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de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Lopim GM, Vannucci Campos D, Fernandes J, Cabral FR, Arida RM. Physical exercise alters the activation of downstream proteins related to BDNF-TrkB signaling in male Wistar rats with epilepsy. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:911-920. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Aparecido de Almeida
- Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Instituto Federal Goiano (IF Goiano), Campus Ceres; Ceres Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; São Paulo Brazil
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes; Mogi das Cruzes Brazil
| | | | | | - Jansen Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Francisco Romero Cabral
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; São Paulo Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Departamento de Fisiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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152
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Alzoubi KH, Rawashdeh NQ, Khabour OF, El-Elimat T, Albataineh H, Al-Zghool HM, Alali FQ. Evaluation of the Effect of Moringa peregrina Extract on Learning and Memory: Role of Oxidative Stress. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:355-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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153
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Revisiting nicotine’s role in the ageing brain and cognitive impairment. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:767-781. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBrain ageing is a complex process which in its pathologic form is associated with learning and memory dysfunction or cognitive impairment. During ageing, changes in cholinergic innervations and reduced acetylcholinergic tonus may trigger a series of molecular pathways participating in oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, amyloid-β toxicity, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and perturb neurotrophic factors in the brain. Nicotine is an exogenous agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acts as a pharmacological chaperone in the regulation of nAChR expression, potentially intervening in age-related changes in diverse molecular pathways leading to pathology. Although nicotine has therapeutic potential, paradoxical effects have been reported, possibly due to its inverted U-shape dose-response effects or pharmacokinetic factors. Additionally, nicotine administration should result in optimum therapeutic effects without imparting abuse potential or toxicity. Overall, this review aims to compile the previous and most recent data on nicotine and its effects on cognition-related mechanisms and age-related cognitive impairment.
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154
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Brini S, Sohrabi HR, Peiffer JJ, Karrasch M, Hämäläinen H, Martins RN, Fairchild TJ. Physical Activity in Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2017; 48:29-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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155
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Suliman NA, Taib CNM, Moklas MAM, Basir R. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ 9-THC) Induce Neurogenesis and Improve Cognitive Performances of Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:402-411. [PMID: 28933048 PMCID: PMC5766723 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is influenced by various external factors such as enriched environments. Some researchers had postulated that neurogenesis has contributed to the hippocampal learning and memory. This project was designed to observe the effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) in cognitive performance that influenced by the neurogenesis. Different doses of ∆9-THC were used for observing the neurogenesis mechanism occurs in the hippocampus of rats. The brains were stained with antibodies, namely BrdU, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and class III β-tubulin (TuJ-1). The cognitive test was used novel-object discrimination test (NOD) while the proteins involved, DCX and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were measured. Throughout this study, ∆9-THC enhanced the markers involved in all stages of neurogenesis mechanism. Simultaneously, the cognitive behaviour of rat also showed improvement in learning and memory functions observed in behavioural test and molecular perspective. Administration of ∆9-THC was observed to enhance the neurogenesis in the brain, especially in hippocampus thus improved the cognitive function of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azuin Suliman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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156
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Zhou CH, Zhang YH, Xue F, Xue SS, Chen YC, Gu T, Peng ZW, Wang HN. Isoflurane exposure regulates the cell viability and BDNF expression of astrocytes via upregulation of TREK‑1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7305-7314. [PMID: 28944872 PMCID: PMC5865860 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal isoflurane exposure in rodents disrupts hippocampal cognitive functions, including learning and memory, and astrocytes may have an important role in this process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this disruption are not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK-1) in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Lentiviruses were used to overexpress or knockdown TREK-1 in astrocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of isoflurane or O2 for 2 h. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and TREK-1 was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, cell viability was assessed by a 2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt assay. The results demonstrated that, prior to manipulating TREK-1, isoflurane significantly decreased the cell viability and BDNF expression, and increased Bax, caspase-3 and TREK-1 expression was observed. However, TREK-1 overexpression in astrocytes significantly downregulated BDNF expression, and upregulated Bax and caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown of TREK-1 effectively inhibited the isoflurane-induced changes in BDNF, Bax and caspase-3 expression. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that isoflurane-induced cell damage in astrocytes may be associated with TREK-1-mediated inhibition of BDNF and provide a reference for the safe use of isoflurane anesthesia in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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157
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Bever SR, Liu X, Quan N, Pyter LM. Euflammation Attenuates Central and Peripheral Inflammation and Cognitive Consequences of an Immune Challenge after Tumor Development. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:74-86. [PMID: 28898868 PMCID: PMC5788296 DOI: 10.1159/000479184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repeated subthreshold bacterial exposures in rodents cause novel euflammation that attenuates neuroinflammation and sickness behaviors upon subsequent infectious challenges to the host without eliciting illness behavior. The investigation of bacterial exposure effects on brain and behavior is clinically relevant because bacterial-based antitumor treatments are used successfully, but are suboptimal due to their illness side effects. In addition, behavioral consequences (depression, cognitive impairments) to homeostatic challenges that are associated with inflammation are prevalent and reduce the quality of life in cancer patients and survivors. Therefore, this study tested the potential for euflammation to attenuate behavioral consequences of an immune challenge in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS Mice with and without oral tumors in their flank underwent the established peripheral euflammatory protocol or vehicle treatment, followed by an acute peripheral immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) or PBS. Cognitive function and sickness behavior were assessed after the challenge, and peripheral and central inflammatory responses were measured. RESULTS Euflammation reduced LPS-induced peripheral and central inflammation in all mice; however, neuroinflammation was less attenuated in tumor-bearing mice compared with tumor-free controls. LPS-induced lethargy and cognitive impairments were more pronounced among tumor-bearing mice and were effectively attenuated with euflammation. Cognitive changes were independent of brain-derived growth factor gene expression in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that induction of euflammation may be useful in alleviating the negative side effects of bacterial-based tumor treatments and in potentially attenuating common behavioral comorbidities associated with cancer or other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R. Bever
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leah M. Pyter
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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158
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More than just noise: Inter-individual differences in fear acquisition, extinction and return of fear in humans - Biological, experiential, temperamental factors, and methodological pitfalls. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:703-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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159
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Jin JJ, Ko IG, Kim SE, Hwang L, Lee MG, Kim DY, Jung SY. Age-dependent differences of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability between young- and adult-age rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:381-386. [PMID: 29114501 PMCID: PMC5667613 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735070.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of exercise, which increases hippocampal neurogenesis and improves memory function, is well documented, however, differences in the effect of exercise on young children and adults are not yet known. In the present study, age-dependent differences of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability between young- and adult-age rats were investigated. The rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 min once a day for 6 weeks. Radial 8-arm maze test was conducted for the determination of spatial learning ability. Cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was determined by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. Western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) was performed. In the present study, the number of errors in the young-age rats was effectively decreased by treadmill exercise. Hippocampal neurogenesis was more active in the young-age rats than in the adult-age rats. BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus was greater in the adult-age rats than in the young-age rats. The results of this study showed that adults have excellent spatial learning abilities than children, but the improvement of exercise-induced spatial learning ability through neurogenesis is better in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man-Gyoon Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Sports Healthcare, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hosan University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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160
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Di Raimondo D, Miceli G, Musiari G, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. New insights about the putative role of myokines in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:300. [PMID: 28856140 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training prevents the onset and the development of many chronic diseases, acting as an effective tool both for primary and for secondary prevention. Various mechanisms that may be the effectors of these beneficial effects have been proposed during the past decades: some of these are well recognized, others less. Muscular myokines, released during and after muscular contraction, have been proposed as key mediators of the systemic effects of the exercise. Nevertheless the availability of an impressive amount of evidence regarding the systemic effects of muscle-derived factors, few studies have examined key issues: (I) if skeletal muscle cells themselves are the main source of cytokine during exercise; (II) if the release of myokines into the systemic circulation reach an adequate concentration to provide significant effects in tissues far from skeletal muscle; (III) what may be the role carried out by muscular cytokine regarding the well-known benefits induced by regular exercise, first of all the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Furthermore, a greater part of our knowledge regarding myokines derives from the muscle of healthy subjects. This knowledge may not necessarily be transferred per se to subjects with chronic diseases implicating a direct or indirect muscular dysfunction and/or a chronic state of inflammation with persistent immune-inflammatory activation (and therefore increased circulating levels of some cytokines): cachexia, sarcopenia due to multiple factors, disability caused by neurological damage, chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) or coronary artery disease (CAD). A key point of future studies is to ascertain how is modified the muscular release of myokines in different categories of unhealthy subjects, both at baseline and after rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main findings on the role of myokines as putative mediators of the therapeutic benefits obtained through regular exercise in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Di Raimondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miceli
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaia Musiari
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
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161
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Kumar A, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Kumar P, Raza K, Prasoon P, Dantham S, Mochan S. Regulatory role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:649-673. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNerve growth factors (NGFs), especially the prototype NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have a diverse array of functions in the central nervous system through their peculiar set of receptors and intricate signaling. They are implicated not only in the development of the nervous system but also in regulation of neurocognitive functions like learning, memory, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Evidence even suggests their role in continued neurogenesis and experience-dependent neural network remodeling in adult brain. They have also been associated extensively with brain disorders characterized by neurocognitive dysfunction. In the present article, we aimed to make an exhaustive review of literature to get a comprehensive view on the role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions in health and disease. Starting with historical perspective, distribution in adult brain, implied molecular mechanisms, and developmental basis, this article further provides a detailed account of NGFs’ role in specified neurocognitive functions. Furthermore, it discusses plausible NGF-based homeostatic and adaptation mechanisms operating in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders and has presents a survey of such disorders. Finally, it elaborates on current evidence and future possibilities in therapeutic applications of NGFs with an emphasis on recent research updates in drug delivery mechanisms. Conclusive remarks of the article make a strong case for plausible role of NGFs in comprehensive regulation of the neurocognitive functions and pathogenesis of related disorders and advocate that future research should be directed to explore use of NGF-based mechanisms in the prevention of implicated diseases as well as to target these molecules pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Karaikal, Puducherry 609602, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Muneeb A. Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Khursheed Raza
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subrahamanyam Dantham
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sankat Mochan
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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162
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Xu X, Garcia J, Ewalt R, Nason S, Pozzo-Miller L. The BDNF val-66-met Polymorphism Affects Neuronal Morphology and Synaptic Transmission in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons from Rett Syndrome Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:203. [PMID: 28751857 PMCID: PMC5508027 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) has been implicated in several neurological disorders including Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the transcriptional modulator methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). The human BDNF gene has a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)—a methionine (met) substitution for valine (val) at codon 66—that affects BDNF’s trafficking and activity-dependent release and results in cognitive dysfunction. Humans that are carriers of the met-BDNF allele have subclinical memory deficits and reduced hippocampal volume and activation. It is still unclear whether this BDNF SNP affects the clinical outcome of RTT individuals. To evaluate whether this BDNF SNP contributes to RTT pathophysiology, we examined the consequences of expression of either val-BDNF or met-BDNF on dendrite and dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic function in cultured hippocampal neurons from wildtype (WT) and Mecp2 knockout (KO) mice. Our findings revealed that met-BDNF does not increase dendritic growth and branching, dendritic spine density and individual spine volume, and the number of excitatory synapses in WT neurons, as val-BDNF does. Furthermore, met-BDNF reduces dendritic complexity, dendritic spine volume and quantal excitatory synaptic transmission in Mecp2 KO neurons. These results suggest that the val-BDNF variant contributes to RTT pathophysiology, and that BDNF-based therapies should take into consideration the BDNF genotype of the RTT individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jordi Garcia
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rachel Ewalt
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shelly Nason
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
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163
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In vivo evaluation of the hippocampal glutamate, GABA and the BDNF levels associated with spatial memory performance in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Physiol Behav 2017; 175:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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164
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A Review of Protective Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Impairments Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Female Rats. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/archneurosci.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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165
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Bhalla US. Synaptic input sequence discrimination on behavioral timescales mediated by reaction-diffusion chemistry in dendrites. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28422010 PMCID: PMC5426902 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences of events are ubiquitous in sensory, motor, and cognitive function. Key computational operations, including pattern recognition, event prediction, and plasticity, involve neural discrimination of spatio-temporal sequences. Here, we show that synaptically-driven reaction-diffusion pathways on dendrites can perform sequence discrimination on behaviorally relevant time-scales. We used abstract signaling models to show that selectivity arises when inputs at successive locations are aligned with, and amplified by, propagating chemical waves triggered by previous inputs. We incorporated biological detail using sequential synaptic input onto spines in morphologically, electrically, and chemically detailed pyramidal neuronal models based on rat data. Again, sequences were recognized, and local channel modulation downstream of putative sequence-triggered signaling could elicit changes in neuronal firing. We predict that dendritic sequence-recognition zones occupy 5 to 30 microns and recognize time-intervals of 0.2 to 5 s. We suggest that this mechanism provides highly parallel and selective neural computation in a functionally important time range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upinder Singh Bhalla
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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166
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Chen H, Lombès M, Le Menuet D. Glucocorticoid receptor represses brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in neuron-like cells. Mol Brain 2017; 10:12. [PMID: 28403881 PMCID: PMC5389111 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in many functions such as neuronal growth, survival, synaptic plasticity and memorization. Altered expression levels are associated with many pathological situations such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is also crucial for neuron functions, via binding of glucocorticoid hormones (GCs). GR actions largely overlap those of BDNF. It has been proposed that GR could be a regulator of BDNF expression, however the molecular mechanisms involved have not been clearly defined yet. Herein, we analyzed the effect of a GC agonist dexamethasone (DEX) on BDNF expression in mouse neuronal primary cultures and in the newly characterized, mouse hippocampal BZ cell line established by targeted oncogenesis. Mouse Bdnf gene exhibits a complex genomic structure with 8 untranslated exons (I to VIII) splicing onto one common and unique coding exon IX. We found that DEX significantly downregulated total BDNF mRNA expression by around 30%. Expression of the highly expressed exon IV and VI containing transcripts was also reduced by DEX. The GR antagonist RU486 abolished this effect, which is consistent with specific GR-mediated action. Transient transfection assays allowed us to define a short 275 bp region within exon IV promoter responsible for GR-mediated Bdnf repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated GR recruitment onto this fragment, through unidentified transcription factor tethering. Altogether, GR downregulates Bdnf expression through direct binding to Bdnf regulatory sequences. These findings bring new insights into the crosstalk between GR and BDNF signaling pathways both playing a major role in physiology and pathology of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Damien Le Menuet
- Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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167
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McIsaac W, Ferguson AV. Glucose concentrations modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor responsiveness of neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28258626 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is critical for normal energy balance and has been shown to contain high levels of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-receptor kinase B mRNA. Microinjections of BDNF into the PVN increase energy expenditure, suggesting that BDNF plays an important role in energy homeostasis through direct actions in this nucleus. The present study aimed to examine the postsynaptic effects of BDNF on the membrane potential of PVN neurones, and also to determine whether extracellular glucose concentrations modulated these effects. We used hypothalamic PVN slices from male Sprague-Dawley rats to perform whole cell current-clamp recordings from PVN neurones. BDNF was bath applied at a concentration of 2 nmol L-1 and the effects on membrane potential determined. BDNF caused depolarisations in 54% of neurones (n=25; mean±SEM, 8.9±1.2 mV) and hyperpolarisations in 23% (n=11; -6.7±1.4 mV), whereas the remaining cells were unaffected. These effects were maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (n=9; 56% depolarised, 22% hyperpolarised, 22% nonresponders), or the GABAa antagonist bicuculline (n=12; 42% depolarised, 17% hyperpolarised, 41% nonresponders), supporting the conclusion that these effects on membrane potential were postsynaptic. Current-clamp recordings from PVN neurones next examined the effects of BDNF on these neurones at varying extracellular glucose concentrations. Larger proportions of PVN neurones hyperpolarised in response to BDNF as the glucose concentrations decreased [10 mmol L-1 glucose 23% (n=11) of neurones hyperpolarised, whereas, at 0.2 mmol L-1 glucose, 71% showed hyperpolarising effects (n=12)]. Our findings reveal that BDNF has direct GABAA independent effects on PVN neurones, which are modulated by local glucose concentrations. The latter observation further emphasises the critical importance of using physiologically relevant conditions in an investigation of the central pathways involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W McIsaac
- Centre for Neuroscience, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A V Ferguson
- Centre for Neuroscience, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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168
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Hsiao YH, Hung HC, Yu YJ, Su CL, Chen SH, Gean PW. Co-housing reverses memory decline by epigenetic regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:1-8. [PMID: 28274822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Co-housing with a company exerts profound effects on memory decline in animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we found that APP/PS1 mice of 9-month-old improved their memories after co-housing with wide-type mice for 3months by increasing hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. However, the mechanism of how co-housing could induce BDNF expression remains elusive. Here we examined epigenetic changes in the mouse hippocampus that accompanied the co-housing-induced memory improvement. We found that the level of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), but not that of HDAC1, was significantly lower in the memory improved mice than in the control and memory un-improved APP/PS1 mice after co-housing. Knockdown of Hdac2 resulted in a higher freezing response after co-housing. Conversely, over-expression of HDAC2 blocked co-housing-induced memory improvement. The level of Bdnf exon IV mRNA increased significantly after knockdown of Hdac2. ChIP assay revealed a decreased occupancy of HDAC2 in the promoter region of Bdnf exon IV of memory improved mice but not memory un-improved and control APP/PS1 mice. Consistently, the acetylation of histone 3 on Lys 9 (H3K9) and histone 4 on Lys12 (H4K12) increased significantly in the promoter region of Bdnf exon IV. These results suggest HDAC2 expression is reduced after co-housing resulting in a decreased occupancy of HDAC2 and increased histone H3K9 and H4K12 acetylation in the promoter region of Bdnf exon IV, leading to increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus that improves memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Hung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Jung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wu Gean
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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169
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Franklin DJ, Grossberg S. A neural model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation: adaptively timed conditioning, hippocampus, amnesia, neurotrophins, and consciousness. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:24-76. [PMID: 27905080 PMCID: PMC5272895 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact with thalamocortical systems to regulate cognitive and cognitive-emotional learning? Why do lesions of thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex have differential effects depending on the phase of learning when they occur? In particular, why is the hippocampus typically needed for trace conditioning, but not delay conditioning, and what do the exceptions reveal? Why do amygdala lesions made before or immediately after training decelerate conditioning while those made later do not? Why do thalamic or sensory cortical lesions degrade trace conditioning more than delay conditioning? Why do hippocampal lesions during trace conditioning experiments degrade recent but not temporally remote learning? Why do orbitofrontal cortical lesions degrade temporally remote but not recent or post-lesion learning? How is temporally graded amnesia caused by ablation of prefrontal cortex after memory consolidation? How are attention and consciousness linked during conditioning? How do neurotrophins, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), influence memory formation and consolidation? Is there a common output path for learned performance? A neural model proposes a unified answer to these questions that overcome problems of alternative memory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Franklin
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Departments of Mathematics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Room 213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Grossberg
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Graduate Program in Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Departments of Mathematics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Room 213, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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170
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Vedder LC, Savage LM. BDNF regains function in hippocampal long-term potentiation deficits caused by diencephalic damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:81-85. [PMID: 28096497 PMCID: PMC5238722 DOI: 10.1101/lm.043927.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency (TD), commonly associated with chronic alcoholism, leads to diencephalic damage, hippocampal dysfunction, and spatial learning and memory deficits. We show a decrease in the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at CA3–CA1 synapses, independent of sex, following diencephalic damage induced by TD in rats. Thus, despite a lack of extensive hippocampal cell loss, diencephalic brain damage down-regulates plastic processes within the hippocampus, likely contributing to impaired hippocampal-dependent behaviors. However, both measures of hippocampal plasticity (LTP, PPF) were restored with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), revealing an avenue for neural and behavioral recovery following diencephalic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C Vedder
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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171
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Sui Z, Qi C, Huang Y, Ma S, Wang X, Le G, Sun J. Aqueous extracts from asparagus stems prevent memory impairments in scopolamine-treated mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:1460-1467. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts fromAsparagus officinalisL. reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments by increasing acetylcholine and expression of BDNF and CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
| | - Ce Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Asparagus Engineering Technology Research Centre of Hebei
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute
- Qinhuangdao 066004
| | - Shufeng Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
| | - Xinguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
| | - Guowei Le
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi214122
- China
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172
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Park JM, Seong HH, Jin HB, Kim YJ. The Effect of Long-Term Environmental Enrichment in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 19:278-286. [PMID: 28032515 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416686179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia. It occurs when the cerebral blood supply is reduced by disarrangement of the circulatory system. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been associated with cognitive improvement, motor function recovery, and anxiety relief with respect to various neurodegenerative diseases and emotional stress models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term EE influenced cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic hypoperfusion induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAo). The Y-maze and Morris water maze tests were performed to evaluate the rats' cognitive functions. Also, the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated cAMP-calcium response element binding protein (pCREB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were confirmed by Western blot. The microvessels and angiogenesis-associated proteins in the hippocampal region were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The VaD + EE group showed significantly better cognitive functions than the VaD group in both the Y-maze and MWM tests. In addition, the VaD + EE group showed significantly increased expression of BDNF, pCREB, and VEGF in the hippocampus compared to the VaD group. Rats in the VaD + EE group also had increased length of microvessels and VEGF expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that long-term EE exerts neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the enhancement of BDNF, pCREB, and VEGF expression and indicate that EE may be a good nursing intervention in vascular dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- 1 Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Youn-Jung Kim
- 4 East West Nursing Institute, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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173
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 131:123-138. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in the central nervous system, promoting synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The BDNF gene structure is very complex and consists of multiple 5′-non-coding exons, which give rise to differently spliced transcripts, and one coding exon at the 3′-end. These multiple transcripts, together with the complex transcriptional regulatory machinery, lead to a complex and fine regulation of BDNF expression that can be tissue and stimulus specific. BDNF effects are mainly mediated by the high-affinity, tropomyosin-related, kinase B receptor and involve the activation of several downstream cascades, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospholipase C-γ and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. BDNF exerts a wide range of effects on neuronal function, including the modulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Importantly, alterations in BDNF expression and function are involved in different brain disorders and represent a major downstream mechanism for stress response, which has important implications in psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorders and schizophrenia. In the present review, we have summarized the main features of BDNF in relation to neuronal plasticity, stress response and pathological conditions, and discussed the role of BDNF as a possible target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in the context of psychiatric illnesses.
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174
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Oh KJ, Lee DS, Kim WK, Han BS, Lee SC, Bae KH. Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity and Type II Diabetes: Myokines, Adipokines and Hepatokines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010008. [PMID: 28025491 PMCID: PMC5297643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type II diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. A high caloric intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle is the leading cause of these conditions. Whole-body insulin resistance and its improvement are the result of the combined actions of each insulin-sensitive organ. Among the fundamental molecular mechanisms by which each organ is able to communicate and engage in cross-talk are cytokines or peptides which stem from secretory organs. Recently, it was reported that several cytokines or peptides are secreted from muscle (myokines), adipose tissue (adipokines) and liver (hepatokines) in response to certain nutrition and/or physical activity conditions. Cytokines exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. The present review is focused on the relationship and cross-talk amongst muscle, adipose tissue and the liver as secretory organs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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175
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Wiegand A, Nieratschker V, Plewnia C. Genetic Modulation of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Cognition. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:651. [PMID: 28066217 PMCID: PMC5177633 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High inter-individual variability substantially challenges the explanatory power of studies on the modulation of cognitive functions with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These differences in responsivity have been linked with a critical state-dependency of stimulation effects. In general, genetic diversity is a decisive biological basis of variations in neuronal network functioning. Therefore, it is most likely that inter-individual variability of tDCS-induced changes in cognitive functions is due to specific interactions between genetically determined network properties and the specific type of stimulation. In this context, predominantly the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val108/158Met polymorphisms have been investigated. The studies on the interaction between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and the effect of brain stimulation indicate a critical but yet heterogeneous interaction. But up to now, data on the interplay between this polymorphism and tDCS on cognitive functioning are not available. However, recently, the functional Val(108/158)Met polymorphism in the COMT gene, that is particularly involved in the regulation of executive functions by means of the dopaminergic tone in frontal brain areas, has been demonstrated to specifically predict the effect of tDCS on cognitive control. Following an inverted U-shaped function, the high dopaminergic activity in Met allele homozygous individuals has been shown to be associated with a reduction of executive functioning by anodal tDCS to the prefrontal cortex. Consistently, Val homozygous individuals with lower dopaminergic tone show a clear reduction of response inhibition with cathodal tDCS. These findings exemplify the notion of a complex but neurophysiologically consistent interaction between genetically determined variations of neuronal activity and tDCS, particularly in the cognitive domain. Consequently, a systematic analysis and consideration of genetic modulators of tDCS effects will be helpful to improve the efficacy of brain stimulation and particularly tDCS in the investigation and treatment of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Wiegand
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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176
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Borba EM, Duarte JA, Bristot G, Scotton E, Camozzato AL, Chaves MLF. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Levels and Hippocampal Volume in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia due to Alzheimer Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:559-567. [PMID: 28101102 PMCID: PMC5216193 DOI: 10.1159/000450601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Hippocampal atrophy is a recognized biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reduction has been associated with neurodegeneration. We aimed to evaluate BDNF serum levels and hippocampal volume in clinical AD (dementia and mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). Methods Participants were 10 patients with MCI and 13 with dementia due to AD as well as 10 healthy controls. BDNF serum levels were determined by ELISA and volumetric measures with NeuroQuant®. Results MCI and dementia patients presented lower BDNF serum levels than healthy participants; dementia patients presented a smaller hippocampal volume than MCI patients and healthy participants. Discussion The findings support that the decrease in BDNF might start before the establishment of neuronal injury expressed by the hippocampal reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericksen Mielle Borba
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Avila Duarte
- Radiology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ellen Scotton
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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177
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ŞİMŞEK Ş, GENÇOĞLAN S, YÜKSEL T, KAPLAN İ, AKTAŞ H, ALACA R. Evaluation of the Relationship between Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Levels and the Stroop Interference Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:348-352. [PMID: 28360811 PMCID: PMC5353043 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2016.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, impairment in executive functions has been reported in children with ADHD. This study investigated the presence of a relationship between Stroop test scores and BDNF levels in children with ADHD. METHODS The study was conducted in the Department of Child Psychiatry at Dicle University. The study included 49 children between 6 and 15 years of age (M/F: 42/7), who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV, and who did not receive previous therapy. Similar in terms of age and gender to the ADHD group, 40 children were selected in the control group. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version was administered to all participants. Parents and teachers were administered Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale to measure symptom severity in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD underwent the Stroop test. BDNF levels were evaluated in serum by ELISA. RESULTS The ADHD and control groups did not differ in terms of BDNF levels. BDNF levels did not differ between ADHD subtypes. There was also no relationship between the Stroop test interference scores and BDNF levels. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study are in line with those in studies that demonstrated no significant role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeref ŞİMŞEK
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Salih GENÇOĞLAN
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yüzüncü Yıl University School of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Tuğba YÜKSEL
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim KAPLAN
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin AKTAŞ
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Rümeysa ALACA
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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178
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Bombardier A, Beauchemin M, Gosselin N, Poirier J, De Beaumont L. Altered Episodic Memory in Introverted Young Adults Carrying the BDNF Met Allele. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111886. [PMID: 27845759 PMCID: PMC5133885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While most studies have been interested in the distinct, predisposing roles of the common BDNF Val66Met variant and extraversion personality traits on episodic memory, very few studies have looked at the synergistic effects of genetic and personality factors to account for cognitive variance. This is surprising considering recent reports challenging the long-held belief that the BDNFMet variant negatively impacts cognitive function. A total of 75 young healthy adults (26 of them carried at least one copy of the BDNFMet allele) took part in this study consisting of genetic profiling from saliva, personality assessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and a short battery of neuropsychological tests. An ANOVA revealed that BDNFMet carriers were significantly less extraverted than BDNFVal carriers (F1,73 = 9.54; p < 0.01; ηp² = 0.126). Moreover, extraversion was found to significantly moderate the relationship between the BDNF genotype and episodic memory performance (p = 0.03). Subsequent correlational analyses yielded a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.542; p < 0.005) between introversion and delayed episodic memory specific to BDNFMet individuals. The present study suggests that introversion and the BDNFMet variant synergistically interact to reduce episodic memory performance in healthy, young adults. These findings reaffirm that a more accurate explanation of cognitive variance can be achieved by looking at the synergistic effects of genotype and phenotype factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreanne Bombardier
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Maude Beauchemin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.
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179
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Chang YK, Alderman BL, Chu CH, Wang CC, Song TF, Chen FT. Acute exercise has a general facilitative effect on cognitive function: A combined ERP temporal dynamics and BDNF study. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:289-300. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Brandon L. Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health; Rutgers University; New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Chien-Heng Chu
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Chun-Chih Wang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Tai-Fen Song
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
| | - Feng-Tzu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan City Taiwan R. O. C
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180
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Wearick-Silva LE, Marshall P, Viola TW, Centeno-Silva A, de Azeredo LA, Orso R, Li X, Donadio MV, Bredy TW, Grassi-Oliveira R. Running during adolescence rescues a maternal separation-induced memory impairment in female mice: Potential role of differential exon-specific BDNF expression. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 59:268-274. [PMID: 27807856 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress has been associated with memory impairments related to changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. However, the potential impact of physical exercise to reverse these effects of maternal separation has been under investigated. Mice were subjected to maternal separation during the first 2 weeks of life and then exposed to a 3-week running protocol during adolescence. The spontaneous object recognition task was performed during adolescence followed by analysis of hippocampal expression of exons I, IV, and IX of the BDNF gene. As expected, maternal separation impaired recognition memory and this effect was reversed by exercise. In addition, running increased BDNF exon I expression, but decreased expression of BDNF exon IV in all groups, while exon IX expression increased only in MS animals exposed to exercise. Our data suggest that memory deficits can be attenuated by exercise and specific transcripts of the BDNF gene are dynamically regulated following both MS and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Wearick-Silva
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Centeno-Silva
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo de Azeredo
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Orso
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Márcio V Donadio
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Timothy W Bredy
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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181
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Gudasheva TA, Povarnina P, Logvinov IO, Antipova TA, Seredenin SB. Mimetics of brain-derived neurotrophic factor loops 1 and 4 are active in a model of ischemic stroke in rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3545-3553. [PMID: 27843294 PMCID: PMC5098525 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s118768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two dimeric dipeptides, bis-(N-monosuccinyl-l-seryl-l-lysine)hexamethylenediamide (GSB-106) and bis-(N-monosuccinyl-l-methionyl-l-serine) heptamethylenediamide (GSB-214), were designed based on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) loop 4 and loop 1 β-turn sequences, respectively. Earlier, both of these dipeptides were shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity in vitro (10-5-10-8 M). The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of these peptides and their neuroprotective activity in an experimental stroke model. METHODS We used western blot and HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line to investigate whether these peptides induced phosphorylation of the TrkB receptor and the AKT and ERK kinases. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used as a stroke model. GSB-106 and GSB-214 were administered intraperitoneally (0.1 mg (1.3×10-7 mol)/kg) 4 hours after MCAO and daily for 7 days. The cerebral infarct volumes were measured with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining 21 days after MCAO. RESULTS Both compounds were shown to elevate the TrkB phosphorylation level while having different post-receptor signaling patterns. GSB-106 activated the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways simultaneously, whereas GSB-214 activated the PI3K/AKT only. In experimental stroke, the reduction of cerebral infarct volume by GSB-106 (∼66%) was significantly greater than that of GSB-214 (∼28% reduction), which could be explained by the fundamental role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Notably, between these two dipeptides, only GSB-106 exhibited antidepressant activity, as was found previously. CONCLUSION The results provided support for the beneficial pharmacological properties of BDNF loop 4 mimetic GSB-106, thereby suggesting a potential role for this dipeptide as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sergey B Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, VV Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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182
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Xiao S, Zhou D, Luan P, Gu B, Feng L, Fan S, Liao W, Fang W, Yang L, Tao E, Guo R, Liu J. Graphene quantum dots conjugated neuroprotective peptide improve learning and memory capability. Biomaterials 2016; 106:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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183
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Han L, Chen L, Xu Y, Sun F, Ji M, Yang J, Bao H. Dexmedetomidine Acts via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Neurocognitive Deficits in Senile Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164763. [PMID: 27768775 PMCID: PMC5074497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits could be alleviated by dexmedetomidine in young animal subjects. In the current study, we examine whether dexmedetomidine could also alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in senile animals. Methods Senile male C57BL/6 mice (20 months) received dexmedetomidine (50 μg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 30 minutes prior to isoflurane exposure (1.3% for 4 h). Cognitive function was assessed 19 days later using a 5-day testing regimen with Morris water maze. Some subjects also received pretreatment with α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist atipamezole (250 μg/kg, i.p.), JAK2 inhibitor AG490 (15 mg/kg i.p.) or STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 (40 mg/kg i.p.) 30 minutes prior to dexmedetomidine. Results Isoflurane exposure increased and reduced the time spent in the quadrant containing the target platform in training sessions. The number of crossings over the original target quadrant was also decreased. Dexmedotomidine attenuated such effects. Effects of dexmedotomidine were reduced by pretreatment with atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hippocampus induced by isoflurane was augmented by dexmedetomidine. Effects of dexmedetomidine on JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation were attenuated by atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Isoflurane promoted neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAD, and reduced Bcl-2 expression. Attenuation of such effects by dexmedotomidine was partially blocked by atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine could protect against isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in senile mice by stimulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Such findings encourage the use of dexmedetomidine in geriatric patients receiving isoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, College of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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184
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Effects of Physical Activity Programs on the Improvement of Dementia Symptom: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2920146. [PMID: 27819000 PMCID: PMC5081454 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2920146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To confirm that physical activity program improves the symptoms of dementia and the most effective physical activity was selected to help establish exercise programs. Methods. Three databases, PubMed, Science Direct, and Willey online, were used to collect articles. The databases were published between January 2005 and December 2015. Keywords such as “dementia,” and “physical activity” were used in searching for papers. As a result, nine studies were selected in the second screening of the meta-analyses. Results. The improvement in the dementia symptom of physical capacity was 1.05 (high effect size, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.73), ability of activity of daily living was 0.73 (slightly high effect size, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.23), cognitive function was 0.46 (medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.66), and psychological state was 0.39 (lower than the medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.77). Conclusion. The physical activity for patients with dementia had an effect on the improvement of physical capacity and combined exercise was the most effective physical activity.
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185
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Serum Markers of Neurodegeneration in Maple Syrup Urine Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5709-5719. [PMID: 27660262 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited disorder caused by deficient activity of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex involved in the degradation pathway of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their respective α-keto-acids. Patients affected by MSUD present severe neurological symptoms and brain abnormalities, whose pathophysiology is poorly known. However, preclinical studies have suggested alterations in markers involved with neurodegeneration. Because there are no studies in the literature that report the neurodegenerative markers in MSUD patients, the present study evaluated neurodegenerative markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cathepsin D, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 total (PAI-1 (total)), platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA), PDGF-AB/BB) in plasma from 10 MSUD patients during dietary treatment. Our results showed a significant decrease in BDNF and PDGF-AA levels in MSUD patients. On the other hand, NCAM and cathepsin D levels were significantly greater in MSUD patients compared to the control group, while no significant changes were observed in the levels of PAI-1 (total) and PDGF-AB/BB between the control and MSUD groups. Our data show that MSUD patients present alterations in proteins involved in the neurodegenerative process. Thus, the present findings corroborate previous studies that demonstrated that neurotrophic factors and lysosomal proteases may contribute, along with other mechanisms, to the intellectual deficit and neurodegeneration observed in MSUD.
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186
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Possible involvement of hippocampal immediate–early genes in contextual fear memory deficit induced by cranial irradiation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 133:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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187
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Polygalasaponin XXXII, a triterpenoid saponin from Polygalae Radix, attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1045-53. [PMID: 27180981 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent studies show that the extract of a Chinese herb Polygalae Radix exerts cognition-enhancing actions in rats and humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacological profiles of active compounds extracted from Polygalae Radix. METHODS Two fractions P3 and P6 and two compounds PTM-15 and polygalasaponin XXXII (PGS32) were prepared. Neuroprotective effects were evaluated in primary cortical neurons exposed to high concentration glutamate, serum deficiency or H2O2. Anti-dementia actions were assessed in scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice using step-through avoidance tests and channel water maze tests. After conducting the channel water maze tests, TrkB phosphorylation in mouse hippocampus was detected using Western blotting. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced in the dentate gyrus in adult rats; PGS32 (5 μL 400 μmol/L) was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle 20 min after high frequency stimulation (HFS). RESULTS Compared to the fraction P6, the fraction P3 showed more prominent neuroprotective effects in vitro and cognition-enhancing effects in scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. One active compound PGS32 in the fraction P3 exerted potent cognition-enhancing action: oral administration of PGS32 (0.125 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for 19 days abolished scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Furthermore, PGS32 (0.5 and 2 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of TrkB in the hippocampus. Intracerebroventricular injection of PGS32 significantly enhanced HFS-induced LTP in the dentate gyrus of rats. CONCLUSION PGS32 attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice, suggesting that it has a potential for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and dementia.
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188
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Li C, Zhang C, Li J, Cao X, Song D. An Experimental Study of the Potential Biological Effects Associated with 2-D Shear Wave Elastography on the Neonatal Brain. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1551-1559. [PMID: 27112914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
2-D Shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging is widely used in clinical practice, and some researchers have applied this technique in the evaluation of neonatal brains. However, the immediate and long-term impacts of dynamic radiation force exposure on the neonatal central nervous system remain unknown. In this study, we exposed neonatal mice to 2-D SWE scanning for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min under diagnostic mode (mechanical index [MI]: 1.3; thermal index [TI]: 0.5), respectively. For the control group, the neonatal mice were sham irradiated for 30 min with the machine powered off. Their brains were collected and analyzed using histologic staining and western blot analysis at 24 h and 3 mo after the 2-D SWE scanning. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess learning and memory function of the mice at 3 mo of age. The results indicated that using 2-D SWE in evaluating brains of neonatal mice does not cause detectable histologic changes, nor does it have long-term effects on their learning and memory abilities. However, the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR pathway was disturbed when the 2-D SWE scanning lasted for more than 30 min, and the expression of p-PKCa was suppressed by 10 min or more in 2-D SWE scanning. Although these injuries may be self-repaired as the mice grow, more attention should be paid to the scanning duration when applying 2-D-SWE elastography in the assessment of neonatal brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtian Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Southern Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junlai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Southern Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Southern Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danfei Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The Southern Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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189
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Li L, Xu M, Shen B, Li M, Gao Q, Wei SG. Moderate exercise prevents neurodegeneration in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:807-15. [PMID: 27335566 PMCID: PMC4904473 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.182709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
D-galactose has been widely used in aging research because of its efficacy in inducing senescence and accelerating aging in animal models. The present study investigated the benefits of exercise for preventing neurodegeneration, such as synaptic plasticity, spatial learning and memory abilities, in mouse models of aging. D-galactose-induced aging mice were administered daily subcutaneous injections of D-galactose at the base of the neck for 10 consecutive weeks. Then, the mice were subjected to exercise training by running on a treadmill for 6 days a week. Shortened escape latency in a Morris water maze test indicated that exercise improved learning and memory in aging mice. The ameliorative changes were likely induced by an upregulation of Bcl-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the repression of apoptosis factors such as Fas and Bax, and an increase in the activity of glucose transporters-1 and 4. The data suggest moderate exercise may retard or inhibit neurodegeneration in D-galactose-induced aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Beijing YouAn Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Children's and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Children's and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Gang Wei
- Department of Children's and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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190
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White AO, Kramár EA, López AJ, Kwapis JL, Doan J, Saldana D, Davatolhagh MF, Alaghband Y, Blurton-Jones M, Matheos DP, Wood MA. BDNF rescues BAF53b-dependent synaptic plasticity and cocaine-associated memory in the nucleus accumbens. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11725. [PMID: 27226355 PMCID: PMC4894971 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence implicates epigenetic mechanisms in drug-associated memory processes. However, a possible role for one major epigenetic mechanism, nucleosome remodelling, in drug-associated memories remains largely unexplored. Here we examine mice with genetic manipulations targeting a neuron-specific nucleosome remodelling complex subunit, BAF53b. These mice display deficits in cocaine-associated memory that are more severe in BAF53b transgenic mice compared with BAF53b heterozygous mice. Similar to the memory deficits, theta-induced long-term potentiation (theta-LTP) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is significantly impaired in slices taken from BAF53b transgenic mice but not heterozygous mice. Further experiments indicate that theta-LTP in the NAc is dependent on TrkB receptor activation, and that BDNF rescues theta-LTP and cocaine-associated memory deficits in BAF53b transgenic mice. Together, these results suggest a role for BAF53b in NAc neuronal function required for cocaine-associated memories, and also that BDNF/TrkB activation in the NAc may overcome memory and plasticity deficits linked to BAF53b mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O White
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Enikö A Kramár
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Alberto J López
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - John Doan
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - David Saldana
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Felicia Davatolhagh
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yasaman Alaghband
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Dina P Matheos
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- 301 Qureshey Research Lab, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience (ICAN), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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191
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Lack of an association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and plasma BDNF with hippocampal volume and memory. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 15:625-43. [PMID: 25784293 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to be important for neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in nonhuman animals. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene, involving a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) substitution at codon 66, has been associated with lower BDNF secretion in vitro. However, there have been mixed results regarding associations between either circulating BDNF or the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with hippocampal volume and memory in humans. The current study examined the association of BDNF genotype and plasma BDNF with hippocampal volume and memory in two large independent cohorts of middle-aged and older adults (both cognitively normal and early-stage dementia). Sample sizes ranged from 123 to 649. Measures of the BDNF genotype, plasma BDNF, MRI-based hippocampal volume, and memory performance were obtained from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). There were no significant differences between BDNF Met+ and Met- groups on either hippocampal volume or memory in either cohort. In addition, plasma BDNF was not significantly associated with either hippocampal volume or memory in either cohort. Neither age, cognitive status, nor gender moderated any of the relationships. Overall, current findings suggest that BDNF genotype and plasma BDNF may not be robust predictors for variance in hippocampal volume and memory in middle age and older adult cohorts.
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192
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Wu J, Zhang M, Li H, Sun X, Hao S, Ji M, Yang J, Li K. BDNF pathway is involved in the protective effects of SS-31 on isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in aging mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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193
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Cao Z, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Huang W, Xu F, Zhuang C, Wang X, Li Y. Aluminum chloride induces neuroinflammation, loss of neuronal dendritic spine and cognition impairment in developing rat. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:289-95. [PMID: 26946116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is present in the daily life of humans, and the incidence of Al contamination increased in recent years. Long-term excessive Al intake induces neuroinflammation and cognition impairment. Neuroinflammation alter density of dendritic spine, which, in turn, influence cognition function. However, it is unknown whether increased neuroinflammation is associated with altered density of dendritic spine in Al-treated rats. In the present study, AlCl3 was orally administrated to rat at 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg for 90d. We examined the effects of AlCl3 on the cognition function, density of dendritic spine in hippocampus of CA1 and DG region and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MHC II, CX3CL1 and BNDF in developing rat. These results showed exposure to AlCl3 lead to increased mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCH II, decreased mRNA levels of CX3CL1 and BDNF, decreased density of dendritic spine and impaired learning and memory in developing rat. Our results suggest AlCl3 can induce neuroinflammation that may result in loss of spine, and thereby leads to learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feibo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cuicui Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Suihua Food and Drug Administration, Suihua, 152000, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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194
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Rivera-Olvera A, Rodríguez-Durán LF, Escobar ML. Conditioned taste aversion prevents the long-lasting BDNF-induced enhancement of synaptic transmission in the insular cortex: A metaplastic effect. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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195
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Phillips TJ, Mootz JRK, Reed C. Identification of Treatment Targets in a Genetic Mouse Model of Voluntary Methamphetamine Drinking. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 126:39-85. [PMID: 27055611 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine has powerful stimulant and euphoric effects that are experienced as rewarding and encourage use. Methamphetamine addiction is associated with debilitating illnesses, destroyed relationships, child neglect, violence, and crime; but after many years of research, broadly effective medications have not been identified. Individual differences that may impact not only risk for developing a methamphetamine use disorder but also affect treatment response have not been fully considered. Human studies have identified candidate genes that may be relevant, but lack of control over drug history, the common use or coabuse of multiple addictive drugs, and restrictions on the types of data that can be collected in humans are barriers to progress. To overcome some of these issues, a genetic animal model comprised of lines of mice selectively bred for high and low voluntary methamphetamine intake was developed to identify risk and protective alleles for methamphetamine consumption, and identify therapeutic targets. The mu opioid receptor gene was supported as a target for genes within a top-ranked transcription factor network associated with level of methamphetamine intake. In addition, mice that consume high levels of methamphetamine were found to possess a nonfunctional form of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). The Taar1 gene is within a mouse chromosome 10 quantitative trait locus for methamphetamine consumption, and TAAR1 function determines sensitivity to aversive effects of methamphetamine that may curb intake. The genes, gene interaction partners, and protein products identified in this genetic mouse model represent treatment target candidates for methamphetamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Phillips
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - J R K Mootz
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - C Reed
- Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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196
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Effects of pre-natal alcohol exposure on hippocampal synaptic plasticity: Sex, age and methodological considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:12-34. [PMID: 26906760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol during gestation is detrimental to the developing central nervous system (CNS). The severity of structural and functional brain alterations associated with alcohol intake depends on many factors including the timing and duration of alcohol consumption. The hippocampal formation, a brain region implicated in learning and memory, is highly susceptible to the effects of developmental alcohol exposure. Some of the observed effects of alcohol on learning and memory may be due to changes at the synaptic level, as this teratogen has been repeatedly shown to interfere with hippocampal synaptic plasticity. At the molecular level alcohol interferes with receptor proteins and can disrupt hormones that are important for neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity. In this review we examine the consequences of prenatal and early postnatal alcohol exposure on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and highlight the numerous factors that can modulate the effects of alcohol. We also discuss some potential mechanisms responsible for these changes as well as emerging therapeutic avenues that are beginning to be explored.
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197
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Kuipers SD, Trentani A, Tiron A, Mao X, Kuhl D, Bramham CR. BDNF-induced LTP is associated with rapid Arc/Arg3.1-dependent enhancement in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21222. [PMID: 26888068 PMCID: PMC4758047 DOI: 10.1038/srep21222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a remarkable phenomenon involved in various aspects of learning and memory as well as disease pathophysiology. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) represents a major player in the regulation of this unique form of neuroplasticity, yet the mechanisms underlying its pro-neurogenic actions remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects associated with brief (25 min), unilateral infusion of BDNF in the rat dentate gyrus. Acute BDNF infusion induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of medial perforant path-evoked synaptic transmission and, concomitantly, enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis bilaterally, reflected by increased dentate gyrus BrdU + cell numbers. Importantly, inhibition of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) translation through local, unilateral infusion of anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides (ArcAS) prior to BDNF infusion blocked both BDNF-LTP induction and the associated pro-neurogenic effects. Notably, basal rates of proliferation and newborn cell survival were unaltered in homozygous Arc/Arg3.1 knockout mice. Taken together these findings link the pro-neurogenic effects of acute BDNF infusion to induction of Arc/Arg3.1-dependent LTP in the adult rodent dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje D Kuipers
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Trentani
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian Tiron
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaosong Mao
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Jonas Lies vei 91, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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198
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Tian M, Li Z, Wang G, Pan W, Li K. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on learning and memory impairment induced by repeated propofol anesthesia in young rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1493-1498. [PMID: 27073471 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the learning and memory ability of young rats exposed to propofol, and its underlying mechanisms. Sprague Dawley rats (n=60) were randomly divided into six groups: Control group (group A); solvent control group (group B); propofol group (group C); low-dose DHA + propofol group (group D); medium dose DHA + propofol group (group E); and high-dose DHA + propofol group (group F). The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the rats' learning and memory ability, and tissue samples from the hippocampi of the rats were obtained for biochemical analysis. The results of the MWM test revealed that DHA supplementation administered to young rats led to an evident decrease in the latency to find the maze platform, and a significant increase in the number of platform crossings in groups E and F compared with group C (P<0.05). High-performance liquid chromatography indicated that glutamate concentration levels were significantly lower and γ-aminobutyric acid concentration levels were significantly higher in the hippocampi of group E and F rats treated with DHA compared with group C rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, DHA treatment alleviated the decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (P<0.05), and superoxide dismutase (P<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05) activities induced by the administration of propofol. Additionally, DHA treatment decreased malondialdehyde levels in the hippocampi of rats (P<0.05). The aforementioned findings demonstrate that DHA was able to effectively improve learning and memory dysfunction induced by repeated propofol-induced anesthesia in young rats. This data suggests that DHA may be a potential candidate for further preclinical studies aimed at treating postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Gao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Weizhong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Kezhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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199
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Gilbert ME, Sanchez-Huerta K, Wood C. Mild Thyroid Hormone Insufficiency During Development Compromises Activity-Dependent Neuroplasticity in the Hippocampus of Adult Male Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:774-87. [PMID: 26606422 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency during critical phases of brain development results in irreversible neurological and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms accounting for this are likely multifactorial, and are not fully understood. Here we pursue the possibility that one important element is that TH affects basal and activity-dependent neurotrophin expression in brain regions important for neural processing. Graded exposure to propylthiouracil (PTU) during development produced dose-dependent reductions in mRNA expression of nerve growth factor (Ngf) in whole hippocampus of neonates. These changes in basal expression persisted to adulthood despite the return to euthyroid conditions in blood. In contrast to small PTU-induced reductions in basal expression of several genes, developmental PTU treatment dramatically reduced the activity-dependent expression of neurotrophins and related genes (Bdnft, Bdnfiv, Arc, and Klf9) in adulthood and was accompanied by deficits in hippocampal-based learning. These data demonstrate that mild TH insufficiency during development not only reduces expression of important neurotrophins that persists into adulthood but also severely restricts the activity-dependent induction of these genes. Considering the importance of these neurotrophins for sculpting the structural and functional synaptic architecture in the developing and the mature brain, it is likely that TH-mediated deficits in these plasticity mechanisms contribute to the cognitive deficiencies that accompany developmental TH compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gilbert
- Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G., C.W.), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek" (K.S.-H.), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico 07738
| | - K Sanchez-Huerta
- Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G., C.W.), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek" (K.S.-H.), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico 07738
| | - C Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division (M.E.G., C.W.), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Departamento de Fisiología "Mauricio Russek" (K.S.-H.), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico 07738
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200
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Wang C, Li Z, Han H, Luo G, Zhou B, Wang S, Wang J. Impairment of object recognition memory by maternal bisphenol A exposure is associated with inhibition of Akt and ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway in the male offspring hippocampus. Toxicology 2016; 341-343:56-64. [PMID: 26827910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemical used as a component of polycarbonates plastics that has potential adverse effects on human health. Exposure to BPA during development has been implicated in memory deficits, but the mechanism of action underlying the effect is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal exposure to BPA on object recognition memory and the expressions of proteins important for memory, especially focusing on the ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats were orally treated with either vehicle or BPA (0.05, 0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg BW/day) during days 9-20 of gestation. Male offspring were tested on postnatal day 21 with the object recognition task. Recognition memory was assessed using the object recognition index (index=the time spent exploring the novel object/(the time spent exploring the novel object+the time spent exploring the familiar object)). In the test session performed 90 min after the training session, BPA-exposed male offspring not only spent more time in exploring the familiar object at the highest dose than the control, but also displayed a significantly decreased the object recognition index at the doses of 0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg BW/day. During the test session performed 24h after the training session, BPA-treated males did not change the time spent exploring the familiar object, but had a decreased object recognition index at 5 and 50 mg/kg BW/day, when compared to control group. These findings indicate that object recognition memory was susceptible to maternal BPA exposure. Western blot analysis of hippocampi from BPA-treated male offspring revealed a decrease in Akt, phospho-Akt, p44/42 MAPK and phospho-p44/42 MAPK protein levels, compared to controls. In addition, BPA significantly inhibited the levels of phosphorylation of CREB and BDNF in the hippocampus. Our results show that maternal BPA exposure may full impair object recognition memory, and that impairment may be related to a decrease in Akt activation and an inhibition of the ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway in the hippocampus. This study also adds new evidence that suggests BPA has an antagonistic effect on the action of estrogen in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, PR China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Haijun Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Guangying Luo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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