151
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Kuijken RCP, van Eeuwijk FA, Marcelis LFM, Bouwmeester HJ. Root phenotyping: from component trait in the lab to breeding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5389-401. [PMID: 26071534 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade cheaper and faster sequencing methods have resulted in an enormous increase in genomic data. High throughput genotyping, genotyping by sequencing and genomic breeding are becoming a standard in plant breeding. As a result, the collection of phenotypic data is increasingly becoming a limiting factor in plant breeding. Genetic studies on root traits are being hampered by the complexity of these traits and the inaccessibility of the rhizosphere. With an increasing interest in phenotyping, breeders and scientists try to overcome these limitations, resulting in impressive developments in automated phenotyping platforms. Recently, many such platforms have been thoroughly described, yet their efficiency to increase genetic gain often remains undiscussed. This efficiency depends on the heritability of the phenotyped traits as well as the correlation of these traits with agronomically relevant breeding targets. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in root phenotyping and describes the environmental and genetic factors influencing root phenotype and heritability. It also intends to give direction to future phenotyping and breeding strategies for optimizing root system functioning. A quantitative framework to determine the efficiency of phenotyping platforms for genetic gain is described. By increasing heritability, managing effects caused by interactions between genotype and environment and by quantifying the genetic relation between traits phenotyped in platforms and ultimate breeding targets, phenotyping platforms can be utilized to their maximum potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- René C P Kuijken
- Wageningen UR, Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands Wageningen UR, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Wageningen UR, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Wageningen UR, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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152
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Tohge T, Fernie AR. Metabolomics-Inspired Insight into Developmental, Environmental and Genetic Aspects of Tomato Fruit Chemical Composition and Quality. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1681-96. [PMID: 26228272 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tomato was one of the first plant species to be evaluated using metabolomics and remains one of the best characterized, with tomato fruit being both an important source of nutrition in the human diet and a valuable model system for the development of fleshy fruits. Additionally, given the broad habitat range of members of the tomato clade and the extensive use of exotic germplasm in tomato genetic research, it represents an excellent genetic model system for understanding both metabolism per se and the importance of various metabolites in conferring stress tolerance. This review summarizes technical approaches used to characterize the tomato metabolome to date and details insights into metabolic pathway structure and regulation that have been obtained via analysis of tissue samples taken under different developmental or environmental circumstance as well as following genetic perturbation. Particular attention is paid to compounds of importance for nutrition or the shelf-life of tomatoes. We propose furthermore how metabolomics information can be coupled to the burgeoning wealth of genome sequence data from the tomato clade to enhance further our understanding of (i) the shifts in metabolic regulation occurring during development and (ii) specialization of metabolism within the tomato clade as a consequence of either adaptive evolution or domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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153
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Li Y, Chen M, Wang S, Ning J, Ding X, Chu Z. AtMYB11 regulates caffeoylquinic acid and flavonol synthesis in tomato and tobacco. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE (PCTOC) 2015. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-015-0767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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154
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Oikawa A, Otsuka T, Nakabayashi R, Jikumaru Y, Isuzugawa K, Murayama H, Saito K, Shiratake K. Metabolic Profiling of Developing Pear Fruits Reveals Dynamic Variation in Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Including Plant Hormones. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131408. [PMID: 26168247 PMCID: PMC4500446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites in the fruits of edible plants include sweet sugars, visually appealing pigments, various products with human nutritional value, and biologically active plant hormones. Although quantities of these metabolites vary during fruit development and ripening because of cell division and enlargement, there are few reports describing the actual dynamics of these changes. Therefore, we applied multiple metabolomic techniques to identify the changes in metabolite levels during the development and ripening of pear fruits (Pyrus communis L. ‘La France’). We quantified and classified over 250 metabolites into six groups depending on their specific patterns of variation during development and ripening. Approximately half the total number of metabolites, including histidine and malate, accumulated transiently around the blooming period, during which cells are actively dividing, and then decreased either rapidly or slowly. Furthermore, the amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids also increased in pear fruits around 3–4 months after the blooming period, when fruit cells are enlarging, but virtually disappeared from ripened fruits. Some metabolites, including the plant hormone abscisic acid, accumulated particularly in the receptacle prior to blooming and/or fruit ripening. Our results show several patterns of variation in metabolite levels in developing and ripening pear fruits, and provide fundamental metabolomic data that is useful for understanding pear fruit physiology and enhancing the nutritional traits of new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997–8555, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takao Otsuka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Kanji Isuzugawa
- Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center, Sagae, 999–7601, Japan
| | - Hideki Murayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997–8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260–8675, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464–8601, Japan
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155
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Cárdenas PD, Sonawane PD, Heinig U, Bocobza SE, Burdman S, Aharoni A. The bitter side of the nightshades: Genomics drives discovery in Solanaceae steroidal alkaloid metabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:24-32. [PMID: 25556315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids (SAs) and their glycosylated forms (SGAs) are toxic compounds largely produced by members of the Solanaceae and Liliaceae plant families. This class of specialized metabolites serves as a chemical barrier against a broad range of pest and pathogens. In humans and animals, SAs are considered anti-nutritional factors because they affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food and might even cause poisoning. In spite of the first report on SAs nearly 200 years ago, much of the molecular basis of their biosynthesis and regulation remains unknown. Aspects concerning chemical structures and biological activities of SAs have been reviewed extensively elsewhere; therefore, in this review the latest insights to the elucidation of the SAs biosynthetic pathway are highlighted. Recently, co-expression analysis combined with metabolic profiling revealed metabolic gene clusters in tomato and potato that contain core genes required for production of the prominent SGAs in these two species. Elaborating the knowledge regarding the SAs biosynthetic pathway, the subcellular transport of these molecules, as well as the identification of regulatory and signaling factors associated with SA metabolism will likely advance understanding of chemical defense mechanisms in Solanaceae and Liliaceae plants. It will also provide the means to develop, through classical breeding or genetic engineering, crops with modified levels of anti-nutritional SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cárdenas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - P D Sonawane
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - U Heinig
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S E Bocobza
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S Burdman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - A Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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156
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Alseekh S, Tohge T, Wendenberg R, Scossa F, Omranian N, Li J, Kleessen S, Giavalisco P, Pleban T, Mueller-Roeber B, Zamir D, Nikoloski Z, Fernie AR. Identification and mode of inheritance of quantitative trait loci for secondary metabolite abundance in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:485-512. [PMID: 25770107 PMCID: PMC4558650 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.132266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) analysis was performed on the well-characterized Solanum pennellii introgression lines to investigate the genomic regions associated with secondary metabolism in tomato fruit pericarp. In total, 679 mQTLs were detected across the 76 introgression lines. Heritability analyses revealed that mQTLs of secondary metabolism were less affected by environment than mQTLs of primary metabolism. Network analysis allowed us to assess the interconnectivity of primary and secondary metabolism as well as to compare and contrast their respective associations with morphological traits. Additionally, we applied a recently established real-time quantitative PCR platform to gain insight into transcriptional control mechanisms of a subset of the mQTLs, including those for hydroxycinnamates, acyl-sugar, naringenin chalcone, and a range of glycoalkaloids. Intriguingly, many of these compounds displayed a dominant-negative mode of inheritance, which is contrary to the conventional wisdom that secondary metabolite contents decreased on domestication. We additionally performed an exemplary evaluation of two candidate genes for glycolalkaloid mQTLs via the use of virus-induced gene silencing. The combined data of this study were compared with previous results on primary metabolism obtained from the same material and to other studies of natural variance of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Wendenberg
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Federico Scossa
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Kleessen
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tzili Pleban
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and Otto Warburg Centre for Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dani Zamir
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics and Otto Warburg Centre for Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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157
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Lopez-Sanchez P, de Vos R, Jonker H, Mumm R, Hall R, Bialek L, Leenman R, Strassburg K, Vreeken R, Hankemeier T, Schumm S, van Duynhoven J. Comprehensive metabolomics to evaluate the impact of industrial processing on the phytochemical composition of vegetable purees. Food Chem 2015; 168:348-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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158
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a powerful discipline aimed at a comprehensive and global analysis of the metabolites present in a cell, tissue, or organism, and to which increasing attention has been paid in the last few years. Given the high diversity in physical and chemical properties of plant metabolites, not a single method is able to analyze them all.Here we describe two techniques for the profiling of two quite different groups of metabolites: polar and semi-polar secondary metabolites, including many of those involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stress, and volatile compounds, which include those responsible of most of our perception of food flavor. According to these techniques, polar and semi-polar metabolites are extracted in methanol, separated by liquid chromatography (UPLC), and detected by a UV-VIS detector (PDA) and a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer. Volatile compounds, on the other hand, are extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and separated and detected by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n., 46022, Valencia, Spain
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159
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Aw W, Fukuda S. The Role of Integrated Omics in Elucidating the Gut Microbiota Health Potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23213-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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160
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Degu A, Morcia C, Tumino G, Hochberg U, Toubiana D, Mattivi F, Schneider A, Bosca P, Cattivelli L, Terzi V, Fait A. Metabolite profiling elucidates communalities and differences in the polyphenol biosynthetic pathways of red and white Muscat genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 86:24-33. [PMID: 25461697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of grape berries is varietal dependent and influenced by the environment and viticulture practices. In Muscat grapes, phenolic compounds play a significant role in the organoleptic property of the wine. In the present study, we investigated the chemical diversity of berries in a Muscat collection. Metabolite profiling was performed on 18 Moscato bianco clones and 43 different red and white grape varieties of Muscat using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) coupled with SNP genotyping. Principle component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed a separation of the genotypes into six main groups, three red and three white. Anthocyanins mainly explained the variance between the different groups. Additionally, within the white varieties mainly flavonols and flavanols contributed to the chemical diversity identified. A genotype-specific rootstock effect was identified when separately analyzing the skin of the clones, and it was attributed mainly to resveratrol, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, citrate and malate. The metabolite profile of the varieties investigated reveals the chemical diversity existing among different groups of Muscat genotypes. The distribution pattern of metabolites among the groups dictates the abundance of precursors and intermediate metabolite classes, which contribute to the organoleptic properties of Muscat berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw Degu
- The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Caterina Morcia
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tumino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Uri Hochberg
- The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - David Toubiana
- The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel; The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- IASMA Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele a/Adige, I-38010, Italy
| | - Anna Schneider
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Sezione Grugliasco, Torino 10095, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d' Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Biotechnology and Agriculture of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel.
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161
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Wadhavane PD, Gorla L, Ferrer A, Altava B, Burguete MI, Izquierdo MÁ, Luis SV. Coordination behaviour of new open chain and macrocyclic peptidomimetic compounds with copper(ii). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15852d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two valine-derived bis(amino amides) ligands have been prepared and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D. Wadhavane
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - Lingaraju Gorla
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - Armando Ferrer
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - Belén Altava
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Izquierdo
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Universitat Jaume I
- Campus del Riu Sec
- Castellón
- Spain
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162
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The effects of juice processing on black mulberry antioxidants. Food Chem 2014; 186:277-84. [PMID: 25976822 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Black mulberry fruit is processed to juice at significant scale in Turkey. The effect of industrial-scale juice production on black mulberry antioxidants was evaluated using samples collected from the main steps of processing; including the selection of fruits, washing, mechanical milling, mashing, cold pressing, pasteurization, and filling-packing. Two major anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside), two phenolic acids (3- and caffeoylquinic acid) and 3 flavonols (rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-malonyl-glucoside) were identified using LC-QTOF-MS and were quantified using HPLC. Approximately, 60-70% of the fruit anthocyanins were retained in the final juice, which also contained high levels of caffeoylquinic acids, relative to the fruit. Mashing and pressing were the steps which were effective for the recovery of fruit polyphenolics into the juice fraction. Moreover, an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model, applied to determine the effect of processing on the bioavailability of mulberry antioxidants, indicated a higher anthocyanin bioavailability for the fruit matrix than for the juice matrix.
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163
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Moglia A, Lanteri S, Comino C, Hill L, Knevitt D, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Bornemann S, Martin C. Dual catalytic activity of hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A quinate transferase from tomato allows it to moonlight in the synthesis of both mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1777-87. [PMID: 25301886 PMCID: PMC4256858 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.251371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), like other Solanaceous species, accumulates high levels of antioxidant caffeoylquinic acids, which are strong bioactive molecules and protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these compounds, the monocaffeoylquinic acids (e.g. chlorogenic acid [CGA]) and the dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) have been found to possess marked antioxidative properties. Thus, they are of therapeutic interest both as phytonutrients in foods and as pharmaceuticals. Strategies to increase diCQA content in plants have been hampered by the modest understanding of their biosynthesis and whether the same pathway exists in different plant species. Incubation of CGA with crude extracts of tomato fruits led to the formation of two new products, which were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as diCQAs. This chlorogenate:chlorogenate transferase activity was partially purified from ripe fruit. The final protein fraction resulted in 388-fold enrichment of activity and was subjected to trypsin digestion and mass spectrometric sequencing: a hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) was selected as a candidate protein. Assay of recombinant HQT protein expressed in Escherichia coli confirmed its ability to synthesize diCQAs in vitro. This second activity (chlorogenate:chlorogenate transferase) of HQT had a low pH optimum and a high Km for its substrate, CGA. High concentrations of CGA and relatively low pH occur in the vacuoles of plant cells. Transient assays demonstrated that tomato HQT localizes to the vacuole as well as to the cytoplasm of plant cells, supporting the idea that in this species, the enzyme catalyzes different reactions in two subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Cinzia Comino
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Daniel Knevitt
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Stephen Bornemann
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy (A.M., S.L., C.Co.);John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (L.H., D.K., S.B., C.M.); andDepartment of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy (C.Ca., P.R.)
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164
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Yi L, Dong N, Yun Y, Deng B, Liu S, Zhang Y, Liang Y. WITHDRAWN: Recent advances in chemometric methods for plant metabolomics: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2014:S0734-9750(14)00183-9. [PMID: 25461504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunzhao Yi
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Naiping Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonghuan Yun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5007, Norway
| | - Shao Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yizeng Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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165
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Molecular biodiversity and recent analytical developments: A marriage of convenience. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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166
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Gomez Roldan MV, Outchkourov N, van Houwelingen A, Lammers M, Romero de la Fuente I, Ziklo N, Aharoni A, Hall RD, Beekwilder J. An O-methyltransferase modifies accumulation of methylated anthocyanins in seedlings of tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:695-708. [PMID: 25227758 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins contribute to the appearance of fruit by conferring to them a red, blue or purple colour. In a food context, they have also been suggested to promote consumer health. In purple tomato tissues, such as hypocotyls, stems and purple fruits, various anthocyanins accumulate. These molecules have characteristic patterns of modification, including hydroxylations, methylations, glycosylations and acylations. The genetic basis for many of these modifications has not been fully elucidated, and nor has their role in the functioning of anthocyanins. In this paper, AnthOMT, an O-methyltransferase (OMT) mediating the methylation of anthocyanins, has been identified and functionally characterized using a combined metabolomics and transcriptomics approach. Gene candidates were selected from the draft tomato genome, and their expression was subsequently monitored in a tomato seedling system comprising three tissues and involving several time points. In addition, we also followed gene expression in wild-type red and purple transgenic tomato fruits expressing Rosea1 and Delila transcription factors. Of the 57 candidates identified, only a single OMT gene showed patterns strongly correlating with both accumulation of anthocyanins and expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. This candidate (AnthOMT) was compared to a closely related caffeoyl CoA OMT by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, and then tested for substrate specificity. AnthOMT showed a strong affinity for glycosylated anthocyanins, while other flavonoid glycosides and aglycones were much less preferred. Gene silencing experiments with AnthOMT resulted in reduced levels of the predominant methylated anthocyanins. This confirms the role of this enzyme in the diversification of tomato anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Gomez Roldan
- BU Biosciences, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, PO Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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167
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Aw W, Fukuda S. Toward the comprehensive understanding of the gut ecosystem via metabolomics-based integrated omics approach. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 37:5-16. [PMID: 25338280 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have allowed us to collect more data on microbiome and metabolome to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on human health at a whole-systems level. Major advances in metagenomics and metabolomics technologies have shown that the gut microbiota contributes to host overall health status to a large extent. As such, the gut microbiota is often likened to a measurable and functional organ consisting of prokaryotic cells, which creates the unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells. In this review, we discuss in detail the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites like choline, bile acids, phenols, and short-chain fatty acids in the host health and etiopathogenesis of various pathological states such as multiple sclerosis, autism, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. By integrating metagenomic and metabolomic information on a systems biology-wide approach, we would be better able to understand this interplay between gut microbiome and host metabolism. Integration of the microbiome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome information will pave the way toward an improved holistic understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism. Through the modeling of metabolic interactions between lifestyle, diet, and microbiota, integrated omics-based understanding of the gut ecosystem is the new avenue, providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
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168
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Abstract
Background Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LCMS) has become a widely used technique in metabolomics research for differential profiling, the broad screening of biomolecular constituents across multiple samples to diagnose phenotypic differences and elucidate relevant features. However, a significant limitation in LCMS-based metabolomics is the high-throughput data processing required for robust statistical analysis and data modeling for large numbers of samples with hundreds of unique chemical species. Results To address this problem, we developed Haystack, a web-based tool designed to visualize, parse, filter, and extract significant features from LCMS datasets rapidly and efficiently. Haystack runs in a browser environment with an intuitive graphical user interface that provides both display and data processing options. Total ion chromatograms (TICs) and base peak chromatograms (BPCs) are automatically displayed, along with time-resolved mass spectra and extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) over any mass range. Output files in the common .csv format can be saved for further statistical analysis or customized graphing. Haystack's core function is a flexible binning procedure that converts the mass dimension of the chromatogram into a set of interval variables that can uniquely identify a sample. Binned mass data can be analyzed by exploratory methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) to model class assignment and identify discriminatory features. The validity of this approach is demonstrated by comparison of a dataset from plants grown at two light conditions with manual and automated peak detection methods. Haystack successfully predicted class assignment based on PCA and cluster analysis, and identified discriminatory features based on analysis of EICs of significant bins. Conclusion Haystack, a new online tool for rapid processing and analysis of LCMS-based metabolomics data is described. It offers users a range of data visualization options and supports non-biased differential profiling studies through a unique and flexible binning function that provides an alternative to conventional peak deconvolution analysis methods.
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169
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Schwahn K, de Souza LP, Fernie AR, Tohge T. Metabolomics-assisted refinement of the pathways of steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in the tomato clade. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:864-75. [PMID: 25109688 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites of the Solanum species, which are known to have large chemical and bioactive diversity in nature. While recent effort and development on LC/MS techniques for SGA profiling have elucidated the main pathways of SGA metabolism in tomato, the problem of peak annotation still remains due to the vast diversity of chemical structure and similar on overlapping of chemical formula. Here we provide a case study of peak classification and annotation approach by integration of species and tissue specificities of SGA accumulation for provision of comprehensive pathways of SGA biosynthesis. In order to elucidate natural diversity of SGA biosynthesis, a total of 169 putative SGAs found in eight tomato accessions (Solanum lycopersicum, S. pimpinellifolium, S. cheesmaniae, S. chmielewskii, S. neorickii, S. peruvianum, S. habrochaites, S. pennellii) and four tissue types were used for correlation analysis. The results obtained in this study contribute annotation and classification of SGAs as well as detecting putative novel biosynthetic branch points. As such this represents a novel strategy for peak annotation for plant secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schwahn
- University of Potsdam, AG Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, 14479, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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170
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Caprioli G, Logrippo S, Cahill MG, James KJ. High-performance liquid chromatography LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for tomatidine and non-target metabolites quantification in organic and normal tomatoes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:942-7. [PMID: 25156359 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.950205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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171
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Cox DG, Oh J, Keasling A, Colson KL, Hamann MT. The utility of metabolomics in natural product and biomarker characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3460-3474. [PMID: 25151044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a well-established rapidly developing research field involving quantitative and qualitative metabolite assessment within biological systems. Recent improvements in metabolomics technologies reveal the unequivocal value of metabolomics tools in natural products discovery, gene-function analysis, systems biology and diagnostic platforms. SCOPE OF REVIEW We review here some of the prominent metabolomics methodologies employed in data acquisition and analysis of natural products and disease-related biomarkers. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that metabolomics represents a highly adaptable technology with diverse applications ranging from environmental toxicology to disease diagnosis. Metabolomic analysis is shown to provide a unique snapshot of the functional genetic status of an organism by examining its biochemical profile, with relevance toward resolving phylogenetic associations involving horizontal gene transfer and distinguishing subgroups of genera possessing high genetic homology, as well as an increasing role in both elucidating biosynthetic transformations of natural products and detecting preclinical biomarkers of numerous disease states. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review expands the interest in multiplatform combinatorial metabolomic analysis. The applications reviewed range from phylogenetic assignment, biosynthetic transformations of natural products, and the detection of preclinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Cox
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Adam Keasling
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kim L Colson
- R&D Division, Bruker BioSpin, 15 Fortune Drive Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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172
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Juarez P, Fernandez-del-Carmen A, Rambla JL, Presa S, Mico A, Granell A, Orzaez D. Evaluation of unintended effects in the composition of tomatoes expressing a human immunoglobulin A against rotavirus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8158-8168. [PMID: 25065456 DOI: 10.1021/jf502292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA) in edible fruits as a means of oral passive immunization is a promising strategy for the inexpensive treatment of mucosal diseases. This approach is based on the assumption that the edible status remains unaltered in the immunoglobulin-expressing fruit, and therefore extensive purification is not required for mucosal delivery. However, unintended effects associated with IgA expression such as toxic secondary metabolites and protein allergens cannot be dismissed a priori and need to be investigated. This paper describes a collection of independent transgenic tomato lines expressing a neutralizing human IgA against rotavirus, a mucosal pathogen producing severe diarrhea episodes. This collection was used to evaluate possible unintended effects associated with recombinant IgA expression. A comparative analysis of protein and secondary metabolite profiles using wild type lines and other commercial varieties failed to find unsafe features significantly associated with IgA expression. Preliminary, the data indicate that formulations derived from IgA tomatoes are as safe for consumption as equivalent formulations derived from wild type tomatoes.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/adverse effects
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Dietary Proteins/adverse effects
- Dietary Proteins/metabolism
- Food, Genetically Modified/adverse effects
- Fruit/adverse effects
- Fruit/chemistry
- Fruit/genetics
- Fruit/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin A/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin A/genetics
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Least-Squares Analysis
- Solanum lycopersicum/adverse effects
- Solanum lycopersicum/chemistry
- Solanum lycopersicum/genetics
- Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/adverse effects
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/adverse effects
- Plants, Genetically Modified/chemistry
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Principal Component Analysis
- Recombinant Proteins/adverse effects
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Rotavirus/growth & development
- Rotavirus/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Rotavirus Infections/virology
- Secondary Metabolism
- Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Juarez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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173
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Tohge T, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. On the regulation and function of secondary metabolism during fruit development and ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4599-611. [PMID: 24446507 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The maturation and development of tomato fruit has received much attention due both to the complexity and intricacy of the changes which occur during this process and to the importance of these fruits as a component of the human diet. Whilst great advances have been made in understanding molecular genetic aspects of fruit development, our knowledge concerning the metabolic shifts underpinning this process remains largely confined to primary metabolism. Conversely, the majority of the metabolites considered to have health benefits are secondary or specialized metabolites. Prior to assessing the role (if any) of these metabolites in tomato fruit development, considerable effort will be required in order to better describe the complement of secondary metabolites in the tomato and to elucidate the metabolic pathways involved in their synthesis and degradation. Advances in tomato secondary metabolism will be reviewed here focusing on the use of metabolomics strategies and, where applicable, the enabling of these strategies by their coupling to information resident in the tomato genome sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1. Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1. Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1. Potsdam 14476, Germany
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174
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Babst BA, Chen HY, Wang HQ, Payyavula RS, Thomas TP, Harding SA, Tsai CJ. Stress-responsive hydroxycinnamate glycosyltransferase modulates phenylpropanoid metabolism in Populus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4191-200. [PMID: 24803501 PMCID: PMC4112628 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of phenylpropanoids offers a rich inventory of bioactive chemicals that can be exploited for plant improvement and human health. Recent evidence suggests that glycosylation may play a role in the partitioning of phenylpropanoid precursors for a variety of downstream uses. This work reports the functional characterization of a stress-responsive glycosyltransferase, GT1-316 in Populus. GT1-316 belongs to the UGT84A subfamily of plant glycosyltransferase family 1 and is designated UGT84A17. Recombinant protein analysis showed that UGT84A17 is a hydroxycinnamate glycosyltransferase and able to accept a range of unsubstituted and substituted cinnamic and benzoic acids as substrates in vitro. Overexpression of GT1-316 in transgenic Populus led to plant-wide increases of hydroxycinnamoyl-glucose esters, which were further elevated under N-limiting conditions. Levels of the two most abundant flavonoid glycosides, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, decreased, while levels of other less abundant flavonoid and phenylpropanoid conjugates increased in leaves of the GT1-316-overexpressing plants. Transcript levels of representative phenylpropanoid pathway genes were unchanged in transgenic plants, supporting a glycosylation-mediated redirection of phenylpropanoid carbon flow as opposed to enhanced phenylpropanoid pathway flux. The metabolic response of N-replete transgenic plants overlapped with that of N-stressed wild types, as the majority of phenylpropanoid derivatives significantly affected by GT1-316 overexpression were also significantly changed by N stress in the wild types. These results suggest that UGT84A17 plays an important role in phenylpropanoid metabolism by modulating biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamoyl-glucose esters and their derivatives in response to developmental and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Babst
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Han-Yi Chen
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Raja S Payyavula
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tina P Thomas
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott A Harding
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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175
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Degu A, Hochberg U, Sikron N, Venturini L, Buson G, Ghan R, Plaschkes I, Batushansky A, Chalifa-Caspi V, Mattivi F, Delledonne M, Pezzotti M, Rachmilevitch S, Cramer GR, Fait A. Metabolite and transcript profiling of berry skin during fruit development elucidates differential regulation between Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz cultivars at branching points in the polyphenol pathway. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:188. [PMID: 25064275 PMCID: PMC4222437 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine berries undergo complex biochemical changes during fruit maturation, many of which are dependent upon the variety and its environment. In order to elucidate the varietal dependent developmental regulation of primary and specialized metabolism, berry skins of Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolite profiling from pre-veraison to harvest. The generated dataset was augmented with transcript profiling using RNAseq. RESULTS The analysis of the metabolite data revealed similar developmental patterns of change in primary metabolites between the two cultivars. Nevertheless, towards maturity the extent of change in the major organic acid and sugars (i.e. sucrose, trehalose, malate) and precursors of aromatic and phenolic compounds such as quinate and shikimate was greater in Shiraz compared to Cabernet Sauvignon. In contrast, distinct directional projections on the PCA plot of the two cultivars samples towards maturation when using the specialized metabolite profiles were apparent, suggesting a cultivar-dependent regulation of the specialized metabolism. Generally, Shiraz displayed greater upregulation of the entire polyphenol pathway and specifically higher accumulation of piceid and coumaroyl anthocyanin forms than Cabernet Sauvignon from veraison onwards. Transcript profiling revealed coordinated increased transcript abundance for genes encoding enzymes of committing steps in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The anthocyanin metabolite profile showed F3'5'H-mediated delphinidin-type anthocyanin enrichment in both varieties towards maturation, consistent with the transcript data, indicating that the F3'5'H-governed branching step dominates the anthocyanin profile at late berry development. Correlation analysis confirmed the tightly coordinated metabolic changes during development, and suggested a source-sink relation between the central and specialized metabolism, stronger in Shiraz than Cabernet Sauvignon. RNAseq analysis also revealed that the two cultivars exhibited distinct pattern of changes in genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Compared with CS, Shiraz showed higher number of significant correlations between metabolites, which together with the relatively higher expression of flavonoid genes supports the evidence of increased accumulation of coumaroyl anthocyanins in that cultivar. Enhanced stress related metabolism, e.g. trehalose, stilbene and ABA in Shiraz berry-skin are consistent with its relatively higher susceptibility to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw Degu
- The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Uri Hochberg
- The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Noga Sikron
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Luca Venturini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Genny Buson
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Ryan Ghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno 9557, NV, USA
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Albert Batushansky
- The Albert Katz International School, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno 9557, NV, USA
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
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176
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Larbat R, Paris C, Le Bot J, Adamowicz S. Phenolic characterization and variability in leaves, stems and roots of Micro-Tom and patio tomatoes, in response to nitrogen limitation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 224:62-73. [PMID: 24908507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are implicated in the defence strategies of many plant species rendering their concentration increase of putative practical interest in the field of crop protection. Little attention has been given to the nature, concentration and distribution of phenolics within vegetative organs of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum. L) as compared to fruits. In this study, we extensively characterized the phenolics in leaves, stems and roots of nine tomato cultivars using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n)) and assessed the impact of low nitrogen (LN) availability on their accumulation. Thirty-one phenolics from the four sub-classes, hydroxycinnamoyl esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolamides were identified, five of which had not previously been reported in these tomato organs. A higher diversity and concentration of phenolics was found in leaves than in stems and roots. The qualitative distribution of these compounds between plant organs was similar for the nine cultivars with the exception of Micro-Tom because of its significantly higher phenolic concentrations in leaves and stems as compared to roots. With few exceptions, the influence of the LN treatment on the three organs of all cultivars was to increase the concentrations of hydroxycinnamoyl esters, flavonoids and anthocyanins and to decrease those of phenolamides. This impact of LN was greater in roots than in leaves and stems. Nitrogen nutrition thus appears as a means of modulating the concentration and composition of organ phenolics and their distribution within the whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Larbat
- INRA UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France; Université de Lorraine UMR 1121 "Agronomie & Environnement" Nancy-Colmar, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Cédric Paris
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Jacques Le Bot
- INRA, UR 1115 PSH (Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles), F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Stéphane Adamowicz
- INRA, UR 1115 PSH (Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles), F-84000 Avignon, France.
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177
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Mushtaq MY, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, Wilson EG. Extraction for metabolomics: access to the metabolome. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:291-306. [PMID: 24523261 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The value of information obtained from a metabolomic study depends on how much of the metabolome is present in analysed samples. Thus, only a comprehensive and reproducible extraction method will provide reliable data because the metabolites that will be measured are those that were extracted and all conclusions will be built around this information. OBJECTIVE To discuss the efficiency and reliability of available sample pre-treatment methods and their application in different fields of metabolomics. METHODS The review has three sections: the first deals with pre-extraction techniques, the second discusses the choice of extraction solvents and their main features and the third includes a brief description of the most used extraction techniques: microwave-assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, Soxhlet and a new method developed in our laboratory--the comprehensive extraction method. RESULTS Examination of over 200 studies showed that sample collection, homogenisation, grinding and storage could affect the yield and reproducibility of results. They also revealed that apart from the solvent used for extraction, the extraction techniques have a decisive role on the metabolites available for analysis. CONCLUSION It is essential to evaluate efficacy and reproducibility of sample pre-treatment as a first step to ensure the reliability of a metabolomic study. Among the reviewed methods, the comprehensive extraction method appears to provide a promising approach for extracting diverse types of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Yahya Mushtaq
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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178
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Anton D, Matt D, Pedastsaar P, Bender I, Kazimierczak R, Roasto M, Kaart T, Luik A, Püssa T. Three-year comparative study of polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacities in fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars grown under organic and conventional conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5173-5180. [PMID: 24811708 DOI: 10.1021/jf500792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, four tomato cultivars were grown under organic and conventional conditions in separate unheated greenhouses in three consecutive years. The objective was to assess the influence of the cultivation system on the content of individual polyphenols, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity of tomatoes. The fruits were analyzed for total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant capacity by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Individual phenolic compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Among 30 identified and quantified polyphenols, significantly higher contents of apigenin acetylhexoside, caffeic acid hexoside I, and phloretin dihexoside were found in all organic samples. The content of polyphenols was more dependent on year and cultivar than on cultivation conditions. Generally, the cultivation system had minor impact on polyphenols content, and only a few compounds were influenced by the mode of cultivation in all tested cultivars during all three years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Anton
- Department of Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences , Kreutzwaldi 56/3 Tartu 51014, Estonia
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179
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Bastías A, Yañez M, Osorio S, Arbona V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Fernie AR, Casaretto JA. The transcription factor AREB1 regulates primary metabolic pathways in tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2351-63. [PMID: 24659489 PMCID: PMC4036503 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit development is regulated both by the action of plant hormones and by tight genetic control. Recent studies suggest that abscisic acid (ABA) signalling may affect different aspects of fruit maturation. Previously, it was shown that SlAREB1, an ABA-regulated transcription factor involved in stress-induced responses, is expressed in seeds and in fruit tissues in tomato. Here, the role of SlAREB1 in regulating the expression of genes relevant for primary metabolic pathways and affecting the metabolic profile of the fruit was investigated using transgenic tomato lines. Metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on pericarp tissue from fruits harvested at three stages of fruit development. Principal component analysis of the data could distinguish the metabolite profiles of non-transgenic fruits from those that overexpress and down-regulate SlAREB1. Overexpression of SlAREB1 resulted in increased content of organic acids, hexoses, hexose-phosphates, and amino acids in immature green, mature green, and red ripe fruits, and these modifications correlated with the up-regulation of enzyme-encoding genes involved in primary carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. A non-targeted LC-MS analysis indicated that the composition of secondary metabolites is also affected in transgenic lines. In addition, gene expression data revealed that some genes associated with fruit ripening are also up-regulated in SlAREB1-overexpressing lines compared with wild-type and antisense lines. Taken together, the results suggest that SlAREB1 participates in the regulation of the metabolic programming that takes place during fruit ripening and that may explain part of the role of ABA in fruit development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bastías
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Mónica Yañez
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José A Casaretto
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
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180
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Li L, Zhao C, Chang Y, Lu X, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Xu G. Metabolomics study of cured tobacco using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: method development and its application in investigating the chemical differences of tobacco from three growing regions. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1067-74. [PMID: 24677698 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Cured tobacco is an important plant material. Component studies are a big challenge for its significantly diverse chemical properties and vastly different concentrations. In this work, liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to perform a metabolomics study of cured tobacco owing to its efficient separation and detection of semipolar metabolites. A solvent of methanol/water (8:2, v/v) and 30 min of ultrasound time were found to be optimal to perform extraction. 95, 92, and 93% of metabolite features had within 20% of coefficient of variation for repeatability, intraday and interday precision analysis, respectively, indicating a good stability of the method developed. 113 metabolites were identified in cured tobacco based on accurate mass, retention time, and MS/MS fragments. The developed method was applied to a metabolomics study of cured tobacco from three growing regions. Forty three metabolites were found to be contributed to the classification. It is shown that the developed method can be applied to metabolomics analysis of plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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181
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Tohge T, de Souza LP, Fernie AR. Genome-enabled plant metabolomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 966:7-20. [PMID: 24811977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The grand challenge currently facing metabolomics is that of comprehensitivity whilst next generation sequencing and advanced proteomics methods now allow almost complete and at least 50% coverage of their respective target molecules, metabolomics platforms at best offer coverage of just 10% of the small molecule complement of the cell. Here we discuss the use of genome sequence information as an enabling tool for peak identity and for translational metabolomics. Whilst we argue that genome information is not sufficient to compute the size of a species metabolome it is highly useful in predicting the occurrence of a wide range of common metabolites. Furthermore, we describe how via gene functional analysis in model species the identity of unknown metabolite peaks can be resolved. Taken together these examples suggest that genome sequence information is current (and likely will remain), a highly effective tool in peak elucidation in mass spectral metabolomics strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
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182
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Singh H, Dixit S, Verma PC, Singh PK. Evaluation of total phenolic compounds and insecticidal and antioxidant activities of tomato hairy root extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2588-94. [PMID: 24635720 DOI: 10.1021/jf405695y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most consumed crops in the whole world because of their versatile importance in dietary food as well as many industrial applications. They are also a rich source of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids. In the present study, we described a method to produce these compounds from hairy roots of tomato (THRs). Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 was used to induce hairy roots in the tomato explants. The Ri T-DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the rolC gene. Biomass accumulation of hairy root lines was 1.7-3.7-fold higher compared to in vitro grown roots. Moreover, THRs efficiently produced several phenolic compounds, such as rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, colorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. Gallic acid [34.02 μg/g of dry weight (DW)] and rutin (20.26 μg/g of DW) were the major phenolic acid and flavonoid produced by THRs, respectively. The activities of reactive oxygen species enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) were quantified. The activity of catalase in THRs was 0.97 ± 0.03 mM H2O2 min(-1) g(-1), which was 1.22-fold (0.79 ± 0.09 mM H2O2 min(-1) g(-1)) and 1.59-fold (0.61 ± 0.06 mM H2O2 min(-1) g(-1)) higher than field grown and in vitro grown roots, respectively. At 100 μL/g concentration, the phenolic compound extract caused 53.34 and 40.00% mortality against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura, respectively, after 6 days. Surviving larvae of H. armigera and S. litura on the phenolic compound extract after 6 days showed 85.43 and 86.90% growth retardation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpal Singh
- National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh, India
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183
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Ito T, Masubuchi M. Dereplication of microbial extracts and related analytical technologies. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:353-60. [PMID: 24569671 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products still continue to have an important role as a resource of various biologically active substances. Dereplication is a key process in natural product screening that analyzes the extracts of microbial fermentation broths or plant samples. In this review article, we describe and discuss the analytical techniques of dereplication and related technologies in the following sections: 1. Direct detection from microbial colonies. 2. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS profiling for library construction. 3. Micro-fractionation to identify active peaks. 4. Quantification of small-amount compounds. 5. Structure identification from small amounts. Using these techniques, the desired compound in the mixture library can be rapidly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ito
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyako Masubuchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
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184
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Zhao G, Peng C, Du W, Wang S. Simultaneous determination of imperatorin and its metabolitesin vitroandin vivoby a GC-MS method: application to a bioavailability and protein binding ability study in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:947-56. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 China
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185
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Lee DK, Yoon MH, Kang YP, Yu J, Park JH, Lee J, Kwon SW. Comparison of primary and secondary metabolites for suitability to discriminate the origins of Schisandra chinensis by GC/MS and LC/MS. Food Chem 2013; 141:3931-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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186
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187
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Blumberg JB, Camesano TA, Cassidy A, Kris-Etherton P, Howell A, Manach C, Ostertag LM, Sies H, Skulas-Ray A, Vita JA. Cranberries and their bioactive constituents in human health. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:618-32. [PMID: 24228191 PMCID: PMC3823508 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.004473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observational and clinical studies have raised interest in the potential health effects of cranberry consumption, an association that appears to be due to the phytochemical content of this fruit. The profile of cranberry bioactives is distinct from that of other berry fruit, being rich in A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) in contrast to the B-type PACs present in most other fruit. Basic research has suggested a number of potential mechanisms of action of cranberry bioactives, although further molecular studies are necessary. Human studies on the health effects of cranberry products have focused principally on urinary tract and cardiovascular health, with some attention also directed to oral health and gastrointestinal epithelia. Evidence suggesting that cranberries may decrease the recurrence of urinary tract infections is important because a nutritional approach to this condition could lower the use of antibiotic treatment and the consequent development of resistance to these drugs. There is encouraging, but limited, evidence of a cardioprotective effect of cranberries mediated via actions on antioxidant capacity and lipoprotein profiles. The mixed outcomes from clinical studies with cranberry products could result from interventions testing a variety of products, often uncharacterized in their composition of bioactives, using different doses and regimens, as well as the absence of a biomarker for compliance to the protocol. Daily consumption of a variety of fruit is necessary to achieve a healthy dietary pattern, meet recommendations for micronutrient intake, and promote the intake of a diversity of phytochemicals. Berry fruit, including cranberries, represent a rich source of phenolic bioactives that may contribute to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Amy Howell
- Rutgers University, Marucci Center for Blueberry Cranberry Research, Chatsworth, NJ
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Luisa M. Ostertag
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Helmut Sies
- Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Dusseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Ann Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Joseph A. Vita
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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188
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Lee DY, Heo S, Kim SG, Choi HK, Lee HJ, Cho SM, Auh JH. Metabolomic characterization of the region- and maturity-specificity of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja). Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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189
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Wu SB, Meyer RS, Whitaker BD, Litt A, Kennelly EJ. A new liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based strategy to integrate chemistry, morphology, and evolution of eggplant (Solanum) species. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:154-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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190
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Carrillo-López A, Yahia E. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds During Ripening in Exocarp and Mesocarp of Tomato Fruit. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C1839-44. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Carrillo-López
- Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Culiacán Sinaloa 80000 México
| | - Elhadi Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro; Juriquilla 76230 Querétaro México
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191
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Abu-Reidah IM, Contreras MM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a powerful tool for metabolic profiling of vegetables: Lactuca sativa as an example of its application. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:212-27. [PMID: 23891214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a leafy vegetal widely consumed worldwide, fresh cut or minimally processed, constitutes a major dietary source of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. In this study, reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS) was applied for the comprehensive profiling of polar and semi-polar metabolites from three lettuce cultivars (baby, romaine, and iceberg). The UHPLC systems allowed the use of a small-particle-size C18 column (1.8 μm), with very fine resolution for the separation of up to seven isomers, and the QTOF mass analyzer enabled sensitive detection with high mass resolution and accuracy in full scan. Thus, a total of 171 compounds were tentatively identified by matching their accurate mass signals and suggested molecular formula with those previously reported in family Asteraceae. Afterwards, their structures were also corroborated by the MS/MS data provided by the QTOF analyzer. Well-known amino acids, organic acids, sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids and flavonoids were characterized, e.g. lactucin, lactucopicrin, caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, chicoric acid, isochlorogenic acid A, luteolin, and quercetin glycosides. For this plant species, this is the first available report of several isomeric forms of the latter polyphenols and other types of components such as nucleosides, peptides, and tryptophan-derived alkaloids. Remarkably, 10 novel structures formed by the conjugation of known amino acids and sesquiterpene lactones were also proposed. Thus, the methodology applied is a useful option to develop an exhaustive metabolic profiling of plants that helps to explain their potential biological activities and folk uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Abu-Reidah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 3, 18016 Granada, Spain(1)
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192
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Bondia-Pons I, Cañellas N, Abete I, Rodríguez MÁ, Perez-Cornago A, Navas-Carretero S, Zulet MÁ, Correig X, Martínez JA. Nutri-metabolomics: subtle serum metabolic differences in healthy subjects by NMR-based metabolomics after a short-term nutritional intervention with two tomato sauces. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:611-8. [PMID: 24138070 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postgenomics research and development is witnessing novel intersections of omics data intensive technology and applications in health and personalized nutrition. Chief among these is the nascent field of nutri-metabolomics that harnesses metabolomics platforms to discern person-to-person variations in nutritional responses. To this end, differences in the origin and ripening stage of fruits might have a strong impact on their phytochemical composition, and consequently, on their potential nutri-metabolomics effects on health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week cross-over nutritional intervention on the metabolic status of 24 young healthy subjects. The intervention was carried out with two tomato sauces differing in their natural lycopene content, which was achieved by using tomatoes harvested at different times. Blood samples were drawn from each subject before and after each intervention period. Aqueous and lipid extracts from serum samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR metabolic profiling combined with analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) and multilevel simultaneous component analysis (MSCA). These methods allowed the interpretation of the variation induced by the main factors of the study design (sauce treatment and time). The levels of creatine, creatinine, leucine, choline, methionine, and acetate in aqueous extracts were increased after the intervention with the high-lycopene content sauce, while those of ascorbic acid, lactate, pyruvate, isoleucine, alanine were increased after the normal-lycopene content sauce. In conclusion, NMR-based metabolomics of aqueous and lipid extracts allowed the detection of different metabolic changes after the nutritional intervention. This outcome might partly be due to the different ripening state of the fruits used in production of the tomato sauces. The findings presented herein collectively attest to the emergence of the field of nutri-metabolomics as a novel subspecialty of postgenomics integrative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bondia-Pons
- 1 Department of Food Science Nutrition, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain
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193
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Suzme S, Boyacioglu D, Toydemir G, Capanoglu E. Effect of industrial juice concentrate processing on phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of black carrots. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Suzme
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Food Engineering Department; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Dilek Boyacioglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Food Engineering Department; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gamze Toydemir
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Food Engineering Department; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering; Food Engineering Department; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
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194
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Di Lecce G, Martínez-Huélamo M, Tulipani S, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Setup of a UHPLC-QqQ-MS method for the analysis of phenolic compounds in cherry tomatoes, tomato sauce, and tomato juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8373-8380. [PMID: 23909470 DOI: 10.1021/jf401953y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The setup of a novel, rapid, and sensitive UHPLC-QqQ-MS method was described for the determination of phenolic compounds in tomatoes and tomato-based products (tomato sauce and juice). Phenolic compounds including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonols, and flavanones were detected, separated, and quantified in a 3 min chromatographic run. The main advantages of the method include high analyte recovery (90.1-115%), low limit of detection (0.008-0.167 mg L(-1)) and quantification (0.01-0.83 mg L(-1)), good accuracy (85.6-115%), and precision (<15%). The detection of the phenolic compounds varied according to the physicochemical nature of the extracts, but generally low matrix-dependent suppression/enhancement effects were observed in all three matrices. The possibility to transfer easily the existing HPLC to the fast UHPLC methods is very attractive, and with minor modifications, the methodology described may be applied to the phenolic characterization of a broad range of plant and food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lecce
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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195
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Yang T, Stoopen G, Thoen M, Wiegers G, Jongsma MA. Chrysanthemum expressing a linalool synthase gene 'smells good', but 'tastes bad' to western flower thrips. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:875-882. [PMID: 23745691 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles are often involved in direct and indirect plant defence against herbivores. Linalool is a common floral scent and found to be released from leaves by many plants after herbivore attack. In this study, a linalool/nerolidol synthase, FaNES1, was overexpressed in the plastids of chrysanthemum plants (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The volatiles of FaNES1 chrysanthemum leaves were strongly dominated by linalool, but they also emitted small amount of the C11-homoterpene, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, a derivative of nerolidol. Four nonvolatile linalool glycosides in methanolic extracts were found to be significantly increased in the leaves of FaNES1 plants compared to wild-type plants. They were putatively identified by LC-MS-MS as two linalool-malonyl-hexoses, a linalool-pentose-hexose and a glycoside of hydroxy-linalool. A leaf-disc dual-choice assay with western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis) showed, initially during the first 15 min of WFT release, that FaNES1 plants were significantly preferred. This gradually reversed into significant preference for the control, however, at 20-28 h after WFT release. The initial preference was shown to be based on the linalool odour of FaNES1 plants by olfactory dual-choice assays using paper discs emitting pure linalool at similar rates as leaf discs. The reversal of preference into deterrence could be explained by the initial nonvolatile composition of the FaNES1 plants, as methanolic extracts were less preferred by WFT. Considering the common occurrence of linalool and its glycosides in plant tissues, it suggests that plants may balance attractive fragrance with 'poor taste' using the same precursor compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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196
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Metabolomics in plants and humans: applications in the prevention and diagnosis of diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:792527. [PMID: 23986911 PMCID: PMC3748395 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, there has been an increase in the number of metabolomic approaches used, in parallel with proteomic and functional genomic studies. The wide variety of chemical types of metabolites available has also accelerated the use of different techniques in the investigation of the metabolome. At present, metabolomics is applied to investigate several human diseases, to improve their diagnosis and prevention, and to design better therapeutic strategies. In addition, metabolomic studies are also being carried out in areas such as toxicology and pharmacology, crop breeding, and plant biotechnology. In this review, we emphasize the use and application of metabolomics in human diseases and plant research to improve human health.
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198
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Tikunov YM, Molthoff J, de Vos RC, Beekwilder J, van Houwelingen A, van der Hooft JJ, Nijenhuis-de Vries M, Labrie CW, Verkerke W, van de Geest H, Viquez Zamora M, Presa S, Rambla JL, Granell A, Hall RD, Bovy AG. Non-smoky glycosyltransferase1 prevents the release of smoky aroma from tomato fruit. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:3067-78. [PMID: 23956261 PMCID: PMC3784599 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid volatiles are responsible for the key tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) aroma attribute termed "smoky." Release of these volatiles from their glycosylated precursors, rather than their biosynthesis, is the major determinant of smoky aroma in cultivated tomato. using a combinatorial omics approach, we identified the non-smoky glycosyltransferase1 (NSGT1) gene. Expression of NSGT1 is induced during fruit ripening, and the encoded enzyme converts the cleavable diglycosides of the smoky-related phenylpropanoid volatiles into noncleavable triglycosides, thereby preventing their deglycosylation and release from tomato fruit upon tissue disruption. In an nsgt1/nsgt1 background, further glycosylation of phenylpropanoid volatile diglycosides does not occur, thereby enabling their cleavage and the release of corresponding volatiles. Using reverse genetics approaches, the NSGT1-mediated glycosylation was shown to be the molecular mechanism underlying the major quantitative trait locus for smoky aroma. Sensory trials with transgenic fruits, in which the inactive nsgt1 was complemented with the functional NSGT1, showed a significant and perceivable reduction in smoky aroma. NSGT1 may be used in a precision breeding strategy toward development of tomato fruits with distinct flavor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury M. Tikunov
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to
| | - Jos Molthoff
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C.H. de Vos
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Wouter Verkerke
- Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw, 2665 MV Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Henri van de Geest
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Presa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud G. Bovy
- Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Narváez-Cuenca CE, Vincken JP, Zheng C, Gruppen H. Diversity of (dihydro) hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates in Colombian potato tubers. Food Chem 2013; 139:1087-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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200
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Toydemir G, Capanoglu E, Kamiloglu S, Boyacioglu D, de Vos RC, Hall RD, Beekwilder J. Changes in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) antioxidants during nectar processing and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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