reaction center protein D1), after treated by Bacillus sp. LP-10 filtrates, suggesting photoinhibition occurred in the algal cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that light played important roles in the algal cell death. Our work demonstrated that the major lethal reason of P. globosa cells treated by the algicidal bacterium was the photoinhibition resulted from oxidative stress induced by Bacillus sp. LP-10.
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187
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Solovieva EY, Chipova DT. [From the conception of «oxidizing stress» to the conception of «cell signaling modulation»]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:105-111. [PMID: 26356624 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201511581105-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the current conception of "oxidizing stress" which covers a wide group of various interrelated phenomena including higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage of cellular molecular components. Currently the term of oxidizing stress is used for the description of pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance, with the prevalence of the former, that results in the damage of biological molecules and cellular structures. However ROS do not play a single role in oxidative metabolism. There are also active nitrogen forms, reactive forms of carbon, chlorine and sulphur. These highly reactive molecules are involved in many reactions and play a great role in the regulation of different metabolic processes in the body. These reactions underlie such pathological processes as heart ischemia, atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia and different types of inflammation. An effect of highly reactive molecules on the destruction of biologically important molecular in different stressful conditions is determined by the reactions they are involved in. But the balance of oxidizers and antioxidants should not be considered as a unified system because main cellular redox systems are not in the redox equilibrium. In this view, a search for an optimal oxidizer that impacts on the modulation of cellular signal pathways related with ROS development is the most effective way in the development of antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Solovieva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | - D T Chipova
- Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik
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188
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Teppner M, Böss F, Ernst B, Pähler A. Application of lipid peroxidation products as biomarkers for flutamide-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2015; 238:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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189
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in ADHD. METHOD We examined the association of ADHD and oxidative stress by applying random effects meta-analysis to studies of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in medication naive patients with ADHD and controls. RESULTS Six studies of a total of 231 ADHD patients and 207 controls met our selection criteria. The association between ADHD and antioxidant status was not significant. We found a significant association between ADHD and oxidative stress that could not be accounted for by publication bias. The significant association lost significance after correcting for intrastudy clustering. No one observation accounted for the positive result. CONCLUSION These results are preliminary given the small number of studies. They suggest that patients with ADHD have normal levels of antioxidant production, but that their response to oxidative stress is insufficient, leading to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhin Joseph
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
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190
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Maiolino G, Azzolini M, Rossi GP, Davis PA, Calò LA. Bartter/Gitelman syndromes as a model to study systemic oxidative stress in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:51-8. [PMID: 25770663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in reduction-oxidation reactions that begin with the addition of one electron to molecular oxygen, generating the primary ROS superoxide, which in turn interacts with other molecules to produce secondary ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. ROS are continuously produced during metabolic processes and are deemed to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, namely, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and atherosclerosis, via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Ang II stimulates NADPH oxidases, leading to higher ROS generation and oxidative stress. Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients, despite elevated plasma renin activity, Ang II, and aldosterone levels, exhibit reduced peripheral resistance, normal/low blood pressure, and blunted pressor effect of vasoconstrictors. In addition, notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increased plasma levels of Ang II, these patients display decreased production of ROS, reduced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant defenses. In fact, Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients are characterized by reduced levels of p22(phox) gene expression and undetectable plasma peroxynitrite levels, while showing increased plasma antioxidant power and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, multifarious data suggest that Bartter and Gitelman syndrome patients are a model of low oxidative stress and high antioxidant defenses. The contribution offered by the study of these syndromes in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this favorable status could offer chances for new therapeutic targets in disease characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiolino
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Azzolini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy.
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191
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Heidari R, Taheri V, Rahimi HR, Shirazi Yeganeh B, Niknahad H, Najibi A. Sulfasalazine-induced renal injury in rats and the protective role of thiol-reductants. Ren Fail 2015; 38:137-41. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1096731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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192
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Tang CH, Ku PC, Lin CY, Chen TH, Lee KH, Lee SH, Wang WH. Intra-Colonial Functional Differentiation-Related Modulation of the Cellular Membrane in a Pocilloporid Coral Seriatopora caliendrum. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:633-643. [PMID: 26242752 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Scleractinian corals have displayed phenotypic gradients of polyps within a single genotypic colony, and this has profound implications for their biology. The intrinsic polymorphism of membrane lipids and the molecular interactions involved allow cells to dynamically organize their membranes to have physicochemical properties appropriate for their physiological requirements. To gain insight into the accommodation of the cellular membrane during ontogenetic shifts, intra-colony differences in the glycerophosphocholine profiling of a pocilloporid coral, Seriatopora caliendrum, were characterized using a previously validated method. Specifically, several major polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines showed higher levels in the distal tissue of coral branches. In contrast, the corresponding molecules with 1-2-degree less unsaturation and plasmanylcholines were expressed more highly in the proximal tissue. The lipid profiles of these two colonial positions also contrasted sharply with regard to the saturated, monounsaturated, and lyso-glycerophosphocholine ratios. Based on the biochemical and biophysical properties of these lipids, the associated modulation of cellular membrane properties could be related to the physiological requirements, including coral growth and aging, of the functionally differentiated polyps. In this study, the metabolic regulation of membrane lipids involved in the functional differentiation of polyps within a S. caliendrum colony was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ho Tang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Houwan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan,
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193
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Becking T, Mrugała A, Delaunay C, Svoboda J, Raimond M, Viljamaa-Dirks S, Petrusek A, Grandjean F, Braquart-Varnier C. Effect of experimental exposure to differently virulent Aphanomyces astaci strains on the immune response of the noble crayfish Astacus astacus. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 132:115-124. [PMID: 26410255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
European crayfish are sensitive to the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, carried by North American crayfish species due to their less effective immune defence mechanisms against this disease. During a controlled infection experiment with a susceptible crayfish species Astacus astacus using three A. astaci strains (representing genotype groups A, B, and E), we investigated variation in their virulence and in crayfish immune defence indicators (haemocyte density, phenoloxidase activity, and production of reactive oxygen species). Experimental crayfish were exposed to two dosages of A. astaci spores (1 and 10 spores mL(-1)). The intensity and timing of the immune response differed between the strains as well as between the spore concentrations. Stronger and faster change in each immune parameter was observed in crayfish infected with two more virulent strains, indicating a relationship between crayfish immune response and A. astaci virulence. Similarly, the immune response was stronger and was observed earlier for the higher spore concentration. For the first time, the virulence of a strain of the genotype group E (isolated from Orconectes limosus) was experimentally tested. Total mortality was reached after 10 days for the two higher spore dosages (10 and 100 spores mL(-1)), and after 16 days for the lowest (1 spore mL(-1)), revealing equally high and rapid mortality as caused by the genotype group B (from Pacifastacus leniusculus). No mortality occurred after infection with genotype group A during 60 days of the experimental trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Becking
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe: Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, 5 rue Albert Turpin, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Agata Mrugała
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague 2 CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Carine Delaunay
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe: Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, 5 rue Albert Turpin, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jiří Svoboda
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague 2 CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Maryline Raimond
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe: Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, 5 rue Albert Turpin, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Satu Viljamaa-Dirks
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, OIE Reference Laboratory for Crayfish Plague, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague 2 CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe: Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, 5 rue Albert Turpin, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Christine Braquart-Varnier
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe: Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, 5 rue Albert Turpin, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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194
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Kim UJ, Won R, Lee KH. Neuroprotective effects of okadaic acid following oxidative injury in organotypic hippocampal slice culture. Brain Res 2015; 1618:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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195
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Abstract
Oxygen is used by eukaryotic cells for metabolic transformations and energy production in mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, there is a constant endogenous production of intermediates of reactive oxygen (ROI) and nitrogen species (RNI) that interact as signaling molecules in physiological mechanisms. When these species are not eliminated by antioxidants or are produced in excess, oxidative stress arises. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, and organelles. It is a process directly linked to inflammation; in fact, inflammatory cells secrete a large number of cytokines and chemokines responsible for the production of ROI and RNI in phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells through the activation of protein kinases signaling. Currently, there is a wide variety of diseases capable of producing inflammatory manifestations. While, in the short term, most of these diseases are not fatal they have a major impact on life quality. Since there is a direct relationship between chronic inflammation and many emerging disorders like cancer, oral diseases, kidney diseases, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal chronic diseases or rheumatics diseases, the aim of this review is to describe the use and role of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, that works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger, like a potent antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroha Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, Granada 18071, Spain.
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196
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Antidepressant-Like and Antioxidant Effects of Plinia trunciflora in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:601503. [PMID: 26229543 PMCID: PMC4503558 DOI: 10.1155/2015/601503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The jaboticaba tree, Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel, is popularly named "jabuticabeira" in Brazil and is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes and chronic inflammation of the tonsils, but studies evaluating the central effects of this species are limited. This study evaluated the antidepressant-like and antioxidant effects of P. trunciflora (PT) aqueous extract, in which five different anthocyanins were identified. PT showed significant ferric-reduction power and DPPH radical scavenging activity in vitro and reduced lipid peroxidation both in vitro and ex vivo. At the behavioural level, PT (400 and 800 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced immobility time in the tail suspension test in Swiss male mice. The identification of bioactive compounds accompanied by the in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity of PT suggests that these activities might be related to the antidepressant-like activity of P. trunciflora.
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197
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Fibach E, Ginsburg I. The Antioxidant Effect of Fermented Papaya Preparation in the Oral Cavity. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1317-1322. [PMID: 26031772 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been recognized to play important roles in various diseases, including of the oral cavity. However, nutritional supplementation of antioxidants to ameliorate the consequences of oxidative stress is debatable. One caveat is that oxidative status is often measured under non-physiological conditions. Here, we investigated the antioxidant potential of fermented papaya preparation (FPP), a product of yeast fermentation of Carica papaya Linn, under conditions that prevail in the oral cavity. Employing highly sensitive luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assays, we show that its antioxidant capacity was augmented by saliva (up to 20-fold, p < 0.0001, at 10 mg) and its components (mucin, albumin) as well as by red blood cells (RBC) and microorganisms present in the normal and pathological environment of the oral cavity. Polyphenols are major plant antioxidants. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu's assay, a very low amount of phenols was measured in FPP suspended in a salt solution. However, its suspension in saliva, albumin, mucin or RBC produced up to sixfold increase, p < 0.001, compared with the sum of polyphenols assayed separately. The results suggested that these enhancing effects were due to the solubilization of antioxidant polyphenols in FPP by saliva proteins and the binding to RBC and microorganisms, thus increasing their availability and activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fibach
- The Hematology Branch, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Ginsburg
- The Institute for Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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198
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Trnková L, Dršata J, Boušová I. Oxidation as an important factor of protein damage: Implications for Maillard reaction. J Biosci 2015; 40:419-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Park S, Kim CS, Min J, Lee SH, Jung YS. A high-fat diet increases oxidative renal injury and protein glycation in D-galactose-induced aging rats and its prevention by Korea red ginseng. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 60:159-66. [PMID: 25078371 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Declining renal function is commonly observed with age. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) may reduce renal function. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been reported to ameliorate oxidative tissue injury and have an anti-aging effect. This study was designed to investigate whether HFD would accelerate the D-galactose-induced aging process in the rat kidney and to examine the preventive effect of KRG on HFD and D-galactose-induced aging-related renal injury. When rats with D-galactose-induced aging were fed an HFD for 9 wk, enhanced oxidative DNA damage, renal cell apoptosis, protein glycation, and extracellular high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a signal of tissue damage, were observed in renal glomerular cells and tubular epithelial cells. However, treatment of rats with HFD- plus D-galactose-induced aging with KRG restored all of these renal changes. Our data suggested that a long-term HFD may enhance D-galactose-induced oxidative renal injury in rats and that this age-related renal injury could be suppressed by KRG through the repression of oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Park
- Division of Sports Industry & Science, Mokwon University
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200
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Gupta AK, Ahmad I, Ahmad M. Genotoxicity of refinery waste assessed by some DNA damage tests. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 114:250-256. [PMID: 24836934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Refinery waste effluent is well known to contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and heavy metals as potentially genotoxic substances. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxic potential of Mathura refinery wastewater (MRWW) by various in vitro tests including the single cell gel electrophoresis, plasmid nicking assay and S1 nuclease assay. Treatment of human lymphocytes to different MRWW concentrations (0.15×, 0.3×, 0.5× and 0.78×) caused the formation of comets of which the mean tail lengths increased proportionately and differed significantly from those of unexposed controls. The toxic effect of MRWW on DNA was also studied by plasmid nicking assay and S1 nuclease assay. Strand breaks formation in the MRWW treated pBR322 plasmid confirmed its genotoxic effect. Moreover, a dose dependent increase in cleavage of calf thymus DNA in S1 nuclease assay was also suggestive of the DNA damaging potential of MRWW. A higher level of ROS generation in the test water sample was recorded which might be contributing to its genotoxicity. Interaction between the constituents of MRWW and calf thymus DNA was also ascertained by UV-visible spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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