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Arnone D, Chabot C, Heba AC, Kökten T, Caron B, Hansmannel F, Dreumont N, Ananthakrishnan AN, Quilliot D, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Sugars and Gastrointestinal Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1912-1924.e7. [PMID: 34902573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar overconsumption is linked to a rise in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This increased incidence is becoming a real public health problem that is more severe than infectious diseases, contributing to 35 million deaths annually. Excessive intake of free sugars can cause many of the same health problems as excessive alcohol consumption. Many recent international recommendations have expressed concerns about sugar consumption in Westernized societies, as current consumption levels represent quantities with no precedent during hominin evolution. In both adults and children, the World Health Organization strongly recommends reducing free sugar intake to <10% of total energy intake and suggests a further reduction to below 5%. Most studies have focused on the deleterious effects of Western dietary patterns on global health and the intestine. Whereas excessive dietary fat consumption is well studied, the specific impact of sugar is poorly described, while refined sugars represent up to 40% of caloric intake within industrialized countries. However, high sugar intake is associated with multiple tissue and organ dysfunctions. Both hyperglycemia and excessive sugar intake disrupt the intestinal barrier, thus increasing gut permeability and causing profound gut microbiota dysbiosis, which results in a disturbance in mucosal immunity that enhances infection susceptibility. This review aims to highlight the roles of different types of dietary carbohydrates and the consequences of their excessive intake for intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djésia Arnone
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Chabot
- Inserm U1256, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Child Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Tunay Kökten
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Didier Quilliot
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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Huang K, Sun X, Zou Y, Li H, Xu P, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li H, Sun H, Wang W, Pang M, Luo J. Comparison of the Endophytic Bacterial Microbiota of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Ginger Rhizomes During the Activation of Adventitious Bud Development. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2470-2479. [PMID: 35286131 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-2069-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the cause of rhizome rot in ginger (Zingiber officinale). Key members of the endophytic microbial community in ginger rhizomes have not been identified, and their impact on the decay of rhizomes during the activation of adventitious bud development has not been investigated. High-throughput, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and inoculation experiments were used to analyze the microbial diversity, community structure and composition, and pathogenicity of isolated bacteria. Our results indicated that the composition of the endophytic microbiota underwent a shift during the progression of rhizome rot disease. Enterobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and the bacterial genera Clostridium, Bacteroides, Acrobacter, Dysgonomonas, Anaerosinus, Pectobacterium, and Lactococcus were relatively abundant in the bacterial community of rhizomes exhibiting bacterial decay symptoms but were also present in asymptomatic rhizomes. The presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were positively correlated (ρ = 0.83) at the beginning of the sampling period in the symptomatic group, while a positive correlation (ρ = 0.89) was only observed after 20 days in the asymptomatic group. These data indicate that the co-occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae may be associated with the development of ginger rot. Bacterial taxa isolated from ginger rhizomes, such as Enterobacter cloacae, E. hormaechei, and Pseudomonas putida, induced obvious rot symptoms when they were inoculated on ginger rhizomes. Notably, antibiotic-producing bacterial taxa in the Streptococcaceae and Flavobacteriaceae were also relatively abundant in rhizomes with rot and appeared to be linked to the onset of rhizome rot disease. Our results provide important information on the establishment and management of disease in ginger rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
- Institute of Microbial Ecology, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Xiangcheng Sun
- West China Biopharm Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yong Zou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Huihe Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Agricultural and Rural Committee of Chongqing Rongchang District, Rongchang, 402460, China
| | - Honglei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Hanchang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
- Institute of Microbial Ecology, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Min Pang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts & Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
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153
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Barrea L, Vetrani C, Caprio M, Cataldi M, Ghoch ME, Elce A, Camajani E, Verde L, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. From the Ketogenic Diet to the Mediterranean Diet: The Potential Dietary Therapy in Patients with Obesity after CoVID-19 Infection (Post CoVID Syndrome). Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:144-165. [PMID: 35524067 PMCID: PMC9075143 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review primarily examines the evidence for areas of consensus and on-going uncertainty or controversy about diet and physical exercise approaches for in the post-CoVID. We propose an ideal dietary and physical activity approach that the patient with obesity should follow after CoVID-19 infection in order to reduce the clinical conditions associated with post-CoVID syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS The CoVID-19 disease pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, has spread all over the globe, infecting hundreds of millions of individuals and causing millions of death. It is also known to be is associated with several medical and psychological complications, especially in patients with obesity and weight-related disorders who in general pose a significant global public health problem, and in specific affected individuals are on a greater risk of developing poorer CoVID-19 clinical outcomes and experience a higher rate of mortality. Little is still known about the best nutritional approach to be adopted in this disease especially in the patients post-CoVID syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, no specific nutritional recommendations exist to manage in the patients post-CoVID syndrome. We report a presentation of nutritional therapeutic approach based on a ketogenic diet protocol followed by a transition to the Mediterranean diet in patients post-infection by CoVID, combined to a physical activity program to address conditions associated with post-CoVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Umanistiche, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, isola F2, 80143, Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Medicine and Dentistry, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School of Naples, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Ausilia Elce
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Umanistiche, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, isola F2, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166, Rome, Italy
- PhD Programme in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chen X, Yan F, Liu T, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang M, Zhang C, Xu X, Deng L, Yao J, Wu S. Ruminal Microbiota Determines the High-Fiber Utilization of Ruminants: Evidence from the Ruminal Microbiota Transplant. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0044622. [PMID: 35924933 PMCID: PMC9430676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen, which contains a series of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with high abundance, determines the high ability to degrade complex carbohydrates in ruminants. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the ruminal microbiota of dairy goats with that in the foregut and colon of mice and found more Bacteroides identified in the rumen, which helps ruminants to utilize plant-derived polysaccharides, cellulose, and other structural carbohydrates. Furthermore, high-fiber diets did not significantly increase intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in mice, but did produce higher levels of ruminal fiber-degrading bacteria in dairy goats. Through rumen microbe transplantation (RMT), we found that rumen-derived fiber-degrading bacteria can colonize the intestines of mice to exert their fiber-degrading function, but their colonization efficiency is affected by diet. Additionally, the colonization of these fiber-degrading bacteria in the colon may involve higher content of butyrate in the colon, protecting the colonic epithelial barrier and promoting energy metabolism. Overall, the fiber degradation function of rumen bacteria through RMT was verified, and our results provide new insights into isolating the functional and beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen, providing a theoretical basis for the role of dietary fiber in intestinal health. IMPORTANCE Ruminants have a powerful progastric digestive system that converts structural carbohydrates into nutrients useful to humans. It is well known that this phenomenon is due to the fact that the rumen of ruminants is a natural microbial fermenter, which can ferment structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose and transform them into volatile fatty acids to supply energy for host. However, monogastric animals have an inherent disadvantage in utilizing fiber, so screening rumen-derived fiber-degrading bacteria as a fermentation strain for biological feed is needed in an attempt at improving the fiber digestibility of monogastric animals. In this study, a ruminal microbiota transplant experiment from goats to mice proves that ruminal microbiota could serve as a key factor in utilization of high-fiber diets and provides a new perspective for the development of probiotics with fiber degradation function from the rumen and the importance of the use of prebiotics during the intake of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiurong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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155
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Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids Improve Colon Lesions and Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition in Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4524444. [PMID: 36016679 PMCID: PMC9398688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBFs) exhibit diverse biological activities, with antioxidant, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the role of TBFs in attenuating glucose and lipid disturbances in diabetic mice and hence preventing the occurrence of diabetes-related colon lesions in mice by regulating the gut microbiota. The results showed that TBFs (1) reversed blood glucose levels and body weight changes; (2) improved levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fasting insulin; and (3) significantly reduced diabetes-related colon lesions in diabetic mice. In addition, TBFs also affected the diabetes-related imbalance of the gut microbiota and enriched beneficial microbiota, including Akkermansia and Prevotella. The TBF also selectively increased short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Roseburia and Odoribacter, and decreased the abundance of the diabetes-related gut microbiota, including Escherichia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila. The correlation analysis indicated that TBFs improved metabolic parameters related to key communities of the gut microbiota. Our data suggested that TBFs alleviated glucose and lipid disturbances and improved colon lesions in diabetic mice, possibly by regulating the community composition of the gut microbiota. This regulation of the gut microbiota composition may explain the observed effects of TBFs to alleviate diabetes-related symptoms.
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156
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Short-Term Partial Replacement of Corn and Soybean Meal with High-Fiber or High-Protein Feedstuffs during Metabolizable Energy Assay Influenced Intestinal Histomorphology, Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Selected Nutrient Transporters in 21-Day-Old Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172193. [PMID: 36077917 PMCID: PMC9455039 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of short-term feeding of test diets during metabolizable energy assays on growth performance, nutrient utilization, jejunal histomorphology, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and nutrient transporters in broilers. One hundred twenty-six broiler chickens were assigned to six treatments, each with seven replicates. Experimental diets were fed between days 14 and 21. Treatments included a corn−soybean meal reference diet and five test diets with low-protein soybean meal (LPSBM), wheat bran, soy hull, corn gluten feed, or rice bran. Birds were weighed on days 14 and 21; excreta, cecal content, and jejunal tissues were collected on day 21. Seven-day weight gain was highest (p < 0.01) for birds receiving the reference diet or LPSBM, whereas FCR was lowest (p < 0.05) for birds receiving the soy hull diet. Cecal acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were higher (p < 0.05) for wheat bran compared with the soy hull test diet. Jejunal villi were longer (p < 0.05) for chickens receiving the reference diet or LPSBM test diet. Glucose transporter (GLUT1) mRNA was greater (p < 0.05) in broilers receiving rice bran compared with soy hull test diets. Therefore, when reporting energy assays, it is important that indicators of animal growth or gut health be included to help contextualize energy utilization.
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157
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Abstract
The consumption of fructose as sugar and high-fructose corn syrup has markedly increased during the past several decades. This trend coincides with the exponential rise of metabolic diseases, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. While the biochemical pathways of fructose metabolism were elucidated in the early 1990s, organismal-level fructose metabolism and its whole-body pathophysiological impacts have been only recently investigated. In this review, we discuss the history of fructose consumption, biochemical and molecular pathways involved in fructose metabolism in different organs and gut microbiota, the role of fructose in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, and the remaining questions to treat such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Won-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA;,Institute of Bioengineering, Bio-MAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA;,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, USA,Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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158
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Yan J, Li J, Xue Q, Xie S, Jiang J, Li P, Du B. Bacillus sp. DU-106 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-fed and streptozotocin-induced mice. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3126-3138. [PMID: 35951725 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease that manifests as endocrine and metabolic disorders that seriously threatening public health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus sp. DU-106 on anti-diabetic effects and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2D. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus sp. DU-106 was administered to model mice for eight consecutive weeks. Oral administration of Bacillus sp. DU-106 decreased food and water intake and alleviated body weight loss. Moreover, Bacillus sp. DU-106 imparted several health benefits to mice, including balanced blood glucose, alleviation of insulin resistance in T2D mice, and an improvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. DU-106 protected against liver and pancreatic impairment. Additionally, Bacillus sp. DU-106 treatment reshaped intestinal flora by enhancing gut microbial diversity and enriching the abundance of certain functional bacteria. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that Bacillus sp. DU-106 can ameliorate T2D by regulating the gut microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Therefore, a novel probiotic, Bacillus sp. DU-106 may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving and alleviating T2D in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjian Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Xue
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiqing Xie
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Guangzhou City Polytechnic, 510405, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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159
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Cui Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Yi Y, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Roles of intestinal Parabacteroides in human health and diseases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6659190. [PMID: 35945336 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of gut microbiota is essential for the host health. Parabacteroides spp., core members of the human gut microbiota, have average abundance of 1.27% in the human of 12 populations. Parabacteroides has been recently reported to have a close relationship with host health (E.g., metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity). Parabacteroides have the physiological characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and secreting SCFAs. However, antimicrobial resistance of Parabacteroides to antibiotic (such as clindamycin, moxifloxacin and cefoxitin) should not be ignored. In this review, we primarily focused on Parabacteroides distasoniss, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Parabacteroides johnsonii and Parabacteroides merdae and discussed their relationships with host disease, diet and the prevention or induction of diseases. P. distasonis and P. goldsteinii may be viewed as the potential next generation probiotics (NGP) candidate due to their protective effects on inflammation and obesity in mice. We also discussed the potential therapeutic application of Parabacteroides spp. in maintaining host-intestine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Leshan Zhang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Hu J, Yang J, Chen L, Meng X, Zhang X, Li W, Li Z, Huang G. Alterations of the Gut Microbiome in Patients With Pituitary Adenoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610402. [PMID: 35991836 PMCID: PMC9385953 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) includes invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA) and noninvasive pituitary adenoma (NIPA), which are associated with the endocrine system. The gut microbiome plays an important role in human metabolism, but the association between the gut microbiome and pituitary adenoma remains unclear. A total of 44 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of these, 29 PA patients were further divided into IPA patients (n = 13) and NIPA patients (n = 16), while 15 healthy age-matched subjects were defined as control subjects. We collected faecal samples and characterized the gut microbial profiles by metagenomic sequencing using the Illumina X-ten platform. PLS-DA showed different microbial clusters among the three groups, and slightly different microbial ecological networks were observed. LEfSe analysis revealed significant alterations in the microbial community among PA patients. In particular, the enrichment of Clostridium innocuum, along with the reduced abundance of Oscillibacter sp. 57_20 and Fusobacterium mortiferum, were observed both in the IPA and NIPA groups compared to the control group. Moreover, PA patients could be effectively classified based on these bacteria using a support vector machine algorithm. In summary, this study demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiome between PA patients and healthy controls. Future mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether such alterations are a cause or consequence of pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zongyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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161
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Amelioration of hydrolyzed guar gum on high-fat diet-induced obesity: Integrated hepatic transcriptome and metabolome. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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162
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Involvement of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Appearance of Multiple Sclerosis: Aloe vera and Citrus bergamia as Potential Candidates for Intestinal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132711. [PMID: 35807891 PMCID: PMC9269320 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological and inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System in which selective activation of T and B lymphocytes prompts a reaction against myelin, inducing demyelination and axonal loss. Although MS is recognized to be an autoimmune pathology, the specific causes are many; thus, to date, it has been considered a disorder resulting from environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Among the environmental factors hypothetically involved in MS, nutrition seems to be well related, although the role of nutritional factors is still unclear. The gut of mammals is home to a bacterial community of about 2000 species known as the “microbiota”, whose composition changes throughout the life of each individual. There are five bacterial phylas that make up the microbiota in healthy adults: Firmicutes (79.4%), Bacteroidetes (16.9%), Actinobacteria (2.5%), Proteobacteria (1%) and Verrucomicrobia (0.1%). The diversity and abundance of microbial populations justifies a condition known as eubiosis. On the contrary, the state of dysbiosis refers to altered diversity and abundance of the microbiota. Many studies carried out in the last few years have demonstrated that there is a relationship between the intestinal microflora and the progression of multiple sclerosis. This correlation was also demonstrated by the discovery that patients with MS, treated with specific prebiotics and probiotics, have greatly increased bacterial diversity in the intestinal microbiota, which might be otherwise reduced or absent. In particular, natural extracts of Aloe vera and bergamot fruits, rich in polyphenols and with a high percentage of polysaccharides (mostly found in indigestible and fermentable fibers), appear to be potential candidates to re-equilibrate the gut microbiota in MS patients. The present review article aims to assess the pathophysiological mechanisms that reveal the role of the microbiota in the development of MS. In addition, the potential for supplementing patients undergoing early stages of MS with Aloe vera as well as bergamot fibers, on top of conventional drug treatments, is discussed.
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163
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Yuan M, Lin L, Cao H, Zheng W, Wu L, Zuo H, Tian X, Song H. Intestinal Microbiota Participates in the Protective Effect of HO-1/BMMSCs on Liver Transplantation With Steatotic Liver Grafts in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:905567. [PMID: 35756057 PMCID: PMC9226684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have a protective effect on liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts in rats, and to determine the role of the intestinal microbiota in such protection. HO-1/BMMSCs were obtained by transduction of Hmox1 gene [encoding heme oxygenase (HO-1)]-encoding adenoviruses into primary rat BMMSCs. Steatotic livers were obtained by feeding rats a high-fat diet, and a model of liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts was established. The recipients were treated with BMMSCs, HO-1/BMMSCs, or neither, via the portal vein. Two time points were used: postoperative day 1 (POD 1) and POD 7. The results showed that under the effect of HO-1/BMMSCs, the degree of steatosis in the liver grafts was significantly reduced, and the level of liver enzymes and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma were reduced. The effect of HO-1/BMMSCs was better than that of pure BMMSCs in the prolongation of the rats' postoperative time. In addition, HO-1/BMMSCs promoted the recovery of recipients' intestinal structure and function, especially on POD 7. The intestinal villi returned to normal, the expression of tight junction proteins was restored, and intestinal permeability was reduced on POD 7. The intestinal bacterial of the LT group showed significantly weakened energy metabolism and overgrowth. On POD 1, the abundance of Akkermansiaceae was higher. On POD 7, the abundance of Clostridiaceae increased, the level of lipopolysaccharide increased, the intestinal mucosal barrier function was destroyed, and the levels of several invasive bacteria increased. When treated with HO-1/BMMSCs, the energy metabolism of intestinal bacteria was enhanced, and on POD 1, levels bacteria that protect the intestinal mucosa, such as Desulfovibrionaceae, increased significantly. On POD 7, the changed intestinal microbiota improved lipid metabolism and increased the levels of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, HO-1/BMMSCs have protective effects on steatotic liver grafts and the intestinal barrier function of the recipients. By improving lipid metabolism and increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, the changed intestinal microbiota has a protective effect and prolongs the recipients' survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiwen Zuo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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164
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Wu DT, An LY, Liu W, Hu YC, Wang SP, Zou L. In vitro fecal fermentation properties of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis and related modulation effects on gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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165
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Xiao M, Ren X, Cui J, Li R, Liu Z, Zhu L, Kong Q, Fu X, Mou H. A novel glucofucobiose with potential prebiotic activity prepared from the exopolysaccharides of Clavibacter michiganensis M1. Food Chem 2022; 377:132001. [PMID: 34999464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fucose and fucosylated oligosaccharides have important applications in various industries owing to their prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antiviral activities. Here, we aimed to obtain fucosylated oligosaccharides using the acidolysis method to depolymerize exopolysaccharides extracted from Clavibacter michiganensis M1. Based on structural analysis, the prepared glucofucobiose was found to consist of d-glucose and l-fucose, with a molecular weight of 326 Da and a structure of d-Glcp-β-(1→4)-l-Fucp. The prebiotic activity of glucofucobiose was compared with that of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. According to the results, glucofucobiose could significantly promote the proliferation of six probiotic strains, and short-chain fatty acid production of five probiotic strains on glucofucobiose was substantially higher than that on 2'-FL at 48 h of fermentation. Overall, this study proposed a new technology for obtaining fucosylated oligosaccharides. The prepared glucofucobiose was found to exhibit potential prebiotic activity and should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinzheng Cui
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Li
- Qingdao Women and Children Hospital, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Weihai Deepsea Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Weihai 264300, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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166
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Identification of a protective Bacteroides strain of alcoholic liver disease and its synergistic effect with pectin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3735-3749. [PMID: 35554627 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The depletion of Bacteroides in the gut is closely correlated with the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This study aimed to identify Bacteroides strains with protective effects against ALD and evaluate the synergistic effects of Bacteroides and pectin in this disease. Mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli alcohol diet to establish an experimental ALD model and pre-treated with 4 Bacteroides strains. The severity of the liver injury, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation was evaluated through histological and biochemical assays. We found that Bacteroides fragilis ATCC25285 had the best protective effects against ALD strains by alleviating both ethanol-induced liver injury and steatosis. B. fragilis ATCC25285 could counteract inflammatory reactions in ALD by producing short-chain fat acids (SCFAs) and enhancing the intestinal barrier. In the subsequent experiment, the synbiotic combination of B. fragilis ATCC25285 and pectin was evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by metabolomic and microbiome analyses. The combination elicited superior anti-ALD effects than the individual agents used alone. The synergistic effects of B. fragilis ATCC25285 and pectin were driven by modulating gut microbiota, improving tryptophan metabolism, and regulating intestinal immune function. Based on our findings, the combination of B. fragilis ATCC25285 and pectin can be considered a potential treatment for ALD. KEY POINTS: • B. fragilis ATCC25285 was identified as a protective Bacteroides strain against ALD. • The synbiotic combination of B. fragilis and pectin has better anti-ALD effects. • The synbiotic combination modulates gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.
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167
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Effects of Different Ionic Polysaccharides in Cooked Lean Pork Batters on Intestinal Health in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101372. [PMID: 35626942 PMCID: PMC9141551 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cooked lean pork batters with three ionic types of polysaccharides (anionic xanthan-gum/sodium-alginate, neutral curdlan-gum/konjac-gum and cationic chitosan) on the intestinal health of mice were investigated in this study. The results showed that the zeta potential in the sodium-alginate group (−31.35 mV) was higher (p < 0.05) than that in the chitosan group (−26.00 mV), thus promoting the protein hydrolysis in the anionic group because of electrostatic repulsion. The content of total free amino acids in the small intestine in the xanthan-gum and sodium-alginate groups (2754.68 μg and 2733.72 μg, respectively) were higher (p < 0.05) than that in the chitosan group (1949.78 μg), which could decrease the amount of undigested protein entering the colon. The two anionic groups could also increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and the balance of Faecalibaculum and Alistipes in the colon. The content of proinflammatory factor IL−6 of colon tissues in the sodium-alginate group (1.02 ng/mL) was lower (p < 0.05) than that in chitosan, curdlan-gum and konjac-gum groups (1.29, 1.31 and 1.31 ng/mL, respectively). The result of haematoxylin-eosin staining of the colon also revealed that sodium alginate was beneficial for colonic health. The two neutral groups increased the content of faecal short-chain fatty acids in mice. These results demonstrated that anionic polysaccharides have potential for developing functional low-fat meat products.
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168
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Dou ZM, Chen C, Fu X, Liu RH. A dynamic view on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of mulberry fruit using an in vitro digestion and fermentation model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4142-4157. [PMID: 35316313 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03505c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry is a kind of fruit rich in nutrients, however, the beneficial effects of mulberry fruits are related not only to the amount consumed, but also to the bioavailability of these nutrients in the organism. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility of main bioactive compounds from mulberry fruit using an in vitro digestion model, the changes in bioactivities as well as intestinal flora were also investigated. The results showed that the particle size of the mulberry fruit was gradually reduced (from 196.87 to 60.85 μm), as well as the phenolics and carbohydrates were significantly released during the digestion and maximized in the first 15 min in the intestinal phase (1752 ± 2.80 mg GAE per 100 g, DW; 277.402 ± 2.80 mg GE per 100 g, DW, respectively). Meanwhile, the bioaccessibility indices for phenolic compounds and carbohydrates were 55.49% and 84.62%. The antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the mulberry fruit were positively correlated with their total content of released phenolic compounds. And the phenolic compounds (2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid) were the main compounds that inhibit the α-glucosidase activity by binding to its active cavity through hydrogen bonds. In addition, the mulberry fruit undigested fractions could be further fermented by intestinal microorganisms to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which decreased the colon pH value (from 5.93 to 4.79) and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio which was beneficial for obesity. Our results indicated that the mulberry fruit exhibited good bioactivity during digestion and fermentation, and could be a promising candidate as a dietary source of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Man Dou
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, Nansha, 511458, China
| | - Chun Chen
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, Nansha, 511458, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, Nansha, 511458, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui-Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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169
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Sharma S, Singh S, Chaudhary V, Mantri S, Chander A, Maurya R, Rajarammohan S, Singh RP, Rishi P, Bishnoi M, Bhadada SK, Kondepudi KK. Isomaltooligosaccharides utilization and genomic characterization of human infant anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve strains. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35299989 PMCID: PMC8901852 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to understand the probiotic features, ability to utilize non-digestible carbohydrates and comparative genomics of anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium strains isolated from human infant stool samples. Bacterial strains were isolated from the stool samples using serial dilution on MRS agar plates supplemented with 0.05% l-cysteine hydrochloride and mupirocin. Molecular characterization of the strains was carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined using TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in Caco2 cells. Probiotic attributes were determined as per the established protocols. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS) utilization was determined in the broth cultures. Whole genome sequencing and analysis was carried out for three strains. Four obligate anaerobic, Gram positive Bifidobacterium strains were isolated from the infant stool samples. Strains were identified as Bifidobacterium longum Bif10, B. breve Bif11, B. longum Bif12 and B. longum Bif16. The strains were able to prevent inflammation in the Caco2 cells through lowering of IL8 production that was caused by TNF-α and LPS treatment. The strains exhibited desirable probiotic attributes such as acid and bile tolerance, mucin binding, antimicrobial activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol lowering ability and could ferment non-digestible carbohydrates such as isomaltooligosaccharides and raffinose. Furthermore, Isomaltooligosaccharides supported the optimum growth of the strains in vitro, which was comparable to that on glucose. Strains could metabolize IMOS through cell associated α-glucosidase activity. Genomic features revealed the presence of genes responsible for the utilization of IMOS and for the probiotic attributes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03141-2.
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170
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Becker A, Schmartz GP, Gröger L, Grammes N, Galata V, Philippeit H, Weiland J, Ludwig N, Meese E, Tierling S, Walter J, Schwiertz A, Spiegel J, Wagenpfeil G, Faßbender K, Keller A, Unger MM. Effects of Resistant Starch on Symptoms, Fecal Markers, and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease - The RESISTA-PD Trial. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:274-287. [PMID: 34839011 PMCID: PMC9684155 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota is linked to multiple diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and fecal SCFA concentrations are reduced in PD. SCFAs exert various beneficial functions in humans. In the interventional, monocentric, open-label clinical trial "Effects of Resistant Starch on Bowel Habits, Short Chain Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson'sDisease" (RESISTA-PD; ID: NCT02784145), we aimed at altering fecal SCFAs by an 8-week prebiotic intervention with resistant starch (RS). We enrolled 87 subjects in three study-arms: 32 PD patients received RS (PD + RS), 30 control subjects received RS, and 25 PD patients received solely dietary instructions. We performed paired-end 100 bp length metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples using the BGISEQ platform at an average of 9.9 GB. RS was well-tolerated. In the PD + RS group, fecal butyrate concentrations increased significantly, and fecal calprotectin concentrations dropped significantly after 8 weeks of RS intervention. Clinically, we observed a reduction in non-motor symptom load in the PD + RS group. The reference-based analysis of metagenomes highlighted stable alpha-diversity and beta-diversity across the three groups, including bacteria producing SCFAs. Reference-free analysis suggested punctual, yet pronounced differences in the metagenomic signature in the PD + RS group. RESISTA-PD highlights that a prebiotic treatment with RS is safe and well-tolerated in PD. The stable alpha-diversity and beta-diversity alongside altered fecal butyrate and calprotectin concentrations call for long-term studies, also investigating whether RS is able to modify the clinical course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouck Becker
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Gröger
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Grammes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Valentina Galata
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hannah Philippeit
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Spiegel
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Faßbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany,Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcus M. Unger
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany,Corresponding author.
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171
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Gómez-García R, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Freitas-Costa C, Vilas-Boas AA, Campos DA, Aguilar CN, Madureira AR, Pintado M. Prebiotic effect, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of melon peel (Cucumis melo L. inodorus) flour subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and human faecal fermentation. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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172
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Djemai K, Drancourt M, Tidjani Alou M. Bacteria and Methanogens in the Human Microbiome: a Review of Syntrophic Interactions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:536-554. [PMID: 34169332 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methanogens are microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain and represent the primary source of biotic methane. Methanogens encode a series of enzymes which can convert secondary substrates into methane following three major methanogenesis pathways. Initially recognized as environmental microorganisms, methanogens have more recently been acknowledged as host-associated microorganisms after their detection and initial isolation in ruminants in the 1950s. Methanogens have also been co-detected with bacteria in various pathological situations, bringing their role as pathogens into question. Here, we review reported associations between methanogens and bacteria in physiological and pathological situations in order to understand the metabolic interactions explaining these associations. To do so, we describe the origin of the metabolites used for methanogenesis and highlight the central role of methanogens in the syntrophic process during carbon cycling. We then focus on the metabolic abilities of co-detected bacterial species described in the literature and infer from their genomes the probable mechanisms of their association with methanogens. The syntrophic interactions between bacteria and methanogens are paramount to gut homeostasis. Therefore, any dysbiosis affecting methanogens might impact human health. Thus, the monitoring of methanogens may be used as a bio-indicator of dysbiosis. Moreover, new therapeutic approaches can be developed based on their administration as probiotics. We thus insist on the importance of investigating methanogens in clinical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Djemai
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-University, 19-12 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-University, 19-12 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille-University, 19-12 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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Fang J, Lin Y, Xie H, Farag MA, Feng S, Li J, Shao P. Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharides ameliorated hyperglycemia and promoted gut bacterial associated SCFAs to alleviate type 2 diabetes in adult mice. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100207. [PMID: 35498995 PMCID: PMC9039915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractions of LDOP show the hypoglycemic effect and can restore histological function of T2D mice. There is a difference in the anti-T2D effect between LDOP-A and LDOP-B. LDOP-A modulated the gut microbiota composition of T2D mice. LDOP-A promotes the formation of SCFAs in T2D mice, especially butyric acid. Compared with LDOP-B, LDOP-A shows greater potential to ameliorate T2D.
The present study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharides of different molecular weight to alleviate glycolipid metabolic abnormalities, organ dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis of T2D mice. An ultrafiltration membrane was employed to separate two fractions from Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharide named LDOP-A and LDOP-B. Here, we present data supporting that oral administration of LDOP-A and LDOP-B ameliorated hyperglycemia, inhibited insulin resistance, reduced lipid concentration, improved β-cell function. LDOP-A with lower molecular weight exhibited improved effect on diabetes than LDOP-B, concurrent with increased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) i.e., butyrate, decreased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla, and increased abundance of the gut beneficial bacteria i.e., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. These results suggest that LDOP-A possesses a stronger effect in ameliorating T2D than LDOP-B which may be related to the distinct improved SCFAs levels produced by the change of intestinal flora microstructure.
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Key Words
- AUC, The area under the concentration–time curve
- Dendrobium officinale
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FT-IR, Fourier-transform infrared
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance
- HOMA-β, β-cell sensitivity
- IC, ion Chromatography
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Intestinal microflora
- LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDOP, Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharide
- Mw, molecular weight
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- OTUs, operational taxonomic units
- PAS, periodic acid-Schiff
- PYY, peptide YY
- Polysaccharide
- SCFAs, short chain fatty acids
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Short-chain fatty acids
- T2D, Type 2 Diabetic
- TG, triglycerides
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- Type 2 Diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hualing Xie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Yang F, Zhu W, Edirisuriya P, Ai Q, Nie K, Ji X, Zhou K. Characterization of metabolites and biomarkers for the probiotic effects of Clostridium cochlearium on high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2217-2229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tao E, Zhu Z, Hu C, Long G, Chen B, Guo R, Fang M, Jiang M. Potential Roles of Enterochromaffin Cells in Early Life Stress-Induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:837166. [PMID: 35370559 PMCID: PMC8964523 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.837166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, also known as disorders of the gut–brain interaction; however, the pathophysiology of IBS remains unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is one of the most common risk factors for IBS development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ELS induces IBS remain unclear. Enterochromaffin cells (ECs), as a prime source of peripheral serotonin (5-HT), play a pivotal role in intestinal motility, secretion, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and visceral sensation. ECs can sense various stimuli and microbiota metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. ECs can sense the luminal environment and transmit signals to the brain via exogenous vagal and spinal nerve afferents. Increasing evidence suggests that an ECs-5-HT signaling imbalance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ELS-induced IBS. A recent study using a maternal separation (MS) animal model mimicking ELS showed that MS induced expansion of intestinal stem cells and their differentiation toward secretory lineages, including ECs, leading to ECs hyperplasia, increased 5-HT production, and visceral hyperalgesia. This suggests that ELS-induced IBS may be associated with increased ECs-5-HT signaling. Furthermore, ECs are closely related to corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cells, neuron growth factor, bile acids, and SCFAs, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of IBS. Collectively, ECs may play a role in the pathogenesis of ELS-induced IBS. Therefore, this review summarizes the physiological function of ECs and focuses on their potential role in the pathogenesis of IBS based on clinical and pre-clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enfu Tao
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Wenling Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenling, China
| | - Zhenya Zhu
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenmin Hu
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Long
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mizu Jiang,
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176
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Liu Q, Mak JWY, Su Q, Yeoh YK, Lui GCY, Ng SSS, Zhang F, Li AYL, Lu W, Hui DSC, Chan PK, Chan FKL, Ng SC. Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Gut 2022; 71:544-552. [PMID: 35082169 PMCID: PMC8814432 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term complications after COVID-19 are common, but the potential cause for persistent symptoms after viral clearance remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether gut microbiome composition is linked to post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), defined as at least one persistent symptom 4 weeks after clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 106 patients with a spectrum of COVID-19 severity followed up from admission to 6 months and 68 non-COVID-19 controls. We analysed serial faecal microbiome of 258 samples using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and correlated the results with persistent symptoms at 6 months. RESULTS At 6 months, 76% of patients had PACS and the most common symptoms were fatigue, poor memory and hair loss. Gut microbiota composition at admission was associated with occurrence of PACS. Patients without PACS showed recovered gut microbiome profile at 6 months comparable to that of non-COVID-19 controls. Gut microbiome of patients with PACS were characterised by higher levels of Ruminococcus gnavus, Bacteroides vulgatus and lower levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Persistent respiratory symptoms were correlated with opportunistic gut pathogens, and neuropsychiatric symptoms and fatigue were correlated with nosocomial gut pathogens, including Clostridium innocuum and Actinomyces naeslundii (all p<0.05). Butyrate-producing bacteria, including Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii showed the largest inverse correlations with PACS at 6 months. CONCLUSION These findings provided observational evidence of compositional alterations of gut microbiome in patients with long-term complications of COVID-19. Further studies should investigate whether microbiota modulation can facilitate timely recovery from post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Wing Yan Mak
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Su
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace Chung-Yan Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susanna So Shan Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amy Y L Li
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenqi Lu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Shu-Cheong Hui
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Ks Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lv K, Yuan Q, Li H, Li T, Ma H, Gao C, Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhao L. Chlorella pyrenoidosa Polysaccharides as a Prebiotic to Modulate Gut Microbiota: Physicochemical Properties and Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050725. [PMID: 35267359 PMCID: PMC8908982 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the prebiotic potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides to provide useful information for developing C. pyrenoidosa as a green healthy food. C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were prepared and their physicochemical characteristics were determined. The digestibility and fermentation characteristics of C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were evaluated using in vitro models. The results revealed that C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were composed of five non-starch polysaccharide fractions with monosaccharide compositions of Man, Rib, Rha, GlcA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Ara. C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides could not be degraded under saliva and the gastrointestinal conditions. However, the molecular weight and contents of residual carbohydrates and reducing sugars of C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides were significantly reduced after fecal fermentation at a moderate speed. Notably, C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides could remarkably modulate gut microbiota, including the promotion of beneficial bacteria, inhibition of growth of harmful bacteria, and reduction of the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Intriguingly, C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides can promote growth of Parabacteroides distasonis and increase short-chain fatty acid contents, thereby probably contributing to the promotion of intestinal health and prevention of diseases. Thus, these results suggested that C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharides had prebiotic functions with different fermentation characteristics compared with conventional prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharide, and they may be a new prebiotic for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haiqiong Ma
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Q.Y.); (H.L.); (T.L.); (H.M.); (C.G.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
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178
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Habitual Dietary Fiber Intake, Fecal Microbiota, and Hemoglobin A1c Level in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051003. [PMID: 35267978 PMCID: PMC8912884 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fiber diet interventions have been proven to be beneficial for gut microbiota and glycemic control in diabetes patients. However, the effect of a low level of fiber in habitual diets remains unclear. This study aims to examine the associations of habitual dietary fiber intake with gut microbiome profiles among Chinese diabetes patients and identify differential taxa that mediated associations of dietary fiber with HbA1c level. Two cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study were designed based on two follow-up surveys in a randomized trial conducted during 2015−2017. The study included 356 and 310 participants in the first and second follow-ups, respectively, with 293 participants in common in both surveys. Dietary fiber intake was calculated based on a 3-day 24-h diet recall at each survey and was classified into a lower or a higher group according to the levels taken based on the two surveys using 7.2 g/day as a cut-off value. HbA1c was assayed to assess glycemic status using a cut-off point of 7.0% and 8.0%. Microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. A high habitual dietary fiber intake was associated with a decrease in α-diversity in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. At the first follow−up, phylum Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were negatively associated with a higher dietary fiber intake (p < 0.05, Q < 0.15); at the second follow-up, genus Adlercreutzia, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Desulfovibrio were less abundant in patients taking higher dietary fiber (p < 0.05, Q < 0.15); genus Desulfovibrio and Ruminococcaceae (Unknown), two identified differential taxa by HbA1c level, were negatively associated with dietary fiber intake in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, and mediated the dietary fiber-HbA1c associations among patients taking dietary fiber ≥ 7.2 g/day (mediation effect β [95%CI]: −0.019 [−0.043, −0.003], p = 0.018 and −0.019 [−0.046, −0.003], p = 0.016). Our results suggest that habitual dietary fiber intake has a beneficial effect on gut microbiota in Chinese diabetes patients. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Hupp T, Duchnowska R, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Połom K. Next-generation probiotics - do they open new therapeutic strategies for cancer patients? Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2035659. [PMID: 35167406 PMCID: PMC8855854 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2035659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its association with cancer development/treatment has been intensively studied during the past several years. Currently, there is a growing interest toward next-generation probiotics (NGPs) as therapeutic agents that alter gut microbiota and impact on cancer development. In the present review we focus on three emerging NGPs, namely Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bacteroides fragilis as their presence in the digestive tract can have an impact on cancer incidence. These NGPs enhance gastrointestinal immunity, maintain intestinal barrier integrity, produce beneficial metabolites, act against pathogens, improve immunotherapy efficacy, and reduce complications associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Notably, the use of NGPs in cancer patients does not have a long history and, although their safety remains relatively undefined, recently published data has shown that they are non-toxigenic. Notwithstanding, A. muciniphila may promote colitis whereas enterotoxigenic B. fragilis stimulates chronic inflammation and participates in colorectal carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the majority of B. fragilis strains provide a beneficial effect to the host, are non-toxigenic and considered as the best current NGP candidate. Overall, emerging studies indicate a beneficial role of these NGPs in the prevention of carcinogenesis and open new promising therapeutic options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland,CONTACT Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Ul. Smoluchowskiego 18, 80-214Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Theodore Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland,Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Renata Duchnowska
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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180
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Alterations in Intestinal Antioxidant and Immune Function and Cecal Microbiota of Laying Hens Fed on Coated Sodium Butyrate Supplemented Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050545. [PMID: 35268114 PMCID: PMC8908843 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the intestinal antioxidant, immune function, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. A total of 720 52-week-old Huafeng laying hens were randomly allocated into five groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with CSB at levels of 0 (control), 250 (S250), 500 (S500), 750 (S750), and 1000 (S1000) mg/kg for eight weeks. The results revealed that CSB supplementation quadratically decreased the malondialdehyde content and increased the superoxide dismutase activity of the jejunum as well as the total antioxidative capacity activity of the ileum (p < 0.05). Dietary CSB supplementation linearly decreased the diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid content of the serum (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of CSB resulted in linear and/or quadratic effects on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). The short-chain fatty acid concentrations increased quadratically as supplemental CSB improved (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary CSB levels had no effect on microbial richness estimators, but ameliorated cecal microbiota by raising the abundance of probiotics and lowering pathogenic bacteria enrichment. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with CSB could improve the intestinal health of laying hens via positively influencing the antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbiota. In this study, 500 mg/kg CSB is the optimal supplement concentration in the hens’ diet.
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181
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhang J, Wang W, Li L, Yan J. Modulatory effects of polysaccharides from plants, marine algae and edible mushrooms on gut microbiota and related health benefits: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:169-192. [PMID: 35122806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers containing non-starch polysaccharides (NPs) are a class of biomacromolecules isolated from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms, and their biological activities has shown potential uses in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Importantly, NPs serve as prebiotics to provide health benefits to the host through stimulating the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The composition and diversity of GM play a critical role in regulating host health and have been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, the extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of NPs derived from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms are outlined. Importantly, the degradation and metabolism of these NPs in the intestinal tract, the effects of NPs on the microbial community and SCFAs generation, and the beneficial effects of NPs on host health by modulating GM are systematically highlighted. Overall, we hope that this review can provide some theoretical references and a new perspective for applications of NPs as prebiotics in functional food and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Bozzetti V, Senger S. Organoid technologies for the study of intestinal microbiota–host interactions. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:290-303. [PMID: 35232671 PMCID: PMC8957533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics have recently emerged as critical effectors of the activity of probiotics and, because of their safety profile, they are considered potential therapeutics for the treatment of fragile patients. Here, we present recent studies on probiotics and postbiotics in the context of novel discovery tools, such as organoids and organoid-based platforms, and nontransformed preclinical models, that can be generated from intestinal stem cells. The implementation of organoid-related techniques is the next gold standard for unraveling the effect of microbial communities on homeostasis, inflammation, idiopathic diseases, and cancer in the gut. We also summarize recent studies on biotics in organoid-based models and offer our perspective on future directions.
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183
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M, De Angelis M, Farella I, Lanza E, Khalil M, Wang DQH, Sperandio M, Di Ciaula A. Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031105. [PMID: 35163038 PMCID: PMC8835596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, and related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Bacterial metabolites include the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4), which are the most abundant SCFAs in the human body and the most abundant anions in the colon. SCFAs are made from fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch in the gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways and are involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity, SCFAs production, and metabolic effects. In this narrative review, we discuss the relevant research focusing on the relationship between gut microbiota, SCFAs, and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Ilaria Farella
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Elisa Lanza
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine (WBex), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (E.L.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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184
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Lee TT, Chou CH, Wang C, Lu HY, Yang WY. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae feed supplements improve growth performance and gut mucosal architecture with modulations on cecal microbiota in red-feathered native chickens. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:869-883. [PMID: 34991225 PMCID: PMC9066041 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of study was to investigate the effects of in-feed supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on growth performance, gut integrity, and microbiota modulations in red-feathered native chickens (RFCs). Methods A total of 18,000 RFCs in a commercial farm were evenly assigned into two dietary treatments (control diet; 0.05% BA and 0.05% SC) by randomization and raised for 11 weeks in two separate houses. Fifty RFCs in each group were randomly selected and raised in the original house with the partition for performance evaluations at the age of 9 and 11 weeks. Six non-partitioned RFCs per group were randomly selected for analyses of intestinal architecture and 16S rRNA metagenomics. Results Feeding BA and SC increased the body weight and body weight gain, significantly at the age of 11 weeks (p<0.05). The villus height/crypt ratio in the small intestines and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were also notably increased (p<0.05). The supplementation did not disturb the microbial community structure but promote the featured microbial shifts characterized by the significant increments of Bernesiella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Butyrucimonas, following remarkable decrements of Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Succinatimonas in RFCs with growth benefits. Besides, functional pathways of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, nucleotide excision repair, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) biosynthesis were significantly promoted (p<0.05). Conclusion In-feed supplementation of BA and SC enhanced the growth performance, improved mucosal architectures in small intestines, and modulated the cecal microbiota and metabolic pathways in RFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.,Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chinling Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Hsuan-Ying Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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185
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Interdisciplinary insights into the link between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis-what is currently known? Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:1-10. [PMID: 34741681 PMCID: PMC8732854 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, gastric cancer is one of the leading death-related cancer globally. The etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes among others dysbiotic alterations of gastric microbiota. Molecular techniques revealed that stomach is not a sterile organ and it is resides with ecosystem of microbes. Due to the fact that the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in development of gastric cancer is established and well-studied, this paper is mainly focused on the role of other bacterial as well as viral and fungal gut microbiota imbalance in gastric carcinogenesis. Notably, not only the composition of gastric microbiota may play an important role in development of gastric cancer, but also its activity. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, N-nitroso compounds, and lactate, may significantly affect gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, this paper discussed aforementioned aspects with the interdisciplinary insights (regarding also immunological point of view) into the association between gut microbiome and gastric carcinogenesis based on up-to-date studies.
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186
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Kang S, You HJ, Ju Y, Kim HJ, Jeong YJ, Johnston TV, Ji GE, Ku S, Park MS. Butyl-fructooligosaccharides modulate gut microbiota in healthy mice and ameliorate ulcerative colitis in a DSS-induced model. Food Funct 2022; 13:1834-1845. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Butyl-fructooligosaccharides (B-FOSs) are newly synthesized prebiotics composed of short-chain FOS (GF2, 1-kestose; GF3, nystose; GF4, fructofuranosyl-nystose; GF5, 1-F-(1-b-D-fructofuranosyl)-2-nystose) bound with one or two butyric groups by ester bonds. Previous in...
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2100-2112. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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188
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Wu DT, Feng KL, Li F, Hu YC, Wang SP, Gan RY, Zou L. In vitro digestive characteristics and microbial degradation of polysaccharides from lotus leaves and related effects on the modulation of intestinal microbiota. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:752-762. [PMID: 35520274 PMCID: PMC9061614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides exist as one of the most abundant components in lotus leaves, which attract increasing attention owing to their promising health-promoting benefits. In this study, the digestive and microbial degradation characteristics of lotus leaf polysaccharides (LLP) were studied by using an in vitro gastrointestinal model. The results suggested that LLP was stable in the human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro according to its digestive stabilities at different simulated digestion stages. Conversely, the indigestible LLP (LLPI) could be remarkably utilized by intestinal microbiota in human feces during in vitro fermentation, and its fermentability was 58.11% after the in vitro fermentation of 48 h. Indeed, the microbial degradation characteristics of LLPI during in vitro fermentation by human fecal inoculum were revealed. The results showed that the content of reducing sugars released from LLPI obviously increased from 0.498 to 2.176 mg/mL at the initial fermentation stage (0–6 h), and its molecular weight sharply decreased from 4.08 × 104 to 2.02 × 104 Da. Notably, the molar ratios of arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in LLPI decreased from 2.89 to 1.40, from 5.46 to 3.72, and from 21.24 to 18.71, respectively, suggesting that the utilization of arabinose and galactose in LLPI by intestinal microbiota was much faster than that of galacturonic acid at the initial fermentation stage. Additionally, LLPI could remarkably regulate gut microbial composition by increasing the abundances of several beneficial microbes, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, and Collinsella, resulting in the promoted generation of several short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. The findings from the present study are beneficial to better understanding the digestive and microbial degradation characteristics of LLP, which indicate that LLP can be used as a potential prebiotic for the improvement of intestinal health. LLP was stable in the human upper gastrointestinal tract in vitro. The indigestible LLP could be remarkably utilized by intestinal microbiota. Arabinose and galactose were quickly utilized at the initial fermentation stage. Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, and Collinsella obviously increased. SCFAs, especially acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, remarkably promoted.
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189
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Phungviwatnikul T, Lee AH, Belchik SE, Suchodolski JS, Swanson KS. Weight loss and high-protein, high-fiber diet consumption impact blood metabolite profiles, body composition, voluntary physical activity, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6490144. [PMID: 34967874 PMCID: PMC8846339 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs (age: 5.5 ± 1.1 yr; body weight [BW]: 14.8 ± 2.0 kg, body condition score [BCS]: 7.9 ± 0.8) were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (week 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (weeks 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24), voluntary physical activity (weeks 0, 7, 15, and 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43 ± 0.73% weight loss per week. BCS decreased (P < 0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P < 0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P < 0.0001) by 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P < 0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P < 0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P < 0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, whereas fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sara E Belchik
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Corresponding author:
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Campos D, Goméz-García R, Oliveira D, Madureira AR. Intake of nanoparticles and impact on gut microbiota: in vitro and animal models available for testing. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:e1. [PMID: 39295775 PMCID: PMC11406378 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2021.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The oral delivery of compounds associated with diet or medication have an impact on the gut microbiota balance, which in turn, influences the physiologic process. Several reports have shown significant advances in clarifying the impact, interactions and outcomes of oral intake of nanoparticles and the human gut. These interactions may affect the bioavailability of the delivered compounds. In addition, there is a considerable breakthrough in the development of antimicrobial nanoparticles for intestinal pathogenic bacteria. Several in vitro fermentation and in vivo models have been developed throughout the years and were used to test these systems. The methodologies and studies carried out so far on the modulation of human and animal gut microbiome by oral delivery nanosized materials were reviewed. Overall, the available in vitro studies mimic the real physiological events enabling to select the best production conditions of nanoparticulate systems in a preliminary stage of research. On the other hand, animal studies can be used to access the dosage effect, safety and correlation between haematological, biochemical and symptoms, with gut microbiota groups and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Campos
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Goméz-García
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Oliveira
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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191
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Pancreatic Cancer and Gut Microbiome-Related Aspects: A Comprehensive Review and Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124425. [PMID: 34959977 PMCID: PMC8709322 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the human body providing many beneficial effects on the host. However, its dysbiotic alterations may affect the tumorigenic pathway and then trigger the development of pancreatic cancer. This dysbiosis can also modulate the aggressiveness of the tumor, influencing the microenvironment. Because pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with surgery as the only method that influences prognosis and has curative potential, there is a need to search for other strategies which will enhance the efficiency of standard therapy and improve patients' quality of life. The administration of prebiotics, probiotics, next-generation probiotics (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila), synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation through multiple mechanisms affects the composition of the gut microbiota and may restore its balance. Despite limited data, some studies indicate that the aforementioned methods may allow to achieve better effect of pancreatic cancer treatment and improve therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.
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192
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Liu J, Zhong Y, Luo XM, Ma Y, Liu J, Wang H. Intermittent Fasting Reshapes the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome and Reduces Weight Gain More Effectively Than Melatonin in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784681. [PMID: 34901130 PMCID: PMC8652062 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) can reduce energy intake and body weight (BW). Melatonin has many known functions, which include reducing appetite and preventing excessive weight gain. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of IF on body fat and the gut microbiota and metabolome as well as a potential interaction with melatonin. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (23.0 ± 0.9 g, 6 wk old) were randomly assigned into four groups (12 mice/group): control (C), intermittent fasting (F), melatonin (M), and intermittent fasting plus melatonin (MF). The C and M groups mice were provided with ad libitum access to food and water, while the F and MF groups underwent alternative-day feed deprivation (15 cycles total). Melatonin was administered in the drinking water of the M and MF groups. Blood, epididymal fat, liver tissue, and intestinal tissue and contents were collected for lab measurements, histology, and microbiota and metabolome analysis. Main effects and interactions were tested by 2-factor ANOVA. Results: IF significantly reduced BW gain and serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Adipocyte size significantly decreased with IF, then the number of adipocytes per square millimeter significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the C group, the M and MF groups had significantly higher serum melatonin levels (17 and 21%, respectively), although melatonin monotherapy had no effect on serum parameters and adipocytes. There was no interaction between IF and melatonin on BW gain and serum parameters except for on adipocyte area and number per square millimeter, Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia bacterial abundance, and the levels of the intestinal metabolites alanine, valine and isoleucine. IF changed the intestinal microbiota structure, with the F and MF groups clearly separating from the C and M groups. Metabolomic analysis showed that there was obvious separation between all four groups. Conclusions: IF, but neither melatonin nor the interaction between IF and melatonin, could alter intestinal microbiota and metabolism and prevent obesity by reducing BW gain, serum glucose, TC, and TG, and adipocyte size in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yanfei Ma
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Craig WJ, Mangels AR, Fresán U, Marsh K, Miles FL, Saunders AV, Haddad EH, Heskey CE, Johnston P, Larson-Meyer E, Orlich M. The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals. Nutrients 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34836399 PMCID: PMC8623061 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, including concerns for human health and the health of the planet. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than meat-based diets and have a reduced environmental impact, including producing lower levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines are normally formulated to enhance the health of society, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed the scientific data on plant-based diets to summarize their preventative and therapeutic role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. Consuming plant-based diets is safe and effective for all stages of the life cycle, from pregnancy and lactation, to childhood, to old age. Plant-based diets, which are high in fiber and polyphenolics, are also associated with a diverse gut microbiota, producing metabolites that have anti-inflammatory functions that may help manage disease processes. Concerns about the adequate intake of a number of nutrients, including vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fats, are discussed. The use of fortified foods and/or supplements as well as appropriate food choices are outlined for each nutrient. Finally, guidelines are suggested for health professionals working with clients consuming plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J. Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Ujué Fresán
- eHealth Group, Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Kate Marsh
- Private Practice, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia;
| | - Fayth L. Miles
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Angela V. Saunders
- Nutrition Insights, Sanitarium Health Food Company, Berkeley Vale, NSW 2261, Australia;
| | - Ella H. Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Celine E. Heskey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Patricia Johnston
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Enette Larson-Meyer
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michael Orlich
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
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194
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The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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195
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Casciano F, Nissen L, Gianotti A. Effect of formulations and fermentation processes on volatile organic compounds and prebiotic potential of gluten-free bread fortified by spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis). Food Funct 2021; 12:10226-10238. [PMID: 34542123 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gluten free (GF) foods, designed and marketed for the needs of people who are unable to metabolize gluten, in recent years have aroused growing interest that has led to the conquest of important market segments, with a strongly growing trend. Given the low protein content of standard GF flours, it is particularly important to fortify GF foods, and to study the effect that this process exerts on functional and sensorial characteristics. In this work, fortification of GF bakery goods was done with the addition of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) flour. Two different dough formulations (with and without fortification) were fermented by four different processes, including spontaneous, single strains and sourdough starters. The baked products were then subjected to "consumer's tests". During the process, fermentation performances, prebiotic activity, and the VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) profiles were analyzed and compared through robust multivariate statistics. The results obtained evidenced that fortification led to a product with more abundant (medium organic acids) and exclusive bioactives (thymol, borneol, and nicotinic acid), which were correlated to the prebiotic activity of spirulina breads. This work, for the first time indicates that spirulina can be used to fortify GF bakery, improving also its functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Casciano
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nissen
- CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.,CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.
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196
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Polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis Skirt Boosts Immune Response via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Metabolism in Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102478. [PMID: 34681527 PMCID: PMC8535924 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide from marine shellfish has various bioactivities. In this study, the effects of polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis skirt (PS) on boosting immune response in mice were evaluated, and the potential mechanisms were explored. The results showed that PS administration effectively increased the serum IgG and IgM levels, implying that PS had immune response-boosting properties. Moreover, PS administration could modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and significantly improve short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism, especially butyrate metabolism. Of note, the expression of the Tlr2, Tlr7, MyD88, Tnfa, and Il1b genes in toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was significantly increased. In summary, PS could boost immune response by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism correlating with the activation of the TLR signaling pathway. Therefore, PS can be developed as a special ingredient for functional product.
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197
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Li Y, Ji X, Wu H, Li X, Zhang H, Tang D. Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in modulating gut microbiota metabolites-mediated lipid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114207. [PMID: 34000365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The gut microbiome plays an important role in advancing the process of host lipid metabolism directly or indirectly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve the intestinal environment by intervening with gut microbiota metabolites to potentially regulate lipid levels. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the current databases to search for studies related to influence of TCM on the gut microbiota metabolites-mediated lipid metabolism. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to review the TCM that could regulate lipid metabolism mediated by microbial metabolites and their pharmacological targets and provides perspectives for future investigation. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched up to April 2021 to identify eligible studies. RESULTS A total of 30 active compounds, five Chinese herbal formulae, and three proprietary Chinese medicines were included in this review. We found that TCM can effectively improve lipid metabolism by increasing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels, regulating bile acid (BA) metabolism, reducing the production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), alleviating the release of inflammatory factors, and altering branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) biosynthesis. This process is accompanied by changes in the structure of the gut microbiota, blood lipids, and expression of lipid metabolism genes. CONCLUSION In summary, studies on the regulation of lipid metabolism by microbial metabolites in TCM will provide a new approach for better management of dyslipidemia, which may facilitate future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haonan Wu
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Danli Tang
- Experimental Research Center of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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198
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Iglesias-Iglesias R, Portela-Grandío A, Treu L, Campanaro S, Kennes C, Veiga MC. Co-digestion of cheese whey with sewage sludge for caproic acid production: Role of microbiome and polyhydroxyalkanoates potential production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125388. [PMID: 34166928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of producing caproic acid and other volatile fatty acids using a co-digestion between cheese whey and sewage sludge in a continuous reactor. The effect of two different feeding regimes (one and two per day) and three hydraulic retention times (HRT) (15, 10 and 6 days) on the organic acids production were studied. The optimal conditions for the process were 10 days HRT, 2 feeding cycles per day, reaching a maximum degree of acidification of 44%. Under these conditions, the most abundant organic acid was caproic acid. The analysis of the microbial community dynamics in the reactor during the HRT changes revealed a microbiome enriched in organisms involved in caproic acid production. Additionally, the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using the organic acids stream as feeding was verified in a fed-batch experiment obtaining a copolymer formed by hydroxybutyrate, hydroxyvalerate and hydroxyhexanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Iglesias-Iglesias
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15008, Spain
| | - Ana Portela-Grandío
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15008, Spain
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Kennes
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15008, Spain
| | - Maria C Veiga
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15008, Spain.
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199
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Fan L, Lee JH. Enteral feeding and the microbiome in critically ill children: a narrative review. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2778-2791. [PMID: 34765500 PMCID: PMC8578772 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review summarizes our current knowledge on the interplay between enteral nutrition (EN) and gut microbiota in critically ill children, using examples from two commonly encountered diagnoses in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU): severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review will also highlight potential areas of therapeutic interventions that should be explored in future studies. BACKGROUND Critically ill children display extreme dysbiosis in their gut microbiome. Factors within the PICU that are often associated with dysbiosis include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), intravenous morphine, and fasting. Dysbiosis can potentially lead to adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., nosocomial infection, and prolonged hospitalization). EN may modulate dysbiosis. The gut microbiota is involved in the breaking down of macronutrients, mainly carbohydrates and proteins. Fermentation of undigestible carbohydrate (e.g., inulin and oligosaccharides), and amino acids by large intestine microbiota produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs serve as the main fuel source for enterocytes and help to maintain healthy gut lining. Changes to selected components of macronutrients can result in alterations in gut microbiome and have potentially beneficial effects in patients in the PICU. METHODS A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases was conducted using appropriate MESH terms and keywords. In this narrative review, we provide a summary of current knowledge on effect of EN on gut microbiota in pediatric studies, but also describes animal- and lab-based, as well as adult studies where relevant. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome can be altered by dietary modifications and common PICU practices and treatment. Although there are strong associations in restoring eubiosis and improvement in clinical outcomes, proving causality remains challenging. Further microbiome research is needed to provide mechanistic insights into the impact of the ever changing gut microbiome. In the future, new microbiota targeted therapies could potentially be the treatment of challenging PICU conditions and restore homeostasis in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Fan
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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200
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Xie XT, Zheng LX, Duan HM, Liu Y, Chen XQ, Cheong KL. Structural characteristics of Gracilaria lemaneiformis oligosaccharides and their alleviation of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8635-8646. [PMID: 34346464 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifetime disorder with a high incidence worldwide. A functional food-based method to prevent UC would be a good option for disease control. G. lemaneiformis oligosaccharides (GLOs) should have potent benefits for the gastrointestinal tract, based on in vitro fermentation assessed in our previous study. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of GLOs in UC, as well as their possible mechanisms of action. The administration of GLOs was able to reduce the severity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by protecting mice from weight loss, reductions in colon length, inflammatory infiltration, and colon damage. Gut microbiota composition analysis showed that at the phylum level, GLOs could restore the composition of Bacteroidetes and decrease the level of Firmicutes. Consistently, it increased the contents of beneficial microbial metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in the mouse colitis model. In conclusion, GLOs could comprise a promising functional food strategy to alleviate UC symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Xin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui-Min Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xian-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
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